computer architecture presentation topics

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Computer Organization and Architecture Tutorial

Basic Computer Instructions
What is Computer
Issues in Computer Design
Difference between assembly language and high level language
Addressing Modes
Difference between Memory based and Register based Addressing Modes
Computer Organization | Von Neumann architecture
Harvard Architecture
Interaction of a Program with Hardware
Simplified Instructional Computer (SIC)
Instruction Set used in simplified instructional Computer (SIC)
Instruction Set used in SIC/XE
RISC and CISC in Computer Organization
Vector processor classification
Essential Registers for Instruction Execution
Introduction of Single Accumulator based CPU organization
Introduction of Stack based CPU Organization
Machine Control Instructions in Microprocessor
Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) Architecture
Input and Output Systems
Computer Organization | Different Instruction Cycles
Machine Instructions
Computer Organization | Instruction Formats (Zero, One, Two and Three Address Instruction)
Difference between 2-address instruction and 1-address instructions
Difference between 3-address instruction and 0-address instruction
Register content and Flag status after Instructions
Debugging a machine level program
Vector Instruction Format in Vector Processors
Vector instruction types
Instruction Design and Format
Introduction of ALU and Data Path
Computer Arithmetic | Set - 1
Computer Arithmetic | Set - 2
Difference between 1's Complement representation and 2's Complement representation Technique
Restoring Division Algorithm For Unsigned Integer
Non-Restoring Division For Unsigned Integer
Computer Organization | Booth's Algorithm
How the negative numbers are stored in memory?
Microprogrammed Control
Computer Organization | Micro-Operation
Microarchitecture and Instruction Set Architecture
Types of Program Control Instructions
Difference between CALL and JUMP instructions
Computer Organization | Hardwired v/s Micro-programmed Control Unit
Implementation of Micro Instructions Sequencer
Performance of Computer in Computer Organization
Introduction of Control Unit and its Design
Computer Organization | Amdahl's law and its proof
Subroutine, Subroutine nesting and Stack memory
Different Types of RAM (Random Access Memory )
Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)
2D and 2.5D Memory organization

Input and Output Organization

Priority Interrupts | (S/W Polling and Daisy Chaining)
I/O Interface (Interrupt and DMA Mode)
Direct memory access with DMA controller 8257/8237
Computer Organization | Asynchronous input output synchronization
Programmable peripheral interface 8255
Synchronous Data Transfer in Computer Organization
Introduction of Input-Output Processor
MPU Communication in Computer Organization
Memory mapped I/O and Isolated I/O
Memory Organization
Introduction to memory and memory units
Memory Hierarchy Design and its Characteristics
Register Allocations in Code Generation
Cache Memory
Cache Organization | Set 1 (Introduction)
Multilevel Cache Organisation
Difference between RAM and ROM
What's difference between CPU Cache and TLB?
Introduction to Solid-State Drive (SSD)
Read and Write operations in Memory
Instruction Level Parallelism
Computer Organization and Architecture | Pipelining | Set 1 (Execution, Stages and Throughput)
Computer Organization and Architecture | Pipelining | Set 3 (Types and Stalling)
Computer Organization and Architecture | Pipelining | Set 2 (Dependencies and Data Hazard)
Last Minute Notes Computer Organization

COA GATE PYQ's AND COA Quiz

Computer Organization and Architecture
Digital Logic & Number representation
Number Representation
Microprocessor
GATE CS Preparation

Computer Organization and Architecture is used to design computer systems. Computer Architecture is considered to be those attributes of a system that are visible to the user like addressing techniques, instruction sets, and bits used for data, and have a direct impact on the logic execution of a program, It defines the system in an abstract manner, It deals with What does the system do.

Whereas, Computer Organization is the way in which a system has to structure and It is operational units and the interconnections between them that achieve the architectural specifications, It is the realization of the abstract model, and It deals with How to implement the system.

In this Computer Organization and Architecture Tutorial, you’ll learn all the basic to advanced concepts like pipelining, microprogrammed control, computer architecture, instruction design, and format.

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Advanced Topics in Computer Architecture

The department

This course aims to provide students with an introduction to a range of advanced topics in computer architecture. It will explore the current and future challenges facing the architects of modern computers. These will also be used to illustrate the many different influences and trade-offs involved in computer architecture.

On completion of this module students should:

understand the challenges of designing and verifying modern microprocessors
be familiar with recent research themes and emerging challenges
appreciate the complex trade-offs at the heart of computer architecture

Each seminar will focus on a different topic:

Trends in computer architecture
State-of-the-art microprocessor design
Memory system design
Hardware reliability
Specification, verification and test
Hardware security (2)
HW accelerators and accelerators for machine learning

Each two hour seminar will include three student presentations (15mins) questions (5mins) and a broader discussion of the topics (around 30mins). The last part of the seminar will include a short scene setting lecture (around 20mins) to introduce the following week's topic.

Each week students will compare and contrast two of the main papers and submit a written summary and review in advance of each seminar (except when presenting).

Students will be expected to give a number of 15 minute presentations.

Essays and presentations will be marked out of 10. After dropping the lowest mark, the remaining marks will be scaled to give a final score out of 100.

Students will give at least one presentation during the course. They will not be required to submit an essay during the weeks they are presenting.

Each presentation will focus on a single paper from the reading list. Marks will be awarded for clarity and the communication of the paper's key ideas, an analysis of the work's strengths and weaknesses and the work’s relationship to related work and broader trends and constraints.

Further Information

Due to COVID-19, the method of teaching for this module will be adjusted to cater for physical distancing and students who are working remotely. We will confirm precisely how the module will be taught closer to the start of term.

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CS301: Computer Architecture

Course introduction.

Time: 48 hours
Free Certificate

Course Syllabus

First, read the course syllabus. Then, enroll in the course by clicking "Enroll me". Click Unit 1 to read its introduction and learning outcomes. You will then see the learning materials and instructions on how to use them.

Unit 1: Introduction to Computer Technology

In this unit, we will discuss some of the advances in technology that led to the development of modern computers. We will begin our study with a look at the different components of a computer. We will then discuss the ways in which we measure hardware and software performance before discussing the importance of computing power and how it motivated the switch from a single-core to a multi-core processor.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 7 hours.

Unit 2: Instructions: Hardware Language

In order to understand computer architecture, you need to understand the components that comprise a computer and their interconnections. Sets of instructions, called programs, describe the computations that computers carry out. The instructions are strings of binary digits. When symbols are used for the binary strings, the instructions are called assembly language instructions. Components interpret the instructions and send signals to other components that cause the instruction to be carried out.

In this unit, you will build on your knowledge of programming from CS102: Introduction to Computer Science II to learn how to program with an assembly language. You will use the instructions of a real processor, MIPS, to understand the basics of hardware language. We will also discuss the different classes of instructions typically found in computers and compare the MIPS instructions to those found in other popular processors made by Intel and ARM.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 9 hours.

Unit 3: Fundamentals of Digital Logic Design

We will begin this unit with an overview of digital components, identifying the building blocks of digital logic. We will build on that foundation by writing truth tables and learning about more complicated sequential digital systems with memory. This unit serves as background information for the processor design techniques we learn in later units.

Unit 4: Computer Arithmetic

In this unit, you will build upon your knowledge of computer instructions and digital logic design to discuss the role of computer arithmetic in hardware design. We will also discuss the designs of adders, multipliers, and dividers. You will learn that there are two types of arithmetic operations performed by computers: integer and floating point. Finally, we will discuss floating point details for carrying out operations with real numbers.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 5 hours.

Unit 5: Designing a Processor

In this unit, we will discuss various components of MIPS processor architecture and then take a subset of MIPS instructions to create a simplified processor in order to better understand the steps in processor design. This unit will ask you to apply the information you learned in units 2, 3, and 4 to create a simple processor architecture. We will also discuss a technique known as pipelining, which is used to improve processor performance. We will also identify the issues that limit the performance gains that can be achieved from it.

In previous units, you learned about how computer memory stores information, in particular how numbers are represented in a computer memory word (typically, 32 or 64 bits); hardware elements that perform logic functions; the use of these elements to design larger hardware components that perform arithmetic computations, in particular addition and multiplication; and the use of these larger components to design additional components that perform subtraction and division. You also looked at machine language and assembly language instructions that provide control to hardware components in carrying out computations. In this unit, you will learn about how the larger components are used in designing a computer system.

Unit 6: The Memory Hierarchy

In prior units, you have studied elementary hardware components like combinational circuits and sequential circuits, functional hardware components like adders, arithmetic logical units, and data buses, and computational components like processors.

This unit will address the memory hierarchy of a computer and will identify different types of memory and how they interact with one another. This unit will look into a memory type known as cache and will discuss how caches improve computer performance. This unit will then discuss the main memory, DRAM (or the Dynamic Random Access Memory), and the associated concept of virtual memory. You will take a look at the common framework for memory hierarchy. The unit concludes with a review of the design of a cache hierarchy for an industrial microprocessor.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 6 hours.

Unit 7: Storage and I/O

In this unit, we will discuss the input/output devices that enable communication between computers and the outside world in some form. The reliability of these devices is important; we will accordingly discuss the related issues of dependability, availability, and reliability. You will also take a look at non-volatile storage mediums, such as disk and flash memory, before learning about mechanisms used to connect the computer to input/output devices. This unit will conclude by discussing disk system performance measures.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 3 hours.

Unit 8: Parallel Processing

This unit will address several advanced topics in computer architecture, focusing on the reasons for and the consequences of the recent switch from sequential processing to parallel processing by hardware producers. You will learn that parallel programming is not easy and that parallel processing imposes certain limitations in performance gains, as seen in the well-known Amdahl's law. You will also look into the concepts of shared memory multiprocessing and cluster processing as two common means of improving performance with parallelism. The unit will conclude with a look at some of the programming techniques used in the context of parallel machines.

Unit 9: Look Back and Look Ahead

This unit looks back at important concepts of computer architecture that were covered in this course and looks ahead at some additional topics of interest. Computer architecture is both a depth and breadth subject. It is an in depth subject that is of particular interest if you are interested in computer architecture for a professional researcher, designer, developer, tester, manager, manufacturer, etc. and you want to continue with additional study in advanced computer architecture. On the other hand, computer architecture is a rich source of ideas and understanding for other areas of computer science, giving you a broad and stronger foundation for the study of programming, computer languages, compilers, software architecture, domain specific computing (like scientific computing), and more.

In this unit, you will look back at some of the theoretical laws and analysis techniques that were introduced during the course. Looking ahead, you will be introduced to special purpose processors, application specific processing, high volume data storage, and network computing.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 1 hour.

Course Feedback Survey

Please take a few minutes to give us feedback about this course. We appreciate your feedback, whether you completed the whole course or even just a few resources. Your feedback will help us make our courses better, and we use your feedback each time we make updates to our courses.

If you come across any urgent problems, email [email protected].

Certificate Final Exam

Take this exam if you want to earn a free Course Completion Certificate.

To receive a free Course Completion Certificate, you will need to earn a grade of 70% or higher on this final exam. Your grade for the exam will be calculated as soon as you complete it. If you do not pass the exam on your first try, you can take it again as many times as you want, with a 7-day waiting period between each attempt.

Once you pass this final exam, you will be awarded a free Course Completion Certificate .

Topics in Computer Architecture, Fall 2015 (CS 780 / CS 680)

General information.

Time and Location: Tuesday/Thursday 3:30PM-4:50PM, Tucker Hall 222

Instructor: Adwait Jog (Personal Website)

Office hours: Tues/Thu 10:30AM-noon or by appointment, McGl 111

Email: [email protected]

Deadlines: Sep 4 (add/drop deadline) and Oct 23 (withdraw deadline)

Prerequisites

Students are expected to have a good understanding of the basic computer organization and design. Please talk to the instructor if you do not satisfy this requirement.

Course Description

This is a seminar-type graduate course, where we will discuss research papers on many different topics (e.g., cache or memory systems, scheduling, resource management, micro-architecture, emerging technologies/architectures) in the broad areas of computer architecture and systems. Students are expected to read a variety of papers, critique them, and present them in the front of the class. In addition, students are expected to complete a semester-long research project.

Grade Distribution

Paper critiques and homeworks: 20%

In-Class Presentations: 30%

Semester-long Research Project: 50%

Submissions

Critique and Homework Submissions via Email.

In-Class Presentations will be uploaded on the Box folder (shared with students).

Semester-long Research Project Report Submissions need to be emailed to the instructor.

Final Grade submission via Banner.

Paper Critiques and Homeworks

All students are required to submit a detailed critique for each paper we discuss in the class. However, the student who presents the paper in-class is not required to submit the critique for that particular paper. Deadline for critique submission is one week from when the paper is discussed completely in the class. Please submit them in the PDF format.

Submission Format: Each critique should not exceed one-page and must consists of four sections: 1) paper summary (2-3 lines), 2) strengths (2-3 lines), 3) weaknesses (2-3 lines), and 4) detailed comments (rest of the page). More details are already discussed in class and associated slides are submitted to the box folder (shared with students).

To learn the background material related to each new topic, some homeworks will also be given.

No collaboration is allowed on critiques and homeworks.

In-Class Presentations

Each student will present a maximum of two papers throughout the semester. If you plan to audit the course, you are required to present at least two papers. When you present a paper, be prepared to answer a variety of questions asked by the instructor or other fellow students. The goal is to make class lively. A list of papers will be provided to students. They can choose from that list or come up with their own suggestions. Suggestions would need approval from the instructor.

In-Class Paper Presentations: I expect students to first present necessary background (~15 minutes) and then paper details (~25 minutes). The remaining time will be for discussion driven by the fellow students and the instructor.

Semester-Long Research Project

Students are expected to perform a semester-long research project. All projects need to be approved by the instructor. Students can work in groups if they wish, but not more than 2 students are allowed to be in a single group. If two people choose to work on the same project, the instructor will need a list of individual contributions made by each of you two, when you submit your final report. Please contact the instructor early to brainstorm potential project ideas. Project Timeline

Phase 1 – Project Determination: (Deadline: Sept. 22) ; Please send an email to the instructor by the deadline containing: 1) Project Name (think of this as your paper/report title), 2) Problem Statement, 3) Expected Infrastructure Platform Required, 4) Possible Outcomes and Deliverables.

Phase 2 – Determination of (more) concrete project goals and Infrastructure Setup (Deadline: Oct 20) ; Please meet the instructor during office hours to discuss the status of your project.

Phase 3 – Motivation Results (Deadline: Nov 19) ; Please meet the instructor during office hours to discuss the status of your project.

Phase 4 – Final Project Report (Deadline: Dec 11) ; Please email your final project report in PDF format. Please use the standard LaTeX or Word ACM templates . The PDF should have these sections: 1) Problem Statement, 2) Introduction, 3) Background and Related Work, 4) Motivation Results, 5) Implementation Details, 6) Infrastructure Details, 7) Final Results, and 8) Conclusions.

Areas for In-class Presentations and Projects

Core Design

Memory Systems

Near-Data Computing

Accelerators

Approximate Computing

Emerging Memory/Storage Technologies

Mobile Architectures

Data Center Architectures

Hardware Security

Reliability and Dependable Systems

Emerging Architectures: Quantum and DNA Architectures

Only for In-Class Presentations: Ideally, the instructor wants every student to choose a different topic for in-class presentations. To achieve this, the instructor asks for three topic preferences (in order) from every student. Deadline to give preferences (via email) is Sept 22

Only for Project: Students are free to choose any project topic area(s). Their project can also cross different topics. Again, please contact the instructor early to brainstorm potential project ideas. Deadline to determine project topic area is also Sept 22

Reading List and Other Resources

Complete Reading List can be found here (Google Doc Link) . Useful Simulators/Tools

GEM5 , A Full System CPU Simulator

MARSSx86 , A Full System CPU Simulator

McPAT , A power, area, and timing modeling framework

Sniper , A Parallel/Fast CPU Simulator

zsim , Another Fast CPU Simulator

GPGPU-Sim , A GPU Simulator (models NVIDIA-style GPUs). Also, look at GPU-Wattch , A GPU Power Model

Multi2sim , A CPU/GPU Simulator (models AMD-style GPUs)

CPU-GPU Simulator , A Trace/Execution Driven CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Architecture Simulator

GemDroid , A Mobile Architecture Simulator (GEM5 + Android Emulator)

Semester Schedule

P1 : MorphCore: An Energy-Efficient Micro-architecture for High Performance ILP and High Throughput TLP, MICRO 2012

P2 : Memory Performance Attacks, USENIX Security 2007

P3 : PIM-Enabled Instructions: A Low-Overhead, Locality-Aware Processing-in-Memory Architecture, ISCA 2015

P4 : Scheduling Heterogeneous Multi-Cores through Performance Impact Estimation (PIE), ISCA 2012

P5 : A Locality-Aware Memory Hierarchy for Energy-Efficient GPU Architectures, MICRO 2013

P6 : Paragon: QoS-Aware Scheduling for Heterogeneous Datacenters, ASPLOS 2013

P7 : WebCore: Architectural Support for Mobile Web Browsing, ISCA 2014

P8 : A Study of Mobile Device Utilization, ISPASS 2015

P9 : CloudMonatt: an architecture for security health monitoring and attestation of virtual machines in cloud computing, ISCA 2015

P10 An Experimental Study of Data Retention Behavior in Modern DRAM Devices: Implications for Retention Time Profiling Mechanisms, ISCA 2013

P11 Neural Acceleration for General-Purpose Approximate Programs, MICRO 2012

P12 Composite Cores: Pushing Heterogeneity into a Core, MICRO 2012

P13 ATLAS: A Scalable and High-Performance Scheduling Algorithm for Multiple Memory Controllers, HPCA 2010

P14 RowClone: Fast and Energy-Efficient In-DRAM Bulk Data Copy and Initialization, MICRO 2013

P15 Exploiting ILP, TLP, and DLP with the Polymorphous TRIPS Architecture, ISCA 2003

P16 Page Placement Strategies for GPUs within Heterogeneous Memory Systems, ASPLOS 2015

P17 Quasar: Resource-Efficient and QoS-Aware Cluster Management, ASPLOS 2014

P18 High-Performance and Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Browsing on Big/Little Systems, HPCA 2013

P19 Quantifying the Energy Cost of Data Movement for Emerging Smart Phone Workloads on Mobile Platforms, IISWC 2014

P20 Efficient Memory Integrity Verification and Encryption for Secure Processors, MICRO 2003

P21 The Efficacy of Error Mitigation Techniques for DRAM Retention Failures: A Comparative Experimental Study, SIGMETRICS 2014

P22 SAGE: Self-Tuning Approximation on Graphics Engines, MICRO 2013

Academic Accommodations

It is the policy of The College of William and Mary to accommodate students with disabilities and qualifying diagnosed conditions in accordance with federal and state laws. Any student who feels s/he may need an accommodation based on the impact of a learning, psychiatric, physical, or chronic health diagnosis should contact Student Accessibility Services staff at 757-221-2509 or at [email protected] to determine if accommodations are warranted and to obtain an official letter of accommodation. For more information, please click here .

Students are required to follow the Honor System of the College of William and Mary.

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Computer Organization And Architecture

Coa tutorial.

The computer organization and architecture ( COA ) is one of the most important and comprehensive subject that includes many foundational concepts and knowledge used in the design of a computer system.

The COA also continues to be the most important part of the syllabus for computer science courses across all universities and also for various competitive examinations.

This tutorial is specially designed for absolute beginners to study all the relevant topics related to computer organization and architecture .

The COA important topics include all the fundamental concepts such as computer system functional units , processor micro architecture , program instructions, instruction formats , addressing modes , instruction pipelining, memory organization , instruction cycle , interrupts, instruction set architecture ( ISA ) and other important related topics.

Let us first start with simple introduction to the computer architecture.

COA Table Of Contents

Introduction To COA .

What Is Computer Architecture ?

What is computer organization .

Computer Architecture Block Diagram ?
Computer System Functional Units.
Computer Input Unit.
Computer Output Unit.
Central Processing Unit ( CPU ).
Control Unit ( CU ).
Arithmetic Logic Unit ( ALU ).
Memory Unit ( MU ).
CPU Registers.
Computer Hardware.
Computer Software.
Application Software.
System Software.
Memory Organization.
Instruction Cycle.
Instruction Pipelining.
Instruction Set Architecture ( ISA ).
Instruction Format.
Instruction Addressing Modes.
Interrupts.
Interrupt Types.
Computer Bus System.
Binary Number System.

In order to understand the term computer architecture , let us first discuss what is an architecture. The term architecture can be defined as an art and science of designing an object.

We generally relate the term architecture with the building because the building is one of the most common object in the human world. The architecture helps us to define the functional , physical and the performance standards for any object.

Every object in the real world is based on some architecture. For example an architect will define the building in terms of building drawings and specifications for various building components.

Similarly , the system architecture defines various functional units of the computer system and how these units are interconnected and performance standards. It defines the system performance specifications and what system should achieve in terms of performance.

What Is Computer Architecture , Computer Architecture

In simple words , the computer architecture is all about computer system design details expressed in terms of functional units and interconnection between these units.

The computer architecture helps us define the functional capabilities and the requirements for the computer system. The system architecture is a high level design specification that does not specify any specify details of the hardware components.

The computer architecture gives an abstracted view of the structure of various functional units and its behaviour.

In order to build a computer system , the first step is to design and develop the system architecture. The next step in the system design process is to finalize the computer organization details.

Let us first understand the meaning of term organization in the context of computers. The term organization is defined as arranging , classifying things together logically to maximize the functional convenience.

The computer organization is based on the computer architecture. The computer organization implements the system architecture.

In simple words , the computer organization is all about organizing various system hardware components and how these components are interconnected.

The computer organization describe the details of the various hardware components related to the various functional units present in the system.

The computer organization deals with the arrangement of various system hardware components and the function performed by the components.

The computer organization defines the existence of various functional units and its components . It also defines the interaction between various functional component.

The computer organization defines the structure and behaviour of the digital computers. The main objective of the computer organization is to understand the various computer hardware components and the interaction between these components.

Difference Between Computer Architecture And Computer Organization

In general the terms “computer organization” and “computer architecture” are often used interchangeably. However, they can be distinguished by the following characteristics:

Computer Architecture

Computer architecture refers to the design and organization of computer systems, including their components and how they interact with each other. It encompasses both the hardware and software aspects of a computer system. Computer architecture defines the structure, functionality, and behavior ( Performance Standard ) of a computer system, enabling the execution of programs and the processing of data.

Computer architecture can be classified into different types. For example, von Neumann architecture, which is based on the concept of a stored-program computer, and more specialized architectures like Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) or Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC).

It also encompasses concepts like instruction pipelining, memory hierarchy, and multiprocessing, which further enhance system performance and functionality.

Computer architecture is concerned with the broader design principles and conceptual structure of a computer system. It encompassing both hardware and software aspects to achieve the desired level of system performance.

2. Level of Abstraction

It deals with a higher level of abstraction compared to computer organization. It focuses on the organization and behavior of the system in terms of system performance as seen by software developers and how it supports the execution of programs.

3. Instruction Set Design

Computer architecture defines the instruction set architecture (ISA), which specifies the set of instructions, addressing modes, and data types that a computer system supports.

4. Performance Evaluation

It involves evaluating and comparing different architectural designs based on performance metrics like execution time, throughput, and energy efficiency.

5. Examples

Examples of topics studied in computer architecture include instruction set design, pipelining, memory hierarchy, parallel processing, virtual memory, and overall system performance.

Computer Organization

Computer organization deals with the physical and implementation details of a computer system , focusing on the hardware components and their interconnections. On the other hand, computer architecture focuses on the conceptual design and structure of the system, considering both hardware and software aspects. It aims to optimize system performance and functionality.

Computer organization primarily concerns itself with the physical aspects of a computer system and how the hardware components are interconnected and operate together.

2. Level of Detail

It deals with the low-level details of a computer system, such as the design and organization of individual hardware components, circuits, and logic gates.

3. Implementation

Computer organization is concerned with the implementation details of a computer system architecture, including the design of registers, buses, memory systems, and Input and Output interfaces.

4. Performance Optimization

It aims to optimize the performance of the computer system by considering factors like clock speed, latency, bandwidth, and hardware-level optimizations.

Examples of topics studied in computer organization include CPU design, memory systems, cache hierarchies, bus protocols, and I/O subsystems.

Computer System Functional Units

In computer organization and architecture , the computer system can be classified into number of functional units. This classification is based on the specific function performed in the computer system.

The basic functional units ( operational Units ) of a computer system include following units.

1. Input Unit.
2. Central Processing Unit ( CPU ).
3. Control Unit ( CU ).
4. Arithmetic And Logic Unit ( ALU ).
5. Output Unit.

Computer System Block Diagram, Computer Functional Units

Computer System Input Unit

The main function of the input unit is to provide the data that will be operated by the CPU as per the program instructions.

The most commonly used input devices for any general purpose computer system include keyboard and mouse. However , computer can also accept the input from other input devices such as camera , scanner and mike.

The computer system can accept the input from number of input devices such as keyboard , scanner , camera , mouse or any other input devices connected to the computer system.

Input Devices

Output Unit

Computer system output unit.

The main function of the output unit is to present the data to the user that is processed by the CPU as per the program instructions.

The most commonly used output devices for any general purpose computer system include display monitor , speaker and printer. However , computer can also send the output to other output devices such as projector, speaker and disk memory.

The computer system can send the output to number of output devices such as display monitor , printer , projector , speaker or any other output devices connected to the computer system.

Output Devices

Micro-processor

Central processing unit ( cpu ).

The central processing unit ( CPU ) is said to be the brain of the computer system. It is the CPU that provides the processing power to the computer.

The CPU internally consist of three important units. These three units are control unit , Arithmetic And Logic Unit and memory unit. These three units together are referred as CPU.

The main function of the CPU is to execute the computer program. The CPU executes the program by fetching program instruction one by one from the main memory ( RAM ).

The control unit of the CPU decodes these instructions and performs the desired arithmetic and logical operations.

The CPU executes the program instruction by repetitively performing the instruction cycle . The Instruction cycle consist of four steps that include Fetch , Decode , Execute And Store.

What Is Central Processing Unit ?

Control Unit

Computer system control unit ( cu ).

The control unit ( CU ) is an important component of the central processing unit. The control unit of the CPU is responsible to control the working of all the hardware components connected to the system.

In other words , the main function of the control unit is to direct the various operations performed by the computer system. The control units transmit the control signals that directs the hardware components to perform specific operations.

The control unit of the CPU is also responsible to decode the program instructions fetched from the memory. The CU decodes the program instruction as per the instruction format.

The CU after the decode operation directs the arithmetic and logic unit ( ALU ) of the CPU to perform the desired operation as per the Instruction Set Architecture ( ISA ) of the CPU.

What Is Control Unit ?

CPU Control Unit

Arithmetic And Logic Unit

Computer system arithmetic and logic unit ( alu ).

The arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) is the mathematical brain of the computer placed inside the processor chip ( Central Processing Unit ).

The ALU essentially performs all the arithmetic and the logic operations performed by the CPU. It is the ALU that actually operates on the data.

The CPU initiates the program execution by fetching the program instructions from the main memory ( RAM ) . The control unit of the CPU decodes the instruction and directs the ALU to perform the desired operation on the data.

The ALU is an essential fundamental component of many digital computing circuits and also for all central processing unit CPU.

In order to operate on the data , the ALU perform three types of operations. The ALU operations include arithmetic , logical and shift operations.

What Is Arithmetic Logic Unit ( ALU ) ?

Memory Unit

Computer system memory unit ( mu ).

The main function of the memory unit is to store the data. The computer system memory unit consist of different types of memory.

The computer system memory can be grouped into two basic types that is primary and secondary memory.

The primary memory ( main memory RAM ) is called temporary or volatile memory. The secondary memory ( disk memory) is called permanent or non-volatile memory.

Different types of memory used in a computer system are organized in a hierarchical order in order to optimize the system performance.

The CPU executes the program instructions at very high speed. Whereas the data transfer from the main memory RAM to the CPU is relatively slow.

And therefore , high speed cache memory is placed between the CPU and main memory RAM. The CPU stores the frequently used data into the cache memory that can be accessed at high speed as compared to the RAM.

The CPU also makes use of another very high speed memory called CPU registers built right inside the processor chip.

The processor micro-architecture consist of number of very high speed internal memory inside the CPU called registers .

The processor internally use different types of registers at different stages of the instruction cycle during the program execution.

Computer Memory Unit

CPU Registers

In processor micro architecture, the CPU registers are vary high speed memory placed inside the processor chip. In memory hierarchy , the register is the smallest in size but has the highest data access speed.

Depending upon the processor architecture , the CPU can have number of registers. The registers are used by the CPU during the execution of program instructions.

The registers plays an important role during the execution of instruction cycle performed by the CPU.

CPU Registers Example

Intel 8085 architecture registers.

8085 Architecture General Purpose Registers

The registers are high speed temporary memory area built into the processor chip. The registers are integral part of every processor internal memory unit.

The registers provide very high data access speed that is much faster than the cache memory. And therefore , the registers are used by the processor as temporary memory during the program execution.

What Are CPU Registers ?

Intel 8085 Registers

Computer Hardware

In computer architecture , the computer hardware are the physical components either connected inside the computer cabinet or connected externally.

The main function of the hardware components is execute the operation as directed by the CPU. The hardware system components can be electronic , electrical or mechanical components.

The computer hardware components can be electronic components such as motherboard , processor , display monitor , storage disk and main memory RAM.

The computer hardware components can also be electrical components such as power supply unit SMPS and electrical wires used to supply electric supply.

The hardware components also include mechanical parts such as computer cabinet where internal system components are assembled and interconnected.

The hardware components are driven by a system software called device driver . The operating system communicates with hardware through device driver.

What Is Computer Hardware ?

Computer Software

The computer software and hardware are two essential components of the computer system.

The software is designed to direct the computer to perform specific operations. Whereas , the computer hardware actually executes the program instructions to perform the desired operation.

A software is simply a computer program or a group of programs created for the purpose of providing a specific service. A software can be written in any programming language such as C language , Java , Python or any other language.

For example , we use MS word for creating documents , web browsers for browsing the internet , media players for watching video contents and so on.

In computer architecture , the computer system essentially make use of two types of software. The first type of software is called an application software and the second type is called a system software.

What Is Computer Software ?

Application Software

In computer architecture , the application software is designed and developed to allow the system user to perform various tasks on the computer.

The application software provides an interface to the user to use the computer for various applications. The user can install various application software on computer as per the user requirements.

For example , we use accounting software to perform accounting work . Similarly , each application software has specific purpose to provide service to the user.

What Is Application Software ?

System Software

In computer architecture , the system software works as an interface between the operating system and the hardware components.

The operating system communicates with hardware component through a special software called a device driver . The computer system also needs other system software essential to perform some important functions.

The system software is used by the computer itself to communicate and control various hardware components connected to the computer.

The operating system is also a type of system software that is essential for every computer system . The operating system handles all the crucial functions and the system resources.

What Is System Software ?

Computer Memory Organization

The memory unit is another important functional unit present in the computer organization and architecture. The computer memory is a finite resource that is managed by the operating system ( OS ).

The computer memory is used to store the data and the program instructions. In computer system , the random access memory ( RAM ) is considered to be the primary memory ( main memory ).

The primary memory RAM is a temporary ( volatile ) memory and the secondary disk memory is referred as permanent ( non-volatile ) memory.

Memory Organization , Computer Organization And Architecture

In computer architecture , the memory is divided into large number of memory cells ( block ). The computer memory is linear and organized as series of group of bits ( 8 Bits = 1 Byte ) called byte .

A single block of memory consist of eight bits ( 8 Bits ) that is equal to one byte ( 1 Byte ). Each byte in the computer memory represents a unique memory location with unique memory address .

The computer memory is also organized as word addressable memory. In computer organization, the term word is defined as group bits ( 8 Bits , 16 Bits , 32 Bits ) that can be transferred simultaneously between the CPU and main memory RAM.

The word size in memory organization defined the number of bits that can be processed together in a single CPU operation.

Instruction Cycle

The main function of the central processing unit ( CPU ) is to execute the program. The computer program consist of number of instructions . These instructions direct the computer to perform the desired operations.

In order to execute the program , the operating system allocates the necessary resources. The operating system loads the program instructions along with associated data into the main memory RAM.

The CPU initiates the program execution by fetching the data and instructions from the main memory RAM. The CPU execution mechanism is called instruction cycle.

The instruction cycle is the basic operation of the CPU which essentially consist of which essentially consist of sequence of three operations. These three operations include fetch , decode and execute .

The CPU repetitively performs the instruction cycle to perform various operations as per the program instructions. The instruction cycle internally consist of another CPU operation called machine cycle .

The CPU operations and the instruction cycle is synchronized by the stream of clock signals. The clock signals are generated by the timing and control signal generator of the control unit .

CPU Instruction Cycle

Instruction Pipelining

Instruction Pipeline Architecture

The processor chip manufacturing companies have to constantly innovate the new technology and the microprocessor design in order to improve the processor performance.

In computer architecture, the instruction pipelining is a technique used that helps to utilize the processing power of the CPU. The instruction pipelining aims to significantly improve the CPU performance.

The computer program consist of multiple instructions. The CPU repetitively performs the instruction cycle to execute the program instructions.

The instruction cycle is executed in four stages or operations . These four operations are fetch , decode , execute and store. Each stage is designed to perform a certain part of the instruction cycle .

The instruction pipelining technique allows the processor to concurrently execute different stages of the instruction cycle for multiple instructions.

Instruction Non-Pipeline Architecture

The pipelined concurrent execution of the instructions allows the processor to simultaneously initiate the execution of multiple instructions.

In simpler CPUs, the instruction cycle is executed sequentially. The CPU executes each instruction one by one. Such sequential execution is referred as non-pipelined architecture.

However , In most modern processors use the pipelining technology which allows the CPU to simultaneously execute more number of instructions.

In instruction pipelined architecture , the next instruction processing starts even before the previous instruction has finished. This results into improved CPU performance.

Instruction Set Architecture ( ISA )

In computer organization and architecture , the instruction set architecture ( ISA ) is defined as a set of binary commands supported by the processor chip.

Each processor chip design is based on the specific Instruction set architecture ( ISA ). The ISA merely defines the set of operations that must be supported by the CPU that implements a specific ISA.

The ISA does not specify the details of its implementation inside the processor chip. Rather , the ISA only specify the capability of the processor in terms of binary operations performed by the processor.

For example , you will find many processor that implement x86 ISA . However , each processor can have different ISA implementation despite being based on the same x86 architecture.

The instruction set architecture ( ISA ) also defines the maximum length of the program statement. And therefore , the implementation of the ISA, the statement length is restricted within maximum permissible limit.

Similarly , the ISA also defines the instruction format for different types of instructions. The instruction format defines how the entire instruction is encoded within the specified instruction format.

The processor micro-architecture is referred to the actual implementation of the ISA into the processor chip. The micro-architecture defines the performance and the efficiency of the processor design.

Instruction Format

The CPU is responsible to execute the program. However, the CPU can decode and execute only machine instructions in the binary format.

And therefore , all computer programs written in any high level programming language must be first converted machine instruction .

During the program compilation stage, the compiler converts the high level program instructions into low level standard machine instructions in a specific format. This standard machine instruction format is defined as “ Instruction Format ”.

Instruction Format, Program Instruction Format , Instruction Cycle, Computer Organization And Architecture

These machine instructions can be directly decoded and executed by the processor. The instruction format defines the pattern of bits that consist of three parts.

Each part of the instruction format directs the CPU while decoding the program instructions. The instruction format consist of addressing mode , operation code ( OPCODE ) and the data ( OPERAND ).

The addressing mode helps to decode location of the data , the OPCODE specify the operation to be performed and the OPERAND specify the integer data value.

What Is Instruction Format ?

Addressing Modes

Instruction Format Addressing Modes

In simple words , the addressing mode is the field ( single bit ) in the instruction format that directs the processor regarding how to locate the data that is to be operated by the CPU.

The addressing mode is represented by a single bit in the instruction format. It provides the information about the operand whether it contains either the data or address of the data.

In microprocessor architecture, the instruction format is a standard machine instruction format that CPU can decode and execute.

Depending upon the instruction type , the pattern of bits in the machine instruction format consist of three parts.

The first part indicates the addressing mode , the second part OPCODE specifies the operation to be performed and the third part OPERAND either data or address of the data.

the addressing mode for the machine instruction specifies the rules for the CPU while operating on the OPERAND .

The addressing mode part of the machine instruction format allows to specify whether the OPERAND value is a direct data Or It is an indirect referencing.

Instruction Addressing Modes, Instruction Format

If the addressing mode specified is indirect then the OPERAND contains a memory address that points to the actual data. However , If the addressing mode specified is direct then the OPERAND contains the actual data .

The machine code instruction format can use different types of addressing mode depending upon the type of the instruction and the processor architecture.

Interrupts In COA

Hardware and software interrupts.

In computer architecture , the interrupts are defined as signals ( service call ) sent to the processor either by the hardware components or by the software to seek the processor response.

The interrupt signals generated by the hardware is called as hardware interrupt . Whereas, the interrupt signals generated by the program is called as software interrupt ( also called as traps ).

The interrupt events or signals are called interrupt because these events prompts the processor to pause the normal execution of the CPU instruction cycle and respond to the interrupt signal.

Interrupts In Computer Organization And Architecture

The processor response to the interrupt signals depends upon the priority and the type of interrupt.

The processor responds to an interrupt by pausing the current process execution and an interrupt service routine ISR ( also called as an interrupt handler ) is executed by the processor.

After executing the ISR, the processor then resumes its previous process after the service routine ( interrupt handler ) is executed in response to an interrupt signal.

What Are Interrupts ?

Computer Bus

Computer Bus Architecture

In computer system architecture , the computer buses are defined as the wired connections that connect the CPU and various hardware components.

The computer buses are group of wires running across the computer system. The computer buses transfer data , control signals and memory address.

In order to execute the program , the CPU needs to communicate with main memory RAM and other hardware components. The computer system makes use of three types of buses which include data bus , control bus and address bus .

Computer Bus Architecture In COA , Computer Organization And Architecture

The CPU continuously perform the memory read and write operations. The data transfer take place using the data bus. The CPU also transmits control signals through control bus .

Similarly , the CPU communicates with the memory controller and the main memory ram using the address bus. The address bus is used to transfer the memory address required for memory read and write operations.

Binary Number System

In simple words , the number system is a system of counting. There are many number systems exist in mathematics. We are all familiar with decimal number that we use in our everyday life.

However , the computer and other digital devices do not understand the decimal number system. Rather , the computers can understand and execute only machine instructions in binary .

In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number system that uses only two numbers ( either zero 0 OR one 1 ) to represents any number.

Binary Number System , computer organization And Architecture

A computer system is a digital device. The micro processor ( CPU ) inside the computer functions as a system’s brain. The processor internally consist of millions of tiny components called transistor .

These transistors can be programmed to function like a micro switch that can be switched on or off . And therefore , the processor can execute commands represented only two states ( on or off ).

These two states can be easily represented in the binary. The binary commands use only two digits that is 0 ( zero ) and 1 ( one ).

Why Computer Use Binary Number System ?

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Academics / Courses / Descriptions COMP_ENG 456: Modern Topics in Computer Architecture

Prerequisites, description.

This course examines fundamental issues and design trade-offs in modern processor architectures. We will discuss some of the constraints that limit the design and programmability of modern processors, and promising techniques to mitigate these constraints. As such, we will draw material from seminal and recent publications in top computer architecture conferences and journals. By exposing the students to state-of-the-art research, the course serves as an entry point to further research in computer architecture. The course will cover a sample of research across a wide spectrum of topics from emerging architectures, including quantum computing, neuromorphic computing, space-time computing, silicon photonics in computer architectures, and advanced techniques in more traditional topics, including memory systems and advanced cache designs, memory consistency models and operational semantics, programmability (e.g., transactional memory, deterministic programming, speculative multithreading), on-chip interconnects, power/thermal management, reliability, and fault tolerance. The exact collection of topics varies across offerings, as the field itself evolves rapidly. The course has a seminar format, and the students are expected to lead multiple presentations throughout the quarter. The course requires the completion of a project in computer architecture. The project component of the course is open-ended, and students are encouraged to draw on their own research interests and prior background for inspiration.

REQUIRED TEXT: None; we'll draw material from seminal and recent publications in top conferences, as well as chapters from the Synthesis Lectures on Computer Architecture by Morgan & Claypool.

COURSE COORDINATOR: Prof. Nikos Hardavellas

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course aims to offer a firm background for research in computer architecture. The students that successfully complete the course will be exposed to a variety of cutting-edge research topics, be able to read and critique research publications in computer architecture, perform conference-quality paper reviews, perform research presentations, write research reports, and gain familiarity with state-of-the-art tools for research in computer architecture. Along with providing technical knowledge, the course also aims to develop the student's ethos as researchers and research referees, and sharpen the students team-participation skills.

GRADES: Grades are based on class presentations, project, homework assignments (if any), and class participation.

EXAMS: There are no exams in this course.

ABET CONTENT: 100% Engineering

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Computer Laboratory
Courses 2021–22

Advanced Topics in Computer Architecture

Department of Computer Science and Technology

Course pages 2021–22

Advanced Graphics and Image Processing
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Course materials

Principal lecturers: Dr Robert Mullins , Prof Simon Moore , Prof Timothy Jones Taken by: MPhil ACS , Part III Code: R265 Term: Michaelmas Hours: 16 (8 x 2-hour sessions) Class limit: max. 15 students Prerequisites: An undergraduate course in computer architecture. A good basic understanding of computer architecture will also suffice, e.g. provided by the Patterson and Hennessy book “The Hardware/Software Interface” and/or the early chapters of their book “Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach”. timetable

On completion of this module students should:

understand the challenges of designing and verifying modern microprocessors
be familiar with recent research themes and emerging challenges
appreciate the complex trade-offs at the heart of computer architecture

Each seminar will focus on a different topic. The proposed topics are listed below but there may be some minor changes to this:

Trends in computer architecture
State-of-the-art microprocessor design
Memory system design
Hardware reliability
Specification, verification and test
Hardware security (2)
HW accelerators and accelerators for machine learning

Each week students will compare and contrast two of the main papers and submit a written summary and review in advance of each seminar (except when presenting).

Students will be expected to give a number of 15 minute presentations.

Essays and presentations will be marked out of 10. After dropping the lowest mark, the remaining marks will be scaled to give a final score out of 100.

Students will give at least one presentation during the course. They will not be required to submit an essay during the weeks they are presenting.

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151+ Computer Presentation Topics [Updated 2024]

For both professionals and fans, keeping up with the most recent developments and trends in the rapidly evolving field of technology is essential. One effective way to share and acquire knowledge is through computer presentations.

Whether you are a seasoned presenter or someone looking to enhance your tech presentation skills, choosing the right topics is key to delivering a compelling and informative session.

In this blog, we’ll explore various computer presentation topics, their relevance, and provide insights into tailoring presentations for different audiences and occasions.

How do you Tailor Topics According to Audience and Occasion?

Table of Contents

Tailoring topics according to the audience and occasion is a crucial aspect of delivering an effective and engaging presentation. Here are some strategies and considerations to help you customize your computer presentation topics based on your audience and the specific occasion:

Know Your Audience
Assess Knowledge Levels: Understand the expertise of your audience. Are they beginners, intermediate users, or experts in the field? This assessment will guide you in selecting the appropriate depth and complexity of your topics.
Consider Backgrounds: Take into account the professional backgrounds, interests, and industries of your audience. Tailor your examples and case studies to resonate with their experiences.
Identify Audience Needs and Goals:
Address Pain Points: If possible, research or survey your audience to identify their challenges and pain points. Tailor your presentation to address these concerns, providing practical solutions and insights.
Align with Goals: Understand the goals and objectives of your audience. Tailor your topics to align with their aspirations, whether it’s professional development, problem-solving, or staying updated on industry trends.
Adapt to the Occasion:
Event Type: Consider the type of event you are presenting at. Is it a conference, workshop, seminar, or a more informal gathering? The format and expectations of the event will influence your choice of topics.
Time Constraints: Be mindful of the time allotted for your presentation. Tailor the scope and depth of your topics to fit within the designated time frame.
Customize Content:
Relevance to Industry: If your audience belongs to a specific industry, tailor your topics to address challenges and innovations relevant to that industry. Provide concrete examples and case studies that resonate with their professional experiences.
Localize Examples: Consider the cultural context and geographic location of your audience. If possible, use examples and references that are familiar to them, making the content more relatable.
Engage in Interactivity:
Q&A Sessions: Plan for interactive sessions, allowing the audience to ask questions. This helps you gauge their interests and tailor your responses to address specific concerns.
Polls and Surveys: Incorporate interactive elements such as polls or surveys to gather real-time feedback. Use the results to adjust your presentation on the fly if necessary.
Provide Actionable Takeaways:
Practical Applications: Tailor your topics to include practical applications and actionable takeaways. Ensure that your audience can apply the knowledge gained from your presentation in their professional or personal endeavors.
Workshops and Demos: For hands-on sessions, tailor your topics to include workshops or live demonstrations. This enhances the learning experience and allows the audience to see practical implementations.
Be Adaptable:
Read the Room: Pay attention to the audience’s reactions during the presentation. Be adaptable and ready to adjust your approach based on their engagement levels and feedback.
Flexibility in Content: Have backup content or supplementary materials that can be introduced based on audience interest or questions.

Software Development and Programming

Trends in Programming Languages: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction to Python: Basics and Beyond
Exploring the World of JavaScript Frameworks
Best Practices in Software Development Methodologies
The Evolution of Mobile App Development
Low-Code Platforms: Revolutionizing Software Development
The Impact of Microservices Architecture on Modern Applications
DevOps Practices: Streamlining Development and Operations
Code Review Techniques for Quality Assurance
GUI vs. Command Line Interfaces: Pros and Cons

Emerging Technologies

Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Introduction and Applications
Machine Learning Algorithms: A Deep Dive
The Role of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in AI
Computer Vision: Applications and Challenges
Internet of Things (IoT) and its Transformative Power
Blockchain Technology: Beyond Cryptocurrencies
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in Computing
Edge Computing: Enhancing Network Performance
Quantum Computing: A Glimpse into the Future
6G Technology: Enabling the Next Generation of Connectivity

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Cyber Threats: Types, Trends, and Prevention Strategies
Ethical Hacking: Unveiling Security Vulnerabilities
Biometric Security Systems: Enhancing Authentication
Cryptography: Ensuring Secure Communication
Security Measures for Computer Networks: A Practical Guide
Privacy Concerns in the Digital Age: Safeguarding Information
Incident Response Planning for Cybersecurity
Cloud Security Best Practices
Cybersecurity Awareness Training for Employees
The Future of Cybersecurity: Emerging Challenges

Data Science and Big Data

Introduction to Data Science: Concepts and Applications
Data Analysis Techniques: From Descriptive to Predictive Analytics
Big Data Technologies: Hadoop, Spark, and Beyond
Data Warehousing: Storing and Retrieving Massive Datasets
Data Visualization Tools: Making Sense of Complex Data
Predictive Modeling in Business: Leveraging Data Insights
Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Integration
Real-Time Analytics: Turning Data into Actionable Insights
Data Ethics: Navigating the Challenges of Responsible Data Use
Data-driven Decision Making in Organizations

Computer Hardware and Networking

Latest Advancements in Computer Hardware
The Role of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) in Modern Computing
Networking Protocols: A Deep Dive into TCP/IP, UDP, and More
Wireless Technologies: Wi-Fi 6 and Beyond
Cloud Computing Models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS Explained
Edge Computing vs. Cloud Computing: Choosing the Right Approach
Green Computing: Sustainable Practices in IT
Quantum Computing and its Potential Impact on Industry
5G Technology: Revolutionizing Mobile Communication
Wearable Technology: Integrating Computing into Everyday Life

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications

AI in Healthcare: Transforming Diagnosis and Treatment
AI in Finance: Applications and Risk Management
AI in Customer Service: Enhancing User Experience
AI in Education: Personalized Learning and Assessment
AI in Autonomous Vehicles: Navigating the Future
AI in Agriculture: Precision Farming and Crop Monitoring
AI in Cybersecurity: Detecting and Preventing Threats
AI in Natural Language Processing (NLP): Conversational Interfaces
AI in Robotics: Innovations and Challenges
AI in Retail: Personalized Shopping Experiences

Internet and Web Technologies

Evolution of the Internet: From ARPANET to the Present
Web Development Trends: Responsive Design and Progressive Web Apps
Content Management Systems (CMS): Choosing the Right Platform
E-commerce Platforms: Building Successful Online Stores
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Strategies for Web Visibility
Cloud-based Web Hosting Solutions: Comparisons and Best Practices
Web Accessibility: Designing Inclusive and User-Friendly Websites
Social Media Integration: Enhancing Online Presence
Web Security Best Practices: SSL, HTTPS, and Beyond
The Future of the Internet: Trends and Predictions

Mobile Technologies

Mobile Operating Systems: A Comparison of iOS and Android
Mobile App Monetization Strategies: Ads, Subscriptions, and Freemium Models
Cross-platform Mobile Development: Pros and Cons
Mobile Payment Technologies: From NFC to Cryptocurrencies
Mobile Health (mHealth) Applications: Improving Healthcare Access
Location-based Services in Mobile Apps: Opportunities and Challenges
Mobile Gaming Trends: Augmented Reality and Multiplayer Experiences
The Impact of 5G on Mobile Applications
Mobile App Testing: Ensuring Quality User Experiences
Mobile Security: Protecting Devices and User Data

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

User Experience (UX) Design Principles: Creating Intuitive Interfaces
Usability Testing Methods: Evaluating the User-Friendliness of Products
Interaction Design Patterns: Enhancing User Engagement
Accessibility in Design: Designing for All Users
Virtual Reality (VR) and User Experience: Design Considerations
Gamification in User Interface Design: Enhancing Engagement
Voice User Interface (VUI) Design: Building Natural Interactions
Biometric User Authentication: Balancing Security and Convenience
The Evolution of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
Wearable Technology Design: Integrating Fashion and Functionality

Cloud Computing

Cloud Service Models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS Explained
Cloud Deployment Models: Public, Private, and Hybrid Clouds
Cloud Security Best Practices: Protecting Data in the Cloud
Serverless Computing: Streamlining Application Development
Cloud Computing in Business: Cost Savings and Scalability
Cloud-Native Technologies: Containers and Orchestration
Microservices Architecture in the Cloud: Breaking Down Monoliths
Cloud Computing Trends: Edge Computing and Multi-cloud Strategies
Cloud Migration Strategies: Moving Applications to the Cloud
Cloud Computing in Healthcare: Enhancing Patient Care

Robotics and Automation

Robotics in Manufacturing: Increasing Efficiency and Precision
Autonomous Robots: Applications and Challenges
Humanoid Robots: Advancements in AI-driven Robotics
Robotic Process Automation (RPA): Streamlining Business Processes
Drones in Industry: Surveillance, Delivery, and Beyond
Surgical Robotics: Innovations in Medical Procedures
Robotic Exoskeletons: Assisting Human Mobility
Social Robots: Interacting with Humans in Various Settings
Ethical Considerations in Robotics and AI
The Future of Robotics: Trends and Predictions

Ethical Considerations in Technology

Responsible AI: Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence
Data Privacy Laws: Navigating Compliance and Regulations
Bias in Algorithms: Addressing and Mitigating Unintended Consequences
Ethical Hacking: Balancing Security Testing and Privacy Concerns
Technology and Mental Health: Addressing Digital Well-being
Environmental Impact of Technology: Green Computing Practices
Open Source Software: Community Collaboration and Ethical Licensing
Technology Addiction: Understanding and Combating Dependencies
Social Media Ethics: Privacy, Fake News, and Cyberbullying
Ethical Considerations in Biometric Technologies

Future Trends in Technology

The Future of Computing: Quantum Computing and Beyond
Edge AI: Bringing Intelligence to the Edge of Networks
Biocomputing: Merging Biology and Computing
Neurotechnology: Brain-Computer Interfaces and Cognitive Enhancement
Sustainable Technologies: Innovations in Green Computing
7G and Beyond: Envisioning the Next Generation of Connectivity
Space Technology and Computing: Exploring the Final Frontier
Biohacking and DIY Tech: A Look into Citizen Science
Tech for Social Good: Using Technology to Address Global Challenges
The Convergence of Technologies: AI, IoT, Blockchain, and More

Miscellaneous Topics

Technology and Education: Transforming Learning Experiences
Digital Transformation: Strategies for Modernizing Businesses
Tech Startups: Navigating Challenges and Achieving Success
Women in Technology: Empowering Diversity and Inclusion
The History of Computing: Milestones and Innovations
Futuristic Interfaces: Brain-Computer Interfaces and Holography
Tech and Art: Exploring the Intersection of Creativity and Technology
Hackathons: Fostering Innovation in Tech Communities
The Role of Technology in Disaster Management
Exploring Careers in Technology: Opportunities and Challenges

Tips for Effective Computer Presentations

Mastering the Art of Public Speaking in the Tech Industry
Designing Engaging Visuals for Technical Presentations
The Dos and Don’ts of Live Demonstrations in Tech Presentations
Building a Compelling Narrative: Storytelling Techniques in Tech Talks
Handling Q&A Sessions: Tips for Addressing Audience Questions
Time Management in Tech Presentations: Balancing Content and Interaction
Incorporating Humor in Technical Presentations: Dos and Don’ts
Creating Interactive Workshops: Engaging Audiences in Hands-on Learning
Leveraging Social Media for Tech Presentations: Tips for Promotion
Continuous Learning in the Tech Industry: Strategies for Staying Informed

Case Studies and Real-World Applications

Real-world examples and case studies add practical relevance to computer presentations. Showcase successful projects, discuss challenges faced, and share lessons learned.

Analyzing the impact of technology in real-world scenarios provides valuable insights for the audience and encourages a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Future Trends in Computer Presentation Topics

Predicting future trends in technology is both exciting and challenging. Presenters can offer insights into upcoming technological developments, anticipate challenges and opportunities, and encourage continuous learning in the rapidly evolving tech landscape.

Discussing the potential impact of technologies like 6G, augmented reality, or advancements in quantum computing sparks curiosity and keeps the audience abreast of the latest innovations.

In conclusion, computer presentations serve as powerful tools for knowledge sharing and skill development in the tech industry. Whether you’re presenting to novices or seasoned professionals, the choice of topics, presentation skills, and a thoughtful approach to ethical considerations can elevate the impact of your presentation.

As technology continues to evolve, staying informed and exploring diverse computer presentation topics will be instrumental in fostering a culture of continuous learning and innovation.

Embrace the dynamic nature of technology and embark on a journey of exploration and enlightenment through engaging computer presentations.

Step by Step Guide on The Best Way to Finance Car

The Best Way on How to Get Fund For Business to Grow it Efficiently

Question Papers
Scholarships

List of Architecture Presentation Topics (Updated)

Given below is the list of Best Architecture Presentation Topics. This list covers architecture science & engineering topics. These power-point topics will help students as well as researchers for webinars, seminars, conferences, workshops and speech competitions.

Let’s start exploring latest trending architecture presentation topics.

Anthropology & its relation with architecture

Advanced Building Technology

Advanced Building Materials

The world of architectures

Architecture in the Indian Context

Best Buildings in the world

Architectural theory

Top architects in the world

Twentieth-Century furniture

World’s Best Architecture Firms

Top architectures in the world

Evolution of the concept of Architecture

Eco-Friendly Designs

Architectural Designs for Nature Lovers

Ecological aspect of landscape and design

Biodegradable Structures

Community gardens

Green Building Technology

Environmental Impact Assessment

Eco-Friendly Forest Communities

Energy Efficiency concepts

Relation of sociology with architecture

Recycled Material-Built Stores

Rural Planning

Solar Passive Architecture

Solar Active Architecture

Colors & Architectures

Colour Theory and its relation to the architecture

Lights and Colours in Interiors

Luxurious Penthouse Designs

Technology in Architectures

Computer applications in the field of Architecture

Aperture-Focused Architecture

Barrier free Architecture

Innovative Architectures

Fluid Architectural Designs

Asian architecture

Architecture Conservation

Brunelleschi florence dome

Concepts of long span structures:

Construction Project and Management

Chromatic Cave Lavatories

Digital Architecture

Disaster Management

Emerging trends in Architecture

Effects of disasters on architecture

Floating Pyramid Artwork

Modern Temple Designs

Feline-Inspired Buildings

Floating Luxury Hotels

Geographic Information Systems

Glamorous Architectural Designs

History of Interior Design

Modern concepts in architecture

Islamic architecture

Modern Beach Homes

Intelligent Buildings

Interior Design

Infrastructure & Transportation Planning

Modern Church Designs

Landscape Architecture

Low-maintenance exterior materials

Microliving

Monolithic Indoor Pools

Modern Tree-house Designs

Oval Architecture

Psychology in Architecture

Playfully Contemporary Offices

Renaissance and the architect

Regional Landscape Planning

Sky scrappers

The medieval builder

Twenty First century furniture

Triangular Architecture

Transparent Architectural Designs

Urban Design

Urban Planning & Housing

Vernacular architecture

Wave-Inspired Architecture

This is all about presentation topics for architecture engineering students and researchers.

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Advanced Topics in Computer Architecture
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Computer Organization and Architecture Tutorial

Input and Output Organization

COA GATE PYQ's AND COA Quiz

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Advanced Topics in Computer Architecture

Recommended prerequisite reading

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CS301: Computer Architecture

Course Syllabus

Unit 1: Introduction to Computer Technology

Unit 2: Instructions: Hardware Language

Unit 3: Fundamentals of Digital Logic Design

Unit 4: Computer Arithmetic

Unit 5: Designing a Processor

Unit 6: The Memory Hierarchy

Unit 7: Storage and I/O

Unit 8: Parallel Processing

Unit 9: Look Back and Look Ahead

Course Feedback Survey

Certificate Final Exam

Topics in Computer Architecture, Fall 2015 (CS 780 / CS 680)

Prerequisites

Course Description

Grade Distribution

Submissions

Paper Critiques and Homeworks

In-Class Presentations

Semester-Long Research Project

Areas for In-class Presentations and Projects

Reading List and Other Resources

Semester Schedule

Academic Accommodations

Computer Organization And Architecture

COA Table Of Contents

What Is Computer Architecture ?

Difference Between Computer Architecture And Computer Organization

Computer Architecture

2. Level of Abstraction

3. Instruction Set Design

4. Performance Evaluation

5. Examples

Computer Organization

2. Level of Detail

3. Implementation

4. Performance Optimization

Computer System Functional Units

Computer System Input Unit

Input Devices

Output Unit

Output Devices

Micro-processor

Control Unit

CPU Control Unit

Arithmetic And Logic Unit

Memory Unit

CPU Registers

CPU Registers Example

Computer Hardware

Computer Software

Application Software

System Software

Instruction Cycle

Instruction Pipelining

Instruction Non-Pipeline Architecture

Instruction Format

Instruction Format Addressing Modes

Interrupts In COA

Computer Bus

Computer Science Online Course

Academics / Courses / Descriptions COMP_ENG 456: Modern Topics in Computer Architecture

Study at Cambridge

Advanced Topics in Computer Architecture

Recommended prerequisite reading

Further Information