project essay

Free Project Management Essay Examples & Topics

Writing a project management essay can be a daunting task if you do not understand what to write about and what topic to choose. But it won’t be a problem for you! Our team has prepared this article to see this process clearly. First of all, let us figure out what project management is as a discipline.

Project management is the use of specific tools, methods, skills to complete a project. In its foundation are the efforts to create value through the final result. A project usually has a team, a schedule, a budget, and set goals and expectations. It is a temporary and progressive attempt to reach a specific objective.

On this page, you will also find project management essay examples on specific topics. These samples will reveal critical terminology for completing this assignment. Plus, you’ll see the author’s reflection on the issue. Additionally, our experts have gathered topics and prompts that can give you a direction for a good start.

Project management essays are mainly about planning, management, and organizing. To not miss anything out, start working on your paper with a detailed action plan or outline.

Your structure should include the following aspects:

Introduction. Your project management essay should begin with an overview of the project. In your introduction, identify the main goals and finish it with the thesis statement.
Thesis . This one sentence should express the main idea of the essay, its message. It also helps to control the pictures in the paper. Our thesis generator can create one for you.
Paragraph 1 . Your first body paragraph should relate to the thesis statement the closest. Be mindful that every section should introduce one argument and distinctive thought.
Paragraph 2. Your second paragraph should include your strongest argument. Start it by telling your reader what will be inside the section. Provide supportive evidence with quotes. Try a plagiarism checker to see whether you’ve cited correctly.
Paragraph 3 . The last section of the body should contain the weakest argument and example. It can also be a natural follow-up to the second paragraph or a counterargument.
Conclusion . This last conclusive paragraph should demonstrate your findings. Here, you restate your thesis and include the ideas for further dialogue.

17 Project Management Essay Topics

Still not sure how to start your paper? In this section, you will find ideas to use in your assignment and practice. You can also use our topic generator for this purpose.

Students can use the following topics for this task:

The importance of project management software for successful project completion.
Organizational culture and effective conflict management.
An analysis of project delays in the construction industry.
Introduction to agile-scrum in project management theory.
Understanding the role of soft skills in project management.
Employment background and its correlation with project management success rates.
Social media and project management risk.
Contemporary approaches to project and chain management.
Define possible difficulties and constraints with project scheduling and control during pandemics.
How can project management be done sustainably?
Critical path method application to project scope.
Application of the goal-setting theories in improving the outcomes of the project.
An impact of culture on managing expectations for the project.
Cross-cultural communication and work ethos in multinational project management.
Project management triangle and its variations.
How is a project management plan used in the marketing industry?
Project lifecycle in project management.

5 Project Management Essay Questions

If you still have difficulties starting your essay, we have a solution for you! These prompts can guide your process. You’ll get the needed motivation and direction for your project management essay.

These questions will provide you with the arguments and essay ideas:

What is the relationship between project management and the overall performance of a company ? Project management and overall company performance got to hand in hand. To succeed in today’s world, a company needs to implement proper techniques and tools.
What is p roject management in regards to a legal project? In this essay, apply the academic knowledge you’ve acquired to the legal profession and project. Try to ask yourself what methods and tools can be best utilized when handling a legal project.
What is the importance of project management organizational structures? In this essay, include all four traditional types of project organizational structures. Give a brief analysis of each one of them. You can also describe how the digital age disrupted old conventional models and systems.
How can project management planning help improve a company’s organizational structure? Business owners and project managers cannot overlook the importance of project management. It can help every part of a business to run successfully. In this essay, focus on how it can improve the success of your organization.
What are the processes in project management human resource training? Human resources concern project team recruitment, training, and management. It also involves team building and motivation. In your essay, give particular examples of project human resource management in a specific organization.

Thank you for paying attention and staying with us till the end. Now you can read project management paper examples down below.

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How to write your project paper

Mar 1, 2019 | Writing , paper writing

In college, students perform different tasks all of which are necessary for their studies. Some tasks are more complex and carry if they are a partial fulfillment for graduation. When the student is approaching the end of his studies, he is supposed to write a project paper hat is research-based. However, this varies from one program to the next. This paper is so important such that the preparation for it starts very beforehand. The student has to submit a topic for approval, after which he has to develop a proposal detailing why he should be allowed to carry out research in that field.

The process of writing that proposal takes time, and the student has to pay attention to the kind of information and reasons he puts forward. After the approval, the student can go to the field to conduct research. As such, this makes the project paper, a research project. Now, the student must have the requisite skills to do this project. First, he must know the steps in writing a project or research paper because the success of this project depends on it. More so, the student must also think about the topic he has to choose. For one, choosing a broader topic may make the paper too long. On the other hand, choosing a very narrow topic can present problems in filing information.

As such, the student was supposed to choose a topic that will not bring problems during the project paper writing process. Remember that he is garnering for the best score because without the project paper writing , he is unlikely to graduate. Some students have even enlisted the services of online writers who can write these project papers in good detail and within the specified deadline. The idea of using online writers is not welcome to everyone, but students still use it. In most cases, this is driven by the pressure that comes with the process of project paper writing or the inadequate skills in research writing that most students have. Either way, the steps in writing a project or research paper remain the same.

When it comes to the preparation, a student is supposed to have thought of the best topic that he will use for his final projects. The preparation ought to start early on, especially during the onset of the final academic year. This helps the student in planning for the project proposal, which usually takes time. After the approval, the student is now ready to obtain all the necessary information, analyse the data, and write the final report. The best thing to do while doing project paper writing is to stay in touch with the lecturer or the supervisor in every step if the way.

For instance, if you are done with chapter one of the project, you can consult your supervisor to establish if you have followed every rule. This way, he can correct you where necessary, and as you proceed, you will be aware of the mistakes to avoid. This keeps your work within the required limits, and you are able to finish the paper without too many problems. Even when you are using online writers, you have to consult for you to make sure the writer is following every requirement of the assignment. Final projects are very crucial, and they partly demonstrate what you have been learning, and the skills that you have acquired over the years that you have been in college. As such, we have to delve on the steps in writing a project or research paper.

A project paper is a formal document, which presents and discusses the results of your in-depth research. It follows some predefined guidelines, which are necessary for the entire project paper writing process . As earlier stated, project papers are mostly research papers that are used to explore and identify scientific, technical and social issues. Since this is your final project, you are familiar with the steps in writing a project or research paper, which makes it less daunting. However, there are students who still do not have the requisite skills to write this paper.

If this is a comfort, then these insights will help you to tackle this final project because your graduation depends on it. The process of project paper writing starts with the following:

This process starts with choosing the best topic for your research when choosing your topic to consider the following tips:

Ask yourself crucial questions

Choosing your topic is the first step you do in the project paper writing process. As you do this, you need to have a few questions to think about. Is there available research on the topic? Is the topic unique and new to offer fresh opinions? Is it pertinent to my occupation?

Always pick a topic that you love

You ought to choose a topic that you feel passionate about. The project paper writing process can become daunting if you have a topic that sparks no interest in you. When you write something, about which you are passionate, the process becomes easier, and you will enjoy every step of the project.

Maintain originality

If your project paper is a final academic undertaking, you must make it as original as possible. You have to consider what other students are likely to write and try as much as possible to be unique. All of you are graduating soon, and as such, you have the liberty to choose your topic. Make your topic stand out from the rest because writing about the same thing is boring.

Seek advice

The steps in writing a project or research paper sometimes can get tricky, and as such, you need to get relevant advice. If you originate a topic that feels “just right” you, can ask for advice, especially from your professor. He is likely to have great ideas that even if they are not options for you, they are a source of inspiration for new ideas. If your professor is worth anything to you, then you are likely to be successful with your work especially if you keep consulting him.

Our topic is not set on stone

If you know how to write a project paper, then you know that the topic you come up with is not final. It is subject to change, and this is evident during your researching process. do not fret if you find out that you want to make changes to your topic because this is normal during a research process.

Your project paper will anchor on the research that you undertake in the field. Consider the following when doing your research:

Begin your research

Now that you have a topic, you can research on it using reliable and trustworthy web pages, journal articles, books, encyclopedias, interviews, blog posts and so on. Take your time to check on the professional resources that have valid research and insights to your topic. You can use a minimum of five sources in your project paper.

Consider using empirical research

Fine research is one of the steps in writing a project or research paper ; you have a chance to use empirical research whenever possible. It can be peer-reviewed empirical research written by experts in your field of interest. It has been read and vouched for by other experts in the same field.

Make use of the library

Most students nowadays tend to ignore the school library, but they do not know it can be a great source of help during the project paper writing process. There are different research materials that include books, newspapers, magazines, journals and so on. You can ask the librarian for help if necessary.

Use the internet

When using the internet in the research process, do not always pick the top three results displayed on the search engine. You have to think critically and read every source toughly to determine if it is legitimate. The information you find must be trustworthy, meaning the internet source you use is reliable.

Use academic databases

Your project paper writing process cannot be complete if you have not used academic databases. They are online search engines that have databases with numerous peer-reviewed or scientifically published journals, magazines, books and so on.

Become creative with your research

You can find a book or a journal that fits your topic excellently. Look at the bibliography and the end of it because it might contain more books and journals that relate to your topic.

You are now deep into the steps of writing a project or research paper, and at this point, you can formulate an outline. You can annotate your research after you gather all the relevant information. Mark anything in the sources that you are using for your paper. Do a though annotating and make an outline for your paper to make the project paper writing process easier.

Ensure that you have organized your notes accordingly because research can take quite some time and the outlining process is meant to bring more clarity to it. You can organize your notes by highlighting all the phrases and ideas into categories based on topic. Outlining your project paper makes it easier for you to include everything you need.

Your thesis statement comes at the beginning of your paper, right after your introduction. It should be one or two sentences that tell the main aim of your project paper. Your thesis statement is subject to change as you go along writing the paper.

Sometimes, the steps of writing a project or research paper do not necessarily start with an introduction, it can be written later, but it depends on the person. You can start with the body paragraphs and support everything that you say in the paper using evidence. Since this is a research paper, project paper writing does not take your personal opinion or remarks that are not supported by evidence.

Provide ample explanations for your research. In the project paper writing process, refrain from using too many quotes. The idea of this paper is to resent your ideas, and unless you intend to use these quotes, it must be of utmost necessity. Your paper ought to flow well and every paragraph ought to cover one point at a time. Use transitional words in every paragraph to enhance the flow of ideas.

One of the significant steps in writing a project or research paper is to come up with an effective conclusion. Since you have worked your way through the evidence, summarize your findings, in conclusion, to give the audience a sense of closure. You restate your thesis statements in a few words without negating the meaning and then the major points that you have covered in your project paper. You can emphasize the larger implications of your topic.

If you did not start with the introduction, this is the time that you write it, introduce the larger topic and then orient the reader to the area on which you have focused. End the introduction with our thesis statement. If you write your introduction last, it will still be read first. You only want to write it with respect to how you have discussed all your evidence, and now you have a better perspective on how you will introduce your work.

Everything you write in your project paper must be referenced according to the format preferred by your instructor. It could be MLA, APA, and Harvard and so on. Follow the guidelines that are there in each format.

Edit and proofread your paper to remove any mistakes with sentence structure, flow, adding necessary or deleting unnecessary information, correcting mistakes in grammar, punctuation, spelling and so on. These two steps in writing a project or research paper are necessary for as far as your score is concerned. Once you are done, print your project paper, and submit.

Project Plan, Essay Example

Pages: 5

Words: 1357

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You are free to use it as an inspiration or a source for your own work.

When beginning a project in any business setting, it is important to implement a proper project management plan. These plans are essentials to every aspect of a project. There are nine subcategories involved with any project management plan. The project plan in its entirety will help to achieve goals, deliver the project, schedule the project, and create supporting plans involving the project (Haughey, 2013).

It is important to understand the stakeholders that are essential to the project plan. Stakeholders are the people who have an interest in plan or the people who will be affected by the outcome of the plan (Project planning: stakeholder analysis, 2013). The stakeholders involved in opening a restaurant are the owners, the project team, investors, future customers, and employees. It is important that they are all considered when planning the project.

The project that is being worked on is a business plan for a restaurant. There are many details that are involved with opening a restaurant, or any business for that manner. The project plan is going to help with any goals or time lines that are involved with this project. It is important that this project plan is implemented after being created.

The first step in the project plan is to create the scope management plan. The project scope includes all the details of the project (Project management knowledge, 2010). This includes all input and output within the project. In this plan the project is defined, how the project will develop, and work breakdown structure will be included (Project management knowledge, 2010).

Problems that may arise for the project manager, specifically pertaining to opening a restaurant could be that minor details may be missing. Details regarding how many employees are actually necessary or how many dishes will be needed. These issues may slip through the cracks when detailing the project as a whole.

Another issue may be the work breakdown. There may be people included in this plan that are not taking the responsibility necessary to complete the project. This could be from a lack of specific detail as to job responsibilities within the plan.

The next the subcategory of the project plan is the time management plan. This plan is fairly self explanatory. The time management portion of the plan will set specific deadlines for goals to be accomplished. This is very important, especially when opening a business. The business owner’s livelihood may depend on it.

Issue that may arise for the project manager may be that due to dire circumstances, the project falls behind. A restaurant may miss the expected opening date due to a failure to obtain proper licensing for food or liquor. Another issue could be that due to inclement weather, the contractors cannot complete their work in a timely manner. This part of the project plan could fall apart through no fault of the people in charge.

The cost management plan is very important to the project plan. The cost management plan provides details regarding the cost that will incur for the project, as well as the cost that will be received after the project is finished (Project management knowledge, 2010). These costs are estimates. It will also provide planning and structure for these costs incurred (Project management knowledge, 2010).

The project manager may run into issues if the costs are higher than the estimates included in the plan. Costs could rise if more labor is needed, if more materials are needed, or even more licensing than expected is needed when dealing with restaurants. Sometimes these aspects of the business can be hard to estimate. There could also be an issue if the quotes that were received change over the course of the project for some reason. This could affect time management if the funds are not available immediately.

The communication management plan is another aspect of a project plan. This plan offers details to how the team will communicate during the project (Project management knowledge, 2010). This could be any type of communication to include e-mails, cell phones, or even weekly memos. Communication is key in any project.

When planning for opening a restaurant, it is important to communicate any license requirements, materials needed, even a cleaning schedule for the project. An issue could arise if the team fails to inform each other of necessary work or other issues that may arise. If the entire team is informed there should not be problems, it is when communication breaks down that problems arise.

The next subcategory is the risk management plan. This plan outlines procedures to reduce risk and also how to handle risks that arise (Project management knowledge, 2010). With any project there are risks involved.

This very true with the restaurant business, from start to finish. Risks include economic hardships, people involved with the project, materials being used, etc. There are always risks, some can be foreseen and others cannot. It is important to understand that things do not always go according to plan and this may be something that the project manager will have to deal with.

The integration management plan includes all facets of the project that are interconnected (Project management knowledge, 2010). This plans details these facets and explains how they are connected. This important because it shows how these facets are cohesive and functional (Project management knowledge, 2010).

The project manager may have to deal with individuals that do not understand why a certain aspect of the project is important. For instance, with opening a restaurant, the project will include plans for taking part in charity endeavors. The integration plan will explain how it is important for the business to give back to community, so all aspects of the project must be completed before the grand opening date.

Next there is procurement management plan. This plan allows for the team to determine what must be procured early in the project cycle (Project management knowledge, 2010). This plan basically states what is needed to begin, continue, and finish the project.

Unfortunately for the project manager this plan is not set in stone and may change many times over the duration of the project. Again the issue of the budget may arise. If funds are not available, the plan will change accordingly.

The human resources management plan will define each role of the project, and assign these roles to individual members of the team (Project management knowledge, 2010). Personal responsibilities regarding the project will be given to individual team members and also how reporting to other team members will take place (Project management knowledge, 2010). This is essential to the project.

Issues that may arise for the project when opening a business in regards to human resources can vary but be multiple. Issues include laziness, miscommunication, misunderstanding, and also basic unpleasantness between specific team members. This all has to be dealt with fairly and accurately.

The quality management plan is the final subcategory in the project plan. This plan outlines the methodology that will be used to complete the project (Project management knowledge, 2010). This methodology will ensure that the project meets the necessary standards and level of quality that is expected from the team (Project management knowledge, 2010). It is very important to the overall project.

The major problem that could arise for the project manager is that certain team members may attempt to cut corners in an effort to save time or money. In a restaurant, if the product is not quality it will hurt business. Product includes dishes, food items, and even hired staff members. This should all be in place when the project is finished. If the end product of the project lacks quality, the project manager may face reprimands at the very least.

A project is a onetime effort to accomplish a goal (All about project management, 2013). It produces a given result. The project plan outlines goals, objectives, responsibilities, and outcomes. It is very important when planning for a business opening that the project plan is detailed and aligns with all nine subcategories included in the plan.

All about project management . (2013). Retrieved April 30, 2013, from Free management library: http://www.managementhelp.org

Haughey, D. (2013). Project planning a step by step guide . Retrieved April 30, 2013, from Project smart: http://www.projectsmart.co.uk

Project management knowledge . (2010). Retrieved April 30, 2013, from Project management knowledge: http:www.project-management-knowledge.com

Project planning: stakeholder analysis . (2013). Retrieved April 30, 2013, from JISC: http://www.jisc.ac.uk

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Subject Material

How to Write a Project Paper

Organizing the Project Paper

The project paper must have an introduction, a main body and a conclusion. Before you start the writing process, you should make a detailed outline.

Introduction

The introduction must describe what the paper will be about and clearly state the approach to the topic as a question or statement. (thesis question (Am.)) The question/statement must be linked to at least one competence aim in the English curriculum and be addressable in about 1800 to 2000 words. The introduction must also present how you chose to solve the task i.e. what method(s) you have used to investigate the question/statement. What you write in the introduction will be decisive for what you write in the rest of the project paper.

When you have stated your question/statement and explained how you will solve the task, you can start writing the main body of the project paper. The main body of the paper is your attempt to answer your question/statement. You should present and build up a structured argument about the research. By analyzing and interpreting the sources you have chosen to include in the paper, and supporting your arguments by referring to your sources, you are to reach your own personal conclusion with regards to the question/statement in the introduction. During the writing process, it is important to reread the introduction to be certain that you have accomplished what you set out to do. If you have not, you may choose to edit the introduction so that it matches the main body of the paper.

It is important to use correct terminology when you are writing. It increases the level of accuracy, and thus the standard of the paper. Where it is relevant, you may include illustrations and tables.

The conclusion should summarize the findings from the main body of the paper, and answer the question/statement. The conclusion should not come as a surprise to the reader, but be consistent with the arguments you have used. In some cases, the conclusion will raise new questions, which you can include to show that you have good insight into the topic you have chosen to write about.

Formal Presentation

We suggest that the length of the project paper should be between 1800 and 2000 words. The word count must be included in the paper and placed after the conclusion. The word count should not include the cover sheet, table of contents, illustrations or list of sources.

The project paper should be written using formal language. It should be in A4-format, include a coversheet, a table of contents, and a list of sources, in addition to the actual project paper. The coversheet is to include the title of the paper, your name, the subject, the name of the school, and the year. The title does not have to be identical to the question/statement about your approach to the topic. The table of contents should be placed immediately after the cover sheet, and include page numbers.

The left margin should be 3 cm, and the right margin 2.5 cm. Top and bottom margins should be 2.5 cm. The cover sheet is to be page 1, but there should be no page number written on the cover sheet. The page numbers can be placed at the bottom of the pages, either centered or at the right margin.

Paragraphs should all be treated identically in the research paper. Should you choose to show the start of a new paragraph by having an empty line above the new paragraph, you have to do that consistently throughout the paper (block paragraphs). Should you choose to use the tab to change the left margin every time you start a new paragraph, then that is how all paragraphs should be started (Indented paragraphs).

The font should be 12. Ariel or Times New Roman is a good font. Use line spacing 1.5. The bottom text should state the title of your paper.

Correct Use of Sources

It is important that you use the information you gather in an independent way. You should never pretend that something someone else has written was written by you. That is called plagiarism. That is why it is important that you cite and reference your sources correctly, so that the reader can find the sources you have used.

There are several methods for citing your sources. We have chosen the Harvard method for citations and list of sources.

Direct Quotations

If the quotation is shorter than three lines, then the quotation is to be placed within your text and marked with quotation marks. It can look like this: Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text "Quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote" (Author, Year, Page). Text Text Text Text Text.
A quotation that exceeds three lines, should be placed in its own paragraph. A long quotation should be in single-spaced lines, to clearly show that it is a quotation. For a long quotation, you should not use quotation marks: Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote (Author, Year, Page). Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text.

Indirect Quotations

If you use information from another source, but rewrite the text so that it is not a direct quotation, you will still need to cite the source. The indirect quotation should not be shown in any other way but by the reference, i.e. without quotation marks or any other graphical stress: Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text (Author, Year, Page). Text Text Text Text Text Text Text.

How to Write a List of Sources

The list of sources should start on a new page at the end of the document. Note that the list of sources is not to be grouped according to the type of source, but should be organized alphabetically by the author's last name. Still, dependeing on type of source, the sources will differ in format. A novel for instance will be listed in a different format than an article.

You will find more information about sources here: Use, Evaluate and Cite Sources of Information .

Evaluation Criteria

The following table suggests evaluation criteria for a project paper and can be printed out as a Word document.

Evaluation Criteria for Project Paper (DOCX)

Cite or use

Learning content.

Non-Fiction and Vocational Texts

Professor Martin Irvine: Course Resources

Whatever you can do, we can do meta..

Final Essay Project

The final essay project.

The final essay project for the seminar combines the well-established format of the research paper with the affordances of Web media. The final essay can be the key learning project i n a graduate course , enabling you to synthesize concepts, methods, and approaches in your own way, and the essay will be used to evaluate how you can work the major topics and concepts of the seminar.

You will follow the argumentative essay structure for presenting your argument and hypotheses with the evidence, examples, research data, and cases that you can interpret and analyze to support your points and overall thesis. ( Disciplines and sciences vary in the specifics of expected form, but follow the same expectations for argument and interpretation.) Unlike using a flat text, however, you will also be able to support your argument and ideas with “rich media” content for references, links, and embedded media (images, graphics, video, music).

What you are NOT Doing

You are not writing a “blog post” or a Wiki article . (WordPress is our content platform, not a blog.)

What You are Doing in the Final Essay

Like all research papers, your essay must be motivated by a research question or thesis with your own argument and interpretive framework supported by evidence, examples, cases and/or research data.

It’s always good to begin with the motive to figure something out, go deeper into the research, problems, questions, and interpretive frameworks for a topic that we began exploring in the seminar.

In your Bibliography or Works Cited / Works Consulted at the end, document all sources, references, and background on your topic, examples, and evidence. Your reference “bibliography” can include any relevant form of media that supports your argument. (Use embedded media only to support your argument or as key examples in your research.)

General Instructions

Using the approaches, theories, and methods in the seminar, develop a topic for an extended essay with examples or cases to interpret or apply your ideas. Your essay should present evidence and argument that draws on the research literature(s) of the relevant fields. Interdisciplinary work requires a statement of methods being used and combined.

In developing your thinking as a graduate student, it’s especially important to work out your own synthesis of theories, methods, approaches, and concepts that allow you to make discoveries and connect your work the larger conversation and questions that define the research communities you participate in.

Your essay should be about the equivalent of about 15 pages of traditional writing, and with a fully developed set of references and links to relevant sources. Be as creative as possible with the Web environment of your essay.

Required Structure for Presenting Your Argument

For the structure of your argument in a professional research essay (in any format), refer to my Writing to be Read: A Rhetoric For Writing in the Post-Digital Era . Follow the guidelines there for a successful structure to the presentation of your argument and research. This is the main required structure:

Abstract: Most journal articles in all fields now require an abstract for a summary view of main points and findings. It’s good practice to get into the habit of writing an abstract for every paper. (Writing the abstract comes toward the end of the research and writing process for a project, and will help clarify your thinking and tighten up the written presentation.) In 5-6 sentences, state your (1) your research question in a brief context of the field(s) you are working in; (2) your main point(s) or hypothesis, (3) key concepts, methods, and/or approaches you use; (4) the evidence, examples, and/or research data you will interpret.
Introduction: establishing your topic and approach, stating your research question, and your main thesis [what the essay is about]. It’s good practice to summarize your main sources and methods that provide the framework for your thesis. Your thesis is a summary of your conclusion.
Main body of the essay: paragraphs organized to support your argument with analysis, interpretation of cases, examples and/or evidence.
Conclusion: wrap up your main point and significance of your work, how it connects to questions in the field you are working in.
List of Web sources and links (you can combine with the whole bibliography if preferred)
Bibliography, References, or Works Cited/Consulted List: all the relevant materials you have considered or want to reference to support your essay in a standard citation style (see below).

References and Citations

Like all research papers, you must use research sources that would be recognized in the field. This means, you cannot cite or quote Wikipedia articles or a non-specialist’s personal blog as references. (Wikipedia may be OK for basic fact checking, but it is not a primary source for research.)

Use the documentation format of either the humanities or social sciences. Refer to the following online guide for a quick summary of citation styles:

Diana Hacker’s Bedford-St. Martins Guide (good guide to MLA or APA citation styles)
Georgetown University Library Citation Guides

The Web Space for Your Essay

To set up your essay, simply create a new “post” and choose the “Final Essay” Category for your final project. Read other students’ essays from earlier semesters for good models: the essays that stand out will be those with a good structure to the argument and good use of research material and sources. You may also find references that you can use in your own research.

Using and Maintaining Your Essay After You Finish the Course

Your essay and the fixed URL for your page will remain available for reference, for linking (blogs, social media), and for job or academic applications in the future. You will be able to update and revise your essay for as long as you have access to the Georgetown Digital Commons with your GU NetID and password.

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Project planning |
6 steps for writing a persuasive projec ...

6 steps for writing a persuasive project proposal

A project proposal is a written document outlining everything stakeholders should know about a project, including the timeline, budget, objectives, and goals. Your project proposal should summarize your project details and sell your idea so stakeholders buy in to the initiative. In this guide, we’ll teach you how to write a project proposal so you can win approval and succeed at work.

All projects have creation stories, but they don’t start with someone declaring, “Let there be resources!” To move forward with a project, teams must submit a proposal to decision-makers within their organization or to external stakeholders.

What is a project proposal?

A project proposal is a written document outlining everything stakeholders should know about a project, including the timeline, budget, objectives , and goals. Your project proposal should summarize your project details and sell your idea so stakeholders feel inclined to get involved in the initiative.

The goal of your project proposal is to:

Secure external funding

Allocate company resources to your project

Gain stakeholder buy-in

Build momentum and excitement

Project proposals vs. project charters vs. business cases

Project proposals and project charters serve different purposes in the project creation process, and it’s important to understand the difference between the two. While a project proposal takes place in the initiation phase of the project, the project charter takes place in the planning phase.

As mentioned above, a project proposal is a persuasive document meant to convince stakeholders why the project should be carried out. A project charter is a reference document that defines project objectives, and it can’t be created until the project proposal is approved.

People also confuse the business case with the project proposal, but the business case also comes after the proposal. Once the project is approved through a proposal, a business case may be used to secure additional funding for the project.

Types of project proposals

There are six types of proposals you may encounter as a project manager, and understanding the different formats can be useful as you write yours. Each type has a different goal.

Solicited: You’ll send solicited proposals in response to a Request for Proposal (RFP). An RFP announces a project in detail and asks for bids from qualified teams. Because you’re competing against other companies for this type of proposal, you must do thorough research and write persuasively.

Unsolicited: You’ll send unsolicited proposals without an RFP, meaning no one asked for your proposal. In this case, you won’t be up against other companies or teams, but you’ll still need to be persuasive because you have no knowledge of whether the stakeholder you’re pitching to needs you.

Informal: You may have a client send you an informal request for a project proposal, in which case you can respond with your project pitch. Because this isn’t an official RFP, the rules are less concrete.

Renewal: You’ll send renewals to existing clients in hopes that they’ll extend their services with your organization. In this type of project proposal, the goal is to emphasize past results your team has produced for the client and persuade them you can produce future results.

Continuation: You’ll send continuations as a reminder to a stakeholder letting them know the project is beginning. In this project proposal, you’ll simply provide information about the project instead of persuading the stakeholder.

Supplemental: Similar to a continuation proposal, you’ll send a supplemental proposal to a stakeholder already involved in your project. In this type of proposal, you’re letting the stakeholder know the project is beginning, while also asking for additional resources. You should persuade the stakeholder to contribute more to the project in this proposal.

The tone of voice and content of your project proposal will differ based on the type of proposal you’re sending. When you know your project goals, you can write your proposal accordingly.

How to write a project proposal

These step-by-step instructions apply to most project proposals, regardless of type. You’ll need to customize your proposal for the intended audience, but this project proposal outline can serve as a reference to ensure you’re including the key components in your document.

1. Write an executive summary

The executive summary serves as the introduction to your project proposal. Similar to a report abstract or an essay introduction, this section should summarize what’s coming and persuade the stakeholder to continue reading. Depending on the complexity of your project, your executive summary may be one paragraph or a few paragraphs.

Your executive summary should include:

The problem your project plans to solve

The solution your project provides for that problem

The impact your project will have

You should only address these items briefly in your executive summary because you’ll discuss these topics in more detail later in your proposal.

2. Explain the project background

In this section, you’ll go into the background of the project. Use references and statistics to convince your reader that the problem you’re addressing is worthwhile.

Some questions to include are:

What is the problem your project addresses?

What is already known about this problem?

Who has addressed this problem before/what research is there?

Why is past research insufficient at addressing this problem?

You can also use this section to explain how the problem you hope to solve directly relates to your organization.

3. Present a solution

You just presented a problem in the project background section, so the next logical step in proposal writing is to present a solution. This section is your opportunity to outline your project approach in greater detail.

Some items to include are:

Your vision statement for the project

Your project schedule , including important milestones

Project team roles and responsibilities

A risk register showing how you’ll mitigate risk

The project deliverables

Reporting tools you’ll use throughout the project

You may not have all these items in your proposal format, but you can decide what to include based on the project scope . This section will likely be the longest and most detailed section of your proposal, as you’ll discuss everything involved in achieving your proposed solution.

4. Define project deliverables and goals

Defining your project deliverables is a crucial step in writing your project proposal. Stakeholders want to know what you’re going to produce at the end of your project, whether that’s a product, a program, an upgrade in technology, or something else. As the stakeholder reads through your vision, this will be the section where they say, “Aha, this is what they’ll use my resources for.”

When defining your deliverables, you should include:

The end product or final objective of your project

A project timeline for when deliverables will be ready

SMART goals that align with the deliverables you’re producing

While it’s important to show the problem and solution to your project, it’s often easier for stakeholders to visualize the project when you can define the deliverables.

5. List what resources you need

Now that you’ve outlined your problem, approach, solution, and deliverables, you can go into detail about what resources you need to accomplish your initiative.

In this section, you’ll include:

Project budget : The project budget involves everything from the supplies you’ll need to create a product to ad pricing and team salaries. You should include any budget items you need to deliver the project here.

Breakdown of costs: This section should include research on why you need specific resources for your project; that way, stakeholders can understand what their buy-in is being used for. This breakdown can also help you mitigate unexpected costs.

Resource allocation plan : You should include an overview of your resource allocation plan outlining where you plan to use the specific resources you need. For example, if you determine you need $50,000 to complete the project, do you plan to allocate this money to salaries, technology, materials, etc.

Hopefully, by this point in the proposal, you’ve convinced the stakeholders to get on board with your proposed project, which is why saving the required resources for the end of the document is a smart strategic move.

6. State your conclusion

Finally, wrap up your project proposal with a persuasive and confident conclusion. Like the executive summary, the conclusion should briefly summarize the problem your project addresses and your solution for solving that problem. You can emphasize the impact of your project in the conclusion but keep this section relevant, just like you would in a traditional essay.

Tips for writing an effective project proposal

Following the steps listed above will ensure your project proposal has all the right elements. But if you want to impress your readers and win their approval, your writing must shine. In addition to the above, a project proposal includes:

Know your audience

As you write your proposal, keep your audience (i.e. the stakeholders) in mind at all times. Remember that the goal of the proposal is to win your audience over, not just to present your project details. For example, if you’re creating a new editing tool for a children’s publishing house, can you determine whether your stakeholders are parents and appeal to their emotional side when persuading them to buy in to your product?

Be persuasive

Persuasion is important in a project proposal because you’re hoping your audience will read your proposal and do something for you in return. If your reader isn’t intrigued by your project, they won’t feel inclined to help you. If you describe your editing tool but don’t mention the many features it will offer, how it will benefit clients, and its positive impact in the industry, your audience will wonder, “Why should I care about this project?”

Keep it simple

While you should go into detail on your problem, approach, and solution, you shouldn’t make your project proposal overly complex. This means you can discuss the project plan for your proposed editing tool without discussing what codes the engineers will use to make each feature work.

Do your research

A successful project proposal includes thorough research. Be prepared to back up your problem—and solution—with reputable sources, case studies, statistics, or charts so you don’t leave your audience with questions. When writing your proposal, put yourself in the reader’s shoes and ask:

Why is this a problem?

How is this a solution to the problem?

Has anyone addressed this problem before?

What are the project costs?

If you can answer these questions, then you’ve likely done enough research to support your proposed initiative.

Use project management tools to strengthen your project proposal

Good project proposals require team collaboration . With the right management tools, your team can communicate, share information, and work together on one shared document.

When you store all your project information in one place, it’s easy to access that data when you need it. Project proposals stem from well-organized and properly planned projects, which is why project management software is a key resource to effectively write a project proposal. Ready to get started? Try Asana .

Related resources

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Essay Database >
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Essays on Project

6179 samples on this topic

On this page, we've put together a database of samples regarding Project. The plan is to provide you with a sample similar to your Project essay topic so that you could have a closer look at it in order to grasp a better idea of what a brilliant academic work should look like. You are also urged to implement the best Project writing practices displayed by expert authors and, eventually, create a top-notch paper of your own.

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The employees will be taught on the use of radio frequency identification tags in the management of inventory at Walmart. The employees will also be taught in the differences between the radio frequency identification technology and the barcode technology that is used at the till (Christiansen, 2016). More importantly, they will be taught about the placement of the radio frequency tags on the various inventory items, how the tags can be used to track the movement of the items in an out of the warehouses and sales floors, and how to write the tags (Christiansen, 2016).

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Interview Project The Purpose of the interview is to determine the client’s issues in terms of constant headaches and evident problems in sleeping. Besides, the client’s belief in stress being the issue needs confirmation or be refuted (Friesen, 2010).

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Executive Summary: Eliminating Discharge Delays Bed capacity has emerged as a critical issue in hospital quality management with evidence indicating that inefficient discharges contribute to slow care and patient flow while further increasing costs. Changes made to the prospective payment system by Medicare in recent years have increased pressure on hospitals to cut costs through, among other ways, reducing patient length of stay (LOS) (El-Eid et al., 2015).

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The main purpose of any project is to finish it and benefit from it. Unfortunately, not all of the projects are tend to be successful. Very often a lot of danger signs appear during the projects implementation. In his book, Johnson describes several Ethical Danger Signs upon detection of which any project should be reviewed. According to Johnson, there are five main Ethical Danger Signs: groupthink, mismanaged agreement, escalating commitment, excessive control, moral exclusion.

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The depreciation rate as used in the table is provided by the American house of Congress. Tax rate incurred on a new project as per IRS rates is 50% as of 2017 If the company owns assets that could otherwise be sold in case the project is rejected, these will appear in the table as opportunity cost

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The straight line depreciation uses a steady value of 25%

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Ahead of the Curve: How PEG™ Has Led Automated Scoring for Years

What is peg™.

PEG, or Project Essay Grade, is the automated scoring system at the core of ERB Writing Practice. It was invented in the 1960s by Ellis Batten Page, a former high school English teacher, who spent “many long weekends sifting through stacks of papers wishing for some help.” His guiding principles? 1) the more we write, the better writer we become, and 2) computers can grade as reliably as their human counterparts (Page, 2003). The state of computers at the time of Page’s invention did not leave much room for automation, so PEG lay dormant until the mid-1980s. Given that Page’s two principles are still as relevant today as they were then, PEG was given new life in the 1990s scoring essays for NAEP, Praxis, and GRE testing programs when computerization became feasible. PEG was eventually acquired by ERB’s longtime partner, Measurement Inc., and continues to evolve and find new uses today.

The foundational concept of automated scoring is that good writing can be predicted . PEG and other systems require training essays that have human scores, and these systems use such essays to create scoring (or prediction) models. The models typically include 30-40 features, or variables, within a set of essays that predict human ratings. Typical examples of such variables include sentence length, use of higher-level vocabulary, and grammar. In most instances, the combination of these variables yields correlations with human raters in the mid .80s on a scale of 0-1, which is a high level of prediction accuracy—one that is typically higher than correlations between different human raters and themselves. Once the model is trained, the automated scoring system “reads” subsequent essays, quantifies values for them on each variable in the model, and uses the prediction model to score the essay.

Despite the proven accuracy of automated scoring systems, a common criticism is that the scores such systems produce lack an understanding of the meaning of a student-written essay. Humans can rate the quality of an idea or the strength of an argument in ways that computers cannot, even if such ratings can be idiosyncratic and inconsistent at times. While that criticism is valid, the 30-40 variables used by PEG represent the traits and skills of good writing, and thus are extremely relevant to budding writers who need feedback to learn how to improve their writing as they practice. To balance out the automated PEG feedback, ERB Writing Practice also includes options for users to collect feedback from peers and/or teachers. Teachers can give quick, quantitative ratings on how effectively students used textual evidence as well as how accurate the content of their writing is in relation to a given prompt topic.

When PEG was first used operationally, its focus was on predicting scores holistically; that is, recovering the overall writing score a human assigned the essay. Over time, scoring evolved to provide feedback on unique traits of effective writing, and different scoring algorithms were developed for distinct genres. Today, PEG provides scores on six characteristics of writing and uses separate models for three genres: argumentative, informational/explanatory, and narrative. The six characteristics of effective writing that PEG provides scores on are outlined below (learn more at support.wpponline.com ).

Development of Ideas — The writer’s presentation of supportive details and information pertinent to support their idea.
Organization — The writer’s overall plan (coherence) and internal weaving together of ideas (cohesion).
Style — The use of strong word choices and varied sentence constructions to establish a unique voice that connects with the audience.
Word choice — The appropriate use of advanced vocabulary, precision, and application of vocabulary to an essay.
Sentence fluency — The use of complex and varied sentences to skillfully create a smooth flow of ideas.
Conventions — Conventions include grammar, usage, pronoun reference, consistency in number and person, and mechanics (spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and paragraphing).

The strong reliability of PEG scoring for different genres has also enabled teachers to introduce their prompts for automated essay scoring. When teachers do so, they can select the PEG model that aligns with the genre of their writing prompt, ensuring more nuanced automated scoring.

Since the advent of PEG, other automated essay scoring systems have been launched, and research has been conducted. In a recent study conducted by the National Center of Education Statistics, PEG was shown to be the most accurate among automated scoring alternatives at scoring prompts developed for The Nation’s Report Card (NCES, 2022). Research has also focused on the efficacy of writing practice with PEG scoring. An important study found that after “controlling for students’ initial writing quality and the amount they used PEG writing, students who used PEG produced higher quality essays at the end of the intervention … 22% higher than those who didn’t” (Palermo, 2018).

So what does this all mean for ERB members?

Our purpose at ERB is to provide member schools with scientifically developed measures they can use to understand gaps in curriculum and instruction, as well as specific areas where students can improve. ERB Writing Practice is a new program that provides students and educators with a steady stream of reliable data they can use to target improvements to individual writing. It addresses the enormous time commitment for teachers of grading papers by hand. ERB Writing Practice also has the evidence to support its efficacy to improve their writing. These benefits open many opportunities for students to write more, and in doing so, become better writers.

Page, E. B. (2003). Project Essay Grade: PEG. In Automated Scoring: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective (edited by M. Shermis and J. Burstein). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Palermo, C. (2018). Research student finds using PEG writing helps students write higher quality essays. Retrieved August 12, 2022 from: https://measurementinc.com/news/research-study-finds-using-peg-writing-helps-students-write-higher-quality-essays .

NCES. (January 21, 2022). Four Teams Win Top Prize in Automated Scoring Challenge for The Nation’s Report Card. Retrieved August 12, 2022 from: https://nces.ed.gov/whatsnew/press_releases/1_21_2022.asp

Contact your Member Services Director or Submit a request form if you have questions about ERB Writing Practice.

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600 EPQ Ideas – The Ultimate List For an A*

So, this is it. You’ve decided to do an EPQ and now you’re sitting at a blank computer screen with the entire spectrum of human knowledge at your disposal. You could write about any topic on any subject in the dizzying realms of the known universe. But there’s just one problem… how do you begin?

An EPQ (Extended Project Qualification) allows A-Level students to write either a 5,000 word essay on any question or subject of their choice. Alternatively, students can create an artefact or product, and write a shorter essay explaining it. The EPQ is equivalent to half an A-Level.

EPQs are a fantastic way of proving to universities that you are the best prospective student for them, and that you deserve a place on one of their courses. An EPQ requires a huge amount of independent research (which proves that you can handle university-style work) and allows you to showcase your original thoughts and academic rigour, which is exactly what universities are looking for.

Even more importantly, an EPQ counts for extra UCAS points . This means that if you don’t get the grades you expect at A-Level, a strong EPQ grade could help you meet the conditions of a university place offer. Feeling inspired now? We’ve got 600 EPQ ideas for multiple different subjects, to get those ideas rolling.

What are some top EPQ ideas for a guaranteed A*?

Some strong EPQ ideas for a guaranteed A* are specific and original topics like “Should parents be allowed to genetically change their child’s gender” for an EPQ in medicine, and “Is the media making suicide aspirational?”, for a psychology EPQ.

You could also consider EPQ questions like, “Was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki justified?” for History, and “Should we legalise human organ trade?” for Economics.

We’ve got a list of 600 EPQ ideas for a guaranteed A*, so scroll down and get inspired. We’ve searched all over the internet and interviewed students to get the most pressing topics for each subject. You should just use these EPQ ideas to give you an idea of what you could research, and it’s up to you to come up with your own title.

EPQ Ideas For Medicine

Is gene therapy ethical?
Should parents be allowed to genetically alter their child’s gender?
Can cannabis use in adolescence cause schizophrenia?
To what extent does the sugar tax reduce sugar consumption in the UK?
Why are the death-rates from Covid-19 worse in places with higher air pollution?
Why does emetophobia primarily affect women?
Could the legalisation of cannabis improve mental health?
Should we allow only UK citizens to use the NHS?
Can plastic surgery ever solve body dysmorphic disorder?
Do care home environments worsen the affects of Dementia and Alzheimer’s?
What are the links between obesity and parents criticizing their children’s bodies?
If a woman who wanted a child freezes her eggs and then happens to die, should a relative be allowed to use her eggs to conceive a child?
Is it right that mothers of Down’s syndrome babies are allowed to abort them up until birth?
Are anti-depressants a quick fix problem in an overwhelmed healthcare system?
Should the NHS provide IVF for women over 40?
To what extent are Black women discriminated against when giving birth?
Should counsellors have a qualification in psychology before being allowed to practice?
Why are girls so chronically misdiagnosed when it comes to autism?
Did the ancient Egyptians have a comprehensive understanding of mental health and illness?
Could electroshock therapy be the most effective method of treating depression?
Should we prioritise ICU places to people with children and dependents?
What are the similarities between Reactive Attachment Disorder and Autism?
A study of medical practices in North Korea
A comparison of different cancer treatments: surgical removals and chemotherapy to immunotherapies.
Is hypnotherapy ever a viable anaesthetic for surgery?

Students interested in taking medicine further should consider studying at one of our award winning Medicine Summer Schools to strengthen their application.

EPQ Ideas for Psychology

Is the media making suicide aspirational for young people?
To what extent does having social workers intervene in a family affect a child’s life outcomes?
Is talking therapy nearly ineffective for treating panic disorder?
Should children be allowed to decide if they can be taken into care?
Are the children of alcoholics more likely to become hoarders?
Is there a link between undiagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and alcoholism?
Can non-violent psychopaths have successful relationships?
Given how they change behaviour, should advertising and marketing be made illegal?
How has social media altered our brains since its inception?
Does the Stanford Prison Experiment prove that we should promote rehabilitation over punitive incarceration?
Are attachment issues in neglected children irreversible?
Can unschooling be classed as child neglect?
Can authoritarian parenting styles lead to overeating in adulthood?
Is technology making us more depressed?
Do gender-neutral toys lead to children with less stereotypical views of gender roles?
Can music help ease the effects of Dementia?
What are the long term effects of bullying?
Can studying people’s behaviours pre-suicide help prevent suicide?
Should crime-predicting algorithms be banned for their bias?
A study of the effects of living in an overcrowded household during Covid-19 lockdown.
Do memories alter when we recall them?
How does intergenerational trauma effect cortisol levels?
Do the negative affects of racism begin in the womb?
What can Savant Syndrome tell us about the multi-faceted nature of intelligence?
Do all humans have some level of body dysmorphia?

EPQ ideas for Law

Should defendants be allowed to represent themselves?
Is the internet an ungovernable wilderness when it comes to Law?
Why secret trials are a form of abuse
Should CCTV be made illegal?
Is the use of juries inevitably flawed when it comes to reaching a just verdict?
Should mass media be banned from high profile investigations?
Should we replace juries with AI-powered robots?
Should Donald Trump go to prison?
Could the police be classed as a gang in America?
How we can stop criminalising victims of sex trafficking.
Should we bring back the death penalty?
How much should a child’s desire to live with one parent or another affect the court’s decision?
Should people who see child abuse but don’t report it be subject to the law?
Should male partners sue their female partners for abortion?
Should organ donation be mandatory for everyone?
When should one country legally intervene in another, when it comes to human rights abuses?
Should marriage be banned until the age of 21?
Should lie detector results be legalised in UK courts?
Could the government be legally obliged to pay women for their unpaid labour that contributes to the economy?
If embryos are capable of feelings and sensations, should abortion be forbidden at any stage?
Should minors trafficked to the UK from a dangerous country or situation be given immediate residency?
Could euthanasia be legalised, whether or not someone is critically ill and close to death?
Should parents be legally obliged to leave money to their children?
Should the inheritance tax be abolished?
Should people with dual citizenship automatically receive diplomatic protection from both countries?

Students interested in becoming a lawyer should consider studying at one of our Law Summer Schools on campus at top UK and US universities.

EPQ ideas for primary school teaching

Should boys receive exclusive lessons on feminism in primary school?
How can we teach primary school students about internet safety?
How can we teach primary school students about their rights over their own bodies?
Is the way we teach obesity in school harmful to overweight or obese children?
Is the Education system indoctrinating students?
The importance of girls in primary school having role models in STEM.
Why banning mobile phones in school does more harm than good.
Why our education system fails to pick up students with dyspraxia.
Why we should allow students to move around the classroom as they learn.
Is the Montessori childrearing method of any use in mainstream primary school?
Should every school have access to a Forest School?
Why primary schools should teach skills such as cooking and home management to every child.
Are school uniforms too institutionalising for children?
Should school uniforms be enforced as a way of giving children routine?
The importance of failing well.
Should school be only three days a week?
Should children be able to choose what subjects they want to study at any time?
How exams unfairly disadvantage girls in primary school.
Should we abolish sets in primary school?
How can we teach healthy eating to children?
How can we teach anti-racism to primary school students?
A study of anxiety disorders in primary school students due to Covid-19.
How the education system can better accommodate students with high-functioning autism.
Why we need a better understanding of selective mutism in primary school.
Should primary schools in the UK become bilingual to enhance language learning?

EPQ ideas for Secondary School Teaching

Should school start and end later for teenagers?
Why students should never have to ask to go the bathroom.
Could a four day school week improve mental health among secondary school students?
Is the secondary school curriculum creative enough?
Why we should be teaching healthy communication to secondary school students.
Should parents be allowed to choose for their children not to receive sex education?
Should sports be compulsory at secondary school?
When does strict teaching become bullying?
Should modern languages be compulsory at secondary school?
Could Pathological Demand Avoidance explain why students who are bright aren’t meeting their potential?
Should we ban school uniform in secondary school?
Should we decolonise the secondary school curriculum?
Are their enough teachers of colour in secondary schools?
What is the effect of divorce on a student’s learning and development?
How to narrow the technology poverty gap among secondary school students.
How to create educational support for looked-after children.
How does having less money than your peers affect your identity as a secondary school student?
The effects of overcrowded and poor housing on educational attainment.
The effects of homelessness and insecure housing on educational attainment.
What effect does the assessment and exam structure in UK schools have on students’ mental health?
Are exams an unfair form of assessment for students with a specific learning difficulty like dyslexia or dyspraxia?
How does ADHD link to cleverness and giftedness in students?
Is our method of diagnosing autism in students informed enough?
How can we tackle perfectionism and fear of failure in female students?
Do exams unfairly advantage boys, and why?

EPQ ideas for Biology

Why we don’t have enough evidence for evolution.
Is Covid-19 more deadly than Ebola?
Are animals as intelligent as humans?
Is abortion murder?
Is homosexuality genetic or social?
What can the oldest living creature on earth teach us about biological immortality?
Does incest always create biological issues?
The use of parasites in weight loss attempts
How long would it take you to die if you ate the same thing and nothing else for years?
What causes diseases in trees?
Could we ever grow food on walls?
If your spouse died, what would the ethical implications be of cloning them?
A study on identity crises in identical twins.
Is obesity a genetic issue?
How does sepsis attack the body?
Will artificial hearts ever be a viable solution to chronic heart problems?
Could brain transplants ever be a viable option?
How do certain drugs affect cellular interactions?
A study of courting behaviours in different species.
How did different cellular mechanisms regulate different physiological processes?
Is obesity a modern phenomenon?
Can gene therapy cure Cystic Fibrosis?
Can gut microbiota influence host appetite?
What is the impact of invasive species on ecosystems?
What is the biology of laughter?

EPQ Ideas for History

Why poor dental hygiene in the middle ages was a myth.
Was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Justified?
Is it right to topple the statues of slave owners, in order to erase history?
Who does history belong to?
Why did the USA join World War Two so late?
How have male and female romantic relationships changed over time?
How has the role of marriage changed over time?
Should a country be allowed to teach its own history?
How did the British Empire expand so much?
Should museums return all their historical artefacts to their country of origin?
Were the Suffragettes the biggest force in women getting the vote?
Is religious warfare ever Justified?
How medieval fashion influences our outfits today
Was Anne Boleyn the main reason that Henry VII left the Catholic church?
Did Henry VII suffer from a genetic disease that prevented him from conceiving healthy children?
Why do we hold on to so many myths in History?
A study of propaganda in History textbooks in UK history.
Why is History important to the future?
To what extent did the purchase of commissions affect the fighting power of the British army between 1760-1860?
What is the validity of historical fiction and romance?
How did secret churches operate in Mao’s China?
How did 19th Century attitudes towards madness affect society’s treatment of ‘hysterical’ women?
What is the holocaust’s relationship with literature?
Were the liquidators who helped clean up the Chernobyl explosion used as human collateral?
How did the pill help women’s liberation?

EPQ Ideas For Economics

From an economic perspective, should we legalise human organ trade?
Can an increase of wealth directly influence happiness levels?
Could stock analysts be replaced by artificial intelligence?
How do socio-economic factors determine someone’s health in adulthood?
Who is to blame for the 2008 financial crisis?
Is illicit trade with China the only factor preventing the North Korean economy from total collapse?
How would we recover economically if the internet ceased to exist?
How did the 2008 financial crisis make house buying impossible for the majority of millennials?
Is the poverty trap impossible to get out of?
Can we compare the trickle-down economy to a pyramid scheme?
Does a lack of wealth in childhood really hold you back in life?
Is the gig economy leading to job insecurity a myth?
To what extent does women’s unpaid labour prop up the UK economy?
How has Brexit affected the UK economy?
Should we legalise a Universal Basic Income?
How quickly did the UK economy recover from the effects of World War Two?
Are all socialist economies doomed to fail?
How would the legalisation of Marijuana affect the world economy?
How does a lack of free speech negatively affect China’s economy?
Should there be a minimum wage?
Should there be a maximum wage?
Should billionaires be allowed to exist?
How has the global demand for oil changed over time?
What effect does illegal immigration have on the UK economy?
Why a lack of childcare support for women hurts the economy.

EPQ Ideas for Business Studies

Should businesses expanding to developing countries be forced to pay their employees the same amount they would at home?
What does Foxconn show about the human cost of business?
How should we hold businesses to account for unethical behaviour?
Should we have a single, global currency?
How can companies become more eco-friendly?
Should we lower the corporate income tax?
Will Google kill the journalism industry?
Why apprenticeships should pay more
Why every business leader should take a course in empathy.
How successful is it when businesses rebrand?
Should companies interfere in their employees’ private lives?
How churches like Hillsong became multi-million pound businesses.
Should CEOs have a salary limit?
Is the American government a big business?
How has e-commerce affected bookshops?
Does corporate social responsibility have an impact on company sales and profits?
A study of businesswomen in the 18th Century
When do business marketing practices become unethical?
Should multi-million pound businesses have taken advantage of the government’s furlough scheme during the Covid-19 lockdown?
How do corporations influence politics?
Should a business ever own a town or city?
Start your own small business – perhaps on eBay or Etsy – and write your EPQ on an aspect of it.
Should private healthcare be allowed to exist?
Could marketing be considered a mass human experiment?
To what extent does colour effect audience response to branding and logos?

If you want to study economics, business or marketing to a higher level, consider joining Oxford Royale this summer for a Business Summer School .

EPQ Ideas for English Literature

The evil stepmothers in fairy tales were actually mothers in the original texts. What does this tell us about society’s anxieties and perspectives on motherhood?
To what extent is the state of Gilead in The Handmaid’s Tale based on real life?
Is writing an act of magic?
Can works of literature oppress their fictional, female characters?
Can the mistranslation of literature create a liminal world – a place that is not quite one thing and not quite another?
What does the rise of the digital book teach us about literature?
Can we ever ‘eat’ literature?
Do you need to be able to read and write to be an author?
Are stories living things?
Discuss the gender politics in George Eliot’s Middlemarch.
How is the sensory experience of dyslexia presented in literature?
Is English Literature considered a ‘feminine’ subject?
As an English student, is it your job to always work out what an author means?
Is the author dead?
Could journalists be replaced by AI-reporters?
Do we need to overhaul the literary canon?
Do we really need spelling and punctuation in literature?
Should mass media be allowed to be biased?
How helpful is the idea of literary genres to understanding a text?
How George Orwell hid his dissenting view of communism in Animal Farm.
Why learning to read is a human right.
Can a novel ever be timeless?
Does literary form exist just so that writers can subvert it?
Is rhythm in a poem a separate language?
Explore Plath’s portrayal of depression in The Bell Jar.

EPQ ideas for Art

Should Banksy be allowed to graffiti on walls?
Who decides the value of art, and should we standardise it?
Has photography always been a form of art?
To what extent is mathematics art?
Why do people consider art to be an easy subject?
Can art reverse the effects of mental illness?
Can anything be art?
Is all graffiti a form of art?
Why the common perception of medieval people being bad at art is misguided.
How does the commercialisation of the art industry change art itself?
How does the perception of a career in art as worthless affect the life choices of students?
Does an audience’s gaze change a piece of art?
Are art and beauty essentially related?
Is art supposed to be a visual and sensory experience, or something that we think about and define a meaning for?
Who decides that a piece of art is ‘good’?
Does art have a purpose?
Can art help fight climate change?
Why does it matter that children are exposed to art?
What is the effect of producing art on a child’s brain?
If nobody ever saw your artwork, would it be worth creating?
Does a piece of art necessarily have a relationship with its creator, or can it detach itself?
Is art a language?
What does the disdain for modern art teach us about people’s stereotypes of art?
Are philosophers artists?
Could the world itself count as a work of art?

EPQ Ideas for Foreign Languages

Where did language come from?
Do idioms prove that languages can never truly be translated?
Is body language universal across all countries?
Should everyone be made to learn sign language?
Why did Esperanto fail as a language policy?
Which is the hardest language to learn and why?
Do multi-lingual children grow up to be more economically successful?
Why does having dyspraxia make language learning difficult?
Should the whole world be made to speak one language?
How does an influx of immigration alter the language of a region?
What is the effect of trading on local dialects?
Should everyone be made to learn a foreign language at school?
What does the Korean language, when compared in North and South Korea, teach us about the evolution of language?
Is there such a thing as a ‘correct’ way of speaking a language, when languages never stop evolving with culture?
Could a language be classed as a living thing?
Why is English such a dominant language across the world?
Is Latin a dead language?
What caused the English language to evolve so drastically over time?
What is the hardest language to learn, and why?
What does baby-talk in different foreign countries teach us about the acquisition of language?
Why does China have several dialects, but only one alphabet?
Did grammar always exist?
What is the link between being good at maths and being good at language learning?
Why are young children such natural language learners?
Is learning a language cultural appropriation?

EPQ Ideas for Sport

How sports stars experience an identity crisis after they retire
Should soldiers be paid more than footballers?
How do psychological factors influence performance in sport?
What do fans react to their team winning a football match as though they won it themselves?
Are national and international sports a misuse of resources?
How does struggling with sports in primary school affect children’s self esteem?
Should women be allowed to compete against men in professional sports?
Is the ability to run fast purely a genetic advantage?
Why do we fail to take women’s sports seriously as a society?
Should children be forced to do sports in school?
How can the presence of media affect the outcome of a game?
Should referees be replaced by AI-powered robots, to decrease bias?
How does a lack of female representation in sport prevent girls from seeking it out as a career?
What is the effect of parents’ motivation a child’s enjoyment of sport?
What are the long term effects of the Olympics on the host country’s tourism?
How does a lack of ability at sports correlate to bullying?
Why do we have less interest in women’s sports?
A history of sport in pandemics
How does a long-term sports injury affect an athlete’s mental health?
Can a star athlete succeed without a coach?
Should cheerleaders be banned?
Is racism being taken seriously in sport?
Can you still be a top athlete with a poor diet?
Who decides when something is a sport?
Why is netball predominantly considered to be a sport for women?

EPQ Ideas for Architecture

How does the design of a building influence its inhabitants emotions?
Should city-dwellers without gardens be given free access to national parks at all times?
What is the link between Brutalist style architecture and anxiety and depression?
What is the link between mathematics and art in Architecture?
How is a building affected by the people who live in it?
How does the style of council housing feed into class stereotypes?
Can architecture cause social dysfunction?
Would smart cities be a breach of privacy?
Could we create a building the size of a city, to house an entire population?
Make an architectural model of a zero-carbon home and write an essay describing how its functions avoid the use of carbon.
Should the local government have the right to pull down a building if the community who live there oppose it?
Is it ethical to spend millions of pounds creating a building in a city with high levels of quality?
Were houses built in the 1930s of superior quality?
Should councils have been allowed to remove tenement dwellers from their homes in the post-war era, when the enforced move was traumatic?
Can we adapt Japanese smart space efficient buildings to western buildings?
What were the influences on architecture in China?
How did communism during Mao’s China change the country’s cityscapes?
How can we build environmentally-friendly housing in LEDCs?
Can zero carbon housing ever really exist?
Should public playgrounds exist for people of every age?
Was Grenfell tower a total architectural failure?
What house styles in different areas tell us about gender forms of the time.
How does technology affect architecture?
What was the effect of feminism on architecture?
Should houses worth over a million pounds be built with some benefit to the whole neighbourhood?

Join our Oxford Architecture Summer School for the chance to learn architecture amongst the dreaming spires of the city of Oxford.

EPQ ideas for Maths

Is the golden ratio a racist idea?
What is the maths behind cryptocurrencies?
What are the links between foreign language learning and maths?
What are the links between mathematics and art?
Has maths always existed?
How can we use statistical analysis to predict a child’s outcomes in life?
Should children be forced to take maths at A-Level in the UK?
Should maths be optional at secondary school in the UK?
Why do some people say that maths is beautiful?
Does money really exist?
An exploration of chaos theory.
Can maths explain how the universe came into existence?
How can calculations improve the safety of commuters who cycle in Oxford over the next 5 years?
Explore conflict and co-operation in The Prisoner’s Dilemma.
Which is more important, e or pi?
Can we calculate infinity?
An exploration of orbital mechanics.
Is maths a pointless subject if we don’t apply it to something?
Is learning Maths more important than learning English in primary school?
What was the role of maths in the code-breaking of Bletchley Park?
How do fractals work in modelling systems?
Can we reverse dyscalculia?
Can mathematical systems ever be illogical?
Did people discover maths?
Could maths ever prove the existence of a parallel universe?

Those keen on studying maths in the heart of the silicon valley can join our Mathematics programme for 15-18 year olds on campus at our Berkeley Summer School in 2024.

EPQ ideas for Physics

How does String Theory explain the universe?
How can physics help us prevent climate change?
What is the relationships between maths and physics?
What was the role of Mileva Maric Einstein, Albert Einstein’s wife, in his scientific findings?
Build a quadcopter with remote control.
How can emergency whistles be optimised for design and use in rural environments?
What would happen to the solar system when the sun dies?
How can physics help us provide electricity to parts of rural India?
Is time an illusion?
Discuss the different interpretations of quantum mechanics.
Could humans ever live on Mars?
Design and build a functioning robot.
How soon will we have flying cars?
What are some feasible methods for cleaning up space junk?
Where did the universe come from?
How can physics prove the existence of God?
How did Einstein’s theory of relativity influence Physics?
Now that NASA has confirmed there is water on the moon, could it be a feasible tourist destination?
Given their devastating effects, should we eliminate nuclear weapons from the earth?
What contributed to the Cleddau bridge disaster?
How can we solve the pay gap in the field of physics?
A study of star formation and star death.
Is time travel possible?
How far can humans realistically explore space?
Mathematical knot theory and its applications.

EPQ ideas for Chemistry

What was the impact of optical isomerism in the drug Thalidomide, which led to fetal abnormalities?
An assessment of the safety of fluoride in water.
To what extent did the government in Louisiana cover up the danger of the petrochemical plants in Louisiana’s ‘cancer alley’?
Should Aspartame (E951) be allowed in our food and drink?
When do chemicals become hallucinogens?
An assessment of hydrogen storage within Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs).
An extraction of limonene from citrus fruits.
Make a collection of esters that smell pleasant.
Will graphene have a significant influence on the future?
To what extent have inventions in Chemical Engineering impacted our lives?
As assessment of the total synthesis of natural products.
An experiment in polymer chemistry.
An assessment of molecular dynamics
An assessment of solid state structure
Could we ever create a plastic that decomposes?
A research project on hydrogen fuel cells
Why doesn’t plastic decompose?
What are the chemical processes behind purifying water?
An exploration of the chemistry behind food allergies in humans?
What are the chemicals involved in human attraction?
How does cortisol affect the human body?
Should pesticides be ethically permissible?
What are the advantages of computer aided fragment based drug design?
How can click chemistry be used to improve drug synthesis?
How has the discovery of pharmaceutical chemicals changed over the past 200 years?

EPQ ideas for Engineering

Should we teach Engineering in primary school?
Why is there a gender imbalance in Engineering, and how can we fix it?
Is there an oversaturation of engineers in India, and if so, why?
Was everything in the world built by an engineer?
Do we need to expand our definition of engineer?
Can Engineering solve the mystery of Malaysian Airlines flight 370?
Can Engineering explain the disappearance of Emilia Earhart?
Did Engineering faults contribute to the sinking of the titanic.
Build your own model plane, boat or high altitude balloon.
Could hot air balloons become a mainstream method of travel?
Discuss the hydraulics paradox.
How have innovations in airframe design increased safety in commercial aircraft?
How do architects and engineers collaborate?
Should we be allowed to develop robots that can mimic human emotion?
What would it mean for an engineer to be ethical when building something?
How has Civil Engineering changed over time?
How can chemical engineers improve energy efficiency?
How could alterations in chemical Engineering have prevented the Deepwater Horizon oil spill?
As assessment of the sustainability of London’s tube system.
How much of our countryside should we sacrifice for better transport links?
Will we have enough oil for future generations?
Would energy provided entirely by a wind farm system run the UK economy?
What are the reasons for the pay gap in Engineering, and how can we solve them?
How can we get pre-school children interested in Engineering?
Design a system to enhance plastic recycling.

Prospective engineers can join our Engineering Summer Schools for a two-week immersion in the core principles of the subject.

EPQ ideas for Computer Science

Why we should teach children how to code at the same time we teach them to write.
Create a website design and code it.
Is one coding language superior to another?
How can we reduce computer illiteracy in poorer areas?
Why internet access is a human right.
Are AI-driven robots responsible for their own actions?
Are Ai-assessed job interviews inevitably biased?
How soon will handwriting become totally irrelevant?
Are companies upskilling fast enough to cope with the digital demands of Covid-19?
It’s more important to learn to code than to learn to write
Is Computer Science a more relevant subject than Physics?
How will quantum computers change our way of life?
Should silicon valley companies be criminalised for our widespread addiction to technology?
What would happen if all technology was wiped out?
Will we ever be able to search Google through a microchip in our brains?
What new jobs will Ai create in the next ten years?
What is increased automation doing to our jobs?
Develop your own game.
Should we allow AI-writing assistants like Grammarly to change the way we express ourselves?
What are the positive effects of machine learning on healthcare?
How does AI differ from human intelligence?
Is it ethical to use social care robots to alleviate loneliness?
Is it ethical to create an app which offers you an AI friend?
What is the most efficient way to track down cyber criminals?
How do cyber criminals cover their tracks on the internet?

EPQ ideas for Ethics

Should people be able to sue their parents for bringing them into the world?
Do men automatically have the right to be present at their child’s birth?
Should we be allowed to dispose of spare embryos in IVF?
Should we be allowed to use embryos for stem cell research?
Should machines with AI have their own rights?
Are Siri and Alexa slaves?
Should we be allowed to mix human and animal DNA?
Should we be allowed to clone humans?
Do we have the right to experiment on animals?
Do we have the right to visit other planets and the moon?
Should a father have rights over an unborn child?
Should there be an assessment process before people have children?
Is sterilisation unethical in every circumstance?
Should we be allowed to cuddle babies if they can’t give verbal consent?
Should an embryo have protected rights under the law?
Do we have the right to prevent someone from committing suicide?
The disturbing eugenics around birth control
Should parents be allowed to edit out genetic conditions before a child’s birth?
Should testing fetuses for Down’s Syndrome be legal?
Are our moral decisions innate or socially conditioned?
Should we have the right to decide when life begins?
If you need a heart transplant and you’re hoping for a heart, does that mean you’re hoping for someone else to die?
Should we put a limit on the number of children people have?
Does the means justify the end?

EPQ ideas for Politics

Why has the USA never had a female president?
If we colonised Mars, who would govern it?
Has Great Britain lost its status as a world power?
Are the government’s counter-terror policies effective?
Is it acceptable to teach British values in primary schools?
How does nepotism negatively affect politics?
How has Donald Trump changed politics?
Should there be universal freedom of information?
Why did Brexit happen?
What are the dangerous effects of conspiracy theories like Q-Anon on the public?
Should it be illegal to publicly shame politicians?
Will there ever be a viable mid-ground between socialism and capitalism?
Would global governance be a better policy than individual governments?
How are female politicians and prime ministers perceived?
Should there be freedom of speech at all costs?
Should countries be allowed to ban religion?
An assessment of the case for anarchy.
Should the UK’s land belong to everyone?
An analysis of political cartoons in the UK
Should everyone have to vote by law?
Should politics be taught in primary school?
Should everyone be made to take politics in secondary school?
Should National Service be mandatory in Singapore?
How did the war on drugs affect inner city US communities?
How was Twitter revolutionised politics?

Sociology EPQ ideas

How can we reverse stereotypes over drug use and misuse in different communities?
What is the impact of the media on our perception of women from Muslim communities?
Evaluate Marx’s account on the origins of the industrial revolution in Britain?
Is it fair for today’s feminists to criticise the lack of gender commentary in classical sociology?
How do human ideas, customs and behaviour come together to make culture?
How do gender, class, race and sexuality affect us and our social relations today?
A study of the effects of polyamorous family settings on children.
Have sociologists neglected emotion in their studies of human behaviour?
Do emotions come from society, or from within us?
How do different models of socialisation affect children?
Are eating disorders a social phenomenon?
Should we ban face-altering apps?
Should teenage pregnancy be so vilified?
Can upbringing create a narcissist?
Is perfectionism more prevalent in girls than boys, and how does that relate to the way we socialise either gender?
Should we ban gendered toys?
How can we assuage the social causes of substance abuse?
An exploration of the sociology of food.
Is it right to try and get someone out of a cult?
How racial segregation in cities enforces poverty, and prevents upward mobility.
What is the relationship between race and class?
The effects of interracial marriage in the 1950s.
The cultural diaspora of mixed race children.
How Disney made princesses key role models for girls.
Should weddings have to be registered to be legal?

EPQ ideas for Geography

How did Hurricane Catrina change the New Orleans community?
Is there such a thing as collective trauma after a natural disaster?
Does the earth belong more to humans than animals?
To what extent should be allow deforestation?
A study on how we will survive and adapt to climate change in 3020.
Does the way we categorise developing countries increase stereotypes?
How have the demand for super-crops impacted the agricultural systems in the countries where we grow them?
Should companies be allowed to expand to developing countries if they won’t pay workers the same wage as at home?
How does tourism affect a country’s culture?
Should all new houses be built with solar panels?
How can we reduce the effects of coastal erosion?
How has global warming changed the world’s physical features?
What are the socio-economic and political implications of migration policies for the UK?
Should borders between countries exist?
Are countries doing enough to meet their MDG targets?
Can a country ever become fully developed?
How does living as an illegal immigrant affect mental and physical health?
To what extent is global warming caused by human beings?
Was the civil war in Syria caused by climatic factors?
Could the National Geographic be considered exploitative?
A comparison of two earthquakes in different decades. to observe how advances in technology have impacted responses.
How does climate change affect different biomes and ecosystems around the world?
What are the environmental and social impacts of natural gas fracking?
A prototype for the generation of sustainable energy.
The effects of littering on marine health.

EPQ ideas for Religious Studies

Why materialism can’t disprove the existence of God.
Why science and religion are part of the same entity.
Paley provides the best argument to issues surrounding the existence of God.
To what extent can Freud’s view of religion and God be said to be accurate?
Is C.S Lewis’ claim that atheism is weaker than theism correct?
Is the belief in nothing still a belief?
Can we reach God through the via negativa?
Is atheism just ignorance?
Can we prove that the universe exists outside our mind?
Is the Catholic catechism biblical truth?
How did the history of the church shape our society today?
Should Religious Studies be compulsory in primary school?
The existence of life on earth is evidence of the existence of a higher being.
How do you explain the goodness of God in the light of the world’s evil?
What are the boundaries between a cult and a religion?
Should the church always be subject to the government?
Should the Queen be head of the protestant church?
Should the church form its own political party?
Are expensive religious buildings insensitive to those living in poverty?
Does baptising a baby save its soul?
Should politicians interfere in religious conflicts?
Is religion nothing more than a comfort blanket against death?
Can you ever justify taking a life?
Is religion the same as morality?
Is religion just a set of rules disguised as something greater?

So, there you have it. 600 EPQ ideas to enhance your passion and imagination for this exciting qualification. Now get ready to kickstart your academic future with an amazing EPQ idea of your own. Don’t forget to fill out that activity log as you go along!

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, how to write a great community service essay.

College Admissions , Extracurriculars

Are you applying to a college or a scholarship that requires a community service essay? Do you know how to write an essay that will impress readers and clearly show the impact your work had on yourself and others?

Read on to learn step-by-step instructions for writing a great community service essay that will help you stand out and be memorable.

What Is a Community Service Essay? Why Do You Need One?

A community service essay is an essay that describes the volunteer work you did and the impact it had on you and your community. Community service essays can vary widely depending on specific requirements listed in the application, but, in general, they describe the work you did, why you found the work important, and how it benefited people around you.

Community service essays are typically needed for two reasons:

#1: To Apply to College

Some colleges require students to write community service essays as part of their application or to be eligible for certain scholarships.
You may also choose to highlight your community service work in your personal statement.

#2: To Apply for Scholarships

Some scholarships are specifically awarded to students with exceptional community service experiences, and many use community service essays to help choose scholarship recipients.
Green Mountain College offers one of the most famous of these scholarships. Their "Make a Difference Scholarship" offers full tuition, room, and board to students who have demonstrated a significant, positive impact through their community service

Getting Started With Your Essay

In the following sections, I'll go over each step of how to plan and write your essay. I'll also include sample excerpts for you to look through so you can get a better idea of what readers are looking for when they review your essay.

Step 1: Know the Essay Requirements

Before your start writing a single word, you should be familiar with the essay prompt. Each college or scholarship will have different requirements for their essay, so make sure you read these carefully and understand them.

Specific things to pay attention to include:

Length requirement
Application deadline
The main purpose or focus of the essay
If the essay should follow a specific structure

Below are three real community service essay prompts. Read through them and notice how much they vary in terms of length, detail, and what information the writer should include.

From the Equitable Excellence Scholarship:

"Describe your outstanding achievement in depth and provide the specific planning, training, goals, and steps taken to make the accomplishment successful. Include details about your role and highlight leadership you provided. Your essay must be a minimum of 350 words but not more than 600 words."

From the Laura W. Bush Traveling Scholarship:

"Essay (up to 500 words, double spaced) explaining your interest in being considered for the award and how your proposed project reflects or is related to both UNESCO's mandate and U.S. interests in promoting peace by sharing advances in education, science, culture, and communications."

From the LULAC National Scholarship Fund:

"Please type or print an essay of 300 words (maximum) on how your academic studies will contribute to your personal & professional goals. In addition, please discuss any community service or extracurricular activities you have been involved in that relate to your goals."

Step 2: Brainstorm Ideas

Even after you understand what the essay should be about, it can still be difficult to begin writing. Answer the following questions to help brainstorm essay ideas. You may be able to incorporate your answers into your essay.

What community service activity that you've participated in has meant the most to you?
What is your favorite memory from performing community service?
Why did you decide to begin community service?
What made you decide to volunteer where you did?
How has your community service changed you?
How has your community service helped others?
How has your community service affected your plans for the future?

You don't need to answer all the questions, but if you find you have a lot of ideas for one of two of them, those may be things you want to include in your essay.

Writing Your Essay

How you structure your essay will depend on the requirements of the scholarship or school you are applying to. You may give an overview of all the work you did as a volunteer, or highlight a particularly memorable experience. You may focus on your personal growth or how your community benefited.

Regardless of the specific structure requested, follow the guidelines below to make sure your community service essay is memorable and clearly shows the impact of your work.

Samples of mediocre and excellent essays are included below to give you a better idea of how you should draft your own essay.

Step 1: Hook Your Reader In

You want the person reading your essay to be interested, so your first sentence should hook them in and entice them to read more. A good way to do this is to start in the middle of the action. Your first sentence could describe you helping build a house, releasing a rescued animal back to the wild, watching a student you tutored read a book on their own, or something else that quickly gets the reader interested. This will help set your essay apart and make it more memorable.

Compare these two opening sentences:

"I have volunteered at the Wishbone Pet Shelter for three years."

"The moment I saw the starving, mud-splattered puppy brought into the shelter with its tail between its legs, I knew I'd do whatever I could to save it."

The first sentence is a very general, bland statement. The majority of community service essays probably begin a lot like it, but it gives the reader little information and does nothing to draw them in. On the other hand, the second sentence begins immediately with action and helps persuade the reader to keep reading so they can learn what happened to the dog.

Step 2: Discuss the Work You Did

Once you've hooked your reader in with your first sentence, tell them about your community service experiences. State where you work, when you began working, how much time you've spent there, and what your main duties include. This will help the reader quickly put the rest of the essay in context and understand the basics of your community service work.

Not including basic details about your community service could leave your reader confused.

Step 3: Include Specific Details

It's the details of your community service that make your experience unique and memorable, so go into the specifics of what you did.

For example, don't just say you volunteered at a nursing home; talk about reading Mrs. Johnson her favorite book, watching Mr. Scott win at bingo, and seeing the residents play games with their grandchildren at the family day you organized. Try to include specific activities, moments, and people in your essay. Having details like these let the readers really understand what work you did and how it differs from other volunteer experiences.

Compare these two passages:

"For my volunteer work, I tutored children at a local elementary school. I helped them improve their math skills and become more confident students."

"As a volunteer at York Elementary School, I worked one-on-one with second and third graders who struggled with their math skills, particularly addition, subtraction, and fractions. As part of my work, I would create practice problems and quizzes and try to connect math to the students' interests. One of my favorite memories was when Sara, a student I had been working with for several weeks, told me that she enjoyed the math problems I had created about a girl buying and selling horses so much that she asked to help me create math problems for other students."

The first passage only gives basic information about the work done by the volunteer; there is very little detail included, and no evidence is given to support her claims. How did she help students improve their math skills? How did she know they were becoming more confident?

The second passage is much more detailed. It recounts a specific story and explains more fully what kind of work the volunteer did, as well as a specific instance of a student becoming more confident with her math skills. Providing more detail in your essay helps support your claims as well as make your essay more memorable and unique.

Step 4: Show Your Personality

It would be very hard to get a scholarship or place at a school if none of your readers felt like they knew much about you after finishing your essay, so make sure that your essay shows your personality. The way to do this is to state your personal strengths, then provide examples to support your claims. Take some time to think about which parts of your personality you would like your essay to highlight, then write about specific examples to show this.

If you want to show that you're a motivated leader, describe a time when you organized an event or supervised other volunteers.
If you want to show your teamwork skills, write about a time you helped a group of people work together better.
If you want to show that you're a compassionate animal lover, write about taking care of neglected shelter animals and helping each of them find homes.

Step 5: State What You Accomplished

After you have described your community service and given specific examples of your work, you want to begin to wrap your essay up by stating your accomplishments. What was the impact of your community service? Did you build a house for a family to move into? Help students improve their reading skills? Clean up a local park? Make sure the impact of your work is clear; don't be worried about bragging here.

If you can include specific numbers, that will also strengthen your essay. Saying "I delivered meals to 24 home-bound senior citizens" is a stronger example than just saying "I delivered meals to lots of senior citizens."

Also be sure to explain why your work matters. Why is what you did important? Did it provide more parks for kids to play in? Help students get better grades? Give people medical care who would otherwise not have gotten it? This is an important part of your essay, so make sure to go into enough detail that your readers will know exactly what you accomplished and how it helped your community.

"My biggest accomplishment during my community service was helping to organize a family event at the retirement home. The children and grandchildren of many residents attended, and they all enjoyed playing games and watching movies together."

"The community service accomplishment that I'm most proud of is the work I did to help organize the First Annual Family Fun Day at the retirement home. My job was to design and organize fun activities that senior citizens and their younger relatives could enjoy. The event lasted eight hours and included ten different games, two performances, and a movie screening with popcorn. Almost 200 residents and family members attended throughout the day. This event was important because it provided an opportunity for senior citizens to connect with their family members in a way they aren't often able to. It also made the retirement home seem more fun and enjoyable to children, and we have seen an increase in the number of kids coming to visit their grandparents since the event."

The second passage is stronger for a variety of reasons. First, it goes into much more detail about the work the volunteer did. The first passage only states that she helped "organize a family event." That really doesn't tell readers much about her work or what her responsibilities were. The second passage is much clearer; her job was to "design and organize fun activities."

The second passage also explains the event in more depth. A family day can be many things; remember that your readers are likely not familiar with what you're talking about, so details help them get a clearer picture.

Lastly, the second passage makes the importance of the event clear: it helped residents connect with younger family members, and it helped retirement homes seem less intimidating to children, so now some residents see their grand kids more often.

Step 6: Discuss What You Learned

One of the final things to include in your essay should be the impact that your community service had on you. You can discuss skills you learned, such as carpentry, public speaking, animal care, or another skill.

You can also talk about how you changed personally. Are you more patient now? More understanding of others? Do you have a better idea of the type of career you want? Go into depth about this, but be honest. Don't say your community service changed your life if it didn't because trite statements won't impress readers.

In order to support your statements, provide more examples. If you say you're more patient now, how do you know this? Do you get less frustrated while playing with your younger siblings? Are you more willing to help group partners who are struggling with their part of the work? You've probably noticed by now that including specific examples and details is one of the best ways to create a strong and believable essay .

"As a result of my community service, I learned a lot about building houses and became a more mature person."

"As a result of my community service, I gained hands-on experience in construction. I learned how to read blueprints, use a hammer and nails, and begin constructing the foundation of a two-bedroom house. Working on the house could be challenging at times, but it taught me to appreciate the value of hard work and be more willing to pitch in when I see someone needs help. My dad has just started building a shed in our backyard, and I offered to help him with it because I know from my community service how much work it is. I also appreciate my own house more, and I know how lucky I am to have a roof over my head."

The second passage is more impressive and memorable because it describes the skills the writer learned in more detail and recounts a specific story that supports her claim that her community service changed her and made her more helpful.

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Step 7: Finish Strong

Just as you started your essay in a way that would grab readers' attention, you want to finish your essay on a strong note as well. A good way to end your essay is to state again the impact your work had on you, your community, or both. Reiterate how you changed as a result of your community service, why you found the work important, or how it helped others.

Compare these two concluding statements:

"In conclusion, I learned a lot from my community service at my local museum, and I hope to keep volunteering and learning more about history."

"To conclude, volunteering at my city's American History Museum has been a great experience. By leading tours and participating in special events, I became better at public speaking and am now more comfortable starting conversations with people. In return, I was able to get more community members interested in history and our local museum. My interest in history has deepened, and I look forward to studying the subject in college and hopefully continuing my volunteer work at my university's own museum."

The second passage takes each point made in the first passage and expands upon it. In a few sentences, the second passage is able to clearly convey what work the volunteer did, how she changed, and how her volunteer work benefited her community.

The author of the second passage also ends her essay discussing her future and how she'd like to continue her community service, which is a good way to wrap things up because it shows your readers that you are committed to community service for the long-term.

What's Next?

Are you applying to a community service scholarship or thinking about it? We have a complete list of all the community service scholarships available to help get your search started!

Do you need a community service letter as well? We have a step-by-step guide that will tell you how to get a great reference letter from your community service supervisor.

Thinking about doing community service abroad? Before you sign up, read our guide on some of the hazards of international volunteer trips and how to know if it's the right choice for you.

Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download them for free now:

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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Dissertation
What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

Published on September 14, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on November 21, 2023.

A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master’s program or a capstone to a bachelor’s degree.

Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation , it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to finish: choosing a relevant topic , crafting a proposal , designing your research , collecting data , developing a robust analysis, drawing strong conclusions , and writing concisely .

Thesis template

You can also download our full thesis template in the format of your choice below. Our template includes a ready-made table of contents , as well as guidance for what each chapter should include. It’s easy to make it your own, and can help you get started.

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Thesis vs. thesis statement, how to structure a thesis, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your thesis, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about theses.

You may have heard the word thesis as a standalone term or as a component of academic writing called a thesis statement . Keep in mind that these are two very different things.

A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay , and should clearly and concisely summarize the central points of your academic essay .
A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to complete. It is generally a degree requirement for Master’s programs, and is also sometimes required to complete a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts colleges.
In the US, a dissertation is generally written as a final step toward obtaining a PhD.
In other countries (particularly the UK), a dissertation is generally written at the bachelor’s or master’s level.

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The final structure of your thesis depends on a variety of components, such as:

Your discipline
Your theoretical approach

Humanities theses are often structured more like a longer-form essay . Just like in an essay, you build an argument to support a central thesis.

In both hard and social sciences, theses typically include an introduction , literature review , methodology section , results section , discussion section , and conclusion section . These are each presented in their own dedicated section or chapter. In some cases, you might want to add an appendix .

Thesis examples

We’ve compiled a short list of thesis examples to help you get started.

Example thesis #1: “Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807” by Suchait Kahlon.
Example thesis #2: “’A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man’: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947″ by Julian Saint Reiman.

The very first page of your thesis contains all necessary identifying information, including:

Your full title
Your full name
Your department
Your institution and degree program
Your submission date.

Sometimes the title page also includes your student ID, the name of your supervisor, or the university’s logo. Check out your university’s guidelines if you’re not sure.

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Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

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An abstract is a short summary of your thesis. Usually a maximum of 300 words long, it’s should include brief descriptions of your research objectives , methods, results, and conclusions. Though it may seem short, it introduces your work to your audience, serving as a first impression of your thesis.

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework, but these are not the same thing. A theoretical framework defines and analyzes the concepts and theories that your research hinges on.

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George, T. (2023, November 21). What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/thesis/

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Guest Essay

I Hope to Repeal an Arcane Law That Could Be Misused to Ban Abortion Nationwide

A photo illustration shows a pill against a white background with a red circle hovering over it.

By Tina Smith

Ms. Smith is a Democratic senator from Minnesota and a former Planned Parenthood executive.

A long discredited, arcane 150-year-old law is back in the news in 2024, and that should terrify anyone who supports reproductive freedom. Last week at the Supreme Court, the Comstock Act of 1873 was referenced on three separate occasions during oral arguments in a case dealing with access to mifepristone, one of two drugs typically used in medication abortions.

Anti-abortion activists like to bring up the Comstock Act because one of its clauses prohibits sending through the mail “every article, instrument, substance, drug, medicine or thing” that could possibly lead to an abortion. Even if the Supreme Court doesn’t take the bait, a newly re-elected President Trump could order his Department of Justice to start interpreting that line to mean that it is illegal to mail mifepristone — a safe, effective, Food and Drug Administration-approved drug — to doctors and pharmacies, as well as to patients directly. The same could go for medical supplies that are used in performing surgical abortions. That could effectively make abortion impossible to access even in places like Minnesota, which has affirmatively protected a woman’s right to choose by passing reproductive freedom laws.

In response, I’m prepared to fight back — including by introducing legislation to take away the Comstock Act as a tool to limit reproductive freedom.

Let me take a step back and explain how ridiculous it is that we’re even talking about this legislative relic today. The Comstock Act hasn’t been broadly enforced since the 1930s. The Biden administration considers it utterly irrelevant. Many legal experts consider it dead letter law. And once you know its back story, it becomes clear why no one has paid much attention to it in nearly a century.

Back in the 1860s, a former Civil War soldier from rural Connecticut named Anthony Comstock moved to New York City for work. He was shocked and appalled by what he found. Advertisements for contraception! Open discussions of sexual health! It all struck Comstock as terribly lewd and anti-Christian.

So he made it his mission to clean up society, creating the loftily named New York Society for the Suppression of Vice and gathering evidence for police raids on places that distributed material he thought was obscene or promoted indecent living. In the early 1870s he took his crusade to Washington, lobbying for federal legislation that would empower the post office to search for and seize anything in the mail that met Comstock’s criteria for being “obscene,” “lewd” or just plain “filthy.” Morality, as determined by Comstock, would be the law of the land, and Comstock himself would be its enforcer, appointed by Congress as a special agent of the post office.

In a fit of Victorian puritanism, Congress passed the Comstock Act into law. But it quickly became apparent that Comstock’s criteria were unworkably vague. In its broad wording, the law not only made it illegal to send pornography through the mail, it also outlawed the sending of medical textbooks for their depictions of the human body, personal love letters that hinted at physical as well as romantic relationships, and even news stories.

The whole thing was very silly and impracticable, and that’s why the Comstock Act was relegated to the dustbin of history.

But conservative activists recently revived it from obscurity as part of their playbook for a potential second Trump term: The 887-page plan nicknamed Project 2025 being promoted by groups like the Heritage Foundation explicitly calls for a newly elected second-term President Trump to use this zombie law to severely ratchet back abortion access in America without congressional action.

Legislation to repeal Comstock could take many forms, and we need to do it the right way. That’s why I’ve begun reaching out to my colleagues in the House of Representatives and the Senate to build support and see what legislation to repeal the Comstock Act might look like. Anti-abortion extremists will continue to exploit any avenue they can find to get the national ban they champion, and I want to make sure my bill shuts down every one of those avenues. Once the Supreme Court has had its say (and many legal analysts speculate that the mifepristone case heard last week should be thrown out on procedural grounds, and may well be), I’ll be ready to have mine.

Here’s the bottom line: We can’t let anyone — not the Supreme Court, not Donald Trump and certainly not a random busybody from the 19th century — take away Americans’ right to access medication abortion. We must protect the ability of doctors, pharmacies and patients to receive in the mail the supplies they need to exercise their right to reproductive care.

As the only former Planned Parenthood executive serving in the Senate, I feel I have a special responsibility to protect not just abortion rights but also abortion access.

Very few Republicans will admit to wanting to see a total, no-exceptions ban on abortion in all 50 states, but the Comstock Act could allow them to achieve that in effect, if not in so many words.

Americans deserve better. The Constitution demands better. And common sense dictates that we stop this outrageous backdoor ploy to eliminate abortion access in its tracks.

Tina Smith is a Democratic senator from Minnesota and a former Planned Parenthood executive.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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Project Management Essay Example
Project management is a discipline of planning, controlling, securing and organizing resources to attain specific objectives. A project can be perceived as an impermanent endeavour with a defined starting and end, undertaken to convene unique objectives and goals, normally to bring about useful change. The impermanent nature of projects differs ...
Project vs Essay: How Are These Words Connected?
Confusing The Purpose. Another common mistake is confusing the purpose of a project versus an essay. Essays are typically used to demonstrate knowledge or understanding of a particular topic, while projects are often more practical and hands-on, requiring the application of skills and creativity.
Example of a Great Essay
The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement, a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas. The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ...
Free Project Management Essay Examples & Topics
A project usually has a team, a schedule, a budget, and set goals and expectations. It is a temporary and progressive attempt to reach a specific objective. On this page, you will also find project management essay examples on specific topics. These samples will reveal critical terminology for completing this assignment.
How to Structure an Essay
The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body. This article provides useful templates and tips to help you outline your essay, make decisions about your structure, and ...
Developing the Research Essay
Whether your essay is based on prior research or is a proposal, it is important that your essay clearly describes 1) your intellectual contribution or expected contribution to the work, 2) the skills you brought to the work from prior research or course experiences, and 3) the skills you have or expect to obtain from participation in the project.
How To Write Your Project Paper
A project paper is a formal document, which presents and discusses the results of your in-depth research. It follows some predefined guidelines, which are necessary for the entire project paper writing process.As earlier stated, project papers are mostly research papers that are used to explore and identify scientific, technical and social issues.
Project Plan, Essay Example
The communication management plan is another aspect of a project plan. This plan offers details to how the team will communicate during the project (Project management knowledge, 2010). This could be any type of communication to include e-mails, cell phones, or even weekly memos. Communication is key in any project.
How to Write a Project Paper
Formal Presentation. We suggest that the length of the project paper should be between 1800 and 2000 words. The word count must be included in the paper and placed after the conclusion. The word count should not include the cover sheet, table of contents, illustrations or list of sources. The project paper should be written using formal ...
Final Essay Project
The final essay project for the seminar combines the well-established format of the research paper with the affordances of Web media. The final essay can be the key learning project i n a graduate course, enabling you to synthesize concepts, methods, and approaches in your own way, and the essay will be used to evaluate how you can work the ...
How to Write a Project Proposal [2024] • Asana
A project proposal is a written document outlining everything stakeholders should know about a project, including the timeline, budget, objectives, and goals. Your project proposal should summarize your project details and sell your idea so stakeholders feel inclined to get involved in the initiative. The goal of your project proposal is to:
How to Write an EPQ Essay
In addition to the A-Levels you're already doing, you can choose to take an EPQ (Extended Project Qualification). An EPQ is an independent research project, and it's extremely beneficial as it counts towards UCAS tariff points. Consisting of around 5,000 words, an EPQ essay is an in-depth assignment which takes about 120 hours to complete.
How to Write an Argumentative Essay
Make a claim. Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim. Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim) Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives. The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays.
113 Great Research Paper Topics
Even great research paper topics won't give you a great research paper if you don't hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers. #1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early. Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis ...
Project Essay Examples
Essays on Project. 6179 samples on this topic. On this page, we've put together a database of samples regarding Project. The plan is to provide you with a sample similar to your Project essay topic so that you could have a closer look at it in order to grasp a better idea of what a brilliant academic work should look like.
Ahead of the Curve: How PEG™ Has Led Automated Scoring for Years
PEG, or Project Essay Grade, is the automated scoring system at the core of ERB Writing Practice. It was invented in the 1960s by Ellis Batten Page, a former high school English teacher, who spent "many long weekends sifting through stacks of papers wishing for some help."
600 EPQ Ideas
An EPQ (Extended Project Qualification) allows A-Level students to write either a 5,000 word essay on any question or subject of their choice. Alternatively, students can create an artefact or product, and write a shorter essay explaining it. The EPQ is equivalent to half an A-Level. EPQs are a fantastic way of proving to universities that you ...
How to Write a Research Proposal
Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: "A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management".
How to Write a Great Community Service Essay
"Essay (up to 500 words, double spaced) explaining your interest in being considered for the award and how your proposed project reflects or is related to both UNESCO's mandate and U.S. interests in promoting peace by sharing advances in education, science, culture, and communications." From the LULAC National Scholarship Fund:
Project Planning Essays: Examples, Topics, & Outlines
keys success" effective project planning. This a 3 5-page essay. Note articles focuses elements, combinations components planning. When finished, submit essay coursenet Keys to success for effective project planning The planning of the project is an essential step in ensuring the final success of the respective project. At the planning stage ...
(PDF) undergraduate project paper
PDF | On Feb 12, 2019, Maryfaith Nyakio published undergraduate project paper | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
What Is a Thesis?
A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay, and should clearly and concisely summarize the central points of your academic essay. A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to ...
Opinion
Guest Essay. I Hope to Repeal an Arcane Law That Could Be Misused to Ban Abortion Nationwide ... The 887-page plan nicknamed Project 2025 being promoted by groups like the Heritage Foundation ...