write essay for india

Essay on India

Here we have shared the Essay on India in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

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Topics covered in this article.

Essay on India in 150 words

Essay on india in 200-300 words, essay on india in 500-1000 words.

India, a diverse and culturally rich country located in South Asia, is renowned for its vibrant festivals, ancient heritage sites, and diverse landscapes. With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India is a melting pot of religions, languages, and ethnicities. It is a secular nation that upholds democracy and freedom. India has made significant contributions to art, literature, science, and philosophy. Despite challenges, it has achieved progress in various fields, including technology and economic growth. As the world’s largest democracy, India’s cultural richness, traditions, and hospitality attract tourists from around the world. With a young and dynamic workforce, India is emerging as a global player in innovation and entrepreneurship. India’s resilience, cultural heritage, and growing influence continue to captivate the world, making it an important player on the global stage.

India, known as the land of diversity, is a country of rich culture, history, and traditions. It is located in South Asia and is the seventh-largest country by land area. India is renowned for its vibrant festivals, ancient heritage sites, and diverse landscapes, ranging from the majestic Himalayas to the serene backwaters of Kerala.

With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India is a melting pot of different religions, languages, and ethnicities. It is a secular country that upholds the principles of democracy and freedom. India has made significant contributions to art, literature, science, and philosophy throughout history.

Despite its challenges, India has achieved notable progress in various fields, including technology, space exploration, and economic growth. It is the world’s largest democracy and has a parliamentary system of government. India’s cultural richness, traditions, and hospitality attract millions of tourists from around the world each year.

In recent years, India has emerged as a global player, contributing to the world economy, science, and technology. It is home to a young and dynamic workforce that is driving innovation and entrepreneurship.

In conclusion, India is a country that embraces diversity, celebrates its rich cultural heritage, and strives for progress. With its vast landscapes, ancient history, and vibrant culture, India continues to captivate the world. The resilience and spirit of its people, coupled with its growing influence, make India a significant player on the global stage.

Title: India – A Tapestry of Diversity, Heritage, and Progress

Introduction :

India, a nation located in South Asia, is a land of rich cultural heritage, diverse traditions, and breathtaking landscapes. With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India is known for its vibrant festivals, ancient history, and varied cuisines. This essay explores the multifaceted aspects of India, including its rich cultural tapestry, historical significance, economic growth, and contributions to the world. From the majestic Himalayas in the north to the serene backwaters of Kerala in the south, India’s beauty and diversity captivate the hearts of millions. Let us embark on a journey through the vibrant and enchanting land of India.

Cultural Heritage

India’s cultural heritage is as vast and diverse as its geographical expanse. It is a melting pot of religions, languages, and customs. The country is home to numerous religions, including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Each religion has its own unique rituals, traditions, and festivals, contributing to the colorful tapestry of Indian culture. Festivals like Diwali, Eid, Holi, Christmas, and Durga Puja are celebrated with great enthusiasm and are a reflection of India’s religious diversity.

Historical Significance

India boasts a rich history that spans thousands of years. It has been the birthplace of several ancient civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization and the Maurya and Gupta Empires. The country has been the center of learning and trade for centuries, attracting scholars, explorers, and traders from around the world. The Mughal Empire, known for its architectural marvels like the Taj Mahal, left a lasting legacy on India’s history. The British colonial rule in India and the subsequent struggle for independence led by Mahatma Gandhi shaped the modern history of the nation.

Economic Growth

India has experienced significant economic growth in recent years. It is one of the world’s fastest-growing major economies and has become a prominent player on the global stage. The country has embraced economic liberalization, attracting foreign investments and fostering entrepreneurship. India’s information technology industry, pharmaceutical sector, and service industries have flourished, contributing to its economic prosperity. However, challenges such as poverty, income inequality, and unemployment persist, highlighting the need for inclusive growth and sustainable development.

Contributions to the World

India has made remarkable contributions to various fields, including science, literature, arts, and spirituality. Ancient Indian scholars made significant advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Indian literature, such as the Vedas, Ramayana, and Mahabharata, continues to inspire and influence people worldwide. Indian art forms like classical music, dance, and cinema have gained international recognition for their richness and beauty. Spiritual traditions like yoga and meditation have transcended borders, offering tools for holistic well-being.

Unity in Diversity

India’s strength lies in its unity amidst diversity. Despite its linguistic, religious, and cultural differences, the people of India have come together as a nation. The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, upholds the principles of democracy, secularism, and unity. The diverse fabric of Indian society is reflected in its official languages, Hindi and English, and the recognition of regional languages. India’s unity in diversity is celebrated through cultural exchange, interfaith dialogue, and the promotion of national integration.

Future Challenges and Opportunities

India faces a range of challenges, including poverty, environmental degradation, healthcare disparities, and social inequality. Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts in education, healthcare, sustainable development, and social welfare. However, India also presents immense opportunities for progress. With a young and dynamic workforce, a vibrant entrepreneurial spirit, and a growing middle class, India has the potential to achieve inclusive growth, technological advancements, and social transformation.

Conclusion :

India, with its diverse cultures, historical significance, economic growth, and contributions to the world, stands as a shining example of unity in diversity. The nation’s cultural heritage, ancient history, and rapid development reflect its resilience and potential. As India continues its journey toward progress and prosperity, it must embrace sustainable development, address societal challenges, and build an inclusive and equitable society. India’s beauty, traditions, and people leave an indelible mark on the hearts and minds of those who explore its captivating tapestry.

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India Essay

India is the seventh-largest country and most populous democracy in the world. It is located in South Asia and was officially declared as the Republic of India after its independence from British rule. India has unique topographical features – plains of central India, rain forests of the north east, icy cold Himalayan region and dry arid desert in west, among others. The cultural, linguistic and religious diversity of India is as much diverse as its geography.

Indian culture differs from place to place and is a union of several different cultures, spread across the length and breadth of the continent. Although there are 22 Languages imbibed in the Constitution of India, there are more than 1900 dialects or mother tongues are spoken throughout the nation. This huge cultural and linguistic diversity of India is one of its most distinguished features.

Long and Short Essay on India in English

India is one of the famous countries of the world. Every citizen of India must know about it means its history, struggle, culture and other important things.

Students are generally given this topic in their schools to write some paragraphs or full essay in the class tests or main exams.

Here we have given below long and short essay on India, which are well written essay on India to help students under various word limits.

They can select anyone of these India essay according to the words limit:

India Essay 1 (100 words)

India is a famous country all over the world. Geographically, our country is located to the south of Asia continent. India is a high population country and well protected from all directions naturally. It is a famous country for its great cultural and traditional values all across the world. It contains a mountain called Himalaya which is biggest in the world.

It is surrounded by the three big oceans from three directions such as in south with Indian Ocean, in east with Bay of Bengal and in west with Arabic sea. India is a democratic country ranks second for its population. The national language of India is Hindi however almost fourteen nationally recognized languages are spoken here.

India Essay 2 (150 words)

India is a beautiful country and famous all over the world for its unique cultures and traditions. It is famous for its historical heritages and monuments. Citizens here are very polite and understanding in nature. It was a slave country earlier to the 1947 under the British rule.

However, after many years of hard struggles and sacrifices of the great Indian freedom fighters, India got freedom from the British rule in 1947. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India and hoisted the Indian flag when India got freedom and he proclaimed that “When the world sleeps, India will wake to life and freedom”.

India is a democratic country where its public are authorized to take decisions for the betterment of the country. India is a famous country for the saying “Unity in Diversity” because people of many religions, castes, culture and tradition live together with unity. Most of the Indian heritages and monuments have been added to the world heritage sites.

India Essay 3 (200 words)

India is my mother country and I love it very much. People of India are very honest and truthful in nature. People of various unique traditions and culture live here together without any problem. The mother-tongue of my country is Hindi however many languages are spoken here by the people of different religions without any boundation. India is a great country of natural beauty where great people took birth from time to time and did great works. Indians are very heart-touching in nature and they heartily welcome their guests from other countries.

In India Indian philosophy of life is followed which is called as Sanatan Dharma and has become the main factor to maintain unity in diversity here. India is a republic country where its citizens have power to take decision about country.

There are many natural sceneries, places, monuments, historical heritage of the ancient time, etc which attracts people’s mind from every corner of the world. India is very famous for its spiritual works, Yoga, martial arts, etc. A huge crowd of pilgrims and devotees come here to see and enjoy the beauty of famous places, temples and other world heritage sites in India.

India Essay 4 (250 words)

My country India is a land of Shiva, Parvati, Krishna, Hanuman, Buddha, Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Vivekananda, Kabir, etc. It is a country where great people took birth and did great works. I love my country very much and salute it. It is famous for its biggest democracy and oldest civilization of the world. It is the second most populous country of the world after the chain.

It is a country where courteous people of many religions and cultures lives together. It is a country of great warriors such as Rana Pratap, Shivaji, Lal Bahadur Shashtri, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel, Subhash Chandra Bose, Bagat Singh, Lala Lajpet Rai and so many.

It is a rich country where great people took birth in the field of literature, art and science such as Rabindranath Tagore, Sara Chandra, Premchand, C.V. Raman, Jagadish Chandra Bose, APJ Abdul Kalama, Kabir Das, etc. Such great people of India were the proud of my country. All the great leaders of the country came from villages and led the country to go ahead.

They fought for many years and sacrificed their lives to make India an independent country from the British rule. It is a country where famous rivers and oceans are run regularly such as Ganges, Yamuna, Godavari, Narmada, Brahmaputra, Krishna, Kavery, Bay of Bengal, Arabic sea, etc. India is a beautiful country surrounded by the oceans from three sides. It is a country where people are very intellectual and spiritual and believe in God and Goddess.

India Essay 5 (300 words)

India is my motherland country where I took birth. I love India and have proud of it. India is a big democratic country which ranks second in population after China. It has rich and glorious past. It is considered as the country of old civilization of the world. It is a land of learning where students from many corners of the world come to study in the big universities.

It is famous for its various unique and diverse culture and tradition of people of many religions. Some people in the abroad as well follow the Indian culture and tradition because of being attractive in nature. Various invaders came and steal the glory and precious things of India. Some of them made it a slave country however various great leaders of the country became successful in making my motherland free of biritshers in 1947.

The day our country got freedom means 15 th of August is celebrated every year as Independence Day. Pt. Nehru became the first prime minister of India. It is a country rich in natural resources yet inhabitants here are poor. It is growing continuously in the field of technology, science and literature because of the eminent people like Rabindra Nath Tagore, Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, Sir C.V.Raman, Shri H. N. Bhabha, etc. It is a peace loving country where people of many religions follow their own culture and tradition as well as celebrate their festivals without any interference.

There are many glorious historical buildings, heritages, monuments and sceneries which attracts people’s mind from different countries every year. Taj Mahal is a great monument in India and symbol of eternal love and Kashmir as the heaven on the earth. It is a country of famous temples, mosques, churches, Gurudwaras, rivers, valleys, fertile plains, highest mountain, etc.

India Essay 6 (400 words)

India is my country and I proud to be an Indian. It ranks as the seventh largest country of the world as well as second most populated country of the world. It is also known as Bharat, Hindustan and Aryavart. It is a peninsula means surrounded by oceans from three sides such as Bay of Bengal in east, Arabian Sea in west and Indian Ocean in south. The national animal of India is tiger, national bird is peacock, national flower is lotus and national fruit is mango.

The flag of India has tricolor, saffron means purity (the uppermost), white means peace (the middle one having an Ashok Chakra) and green means fertility (the lowest one). Ashok Chakra contains equally divided 24 spokes. The national anthem of India is “Jana Gana Mana”, the national song is “Vande Mataram” and national sport is Hockey.

India is a country where people speak many languages and people of different castes, creeds, religions and cultures live together. That’s why India is famous for common saying of “unity in diversity”. It is well known as the land of spirituality, philosophy, science and technology. People of various religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism lives here together from the ancient time.

It is famous country for its agriculture and farming which are the backbones of it from the ancient time. It uses it own produced food grains and fruits. It is a famous tourist’s paradise because it attracts people’s mind from all over the world. It is rich in monuments, tombs, churches, historical buildings, temples, museums, scenic beauty, wild life sanctuaries, places of architecture, etc are the source of revenue to it.

It is the place where Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, golden temple, Qutab Minar, Red Fort, Ooty, Nilgiris, Kashmir, Kajuraho, Ajanta and Ellora caves, etc wonders exist. It is the country of great rivers, mountains, valleys, lakes and oceans. The national language of India is Hindi. It is a country where 29 states and UTs. It has 28 states which again have many small villages.

It is a chief agricultural country famous for producing sugarcane, cotton, jute, rice, wheat, cereals etc crops. It is a country where great leaders (Shivaji, Gandhiji, Nehru, Dr. Ambedkar, etc), great scientists (Dr. Jagadeeshchandra Bose, Dr Homi Bhabha, Dr. C. V Raman, Dr. Naralikar, etc) and great reformers (Mother Teresa, Pandurangashastri Alhavale, T. N. Sheshan) took birth. It is a country where diversity exists with strong unity and peace.

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Essay on My Country India for Students in English [Easy Words]

January 13, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on India: India, our motherland is a nation that believes in “Unity in Diversity”. It is the biggest democratic in the whole world. Incredible India is a mix of religions, languages, cultures, regions, traditions, food, etc. India’s beauty is defined by its geographical richness, and its natural splendour can be explored in its many rivers, lakes, valleys and hill stations.

Essay on India 500 Words in English

Below we have provided India Essay in English, suitable for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

India is one of the greatest nations in this world. It is known for its rich culture and traditions. People belonging to different religions and speaking different languages live here together. Our country aptly represents Unity in Diversity .

India is the seventh-largest country in the entire world. It is also a democratic country which means we can choose our leader. It is an incredible nation enriched with the beauty of nature. The vast mountains, forests, lakes, and oceans are bound to captivate your mind. Moreover, India’s rich historical heritage promotes eco-tourism on an annual basis.

Distinctive Features of India

Some of the unique features of our country have been mentioned below:

India is a peninsular country that is surrounded by water bodies on three sides.
Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal cover the western and eastern sides of India respectively.
India is also known as Bharat or Hindustan.
Our national anthem is Jana Gana Mana which was originally composed by Rabindranath Tagore .
Our national song is Vande Mataram which was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
Indian people are polite, sincere, and hard-working.
Peacock is our national bird, and the tiger is our national animal.
Mango is our national fruit and lotus is our national flower.
Indian people mostly speak Hindi as it is our national language.
India attained freedom on the 15th of August, 1947. We celebrate this day as Independence Day .
Rupee is the currency of India.
India has 29 states and 7 union territories.
While Delhi is the capital of our country, Mumbai serves to be the business capital of India.
Hockey is our national game.
Indian flag is a tricoloured flag consisting of saffron (top), white (middle), and green (bottom) parts. There is also a blue-coloured Ashoka Chakra present in the center of the white strap.
People from religious backgrounds like Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, etc. co-exist harmoniously in India.
Our country is filled with rich historical beauty. Ancient monuments, churches, temples, tombs, and museums add on to the aesthetic value of India.
Moreover, many hidden gems in India are closely associated with nature. Sanctuaries and wildlife reserves are a few of these natural spots.
Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep are the two most popular Islands of India.

Cultural Heritage of India

Whatever we inherit from our ancestors and our past, define our heritage. India has always had a varied cultural and traditional background. Indian culture is certainly the oldest in the world. Our ancient civilization dates back to 4500 years ago. We Indians are a mix of unique ethnic races. This cultural heritage has somehow enabled us to build a stronger community. It has also inspired us to evolve as our better selves.

India has beautiful geological structures planted in its different regions. Some of the most captivating ones include Leh, Siachen glacier, Jammu & Kashmir, Barren Islands, Pillar rocks, etc. Historical monuments like Qutub Minar , Taj Mahal , Golden Temple, Red Fort , Ajanta and Ellora caves, etc. are fascinating. They are the wonders which have survived the race against time. Every year, these places attract tons of foreign tourists who witness the glory of these monuments.

10 Lines Essay on India in English

India is a democratic country where people of different cultural backgrounds live together.
There are 29 states and 7 union territories in India.
India is the seventh-largest country in the entire world.
It is also the second most populated nation in the world.
Hindi is the national language of India.
Indian national flag is a tricoloured flag made up of saffron, white, and green colours.
Major festivals in India include Holi, Diwali, Durga Puja, Christmas, Eid, Guru Nanak Jayanti, etc.
Indian people are humble, sincere, and sweet.
The prime minister and the chief ministers run the administration of the country at central and state levels.
I am an Indian, and I love my country.

Essay On India Of My Dreams

India of My Dreams Essay

500+ words essay on india of my dreams.

All of us love our country and have a strong attachment to this ancient land of ours. We want to see a prosperous and happy India. Each one of us has a dream of how India should develop and progress. Just as Jawaharlal Nehru, our first Prime Minister had said at the time of independence that he had to solve 300 million problems (the population of India at that time); similarly, each one of us may have thought about the “India of my dreams”. The Father of our Nation, Mahatma Gandhi also expressed his thoughts on this topic. Now, their thoughts are published in the form of a book named “India of my Dreams”. Here, we have provided an Essay on India of My Dreams which is a sample essay. Students can take ideas from this essay and then write an Essay on India of their dreams by putting their own thoughts into words.

India of My Dreams

The India of my dreams will be a place full of peace and harmony. People will be filled with compassion, happiness and enthusiasm. I see an India where each individual will have a strong value system, where all human beings are equal. Everyone will have his or her role in the governance of the country directly as well as indirectly. I dream of an India which has people who are self-contained, self-reliant communities with truthful and transparent lives with good health, education and lives.

I dream of India as a country where everyone has access to education. There are children who belong to poor families and cannot afford education because of the costs of education. For such children, education should be provided freely. Moreover, education should be provided irrespective of gender discrimination. The girl child should be given equal opportunities similar to the boy child.

Women Empowerment

The India of my dreams includes women who are respected everywhere. They have power and rights equal to men. They are treated as an extremely important member of the family where they can take decisions and have financial independence. They must get a safe environment where they don’t have to worry about crimes such as rape, physical assault, kidnapping, acid attack, domestic violence, dowry system, sexual harassment at the workplace, etc. They must feel safe and protected so that they can utilise their full potential and energy in the right direction. This would enable them to showcase their talent and thus contribute to the development of the nation.

Corruption-Free India

Corruption is the biggest hurdle in the path of the development of our country. If our government and political system become corruption-free, then our country will develop fast. The bribery system will come to an end and all bureaucrats will function with integrity and accountability. Every government servant will take responsibility for their work. So, the India of my dream will be corruption free.

Employment Opportunities

Creating employment opportunities for youth is one of the key factors that contribute to the development of a nation. India which I dream of should have enormous opportunities for youth so they can be easily employed. There should be jobs in every sector so that one can work in the area of his/her interest. In this way, India will reach great heights.

Clean, Green and Pollution-Free Environment

The India of my dreams will be clean, green and healthy for everyone. People will enjoy the greenery, fresh air and pollution-free environment. The highest standards of cleanliness and hygiene will be maintained in the India of my dreams. Citizens will actively participate in making India clean so everyone gets a healthy environment.

This is my India — a great country, a land of peace, prosperity and truthfulness where no one is afraid of speaking the truth and where there is no corruption. It will be a country where women are respected and people from all religions coexist and where every citizen is proud to be an Indian. It will be a country free from violence, terrorism, hunger and suffering.

Essays Topics for Students Practise

After writing an essay on the India of my dreams, students must practise essays on similar topics. To help them with this, we have provided a few essay topics as suggestions:

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi
Essay on the First Prime Minister of India
Essay on Bhagat Singh
Essay on Freedom Fighters

Frequently Asked Questions on India

Who is known as the ‘father of nation’ in india..

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is known as the ‘Father of the Nation’. Gandhiji played a key role in gaining India’s independence from British rule in 1947 by peaceful means and spreading the message of non-violence.

What is the capital of India?

New Delhi is the national capital of India. It is situated in the north-central part of the country on the west bank of the Yamuna River.

Describe the Indian National Flag.

The Indian National Flag is a horizontal tricolour. It contains saffron colour (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and green at the bottom in equal proportion. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the chakra. The top saffron colour indicates the strength and courage of the country. The white middle band indicates peace and truth with Dharma Chakra. The green shows the fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land.

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Essay on India in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on India : India is the seventh-largest country and the most populous democracy in the world. It is located in South Asia and was officially declared the Republic of India after its independence from British rule. India has unique topographical features – plains of central India, rain forests of the northeast, icy cold Himalayan region, and dry arid desert in the west, among others. India’s cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity is as diverse as its geography.

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Target Exam ---

Indian culture differs from place to place and is a union of several different cultures spread across the length and breadth of the continent. Although there are 22 Languages imbibed in the Constitution of India, more than 1900 dialects or mother tongues are spoken throughout the nation. India’s huge cultural and linguistic diversity is one of its most distinguished features.

Long and Short Essay on India in English

India is one of the most famous countries in the world. Every citizen of India must know about its history, struggle, culture, and other important things.

Students are generally given this topic in their schools to write some paragraphs or full essays in the class tests or main exams.

Here we have given below long and short essays on India, which are well-written essays to help students under various word limits.

They can select anyone of these India essays according to the words limit:

Essay on India 100 words

India is a famous country all over the world. Geographically, our country is located to the south of the Asia continent. India is a high population country and well protected from all directions naturally. It is a famous country for its great cultural and traditional values all across the world. It contains a mountain called Himalaya, which is the biggest in the world.

Three big oceans surround it in three directions: the south with the Indian Ocean, the east with the Bay of Bengal, and the west with the Arabic sea. India is a democratic country that ranks second in its population. The national language of India is Hindi however, almost fourteen nationally recognized languages are spoken here.

Essay on India 150 words

However, after many years of hard struggles and sacrifices of the great Indian freedom fighters, India got freedom from British rule in 1947. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru became India’s first Prime Minister, hoisted the Indian flag when India got freedom, and proclaimed, “When the world sleeps, India will wake to life and freedom.”

India is a democratic country where its public is authorized to take decisions for the betterment of the country. India is a famous country for the saying “Unity in Diversity” because people of many religions, castes, cultures, and traditions live together in unity. Most of the Indian heritages and monuments have been added to the world heritage sites.

Essay on India 200 words

India is my mother country, and I love it very much. The people of India are very honest and truthful in nature. People of various unique traditions and cultures live here together without any problem. The mother tongue of my country is Hindi however many languages are spoken here by people of different religions without any foundation. India is a great country of natural beauty where great people took birth from time to time and did great works. Indians are heart-touching in nature and heartily welcome guests from other countries.

In India, the Indian philosophy of life is called Sanatan Dharma and has become the main factor in maintaining unity in diversity here. India is a republic country where its citizens have the power to take decisions about the country.

There are many natural sceneries, places, monuments, historical heritage of ancient time, etc., which attracts people’s minds from every corner of the world. India is famous for its spiritual works, Yoga, martial arts, etc. A huge crowd of pilgrims and devotees come here to see and enjoy the beauty of famous places, temples, and other world heritage sites in India.

Essay on India 250 words

My country India is a land of Shiva, Parvati, Krishna, Hanuman, Buddha, Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Vivekananda, Kabir, etc. It is a country where great people took birth and did great work. I love my country very much and salute it. It is famous for its biggest democracy and oldest civilization in the world. It is the second most populous country in the world after the chain.

It is a country where courteous people of many religions and cultures live together. It is a country of great warriors such as Rana Pratap, Shivaji, Lal Bahadur Shashtri, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel, Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh, Lala Lajpat Rai, and so many.

It is a rich country where great people took birth in literature, art, and science, such as Rabindranath Tagore, Sara Chandra, Premchand, C.V. Raman, Jagadish Chandra Bose, APJ Abdul Kalama, Kabir Das, etc. Such great people of India were proud of my country. All the great leaders came from villages and led the country to go ahead.

They fought for many years and sacrificed their lives to make India an independent country from British rule. It is a country where famous rivers and oceans are run regularly, such as the Ganges, Yamuna, Godavari, Narmada, Brahmaputra, Krishna, Kavery, Bay of Bengal, Arabic sea, etc. India is a beautiful country surrounded by the oceans from three sides. It is a country where people are very intellectual and spiritual and believe in God and Goddess.

Essay on India 300 words

India is my motherland country where I took birth. I love India and have proud of it. India is a big democratic country that ranks second in population after China. It has a rich and glorious past. It is considered the country of old civilization in the world. It is a land of learning where students from many corners come to study in the big universities.

It is famous for its various unique and diverse cultures and tradition of people of many religions. Some people abroad as well follow Indian culture and tradition because of being attracted to nature. Various invaders came and steal the glory and precious things of India. Some of them made it a slave country; however various great leaders of the country became successful in making my motherland free of Britishers in 1947.

The day our country got freedom means the 15 th of August is celebrated every year as Independence Day. Pt. Nehru became the first prime minister of India. It is a country rich in natural resources, yet the inhabitants here are poor. It is growing continuously in technology, science, and literature because of eminent people like Rabindra Nath Tagore, Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, Sir C.V.Raman, Shri H. N. Bhabha, etc. It is a peace-loving country where people of many religions follow their own culture and tradition as well as celebrate their festivals without any interference.

There are many glorious historical buildings, heritages, monuments and sceneries which attract people mind from different countries every year. Taj Mahal is a great monument in India and a symbol of eternal love and Kashmir as the heaven on the earth. It is a country of famous temples, mosques, churches, Gurudwaras, rivers, valleys, fertile plains, highest mountain, etc.

Essay on India 400 words

India is my country, and I am proud to be an Indian. It ranks as the seventh largest country in the world as well as the second most populated country in the world. It is also known as Bharat, Hindustan, and Aryavart. It is a peninsula means surrounded by oceans on three sides as Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west, and the Indian Ocean in the south. The national animal of India is a tiger, the national bird is a peacock, national flower is the lotus, and the national fruit is mango.

The flag of India has a tricolor, and saffron means purity (the uppermost), white means peace (the middle one having an Ashok Chakra), and green means fertility (the lowest one). Ashok Chakra contains equally divided 24 spokes. The national anthem of India is “Jana Gana Mana,” the national song is “Vande Mataram,” and the national sport is Hockey.

India is a country where people speak many languages, and people of different castes, creeds, religions, and cultures live together. That’s why India is famous for the common saying of “unity in diversity.” It is well known as the land of spirituality, philosophy, science, and technology. People of various religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, and Judaism have lived together in ancient times.

It is a famous country for its agriculture and farming, which are the backbones from ancient times. It uses its own produced food grains and fruits. It is a famous tourist paradise because it attracts people from all over the world. It is rich in monuments, tombs, churches, historical buildings, temples, museums, scenic beauty, wildlife sanctuaries, places of architecture, etc., which are its source of revenue.

It is where Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, golden temple, Qutab Minar, Red Fort, Ooty, Nilgiris, Kashmir, Khajuraho, Ajanta and Ellora caves, etc., wonders exist. It is a country of great rivers, mountains, valleys, lakes, and oceans. The national language of India is Hindi. It is a country where 29 states and UTs. It has 28 states which again have many small villages.

It is a chief agricultural country famous for producing crops of sugarcane, cotton, jute, rice, wheat, cereals, etc. It is a country where great leaders (Shivaji, Gandhiji, Nehru, Dr. Ambedkar, etc.), great scientists (Dr. Jagadeeshchandra Bose, Dr. Homi Bhabha, Dr. C. V Raman, Dr. Naralikar, etc.) and great reformers (Mother Teresa, Pandurangashastri Alhavale, T. N. Sheshan) took birth. It is a country where diversity exists with strong unity and peace.

Essay on India FAQs

What makes india special essay.

India is special due to its rich culture, history, and diverse traditions.

How to write an essay on my country India?

To write an essay about India, describe its culture, heritage, and achievements.

What are the 10 lines of India of my dream?

In my dream India, there's unity, education for all, and prosperity.

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Education System In India Essay

Indian education reformers want to narrow the disparity in student achievement between rural and urban areas. India's educators work hard to overcome their country's challenges in providing quality education to all its citizens. Here are some sample essays on the education system in India.

100 Words Essay On Education System In India

India's education system is ideal for providing its students with a solid academic foundation. It emphasises lifelong learning and encourages its students to pursue higher education. It also develops the students' language skills by allowing them to study in both English and Indian languages. Such courses encourage ideal attitudes toward their nation and its people- creating a positive atmosphere for learning and growth.

India surrounds its students with Indian history, culture, religion, and literature throughout their schooling years. It promotes patriotism through encouraging students to study Indian history and culture. This can help them develop a sense of cultural pride that can inspire them to support the development of their home country.

200 Words Essay On Education System In India

Education is the most important aspect of any society. It is the foundation on which a society is built and the tool that allows its citizens to make the most of their lives. It allows the country to educate its people and earn revenue from their talents. However, there are always 2 sides to a coin, along with benefits there are also some issues.

Issues In The Indian Education System

The Indian education system is in a state of flux. A number of issues have cropped up in recent years, and there seems to be no clear solution in sight.

One of the biggest problems is the disparity between urban and rural students. The quality of education that students in rural areas receive is quite poor, and they often don't have access to the same resources as their urban counterparts. This leads to a huge achievement gap between students from different backgrounds.

There are also concerns about the level of education that students are receiving. Many experts believe that the curriculum is outdated and does not prepare students for the modern world. In addition, there is a lot of emphasis on rote learning, which does not allow students to think creatively or critically.

500 Words Essay On Education System In India

The education system in India is plagued with a number of issues that have a direct impact on the students. Addressing these issues will require systemic changes that ensure all students can access adequate resources.

Challenges of Accessibility and Quality

Let's take a closer look at two of the biggest challenges facing India's education system: accessibility and quality.

Accessibility is a huge issue in India. Due to poverty and the lack of infrastructure, many rural areas and poor urban neighbourhoods don't have adequate schools or teachers. As a result, many children are denied the right to an education.

And even when children have access to education, it's often of poor quality. Many schools are overcrowded and underfunded, which means that students don't have access to good teachers or up-to-date textbooks and other learning materials.

Impact of Gender Inequality

One issue impacting the students is gender inequality. Boys and girls are not given an equal opportunity to receive an education. This needs to change if India wants to become a developed nation. Girls need to be given the same opportunities as boys so that they can contribute to the growth of the country. There are many solutions that have been proposed to address this issue, but more needs to be done to implement them successfully.

Struggles of India’s Rural Areas

For many parts of the country, especially rural areas, the issues in India’s education system run even deeper. Much of the Indian population is still living without access to educational resources and other basic needs. To make matters worse, a large number of these people belong to marginalised communities, like those living in poverty or facing discrimination based on factors like gender or caste.

In rural areas, most schools are underfunded and lack basic facilities. These schools face varying levels of neglect when it comes to providing adequate teacher support as well as basic needs such as toilets, clean drinking water, and well-maintained buildings. As a result, attendance rates at primary schools are often very low and many drop out before completing schooling altogether.

Solutions for Improved Education

The Indian government has taken various steps to ensure that a quality education is accessible for all. In 2020, the government launched a new initiative called ‘National Education Policy’ (NEP) which promises to set up a new educational system in India with increased access, improved quality, and greater equity. This initiative will focus on strengthening school education by providing more resources and more qualified teachers, and introducing vocational training programs as an alternative to traditional education.

NEP also sets out some objectives for higher education that aim to make learning more interesting and accessible. These include setting up new autonomous colleges for research purposes, and improving the availability of faculty in universities. NEP also aims to bridge the digital divide by making information communication technology (ICT) an integral part of teaching and learning.

Furthermore, NEP plans to focus on addressing gender inequalities in the Indian education system by introducing measures such as affirmative action policies, gender sensitization training, flexible learning options and financial assistance schemes specifically for women. These strategies go a long way towards improving India’s educational system and ensuring better outcomes for students across the country.

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The Lasting Impact of British Rule on India’s Landscape

This essay about British imperialism in India examines the transformative impact of British rule from 1858 to 1947, highlighting both the socio-economic and cultural shifts that occurred. It outlines the introduction of a unified legal system, substantial infrastructure projects like railways, and the promotion of English education, all of which left a lasting imprint on India. The piece discusses the economic strategies that led to a dependency on British goods and the political maneuvering that exacerbated communal tensions, culminating in the partition of 1947. Additionally, the essay reflects on the ongoing influence of colonial legacies in contemporary India, illustrating the complex consequences of this period in shaping India’s current social, political, and economic landscape.

How it works

The British Raj, sometimes known as British imperialism in India, was in effect from 1858 until 1947 and was a pivotal time in both Indian and British history. This period marked a significant shift in India’s socioeconomic and cultural landscapes in addition to political domination. The legal, political, and educational systems of the contemporary nation of India are still impacted by the many facets of British administration.

With the founding of the British East India Company in the early 1600s, British rule over India was gradually established.

The corporation began as a commerce organization but quickly evolved into an imperialist tool, controlling regional leaders and significantly influencing India’s political climate. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 was put down in the middle of the 19th century, the British Crown assumed direct authority, ushering in a nearly 90-year reign of dominance.

The establishment of a single legal system was one of the British left behind in India that mattered most. Indian law was a complicated fusion of regional customs and religious rules before to British administration. The British established a codified legal system that frequently ignored the subtleties of the regional social fabric while streamlining judicial operations. Even though it was harsh and alien, this system served as a model for India’s modern judicial system, which is still influenced by colonialism.

British contributions to infrastructure were significant. Originally constructed mainly to extract resources and bolster military authority, India’s railway network eventually played a crucial role in the country’s economy by linking outlying areas with large cities. In a similar vein, the development of the telegraph and postal systems contributed to the modernization of public communication. Although these advancements were advantageous for Indian society, they were not only selfless donations to the invaders but also instruments of control and profit.

Culturally, British imperialism had a dichotomous impact. On one hand, the introduction of English as a medium of instruction opened up new educational avenues for Indians and facilitated the rise of a new class of educated Indians. This English-educated class would eventually become crucial in the push for Indian independence. On the other hand, the British portrayal of Indian society as backward and uncivilized justified their rule as a civilizing mission, undermining and altering traditional Indian education systems and cultural practices.

The most criticized part of British rule in India was perhaps its economic impact. The colonial economy was set up to help the British economy by creating a “drain of wealth” scenario in which India supplied raw materials to Britain and bought things made in Britain. This resulted in reliance that hampered economic growth and deindustrialization in certain areas of the Indian economy. These policies’ effects led to widespread poverty and acted as a trigger for the famines that afflicted India when it was ruled by the British.

Politically, British imperialism sowed the seeds for the sectarian division between Hindus and Muslims, a divide that was exploited through the policy of divide and rule. This policy exacerbated communal tensions, the effects of which led to the partition of India in 1947, a momentous event that caused immense human suffering and displacement.

The lingering effects of colonialism can still be seen in India’s political and legal structures, economic policies, and educational frameworks as the country develops. The subcontinent’s course was drastically altered during the British Raj, a time of great change that is still being studied. Comprehending this era is crucial for historical precision and for acknowledging the intricate inheritance that shapes modern-day India. Even though the British Raj came to an end more than seven decades ago, talks concerning colonialism and its aftereffects still make sense when considering its effects and the lessons it may teach.

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The Lasting Impact of British Rule on India’s Landscape. (2024, May 12). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/the-lasting-impact-of-british-rule-on-indias-landscape/

"The Lasting Impact of British Rule on India’s Landscape." PapersOwl.com , 12 May 2024, https://papersowl.com/examples/the-lasting-impact-of-british-rule-on-indias-landscape/

PapersOwl.com. (2024). The Lasting Impact of British Rule on India’s Landscape . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/the-lasting-impact-of-british-rule-on-indias-landscape/ [Accessed: 15 May. 2024]

"The Lasting Impact of British Rule on India’s Landscape." PapersOwl.com, May 12, 2024. Accessed May 15, 2024. https://papersowl.com/examples/the-lasting-impact-of-british-rule-on-indias-landscape/

"The Lasting Impact of British Rule on India’s Landscape," PapersOwl.com , 12-May-2024. [Online]. Available: https://papersowl.com/examples/the-lasting-impact-of-british-rule-on-indias-landscape/. [Accessed: 15-May-2024]

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School Education /

Essay on Chess in 500 Words in English for School Students

Updated on
May 14, 2024

Essay on Chess: Chess is known as the ‘Royal Game’ as it was popular among the nobility in ancient and medieval times. Some find chess interesting, some not, but this two-man game can teach you the art of winning and losing in life. Originating in ancient India, this timeless game has journeyed through epochs, shaping civilisations and captivating minds worldwide. Let’s discuss more through an essay on chess.

Table of Contents

1.1 Origins of Chess: Chaturanga and Its Legacy
1.2 From India to Persia and Beyond
1.3 Medieval Europe: Adoption and Adaptation
1.4 Standardization and Globalization: The Rise of FIDE
1.5 Indian Chess: A Renaissance and Future Prospects
1.6 Conclusion

Essay on Chess in 500 Words

Chess is a game of strategy and intellect. It has a rich history that spans centuries and continents. From its humble beginnings in ancient India to its modern-day status as a global phenomenon, the evolution of chess reflects the cultural exchanges and innovations of civilisations throughout history.

Quick Read: Essay on the Role of Youth in Nation-Building

Origins of Chess: Chaturanga and Its Legacy

The origins of chess trace back to the ancient Indian game of Chaturanga, which flourished around the 6th century. Chaturanga, meaning “four divisions,” was a precursor to modern chess, featuring distinct military divisions represented by pieces on a 64-square board. While the exact origins remain shrouded in mystery, evidence suggests that Chaturanga played a pivotal role in the development of chess, with its strategic gameplay and unique piece movements laying the foundation for the game we know today.

From India to Persia and Beyond

The expansion of chess beyond India began in the 7th century when Indian rulers shared the game with the Sasanian Empire in Persia. Renamed Shatranj or Chaturang in Persia, chess underwent adaptations, including the introduction of new pieces like the firzan (counsellor). The game’s journey along the Silk Road facilitated its spread to East Asia, where it evolved into variants such as Chinese chess. The cultural exchanges along these trade routes influenced regional variations, enriching the diversity of chess gameplay.

Medieval Europe: Adoption and Adaptation

The introduction of chess to medieval Europe occurred through the Arab Empire, which patronised the game despite prohibitions on gambling. As chess spread across Northern Africa and Europe, it underwent further adaptations to suit local customs and preferences. While basic chess sets were prevalent during this period, the game gained popularity among European nobility, paving the way for elaborately crafted boards and pieces.

Standardization and Globalization: The Rise of FIDE

By the 19th century, efforts to standardize chess led to the development of the Staunton design, endorsed by Howard Staunton, a prominent chess player of the era. This standardisation facilitated organized competitions and tournaments, laying the groundwork for the establishment of FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs) in 1924. FIDE’s formation marked a significant milestone in the globalization of chess, creating a unified framework for international competition and governance.

Indian Chess: A Renaissance and Future Prospects

Despite its ancient origins, India’s contributions to chess were revitalized in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with players like Vishwanathan Anand emerging as world champions. This resurgence reflects India’s enduring connection to the game and its ongoing efforts to produce world-class talent. The rise of young prodigies like Gokesh symbolises India’s continued prominence in the world of chess, reaffirming its legacy as the birthplace of this timeless game.

Quick Read: Essay on Voting Rights in India: 500 Words in English for Students

Chess’s evolution from its origins in ancient India to its global prominence today exemplifies the enduring appeal of strategic gameplay and intellectual challenge. As the game continues to adapt and thrive in diverse cultural contexts, it remains a testament to the human capacity for creativity, ingenuity, and competitive spirit. Whether played on a digital platform or across a traditional board, chess transcends boundaries, uniting players across time and space in the pursuit of victory and mastery.

Ans: As we navigate the chessboard of life, let’s remember the valuable lessons we can learn from this timeless game. Whether we play for fun or aspire to become chess champions, the strategic world of chess is an exceptional realm that rewards dedication, patience, and the thrill of a well-executed strategy.

Ans: Playing chess can improve our mental and problem-solving skills. It is a game of strategy, where we can learn how to make plans and achieve our life goals. Chess is an educational tool and can help students enhance their focus. Moreover, chess can teach the art of winning and losing.

Ans: The game of chess was born in India during the Gupta dynasty in the 6th century. Today, more than 1500 years later, it is played in 172 countries.

Aayushi Vardhan

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Tips to answer multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay-type questions in exams

E xams are a stressful affair and they require smart strategies and techniques to excel. While in-depth learning is crucial, different types of questions demand specific strategies and approaches for solving.

Exams may appear in several formats including multiple choice questions, short answers and essays, each requiring different techniques of answering.

Below is a comprehensive guide to solving exams with different types of question patterns:

TIPS TO ANSWER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

The first and foremost thing to do is to read the questions properly. Often, students miss out on important details due to a lack of focus. Paying attention to each and every piece of information and reading with attention is crucial.
After reading the question, try to predict the answer without referring to the given options. This increases your chances of selecting the correct answer through educated guessing.
Using the process of elimination can do wonders. In this method, you eliminate the options you believe are incorrect. This narrows down your choices and aids in identifying the correct response.
Paying attention to words such as 'always,' 'never,' 'sometimes,' 'most,' 'only,' 'many,' 'but,' and 'often' can help us better understand the sentence. These words tend to alter the meaning of the sentence and hence should be paid attention to and read properly.
Â Understanding concepts thoroughly enables you to grasp the context of questions accurately and answer them correctly.

TIPS TO ANSWER SHORT QUESTIONS

Read the question properly and comprehend it well. Understand whether you need to give a definition, provide examples, write a brief summary or offer comparisons.
Write the answer to the point, avoiding unnecessary explanations and using keywords. This increases your chances of scoring higher.
Use simple language and avoid complex terms, as they can confuse the examiner. The simpler your answer, the higher your score.
Write your answers in a logical and organised manner. Structure your answers with separate paragraphs, bullet points, flowcharts, tables, etc., as this makes it easier for the examiner to read and understand your answer.
During the preparatory phase, use colourful pens, flashcards, charts, and drawings to learn concepts well. This method helps in recollecting the answers during exams.
Indulge in self-testing methods by practicing sample question papers, demo tests, and solving previous year question papers to understand the probable questions and the exam pattern.
Having a time management strategy in place is important. Allocate time for different types of questions and try to solve them within the given time frame.

TIPS TO WRITE ESSAYS

Understand the topic well and follow the instructions.
Brainstorm ideas on the topic and plan the points you intend to include.
Begin with an informative yet concise introduction, followed by a detailed body and a conclusion that summarizes your essay.
Ensure the essay is well-structured and divided into a minimum of 3-4 paragraphs.
Use quotations and examples to support the information you have written.
Adhere to the specified time and word limits.
Ensure your essay is written in simple and clear language.
Always remember to proofread the essay to eliminate grammatical and spelling errors.
Make reading a regular practice to enhance language proficiency and facilitate a smoother flow of thoughts.

By implementing such strategic approaches, you can efficiently answer your questions. It is important to study diligently and practice with sample papers.

During the exam, take the time to read the question paper properly during the allocated reading time and manage your time effectively.

- Article by Nischal Narayanam,Â mathematical child prodigy, winner of the National Child Award (Gold Medal), youngest double Guinness World Record holder in memory power,Â first Indian to win the World Memory Championship title, youngest CA, andÂ Founder and Mentor at Nischals

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Cashless India Essay

An Introduction to Cashless India

A cashless India is the first step towards making the dream of digital India a reality. In this cashless India essay, we will be talking about the meaning of ‘cashless’, the different alternatives for our monetary system, and the disadvantages and advantages of a country going fully cashless and digital in its economy. The following cashless India essay in English is for students studying in class 5 and above. The language here has been kept simple for a better understanding of young students. This essay on the cashless economy in India would enable young students to write an essay on the cashless economy in India on their own.

As we know that cashless India is the new India and with the decision made by our honourable prime minister to demonetize money used previously, this concept of going cashless has become very popular. Although there are some disadvantages of going cashless, along with that there are more benefits as well. In this essay, you will know about everything that will help you to get better information about the concept of India going cashless.

Essay on Cashless India

On the evening of November 8, 2016, at 8 P.M., Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India announced the demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupees notes in India. That historic decision had many reasons. One of the reasons was laying the stepping stone towards the dream of a cashless India.

The traditional form of monetary transactions happens with the exchange of physical hard cash between people. Cashless India is going to make it almost redundant. This idea has got a huge amount of push due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, given the concerns with the exchange of physical cash. There are a lot of advantages to going cashless. Remember that everything has a positive as well as a negative aspect. It is not that there won't be any disadvantages of going cashless but the thing is that you tend to find the ways by which you can prevent these disadvantages from harming you. All that you need to do is be more careful. As we all know, prevention is always better than cure.

First of all, let’s understand the meaning of a cashless economy. A cashless economy is one in which the liquid transactions through the system happen with the exchange of plastic currency or through digital currency. ATM debit and credit cards are plastic currency and online payments come under digital currency. The advent of blockchain technology has redefined the meaning of a cashless economy through bitcoins. A decentralized system of finance is defined by the concept of bitcoins, but we are not focusing on that in this particular essay on cashless India. We are more focused to discuss why India needs to go cashless and what are the benefits that will come with India taking on this new change. This essay provides you with information on the advantages and disadvantages of the digital payment system also. It is not that you are not going to face any problem in online transactions, you must have heard that a coin has two sides and just like that, this topic of cashless India also has both pros and cons. Let’s move on to the pros and cons of a digital payment system.

We can see the Three Main Advantages of Cashless India.

Reduction of Black Money

Black money is the money that is earned but not accounted for in taxes. That money is hidden by people from paying taxes. This black money is an illegal instrument in an economy that is capable of reducing a government down to bankruptcy. The cashless economy will ensure there’s no black money since unlike hard cash digital money cannot be hidden. At least there is no way yet that could make the hiding possible. Digital money enables governments to track all transactions in an economy that helps keep the income authentic and transparent. The technology behind the digital economy has to be well updated and sturdy though.

Transparency

India has corruption inbred in its system starting from the ministerial level to the watchman level. And it exists due to the lack of transparency in our monetary system. In an economy that is as big as India, transparency is a huge issue. We have learned of scandals like the CWG or 2g scams or the Rafale Jet scams over the years, and these scams are a result of the lack of transparency in transactions. It’s a shame that a small cashless economy in India essay would never do justice to the topic since it will never be enough to write about all of the corruption scandals India has had since its independence. Corruptions of this scale could be brought down to a large extent if we could achieve that dream of a cashless economy throughout. And it's possible because the origin and endpoint of a transaction could easily be tracked in a cashless economy and that’s the biggest advantage.

There are Two Major Disadvantages of Cashless India.

Online Theft

With the improving technology every day, there’s a rampant increase in online cheating and fraud episodes. If the government is unable to achieve sturdy and not-possible-to-hack digital systems, in a country like India with a 135 crore population, it is completely impossible to make the economy cashless. People are still afraid of making big transactions online after watching the reports of online thefts on national news channels.

Infrastructure, or the Lack of it

Not just the government infrastructure, it requires infrastructure on an individual level too. A gadget or a smartphone, data connectivity, and electricity for charging the phones regularly are the basic requirements for making online transactions possible. These are privileges that exist mostly in urban India and most of rural India is still deprived of these privileges. The government should first fix this before even dreaming of making a cashless India possible.

The Government of India took the whole country by storm by announcing the demonetization on 8th November 2016. 500- and 1000-rupees notes were no longer legal tender. This move was aimed at getting rid of the black money in the economy that was largely used to fund criminals and terrorists and formed a parallel economy. The acute shortage of cash led to long queues outside ATMs and banks trying to withdraw cash or exchange notes. This was all to initiate the fruition of a dream of cashless India.

With the enormous amount of technological revolutions happening, it is close to impossible to find people without a smartphone in these times. Almost every citizen possesses a smartphone. The ease of transaction through interfaces like GooglePay or PhonePe or Paytm has never been more seamless than this. The Indian government has also introduced interfaces like UPI or Unified Payments Interface for hassle-free digital transactions that are fully cashless.

In recent years, we have been asked to be in very less contact with each other. This is because of the communicable diseases of Covid-19 that have seen an adverse effect throughout India. For this reason, online payments have recently been the most popular means of transaction. The money will directly get transferred to the account of the user from our account; all you need to do is just download the app that you can use for the transaction.

In the end, the demonetization step became crucial to start a cashless economy in the country. It has paved the way towards an economy in India that is defined by greater transparency and convenience and ease in monetary transactions.

FAQs on Cashless India Essay

1. Which Country is fully cashless?

There are a lot of benefits of going cashless and most of the benefits are discussed over here. Now the world is more focused on how to go cashless as they are well aware of the advantages that they will have after going cashless. This is the reason that most of the countries are seeking some changes and making constant efforts to make their country cashless. Going cashless will improve technologies and will also increase your economy. That is also one of the main reasons why this world is more focused on going cashless. Sweden could achieve a near cashless economy in the world.

2. Name the different Digital Currencies in the world?

Just as in terms of cash, we have rupees or dollars or pounds and so on. In the same way, it is not like only one kind of digital currency is used throughout the whole world. There are different kinds of currencies that the world uses for online transactions. Litecoin, Bitcoin, Ethereum are some of them that were found to be in existence as of 2020. You need to have good knowledge about these currencies and then you can easily transfer the money.

3. What are the apps that you can use to transfer money directly into another person's account in India?

In India going cashless is the new normal. People are using online money apps such as Google pay, Paytm, Payz app, PhonePe to make the transactions directly through their phone and bank account but when we talk about the currencies being used currently, Indians are more preferably using bitcoins as their online currency. India is now making efforts to go cashless and increase its economy.

4. How much is India cashless now?

In recent years, at the time of Corona, it was advised to people not to make contact with each other. It was at that time that the cashless India concept was created and the apps like Google Pay etc came into existence. The app was introduced in India before it came into use. In the covid time, most people used the cashless way of payment. The census has proved that 37% of India has not paid using cash since the Corona times.

5. Is it possible to have cashless India anytime sooner?

Given the regency usage and increased usage of the apps such as Google pay and Paytm and the increase in the number of vendors who have accepted this method of online payment, the more India can be cashless. The most difficult thing will be to make the people of India agree to use these online methods of payment and move toward increasing the other economy of India. India too can be cashless; it is just that we need to create awareness among people regarding this.

De-Coding Indian Intellectual Property Law

Announcing the 2024 Shamnad Basheer Essay Competition on Intellectual Property Law

An image of Prof. Basheer wearing a blue shirt under a black blazer.

Celebrating our founder Prof. (Dr.) Shamnad Basheer’s 48th birth anniversary, SpicyIP is thrilled to announce the 2024 edition of the Shamnad Basheer Essay Competition on Intellectual Property Law!

As many would know, his intellectual passion and incessant curiosity continues to inspire and motivate the thousands of lives that he touched. The essay competition continues in this spirit, aiming to foster a culture of relentless inquiry and growth, as well as to celebrate his memory and his legacy of outstanding scholarship. A master with the pen, Prof. Basheer was a prolific writer. Apart from publishing extensively in academic journals (most of the publications can be accessed on his SSRN page ), he was also the rare Indian academic who wrote extensively for law students and the lay audience, through various media such as SpicyIP and mainstream newspapers. A collection of all his publications and public interest interventions can be found on SpicyIP here (also accessible from our Resources page ) as well as on shamnad.com (a website dedicated to him).

In his time, Prof. Basheer won prizes in three prestigious essay competitions. The first was an essay competition held by the Stanford Technology Law Review. He won the second prize in that competition for a great piece on the ‘Policy Style’ Reasoning of the Indian Patent Office . The second essay competition that he won was held by the International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP) for young academics. Shamnad won the very first edition of that competition for his essay on Section 3(d) of the Patents Act. The third was an essay competition held by CREATe on the topic of how Artificial Intelligence would change the practice of intellectual property law. Prof. Basheer won the second prize in that competition for his essay titled ‘Artificial Invention: Mind the Machine’ .

We are thrilled to announce that we once again have a fantastic panel of judges for the Competition, and incidentally all three of them have not only been huge supporters of the blog for several years now, but we’ve also had the pleasure of them having published on the blog! Please see below for further details!

Submission Guidelines

The details of the competition are as follows:

Eligibility : The competition will be open to students currently enrolled in any LL.B. program (or its equivalent – meaning students enrolled in J.D. programs can take part) across the world, as well as to those who have completed their first law degree in 2022 or later.

Registration : There is no registration fee or registration process for the competition. You may e-mail us your essay whenever it is ready, within the deadline.

Co-authorship : Only single author submissions will be accepted for the essay competition. A submission cannot have two or more authors. Submissions with more than one author will not be considered.

AI Tools: Usage of AI tools to contribute to the text of the submitted essay is not permitted and will lead to the entry being disqualified.

Selection of Topic : The topic of the essay can be anything related to intellectual property rights – the more creative the better. We encourage participants to take inspiration from Prof. Basheer’s work , which has challenged the orthodoxy of conventional IP wisdom by looking at the subject through the lens of the global south and its development needs. Two values that guided him through the course of his academic writing, were the need for transparency and democratic participation, during the process of making the law and implementation. His commitment to transparency in enforcement of India’s patent law led him to suing the Patent Office on two occasions in order to secure our right to information. He was also playful in his writing, never afraid to think and communicate unconventionally. He brought rigour and substance to his non-conforming ways and we encourage you to bring the same spirit into your entries.

Word Limit: The word limit for submissions is 5,000 words (inclusive of footnotes).

Please submit the essays in a MS Word format, with 1.5 line spacing. Please do not submit essays in a PDF format.
We are not prescribing any specific format for footnoting. As long as it is consistent, it should not be a problem.

Deadline and Other Details :

All submissions must be original and unpublished.

If the entry is published elsewhere prior to the announcement of the results of this essay competition, it will not be considered.

The deadline for submissions is July 14, 2024 (23:59 IST).

Please e-mail all submissions and queries to submissions[at]spicyip[dot]com (only).

Please submit a covering letter stating:

the law school where you are enrolled as a student, along with your essay; or if you are a recent graduate, please mention the law school and year of graduation in the covering letter.
A disclaimer that you have not used AI tools to write any part of your essay.

Prizes for Winning Essays

Aside from getting published on the blog, the winning essays will receive the following additional prizes:

First prize : INR 25,000

Second prize: INR 15,000

Third prize: INR 10,000

Panel of Judges

The essays will be judged on the basis of the author’s creativity and analytical strength in articulating the arguments. Judges will also take into account entries that demonstrate the values Prof. Basheer displayed in his life and career. This does not mean you have to necessarily agree with everything he wrote. Judges reserve the right not to award the prize if it is considered that no entry is of sufficiently high standard or to divide the prize between two or more entries if they so decide. Judges’ decisions in this respect will be final. The SpicyIP team will shortlist essays to be submitted to an external panel of experts for the final decision.

This brings us to the fantastic panel of judges who have graciously agreed to judge the entries for this edition of the competition. This year the entries will be judged by a panel comprising Prof. (Dr.) Mrinalini Kochupillai, Mr. Murali Neelakantan, and Justice Gautam S. Patel (Retd.). We are grateful to them for sparing their time. Please see their brief profiles below:

Prof. (Dr.) Mrinalini Kochupillai

Prof. (Dr.) Mrinalini Kochupillai is the founder of SIRN and is a former guest professor and core scientist at the Artificial Intelligence for Earth Observation (AI4EO) Future Lab, Technical University of Munich. In a career spanning over 17 years in academia, Prof. Kochupillai has donned many hats including that of a senior research fellow with the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition (2014-2018), Program Director (2014-2017) and lecturer at the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center. A graduate from the National Law Institute University, Bhopal, in 2003, Prof. Kochupillai pursued an LL.M. in Intellectual Property, Commerce & Technology from the University of New Hampshire, School of Law in 2006. She completed her Ph.D. at the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich as a full scholar and fellow of the International Max Planck Research School for Competition and Innovation (2009-13). Prof. Kochupillai’s areas of interest range from business law, patents, plant variety protection, sustainable innovations in agriculture, and business ethics. Prof. Kochupillai’s team is an ERC Starting Grant Winner (2023) for developing a novel system in the ReSeed Project to create a transparent, decentralized and digital marketplace where farmers can share their seeds and valuable know-how with other farmers and researchers around the world.

Prof. Kochupillai has been associated with the blog since its early days, having been a regular blogger with the team in 2007-08 (see here ), and relatively more recently, she and her team partnered with the blog to power an open, public consultation on a position paper on Sustainable Seeds Innovations .

Mr Murali Neelakantan

Murali Neelakantan is the Principal Lawyer at amicus. He is a dual qualified lawyer (English solicitor and Indian advocate). His current area of research is healthcare policy. He worked with Cipla as global general counsel and with Khaitan & Co as senior partner. In London, he was a partner with Arnold & Porter, and later with Ashurst. Mr Neelakantan has been on the board of directors of Glenmark Pharmaceuticals and TTK Prestige Ltd. As an expert on competition and IP, Mr Neelakantan has authored several incisive op-eds, focusing on the healthcare system, including for BloombergQuint, NDTV Profit, The Hindu, The Wire, Indian Express, Moneycontrol, Scroll, etc.

A 1996 graduate of the National Law School of India University, Bangalore, Mr Neelakantan is also a co-editor for the book, “An Idea of a Law School- Ideas from The Law School”. His academic research has been published in the NLSIR, NLSBLR, Indian Public Policy Review and The Lancet Regional Health – South East Asia. He has been featured as an expert by numerous Indian and international media including Financial Times, British Medical Journal, as well as on numerous podcasts like the Firm, Shortcast over Coffee, and the Seen and the Unseen.

A long-time friend of Prof Basheer, IDIA and SpicyIP, Mr Neelakantan has regularly provided extremely useful advice and insights for us in many of our previous research endeavours, and has also co-authored a post on the issue of trademark protection on colours of medicines and medical devices.

Justice Gautam S. Patel

Justice G. S. Patel (Retd.) is known for being one of the finest IP judges the country has seen, with his orders and judgements being filled not only with judicial rigour, but also with scholarly, witty, and often humorous observations, captivating the minds of lawyers and laypeople alike. Some of the orders showcasing Justice Patel’s signature style include Go Holdings Pvt. Ltd. v. Interglobe Aviation Ltd. , Jagdish Kamath v. Lime and Chilli Hospitality Services , and Balaji Motion Pictures v. BSNL (see here for a list of 10 eloquent decisions by Justice Patel that depicted his creative and hard hitting writing style).

A graduate of St. Xavier’s College and Government Law College, Justice Patel started practice in 1987 in Mumbai, focusing on commercial, corporate, and civil litigation while also partaking in various environmental and pro bono litigations like those relating to the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Melghat National Park. He was a recipient of the First International Fellowship at Pacific Energy & Resources Center, Sausalito, California in environmental law in 1994-1995. Justice Patel was also a part time lecturer at the Government Law, Mumbai, prior to his elevation as a judge of the Bombay High Court in 2013, and taught administrative law, constitutional law, and environmental law. Justice Patel’s penmanship and witty observations extend even beyond his decisions and he has earlier contributed to Economic & Political Weekly, TimeOut Mumbai, the Mumbai Reader, etc.

Long time readers of the blog will also remember that Justice Patel authored an incisive and thought provoking post on SpicyIP, that incited a discussion on whether the nature of the content of a work has an impact on its protection under copyright. Justice Patel was rated as one of the top 50 IP personalities by Managing IP, in 2014-2015. A testament to his contributions to the Bench, Justice Patel is the first judge to receive a full court reference on his retirement from the Bombay High Court.

Once again, we thank the judges for their time. And we eagerly look forward to your submissions!

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Figures in shadow crossing a Chicago street, with the Trump International Hotel & Tower in the background.

Trump May Owe $100 Million From Double-Dip Tax Breaks, Audit Shows

A previously unknown focus of an I.R.S. audit is a dubious accounting maneuver that effectively meant taking the same write-offs twice on a Chicago skyscraper.

The I.R.S. believes that former President Donald J. Trump violated a law meant to prevent double-dipping on tax-reducing losses. Credit... Jamie Kelter Davis for The New York Times

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By Russ Buettner and Paul Kiel

This article was published in partnership with ProPublica. Russ Buettner of The New York Times has spent years reporting on the former president’s finances, including decades of his tax returns. Paul Kiel of ProPublica has reported on the I.R.S. and the ways the ultrawealthy avoid taxes since 2018.

Published May 11, 2024 Updated May 13, 2024

Former President Donald J. Trump used a dubious accounting maneuver to claim improper tax breaks from his troubled Chicago tower, according to an Internal Revenue Service inquiry uncovered by The New York Times and ProPublica. Losing a yearslong audit battle over the claim could mean a tax bill of more than $100 million.

Listen to this article, read by Eric Jason Martin

The 92-story, glass-sheathed skyscraper along the Chicago River is the tallest and, at least for now, the last major construction project by Mr. Trump. Through a combination of cost overruns and the bad luck of opening in the teeth of the Great Recession, it was also a vast money loser.

But when Mr. Trump sought to reap tax benefits from his losses, the I.R.S. has argued, he went too far and in effect wrote off the same losses twice.

The first write-off came on Mr. Trump’s tax return for 2008. With sales lagging far behind projections, he claimed that his investment in the condo-hotel tower met the tax code definition of “worthless,” because his debt on the project meant he would never see a profit. That move resulted in Mr. Trump reporting losses as high as $651 million for the year, The Times and ProPublica found.

There is no indication the I.R.S. challenged that initial claim, though that lack of scrutiny surprised tax experts consulted for this article. But in 2010, Mr. Trump and his tax advisers sought to extract further benefits from the Chicago project, executing a maneuver that would draw years of inquiry from the I.R.S. First, he shifted the company that owned the tower into a new partnership. Because he controlled both companies, it was like moving coins from one pocket to another. Then he used the shift as justification to declare $168 million in additional losses over the next decade.

The issues around Mr. Trump’s case were novel enough that, during his presidency, the I.R.S. undertook a high-level legal review before pursuing it. The Times and ProPublica, in consultation with tax experts, calculated that the revision sought by the I.R.S. would create a new tax bill of more than $100 million, plus interest and potential penalties.

Mr. Trump’s tax records have been a matter of intense speculation since the 2016 presidential campaign, when he defied decades of precedent and refused to release his returns, citing a long-running audit. A first, partial revelation of the substance of the audit came in 2020, when The Times reported that the I.R.S. was disputing a $72.9 million tax refund that Mr. Trump had claimed starting in 2010. That refund, which appeared to be based on Mr. Trump’s reporting of vast losses from his long-failing casinos, equaled every dollar of federal income tax he had paid during his first flush of television riches, from 2005 through 2008, plus interest.

Donald Trump stands outdoors, speaking at a podium emblazoned with “Trump International Hotel & Tower Chicago,” with his children Eric, Ivanka and Donald Jr. looking on.

The reporting by The Times and ProPublica about the Chicago tower reveals a second component of Mr. Trump’s quarrel with the I.R.S. This account was pieced together from a collection of public documents, including filings from the New York attorney general’s suit against Mr. Trump in 2022, a passing reference to the audit in a congressional report that same year and an obscure 2019 I.R.S. memorandum that explored the legitimacy of the accounting maneuver. The memorandum did not identify Mr. Trump, but the documents, along with tax records previously obtained by The Times and additional reporting, indicated that the former president was the focus of the inquiry.

It is unclear how the audit battle has progressed since December 2022, when it was mentioned in the congressional report. Audits often drag on for years, and taxpayers have a right to appeal the I.R.S.’s conclusions. The case would typically become public only if Mr. Trump chose to challenge a ruling in court.

In response to questions for this article, Mr. Trump’s son Eric, executive vice president of the Trump Organization, said: “This matter was settled years ago, only to be brought back to life once my father ran for office. We are confident in our position, which is supported by opinion letters from various tax experts, including the former general counsel of the I.R.S.”

An I.R.S. spokesman said federal law prohibited the agency from discussing private taxpayer information.

The outcome of Mr. Trump’s dispute could set a precedent for wealthy people seeking tax benefits from the laws governing partnerships. Those laws are notoriously complex, riddled with uncertainty and under constant assault by lawyers pushing boundaries for their clients. The I.R.S. has inadvertently further invited aggressive positions by rarely auditing partnership tax returns.

The audit represents yet another potential financial threat — albeit a more distant one — for Mr. Trump, the Republicans’ presumptive 2024 presidential nominee. In recent months, he has been ordered to pay $83.3 million in a defamation case and another $454 million in a civil fraud case brought by the New York attorney general, Letitia James. Mr. Trump has appealed both judgments. (He is also in the midst of a criminal trial in Manhattan, where he is accused of covering up a hush-money payment to a porn star in the weeks before the 2016 election.)

Beyond the two episodes under audit, reporting by The Times in recent years has found that, across his business career, Mr. Trump has often used what experts described as highly aggressive — and at times, legally suspect — accounting maneuvers to avoid paying taxes. To the six tax experts consulted for this article, Mr. Trump’s Chicago accounting maneuvers appeared to be questionable and unlikely to withstand scrutiny.

“I think he ripped off the tax system,” said Walter Schwidetzky , a law professor at the University of Baltimore and an expert on partnership taxation.

From ‘$1.2 Billion’ to ‘Worthless’

Mr. Trump struck a deal in 2001 to acquire land and a building that was then home to the Chicago Sun-Times newspaper. Two years later, after publicly toying with the idea of constructing the world’s tallest building there, he unveiled plans for a more modest tower, with 486 residences and 339 “hotel condominiums” that buyers could use for short stays and allow Mr. Trump’s company to rent out. He initially estimated that construction would last until 2007 and cost $650 million.

Mr. Trump placed the project at the center of the first season of “The Apprentice” in 2004 , offering the winner a top job there under his tutelage. “It’ll be a mind-boggling job to manage,” Mr. Trump said during the season finale. “When it’s finished in 2007, the Trump International Hotel and Tower, Chicago, could have a value of $1.2 billion and will raise the standards of architectural excellence throughout the world.”

As his cost estimates increased, Mr. Trump arranged to borrow as much as $770 million for the project — $640 million from Deutsche Bank and $130 million from Fortress Investment Group, a hedge fund and private equity company. He personally guaranteed $40 million of the Deutsche loan. Both Deutsche and Fortress then sold off pieces of the loans to other institutions, spreading the risk and potential gain.

Mr. Trump planned to sell enough of the 825 units to pay off his loans when they came due in May 2008. But when that date came, he had sold only 133. At that point, he projected that construction would not be completed until mid-2009, at a revised cost of $859 million.

He asked his lenders for a six-month extension. A briefing document prepared for the lenders, obtained by The Times and ProPublica, said Mr. Trump would contribute $89 million of his own money, $25 million more than his initial plan. The lenders agreed.

But sales did not pick up that summer, with the nation plunged into the financial crisis that would become the Great Recession. When Mr. Trump asked for another extension in September, his lenders refused.

Two months later, Mr. Trump defaulted on his loans and sued his lenders, characterizing the financial crisis as the kind of catastrophe, like a flood or hurricane, covered by the “force majeure” clause of his loan agreement with Deutsche Bank. That, he said, entitled him to an indefinite delay in repaying his loans. Mr. Trump went so far as to blame the bank and its peers for “creating the current financial crisis.” He demanded $3 billion in damages.

At the time, Mr. Trump had paid down his loans with $99 million in sales but still needed more money to complete construction. At some point that year, he concluded that his investment in the tower was worthless, at least as the term is defined in partnership tax law.

Mr. Trump’s worthlessness claim meant only that his stake in 401 Mezz Venture, the L.L.C. that held the tower, was without value because he expected that sales would never produce enough cash to pay off the mortgages, let alone turn a profit.

When he filed his 2008 tax return, he declared business losses of $697 million. Tax records do not fully show which businesses generated that figure. But working with tax experts, The Times and ProPublica calculated that the Chicago worthlessness deduction could have been as high as $651 million, the value of Mr. Trump’s stake in the partnership — about $94 million he had invested and the $557 million loan balance reported on his tax returns that year.

When business owners report losses greater than their income in any given year, they can retain the leftover negative amount as a credit to reduce their taxable income in future years. As it turned out, that tax-reducing power would be of increasing value to Mr. Trump. While many of his businesses continued to lose money, income from “The Apprentice” and licensing and endorsement agreements poured in: $33.3 million in 2009, $44.6 million in 2010 and $51.3 million in 2011.

Mr. Trump’s advisers girded for a potential audit of the worthlessness deduction from the moment they claimed it, according to the filings from the New York attorney general’s lawsuit. Starting in 2009 Mr. Trump’s team excluded the Chicago tower from the frothy annual “statements of financial condition” that Mr. Trump used to boast of his wealth, out of concern that assigning value to the building would conflict with its declared worthlessness, according to the attorney general’s filing. (Those omissions came even as Mr. Trump fraudulently inflated his net worth to qualify for low-interest loans, according to the ruling in the attorney general’s lawsuit.)

Mr. Trump had good reason to fear an audit of the deduction, according to the tax experts consulted for this article. They believe that Mr. Trump’s tax advisers pushed beyond what was defensible.

The worthlessness deduction serves as a way for a taxpayer to benefit from an expected total loss on an investment long before the final results are known. It occupies a fuzzy and counterintuitive slice of tax law. Three decades ago, a federal appeals court ruled that the judgment of a company’s worthlessness could be based in part on the opinion of its owner. After taking the deduction, the owner can keep the “worthless” company and its assets. Subsequent court decisions have only partly clarified the rules. Absent prescribed parameters, tax lawyers have been left to handicap the chances that a worthlessness deduction will withstand an I.R.S. challenge.

There are several categories, with a declining likelihood of success, of money taxpayers can claim to have lost.

The tax experts consulted for this article universally assigned the highest level of certainty to cash spent to acquire an asset. The roughly $94 million that Mr. Trump’s tax returns show he invested in Chicago fell into this category.

Some gave a lower, though still probable, chance of a taxpayer prevailing in declaring a loss based on loans that a lender agreed to forgive. That’s because forgiven debt generally must be declared as income, which can offset that portion of the worthlessness deduction in the same year. A large portion of Mr. Trump’s worthlessness deduction fell in this category, though he did not begin reporting forgiven debt income until two years later, a delay that would have further reduced his chances of prevailing in an audit.

The tax experts gave the weakest chance of surviving a challenge for a worthlessness deduction based on borrowed money for which the outcome was not clear. It reflects a doubly irrational claim — that the taxpayer deserves a tax benefit for losing someone else’s money even before the money has been lost, and that those anticipated future losses can be used to offset real income from other sources. Most of the debt included in Mr. Trump’s worthlessness deduction was based on that risky position.

Including that debt in the deduction was “just not right,” said Monte Jackel , a veteran of the I.R.S. and major accounting firms who often publishes analyses of partnership tax issues.

A Second Bite at the Apple

Mr. Trump continued to sell units at the Chicago Tower, but still below his costs. Had he done nothing, his 2008 worthlessness deduction would have prevented him from claiming that shortfall as losses again. But in 2010, his lawyers attempted an end-run by merging the entity through which he owned the Chicago tower into another partnership, DJT Holdings L.L.C. In the following years, they piled other businesses, including several of his golf courses, into DJT Holdings.

Those changes had no apparent business purpose. But Mr. Trump’s tax advisers took the position that pooling the Chicago tower’s finances with other businesses entitled him to declare even more tax-reducing losses from his Chicago investment.

His financial problems there continued. More than 100 of the hotel condominiums never sold. Sales of all units totaled only $727 million, far below Mr. Trump’s budgeted costs of $859 million. And some 70,000 square feet of retail space remained vacant because it had been designed without access to foot or vehicle traffic. From 2011 through 2020, Mr. Trump reported $168 million in additional losses from the project.

Those additional write-offs helped Mr. Trump avoid tax liability for his continuing entertainment riches, as well as his unpaid debt from the tower. Starting in 2010, his lenders agreed to forgive about $270 million of those debts. But he was able to delay declaring most of that income until 2014 and spread it out over five years of tax returns, thanks to a provision in the Obama administration’s stimulus bill responding to the Great Recession. In 2018, Mr. Trump reported positive income for the first time in 11 years. But his income tax bill still amounted to only $1.9 million, even as he reported a $25 million gain from the sale of his late father's assets.

It’s unclear when the I.R.S. began to question the 2010 merger transaction, but the conflict escalated during Mr. Trump’s presidency.

The I.R.S. explained its position in a Technical Advice Memorandum , released in 2019, that identified Mr. Trump only as “A.” Such memos, reserved for cases where the law is unclear, are rare and involve extensive review by senior I.R.S. lawyers. The agency produced only two other such memos that year.

The memos are required to be publicly released with the taxpayer’s information removed, and this one was more heavily redacted than usual. Some partnership specialists wrote papers exploring its meaning and importance to other taxpayers, but none identified taxpayer “A” as the then-sitting president of the United States. The Times and ProPublica matched the facts of the memo to information from Mr. Trump’s tax returns and elsewhere.

The 20-page document is dense with footnotes, calculations and references to various statutes, but the core of the I.R.S.’s position is that Mr. Trump’s 2010 merger violated a law meant to prevent double dipping on tax-reducing losses. If done properly, the merger would have accounted for the fact that Mr. Trump had already written off the full cost of the tower’s construction with his worthlessness deduction.

In the I.R.S. memo, Mr. Trump’s lawyers vigorously disagreed with the agency’s conclusions, saying he had followed the law.

If the I.R.S. prevails, Mr. Trump’s tax returns would look very different, especially those from 2011 to 2017. During those years, he reported $184 million in income from “The Apprentice” and agreements to license his name, along with $219 million from canceled debts. But he paid only $643,431 in income taxes thanks to huge losses on his businesses, including the Chicago tower. The revisions sought by the I.R.S. would require amending his tax returns to remove $146 million in losses and add as much as $218 million in income from condominium sales. That shift of up to $364 million could swing those years out of the red and well into positive territory, creating a tax bill that could easily exceed $100 million.

The only public sign of the Chicago audit came in December 2022, when a congressional Joint Committee on Taxation report on I.R.S. efforts to audit Mr. Trump made an unexplained reference to the section of tax law at issue in the Chicago case. It confirmed that the audit was still underway and could affect Mr. Trump’s tax returns from several years.

That the I.R.S. did not initiate an audit of the 2008 worthlessness deduction puzzled the experts in partnership taxation. Many assumed the understaffed I.R.S. simply had not realized what Mr. Trump had done until the deadline to investigate it had passed.

“I think the government recognized that they screwed up,” and then audited the merger transaction to make up for it, Mr. Jackel said.

The agency’s difficulty in keeping up with Mr. Trump’s maneuvers, experts said, showed that this gray area of tax law was too easy to exploit.

“Congress needs to radically change the rules for the worthlessness deduction,” Professor Schwidetzky said.

Susanne Craig contributed reporting.

Read by Eric Jason Martin

Narration produced by Anna Diamond and Krish Seenivasan

Engineered by Steven Szczesniak

Russ Buettner is an investigative reporter. Since 2016, his reporting has focused on the finances of Donald. J. Trump, including articles that revealed tax avoidance schemes evidenced on several decades of his tax returns. In 2019, he shared a Pulitzer Prize for work that revealed the vast inheritance Mr. Trump had received from his father. More about Russ Buettner

Essay on Independence Day (15 August) for Students and Children

500+ words essay on independence day.

One of the most memorable days in Indian history is 15th August. It’s the day on which the Indian sub-continent got independence after a long struggle. India only has three national festivals that are celebrated by the whole nation as one. One being the Independence Day (15th August) and the other two being Republic Day (26th January) and Gandhi Jayanti (2nd October). After independence, India became the largest democracy in the world. We fought very hard to get our independence from the Britishers. In this essay on Independence Day, we are going to discuss the history and importance of Independence Day.

History of Our Independence Day

For almost two centuries the Britishers ruled over us. And the citizen of the country suffered a lot due to these oppressors. British officials treat us like slaves until we manage to fight back against them.

We struggled for our independence but work tirelessly and selflessly under the guidance of our leaders Jawahar Lal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi , Chandra Shekhar Azad, and Bhagat Singh. Some of these leaders choose the path of violence while some choose non-violence. But the ultimate aim of these was to drive out the Britishers from the country. And on 15th August 1947, the long-awaited dream come true.

Why We Celebrate Independence Day?

To relive the moment and to enjoy the spirit of freedom and independence we celebrate Independence Day. Another reason is to remember the sacrifices and lives we have lost in this struggle. Besides, we celebrated it to remind us that this freedom that we enjoy is earned the hard way.

Apart from that, the celebration wakes up the patriot inside us. Along with celebration, the young generation is acquainted with the struggles of the people who lived at that time.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Activities on Independence Day

Although it’s a national holiday the people of the country celebrate it with great enthusiasm. Schools, offices, societies, and colleges celebrate this day by organizing various small and big events.

Every year at Red Fort the Prime Minister of India host the national flag. In the honor of the occasion, 21 gunshots are fired. This is the begging of the main event. This event is later on followed by an army parade.

The school and colleges organize cultural events, fancy dress competitions, speech, debate, and quiz competition.

Importance of Independence Day

Every Indian holds a different viewpoint about Indian Independence. For some, it’s a reminder of the long struggle while for youngsters it stands for the glory and honor of the country. Above all, we can see the feeling of patriotism across the country.

The Indian’s celebrate Independence Day with a feeling of nationalism and patriotism across the country. On this day every citizen echoes with festive feeling and pride in the diversity and unity of the people. It’s not only a celebration of Independence but also of the unity in diversity of the country.

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Essay on India

Essay on India in 150 words

Introduction :

Cultural Heritage

Historical Significance

Economic Growth

Contributions to the World

Unity in Diversity

Future Challenges and Opportunities

Conclusion :

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