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Unemployment Speech

Long and Short Speeches on Unemployment

Any individual who is deprived of earning a living and faces difficulty in getting a paid job is known as unemployed and the condition is termed as unemployment. With India being a highly populated country, unemployment has always been a major problem in our country. And this problem has been increasing at a major rate.

Here, we have provided a long speech as well as a short unemployment speech in English for the students of all categories. Students can easily refer to our speech on unemployment for any exam preparation and can also gather information on this topic to prepare their own speech.

There is also a 10 Lines Speech provided by us especially for the students of Class 1 and Class 2.

Long Speech on Unemployment

This long speech on unemployment has been provided as a reference for the students of Class 7 To Class 12 for their exam preparation.

Warm greetings to everyone! I firstly appreciate everyone who has gathered here to discuss the problem of unemployment. I am thankful enough for providing me with an opportunity to deliver a speech on unemployment.

Unemployment has become a major concern among the people of India today. With the increasing population, the job sectors fail to provide a full-time job to all the people. This, as a result, has increased the rate of unemployment in our country. Thus, unemployment can be defined as the condition where an individual is deprived of a paid job or self-employment and is unable to find a suitable job for employment.

The fear of unemployment has caused a level of depression and mental stress on the youth today. In spite of getting a degree and having the highest qualifications, they still have to go through the process of unemployment. Many individuals, being the sole bread earner of the family, struggle day and night to earn a living. Unemployment not only refers to being jobless, but it also refers to the state where an individual is being underpaid as per their experience and qualifications. Several individuals are unsatisfied with the jobs they are in and are sticking to their jobs due to unemployment problems.

Implementation of various government programs to improve the practical skills of the students must be done in every school and college. Although the government of India has introduced several employment schemes to offer jobs to the unemployed, many more steps must be taken to reduce the unemployment rate in our country. People must be made aware of self-employment and proper fundings for these government programs and projects must be implemented by the government.

Lastly, I would like to thank all of you for your patience and for coming here to discuss this issue.

Short Speech on Unemployment in English

Given below is a short unemployment speech in English for the students of Class 3 to Class 6.

Greetings everyone! Today I am here to deliver a speech on the topic of unemployment.

With the fast-growing industries and economic system, our country India still lags behind in the field of employment. In spite of having a higher degree and qualification, many people have to suffer through the process of unemployment. The main reason behind this major issue is the growing population and demand for a full-time job. Many citizens of the country are still deprived of paid jobs and are struggling to earn a living. This has also eventually led to mental pressures and depression among the youth. Although there has been an increase in the literacy rate of the people that has also increased the demand for new jobs.

It is high time that the government should take up initiatives to provide employment to the people. There are several government programs and schemes that have been introduced by the Prime Minister to help the unemployed to get a paid job. New training programs should be introduced in schools and colleges for the better development of the students. People should be made familiar with the self-employment scheme and initiatives must be implemented by the government for funding these programs.

Lastly, I would like to end my speech by saying that unemployment has become a major problem in India today and necessary steps must be taken to reduce the unemployment rate.

10 Lines Speech on Unemployment

Here is a 2-minute long speech on unemployment for the students of Class 1 and Class 2.

Good morning everyone! Today I am here to deliver a speech on unemployment.

Unemployment is a serious problem faced by many people in our country.

The increasing population and higher demands for jobs give rise to unemployment.

India being a populated country faces a higher unemployment rate due to limited job sectors.

There are several people who do not have a paid job and are surviving unemployment.

Unemployment also counts those individuals who are being underpaid in their jobs and are working outside their area of interest.

Even people having higher degrees and qualifications have to go through the process of unemployment.

This causes a high level of mental pressure and depression to the individuals as they struggle day and night to earn a living.

Due to slow economic growth and small job sectors, this problem has given rise to many unemployed people.

Lastly, I would like to say that unemployment is becoming a major concern of the youth of our country and if not solved in time, it will also bring down the economic rate of our country.

FAQs on Unemployment Speech

1. How can you include initiatives taken by the government to curb unemployment in your speech?

This problem is taken very seriously by the government, and a number of schemes are being implemented to reduce unemployment. Among these schemes are IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme), DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Training for self-employment, PMIUPEP (Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program), employment exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme, development of organized sector, small and cottage industries, employment in forging countries, and others.

2. What are the reasons for unemployment that I can include in my unemployment speech?

There are numerous reasons for a large section of the population of our country to be facing the problem of unemployment. Some of these reasons are population growth, slow economic growth, seasonal occupations, slow economic growth and a decrease in the cost of living in our country. Additionally, the large population of the country adds to the unemployment problem in India. The country's population demands a huge number of jobs and occupations every year, which the government is unable to supply.

3. What are the types of unemployment?

All of us today are aware of what unemployment is. However, it does not just mean that any person is unemployed. Likewise, unemployment also refers to people working in areas that are outside of their expertise or mastery. Some of the various types of unemployment include disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, open unemployment, technological unemployment, and structural unemployment. Other types of unemployment include cyclical unemployment, educated but unemployed, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment and casual unemployment. Presently, in India, among the most prevalent types of unemployment are seasonal unemployment, underemployment, and disguised unemployment.

4. What type of unemployment can be found in developed countries?

Mostly in developed countries, cyclical and frictional unemployment exist. The period of cyclical unemployment is the period in which the unemployment rate rises and falls according to cycles of economic ups and downs. It is vital to minimize cyclical unemployment during recessions. In an economy, frictional unemployment arises from voluntary job transitions. Frictional unemployment is a fact of life, even in a growing, stable economy. The frictional unemployment that occurs when workers leave their current jobs in search of new jobs and when workers enter the workforce for the first time does not include those workers who remain in their current job until they find a new one, since they are never unemployed.

5. How to define different types of unemployment in india?

Open or Structural Unemployment- The phenomenon of open or structural unemployment occurs when a number of people desire to work but are unable to find jobs for themselves. It is a result of a growing population and people migrating to larger cities.

Disguised Unemployment - Under this type of unemployment, people seem employed, yet their productivity is zero and they do not receive any assistance to increase their output.

Seasonal Unemployment - During some seasons in India, farming is not practiced year-round, which results in farmers being jobless for a few months. Seasonal unemployment is also observed in the sugarcane industry, cold drinks industry, and crackers industry.

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Speech On Unemployment - 10 Lines, Short and Long Speech

As we all know, unemployment is a problem that affects not just individuals but entire communities and societies. It leads to economic instability and social unrest and can have a devastating impact on people's mental and physical well-being. However, it's important to recognise that unemployment is not just a personal problem but a systemic one. It results from larger economic and political forces and requires collective action and solutions.

10 Line Speech on Unemployment

Short speech on unemployment, long speech on unemployment.

Speech On Unemployment - 10 Lines, Short and Long Speech

Unemployment is one of the most pressing issues across the globe.

It refers to the situation when people are without work and actively seeking employment.

Unemployment can have serious consequences for individuals, including financial insecurity and a lack of purpose and meaning.

It can also have negative impacts on the economy, as a high unemployment rate can lead to a decline in consumer spending and economic growth.

"Unemployment is the one form of misery that cuts across all social boundaries." - James Buchan.

Governments and organisations have implemented various policies and programs to address unemployment, such as job training and unemployment benefits.

However, these measures are only sometimes sufficient to fully address the problem.

Factors such as automation and globalisation can also contribute to unemployment.

It is important for individuals to continuously seek education and training to increase their employability in a constantly changing job market.

Solving the problem of unemployment requires a multifaceted approach involving both individual and societal efforts.

Unemployment is a critical issue that transcends beyond just the individual to impact their loved ones and the community at large. It constitutes a personal hardship for the unemployed individuals and a major societal challenge that requires attention and resolution.

Causes | The causes of unemployment are complex and can include economic factors such as slow growth, automation and technological changes, as well as broader social and political factors such as the availability of education and training opportunities, and the structure of the labour market.

Consequences | The consequences of unemployment are far-reaching and can have a profound impact on individuals, families and communities. For those who are unemployed, the lack of a steady income can lead to poverty, homelessness and other forms of social exclusion. This can have a ripple effect, contributing to social unrest, crime and other problems that affect society as a whole.

Impact | Unemployment also has a significant impact on the economy. When people are unable to find work, they are less likely to spend money, which can lead to reduced demand for goods and services, further slowing growth and exacerbating the problem.

In order to address the issue of unemployment, it is important to take a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of the problem. This may include investment in education and training opportunities, support for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the creation of a more flexible and responsive labour market.

Unemployment is a pressing problem in the modern world, affecting millions of people globally and creating economic, social, and political consequences. Unemployment is defined as the state in which a person who is actively seeking work is unable to find any.

Causes of Unemployment

There are many causes of unemployment, including technological changes, economic downturns, and globalisation. Automation and other technological advancements have led to the replacement of many jobs by machines, while globalisation has led to the outsourcing of jobs to other countries where labour is cheaper. Economic recessions and other economic factors can also lead to widespread unemployment. In addition, the lack of job opportunities in some areas, particularly in rural areas, can contribute to high levels of unemployment.

Historical Overview of Unemployment

Unemployment has been a problem for centuries, but it has become increasingly pressing in recent decades. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, unemployment reached unprecedented levels, with millions of people losing their jobs and facing extreme poverty and hardship.

In response, governments and international organisations have developed various programs and policies aimed at reducing unemployment and providing support to those who are out of work. These efforts have helped to reduce the extent of unemployment in many countries, but the problem remains a persistent one, particularly in times of economic downturn.

Consequences of Unemployment

Unemployment has a wide range of consequences, both for the individuals affected and for society as a whole.

For individuals, unemployment can lead to financial hardship, social isolation, and reduced quality of life.

Those who are out of work are often unable to meet their basic needs, and may struggle to pay for housing, food, and other essentials.

Unemployment can also have a negative impact on mental and physical health, leading to stress, anxiety, and other health problems.

High levels of unemployment can lead to reduced economic growth and increased poverty, as fewer people are able to contribute to the economy through work.

It can also lead to increased crime and social unrest, as those who are out of work may feel frustrated and powerless.

Unemployment can also have political consequences, as those who are affected may become disillusioned with the political system and may be more likely to support political movements that promise to address the problem.

Possible Solutions to Unemployment

There is no single solution to the problem of unemployment, as it is caused by a complex array of factors. However, there are a number of measures that can be taken to reduce unemployment and support those who are out of work.

Providing education and training opportunities to help individuals acquire the skills needed for new jobs.

Investing in infrastructure and development projects that create jobs.

Encouraging the development of small businesses and entrepreneurship.

Providing financial support and job-search assistance to those who are out of work.

Promoting economic growth and stability, which can help to create jobs and reduce unemployment.

Unemployment is a complex and pressing problem that affects millions of people globally. While there is no single solution to the problem, there are a number of measures that can be taken to reduce unemployment and support those who are out of work. It is the responsibility of governments, businesses, and individuals to work together to address this problem and find effective solutions.

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Speech on Unemployment

Unemployment is when people who want to work can’t find a job. It’s a big problem that affects many people around the world.

You might know someone who’s unemployed. It’s not easy, as it can lead to money problems and can make people feel sad or worried.

1-minute Speech on Unemployment

Ladies and Gentlemen,

I stand before you today to discuss a matter close to each of our hearts – Unemployment. Unemployment is an issue that affects millions of people across the globe. It is a social evil that highlights the gap between our educational system and the job market, making it a pressing issue that we must address with urgency.

Unemployment is not merely the lack of work; it represents the lack of opportunities, the absence of growth, and the void of financial stability. It is a stifling situation that suppresses an individual’s talent, ambition, and aspiration.

The root causes of unemployment are many and varied. They range from slow economic growth and rapid population expansion to technological change and poor educational standards. Each of these factors plays its part in contributing to this significant problem, demanding from us deeper introspection and stronger resolution.

We need to revamp our education system, matching the skills acquired by students to the needs of employers. It is high time we introduce career-oriented curriculums. The government, along with the private sector, needs to create more job opportunities. It is crucial that we harness the potential of technology and digitalization to create new jobs.

The issue of unemployment is neither unrecognizable nor unresolvable. It requires collective efforts from government, private sectors, educational institutions, and society at large. It is a fight we must engage in, a battle we must win.

Let us all stand together, resolute in our commitment to eradicate unemployment from our society. Let us strive for a future where everyone has the opportunity to work and grow. Thank you.

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Essay on Unemployment

2-minute Speech on Unemployment

I stand before you today to shed light on a pressing issue that is causing ripples across our global society – unemployment. Unemployment is a phenomenon that occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. It’s one of the most critical issues faced by our economies, and if left unaddressed, it can have devastating effects on both individuals and society at large.

The first point I would like to emphasize is the psychological impact of unemployment. Imagine the frustration and demoralization that ensues when, despite possessing the qualifications and the will to work, a person is unable to secure a job. This situation not only leads to financial instability but also affects an individual’s self-esteem, leading to anxiety and depression. It is not just a matter of making ends meet, it’s about the sense of purpose that employment provides, the satisfaction of contributing to society.

Secondly, let’s consider the broader socio-economic implications of unemployment. Large scale unemployment can lead to a waste of the resources that a country’s education system has nurtured. If a large proportion of the educated workforce is left idle, it’s a loss to the entire nation. Moreover, unemployment can lead to increased crime rates. As people struggle to provide for their families, they may resort to illegal means, thereby causing social unrest.

So, what is causing these high rates of unemployment? One of the main reasons is the rapid advancement in technology. While technological growth is essential and inevitable, it has led to job displacement in many industries. Machines are replacing humans in performing routine tasks, leading to job losses. Another reason is the mismatch between the skills required by employers and those possessed by job seekers. This skills gap is widening with time.

But, all is not lost. There are solutions to this problem if we work collectively. To counter the impact of technological advancements, we need to focus on reskilling and upskilling our workforce. Governments, educational institutions, and corporations need to collaborate to provide training programs that equip people with the skills required for the jobs of the future.

Furthermore, entrepreneurs should be encouraged, and the process of setting up new businesses should be made easier. This can lead to job creation and also stimulate economic growth. Lastly, the education system should be made more flexible and aligned with the needs of the industry, to reduce the skills gap.

To conclude, unemployment is a pressing issue with far-reaching consequences. It’s time that we treat it not as an individual problem but as a societal one. The solution lies in collective efforts, proactive policy changes, and creating an ecosystem that encourages learning and entrepreneurship.

Let us not forget that every individual in our society is a pillar of potential. If given the right opportunity, they can contribute significantly to our world. Let’s strive to harness this potential and work towards a future where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

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Speech On Unemployment for Students and Children

Speech on unemployment.

Unemployment is a very serious and important issue not only in India but all over the world. There are millions of people in this world who do not have employment or any kind of job. Moreover, the problem of unemployment is a very major problem in India. In India, the main reason for unemployment is the increasing population and the demand for jobs. Moreover, if we will ignore this problem then it will become the reason for the doom of the country. Read Speech On Unemployment here.

At present all of us know what unemployment actually is. But unemployment does not only mean that any person is jobless. Likewise, unemployment also includes those people who are working in areas that are out of their expertise or mastery.

The numerous types of unemployment consist of disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, open unemployment, technological unemployment, and structural unemployment. Besides, some other unemployment is the cyclic unemployment, educated but unemployed, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment, and casual unemployment.

Above all, seasonal unemployment, under unemployment, and disguised unemployment are very common unemployment present right now in India.

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In our country, there are a lot of reasons for a large section of the population of the nation for facing the problem of unemployment. Some reasons are population growth, slow economic growth, seasonal occupation, slow growth in the economic sector, and the decrease in the cottage industry.

Moreover, these are the main reasons for the problem of unemployment in our country. Also, the situation is now so extreme that people with high education are ready for doing the duty of a sweeper as an employee. Besides, the government is not taking their work seriously and that’s a huge problem we should worry about. Apart from all these things, a huge portion of the population takes part in the agricultural sector.

The agriculture sector only provides employment in the harvesting or plantation seasons. In addition, one of the main reasons for the unemployment problem in India is the vast population of the nation. The population of the country demands a huge number of jobs and occupations every year which the government is unable to deliver.

Consequences

If things will continue like the current situation then the problem of unemployment will become a major issue for the nation. Apart from this, many things happen in the economy that is responsible for the increase in poverty.

The things responsible are an increase in the crime rate, exploitation of labours, political instability, mental health condition, and loss of the skills. As a result of these things, all this will eventually affect the nation in a very bad manner.

An initiative by the Government

The government is taking this problem very seriously and is also taking actions to slowly decrease the level of unemployment. Schemes that are available for this are IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme), DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Employment Assurance Scheme, NRY (Nehru Rozgar Yojana), Training for self-Employment, PMIUPEP (Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program), employment exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme, development of organized sector, small and cottage industries, employment in forging countries, and Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana and many more are also there.

To conclude, we can say that the problem of unemployment is a very important issue for all of us equally. We all need work because we all need money to secure our future. We have to earn for our families and we have to fulfil our needs. For all these things we need the money and the source of money is employment. Everyone has to work for money and we can’t work until and unless we won’t get any job.

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Speech on Unemployment in English for School Students

Updated on
Apr 1, 2024

Speech On Unemployment: Unemployment refers to the condition where a skilled individual is not able to get a decent job. Unemployment is a major problem, hampering the growth of the individual and society as a whole.

As per the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the unemployment rate for individuals aged 15 years and above in India has reduced to 6.2 per cent in the first quarter of 2023 from 8.2 per cent in the same quarter in 2022. Although it seemed to be a good sign, the unemployment rate in the country dropped to 8.11% in March 2023, as per the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) data. Thus, we can say that India is currently facing a major employment crisis.

Quick Read: 200+ English Essay Topics

Also Read: Essay on Unemployment: 100 to 300 Words

2 Minute Speech on Unemployment in English

‘A warm greeting to everyone! Today, I would like to present my speech on unemployment. What is the first thing that strikes your mind when you hear the word ‘ Unemployment ‘? Is it a jobless person looking for a job? Or an unskilled labour waiting for someone to pick him so that he can earn minimum wages?

Oxford Dictionary says unemployment is the state where a skilled person is not able to find a decent job to meet his needs. Individuals who are not currently working but are actively seeking employment are called unemployed. Unemployment is caused by a lack of job opportunities, financial crises, a mismatch of skills, global recession, and overpopulation.

Out of the listed problems, overpopulation is the one that contributes most to unemployment. It creates a larger supply of labour than the available jobs. An increased number of people seeking employment when exceeds the number of job opportunities can lead to increased competition for jobs, lower wages, and higher levels of unemployment.

Another reason for unemployment in India is the gap between the specialization and the skills possessed by the job seekers and the skills demanded by industries. The country’s outdated education systems and limited hands-on experience programs are the primary reasons that are failing to align with the rapidly changing needs of industries. Furthermore, emphasis on soft skills, which is important for workplace success, is also sometimes overlooked by educational institutions.

Now, here comes the question, how can we address and curb the problem of unemployment in India?

The government should prioritize the enhancement of expertise and abilities with the help of targeted educational reforms. Encouragement should be given to vocational education as well as training to the youth of India. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana for Technical Institutes (PMKVY-TI), Leadership Development Programs, National Employability Enhancement Mission (NEEM), Employability Enhancement Training Programme (EETP), Skill Assessment Matrix for Vocational Advancement of Youth (SAMVAY), AICTE-Startup Policy, and likewise should get updated as per the latest job requirements and trends of the industries with competence to more formal learning.

Also, for the problem of the rapidly growing population, implementation of effective family planning programs and promoting awareness about the consequences of overpopulation can help in controlling the growth rate of the population. The awareness and implementation of planning programs will thereby help in reducing the surplus of labour.

Apart from the solution to the problem of overpopulation and working on proficiency and applied experience, strategic partnerships between industries and educational institutions can help bring opportunities for students into the job market. The government should focus on encouraging entrepreneurship, supporting small-scale industries, and attracting different modes of investments that can help generate employment opportunities that will help bring possibilities for the skilled youth.

In conclusion, collective efforts are required from educational institutions, students and the Government to reduce the unemployment rate in India. By aligning education as per the industry needs, raising awareness and implementing effective government policies we can make a way for a brighter future for the youth regarding employment opportunities.

Thank you.’

Also Read: Vocational Courses After 12th

10 Lines Speech on Unemployment

Let us discuss a speech on unemployment with 10 short lines.

1. Unemployment is a state where one cannot find suitable job opportunities despite education.

2. Vocational education plays an important role in preparing students for future employment by providing them with the necessary skills and knowledge.

3. Economic factors and job market conditions, such as recession and inflation are also some of the major reasons for unemployment among people.

4. Government initiatives and skills development programs are important in addressing and reducing the unemployment rates.

5. A business-friendly environment encourages the growth of job creation.

6. Contributing excellence in studies and acquiring skills can help in contributing to studies that will make them valuable additions to the workforce.

7. Entrepreneurship and innovation also play an important role in the generation of jobs.

8. Encouraging mentorship programs and networking opportunities helps students by providing valuable connections for future job opportunities.

9. Involvement of society and support helps in creating a sense of unity among the individuals to overcome the problem of unemployment.

10. Let us strive for a world where none of the individuals should remain without a job, regardless of age or background and contribute to the job market with skills and expertise.

Also Read: Economics Project for Class 12: Top 30 List of Ideas

Ans. To understand unemployment in easy words, let´s say that when people are willing to work but cannot find work to do is unemployment.

Ans. The five major reasons for unemployment are recession or economic downturns, changes in technology, lack of required skills or education, discrimination in the job market, shifting in industry or outsourcing of jobs to other countries.

Ans. Unemployment can be reduced by investing in education and skills development programs, and by creating a business-friendly environment for the encouragement of growth of jobs and support of entrepreneurship and innovation.

Ans. Some of the effects of unemployment include financial difficulties for individuals and families, mental and emotional stress, strain on social services and government resources and negative impact on the overall economy.

Ans. By promoting education and skill development, supporting policies that encourage job creation and collaborating with public and private sectors, we can find sustainable solutions to the problem of unemployment.

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Deepika Joshi

Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with expertise in creating educational and informative content. She has a year of experience writing content for speeches, essays, NCERT, study abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and ananlysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particulary in education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs with related to her field to further expand her expertise. In personal life, she loves creative writing and aspire to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

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Speech on Unemployment | The Human Cost of Joblessness | Short and Long | 100, 150, 200, 300 & 500 + Words

The rising unemployment rates and feeling helpless in finding a solution has become a tradition. In this speech on unemployment, we will dive into the root causes of this issue, explore potential solutions, and discover ways that each and every one of us can contribute to reducing joblessness in our communities.

Speech on Unemployment – 100 Words (Approximately 1 Minute Speech)

Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, today I stand before you to talk and shed light on a pressing issue that affects countless lives: unemployment. Unemployment occurs when people are without jobs and actively seeking work. It brings a number of challenges, from financial struggles to low self-esteem. It makes life tough for them and their families. When people don’t have jobs, they can’t buy things or have fun. I would like to state that tough time comes in everyone’s life. It’s important to stay positive and believe in ourselves. We can learn new skills, or ask for help from others in their work. Remember, hard work and determination can lead to success. Let’s support one another and never give up. Together, let’s build a future where every individual has the opportunity to thrive and contribute meaningfully to society. Thank you. Thank again you for listening patiently.

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Speech on Unemployment for Students – 150 Words (Approximately 1. 25 Minutes Speech)

Distinguished teachers , esteemed principal, beloved fellow students, and honoured school authorities, I stand before you today with great enthusiasm to discuss a matter that affects not only adults but also young people, Unemployment. It is a well-known fact that unemployment is one of the major problems of the present time. It is prevalent all over the world. The situation is even more alarming when we talk about educated youth who are unable to find suitable jobs. Despite having the required qualifications, they are jobless. The problem of unemployment has led to a lot of social problems like an increase in the crime rate, a deteriorating law and order situation, and a rise in the number of beggars on the streets. Unemployment has also resulted in a brain drain. Talented youngsters are forced to leave the country in search of better opportunities. In such a scenario, it is important for students to be aware of the causes of unemployment and its effects on society. People should also be familiar with government schemes and initiatives that are aimed at providing employment to educated youth. By being informed about these things, students can play a role in solving the problem of unemployment in our country. Thank you for listening and let us all make a positive difference in the world!

Speech on Unemployment for Students – 200 Words (Approximately 1.5 Minutes Speech)

Respected teachers , esteemed principals, beloved fellow students, and honoured school authorities, with utmost delight and gratitude, I humbly stand before this esteemed gathering today to speak on a big problem that affects many people and our society – unemployment. Unemployment is a big problem that affects everyone, including students like us. It means that people who want to work can’t find a job. we should know why it happens. Some reasons are when the economy is not doing well, When new technology takes away jobs, or when people don’t have enough education or training. We can also talk about what we can do to solve this problem. For example, as students, we can think creatively and suggest some new ideas instead of wasting time on mobile reels. Another thing we can do is to train uneducated people by finding some additional time. We need to do research and understand the topic well. By talking about the causes and possible solutions, we can raise awareness and encourage action to help people who are unemployed. It is really a big problem. Some people are affected more than others because of their background or where they live. So it is each one’s responsibility to think and suggest. I hope my words are able to change your mindset and transform the world.

Speech on Unemployment for Students – 300 Words (Approximately 2 minutes Speech)

Good morning/afternoon/evening, respected teachers and my dear friends, Today, I stand before you to shed light on a pressing issue that affects people of all ages. And has a significant impact on our society – unemployment Unemployment is a growing concern among students today. With the ever-increasing competition in the job market, it has become a challenge for fresh graduates to secure employment immediately after graduation. It is very important for students to understand how serious this problem of unemployment is and to try their best to find solutions for it. Education and skill development play crucial roles in reducing unemployment rates. Students need to be encouraged to pursue courses that are relevant and equip them with skills that are in demand. Government initiatives such as job creation schemes and entrepreneurship programs can also help alleviate this issue As students, we must actively participate in such programs or even initiate them. Ultimately, addressing unemployment requires collective efforts from all – individuals, educational institutions, government bodies, employers, etc. Working together can create more opportunities and foster economic growth. Moreover, we must adapt ourselves to the changing job market trends by learning new technologies. Being open-minded towards unconventional career paths. By doing so, we can create more job opportunities for ourselves and others. Besides the economic effects, unemployment can also have an impact on mental health. It can make people feel more stressed and hopeless when they are trying hard to manage their expenses. Students need to understand how they can contribute to shaping our economy’s future. They can start by exploring opportunities like internships or volunteering, which not only enhance their resumes but also provide valuable skills required in today’s job market. In conclusion, let’s work towards becoming versatile individuals with a variety of skills that will make us valuable in any job, rather than just focusing on basic qualifications.

current state of unemployment edumantra.net

Long Speech on Unemployment for Students (Approximately 6 minutes Speech)

Distinguished faculty members, esteemed guests, and my fellow students, Good [morning/afternoon/evening]! It is with immense pleasure and gratitude that I stand before you today to address a critical issue that affects individuals, families, and societies worldwide: unemployment. It is a pressing concern that demands our immediate attention and concerted efforts.

Introduction

Unemployment is a problem that affects millions of people worldwide, Regardless of age, gender or education level. It’s a frustrating experience for anyone who has to go through it. With the current state of the world economy, unemployment rates are on the rise in many countries. Students graduating from universities are finding it harder than ever to secure employment in their field of study.

The current state of unemployment

Based on a 48-hour work week, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 8.8% of the global working hours will be lost by 2025, equivalent to the number of hours worked in one year by 255 million full-time workers. A quarter of those jobs were lost due to reduced hours of those who remained employed, while the other half were lost due to the elimination of those jobs. Had the pandemic not occurred, the economy would have created approximately 30 million new jobs. By the close of 2021, most high-income countries had seen employment numbers reach pre-crisis levels or surpass them. Unfortunately, this upward trend was not shared with many low and middle-income countries. According to an ILO report, global labour income rose by 0.9 percent last year, primarily due to strength in high-income countries and China; however, five out of every three workers still resided in nations where labour incomes had yet to make up for the crisis. As the world had begun to progress, the Russian incursion into Ukraine and high inflation rates around the world in the last year hindered that advancement. The ILO has predicted that during the third quarter of 2022, hours worked worldwide will have dropped 1.5% from pre-Covid levels equating to 40 million lost full-time positions for that period. Moreover, by looking over all yearly data once it has been compiled and analyzed, there is expected to be an overall decrease in global employment growth compared to 2021. Disappointingly, 2023 looks like it won’t hold brighter prospects either; as per the “World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2023” report by the ILO, global work growth is only estimated at 1.0%, significantly less than the previous year.

Moving ahead I will share 5 most alarming impacts of unemployment

The first one includes Economic Consequences. Unemployment has significant effects on the economy. When people don’t have jobs, they can’t earn money to support themselves and their families. This leads to reduced spending on goods and services, which in turn affects businesses and slows down economic growth. Secondly, there are Social Challenges. Unemployment brings forth various social challenges. It can lead to an increase in crime rates as people may resort to illegal activities out of desperation. Moreover, the overall law and order situation can deteriorate, affecting the safety and well-being of communities. Unemployment can also contribute to a rise in the number of individuals resorting to begging to meet their basic needs. Thirdly there are Personal and Psychological Impacts. Being unemployed can have a profound personal and psychological impact on individuals. It can erode their self-confidence and self-esteem, leading to feelings of worthlessness and despair. The financial stress and uncertainty that come with unemployment can strain relationships and cause mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Fourthly Brain Drain and Talent Loss is the other dire impact of Unemployment. It can result in a phenomenon known as “brain drain.” Talented and educated individuals may choose to leave their home countries in search of better employment opportunities elsewhere. This talent loss can have long-term negative consequences for a nation’s growth and development. It hampers innovation and reduces the pool of skilled professionals available to contribute to various industries. Fifth is a strain on Government and Social Services- When unemployment rates are high, governments face increased pressure to provide assistance to those without jobs. Unemployment benefits and social welfare programs come under strain, as the number of recipients rises. This places a burden on public finances and may require adjustments in budget allocations, potentially affecting other areas such as education and healthcare.

Let’s move towards the causes of unemployment

There are various reasons that lead to unemployment. Some of the major causes of unemployment are: –

Lack of education and skills: One of the major causes of unemployment is lack of education and required skills. In today’s fast-paced world, employers are looking for candidates who have the right mix of qualifications and skills. Unfortunately, many job seekers do not have the necessary education or skills required for the jobs they are applying for. This mismatch between job seekers and employers leads to high levels of unemployment.

Structural changes in the economy: Another important cause of unemployment is structural changes in the economy. Structural changes refer to changes in the overall structure of an economy, such as shifts from agriculture to manufacturing or from manufacturing to service industries. These types of changes can lead to large numbers of workers becoming unemployed because their skills are no longer in demand.

Recession: A recession is a period of economic decline during which employment levels usually fall as well. Recessions can be caused by a variety of factors, such as a decrease in consumer spending, an increase in interest rates, or a stock market crash. During a recession, businesses often cut back on production and hiring, which can lead to widespread unemployment.

Technology: Technology has also played a role in causing unemployment. As technology advances, certain jobs become obsolete as machines and computers can do them more efficiently. For example, automated teller machines (ATMs) have replaced bank

If we all tighten our belts we can combat this issue collectively. There are multiple solutions to unemployment.

Enhance Skills Training: Invest in vocational training and skill development programs to bridge the gap between job requirements and individuals’ abilities.

Foster Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborate between government, private sector, and non-profit organizations for initiatives like job fairs and subsidized employment schemes.

Support Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Provide incentives, streamlined regulations, and access to capital to stimulate job creation by SMEs.

Encourage Investment and Economic Growth: Implement business-friendly policies, reduce bureaucracy, and maintain a stable economic climate to attract investment and spur job creation.

Embrace Technological Advancements: Adapt education and training to equip individuals with digital skills for jobs in emerging fields like AI and renewable energy.

Strengthen Social Safety Nets: Provide temporary support through unemployment benefits and active labour market policies for retraining and job assistance.

Promote Sustainable Development: Invest in green sectors such as renewable energy and sustainable agriculture to generate employment while addressing environmental challenges.

Unemployment is a serious issue that affects individuals and society as a whole. It creates financial instability for families and can lead to increased crime rates and social unrest. The causes of unemployment are complex, ranging from economic downturns to technological advancements. However, there are solutions available to combat this problem. Governments can implement policies that promote job creation and provide training programs for those who need new skills in emerging industries. Businesses can also play their part by investing in research and development to create new jobs. As students, it’s essential to be aware of the impact that unemployment has on our lives and communities. We must strive towards acquiring skills that make us competitive in the job market while advocating for policies that prioritize employment opportunities. Let us all work together towards building an inclusive economy where everyone has access to decent work opportunities!

1.Why doesn’t PM Narendra Modi talk about unemployment in any speech? It is possible that PM Modi may choose not to address the topic of unemployment in certain speeches for various reasons. These reasons could include focusing on other aspects of governance, prioritizing different issues, or delivering speeches that align with specific objectives or themes.

2. Why didn’t Modi speak about the unemployment issue at the Independence Day 2020 speech? Modi did not address the unemployment issue during the Independence Day 2020 speech due to a variety of reasons, such as time constraints, focusing on other priorities, or addressing different topics deemed more significant.

3. Why does Modi & his administration keep ignoring the declining manufacturing jobs in India? It is possible that Modi and his administration have their own reasons for the way they approach the issue of declining manufacturing jobs in India. These reasons could include focusing on other sectors of the economy, implementing different strategies to address unemployment, or having priorities that are influenced by various factors.

4. Why does Mr Modi not seem worried about massive unemployment in India? He seems more interested in taking selfies and giving useless speeches about useless things. When it comes to Mr Modi’s perspective on unemployment in India, it is possible that Mr Modi has his own reasons for the way he prioritizes his actions and speeches. These reasons could include addressing a wide range of issues, focusing on long-term strategies for economic growth, or aiming to inspire and engage the public through various means.

5. Can students on OPT apply for unemployment? students on Optional Practical Training (OPT) in the United States may be eligible to apply for unemployment benefits under certain circumstances. The eligibility criteria and specific regulations surrounding this issue can vary, so it’s recommended for students to consult with the relevant authorities, such as the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and the state’s unemployment agency, to get accurate and up-to-date information regarding their specific situation

6. Can college students apply for unemployment? college students may be eligible to apply for unemployment benefits under certain circumstances. Eligibility criteria can vary depending on factors such as the student’s location, employment history, and local regulations. It is advisable for college students to check with the relevant authorities or their state’s unemployment agency to get accurate information about their specific situation and the requirements for applying for unemployment benefits.

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Speech about unemployment [1,2,3,5 minutes], 1 minute speech about unemployment.

What is Unemployment?

Unemployment is a state of being without work. It is the opposite of employment.

The term “unemployment” has been used since the 19th century to describe a person not working for reasons such as retirement, illness, or family responsibilities.

Causes of Unemployment

The causes of unemployment are numerous. Some of the most common causes include an aging population, technological advancements, and globalization.

In the United States, the unemployment rate has been steadily increasing since 2007. This is a result of many factors such as globalization, automation and technological advancements.

How to overcome Unemployment?

Unemployment is a major issue in the world. Many countries have been facing this problem for years. So, what are the ways to overcome unemployment?

One way is to invest in education and skills. This will help people find jobs with better salaries than they would have found otherwise. Another way is to invest in job creation by investing in new industries or companies that can provide jobs for people who are out of work.

2 Minutes Speech about Unemployment

Unemployment is a state in which a person is without work and without an income. It can happen to anyone, whether it’s someone who loses their job or someone who quits their job.

Unemployment is defined as the absence of work. However, this definition does not include people who are retired or taking care of family members.

The definition of unemployment can be different depending on the country and region. In some countries, the unemployment rate may be calculated by comparing the number of people who are actively looking for jobs with those that are employed.

Unemployed people are very vulnerable to losing their income and benefits. Some of the causes of unemployment include a lack of skills, being overqualified, and not having the right experience.

Unemployment is caused by a number of factors such as:

– Lack of skills

– Not having the right experience

– Being overqualified

Unemployment is a significant concern for many people in the United States. There are many different ways to combat unemployment and to find a job. Some strategies include increasing productivity, creating new jobs, and making use of available resources.

The first step in overcoming unemployment is to take stock of what you have and what you need. What can you do that will allow you to make ends meet? What skills do you have that could be beneficial for someone else?

3 Minutes Speech about Unemployment

Unemployment is when a person is not able to work for an employer because there are not enough jobs available. It can be caused by several different factors, but it should be noted that unemployment does not always mean that the person is out of work.

A major cause of unemployment is the lack of job opportunities in certain areas. This means that people who want to work in a specific area have no way to do so and must look for other options.

Unemployment can also be caused by high levels of automation, which causes many jobs to disappear or become automated.

Unemployment is caused by a number of factors including the global financial crisis, technological advancement and the changing nature of work.

There are a lot of reasons for unemployment in the current job market. Some causes include global financial crisis, technological advancement and changing nature as well as job market structure.

The causes of unemployment can be divided into two categories: structural and conjunctural. Structural causes are those that happen in the economy, such as changes in labour laws or changes in technology. Conjunctural causes are those that happen during specific periods such as economic recessions or periods when there is a high demand for workers but not enough jobs to go around.

Unemployment is a global issue that has been affecting the world for decades. It is an economic problem that is not going away anytime soon.

There are several ways to overcome unemployment such as:

– Education: This can be done through vocational training or higher education.

– Flexible working hours: This can help people who need to work part time or full time in order for them to earn more money and have a better quality of life.

– Job sharing: This helps people who are looking for a new job but also want to work with their current employer.

5 Minutes Speech about Unemployment

Unemployment is a term used to describe the state of having no work. It is the absence of work that leads to people not being able to find jobs.

Types of Unemployment

There are four types of unemployment:

1) Structural unemployment – This type refers to a situation where there is a mismatch between the skills required by employers and those possessed by workers.

2) Cyclical unemployment – This type refers to an economic cycle which has led to increased demand for labor but decreased supply, leading to high levels of unemployment during recessions.

3) Frictional unemployment – This type refers to the period of time it takes for workers searching for new jobs or changing careers.

4) Voluntary unemployment – This type refers to when people choose not working because they are retired, taking care of children or looking after family members, etc.

The causes of unemployment are not as simple as they seem. There are a lot of factors that contribute to the higher rate of unemployment in the United States.

The causes of unemployment in the US include:

1) The rise in automation and technology

2) The decline in manufacturing

3) The rise in the service sector

4) Labor market segmentation

5) Demographic changes

Unemployment is a major issue that many countries are facing. There are various ways to overcome unemployment. Some of them include retraining and education, while others include entrepreneurship, community development, and social enterprise.

In the past few decades, the nature of work has changed drastically. As a result, there has been an increase in unemployment rates in many countries. This is because people are no longer able to find jobs that they can do for a living or find work that fits their skillset.

There are various ways to overcome unemployment including retraining and education as well as entrepreneurship and social enterprise.

major issue that the world is facing today. It is one of the most common problems that people face in their life. Today, it is a challenge for everyone to find a job.

It has been reported that unemployment rates are on the rise and are expected to reach 10% by 2020. However, there are many ways in which you can overcome this problem and find a job even if you don’t have any experience or education.

The article talks about how you can use your skillset to get hired even if you don’t have any experience or education.How to overcome Unemployment?

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Long And Short Speech For Everyone

Speech On Unemployment

Good morning respected principal teachers and my dear fellows

Not just in India, but all throughout the world, unemployment is a very severe and significant issue. Millions of people around the world are without a job of any kind or employment.

Furthermore, unemployment is a very serious issue in India. The rising population and employment demand in India are the primary causes of unemployment.

Furthermore, if we ignore this issue, it will ultimately lead to the collapse of the nation. We are all aware of how severe the unemployment issue is. It seriously impedes national development and causes a number of social issues.

India, the second-most populated nation in the world, is well recognized for having frightening unemployment rates. When compared to now, unemployment was not an urgent problem approximately five decades ago, as we can see if we take a brief glance at the past.

Do you know there are many different types of unemployment? Including structural unemployment, open unemployment, seasonal unemployment, and disguised unemployment. Other types of unemployment include cyclical unemployment, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment, and casual unemployment.

Today’s unemployment is due to the enormous population growth that has occurred since that time. There are other reasons too. These factors include increasing population, industrial automation, changes in the skills that are needed, a lack of employers, etc. It is regrettable to mention that our educational system plays a significant role in this issue.

The reason behind this is that there is a vast discrepancy between the talents we learn in school and what employers value. It is alarming to learn that employers frequently wind up stealing workers from rival companies because they were unable to get the talent they were looking for. The school system makes it difficult for employers to discover qualified candidates as well as for young people to find suitable employment.

Do you know the impacts of it? If this issue persists for a while, unemployment will grow to be a significant problem for both the community and the country. The rise in poverty is another issue that can be recognized as a result of unemployment. These issues result in crimes such as labor exploitation, political unrest, mental health issues, and skill loss. All of these could eventually have a very negative impact on the country.

To create jobs, numerous plans and ideas have been put into practice. To encourage self-employment and assist unemployed persons in taking up public labor, numerous employment programs and laws have been implemented. The Indian government has implemented a number of policy steps to address the issue of unemployment. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is the best example.

Despite the steps the government has made, India continues to have serious unemployment issues. It can be handled by providing education in a way that gives young people the skills they need to find employment quickly.

Youth employment will be aided by the establishment of numerous occupational programs and courses for undergraduate and graduate students. To ensure that children are competent in these subjects in their formative years, the government must emphasize these courses at the primary level and make them a requirement of the curriculum.

Schools and colleges should offer career counseling so that students can select a better career option based on their interests and abilities. The government should increase the number of jobs available to graduates and young people.

India is a fast-growing economy. The unemployment sector has a great deal of room for improvement. The government’s numerous initiatives and actions to raise the employment rate have largely been successful. The numerous skill development programs have become more well-liked around the country. The employment level can be greatly increased with greater strategy enforcement. However, there is still a long way to go before we can guarantee that everyone in India will find work.

We may claim that the issue of unemployment is one that affects us all equally. All of us require employment in order to ensure our financial future. We need to provide for our family and our own needs through working. We require money for all of these things, and employment is the source of money. Everyone must work to earn a living, and we cannot work unless and until we find employment.

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1 Minute Speech on Unemployment In English

A very good morning to one and all present here. Today, I will be giving a short speech on the topic of ‘Unemployment’.

Google simply defines the term ‘unemployment’ to be “the state of being unemployed.” Wikipedia, on the other hand, gives a much more detailed explanation. It states as follows: “Unemployment, according to the OECD, is people above a specified age not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period. Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, which is the number of people who are unemployed as a percentage of the labour force.”

Broadly speaking, unemployment can be classified into 10 different categories. Namely, they are Cyclical Unemployment, Frictional Unemployment, Structural Unemployment, Natural Unemployment, Long-Term Unemployment, Seasonal Unemployment, Classical Unemployment, Underemployment, Regional Unemployment, and Voluntary Unemployment. Again, Disguised Unemployment can also be taken as a form of unemployment, often seen in farms and rural areas.

The unemployment rate in India rose to 8.30 percent in 2022, owing to Covid-19.

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Speech on Unemployment in Simple and Easy words

Table of Contents

We all know that India as a nation is dealing with the problem of unemployment and our government is trying to implement some effective measures to grant employment to the people of its country. The youth of the nation is suffering due to no or incompatible job opportunities. Since it’s such a pertinent issue for all of us, everyone is seen addressing this issue either publicly or at school, colleges, etc., in order to educate the masses. Therefore, at times one needs to prepare a brief speech on unemployment. If you are looking to prepare one in order to impress your teacher or leave an impact on your audience, then you may refer to our both short and long speeches on unemployment and complete your task without any hassles.

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Speech on Unemployment

Unemployment speech – 1.

Respected Managers and Dear Colleagues!

As the increasing threat of recession is looming over our heads, it has become necessary to talk about it at least amongst our fraternity. We all know that our co-employees are being laid off due to the scarcity of work and the dwindling financial condition of our organization. It’s a time that needs to be handled with utmost patience and ingenuity.

We never know that one day while walking through the office, any of us may be told by our manager, “Sorry, but it’s your last day in the office today”. Now you all must have started contemplating what you will do then, how you will make money and run your family. So let’s face this situation with dexterity and smartness. However, before we engage in a conversation or discussion, please allow me to deliver a concise speech on unemployment so that you have an insight into the things and thereafter are able to evaluate your own circumstances with the situation of the masses. Trust me; it will give you a lot of encouragement to brave the situation boldly.

There are mainly three forms of unemployment – labor class, who is illiterate, educated people without being technically qualified and lastly technical people, such as engineers. Let us know about them one by one.

With labor class, the situation is such that they have to constantly look for employment opportunities as they earn wages on a daily basis; hence they club themselves at a particular place to be able to obtain regular employment somewhere. In this precarious situation, sometimes they are able to find employment and sometimes not. But they have habituated themselves to survive in the latter condition even though it is frustrating at times for them too when they are unable to meet their basic requirements of food and clothing. Situation is quite similar for the city laborers also as they manage to get seasonal employment in some big farm or field, which help them to survive.

As the population of literate people is growing day by day, the government is unable to accommodate them at the workplaces. Already our educated youth is discontented with the incompetent wages given to them and the threat of unemployment leaves them even more frustrated. It is quite unfortunate that they are made to meander through the dark roads. Since they don’t possess any practical experience or technical expertise, they only end up looking for clerical jobs, which are not enough to accommodate the growing number of literate people.

Then those who possess technical qualification get even more frustrated because they are unable to find a good job at par with their academic qualification. Since the number of people acquiring technical expertise is increasing day by day, therefore even they get caught in the trap of unemployment. It’s good that more and more people are educating themselves and are also going for higher educational levels too; but sadly the government is proving inefficient to offer them good employment opportunities. Hence, the growing anger and frustration in our youth has become so evident these days.

But instead of increasing our frustration, we should think of combating this situation, may be through generating self-employment opportunities and channelizing our energy in that direction. In this manner, the grave problem of unemployment can be tackled to a great extent. That’s all I have to say.

Unemployment Speech – 2

Dear Employees!

It’s a rare occasion that I get to interact with all my employees under one roof the way that I am doing today. There is nothing special in the present day and behind our coming here; however as a director of the company I realized that there ought to be no communication gap between me and my employees. Secondly, if there is any concern or issue with any one of you then please feel free to put it across the table. The management would certainly try to resolve it or would bring the necessary changes in the organization.

Amidst the growing recession period, I would request everybody to join hands together and work unanimously towards the betterment of our company. In fact, we should consider ourselves fortunate that we have a job at hand and good growth prospects. Look at those who are not fairly employed or are unemployed despite a good educational background.

Do you know that the count of people, who are without a job, is increasing day by day in our country? According to experts, this is mainly owing to the economic slowdown as well as sluggish expansion in business activities that have brought the doom of employment generation.

Ideally, it’s the government that should expedite its growth measures in order to facilitate skill-based training activities so that the gap between demand and supply of work skills can be filled and necessary qualification can be given. This can also help resolve the long-term issue of unemployment.

Though there are people who remain unemployed by choice and are not willing to work, this will not be termed as unemployment. Unemployment is that situation when a person wishes to work, but is not able to find for himself/herself a qualified job. There is no doubt that our nation is grappling with this grave issue of unemployment. Unfortunately, many engineers, doctors, graduates or even post graduates are either unemployed or underemployed. Due to rising unemployment, the nation is merely wasting its human resource or is not able to unleash its benefits entirely.

In India, the rate of unemployment is depicting a growing trend since 2011 when it was 3.5 percent. Gradually, it increased to 3.6% in the year 2012 and further rose to 3.7% in the year 2013. Since then, the percentage is never seeing its decline. In fact, it has also been observed that at every stage of education, particularly at the higher levels, rate of female unemployment has always surpassed male employment.

The most important step that our government should take is to enforce strict population control measures and encourage its people to have small families. Then, some scrupulous measures should be taken to improve the quality of Indian education system. Our education system should be more focused on developing skills or providing practical training rather than confining itself to theoretical knowledge.

Then, new possibilities of employment should be created by setting-up small-scale and cottage industries. When people will be self-employed, they will not run after for jobs and would rather be able to employ others in their start-ups.

Now, may I invite the opinions of my employees on this issue of unemployment and also some concrete suggestions to combat it.

Unemployment Speech – 3

Good Morning Honorable Principal, Honorable Teachers and My Dear Friends!

As I begin, I would like to ask all the senior students a question that how many of you know that what you are going to do in your future? Nobody knows! Today, I am here to deliver a speech on unemployment that is directly related to my question and our future because it could be the worst problem that we all are going to face in our life after our education completion. As we all know that India is a huge country with 1.32 billion of population and thus it became a difficult task for our government to provide jobs to all the job seekers in the country. India has approximately 356 million youth population and probably all of them want to earn money but it is not an easy task for the government to provide all of them a job.

There are many reasons behind the rise of this problem. First of all, our education system is not appropriate. Our education should be job oriented but unfortunately it is been fixed up to the bookish knowledge. Students spend their whole time at school in reading books and writing but they also need some practical or job oriented knowledge. Second problem is our country’s huge population. This is because of the lack of knowledge among people about the values and benefits of a small family. Due to the lack of education and knowledge, our country has the second highest population around the world that creates a shortage of jobs for people living in the country.

There are some schemes and programs that are launched by our Indian government for solving the problem of unemployment in the country. First, in 2005, the government had launched Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act that guarantee a 100 day employment for an unemployed person in a year. In 200 of the district it has been implemented and will be expanded to 600 districts further. Under this scheme, a person is paid 150 Rs per day. Another scheme that was also launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment of India called National Career Service Portal (a web portal) (www.ncs.gov.in). By the help of this portal, a person who is seeking for a job could avail the information about job updates and vacancies. In this portal, private vacancies and contractual jobs that are available in government sector are available in this portal.

One more facility that government has provided is a weekly newspaper titled Employment News that can be available in every Saturday evening. It contains all the detailed information regarding government jobs and vacancies available in India. It also contains notifications regarding government exams and recruitment procedure for government jobs. Besides these schemes, there is also a choice of self-employing through business etc. If a person starts a company then it provides jobs for many unemployed people and it is a good solution for this problem.

On this note I would like to conclude my speech and I hope that my speech would be useful for your future.

Thank you and I wish you all a great day ahead!

Also Read: Essay on Unemployment for Children and Students

Unemployment Speech – 4

Good Morning Respected Principal, Respected Teachers and My Dear Students!

Today, this seminar has been organized for the discussion over a very important aspect from which mostly every person could go through and that is unemployment and as a teacher, I have got this opportunity to host this seminar. First of all let me tell you about unemployment. It is a state when a person who is qualified and is eligible for job but does not find any. The problem of unemployment has continued from many years and is still a major issue for every person who willing to find a job. In a country like India, it becomes such a difficult task for a government to provide jobs to every job seeker. There are many reasons for the lack of employment in India. One of the reasons for unemployment is that India is a developing country and hence the country is getting modernized, it is lacking in jobs because of the excess use of technological machines. Industries started using heavy machines in the place of many workers and thus the workers are getting laid off and unemployed. Especially, old people who live alone are facing a lot of problems due to modernization and use of technology.

There are many other reasons such as our country’s education system which focuses only on the bookish knowledge and much less on practical knowledge. This kind of education system is called as degree oriented system but we actually need a system which is career oriented. If a person has completed many years in school and colleges and is still not ready for a job then what is the outcome of those years and study. There is a need of change in our education system. There should be some vocational studies that will help in enhancing the skills of the students. Another reason could be the thinking of people. Everybody wants to have a government job and that is quite impossible. Students should get praised and provoked for starting their own business. Mainly parents or teachers create a fear in a mind of student that there is a huge risk of failure in business or self-employment. This is also one of the reasons of lack of jobs because if a person starts a business then it provide jobs to many job seekers.

One of the main reasons of the lack of job opportunity in India is its population. We get to see thousands of people who compete for one position. India is a second most populated country around the world. It is quite difficult to provide millions of people a job in government sector. There is a need for encouraging the interest of students and showing them the correct path through which they could defeat this problem. As a teacher, I would like to advise you to choose your own interest as a career option.

On this note I would like to conclude my speech and extend special thanks to our honorable principal ma’am for giving me this opportunity.

Speech on Unemployment

Unemployment is one of the most important metrics used by most economists to gauge whether an economy is doing well or not. But why is it that most nations that have a sound economy often have high figures of unemployment? One of the simple reasons could be that as companies become more competitive with each other, one of the first things to be slashed down happens to be the wages and extra personnel they may have hired in the past.

With more companies focusing on downsizing in order to compete more effectively, this has resulted in increasing unemployment. And then there’s the question of illegal migrants who are willing to work for far less which has led many companies to move their base of operations overseas. As you can see, various factors including a failing economy can help contribute to an increasing trend of unemployment.

A few governments including the US have enacted laws to protect their citizens and to prevent companies from shifting their center of operations overseas by providing these companies with tax benefits and at the same time, forcing these companies to hire only Americans. Even France has enacted a series of protectionist measures, but as most experts would concur, that it is not possible to force a sentiment on a market and that protectionist measures have shown that they have this remarkable tendency to backfire. As a result of rampant unemployment and little by way of equitable benefits, most of the workforce, the world over earn less than they normally would and the benefits are sparse at the most.

Given this scenario, it is not unexpected for those who remain unemployed to develop chronic depression, and some have even taken the step towards committing suicide. A recent study highlighted the increasing tendency of those unemployed to develop chronic depression. This further exacerbates their current situation as they often fail to take the initiative and take advantage of fresh new opportunities. And then there’s the associated emotional cost involved with being unemployed which pushes them further into depression which eventually ends up with suicide.

Most governments realize that unemployment Is an insidious menace and one that needs to be tackled right away which is why most governments have instituted a process by which they hope to curb both inflation and unemployment. While most governments focus more on offering sops to companies to cajole them to boost their recruitment rankings, India it seems is determined to think out of the box where unemployment is concerned. The PM of India has instead opted to focus on entrepreneurship, as an effective way to create more enterprises/ companies and in the process, help bring down the unemployment stats.

If you have got the pink slip and are unemployed at the moment, please remember that you can always apply for another job and it is not the end of the world. Granted that landing a new job with equitable pay is hard and not as easy as it sounds; you just need to remain focused, and determined, and soon in no time at all, you should have a new job.

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AP®︎/College Macroeconomics

Course: ap®︎/college macroeconomics > unit 2.

Unemployment rate primer
Natural, cyclical, structural, and frictional unemployment rates
Worked free response question on unemployment

Lesson summary: Unemployment

Unemployment
Types of unemployment and the natural rate of unemployment

Lesson overview

Key takeaways, the labor force participation rate (lfpr), limitations of the unemployment rate, three types of unemployment, the natural rate of unemployment, changes in the natural rate of unemployment (nru), key equations, the labor force:, the unemployment rate (ur), common misperceptions.

Not everyone who is out of work is unemployed. In order to be counted as unemployed you have to be out of work, looking for work, and able to accept a job if one is offered to you. If you are out of work and not looking, then you are considered “not in the labor force” rather than unemployed.
We tend to think of unemployment as an undesirable thing, but a certain amount of unemployment is actually part of a healthy economy. Structural unemployment occurs when new industries are created and old industries become obsolete. For example, when we moved from using horses and buggies to using cars to get around, this put a lot of buggy makers in the structurally unemployed category.
Frictional unemployment might not seem very fun, but consider what it means to have zero unemployment—nobody ever looks for a job, they just remain in whatever job they are given! In fact, a number of dystopian novels have been written in which everyone in a society is automatically assigned a fixed career (such as the Divergent series). Those societies have zero frictional unemployment, but they are also quite unpleasant if you are unhappy with that career!
A decrease in the unemployment rate isn’t necessarily a sign of an improving economy. When people stop looking for jobs and drop out of the labor force as discouraged workers, the unemployment rate will decrease even though the true employment situation hasn’t gotten any better. This is why it is important to look at both changes in the unemployment rate and changes in the labor force participation rate. Looking at both changes let’s you get a more complete idea about changes in the employment situation.

Discussion Questions:

An inventor in Burginville developed a fantastic new dictation machine that perfectly records speech and turns it into a typed document. Unfortunately, that meant that unemployment increased among typists working in offices. Which type of unemployment is this? Explain. Solution, please. This is structural unemployment because typists skills are no longer desired. The changing structure of office work has resulted in people losing their jobs.
The nation of Fitlandia has 120 , 000 ‍ people. Of these, 20 , 000 ‍ are children under the age of 16, 72,000 ‍ have jobs, 8,000 ‍ don’t have jobs and are looking for work, and 20,000 ‍ people are retired. Assuming that these are all noninstitutionalized civilians, calculate the labor force participation rate and the unemployment rate. I think I got it. Can I check my work? L F = # Employed + # Unemployed = 72,000 + 8,000 = 80,000 L F P R = L F Eligible Population × 100 % = 80,000 100,000 × 100 % = 80 % U R = # Unemployed # Labor Force × 100 % = 8,000 80,000 × 100 % = 10 % ‍
Explain why a decrease in the unemployment rate can actually signal a tough job market.

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Unemployment Essay

500+ words essay on unemployment.

Unemployment is a serious problem among young people. There are thousands of people who do not have any work to do and cannot find work for themselves. Unemployment refers to the situation where a person wants to work but cannot find employment in the labour market. One of the major reasons that contribute to unemployment is the large population of India and the limited availability of resources. In this essay on unemployment, we will discuss all these issues responsible for unemployment in India and how we can overcome this problem. Students must go through this unemployment essay to get ideas on how to write an effective essay on the topic related to unemployment. Also, they can practice more CBSE essays on different topics to boost their writing skills.

Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, defined as the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for the year 2013-14 in rural India was 4.7%, whereas it was 5.5% for urban India. In the short term, unemployment significantly reduces a person’s income and, in the long term, it reduces their ability to save for retirement and other goals. Unemployment is a loss of valuable productive resources to the economy. The impact of job loss in rural and regional areas flows through the local community, damaging businesses.

Reason for Unemployment

An unemployed person is one who is an active member of the labour force and is seeking work but is unable to find any work for himself. There are multiple reasons behind the unemployment of a person. One of them is the slow economic growth, due to which jobs in adequate numbers are not created. Excessive dependence on agriculture and slow growth of non-farm activities also limit employment generation. Unemployment in urban areas is mainly the result of substantial rural migration to urban areas. This has also resulted in a labour workforce in cities. The lack of technology and proper machinery has also contributed to unemployment.

The present educational system is based on theoretical knowledge instead of practical work. Thus, it lacks the development of aptitude and technical qualifications required for various types of work among job seekers. This has created a mismatch between the need and availability of relevant skills and training. This results in unemployment, especially among the youth and educated people with high degrees and qualifications. Apart from it, the lack of investment and infrastructure has led to inadequate employment opportunities in different sectors.

Steps to Eliminate Unemployment

Various strategies and proposals have been implemented to generate employment. Many Employment programmes and policies have been introduced and undertaken to boost self-employment and help unemployed people engage in public works. The Government of India has taken several policy measures to fight the problem of unemployment. Some of the measures are the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), National Skill Development Mission, Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).

Despite the measures taken by the government, India remains a country experiencing severe unemployment problems. It can be resolved by imparting education in such a way that youth get the necessary skills so as to get employment easily. Setting up various vocational training and vocational courses for undergraduate and postgraduate students will help in finding employment for youth. The government needs to emphasise these courses at the primary level and make them a compulsory part of the curriculum to make students proficient in their early stages of life. Career counselling should be provided within schools and colleges so that students can choose a better career option based on their interests and ability. Government should create more job opportunities for the youth and graduates.

India is a fast-growing economy. There is an enormous scope for improvement in the unemployment sector. The various measures and steps taken by the government to increase the employment rate have succeeded to a great extent. The widespread skill development programmes have gained popularity across the nation. With better enforcement of the strategies, the employment level can be significantly improved. Although, we have to go a long way before we can say that all the people in India will get employment.

We hope this essay on unemployment must have helped students in boosting their essay-writing skills. Keep learning and visiting the BYJU’S website for more study material.

Frequently Asked Questions on Unemployment Essay

Is unemployment still an existing problem in india.

Yes, unemployment is still a serious issue in our country. Steps need to be taken by the government and also by the youngsters in India to improve this situation.

Is it necessary for schoolchildren to be informed about unemployment?

Students at this young age should definitely be informed about this topic as it will motivate them to study and aim for higher scores in exams.

What points are to be added to an essay topic on Unemployment?

Add details about different age groups of people suffering from this state of employment. You can focus on the fact that poverty is an indirect reason for unemployment and vice-versa. Then, suggest steps that can be taken to bring about an improvement in education and increase the percentage of literacy.

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Unemployment Speech | Speech on Unemployment Speech for Students and Children in English

Unemployment Speech: Unemployment is a severe issue restrained to any particular country but faced by all countries of the world during a period of recession. However, the type of unemployment may vary from one country to another, like India’s case; it is chronic unemployment, which has made it a significant problem in India.

Unemployment can be defined as the unavailability of jobs for people who are willing to work. Among many reasons, high population and consequently increase in demand has led to the unemployment problem in India. However, in some other countries, unemployment may occur due to the recession period of the business cycle.

Unemployment should not be ignored in a country as it can become the reason for its doom if not taken into account.

Students can also find more English Speech Writing about Welcome Speeches, Farewell Speeches, etc

Long And Short Speeches On Unemployment for Kids And Students in English

In this article, we provide a long speech for students and children on the Unemployment problem with about 500 words and another short speech with 150 words approximately on the same topic.

These speeches can help anyone who is looking forward to presenting a speech on the topic, as mentioned above, be it students, teachers, or any other research person.

Furthermore, we have also included ten Lines on the topic and some FAQs to make the content clearer to our readers.

A Long Speech on Unemployment is helpful for students of classes 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. A Short Speech on Unemployment is helpful to students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Long Speech On Unemployment 500 Words In English

Good morning/afternoon/ evening to everyone present here, I am obliged to welcome each of you to discuss a severe and emerging problem of the world, unemployment.

Before getting into the topic, I would like to give a small gist of how and why a country is faced with unemployment. Some of the most common and primary reasons could be population growth, slow economic growth, slow growth of service and economic sectors, seasonal unemployment and decrease of small scale industries, etc.

These being some of the most common reasons for unemployment in India, the situation has worsened so much that people with high degrees are on the verge of unemployment either due to no jobs or due to a low pay scale. Apart from these, there is a significant population in India that is linked to the agricultural sector.

In the agricultural sector as well we get disguised unemployment, without people even being aware of it. Another problem of the agricultural sector is that many crops or plantations only provide employment during the harvesting month or when the crop is finally ready to be sold; the remaining time proves to be jobless for many farmers. This gives rise to seasonal unemployment.

Unemployment is a tragedy for the individual who feels he/ she is incapable of earning a living and for their families who have to go through a hard time. Moreover, it is a tragedy for the country and cannot cater to the rising talent among its youth, and misses out on the untapped talent.

The youth of the country or the young generation is hard-working, and they are ambitious. They have great talent, but it becomes difficult to even for the Government to cater to huge demand, and this has given more condition to the idea of “the best one wins.”

The population of educated people is increasing by each passing day, and the Government is unable to employ them at workplaces. The literate youth is not satisfied with the inconsistent salary offered to them, and the danger of unemployment makes the situation worse.

Since most youths do not have the technical knowledge or practical expertise, they are also offered clerical jobs with not enough to accommodate their satisfactional needs.

Those who have technical knowledge even face more disappointment as they cannot get a decent job as per their qualifications due to the long lists of applicants available.

Though it was perfect that people are becoming more aware of the situation now and most of them are getting educated to secure a better future, one should have technical skills and knowledge of their studies that can help them in the long run. The change of curriculum by the Government will also help to improve this problem.

Thus, we have to overcome the situation of unemployment as a country, and each of us need to work on ourselves to make a better future. The Government should also take further steps to cater to the increasing yet talented demand.

Lastly, I would like to thank you, the audience, for having patience and turning up today for this noble cause.

Short Speech On Unemployment 150 Words In English

A very good morning/ evening to one and all present here, I appreciate your efforts to gather here to discuss the problem of unemployment in today’s world.

Unemployment is a significant problem in almost all countries of the world, be it developing or developed. However, the incidence of unemployment is different in both cases.

In the first case, the problem is chronic and affects the economy and wellbeing of the people. However, in developed countries, unemployment instead occurs due to the recession in the business cycle and temporary. It can also be voluntary unemployment, which does not affect the wellbeing of individuals.

India being a developing country, is no exception.

Here we have chronic unemployment, which has resulted in the brain drain of our country and many potent problems faced by our youth. Though the IT sectors have developed over the years, the underdevelopment of other sectors aggravates the problem.

Thus, government initiatives are required in this regard for a better future of the coming generation.

10 Lines On Unemployment Speech In English

The young generation is three times more likely to remain unemployed than the older generation.
It is estimated that 23% of the youth are currently unemployed in the world.
Seventy-five million people are trained each year but have no job.
In the year 2013, there were about 157.1 unemployed people throughout the world’s developing countries.
Among all regions, east India has the highest rate of unemployment.
However, 4.5% of East Asia’s unemployment rate, which is quite low.
Among other developing regions of the world, sub-Saharan Africa has the second most jobless people, followed by South Asia.
Around 600 million young people aged between 15-24 years are not into education, employment, or training.
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that the global youth unemployment rate is expected to reach 13.1% in 2016 and remained throughout 2017.
Almost 90% of young people live in developing countries in the world.

FAQs On Unemployment Speech

Question 1. What are unemployment insurance benefits?

Answer: Unemployment benefits refer to partial replacement of regular earnings and help one to meet expenses while one looks for another job. They are not based on financial needs.

Question 2. How do I stop claiming unemployment benefits?

Answer: The simple way to stop one’s claim is t stop filling your weekly claims. One may stop claiming at any time they wish to during the benefit year.

Question 3. In which type of employment, marginal productivity is zero?

Answer: In disguised unemployment, marginal productivity is zero because many workers are involved in the agricultural sector, whereas their contribution to the total output is zero.

Question 4. What type of unemployment is found in developed countries?

Answer: Voluntary unemployment is the most common type of unemployment found in developed countries.

Speech on Unemployment

Unemployment is one of the serious problems that India faces today. Governments after governments have done their bit, but still, the number of youth is unemployed. To understand the problem and the factors leading to it as well as its solutions; I have given below three speeches on unemployment for my readers.

Short and Long Speech on Unemployment

Good afternoon everyone. Respected Principal Sir, teachers, and my very dear friends. I am here to give a speech on unemployment.

We all know how big a problem is unemployment. It severely hampers the growth of the nation and generates various social problems. It is well known that being the world’s second-most populous country, India has alarming unemployment statistics.

If we look a little back, we would know that unemployment wasn’t an alarming issue around five decades back as it is today. Tremendous population growth since then is to be blamed for unemployment today.

Having said that I must say that two things need to be implemented on war footings to counter unemployment. Firstly, there should be an effective family planning policy to control any further rise in population. Secondly, the government should start thinking about providing a means of income generation rather than traditional employment.

I am happy that the Government of India has introduced schemes like Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), which provides financial and technical aid to the rural population for generating their own source of income.

It is only in these schemes and their effective implementation that India’s answer to unemployment lies. Thank You!

Good morning dear friends! A very warm welcome to our Principal Sir, teachers, and respected guests. I am here to give a speech on unemployment.

As you all know that unemployment is a burning issue these days. It is very common to see political parties blaming each other for the present unemployment status in the country. But, I would only say that it is very easy to put blame on others and very difficult to find solutions. My appeal to all the political parties whether in power or in opposition is that we should overcome the differences and must find a solution for the unemployment, together, for it is damaging the growth of the nation, more than anything else.

Let’s talk about some statics to let you know how severe the situation is. The unemployment data is collected every five years by the Ministry of Employment and labor. Around 31 million Indians are jobless. Also around 393 million work in poor conditions with no job security at all.

With these statistics, it is easy to assess the problems India faces in the form of unemployment. Few are employed and many even face the danger of losing their job.

This puts tremendous pressure on the government to generate employment. But, the already over-employed government and private sectors provide less hope. So what should the government do? The solution lies in opening up and expanding the venues of self-employment.

Rather than generating jobs, the government must concentrate on giving a regular source of income to the unemployed. This may come in the form of loans handed out for opening a shop or small trades like handicrafts, honey farming, and several other similar industries.

People must be provided financial aid and necessary training in their respective trades of choice. I think this is the most feasible solution to tackle unemployment. Thank You!

Good Morning everyone! I am thankful to you all for giving your precious time for this assembly. I am grateful to Principal Sir and teachers for giving me this opportunity to address you all today.

I am here to give a speech on education and I hope that you will all enjoy it and also try to understand my views.

We all know how important is an education in our life and what role it plays in shaping our future. In fact, education not only shapes the future of an individual but also the future of the society as well. After all, society is nothing but a group of individuals, so the more educated they are, the better oriented and disciplined society will be.

Education, most importantly, the primary education, must be provided to every child. Because, I believe that a childhood without education will lead to a life of poverty, misery, and unemployment. A nation that is still a developing economy, can’t take that chance!

The solution to most of the problems that we face today – poverty, unemployment, despair, crime, etc. lies in educating our children and masses. If we educate our children today, we will have literate and worth citizens tomorrow.

We also need to understand that education has many spheres where it could be implemented. It is not necessary that education only means reading books, sitting on benches and writing exams, etc. There is a lot more to it that we must acknowledge now.

There is something called vocational education; I am sure many of you must have heard the word before. Vocational education is a kind of training program provided to the students to make them industry-ready. Several skills required by the industries are imparted into the students so that they can be employed easily in the respective industries. This is like a life-saving program for those who didn’t have a chance to gain a formal education. It also significantly reduces unemployment in society and raises the living standard.

Then there is adult education. I think that adult education is one of the most important forms of education, which has the potential for transforming society as a whole. It is a kind of informal education meant for the uneducated adults, provided by volunteers and teachers.

There are many adults who have spent their whole life without even going to school for a single day. There are school dropouts, women, who never had formal education.

Adult education makes them independent by teaching them the necessary everyday skills. As you see my friends, that education is way vaster and has several definitions.

I believe that education constitutes everything that changes one’s life for better; educate him or her about a subject or imparts necessary skill; teaches how to live fruitfully in a way so that we give back to the society as well.

We are lucky that we are getting top-class education in this esteemed institute under the skilled guidance of our teachers. We must make the best out of it and turn it into an ocean of possibilities not only for ourselves but also for the society.

Our education will only be fruitful in the true sense if we use it to give back to society. Being responsible citizens of the nation, it is our duty to use our education for the development of the nation, in whatever way we can.

I think I have said enough on education and hope that I was able to make an impact on you all for good. With this, I end my speech! Thank You!

Speech on teacher’s day.

Speech on Children’s Day

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8.3 What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Short Run

Learning objectives.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

Analyze cyclical unemployment
Explain the relationship between sticky wages and employment using various economic arguments
Apply supply and demand models to unemployment and wages

We have seen that unemployment varies across times and places. What causes changes in unemployment? There are different answers in the short run and in the long run. Let's look at the short run first.

Cyclical Unemployment

Let’s make the plausible assumption that in the short run, from a few months to a few years, the quantity of hours that the average person is willing to work for a given wage does not change much, so the labor supply curve does not shift much. In addition, make the standard ceteris paribus assumption that there is no substantial short-term change in the age structure of the labor force, institutions and laws affecting the labor market, or other possibly relevant factors.

One primary determinant of the demand for labor from firms is how they perceive the state of the macro economy . If firms believe that business is expanding, then at any given wage they will desire to hire a greater quantity of labor, and the labor demand curve shifts to the right. Conversely, if firms perceive that the economy is slowing down or entering a recession, then they will wish to hire a lower quantity of labor at any given wage, and the labor demand curve will shift to the left. Economists call the variation in unemployment that the economy causes moving from expansion to recession or from recession to expansion (i.e. the business cycle) cyclical unemployment .

From the standpoint of the supply-and-demand model of competitive and flexible labor markets, unemployment represents something of a puzzle. In a supply-and-demand model of a labor market, as Figure 8.5 illustrates, the labor market should move toward an equilibrium wage and quantity. At the equilibrium wage (We), the equilibrium quantity (Qe) of labor supplied by workers should be equal to the quantity of labor demanded by employers.

One possibility for unemployment is that people who are unemployed are those who are not willing to work at the current equilibrium wage, say $10 an hour, but would be willing to work at a higher wage, like $20 per hour. The monthly Current Population Survey would count these people as unemployed, because they say they are ready and looking for work (at $20 per hour). However, from an economist’s perspective, these people are choosing to be unemployed.

Probably a few people are unemployed because of unrealistic expectations about wages, but they do not represent the majority of the unemployed. Instead, unemployed people often have friends or acquaintances of similar skill levels who are employed, and the unemployed would be willing to work at the jobs and wages similar to what those people are receiving. However, the employers of their friends and acquaintances do not seem to be hiring. In other words, these people are involuntarily unemployed. What causes involuntary unemployment ?

Why Wages Might Be Sticky Downward

If a labor market model with flexible wages does not describe unemployment very well—because it predicts that anyone willing to work at the going wage can always find a job—then it may prove useful to consider economic models in which wages are not flexible or adjust only very slowly. In particular, even though wage increases may occur with relative ease, wage decreases are few and far between.

One set of reasons why wages may be “sticky downward,” as economists put it, involves economic laws and institutions. For low-skilled workers receiving minimum wage , it is illegal to reduce their wages. For union workers operating under a multiyear contract with a company, wage cuts might violate the contract and create a labor dispute or a strike. However, minimum wages and union contracts are not a sufficient reason why wages would be sticky downward for the U.S. economy as a whole. After all, out of the 73.3 million or so employed workers in the U.S. economy who earn wages by the hour, only about 1.1 million—less than 2% of the total—do not receive compensation above the minimum wage. Similarly, labor unions represent only about 12% of American wage and salary workers. In other high-income countries, more workers may have their wages determined by unions or the minimum wage may be set at a level that applies to a larger share of workers. However, for the United States, these two factors combined affect only about 15% or less of the labor force.

Economists looking for reasons why wages might be sticky downwards have focused on factors that may characterize most labor relationships in the economy, not just a few. Many have proposed a number of different theories, but they share a common tone.

One argument is that even employees who are not union members often work under an implicit contract , which is that the employer will try to keep wages from falling when the economy is weak or the business is having trouble, and the employee will not expect huge salary increases when the economy or the business is strong. This wage-setting behavior acts like a form of insurance: the employee has some protection against wage declines in bad times, but pays for that protection with lower wages in good times. Clearly, this sort of implicit contract means that firms will be hesitant to cut wages, lest workers feel betrayed and work less hard or even leave the firm.

Efficiency wage theory argues that workers' productivity depends on their pay, and so employers will often find it worthwhile to pay their employees somewhat more than market conditions might dictate. One reason is that employees who receive better pay than others will be more productive because they recognize that if they were to lose their current jobs, they would suffer a decline in salary. As a result, they are motivated to work harder and to stay with the current employer. In addition, employers know that it is costly and time-consuming to hire and train new employees, so they would prefer to pay workers a little extra now rather than to lose them and have to hire and train new workers. Thus, by avoiding wage cuts, the employer minimizes costs of training and hiring new workers, and reaps the benefits of well-motivated employees.

The adverse selection of wage cuts argument points out that if an employer reacts to poor business conditions by reducing wages for all workers, then the best workers, those with the best employment alternatives at other firms, are the most likely to leave. The least attractive workers, with fewer employment alternatives, are more likely to stay. Consequently, firms are more likely to choose which workers should depart, through layoffs and firings, rather than trimming wages across the board. Sometimes companies that are experiencing difficult times can persuade workers to take a pay cut for the short term, and still retain most of the firm’s workers. However, it is far more typical for companies to lay off some workers, rather than to cut wages for everyone.

The insider-outsider model of the labor force, in simple terms, argues that those already working for firms are “insiders,” while new employees, at least for a time, are “outsiders.” A firm depends on its insiders to keep the organization running smoothly, to be familiar with routine procedures, and to train new employees. However, cutting wages will alienate the insiders and damage the firm’s productivity and prospects.

Finally, the relative wage coordination argument points out that even if most workers were hypothetically willing to see a decline in their own wages in bad economic times as long as everyone else also experiences such a decline, there is no obvious way for a decentralized economy to implement such a plan. Instead, workers confronted with the possibility of a wage cut will worry that other workers will not have such a wage cut, and so a wage cut means being worse off both in absolute terms and relative to others. As a result, workers fight hard against wage cuts.

These theories of why wages tend not to move downward differ in their logic and their implications, and figuring out the strengths and weaknesses of each theory is an ongoing subject of research and controversy among economists. All tend to imply that wages will decline only very slowly, if at all, even when the economy or a business is having tough times. When wages are inflexible and unlikely to fall, then either short-run or long-run unemployment can result. Figure 8.6 illustrates this.

Figure 8.7 shows the interaction between shifts in labor demand and wages that are sticky downward. Figure 8.7 (a) illustrates the situation in which the demand for labor shifts to the right from D 0 to D 1 . In this case, the equilibrium wage rises from W 0 to W 1 and the equilibrium quantity of labor hired increases from Q 0 to Q 1 . It does not hurt employee morale at all for wages to rise.

Figure 8.7 (b) shows the situation in which the demand for labor shifts to the left, from D 0 to D 1 , as it would tend to do in a recession. Because wages are sticky downward, they do not adjust toward what would have been the new equilibrium wage (W 1 ), at least not in the short run. Instead, after the shift in the labor demand curve, the same quantity of workers is willing to work at that wage as before; however, the quantity of workers demanded at that wage has declined from the original equilibrium (Q 0 ) to Q 2 . The gap between the original equilibrium quantity (Q 0 ) and the new quantity demanded of labor (Q 2 ) represents workers who would be willing to work at the going wage but cannot find jobs. The gap represents the economic meaning of unemployment.

This analysis helps to explain the connection that we noted earlier: that unemployment tends to rise in recessions and to decline during expansions. The overall state of the economy shifts the labor demand curve and, combined with wages that are sticky downwards, unemployment changes. The rise in unemployment that occurs because of a recession is cyclical unemployment.

The St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank is the best resource for macroeconomic time series data, known as the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED). FRED provides complete data sets on various measures of the unemployment rate as well as the monthly Bureau of Labor Statistics report on the results of the household and employment surveys.

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Donald Trump repeats inaccurate claims on economy in local news interview in Pennsylvania

Former President Donald Trump at a campaign event in Schnecksville, Pa., on April 13, 2024. (AP)

Former President Donald Trump repeated a bevy of inaccurate claims on the economy during an interview with WGAL-TV, a Lancaster, Pennsylvania, television station.

Here is a rundown.

Economists have previously told PolitiFact that this is False .

The strongest evidence in favor of this assertion, at least in the U.S. context, is the unemployment rate. On Trump’s watch, the unemployment rate fell to levels untouched since the early 1950s.

However, the annual increases in gross domestic product — the sum of a country’s economic activity — were broadly similar under Trump to what they were during the final six years under his predecessor, Barack Obama. And GDP growth under Trump was well below that of previous presidents.

Wage growth also didn’t set records under Trump. Adjusted for inflation, wages began rising during the Obama years and kept increasing under Trump. But these were modest compared with the 2% a year seen in the 1960s.

Another metric — the growth rate in personal consumption per person, adjusted for inflation — wasn’t higher under Trump than previous presidents. For many families, this statistic serves an economic activity bottom line, determining how much they can spend on food, clothing, housing, health care and travel.

In Trump’s three years in office through January 2020, real consumption per person grew by 2% a year. Of the 30 nonoverlapping three-year periods from 1929 to the end of his presidency, Trump’s ranked 12th from the bottom.

Gasoline prices are higher today than they were under Trump, but most of the blame goes to factors beyond Biden’s control.

Experts say Biden’s policies may have marginal affected gasoline prices. But the price of gasoline — whether it’s high or low by historical standards — is mostly not something presidents can significantly control.

Gasoline prices initially rose on Biden’s watch because of the recovery after the worst of the pandemic. As economic activity, commuting and travel rebounded, fuel demand rose faster than global supplies did.

Then, in February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. NATO countries and allies sought to reduce their purchases of Russian crude oil as punishment for its war, which hampered supply. And other major oil producers, such as Saudi Arabia, have largely resisted requests to increase production to fill the void.

Overall, this has kept global crude oil prices high, even though the price has fallen since its peak in summer 2022.

Trump’s low average price was shaped by the opposite phenomenon that Biden experienced. Most of Trump’s final year in office occurred early in the pandemic, when automobile use was sharply reduced. This drove gasoline prices to unusually low levels.

Meanwhile, one factor Biden does have some control over — U.S. oil production, some of which occurs on federally leased lands — has set a record on his watch.

The first part of Trump’s talking point would have been valid in summer 2022, but that’s no longer so.

The highest U.S. inflation rates were recorded in the 1970s and early 1980s , when the annual price increase sometimes hovered between 12% and 15%. The highest rate on Biden’s watch was around 9% in summer 2022.

Since then, however, inflation has fallen. It was at 3.5% year over year in March 2024, the most recent month available.

On whether inflation is "sticking," Trump has a point.

Inflation fell consistently from its 9% peak to around 3% between June 2022 and June 2023. But since then, year-over-year inflation has bounced between about 3% and 3.5%. The Fed believes that’s still too high to start lowering interest rates, because it wants to see sustained inflation closer to 2%.

This is incorrect.

The statewide average gasoline price in California is $5.23, which is higher than it is for the nation as a whole ($3.77). But that’s well short of $7.

More to the point, not one of the 10,526 gas stations in California tracked by GasBuddy.com had gas costing $7 a gallon on the day Trump did the interview, according to data provided by GasBuddy gasoline price analyst Patrick DeHaan.

This is inaccurate .

During Trump’s entire presidency, the U.S. lost a net 2.7 million jobs. In comparison, every president since Harry Truman (who served from 1945 to 1953) has gained jobs during his tenure.

When looking at job creation patterns under a president, timing matters. For Trump. the coronavirus pandemic emerged during his fourth year in office. The resulting rapid economic contraction wiped away all the employment gains on his watch, and then some.

But even looking only at the prepandemic period, Trump’s job creation record wasn’t the best of the last five presidents, let alone all of them.

During his first three years in office, Trump oversaw a 4.6% employment increase. Two other presidents — Joe Biden and Bill Clinton — saw significantly bigger increases, of about 10% and 8%, respectively.

Both parts of this statement are wrong .

The part about the biggest tax cut is a falsehood that Trump shared repeatedly during his presidency. (Our colleagues at the Washington Post Fact Checker found that this was Trump’s second-most-commonly repeated false claim, shared 295 times during his presidency.)

In inflation-adjusted dollars, the tax bill Trump signed was the fourth-largest since 1940, and as a percentage of GDP, it ranked seventh.

Meanwhile, the part about low-income taxpayers benefiting more "is not correct," based on modeling from the Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center and other think tanks, John Buhl, the Tax Policy Center’s communications director, told PolitiFact earlier this month.

The Tax Policy Center analysis found that the Trump-signed legislation would, on average, cut taxes for households in each income group, but that taxpayers in higher-income households would see the biggest benefits.

For instance, the lowest one-fifth of taxpayers — people earning up to $25,000 — would see their average federal tax rate drop by 0.4 percentage points in 2018. The drop in tax rate would be larger for each successive one-fifth of the income spectrum, with the top one-fifth seeing its tax rates drop by 1.8 percentage points. The biggest gains would go to households in the top 1% to 5% of incomes (from $307,900 to $732,000); their tax rates would drop by 3.1 percentage points.

The numbers were similar for changes through 2025, the Tax Policy Center found.

PolitiFact Senior Correspondent Amy Sherman, PolitiFact Staff Writers Samantha Putterman and Maria Ramirez Uribe and PolitiFact North Carolina Staff Writer Paul Specht contributed to this report.

Our Sources

WGAL-TV, Donald Trump discusses economy, border and the War in Israel in wide-ranging interview , Updated May 8, 2024

Email interview with Patrick DeHaan, GasBuddy gasoline price analyst, May 8, 2024

Browse the Truth-O-Meter

More by louis jacobson.

International edition
Australia edition
Europe edition

Bank of England says it could lower interest rates more than expected, but June cut isn’t ‘fait accompli’ – as it happened

Bank of England governor Andrew Bailey is briefing reporters after BoE left UK interest rates on hold again in a dramatic 7-2 split

Bank of England keeps interest rates at 5.25% but hints at a June cut
UK interest rates are close to a descent – maybe starting as soon as next month
1d ago Closing post
1d ago FTSE 100 ends at new closing high
1d ago Bailey: All meetings are live (including June....)
1d ago Larry Elliott: UK interest rates are close to a descent
1d ago Bank decision: What the experts say
1d ago Reuters: Hunt wants 'sustainably lower' interest rates
1d ago US jobless claims jump to eight-month high
1d ago Bailey: We'll take it meeting by meeting
1d ago Bailey: We never discuss politics when setting rates
1d ago Bailey: No law that we can't move before the Fed
1d ago Why two Bank doves voted for a rate cut today
1d ago Bank: We could cut rates faster than City expects
1d ago Bailey: June rate cut is not ruled out, nor a fait accompli
1d ago Bank of England press conference begins
1d ago FTSE 100 hits new alltime high
1d ago BoE governor 'optimistic' things are moving in the right direction
1d ago Bank trims inflation forecast
1d ago Bank: UK is out of recession
1d ago Bank of England votes 7-2 to leave rates on hold
1d ago "Absolute chaos as usual" at Barclays AGM
1d ago Spain's BBVA goes hostile with $13bn bid for TSB-owner Sabadell
2d ago Home repossessions rise as higher interest rates hit households
2d ago Tax rises inevitable after UK election unless fiscal rules are ripped up, says thinktank
2d ago Upbeat China trade data cheers City ahead of BoE decision
2d ago Five reasons the Bank of England may cut rates today
2d ago Surveyors: high mortgage rates are deterring house buyers
2d ago How Bank policymakers are split over when to cut rates
2d ago Introduction: Bank of England sets interest rates at noon

The Bank of England building in London, where the MPC will set interest rates at noon

Bank: We could cut rates faster than City expects

The Bank of England could cut interest rates faster than investors expect, governor Andrew Bailey declares.

He tells reporters in London that interest rates are likely to be cut “in the coming quarters”, to avoid inflation falling sharply below its 2% target.

Bailey says:

With the progress we have made, to make sure that inflation stays around the 2% target, and is neither too high nor too low, it is likely that we will need to cut bank rate over the coming quarters and make monetary policy somewhat less restrictive over the forecast period. Possibly more so than currently priced into market rate.

Before today’s meeting, investors expected two cuts to UK interest rates this year; they’re now pricing in slightly more easing than that.

Closing post

Time to wrap up….

The Bank of England has signalled it could start cutting interest rates as early as June after inflation was found to be “moving in the right direction”, as it kept borrowing costs on hold at 5.25% for the sixth time in a row.

Alongside the decision to keep rates on hold, the Bank said inflation was already on course to hit its target of 2% and would fall to just 1.6% in two years, opening the door to future cuts in interest rates.

Giving a more upbeat assessment of the economic outlook than in its February report, the Bank also suggested the UK recession had ended, predicting the economy had grown 0.4% in the first three months of the year. The Office for National Statistics will publish the official estimate of growth on Friday [ 7am, see you there! ].

The nine members of the Bank’s rate setting monetary policy committee were split on the decision to hold interest rates, with two members – Swati Dhingra and Dave Ramsden – voting for an immediate cut to 5%. Dhingra was the lone voice calling for a rate cut at the previous meeting of the MPC.

BoE governor Andrew Bailey said he was “optimistic” that things were moving in the right direction.

Bailey told reporters in London that

The big global shocks” that drove up inflation have faded .

The Bank has lowered its expectations for how persistent inflation will be

A change in Bank Rate in June is neither ruled out nor a fait accompli .

Rates are likely to be cut in the coming quarters, and possibly by more than is currently expected by markets

Stocks in London hit fresh record highs , as investors anticipated an easing in borrowing costs soon.

Here’s the full story:

And our analysis:

Plus here’s the rest of today’s news:

FTSE 100 ends at new closing high

The sight of the Bank of England inching towards a summer interest rate cut has pushed up London’s major stock index to a new closing high.

The FTSE 100 has ended the day at a new closing peak of 8381 points, up 0.3% today, extending its recent rally.

It had earlier hit a new intraday high of 8396 points.

Anglo American (3%), the mining giant which recent rejected a takeover approach from rival BHP, were the top riser, followed by retailer JD Sports (+2.9%) and grocery tech firm Ocado (+2.3%).

Housing stocks also had a strong day, with home builder Taylor Wimpey up 1.7% and online estate agent Rightmove gaining 2.1%.

The FTSE 100's record highs: Bubble or new bull market? https://t.co/QGTfwtfwxh via @UKValueInvestor pic.twitter.com/vcWA8JdMcP — DH 🇫🇮🇪🇺🇺🇦 (@DividendHawk) May 9, 2024

Circa 75% of FTSE 100 companies' income derived from overseas. If BoE cuts before Fed, those dollars will be worth more pounds, and so you could see further FTSE 100 highs — Charles Archer (@that_stocks_guy) May 9, 2024

Bailey: All meetings are live (including June....)

BoE governor Andrew Bailey has told Bloomberg that ‘all meetings are live’.

And when asked whether a rate cut in June was “likely”, he explains that the Bank has changed on its view on the likely persistence of inflation.

That’s “good news”, he adds.

"Is June likely?" Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey tells @flacqua that "good news" on UK inflation may allow the BOE to cut rates more sharply than expected https://t.co/R86nsPBI4w pic.twitter.com/alBCWNfhix — Bloomberg (@business) May 9, 2024

Bank of England governor Andrew Bailey appears to be closer to voting for a rate cut than the majority of his committee, suggests ING economist James Smith.

It does feel from this @bankofengland press conference like Bailey is ready to start cutting rates, but his committee isn't on board yet. And it's a tricky look for him to vote against the crowd. His comments feel much more dovish than the statement/minutes — James Smith (@SmithEconomics) May 9, 2024

BoE holds interest rates at 16-year high of 5.25%... but governor Andrew Bailey says cuts could start next month and be more dramatic than markets expect - in boost for struggling mortgage payers https://t.co/uZ40NZsyNk pic.twitter.com/qQCc760hQb — Readean (@readeancom) May 9, 2024

Today’s Monetary Policy Report, minutes and press conference have increased the chance of a June interest rate cut in the UK “at the margin”, argues Simon French of investment bank Panmure Gordon .

It was not just the vote - with Dave Ramsden voting for an immediate 25bp reduction - but the Governors’ comments that reinforced the idea of the MPC plotting a narrow path that eases financial conditions yet keeps them on a restrictive setting.

French says its understandable that cracks have appeared within the monetary policy report over how to interpret the latest data. He reckons the UK is about to enter a period where inflation is lower than target, and compared to major rival economies too:

June or August for the first cut remains a coin toss in financial markets, and whilst we stick to our August call it is with low conviction. The timing of the UK inflation cycle has caught many economists and commentators off guard. 2023 saw outsized inflation upsides leading to accusations that the Bank had lost control of the price level. The UK is now about to enter a period of an inflation undershoot - to both the 2% target and G20 benchmarks - and calibrating monetary policy independently, and informally coordinating with the Federal Reserve is a big challenge.

Market currently pricing 55% chance of no interest rate cut in June; 45% for a 25bp reduction. Relatively little changed from 11:59am. There are a couple of UK CPI prints before the June meeting - but MPC wont want that split in pricing going into blackout. Speeches - starting… — Simon French (@Frencheconomics) May 9, 2024

Larry Elliott: UK interest rates are close to a descent

The record of this week’s MPC meeting make it clear that it would only take slightly better news on the likely persistence of inflation to persuade some committee members to vote to cut rates in June, my colleague Larry Elliott writes.

Otherwise, the first move downwards will come in August, he explains:

Huw Pill, the Bank of England’s chief economist, said last year that the path of interest rates was likely to mirror the shape of South Africa’s Table Mountain: steep-sided but with a plateau at the summit. Judging by the Bank’s latest monetary policy report, Pill and the other eight members of Threadneedle Street’s monetary policy committee (MPC) are now only a few short steps from starting their descent from the mountain top. But they are not quite there yet. Two MPC members – Swati Dhingra and Dave Ramsden – already think interest rates have been held too high for too long, and so voted for the base rate to be cut from 5.25% to 5%. The real question is how long it will take at least three other committee members to join them. Not that long, judging by the comments from Andrew Bailey, the Bank’s governor. He said the MPC’s wait-and-see faction accepted that the 14 increases in interest rates between December 2021 and August 2023 were “weighing on activity in the real economy” but wanted to see more evidence that inflation would stay low before voting for a reduction.

The money markets are still indicating that a rate cut next month is effectively a coin toss.

According to interest rate probability data on LSEG, there is 55% of no change at the BoE’s June meeting, and a 45% of a cut to 5%.

Modupe Adegbembo , economist at Jefferies , says the Bank’s MPC “remains track to cut over summer”, but is reluctant to pre-commit to cuts, adding:

Rate cuts are coming, but the decision between June and August is close. On balance our base case remains a cut in August, but upcoming data on inflation and wages remain key.

Bank decision: What the experts say

A UK interest rate cut, when it comes, will not give the government much of a feelgood boost, reckons Charles Hepworth , investment director of GAM Investments .

Further out, markets are still pricing in two 25 basis point cuts for this year, and with inflation forecasts at the BoE revised lower, there is more than enough justification to reduce rates soon. Sadly, it will be too little and possibly too late for the incumbent Conservative party hoping for a feel-good factor boost in the polls that lower rates could bring. We will have lower rates and a different government this year – that much is certain.”

Henry Cook , senior economist for Europe at MUFG , says the Bank has taken “significant strides” towards a summer rate cut today:

The door is wide open for a cut at the next meeting if data on inflation and wage pressures evolve favourably over coming weeks. This data dependent approach was highlighted in the policy statement and further emphasised by Bailey in the press conference. There will be extra market scrutiny on the upcoming CPI and wage releases. There was a sense that the BoE clearly wants to push back on the recent hawkish repricing of UK rate expectations following hot US data. Bailey – who made several noteworthy remarks today - said that it is likely that the BoE will need to cut rates “over coming quarters”. He added that the prospect of a rate cut in June should not be ruled out, but neither is it a “fait accompli”. The explicit mention of the possibility of a move in June is significant. Policymakers have laid what looks like sufficient groundwork now for a cut at the next meeting in the absence of upside surprises on inflation or wage growth.

Konstantinos Venetis , global macro director at TS Lombard, says the Bank could be heading for a “less high”-for-longer stance on rates.

Having opened the door for rate cuts back in February and taken a step closer in March, this month the MPC went a bit further. Although policymakers stopped short of telegraphing imminent action, their communications point to a rising likelihood that June – by which time we will have two fresh CPI readings plus updated job market data – and August are “live” meetings for the first rate cut.

Reuters: Hunt wants 'sustainably lower' interest rates

British chancellor Jeremy Hunt said he wanted “sustainably low interest rates” when asked about the Bank of England’s decision on Thursday to hold rates at 5.25%, Reuters reports .

Hunt told reporters:

“What we want is sustainably low interest rates. I would much rather that they waited until they’re absolutely sure inflation is on a downward trajectory than rushed into a decision that they had to reverse at a later stage.”

Reuters is reporting that chancellor Jeremy Hunt has said he would rather the Bank of England “took their time”, rather than “having to reverse course”.

IE, by cutting interest rates too soon, and then having to raise them again.

UK FINANCE MINISTER HUNT: I WOULD MUCH RATHER THE BOE TOOK THEIR TIME RATHER THAN HAVING TO REVERSE COURSE — First Squawk (@FirstSquawk) May 9, 2024

US jobless claims jump to eight-month high

Newsflash: Away from the Bank of England , there’s been a large jump in the number of Americans signing on for unemployment support.

Initial jobless benefit claims rose by 22,000 to 231,000 in the week to 4 May, data from the US Labor Department shows.

That’s the highest level since last August.

Economists had expected a much smaller rise in new claims, to around 210,000.

Initial #unemployment claims jump to 8-month high this past week 🆕 231K new jobless claims 🔮 212K forecasted claims ⏮️ 209K previous claims (revised up) https://t.co/rf1oXRzA4B pic.twitter.com/M7XDdB7E54 — Jennifer Nash (@jennifer_nash12) May 9, 2024

It may be a sign that the US labor market is weakening, as high interest rates weigh on its economy.

US jobless claims grew 22k to 231k last week. The inured unemployment rate was unchanged at 1.2%. Continued claims grew 17k to 1.785 mil. Last week's initial claims total is up 2.7% YoY and the highest since Aug 2023. #ui #unemployment (US Dept of Labor) https://t.co/eT6a6xoJwA pic.twitter.com/OxuNerGF2H — MTS Insights (@MTSInsights) May 9, 2024

Bailey: We'll take it meeting by meeting

The press conference ends with an attempt to pin Andrew Bailey down about when the Bank might cut interest rates.

Q: You’ve said that a June rate cut is neither a fait accompli nor ruled out – that suggests a 50:50 chance. Does that mean that a cut by August is more likely?

With his innings almost over, Andrew Bailey resists swishing at this attempt to lure him into an indiscretion.

He says the MPC takes its decisions meeting by meeting, and the Bank will have two more sets of inflation and unemployment data to chew through before its meeting in late June.

Asked about the UK labour market, Andrew Bailey says we are close to full employment at the moment.

He says some firms are holding into labour, because they are concerned about the challenge of finding new staff.

Q: Market expectations of UK interest rates have risen since February. Are you comfortable that as you talk about rate cuts, mortgage rates are rising?

Andrew Bailey repeats his earlier point that recent moves to UK market expectations have been pushed up by events in the US, and that British inflation dynamics are actually different.

Q: Is the rise in the minimum wage pushing up inflation?

Andrew Bailey says he is picking up “greater doubts” from businesses about passing on higher wage costs.

Q: There’s been a surge in demand for your short-term repo operations, does that mean banks are facing liquidity problems?

Andrew Bailey says that repo programme exists to prevent short-term borrowing costs going up above target.

[The repo operation it allows banks to get cash from the bank, while handing over assets as collateral, ensuring they can retain access to central bank reserves].

Deputy governor Dave Ramsden says the short-term repo (STR) operation is working as it should, explaining:

“There’s always going to be stuff happening in the repo market, but the STR is doing its job. “We’re not seeing some ratcheting up more in (money market) rates that might make you think ‘Oh right, so reserves are becoming a bit scarce’.”

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Security Questions Emerge as First Charges Are Filed in Russia Attack

Russian officials formally charged four men in the attack, which killed at least 137 people at a Moscow-area concert hall on Friday. American officials blamed a branch of the Islamic State.

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A memorial outside the Crocus City Hall concert venue. Maxim Shemetov/Reuters
People waiting to visit a memorial at Crocus City Hall. Maxim Shemetov/Reuters
Leaving flowers outside the site of the attack. Nanna Heitmann for The New York Times
Mourners at a memorial in St. Petersburg, Russia. Anton Vaganov/Reuters
Firefighters and rescuers clearing debris after the deadly attack. Reuters
Police officers outside the Basmanny District Court in Moscow. Alexander Zemlianichenko/Associated Press
People waited to donate blood near Crocus City Hall on Saturday. Nanna Heitmann for The New York Times
A flag flying at half-staff as policemen guard the closed entrance to Red Square in Moscow. Sergei Ilnitsky/EPA, via Shutterstock
A billboard on Saturday noted the date of the concert hall attack in Moscow. Nanna Heitmann for The New York Times
The Crocus City Hall concert venue in suburban Moscow after it was attacked Friday night. Nanna Heitmann for The New York Times

Paul Sonne and Neil MacFarquhar

Here’s what to know about the attack.

Russian officials have brought charges against four men they said were responsible for a fiery terrorist attack on a suburban Moscow concert venue that killed at least 137 people last week.

Four men were arraigned late Sunday night on terrorism charges in the attack at Crocus City Hall, just outside the Russian capital. A court spokesman identified them as Dalerjon Mirzoyev, Saidakrami Rachabalizoda, Shamsidin Fariduni and Muhammadsobir Fayzov, a 19-year-old who appeared in court in a wheelchair, according to Russian media outlets.

Mr. Mirzoyev, Mr. Rachabalizoda and Mr. Fariduni told the court they were from Tajikistan, and Russian media outlets reported that Mr. Fayzov was also from the Central Asian nation. All four had visible injuries; Mr. Rachabalizoda’s head was heavily bandaged and Mr. Fayzov had to be wheeled in and out of the courtroom.

Earlier Sunday — which had been declared a national day of mourning — people visited the scene of the attack to lay flowers and light candles at a memorial. Scores of people waited in a long line under a gray sky, many clutching red bouquets, as efforts were underway inside to dismantle the remains of the stage. Flags were lowered to half-staff at buildings across the country, and state media released a video of President Vladimir V. Putin lighting a memorial candle in a church.

Russia’s Investigative Committee, a top law-enforcement body, said on Sunday that 137 bodies had been recovered from the charred premises, including those of three children. It said that 62 victims had been identified so far and that genetic testing was underway to identify the rest.

There are two primary narratives about the violence on Friday night, Russia’s deadliest terrorist attack in 20 years . American officials say it was the work of Islamic State Khorasan, or ISIS-K, an Islamic State offshoot that has been active in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran . But on Saturday, Mr. Putin did not mention ISIS in his first public remarks on the tragedy , and hinted at the possible involvement of Ukraine, which has issued a strong denial .

Here’s what to know:

The search for survivors ended on Saturday, as details about the victims began to emerge . Many of the more than 100 people wounded in the attack were in critical condition. The search for bodies continues.

As Russia mourned, the war in Ukraine continued. Ukraine’s air force said it had shot down 43 out of 57 Russian missiles and drones launched overnight against different parts of the country. And Ukraine’s military said it had struck two large landing ships that were part of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet. There was no immediate comment from Russia’s Defense Ministry.

Piknik, the Russian rock band that was to play a sold-out concert at the suburban venue on the night it was attacked and burned to rubble, now finds itself at the center of the tragedy .

The attack dealt a political blow to Mr. Putin , a leader for whom national security is paramount.

Neil MacFarquhar

Russia charges four people with terrorism after attack on concert hall.

The four men suspected of carrying out a bloody attack on a concert hall near Moscow, killing at least 137 people, were arraigned in a district court late Sunday and charged with committing a terrorist act.

The four, who were from Tajikistan but worked as migrant laborers in Russia, were remanded in custody until May 22, according to state and independent media outlets reporting from the proceedings, at Basmanny District Court. They face a maximum sentence of life in prison.

The press service of the court only announced that the first two defendants, Dalerjon B. Mirzoyev and Saidakrami M. Rachalbalizoda, pleaded guilty to the charges. It did not specify any plea from the other two, Mediazona, an independent news outlet, reported.

The men looked severely battered and injured as each of them was brought into the courtroom separately. Videos of them being tortured and beaten while under interrogation circulated widely on Russian social media.

Muhammadsobir Z. Fayzov, a 19-year-old barber and the youngest of the men charged, was rolled into the courtroom from a hospital emergency room on a tall, orange wheelchair, attended by a doctor, the reports said. He sat propped up in the wheelchair inside the glass cage for defendants, wearing a catheter and an open hospital gown with his chest partially exposed. Often speaking in Tajik through a translator, he answered questions about his biography quietly and stammered, according to Mediazona.

Mr. Rachabalizoda, 30, had a large bandage hanging off the right side of his head where interrogators had sliced off a part of his ear and forced it into his mouth, the reports said, with the cutting captured in a video that spread online.

The judge allowed the press to witness only parts of the hearings, citing concerns that sensitive details about the investigation might be revealed or the lives of court workers put at risk. It is not an unusual ruling in Russia.

Russia’s Federal Security Services announced on Saturday that 11 people had been detained, including the four charged men, who were arrested after the car they were fleeing in was intercepted by the authorities 230 miles southwest of Moscow.

In the attack, on Friday night, four gunmen opened fire inside the hall just as a rock concert by the group Piknik was due to start. They also set off explosive devices that ignited the building and eventually caused its roof to collapse. Aside from the dead, there were 182 injured, and more than 100 remain hospitalized, according to the regional health ministry.

President Vladimir V. Putin used the fact that the highway where the men were detained leads to Ukraine to suggest that the attack was somehow linked to Ukraine’s war effort. But the United States has said repeatedly that the attack was the work of an extremist jihadi organization, the Islamic State, which claimed responsibility.

The first charged, Mr. Mirzoyev, who had a black eye and cuts and bruises all over his face, leaned for support against the glass wall of the court cage as the charge against him was read. Mr. Mirzoyev, 32, has four children and had a temporary residence permit in the southern Siberian city of Novosibirsk, but it had expired, the reports said.

Mr. Rachabalizoda, married with a child, said he was legally registered in Russia but did not remember where.

The fourth man charged, Shamsidin Fariduni, 25, married with an 8-month-old baby, worked in a factory producing parquet in the Russian city of Podolsk, just southwest of Moscow. He had also worked as a handyman in Krasnogorsk, the Moscow suburb where the attack took place at Crocus City Hall, at a concert venue within a sprawling shopping complex just outside the Moscow city limits.

The Islamic State has been able to recruit hundreds of adherents among migrant laborers from Central Asia in Russia who are often angry about the discrimination they frequently face.

Alina Lobzina , Paul Sonne and Milana Mazaeva contributed reporting.

Maps and Diagrams of the Moscow Concert Hall Attack

The mass shooting and arson at a suburban Moscow concert venue, which killed more than 130, were attributed by U.S. officials to members of a branch of the Islamic State.

The other two men charged in the attack are Shamsidin Fariduni, 26, and 19-year-old Muhammadsobir Fayzov, who appeared in court in a wheelchair. All four men who've been charged have been identified by a court spokesman on Telegram. They appeared separately before a judge on charges of committing a terrorist act and were remanded in custody until May 22.

Russian authorities have begun naming the suspects in the attack. The first two suspects have been identified as Dalerjon Mirzoyev and Saidakrami Rachabalizoda, according to state news agency RIA Novosti, which is reporting from the court. Both have been charged with committing a terrorist act and face a maximum sentence of life in prison.

RIA reported that Mirzoyev is a 32-year-old from Tajikistan who had an expired three-month permit to be in the southern Russian city of Novosibirsk. Less information was immediately released about Rachabalizoda, but state media reports said he was born in 1994.

Valerie Hopkins and Alina Lobzina

Concertgoers describe screams, smoke and stares of shock in a night of horror.

Once they heard the shots ring out on Friday night at Crocus City Hall, Efim Fidrya and his wife ran down to the building’s basement and hid with three others in a bathroom.

They listened as the gunfire began and thousands of people who had come to a sold-out rock concert on Moscow’s outskirts began screaming and trying to flee.

Horrified and scared, Mr. Fidrya did the only thing he could think to do: He held on tight to the bathroom door, which didn’t lock, trying to protect the group in case the assailants came to find them.

“While we could hear shooting and screaming, I stood the whole time holding the bathroom door shut,” Mr. Fidrya, an academic, said in a phone interview from Moscow. “The others were standing in the corner so that if someone started shooting through the door, they wouldn’t be in the line of fire.”

They didn’t know it then, but they were sheltering from what became Russia’s deadliest terror attack in two decades, after four gunmen had entered the popular concert venue and began shooting rapid-fire weapons.

Their story is one of many harrowing accounts that have emerged in the days since the attack, which killed at least 137 people. More than 100 injured people are hospitalized, some in critical condition, health officials said.

Mr. Fidrya’s small group waited and waited, but the attackers had started a fire in the complex and it was spreading. Mr. Fidrya’s wife, Olga, showed everyone how to wet their T-shirts and hold them to their faces so they could breathe without inhaling toxic smoke.

And then a second round of shots rang out.

After about half an hour, it was so smoky that Mr. Fidrya, 42, thought even the assailants must have left. As he ventured out, he saw the body of a dead woman lying by the escalator. Later he saw the body of another woman who had been killed in the carnage, her distraught husband standing over her.

His group went down into the parking garage and eventually emerged on the street as the emergency service workers were carrying victims from the building.

The Islamic State, through its news agency, claimed responsibility for the attack. U.S. officials said the assailants were believed to be part of ISIS-K, an Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan. On Saturday, Russia’s Federal Security Services announced that 11 people had been detained, including four who were arrested after the car they were fleeing in was intercepted by authorities 230 miles southwest of Moscow.

In interviews, survivors described how what started as a typical Friday night out devolved into a scene of panic and terror. The venue, which seated 6,200 people, had been sold out for a show by a veteran Russian band called Piknik.

Video footage from the scene shows the assailants shooting at the entrance to the concert venue, part of a sprawling, upscale complex of buildings that also includes a shopping mall and multiple exhibition halls. They then moved into the concert hall, where they sprayed gunfire as well, videos show.

The attackers also set the building on fire using a combination of explosives and flammable liquid, Russian authorities said.

Like the Fidryas, Tatyana Farafontova initially thought the sound of the shooting was part of the show.

“Five minutes before the show was supposed to start, we heard these dull claps,” she wrote on her VK social media page. Ms. Farafontova, 38, said in a direct message on Saturday that she was still in shock and was slurring her speech after the attack.

Then the claps got closer and someone shouted that there were attackers shooting. She scrambled onto the stage with the assistance of her husband.

“At the moment when we climbed onto the stage, three people entered the hall with machine guns,” she wrote in her VK account. “They shot at everything that moved. My husband from the stage saw bluish smoke filling the hall.”

Ms. Farafontova said that being on the center of the stage made her feel exposed and targeted.

“It felt as if they were poking me in the back with the muzzle of a machine gun,” she wrote, adding, “I could feel the breath of death right behind my shoulders.”

She crawled under the curtain and eventually followed the musicians, who had already started to flee, and ran as far as she could from the building.

Up on the balcony, Aleksandr Pyankov and his wife, Anna, heard the gunshots and lay on the floor for some time before joining others who jumped up and began running to the exit.

As they fled, they encountered a woman who had slumped down on an escalator and was blocking their route. She was alive but staring blankly ahead, Mr. Pyankov, a publishing executive, said. He told her to keep running, but then turned his head and saw what she was staring at.

“I started to look,” Mr. Pyankov, 51, said in a telephone interview. “And first I saw a murdered woman sitting on the sofa, and there was a young man lying next to her. I looked around and there were groups of bodies.”

It all happened in a matter of seconds, he said, and he tried to keep fleeing.

“The worst thing is that in this situation you’re not running away from the shooting, but toward it,” he said. “Because it was already clear that there would be a fire there, we know how it would burn. And you’re just running to figure out where else to run.”

Anastasiya Volkova lost both her parents in the attack. She told 5 TV, a state channel, that she had missed a call from her mother on Friday night at around the time of the assault. When she called back, there was no response, Ms. Volkova said.

“I couldn’t answer the phone. I didn’t hear the call,” Ms. Volkova told the broadcaster, adding that her mother had been “really looking forward to this concert.”

Accounts emerging about others who died in the assault also told tales of eager concertgoers who had made special efforts to get to the show.

Irina Okisheva and her husband, Pavel Okishev, traveled hundreds of miles — making their way from Kirov, northeast of Moscow. Mr. Okishev had received the tickets as an early birthday present, the newspaper Komsomolsaya Pravda reported. He did not live to celebrate his 35th birthday, which is this week. Both he and his wife died in the attack.

And Alexander Baklemyshev, 51, had long dreamed about seeing Piknik , a heritage rock band that was playing the first of two sold-out concerts accompanied by a symphony orchestra.

Mr. Baklemyshev’s son told local media that his father had traveled solo from his hometown of Satka, some 1,000 miles east of Moscow, for the concert.

His son, Maksim, told the Russian news outlet MSK1 that his father had sent him a video of the concert hall before the attack. That was the last he had heard from him.

“There was no last conversation,” his son said. “All that was left is the video, and nothing more.”

Mr. Fidrya said he felt grateful to be alive, and that four of the assailants had been captured.

“Now there is confidence that the crime will be solved and those non-humans who organized and carried it out will be punished,” he said. “This really helps a lot.”

But images of the victims remain seared in his memory, in particular that of the husband, his back burned from the fire, standing over his dead wife outside the building as medics attended to the wounded.

The man was talking to Mr. Fidrya’s wife, Olga, saying they were from the city of Tver northwest of Moscow, had been together for 12 years and had three children.

“For us it’s all over, by and large,” Mr. Fidrya wrote in a message after the phone interview. “But for that guy who stood over the body of his wife, and for their three children, the worst is yet to come. And there are so many people like him there.”

Oleg Matsnev contributed reporting.

Russia’s Investigative Committee, a top law enforcement agency, released video of suspects being led, blindfolded, into its headquarters on Sunday. The agency said the investigation at the scene of the attack was continuing.

Ivan Nechepurenko

As questions about security failures swirl, Russian state media focus on a different narrative.

As Russia mourned the victims of the worst terrorist attack in the Moscow area in more than two decades on Sunday, differing narratives about the attack were spreading and taking hold in the country.

The attack late Friday on a concert hall near Moscow left at least 137 people dead and represented a significant security failure for the Kremlin. While the Russian authorities said they had arrested the four attackers, speculation over their identities and motivations was widespread. There also were open questions about whether Russia had adequately followed up on a warning from the United States about the threat of such an attack, and about how specific that warning was.

But most Russian commentators and state media devoted little time to those issues, instead pointing fingers elsewhere. The reaction reflected in part the state of anxiety that Russia has been living in since the start of the war in Ukraine, with propaganda outlets competing to advance one narrative, conspiracy theory or bit of speculation after another.

Many nationalist commentators and ultraconservative hawks on Sunday continued to push the idea that Ukraine was the obvious culprit, despite a claim of responsibility and mounting evidence that a branch of the Islamic State was responsible.

Hard-line anti-Kremlin activists speaking from abroad, meanwhile, speculated that the Russian state could have orchestrated the attack so that it could blame Ukraine or further tighten the screws inside the country.

Some lawmakers in Parliament argued that the government needed to get tough on migrants, after the authorities said that the four assailants were foreign citizens. Lawmakers also pledged to discuss whether capital punishment should be introduced in Russia.

“Different political forces are starting to use” the attack, said Aleksei Venediktov, a Russian journalist and commentator and the former editor of the influential Ekho Moskvy radio station. “The Kremlin, most of all,” he said in an interview broadcast on YouTube. “But others too, who say that it was all organized by the Kremlin.”

Some nationalist activists said that such a sense of disorientation could have been the attackers’ ultimate goal.

Yegor S. Kholmogorov, a Russian nationalist commentator, wrote in his blog on the Telegram messaging app that Russian society was “strongly united by the war and President Vladimir V. Putin’s victory in the election” before the attack.

But after the tragedy, he lamented on Sunday, Russia had turned into a “society that is split.”

Mr. Putin has done little to clear things up. On Saturday, he vowed to inflict “fair and inevitable” punishment on both the terrorists and the unknown forces behind them. Mr. Putin hinted that Ukraine was tied to the tragedy but stopped short of directly laying blame.

But many of Mr. Putin’s subordinates and public supporters appeared to have made up their minds about who was responsible.

Sergei A. Markov, a pro-Kremlin analyst who often appears on Russian state television, wrote in a post on Telegram that Russia must work at isolating the Ukrainian leadership by “connecting the terrorist act not with ISIS, but with the Ukrainian government as much as possible.”

Russian state news outlets barely mentioned the claim of responsibility made by ISIS. United States officials have said the atrocity was the work of Islamic State Khorasan, or ISIS-K, an offshoot of the group that has been active in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran.

Maria V. Zakharova, a spokeswoman for the Russian Foreign Ministry, said on Sunday that the West was pointing at ISIS in order to shift the blame away from Ukraine.

Russia has not presented any evidence of Ukraine’s involvement in the attack. Ukrainian officials have ridiculed the Russian accusations, and U.S. officials also have said there is no indication Kyiv played any role.

“There is no, whatsoever, any evidence — and, in fact, what we know to be the case is that ISIS-K is actually by all accounts responsible for what happened,” Vice President Kamala Harris said Sunday when asked on ABC’s “This Week” whether the United States had evidence that Ukraine was connected to the concert hall attack.

Some commentators did criticize Russian security services for failing to prevent the tragedy. On Saturday, the state news agency Tass reported , citing a source in the Russian special services, that they had received a warning from the United States but that it was “broad, without any concrete information.”

Maggie Astor

Vice President Kamala Harris was asked on ABC’s “This Week” whether the United States had any evidence to back up Vladimir Putin’s hints that Ukraine was connected to the concert hall attack. “No,” she said. “There is no, whatsoever, any evidence — and, in fact, what we know to be the case is that ISIS-K is actually by all accounts responsible for what happened.”

Russia’s Investigative Committee, a top law enforcement agency, said 137 bodies have been recovered from the site of the attack, including those of three children. It said 62 victims had been identified and that genetic testing was being carried out on the remaining bodies to establish identities.

Jason Horowitz

Pope Francis offered prayers today “to the victims of the vile terrorist attack carried out the other night in Moscow,” telling the faithful gathered in St. Peter’s Square in Rome for Palm Sunday Mass that he hoped God would comfort and bring peace to their families and “convert the hearts of those who plan, organize and implement these unhuman acts.’”

He also prayed for all those suffering because of war: “Especially I think of martyred Ukraine, where many people find themselves without electricity because of the intense attacks against infrastructure, which, beyond causing death and suffering, bring about the risk of a human catastrophe of even greater dimensions."

Search and rescue workers are dismantling the remains of the stage at Crocus City Hall so that a giant crane can be brought in to clear debris from the collapse of the roof, the regional governor, Andrei Vorobyov, said on Telegram. Late last night, he said 133 bodies had been recovered from the scene of the attack, of which 50 have been identified. Another 107 injured people were in area hospitals, he said.

Matthew Mpoke Bigg

As the investigation into the Moscow attack continues, the war in Ukraine carries on. Ukraine's air force said it had shot down 43 out of 57 Russian missiles and drones launched overnight against different parts of the country. And Ukraine’s military said it had struck two large landing ships that were part of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet. There was no immediate comment from Russia's defense ministry.

Crocus International, the company that owns the concert hall, vowed in a statement to restore everything that was destroyed during the terrorist attack. The cost of restoring the concert hall, one of the biggest and best-equipped in Moscow, will likely exceed $100 million, real estate experts told RIA Novosti, a Russian state news agency.

The complex was developed by the Azerbaijan-born billionaire Aras Agalarov, whose son, Emin, is a famous pop star. Former President Donald Trump held the Miss Universe pageant at the same complex in 2013, and world-famous performers like Eric Clapton, Dua Lipa and Sia have also performed there.

Sunday is a national day of mourning in Russia. The state media is airing footage of flags flying at half-staff on government buildings and foreign embassies, and of people bringing flowers, candles and toys to spontaneous memorials across the country.

Alex Marshall

Piknik, a longtime Russian rock band, is now at the center of a tragedy.

Early Saturday, Piknik, one of Russia’s most popular heritage rock bands, published a message to its page on Vkontakte , one of the country’s largest social media sites: “We are deeply shocked by this terrible tragedy and mourn with you.”

The night before, the band was scheduled to play the first of two sold-out concerts, accompanied by a symphony orchestra, at Crocus City Hall in suburban Moscow. But before Piknik took the stage, four gunmen entered the vast venue, opened fire and murdered at least 133 people .

The victims appear to have included some of Piknik’s own team. On Saturday evening, another note appeared on the band’s Vkontakte page to say that the woman who ran the band’s merchandise stalls was missing.

“We are not ready to believe the worst,” the message said .

The attack at Crocus City Hall has brought renewed attention to Piknik, a band that has provided the soundtrack to the lives of many Russian rock fans for over four decades.

Ilya Kukulin, a cultural historian at Amherst College in Massachusetts, said in an interview that Piknik was one of the Soviet Union’s “monsters of rock,” with songs inspired by classic Western rock acts including David Bowie and a range of Russian styles.

Since releasing its debut album, 1982’s “Smoke,” Piknik — led by Edmund Shklyarsky, the band’s singer and guitarist — has grown in popularity despite its music being often gloomy with gothic lyrics. Kukulin attributed this partly to the group’s inventive stage shows.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kukulin said, the band began performing with exciting light displays, special effects and other innovative touches. At one point in the 1990s, the band’s concerts included a “living cello” — a woman with an amplified string stretched across her. Shklyarsky would play a solo on the string.

This month, the band debuted a new song online — “ Nothing, Fear Nothing ” — with a video that showed the band performing live before huge screens featuring ever-changing animations.

Unlike some of their peers, Piknik was “never a political band,” Kukulin said, although that did not stop it from becoming entwined in politics. In the 1980s, Soviet authorities banned the group — along with many others — from using recording studios, while Soviet newspapers complained of the group’s lyrics, including a song called “Opium Smoke” that authorities saw as encouraging drug use.

In recent years, some of Russia’s most prominent rock stars have left their country, fed up with President Vladimir V. Putin’s curbs on freedom of expression, including regular crackdowns on concerts. Piknik had benefited from that exodus, Kukulin said, because the band had fewer competitors on Russia’s heritage rock circuit.

Unlike some musicians, Shklyarsky had not acted as a booster for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Kukulin said. Still, Ukrainian authorities have long banned Piknik from performing in the country because the group has played concerts in occupied Crimea. In a 2016 interview , Shklyarsky said he was not concerned about the ban.

“Politics comes and goes, but life remains,” he said.

Kukulin said that among Piknik’s songs was “ To the Memory of Innocent Victims ” — a track that could be interpreted as being about those who were politically oppressed under communism. Now, Kukulin said, many fans were hearing the song in a new way, as a tribute to those who lost their lives in Friday’s attack.

Anton Troianovski

news analysis

A deadly attack shatters Putin’s promise of security to the Russian people.

Less than a week ago, President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia claimed a fifth term with his highest-ever share of the vote, using a stage-managed election to show the nation and the world that he was firmly in control.

Just days later came a searing counterpoint: His vaunted security apparatus failed to prevent Russia’s deadliest terrorist attack in 20 years.

The assault on Friday, which killed at least 133 people at a concert hall in suburban Moscow, was a blow to Mr. Putin’s aura as a leader for whom national security is paramount. That is especially true after two years of a war in Ukraine that he describes as key to Russia’s survival — and which he cast as his top priority after the election last Sunday.

“The election demonstrated a seemingly confident victory,” Aleksandr Kynev, a Russian political scientist, said in a phone interview from Moscow. “And suddenly, against the backdrop of a confident victory, there’s this demonstrative humiliation.”

Mr. Putin seemed blindsided by the assault. It took him more than 19 hours to address the nation about the attack, the deadliest in Russia since the 2004 school siege in Beslan, in the country’s south, which claimed 334 lives. When he did, the Russian leader said nothing about the mounting evidence that a branch of the Islamic State committed the attack.

Instead, Mr. Putin hinted that Ukraine was behind the tragedy and said the assailants had acted “just like the Nazis,” who “once carried out massacres in the occupied territories” — evoking his frequent, false description of present-day Ukraine as being run by neo-Nazis.

“Our common duty now — our comrades at the front, all citizens of the country — is to be together in one formation,” Mr. Putin said at the end of a five-minute speech, trying to conflate the fight against terrorism with his invasion of Ukraine.

The question is how much of the Russian public will buy into his argument. They might ask whether Mr. Putin, with the invasion and his conflict with the West, truly has the country’s security interests at heart — or whether he is woefully forsaking them, as many of his opponents say he is.

The fact that Mr. Putin apparently ignored a warning from the United States about a potential terrorist attack is likely to deepen the skepticism. Instead of acting on the warnings and tightening security, he dismissed them as “provocative statements.”

“All this resembles outright blackmail and an intention to intimidate and destabilize our society,” Mr. Putin said on Tuesday in a speech to the F.S.B., Russia’s domestic intelligence agency, referring to the Western warnings. After the attack on Friday, some of his exiled critics have cited his response as evidence of the president’s detachment from Russia’s true security concerns.

Rather than keeping society safe from actual, violent terrorists, those critics say, Mr. Putin has directed his sprawling security services to pursue dissidents, journalists and anyone deemed a threat to the Kremlin’s definition of “traditional values.”

A case in point: Just hours before the attack, state media reported that the Russian authorities had added “the L.G.B.T. movement” to an official list of “terrorists and extremists”; Russia had already outlawed the gay rights movement last year. Terrorism was also among the many charges prosecutors leveled against Aleksei A. Navalny, the imprisoned opposition leader who died last month .

“In a country in which counterterrorism special forces chase after online commenters,” Ruslan Leviev, an exiled Russian military analyst, wrote in a social media post on Saturday, “terrorists will always feel free.”

Even as the Islamic State repeatedly claimed responsibility for the attack and Ukraine denied any involvement, the Kremlin’s messengers pushed into overdrive to try to persuade the Russian public that this was merely a ruse.

Olga Skabeyeva, a state television host, wrote on Telegram that Ukrainian military intelligence had found assailants “who would look like ISIS. But this is no ISIS.” Margarita Simonyan, the editor of the state-run RT television network, wrote that reports of Islamic State responsibility amounted to a “basic sleight of hand” by the American news media.

On a prime-time television talk show on the state-run Channel 1, Russia’s best-known ultraconservative ideologue, Aleksandr Dugin, declared that Ukraine’s leadership and “their puppet masters in the Western intelligence services” had surely organized the attack.

It was an effort to “undermine trust in the president,” Mr. Dugin said, and it showed regular Russians that they had no choice but to unite behind Mr. Putin’s war against Ukraine.

Mr. Dugin’s daughter was killed in a car bombing near Moscow in 2022 that U.S. officials said was indeed authorized by parts of the Ukrainian government , but without American involvement.

U.S. officials have said there is no evidence of Ukrainian involvement in the concert hall attack, and Ukrainian officials ridiculed the Russian accusations. Andriy Yusov, a representative of Ukraine’s military intelligence agency, said Mr. Putin’s claim that the attackers had fled toward Ukraine and intended to cross into it, with the help of the Ukrainian authorities, made no sense.

In recent months, Mr. Putin has appeared more confident than at any other point since he launched his full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Russian forces have retaken the initiative on the front line, while Ukraine is struggling amid flagging Western support and a shortage of troops.

Inside Russia, the election — and its predetermined outcome — underscored Mr. Putin’s dominance over the nation’s politics.

Mr. Kynev, the political scientist, said he believed many Russians were now in “shock,” because “restoring order has always been Vladimir Putin’s calling card.”

Mr. Putin’s early years in power were marked by terrorist attacks, culminating in the Beslan school siege in 2004; he used those violent episodes to justify his rollback of political freedoms. Before Friday, the most recent mass-casualty terrorist attack in the capital region was a suicide bombing at an airport in Moscow in 2011 that killed 37 people.

Still, given the Kremlin’s efficacy in cracking down on dissent and the news media, Mr. Kynev predicted that the political consequences of the concert hall attack would be limited, as long as the violence was not repeated.

“To be honest,” he said, “our society has gotten used to keeping quiet about inconvenient topics.”

Constant Méheut contributed reporting.

There have been other deadly attacks at concerts and music festivals in recent years.

The attack before a sold-out rock concert near Moscow on Friday was the latest in a series of mass killings at concerts and music festivals around the world in recent years.

During the Oct. 7 attacks in Israel last year, Hamas targeted Tribe of Nova’s Supernova Sukkot Gathering , a dance music festival in Re’im, leaving at least 360 dead , according to the Israeli authorities. Gunmen surrounded the music festival at daybreak, killing and kidnapping attendees as others fled in their cars, only to find roads blocked and the event surrounded. “It was like a shooting range,” said Hila Fakliro, who was bartending around sunrise. Around 3,000 people had come to the event, timed to the end of the harvest holiday Sukkot.

In May 2017, a suicide bombing killed 22 people and injured hundreds more at an Ariana Grande concert at the Manchester Arena in England. The assailant, a British citizen of Libyan descent, detonated explosives packed with nails, bolts and ball bearings moments after the performance ended, sending the crowd — filled with children and adolescent fans of the pop singer, who was then 23 — into a panic. Intelligence officials found that the bomber had previously traveled to Libya to meet with members of an Islamic State unit linked to terrorist attacks in Paris in 2015, which included an assault on a concert venue.

In November 2015, 90 people were killed at the Bataclan , a Paris music venue that holds 1,500, when three men armed with assault rifles and suicide vests stormed a concert by the California rock band Eagles of Death Metal. The musicians fled the stage as gunfire broke out, and attendees tried to hide from the assailants. A standoff with the police lasted more than two hours, with concertgoers held as hostages, ending when the police entered the club. One attacker was killed; two others detonated suicide vests. “Carnage,” one attendee posted on Facebook from inside the club. “Bodies everywhere.”

The deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history took place at a music festival in October 2017, when a gunman fatally shot 60 people and injured hundreds more attending the Route 91 Harvest festival in Las Vegas . The assailant had stockpiled 23 firearms in a 32nd-floor suite at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino, opening fire from his window as Jason Aldean was onstage singing “When She Says Baby.” “It was just total chaos,” Melissa Ayala, who attended the festival with four friends, said. “People falling down and laying everywhere. We were trying to take cover and we had no idea where to go.” The F.B.I. concluded that the motive for the killings was unclear, but released files last year suggesting that the gunman, a gambler, was angry over casinos scaling back on perks. He had searched “biggest open air concert venues in USA” and reserved a hotel room overlooking the Lollapalooza festival in Chicago before settling on the Las Vegas event as his target.

The people killed at recent concerts and music festivals were commemorated earlier this year at the Grammy Awards . “Music must always be our safe space,” Harvey Mason Jr., the chief executive of the Recording Academy, which gives out the awards, said during the telecast. “When that’s violated, it strikes at the very core of who we are.”

Christina Goldbaum

The ISIS branch the U.S. blames for the attack has targeted the Taliban’s links with allies, including Russia.

The ISIS affiliate that American officials say was behind the deadly attack in Moscow is one of the last significant antagonists that the Taliban government faces in Afghanistan, and it has carried out repeated attacks there, including on the Russian Embassy, in recent years.

That branch of ISIS — known as the Islamic State Khorasan or ISIS-K — has portrayed itself as the primary rival to the Taliban, who it says have not implemented true Shariah law since seizing power in 2021. It has sought to undermine the Taliban’s relationships with regional allies and portray the government as unable to provide security in the country, experts say.

In 2022, ISIS-K carried out attacks on the Russian and Pakistani embassies in Kabul and a hotel that was home to many Chinese nationals. More recently, it has also threatened attacks against the Chinese, Indian and Iranian embassies in Afghanistan and has released a flood of anti-Russian propaganda.

It has also struck outside Afghanistan. In January, ISIS-K carried out twin bombings in Iran that killed scores and wounded hundreds of others at a memorial service for Iran’s former top general, Qassim Suleimani, who was killed by a U.S. drone strike four years before.

In recent months, the Taliban’s relationship with Russia, as well as China and Iran, has warmed up. While no country has officially recognized the Taliban government, earlier this month Russia accepted a military attaché from the Taliban in Moscow, while China officially accepted a Taliban ambassador to the country. Both moves were seen as confidence-building measures with Taliban authorities.

ISIS-K has both denounced the Kremlin for its interventions in Syria and condemned the Taliban for engaging with Russian authorities decades after the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.

Its propaganda has painted the Taliban as “betraying the history of Afghanistan and betraying their religion by making friends with their former enemies,” said Ricardo Valle, the director of research of the Khorasan Diary, a research platform based in Islamabad.

In the more than two years since they took over in Afghanistan, Taliban security forces have conducted a ruthless campaign to try to eliminate ISIS-K and have successfully prevented the group from seizing territory within Afghanistan. Last year, Taliban security forces killed at least eight ISIS-K leaders, according to American officials, and pushed many other fighters into neighboring Pakistan .

Still, ISIS-K has proved resilient and remained active across Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran. Within Afghanistan, it has targeted Taliban security forces in hit-and-run attacks and — as it came under increasing pressure from Taliban counterterrorism operations — staged headline-grabbing attacks across the country. Just a day before the attack at the concert hall in Moscow, the group carried out a suicide bombing in Kandahar — the birthplace of the Taliban movement — sending a powerful message that even Taliban soldiers in the group’s heartland were not safe.

After the attack in Moscow, Abdul Qahar Balkhi, a spokesman for Afghanistan’s foreign ministry, said in a statement on social media that the country “condemns in the strongest terms the recent terrorist attack in Moscow” and “considers it a blatant violation of all human standards.”

“Regional countries must take a coordinated, clear and resolute position against such incidents directed at regional de-stabilization,” he added.

Oleg Matsnev

Names of the victims are beginning to emerge.

As emergency services combed the scene of the attack on a concert hall in Moscow, details on some of the victims began to emerge from officials and local news media.

Most of those identified so far appeared to be in their 40s, and many had traveled from other parts of the country to attend the concert where Piknik, a Russian rock band formed in the late 1970s, was slated to perform on Friday night.

Alexander Baklemyshev, 51, had long dreamed about seeing the band, his son told local media , and had traveled solo from his home city of Satka, some 1,000 miles east of Moscow, for the concert.

His son, Maksim, told the Russian news outlet MSK1 that his father had sent him a video of the concert hall before the attack. That was the last he heard from his father.

Irina Okisheva and her husband, Pavel Okishev, also traveled hundreds of miles to attend the concert — making their way from Kirov, northeast of Moscow. Mr. Okishev had received the tickets as an early birthday present. He was set to turn 35 next week, the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper reported. Both he and his wife died in the attack, the paper reported.

“Very painful and scary,” Ms. Okisheva’s colleagues wrote on a social media page for a photo studio where she worked. “The whole studio team is horrified by what happened.”

Anastasiya Volkova lost both of her parents in the attack. She told 5 TV that she had missed a call from her mother on Friday night at around the time of the attack. When she called back, there was no response, Ms. Volkova said.

As the death toll climbed to 133 people, the Moscow region’s health care ministry published a preliminary list of victims . It had 41 names; Andrey Rudnitsky was one of them.

A forward in an amateur hockey league, he turned 39 years old last week, according to his page on the league’s website. Mr. Rudnitsky’s teammates told Pro Gorod , a local news website, that he had moved to Moscow last year from Yaroslavl but planned to return home to play there. Mr. Rudnitsky had two children.

Ekaterina Novoselova, 42, was also on the list. Ms. Novoselova won a beauty pageant in 2001 in her home city of Tver, 110 miles northwest of Moscow, one of the pageant organizer’s told the local news outlet TIA . It reported that she had moved to Moscow to work as a lawyer and is survived by her husband and two children.

Some people appeared to have been named by mistake. Yevgeniya Ryumina, 38, told Komsomolskaya Pravda that she had fled the concert hall to safety. But she had lost her ID, Ms. Ryumina said, suggesting that might have led to the confusion.

This is what we know about the attack.

An attack Friday at a popular concert venue near Moscow killed 137 people, the deadliest act of terrorism the Russian capital region has seen in more than a decade.

The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack; American officials have attributed it to ISIS-K, a branch of the group.

Russian officials and state media have largely ignored ISIS’s claim of responsibility and instead suggested that Ukraine was behind the violence. Ukraine has denied any involvement, and American officials say there is no evidence connecting Kyiv to the attack.

Russian authorities have detained at least 11 people, including four migrant laborers described as Tajik citizens who have been charged with committing a terrorist act, but they have not identified most of the accused assailants or their motives.

Here’s a closer look at the attack.

What happened?

The gunmen entered the Crocus City Hall building, one of the biggest entertainment complexes in the Moscow area, with capacity of more than 6,000, shortly before a sold-out rock concert was scheduled to start. Armed with automatic rifles, they began shooting.

Using explosives and flammable liquids, Russian investigators said, they set the building ablaze, causing chaos as people began to run. The fire quickly engulfed more than a third of the building, spreading smoke and causing parts of the roof to collapse. Russia’s emergency service posted a video and pictures from after the fire showing charred seating and firefighters working to remove debris.

Russian law enforcement said that people had died from gunshot wounds and poisoning from the smoke.

At least three helicopters were dispatched to extinguish the fire or to try to rescue people from the roof. The firefighters were only able to contain the fire early on Saturday; the emergency service said it was mostly extinguished by 5 a.m.

The search for survivors ended on Saturday, as details about the victims began to emerge. Many of the more than 100 people injured in the attack were in critical condition.

Where are the assailants?

Attackers were able to flee the scene. Early on Saturday, the head of Russia’s top security agency, the F.S.B., said that 11 people had been detained in the connection to the attack, including “all four terrorists directly involved.” The four men were arraigned late Sunday and charged with committing a terrorist act, according to state and independent media outlets, and they face a maximum sentence of life in prison.

The press service of the Basmanny District Court said that the first two defendants, Dalerjon B. Mirzoyev and Saidakrami M. Rachalbalizoda, had pleaded guilty to the charges.

It did not specify any plea from the other two — Muhammadsobir Z. Fayzov, a 19-year-old barber and the youngest of the men charged, and Shamsidin Fariduni, 25, a married factory worker with an 8-month-old baby — according to Mediazona, an independent news outlet.

The men looked severely battered and injured as they appeared in court, and videos of them being tortured and beaten while under interrogation circulated widely on Russian social media.

There were signs that Russia would try to pin blame on Ukraine, despite the claim of responsibility by the Islamic State. The F.S.B. said in a statement that the attack had been carefully planned and that the terrorists had tried to flee toward Ukraine.

How are Russians responding?

President Vladimir V. Putin, who claimed victory in a presidential election last weekend, did not publicly address the tragedy until Saturday afternoon. In a five-minute address to the nation, he appeared to be laying the groundwork to blame Ukraine for the attack, claiming that “the Ukrainian side” had “prepared a window” for the attackers to cross the border from Russia into Ukraine.

But he did not definitively assign blame, saying that those responsible would be punished, “whoever they may be, whoever may have sent them.”

The attack has punctured the sense of relative safety for Muscovites over the past decade, bringing back memories of attacks that shadowed life in the Russian capital in the 2000s.

Russia observed a national day of mourning on Sunday as questions lingered about the identities and motives of the perpetrators. Flags were lowered to half-staff at buildings across the country.

Neil MacFarquhar contributed reporting.

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