computer essay for 2nd year

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How To Write An Essay On Computer for Children Of Classes 1, 2 And 3

Key Points to Remember When Writing An Essay On Computer For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on computers for kids, short essay on computer in english for children, long essay on computer for kids, what will your child learn from the essay on computer.

Computers are devices that are central to our everyday lives. When your child writes about the advantages of a computer, they learn about the importance of using this device and also understand the different uses that these devices may have for them. Computers help with class assignments for children, provide a great source of gathering information and are also one of their favourite tools for recreation, for playing video games or watching their favourite movies. Children are savvy with using computers and it will be fascinating for them to learn deeper about these devices through this essay writing exercise. Let us help your child to write an interesting essay on computers:

There are a few essential points that your child needs to remember while writing an essay on the uses of computer(s). Let’s help your child write an essay on computer.

• The first step is to let your child structure their ideas (in the head) and think of what to write about computers.
• In the second step, let your child note the ideas to form an outline, ensuring they cover all the points while composing the essay.
• They will form easy-to-read, short and simple sentences from the pointers in the third step.
• Encourage your child not to get too deep describing any single idea, and stick to the word limit.
• Help your child write with the rhythm, making them cherish writing the essay.
• Your child can write about the importance of computers, how this device helps them in different ways, details about parts of a computer, etc.

Computers have taken up a very important part of our lives in various ways. Even children are savvy with the use of computers. Let us help your child write 10 lines as an essay on computers for class 1 and class 2:

• A computer is an electronic device.
• Charles Babbage first invented the computer.
• Computers play an extremely important function in our life.
• The machine takes in data as input, processes it, and gives output.
• A computer does all the work with the help of an operating system.
• A computer understands binary language, which is made up of 0 and 1.
• The Central Processing Unit, known as CPU, is the computer’s brain.
• The device helps us with our studies to search for new information.
• It is also used by elders to do their work like make presentations and send emails.
• It is used in schools, banks, offices, hospitals, railway stations, airports and numerous other places.

Computers make up a major part of our life. Children are exposed to the use of computers at an early age for school activities or recreation. Writing an essay on computers may be challenging for kids. Let us help them write an interesting essay on computers in 200 words. They will learn closely about this device through this short paragraph on the computer.

A computer is an electronic device that plays an important role in modern times. Charles Babbage first invented it. The device takes in data as input, processes it, and gives output. A computer does all the work with the help of an operating system. A computer understands the binary language, which is 0 and 1. The CPU (Central Processing Unit ) is called the computer’s brain. The device helps humans in various day-to-day activities. It helps students with their studies. Elders use it to do their work. It is used in schools, banks, offices, hospitals, railway stations, airports, and several other institutions and places. It keeps records and does many tasks. Humans will take a very long time to do many tasks that the computer can do instantly. It makes our life very easy.

Computers are the most important device in modern times. Let us help your child write about the uses of a computer through an essay for class 3:

A computer is an electronic device that plays an important role in modern times. Today we cannot imagine our life without a computer. From studies to booking tickets, paying bills, doing office work, and keeping records, a computer makes everything very easy. Charles Babbage first invented the computer. The device takes in data as input, processes it, and gives output. A computer does all the work with the help of an operating system. A computer understands the binary language, which is 0 and 1. The CPU (Central Processing Unit ) is called the computer’s brain. The device helps us in all our day-to-day tasks. It helps us with our studies. It allows us to take online classes, take online exams, do research and gather information for our assignments. Even elders use computers for their work. It is a very useful device in almost every place like schools, banks, offices, hospitals, railway stations, airports, and many others.

We will take a very long time to do many tasks that the computer can do in an instant. It makes our life very easy. It emables us to avoid long queues to pay our bills, and do it online with just a few clicks. With use of the internet, a computer opens the window to a whole world of information that would be very difficult to gather manually. Whatever information we need is just a few taps away in modern times. Computers have made the whole world a small place. Using computers, we can sit at home and connect with our dear ones living far away from us through messages, emails or video calls. In India, the first computer was brought in Kolkata in 1952, and it was named “Siddharth.” It was a new beginning for the country’s development.

When your child writes about computers, they notice the significant role of computers in daily life. They learn interesting facts about computers. Essay writing will play a major role in developing your child’s language skills. It improves their thought process and gives structure to their ideas. It improves their creative writing skills and also their vocabulary. The act of writing also is functional in developing the fine motor skills of your little one.

We hope the above sample essays will help your child look at computers from a closer aspect. It will help your child learn about this device and understand its benefits more closely. Essay writing is one such activity that helps your child till much later in life. The earlier you introduce it to the little ones, the better they get at it with time. We have kept the language of the above write-up very simple so that it’s easy for your child to understand.

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Essay on Computer and its Uses for School Students and Children

500+ words essay on computer.

In this essay on computer, we are going to discuss some useful things about computers. The modern-day computer has become an important part of our daily life. Also, their usage has increased much fold during the last decade. Nowadays, they use the computer in every office whether private or government. Mankind is using computers for over many decades now. Also, they are used in many fields like agriculture, designing, machinery making, defense and many more. Above all, they have revolutionized the whole world.

History of Computers

It is very difficult to find the exact origin of computers. But according to some experts computer exists at the time of world war-II. Also, at that time they were used for keeping data. But, it was for only government use and not for public use. Above all, in the beginning, the computer was a very large and heavy machine.

Working of a Computer 

The computer runs on a three-step cycle namely input, process, and output. Also, the computer follows this cycle in every process it was asked to do. In simple words, the process can be explained in this way. The data which we feed into the computer is input, the work CPU do is process and the result which the computer give is output.

Components and Types of Computer

The simple computer basically consists of CPU, monitor, mouse, and keyboard . Also, there are hundreds of other computer parts that can be attached to it. These other parts include a printer, laser pen, scanner , etc.

The computer is categorized into many different types like supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers (desktop), PDAs, laptop, etc. The mobile phone is also a type of computer because it fulfills all the criteria of being a computer.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Uses of Computer in Various Fields

As the usage of computer increased it became a necessity for almost every field to use computers for their operations. Also, they have made working and sorting things easier. Below we are mentioning some of the important fields that use a computer in their daily operation.

Medical Field

They use computers to diagnose diseases, run tests and for finding the cure for deadly diseases . Also, they are able to find a cure for many diseases because of computers.

Whether it’s scientific research, space research or any social research computers help in all of them. Also, due to them, we are able to keep a check on the environment , space, and society. Space research helped us to explore the galaxies. While scientific research has helped us to locate resources and various other useful resources from the earth.

For any country, his defence is most important for the safety and security of its people. Also, computer in this field helps the country’s security agencies to detect a threat which can be harmful in the future. Above all the defense industry use them to keep surveillance on our enemy.

Threats from a Computer

Computers have become a necessity also, they have become a threat too. This is due to hackers who steal your private data and leak them on internet. Also, anyone can access this data. Apart from that, there are other threats like viruses, spams, bug and many other problems.

The computer is a very important machine that has become a useful part of our life. Also, the computers have twin-faces on one side it’s a boon and on the other side, it’s a bane. Its uses completely depend upon you. Apart from that, a day in the future will come when human civilization won’t be able to survive without computers as we depend on them too much. Till now it is a great discovery of mankind that has helped in saving thousands and millions of lives.

Frequently Asked Questions on Computer

Q.1  What is a computer?

A.1 A computer is an electronic device or machine that makes our work easier. Also, they help us in many ways.

Q.2 Mention various fields where computers are used?

A.2  Computers are majorly used in defense, medicine, and for research purposes.

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Essay on Computer

500+ words essay on computer.

A computer is an electronic device that performs complex calculations. It is a wonderful product of modern technology. Nowadays, computers have become a significant part of our life. Whether it is in the sector of education or health, computers are used everywhere. Our progress is entirely dependent on computers powered by the latest technology. This ‘Essay on Computer’ also covers the history of computers as well as their uses in different sectors. By going through the ‘Computer’ Essay in English, students will get an idea of writing a good Essay on Computers. After practising this essay, they will be able to write essays on other topics related to computers, such as the ‘Uses of Computer’ Essay.

The invention of the computer has made our lives easier. The device is used for many purposes, such as securing information, messages, data processing, software programming, calculations, etc. A desktop computer has a CPU, UPS, monitor, keyboard, and mouse to work. A laptop is a modern form of computer in which all the components are inbuilt into a single device. Earlier, computers were not so fast and powerful. After thorough and meticulous research and work by various scientists, modern-day computers have come up.

History of Computers

The history of computer development is often used to reference the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computers is characterised by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers work. Most of the major developments from the 1940s to the present day have resulted in increasingly smaller, more powerful, faster, cheaper and more efficient computing devices.

The evolution of computer technology is often divided into five generations. These five generations of computers are as follows:

Uses of Computers

Computers are used in various fields. Some of the applications are

1. Business

A computer can perform a high-speed calculation more efficiently and accurately, due to which it is used in all business organisations. In business, computers are used for:

• Payroll calculations
• Sales analysis
• Maintenance of stocks
• Managing employee databases

2. Education

Computers are very useful in the education system. Especially now, during the COVID time, online education has become the need of the hour. There are miscellaneous ways through which an institution can use computers to educate students.

3. Health Care

Computers have become an important part of hospitals, labs and dispensaries. They are used for the scanning and diagnosis of different diseases. Computerised machines do scans, which include ECG, EEG, ultrasound and CT Scan, etc. Moreover, they are used in hospitals to keep records of patients and medicines.

Computers are largely used in defence. The military employs computerised control systems, modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc. It uses computers for communication, operation and planning, smart weapons, etc.

5. Government

Computers play an important role in government services. Some major fields are:

• Computation of male/female ratio
• Computerisation of PAN card
• Income Tax Department
• Weather forecasting
• Computerisation of voters’ lists
• Sales Tax Department

6. Communication

Communication is a way to convey an idea, a message, a picture, a speech or any form of text, audio or video clip. Computers are capable of doing so. Through computers, we can send an email, chat with each other, do video conferencing, etc.

Nowadays, to a large extent, banking is dependent on computers. Banks provide an online accounting facility, which includes checking current balances, making deposits and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, trustee records, etc. The ATM machines, which are fully automated, use computers, making it easier for customers to deal with banking transactions.

8. Marketing

In marketing, computers are mainly used for advertising and home shopping.

Similarly, there are various other applications of computers in other fields, such as insurance, engineering, design, etc.

Students can practise more essays on different topics to improve their writing skills. Keep learning and stay tuned with BYJU’S for the latest update on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams. Also, download the BYJU’S App for interactive study videos.

Frequently asked Questions on Computer Essay

How has the invention of the computer been useful to students.

Easy and ready access to information has been possible (internet) with the invention of the computer.

How to start writing an essay on a computer?

Before writing an essay, first plan the topics, sub-topics and main points which are going to be included in the body of the essay. Then, structure the content accordingly and check for information and examples.

How to use the computer to browse for information on essays?

Various search engines are available, like Google, where plenty of information can be obtained regarding essays and essay structures.

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Computer 2nd Year Class Past Papers Download PDF

If you are looking want to download 2nd Year class Computer past papers solved over the last five years starting from 2018 to 2022, then you are on the right platform. Babulilm.pk offers Inter student part 2 to download or read online Objective and Subjective of group 1 and group 2 any years past paper-free.

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Computer 2nd Year class solved past papers of all the educational Punjab, KPK, Sindh, and Baluchistan boards are uploaded on our website babulilm.pk. These are the past papers of Computer for the 2nd Year class that helps the candidate cover the syllabus quickly.

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2nd year computer science solved past papers pdf download 2021 - 12th class.

 If you are a student of 12th class ICS who is studying computer science as a subject and looking for the solved past papers of class 12 computer then here we have shared the 2nd Year Computer Science Solved Past Papers pdf Download 2021 or read them online.

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2nd Year Computer Chapter 12 – Notes

Chapter 12 - loop constructs - ics 2nd year computer notes.

We know you are looking for 2nd year Computer Chapter 12 notes in PDF to download. That’s why we have uploaded the best quality notes of 12th class Computer Science. These computer notes include complete and comprehensive chapter notes.

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These 2nd Year Computer Chapter Notes are according to the syllabus of all Punjab Boards. Other boards other than Punjab do not follow class 12 computer notes. These Punjab boards are Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur Board Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Sahiwal Board.

Final words, we made our finest efforts to make these notes beneficial for you. But if you find any mistake, so any suggestion for its further precision is however invited. And if you find that our efforts help you, share it with your mates because “Sharing is Caring”.

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Important Essay for 2nd year 2024

The compilation of significant essays for second-year students serves as a valuable roadmap to essential topics within the English curriculum. Carefully curated, these important essays are designed to address a diverse range of subjects, fostering the development of critical thinking and communication skills. Encompassing various aspects of life, society, and personal experiences, these essays ensure that students are thoroughly equipped for their academic assessments. Exploring these important essays not only improves students’ writing proficiency but also provides insights into crucial societal issues, contributing to a well-rounded education that prepares them for the challenges and opportunities that await in the future.

In this article, I present a compilation of significant essay topics specifically tailored for 12th-grade students in 2024. These topics bear significance not only for class exams but also for other examinations such as PPSC papers, Matric exams, supplementary exams, and more.

List of Important Essays for 2nd Year:

•  Patriotism
•  My Aim in Life
•  Corruption
•  Why I Love Pakistan
• A Visit to a Historical Place
•  A Cricket Match
•  Co-Education
• Life in A Village
• My First Day at College
•  Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phones
•  The Holy Quran
•  My Favorite Personality / My Hero in History
•  Life in a Big City

Additionally, there are evergreen essay topics that transcend time and remain relevant for examinations of various levels:

Evergreen Essay Topics for 2nd Year:

•   Unemployment
•  Examinations
•  My Favorite Book
•  Visit to the Zoo
•  Blessings of Science
• Population Explosion
•  Technical Education
•  An Ideal Student

Mastering these topics is strongly encouraged as they encompass a diverse range of social, educational, and cultural aspects, ensuring students excel in their English essay writing examinations.

• Floods In Pakistan Essay
• Education System in Pakistan Essay
• Blessing of Science Essay
• Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay

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Table of Contents

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• Foundational Courses
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Complete RoadMap For Second Year College Students – B.Tech/BCA/B.Sc

• Complete RoadMap For First Year College Students - B.Tech/BCA/B.Sc
• Complete RoadMap For Third Year College Students – B.Tech/BCA/B.Sc
• 5 Project Ideas For Final Year Students
• Master Your Coding Skills: Best Courses to Complete This Summer
• 10 Tips For First Year Computer Science Engineering Students
• Top 10 Mini Project Ideas For Computer Science Students
• 7 Tips For Building Final Year Projects For Engineering Students
• First Step to DSA - Scholarship Test For 9 to 12 Class Students
• Prepare For Top Service Based Companies with GeeksforGeeks Complete Test Series!
• Things every final year student should do to get a job in their dream company
• Why is programming important for first year or school students?
• Top Computer Science Colleges in Canada
• BSc Data Science Course : Updated Syllabus 2024, Top Colleges, Jobs, Salary & Scope
• AIET Campus Experience as B.Tech CSE Student
• JSPM Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering, Tathawade Campus Experience for B.Tech CS
• Hooghly Engineering & Technology College Campus Experience for B.Tech CSE
• BTech Computer Science: Subject, Fees, Eligibility, Admission, Cut Off, Colleges, Salary
• UIET MDU, Rohtak Campus Experience for B.Tech CSE
• Top 10 Projects For Beginners To Practice HTML and CSS Skills
• Types of Software Testing
• Working with csv files in Python
• Algorithm to solve Rubik's Cube
• Fast I/O for Competitive Programming
• Top 10 Algorithms and Data Structures for Competitive Programming
• 100 Days of Code - A Complete Guide For Beginners and Experienced
• Top 50 Java Project Ideas For Beginners & Advanced
• Difference Between Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0
• System Design Interview Questions and Answers

So far you’ve got the basics of your B.Tech life and maybe the fundamentals would have got a clear picture. Moving ahead in this roadmap, after successful completion of the first year in B.Tech, now is the time to get into the 2 nd Year of B.Tech life to explore the goals that are yet to cover in the third and fourth semesters. 

For First Year Roadmap, refer to the article – Complete RoadMap For First Year College Students – B.Tech/BCA/B.Sc

The roadmap of the second year to answer to clarify your doubts and guidance towards this journey.

2 nd Year (III rd Semester)

Now, when you have completed your first year and have gained little knowledge of the basics, let’s move ahead. During your first year, you would have given ample time to your studies with coding. Students who aren’t yet clear with the basics of programming language need to start working on the structural base of the language as soon as possible, they have to jump down to data structure and algorithm. 

* Note : This is the part when you’re entering the advanced level in DSA, and most important they’re the topics that will help you to crack the interviews too. So, make sure to learn them properly and ensure to dedicate sufficient time for practicing on a daily basis.

Basics & Advanced Topics to cover in Data Structure & Algorithm

• Searching & Sorting 
• Linked List

Those who have made grip over the basic concept of DSA & their topics can now move further to cover Tree Data Structure , Tree Traversal , Binary Tree , Hashing , and Graph , etc. need to work on different patterns to get insight into complex problems. Once you’ve got the basics, now is the time for you to start solving the conceptual questions of different topics. 

Must Read Complete Roadmap To Learn DSA From Scratch to learn DSA from basics to advanced.

Don’t forget to check out the DSA Self-Paced Course By Sandeep Jain . If you want to language-specific DSA course, do check out these which are at affordable prices:

• Data Structures Using Python Programming – Self Paced
• Data Structures in C Programming – Self Paced

Right after this, start learning the basics of OOPs *It is one of the most important concepts in programming, and also OOPS is being frequently asked during interviews.

 2 nd  Year (IV th Semester)

OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) is a model which is all about creating objects that contain data and methods. It gives a clear structure for the program and makes reusable components in applications.

Procedural programming is about writing procedures or methods that perform operations on the data, while object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and methods. let’s read about what is an object, class, methods, and attributes

• Objects are instances of a class that are created with defined data. 
• Classes are user-defined data types acting as prototypes for objects.
• Methods are functions describing the behavior of an object defined in a class.
• Attributes represent the state of an object

What are you going to learn in OOPS?

OOPs follows four basics principles which are:

• Abstraction
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation

For a clear idea of OOPs, read these which are based on various programming languages OOPs in Java OOPs in C++ OOPs in Python OOPs in C#

So, you’re all set with DSA and OOPs, Right? Let’s solve some questions using GFG Practice Portal where you’ll get numerous questions based on topics, companies, and difficulty levels. Try to give your maximum time here and solve questions to become industry-ready.  

Once the grip of the technicalities is strong enough by the end of 2 nd year now is the time to start exploring other skills. (you can work on some projects of your interest).

*Note: If you’re really interested then you should probably move into Machine Learning, Web Development, or App Development for more exposure to see how programming works.

Action Plan

• By the end of the 4 th semester, students who have not made good commands need to work and focus more on data structure and algorithm and keep investing 3-4 hours a day .
• You can also create your account on LinkedIn during your second year (a great platform to build a professional network and connect with companies, their CEOs, and also your friends) to stay aware of the hiring or internships offered by companies.
• The second phase of making yourself visible is by building a strong resume and posting it on portals like GitHub, LinkedIn, etc. Being visible and highly active is what is required to do and understand the market trend and since the technology is much more advanced now so it becomes your responsibility and necessity to keep a follow up on trends and utilize the features of technology in the right direction.
• Try to make and get yourself involved in as many projects as you can (throughout the end of the 4 th semester) and keep them posted on GitHub. Also, ensure that you’re taking the right ownership in that project among others. All of your team members should be holding up the tasks as per their interests so that everyone will give their best in the project.
• Make sure you’re not missing out on attendance shortage and try not to get involved in irrelevant activities (such as bunking, not paying attention, copying the assignments, and so on)
• After involving in multiple small projects, you’re now passing the barricade of going into some big projects (live). This will not only add spark to your resume but will also showcase where you’re standing at the moment. However, it is not mandatory to jump off from a small to a major project in the 2 nd Year but yes, if you feel like you can do this and have ample time for other activities as well then you should consider this to move further.
• You can also start working on a big project by adjoining multiple features and add-ons to your minor project. This will save your time and will also enable you to justify your efforts. Moreover, by doing this, you’ll not be required to align your mindset in a different direction by then.

*PS: Try to get yourself enrolled in a STEP (Student Training in Engineering Program) Internship program. The more you’ll dive in, the more it will be beneficial for you in working on live projects.

Internship Opportunities

Internships give you opportunities to explore your talent and allow you to gain a competitive edge. It provides you with experience and also the required skills that you need to get a job in the future.

Here are some Internships offered by companies you would love to work with:

• Microsoft Internship (It is a 12-week, paid internship) 
• Google STEP Intern (It is a 12-week, paid internship) 
• Google Summer of Code (It is a ten-week internship program)

Things to Keep in Mind:

• Always ensure to keep healthy contact with OOPS and DSA. This flow is mandated and should not be ignored or broken at any point in time. These are the only backbone of your concepts, interview, and logical building.
• Start working on some live projects where you can get users engaged with it. It will give you broader exposure to understanding the concept and technical “know-how”
• You should always follow the 3:6 ratio by the end of your 2 Years in B.Tech where 3 stands for the number of dedicated hours that you have to invest and 6 is the number of the day.
• Make libraries your best hangout place (not for gossip but for reading and exploring different varieties of books) .
• Take a break (you deserve a day for yourself) i.e. Sunday (spend time with your family, and friends, and enjoy this day completely).

If you’ll look closely, by this time, you’ve accomplished your half journey of B.Tech life in college. From picking up the primary programming language to setting up accounts to start with DSA & OOPS to getting hands-on practice on projects and building resumes. This indicates that if you follow the right path, you’re not far from achieving your goal and choosing the job that you admire the most.

*Note: Now you can engage yourself by participating in technical content writing and get assured payment on each successful “Published” article.

You can also engage yourself by participating in Technical Content Writing (GeeksForGeeks ) at GeeksForGeeks and get assured payment on each successful “Published” article. For that, we offer the following benefits:

• We offer exciting payment (best in the industry), and the billing cycle goes every month.
• You get the chance to commute with our review team and get to know the insights and learn more about different domains.

And the best part, you also get an opportunity to place your name in the GeeksForGeeks “Hall of Fame” through: 

• Geek of the Month : Here, you can contribute your articles and they will be reviewed by the review team. Depending on the number of quality content, you’ll be titled “Geek of the Month”. You get the opportunity to grab prizes along with Internship offers.    
• Geek of the Year: Geek of the Year is selected by the end of every year on the basis of quality and the number of published articles or videos. You can also win this reputed title and add stars to your resume.

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Computer Science 2nd Year Past Papers of Federal Board

Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Islamabad F.Sc Part 2  subject Computer Science Past examination papers. Computer Science Compulsory Paper for 12th class old examination papers of Computer Science Second year. Computer Science subjective and objective past papers of FBISE Islamabad for intermediate part 2 12th Class examination. Past 5 years examination papers of F.Sc Part 2 subject Computer Science Compulsory. Computer Science old 5 year Past papers of all annual and supplementary second Year examination of Federal Board are available.

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2nd year computer science past papers RWP board

 2nd year computer science past papers for Rawalpindi board download here in pdf. 2nd year computer science unsloved past papers for 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 etc download here in pdf. 12th class ICS part 2 computer science past paper download here at Zahid Notes.

2nd year Computer science past papers Rawalpindi board

Rawalpindi board Computer science past papers are given in pdf here. You can download the previous 5 years' papers in a single pdf file. 

Now the students can also download 2nd year Computer science solved past papers from all Punjab boards. Zahid Notes has provided solved past papers in pdf too.

12th class Computer science past papers download

These past papers have been taken from the Rawalpindi board only. Last five years past paper MCQs, Short questions and long questions list is given. Past papers also provide paper patterns and paper schemes for coming exams. You can also download 2nd year computer science paper scheme in pdf. 2023 paper schemes have been uploaded in pdf for all subjects.

You should also see 2nd year guess paper 2023 for all subjects.

2nd year computer science past papers pdf download

Download the past papers here in pdf:

Here you can also find more content for 2nd year computer science. You should download our best pdf notes for 2nd year computer science . 

Here are some other related contents for 2nd year:

1. 2nd year computer science guess paper 2023

2. 2nd year computer science MCQs solved

3. 2nd year date sheet 2023

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2nd Year English Grammar

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Updated March 2024 The most recent 12th Class English Grammar Notes 2024 have been uploaded onto the Ilmkidunya website, with PDF files provided for the convenience of students. This allows students to easily access and download the notes, thereby improving their learning process effectively.

English is a compulsory subject of  2nd Year Intermediate Board Examinations . The subject enhances students develop better speaking, writing, and grammar skills. The students learn to be capable enough to draft creative writing with good grammar and vocabulary. The syllabus of English for 2nd Year Intermediate Board Exams includes several sections that cover the book part, grammar, comprehension, essay writing, and more.

12th Class English Grammar PDF Notes

English essays.

Essays are writings that include general information regarding the topic and the writer’s approach to the topic. It may include critical and analytical writing depending upon the type of essay.  In the 2nd year, intermediate Board Exams English Essays are a compulsory portion with a choice of topics. The portion carries the highest marks. The students are required to draft essay writing while keeping grammar and vocabulary in mind.

My hero in history essay for 2nd year with quotations  can also be found here.There are several Model Papers and  Paper Schemes  issued by the  Punjab Board that highlight the important topics for students to prepare well. The students can draft an essay on their own or can attempt various model essays.

Grammar is an essential component of English writing. The proper use of grammar will lead to a better understanding of the concept the writer conveys. The wrong use of grammar will lead to unstructured sentences, unclear concepts, and hard-to-understand statements. Grammar is the proper use of Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives to form a structured sentence. Students of intermediate level are capable enough to form a structured sentence with the help of proper grammar. The essay, story, and other writings have a major role in grammar. To get a grip on your writing grammar plays a huge role. 

The English stories at an intermediate level provide learning to students. These stories lead to a valuable moral lesson. The students gather their knowledge through the various short stories. It provides a better learning exposure to students. The story writing can either be descriptive or narrative. A narrative story includes the writer’s opinion and how the writer narrates the particular content of an event.

While descriptive stories include a description of a particular story. The intermediate students can follow various model papers to have a sound understanding of various essay writing and other English stories that will lead to a better performance overall. 

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Essay on Mobile Phone with Outline and Quotations

Mobile phone essay | uses and abuses of mobile phone essay fsc part 2 and graduation.

Here is the cell phone essay introduction . If you use the cell phone then you must know the importance of mobile phone in our daily life . Hereunder is an essay on mobile phone advantages and disadvantages which will discuss the uses of abuses of cell phones in modern life. This Mobile Phone Essay with Quotations is for the students of Class 12 and Graduation. There are some more English Essay for the students who like to prepare 2nd Year English Essays with Quotations .

Mobile Phone Essay with Outline and Quotes for Class 12

• The modern age is an era of communication.
• The charms of the mobile phone.
• Its role in social and political interaction.
• It is very useful in trade, business and commerce.
• There are a few drawbacks of its careless usage.
• The mobile phones is getting popular very fastly.

“The new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village .” (Marshall McLuhan)

The modern age is an era of communication. The latest means of communication have converted the whole world into a global village. With the advent of the mobile phone, distances have become meaningless. It has ensured the immediate link between cities, countries and continents, around the clock, without any delay. A few years ago, a mobile phone was merely a status symbol but, now, it has become part and parcel of our life. It is highly convenient and useful for our social, political and economic activities.

“Life is what happens when your cell phone is charging.” – (Unknown)

Youngsters are greatly fascinated by the charms of the mobile phone. It offers them multi-dimensional pleasures and facilities. They enjoy melodious ring tones, colorful wallpapers and interesting games. They get connected with their friends through SMS and MMS. The mobile phones communicates their sentiments, wishes and requests within a few seconds. Moreover, different functions and soft-wares of the mobile phones like dictionary, calculator, stop watch, time-clock, reminder, etc, are very useful for the students.

The mobile phone is playing an important role in social and political interaction. Political leaders, workers and social organizations are using it to co-ordinate their activities. It saves the time and keeps them well-connected all the time. I transfers information, data, orders. Schedules, progarmmes and pictures to the concerned person directly. It is easy to carry and keep us in touch with the whole world all the time. It is very useful in journey an emergency. It helps a lot when a person faces hardships or trouble on his way. He can easily and readily inform his friends and relatives with the help of this wonderful gadget.

“Home is where the hear is, but today, the Phone is where the hear is!!!” – (Rachitha Cabral)

It is also very useful in trade, business and commerce. Banks and different economic organizations are providing various facilities to their customers through the mobile phone. It helps them to check their balance and transfer their deposits without wasting time. It has connected the business community throughout the world.

Business can inquire about the prices of goods produced in distant part of the world. They can remove business misunderstandings and doubts readily through a mobile call.

Inspite of a number of advantages of a mobile phone, there are also a few drawbacks if its careless usage.

First, the mobile phone is creating the snob culture in the society. Especially, youngsters have a craze for new models of mobile phones. They waste money and time on its careless usage.

Second , the mobile is also very effectively used in immoral and criminal activities. Criminals use it in unlawful acts like robbery, dcoity, kidnapping, hijacking, terrorism, etc.

Third , some people use it during driving and face severe accidents.

Four , its loud bells disturb the peaceful atmosphere f mosques, churches, libraries class rooms and hospitals.

Fifth , it is misused to disturb others with missed calls and non-sense messages.

“You’d be surprised how difficult it is relinquish a cell phone.” – (Adrien Brody)

Because of its importance in the modern age, the mobile phone is getting popular very fastly. Millions of people use it  daily. Hundreds of latest models of mobiles are introduced every year. Several cellular companies have setup their networks in Pakistan. They offer various functions and facilities to their subscribers at the lowest possible rates put of their competition. No doubt, a mobile phone is very useful if it is used properly and wisely.

Essay on Mobile Phone Advantages and Disadvantages for FSC 2nd Year

The mobile phone is also called “ cell phone ”. It is a transmitter and receiver combined in one unit. It works like a portable or cordless telephone Cell phones have become very popular with the masses in this era.

The number of cell phone users is increasing each year. In the beginning, the prices of mobile phones were fairly high. Only a small group of big businesspersons could enjoy mobile phone services. Then eventually, the providers reduced the prices of cell phones and network access. Thus, cell phone services achieved a great commercial success.

Advantages of Using Mobile Phone

The mobile phones have revolutionized life. They have proved to be very useful and beneficial. They ensure quick communication. They are performing wonders in the field of business, culture, trade and commerce. They have sped up productivity. People can contact each other whenever they want and wherever they are.

“To be happy in the world , first you need a cell phone, and then you need an airoplane, then you are truly a wireless. – (Ted Turner)”

The mobile phones have improved safety of people. Earlier people could contact police and other security officials only on wire-based phones. But if the wire was disconnected, the communication could be prevented. And such kind of disconnection in telecommunication could result in serious damage. But now no such obstacle could hamper the quick communication between the public and security officials. Now, people feel safe at home, on the road or in deserts.

The mobile phones have made life easy and pleasant. People call in the doctors or technicians on will. They have not to go out in search of these persons. Sitting at home, they get their things repaired, meals served and things are done. This also saves their time and thus makes life comfortable.

Disadvantages of Mobile Phone

Though the advantages of mobile phones are many, their faults are not few in numbers.

Mobile phones are an obvious cause of time-wastage. Usually, people are seen busy with playing games, listening music, using the internet, sending messages and chatting for hours on cell phones, which is not good for health and also not good morally. Mobile phones have affected adversely our youth. The young students instead of paying heed to their studies fall victim to the charms of mobile phones and waste their time in useless activities.

“I thought the invention of mobile phone was to save our time and money, but we are doing exactly the opposite.”

The fatal effect of cell phones on your youth is that they are being derailed from the virtuous path of life. They are falling prey to moral corruption. For whom are the free mobile-service-packages after midnight? Are they meant for businessmen, traders or doctors? No, everyone is asleep at this hour of the night except the devil disciples. Moral decline, illicit love and the revolt from our cultural traditions are the only outcomes of all such mobile-service-packages.

Mobile cells have become a definite cause of lawlessness. The unregistered mobile connections have given rise to criminal activities in society. At least 50% of crimes would come to a close if only the unregistered mobile connections are cut off. Seneca, a Roman philosopher says:

“He who does not prevent a crime when he can, encourages it.”

Mobile phones are also a cause of noise pollution. The loud ring tones disturb the public. The mobile calls divert the attention of doers from their real focus. None could do his job with full heed if the mobile phone is not switched off. The Government should force the public to keep their mobiles on the silent profile to prevent noise pollution.

Mobile phones have caused an undue burden on the economy of the country. A huge portion of foreign exchange is being spent on the import of mobile phones.This affects the productivity and usefulness of foreign exchange.

After discussing advantages and disadvantages of using mobile phones in the above discussion it reveals the fact that mobile phones are a boon only for those who are in real need of them i.e businessmen, doctors, traders etc. But they are a curse for the poor people and especially the youth students because they are wasting their time and money.

Essay on Mobile Phone is important from the point of view of Examination of different classes. However, students can also visit Science, an Enemy of Man Essay.

• More In English Essays

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One comment.

Imtiaz ahmed

February 22, 2022 at 1:46 pm

Thank you very much very nice essay on mobile phones advantages and disadvantages

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Writing II for 2nd Year EFL Student Teachers

2015, Curriculum & Instruction Dept., Faculty of Education, Assiut University

PREFACE Writing is a very important skill that should be mastered properly by university students, especially pre-service language teachers (e.g. EFL student teachers). In order to present their ideas efficiently in the context of their academic study, they have to be trained well on how to write meaningful pieces (e.g. essays, academic reports, summaries, critical reviews, etc.). Moreover, writing is an important skill that prospective English language teachers need to develop during their pre-service education (training) programmes. Course information based on new regulations (college bylaws, recently modified in 2013): Level: 2nd, year- 1st Semester Course Title: Writing (2) Code: Curr213 Number of Units: -Lecture (Theoretical Study): 1 hour -Workshops (Practical Sessions): 2 hours -Total: 3 hours Major: BA in Arts and Education (English Section) This Writing II course to 2nd-year EFL student teachers complements - and builds on - the Writing I course studied in the previous year by fresh student teachers. It gradually takes student teachers further from the basic mechanical writing skills studied in Writing I at the sentence and paragraph writing levels, into the more advanced essay writing process. Thus, it aims mainly to foster EFL student teachers’ essay writing skills, and help them to identify different ways, strategies and/or techniques used for writing a standard English essay (e.g. a comprehensive five-paragraph essay). In this regard, it provides many examples, samples and illustrations of how to write different types of essays, and how to use various techniques to develop paragraphs, and thus explore, reinforce and develop the main topic. More specifically, by the end of the course, EFL student teachers are expected to be able to: 1. Identify an English essay and its main components; 2. Write an English essay accurately and adequately; 3. Identify a topic paragraph in an essay; 4. Write a topic paragraph (and topic sentences or thesis) in an essay; 5. Identify different genres and types of essays; 6. Write different types of essays (e.g. expository, academic, descriptive, and narrative); 7. Practice essay writing skills (e.g. pre-writing strategies such as brainstorming and free writing; summarizing and skimming skills; developing ideas in paragraphs; providing sufficient/supporting details; drafting/redrafting; reflection and revision; electronic writing skills, etc.); and 8. Identify different genres of essays online (e.g. fiction and literature; factual and realistic pieces; functional products; expository essays; reflective diaries; and academic essays) Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs): 1.1 Knowledge & Understanding: 1.1.9 The student teacher recognizes the difference between the paragraph, the composition and the essay. 1.1.10 The student teacher recognizes the various modes and genres of writing, such as comparing and contrasting, cause and effect, argumentative and expository writing. 1.1.11 The student teacher recognizes how to revise and edit essays and check them for unity, order and coherence. 1.1.15 The student teacher recognizes the difference between translating the text and the context and the various stylistic devices used in social, political, medical and cultural contexts. 1.2 Intellectual Skills: 1.2.6 The student teacher produces various writing genres (explanatory, expository, descriptive and narrative) accurately and fluently. 1.2.7 The student teacher initiates and terminates paragraphs or essays accurately. 1.2.8 The student teacher uses the process and product approach to writing paragraphs and/or essays. 1.2.9 The student teacher achieves unity and coherence in his/her writing through various devices. 1.2.10 The student teacher determines the audience or the purpose of an intended writing piece. 1.2.11 The student teacher prepares writing in a format (e.g. oral presentation, manuscript, and multimedia) appropriate to audience and purpose. 1.2.12 The student teacher revises and/or edits paragraphs and/or essays. 1.3 Professional Skills: 1.3.1 The student teacher enjoys English as an international means of communication. 1.3.2 The student teacher feels that learning English facilitates travelling abroad and communicating with native speakers. 1.3.5 The student teacher thinks that studying English dispels self-consciousness. 1.3.6 The student teacher thinks that English is a worthwhile subject. 1.4 General Skills: 1.4.1 The student teacher responds to specific situations and current conditions when implementing instructions. 1.4.2 The student teacher responds to the ideas and opinions of other speakers thoughtfully before uttering. 1. Lecturing 2. Discussion 3. Collaborative learning 4. Blended learning 5. Online learning 3- Teaching and Learning Methods 1. Online tutorials 2. Private interviews 3. Self-paced learning 4- Teaching and Learning Methods for Low Learners 5- Evaluation: Both forms of evaluation (i.e. formative and summative) are employed with student teachers throughout the whole semester. Writing tasks in workshops; oral/written presentations; formative assessment in workshops; and discussion in lectures a) Tools -Provisional scores are assigned for each student teacher every week in each workshop based on certain tasks. -A final total score is assigned for each one by the end of the semester based on total performance in both lectures and workshops. -Some time is devoted to online interactions with tutors and among student teachers themselves outside the frame of the formal schedule (e.g. a Facebook group or an online Blog). b) Time Schedule • Semester work + Oral production: 20 marks • Final semester exam: 80 marks • Total: 100 marks c) Grading System

Related Papers

Curriculum & Instruction Dept., Faculty of Education, Assiut University

Dr Mahmoud M S Abdallah

PREFACE Writing is a very important skill that should be mastered properly by university students, especially pre-service language teachers (e.g. EFL student teachers). In order to present their ideas efficiently in the context of their academic study, they have to be trained well on how to write meaningful pieces (e.g. essays, academic reports, summaries, critical reviews, etc.). In addition, junior EFL student teachers need to delve deeper into more advanced forms of writing such as multi-genre writing. Also, they need to recognise the wide range of writing areas, forms, possibilities and chances enabled online by the web technologies. Moreover, writing is an important skill that prospective English language teachers need to develop during their pre-service education (training) programmes. They need to write accurately and coherently to present their ideas in a clear and acceptable academic format. They badly need this while doing their assignments, submitting their study reports and answering essay questions in literature, civilisation and language history courses, for example. Course information based on new regulations (college bylaws, recently modified in 2013): Level: 3rd Year- 2nd Semester Course Title: Writing (3) Code: Curr327 Number of Units: -Lecture (Theoretical Study): 1 hour -Workshops (Practical Sessions): 2 hours -Total: 3 hours Major: BA in Arts and Education (English Section) This Writing III course to junior EFL student teachers complements - and builds on - the Writing II course studied in the previous year by 2nd-year EFL student teachers. It gradually takes student teachers further into more advanced essay writing genres, types and processes. Like the Writing II course, it also aims mainly to foster EFL student teachers’ essay writing skills by helping them to identify different ways, strategies and/or techniques used for writing a standard English essay (e.g. a comprehensive five-paragraph essay). In this regard, it provides many examples, samples and illustrations of how to write different types of essays, and how to use various online techniques and strategies to develop paragraphs, and thus explore, reinforce and develop the main topic. More specifically, by the end of the course, junior EFL student teachers are expected to be able to: 1. Identify an English essay and its main components; 2. Write an English essay accurately and adequately; 3. Identify a topic paragraph in an essay; 4. Write a topic paragraph (and topic sentences or thesis) in an essay; 5. Identify and use multi-genre writing for different purposes; 6. Identify the common errors that people sometimes make while writing; 7. Continue writing and practicing different types of essays (e.g. expository, academic, descriptive, and narrative essays); 8. Practice some online writing skills (e.g. using new technologies - such as social networks - to fulfill some real literacy needs; sharing ideas online; write reflectively online; and give appropriate feedback to others online); 9. Identify different forms/types of online writing facilitated by some web technologies (e.g. reflective writing, collaborative writing and connective writing); 10. Write accurately based on some writing standards and/or guidelines; and 11. Write pragmatically and functionally based on some real needs and common goals. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs): 1.1 Knowledge & Understanding: 1.1.9 The student teacher recognizes the difference between the paragraph, the composition and the essay. 1.1.10 The student teacher recognizes the various modes and genres of writing, such as comparing and contrasting, cause and effect, argumentative and expository writing. 1.1.11 The student teacher recognizes how to revise and edit essays and check them for unity, order and coherence. 1.1.15 The student teacher recognizes the difference between translating the text and the context and the various stylistic devices used in social, political, medical and cultural contexts. 1.2 Intellectual Skills: 1.2.6 The student teacher produces various writing genres (explanatory, expository, descriptive and narrative) accurately and fluently. 1.2.7 The student teacher initiates and terminates paragraphs or essays accurately. 1.2.8 The student teacher uses the process and product approach to writing paragraphs and/or essays. 1.2.9 The student teacher achieves unity and coherence in his/her writing through various devices. 1.2.10 The student teacher determines the audience or the purpose of an intended writing piece. 1.2.11 The student teacher prepares writing in a format (e.g. oral presentation, manuscript, and multimedia) appropriate to audience and purpose. 1.2.12 The student teacher revises and/or edits paragraphs and/or essays. 1.3 Professional Skills: 1.3.1 The student teacher enjoys English as an international means of communication. 1.3.2 The student teacher feels that learning English facilitates travelling abroad and communicating with native speakers. 1.3.5 The student teacher thinks that studying English dispels self-consciousness. 1.3.6 The student teacher thinks that English is a worthwhile subject. 1.4 General Skills: 1.4.1 The student teacher responds to specific situations and current conditions when implementing instructions. 1.4.2 The student teacher responds to the ideas and opinions of other speakers thoughtfully before uttering. 1. Lecturing 2. Discussion 3. Collaborative learning 4. Blended learning 5. Online learning 3- Teaching and Learning Methods 1. Online tutorials 2. Private interviews 3. Self-paced learning 4- Teaching and Learning Methods for Low Learners 5- Evaluation: Both forms of evaluation (i.e. formative and summative) are employed with student teachers throughout the whole semester. Writing tasks in workshops; oral/written presentations; formative assessment in workshops; and discussion in lectures a) Tools -Provisional scores are assigned for each student teacher every week in each workshop based on certain tasks. -A final total score is assigned for each one by the end of the semester based on total performance in both lectures and workshops. -Some time is devoted to online interactions with tutors and among student teachers themselves outside the frame of the formal schedule (e.g. a Facebook group or an online Blog). b) Time Schedule • Semester work + Oral production: 20 marks • Final semester exam: 80 marks • Total: 100 marks c) Grading System Course Instructor: Dr Mahmoud M. S. Abdallah Associate Professor of Curriculum & Instruction of English Language Learning Assiut University College of Education

Curriculum & Instruction Dept., Faculty of Education, Assiut University, Egypt

Table of Contents 1 CHAPTER ONE 3 EXPOSITORY WRITING 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Main Characteristics and Features of Expository Writing 5 1.3 Why to Teach Expository Writing? 6 1.4 Guidelines for Writing Expository Essays 7 definition| example| compare and contrast| cause and effect | classification | process analysis 12 1.5 Examples of Expository Writing 14 1.6 Real Samples 19 Mosharafa 29 1.7 Reflections and Ideas for Workshops 36 CHAPTER TWO 38 ACADEMIC WRITING 38 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 Academic Document Types 39 2.3 Features of Academic Writing 40 2.4 The Process of Academic Writing: Writing an Academic Essay 48 2.5 Real Samples 54 2.6 Reflections and Ideas for Workshops 66 CHAPTER THREE: FUNCTIONAL-PRAGMATIC WRITING 68 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 Why and How Do We Write Functionally and Pragmatically? 69 3.3 Types of Functional-Pragmatic Writing Products 72 3.4 What Are the Key Requirements of Functional Writing? 73 CHAPTER FOUR 76 FUNCTIONAL-WRITING PRODUCTS 76 4.1 Introduction 76 4.2 Letters/E-mails (Formal and Informal) 77 4.3 Reports 84 4.4 Diary Entries 87 4.5 Memorandum (memo) 92 4.6 Note Taking 96 4.7 Curriculum Vitae (CV) 100 4.8 Written Explanations 102

Shaimaa Alkhuly

Monograph Thesis

Tomás Mateus

The present study is an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of explicit instruction of discourse connectors upon learners‘ written production or writing proficiency. A vast majority of 2nd year students at ISPH (Instituto Superior Politécnico da Huíla), more often than not, tend to underuse, overuse, and misuse discourse connectors in their pieces of writing. As a consequence, there tend to have no cohesion or coherence in their pieces of writing. To this end, 30 Information Technology and Computer Science Engineering EFL students with the age range above 15 up to 30 were selected at ISPH. Strictly speaking, 26 of them were males and 3 were females. Then two writing tests (a pre-test and a post-test) were employed in the present study: A pre-test to assess their prior knowledge and use of discourse connectors, and a post-test to measure students‘ writing proficiency after the explicit instruction of discourse connectors. Thus, these tests entailed two groups (the control and experiential groups): the control group received no explicit instruction on discourse connectors, whereas students in the experimental group received an explicit treatment on discourse connectors. Thus, results indicated that the students in the control group encountered several difficulties in using them. In contrast, the students in the experimental group (who received explicit instruction on discourse connectors) proved that they had a quite good command of them in their writing. Thus, the study concluded that explicit instruction of discourse connectors should be encouraged as a condition or means to develop students‘ writing proficiency and to avoid lack of cohesion or coherence in their pieces of writing.

hurrium sabah

International Education Studies

Akiko Nagao

This study examined the progress of English as a foreign language (EFL) writers using the instructional framework of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and the communities of practice (CoPs) model. The study participants comprised 11 first-year undergraduate students in Japan with intermediate-level English proficiency who were exposed to SFL in a single EFL classroom (CoP). The participants’ genre understanding and meaning-making decisions when writing discussion essays were studied over two semester-long courses. To do so, their developmental changes were analyzed using pre- and post-instructional writing tasks. In particular, their ability to convey interpersonal meaning, such as through the use of modal verbs, was examined and compared between the pre- and post-tasks. To triangulate the findings, participants’ genre awareness in relation to discussion essays was also examined using in-depth qualitative analysis of their self-reflective texts and peer assessments, based on a grounded theory approach. In the pre-writing task, it was apparent that the learners lacked understanding of the components of discussion essay writing. However, analysis of their post-instructional tasks revealed that most had begun to apply the language components required to convey interpersonal meaning in their discussion genre texts. These results suggest that the changes in learner’s genre awareness and knowledge affected the lexicogrammatical features they used when writing discussion essays. Thus, this study concludes that applying the SFL framework to writing instruction enhanced EFL learners’ awareness of textual meaning and their understanding of the function of discussion essay texts.

Preface TEFL/TESOL Methodology 2 for Senior EFL Student Teachers is a teaching guide that is intended to complement (and build on) the previous TEFL/TESOL Methodology 1 course. In particular, it aims at acquainting senior (4th-year) EFL student teachers with the knowledge and skills required for teaching English as a foreign language at Egyptian schools, with specific reference to secondary schools. It explores important issues and emergent language-learning problems, such as: ‘how to deal with secondary-stage students, and help them to learn language effectively’; ‘how to manage the classroom’; ‘how to use and employ situated language learning scenarios/tasks’; ‘how to employ Facebook and other social media for a variety of language learning/teaching purposes’; 'Assessment & English language testing'; how to develop students' writing skills; and how to use fun in English language teaching. Course Specifications English Language Teaching Methods (2) or "TEFL/TESOL Methodology 2" 1- Course Details: Level: 4th year (1st semester) Course Title: English Language Teaching Methods (2) Code: CURR411 No. of Units: Lecture (2 hours) Practical Sessions/Workshops (1 hour) Major: Bachelor of Arts & Education (English Section) Student teachers are expected to analyze the major theories and principles behind the methods, techniques, and strategies that would help them to teach language skills. 2- Aims: 3-Methods of Instruction • Lecturing • Discussion • Micro-teaching and practical workshops • Online learning Teaching and Learning Methods • Giving them special exercises and written assignment • Discussing their mistakes privately after class • Online learning (for gifted learners) • Reflective learning (for gifted learners) Teaching and Learning Methods for Low & Gifted Learners Evaluation: • Mid-term written test • Final- term written test • Oral presentations • Online reports a) Tools -A lecture every week, with each chapter/topic being covered either in one lecture or in two successive lectures depending on the length of each chapter -The last 2 weeks are allocated for revision - Mid-term exam week 7 -Final exam week 16 b) Time Schedule Semester work=25 Oral=25 Written exam=75 Total=125 c) Grading System List of References: Notes in Methods of TEFL/TESOL a- Course Notes - Abdallah, M. M. S. (2011). Teaching English as a Foreign Language from a New Literacy Perspective: A Guide for Egyptian EFL Student Teachers. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken, Germany. - Abdallah, M. M. S. (2016). TEFL/TESOL Methodology Two: A Guide for Egyptian Senior EFL Student Teachers. Assiut University College of Education, Egypt. -Shawer, S. (2007). The Complete Step by Step Guide to Test Design, Administration Scoring, Analysis, and Interpretation, Cairo: Dar El-Fekr El-Araby. b- Required Books (Text Books) Spotlight on Primary English Education Resources (SPEER) A Resource Text for Egyptian Primary English Educators, Supervisors and Teachers. Academy for Educational Development. 2002 Arab Republic of Egypt. Ministry of Education c- Reference Books English Teaching Forum; Arab World English Journal (AWEJ); TESOL Quarterly d- Periodicals

Ary Setya Budhi Ningrum

Realizing the importance of seeking the appropriate strategy in teaching and learning writing for the teacher as well as the students of English department, this book is designed. This book is developed in such a way to meet the basic challenges encountered by the teacher and the students of English department. This book was written based on classroom action research (CAR) findings dealing with equipping the teacher as well as the students of English department so as to have writing strategy that can ease and facilitate them to keep up with the course materials.

ABSTRACT: 'Teaching English as a Foreign Language from a New Literacy Perspective' is both a guide to Egyptian EFL student teachers, and a resource book for all EFL teacher educators teaching TESOL/TEFL Methodology. Along with the basic knowledge that EFL student teachers need, the book conveys my understanding of how TESOL/TEFL should be tackled within the Egyptian context in the light of the new literacy challenges imposed by the 21st century, and the subsequent new language learning and literacy theories. In addition, it tackles the main language azpects /skills from a new literacy perspective that recognises the important role of many Web-based facilities as online spaces for English learning and practice. The book can be an updated resource in the TESOL field that considers the new reality of English language learning that has been considerably shaped by the technological innovations and the subsequent new literacy practices that have recently come to the fore with the unprecedented influence of the Web in our life. Moreover, the book is the culmination of my theoretical and practical experience as a research er and teaching assistant in the field.

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