essay about learning second language

Learning a Second Language Essay

Language is one of the most important tools in our interaction with others. Without language, it is highly unlikely that the human civilization would have developed as it has over the millenniums. For most people, being able to communicate in one language is sufficient. This is especially so if the language is English, French or Germany, all of which are internationally recognized languages.

While it is true that one can be able to comfortably go through life with the knowledge of one language, the person greatly limits his/her potential. This is because there are many advantages to be gained from being proficient in more than one language. This paper shall argue that every person should learn at least one second language so as to reap the benefits that such an undertaking brings to the individual.

We live in a world that is slowly being turned into a global village as a result of advances in transport and communication. Through the process known as globalization, major integration of economies and cultures is becoming rife. In such a world, people are constantly being forced to interact with others who come from different cultural backgrounds.

While in some cases these people from different cultures share a language, there are many instances where there is a language difference. If one has learnt at least one additional language, there is a higher possibility that communication between the people from varying cultures will be possible. As such, acquisition of an additional language will assist in bringing about harmony in a multicultural society.

Scientific studies have proved that learning of a second language may result in the enhancement of the intellectual capabilities of an individual. As a result of learning a second language, a person’s performance in arithmetic as well as his reading skills is greatly increased. This improvement is attributed to the fact that learning a new language results in divergent thinking in the person.

The divergent thinking develops since learning a new language involves not only obtaining a new vocabulary but also learning a different manner of constructing thoughts. Considering the fact that a higher intellectual capability is desirable since it increases the chances of a person succeeding in life, everyone should learn an additional language.

Being proficient in more than one language can give a person an advantage when they are applying for a job. This is because an additional language increases the versatility of an individual therefore making him a greater asset to an organization. Some organizations specifically deal with clients who do not converse in English.

It will therefore be a huge benefit for the organization if it can have a person who can converse in the native language of the clients. Having the knowledge of an additional language can therefore result in the career development of the individual.

This paper set out to argue that everyone should learn an addition language. To reinforce this assertion, this paper has discussed the various merits that acquisition of an additional language can have to not only the individual but the society at large. This paper has demonstrates that learning an additional language can result in the creation of a more harmonious global society.

In addition to this, this paper has shown that learning a different language develops one’s mental ability making them better thinkers and also increasing the individual’s chances to develop their career. For this reasons, everyone should learn at least one second language.

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Bibliography

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Home » Tips for Teachers » Why Students Should Learn a Second Language for Future Success: Exploring the 7 Benefits

Why Students Should Learn a Second Language for Future Success: Exploring the 7 Benefits

In an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, understanding why students should learn a second language becomes crucial. This ability has transcended from being a simple asset to almost a necessity. For students at the crossroads of educational paths and future careers, mastering a second language unveils myriad opportunities, both personally and professionally.

Beyond the apparent benefit of enhanced communication abilities, bilingualism or multilingualism enriches learners’ cognitive capabilities, cultural understanding, and global awareness. It equips them with the tools not only to succeed in the global marketplace but also to navigate the complex tapestry of global cultures with empathy and insight.

The argument for incorporating second language learning into students’ curricula is compelling and multifaceted. Research consistently highlights the cognitive benefits, including improved problem-solving skills, enhanced memory, and increased attention span. Moreover, in the cultural dimension, it fosters a deeper understanding of and respect for diversity, preparing students to become global citizens. Professionally, bilingualism offers a competitive edge in the job market, where employers increasingly value the ability to communicate across cultural and linguistic barriers.

Really it depends from your needs and circumstances. In my professional experience, motivation is the only reason students will successfully learn a second language, either is business related, or a new boyfriend or an imminent trip. Some might say that the best language to… — ARTΞME (@StellaAmato4) January 17, 2024

As we delve into the benefits of acquiring a second language for students, we explore not only the practical advantages but also the profound impact it can have on their personal development and worldview. Learning a second language is more than an academic endeavor; it is a journey into understanding others and oneself, a bridge to the world, and a tool for shaping the future.

On this page, you will discover:

• Why Students Should Embrace Multilingualism →
• 7 Benefits Of Learning A Second Language →
• Best Languages to Learn After English →
• 15 Tips to Learn a Foreign Language →

Why Students Should Learn a Second Language — Embracing Multilingualism

Did you know that bilingual or multilingual individuals are often considered the brainiest bunch? Speaking more than one language opens up a world of cognitive advantages that go beyond just mastering new words. Imagine navigating through different cultural contexts with ease, your mind open to diverse perspectives and ideas. This adaptability not only enhances problem-solving skills but also fosters a sense of curiosity and open-mindedness.

Explore the transformative power of multilingualism and its impact by watching this enlightening video.

But here’s the real kicker: being bilingual isn’t just about speaking two languages. It’s like giving your brain a daily workout session! Processing two languages simultaneously keeps the mind sharp and agile, like a well-oiled machine. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals exhibit superior mental flexibility, longer attention spans, and sharper problem-solving abilities compared to their monolingual counterparts.

Bilingualism has even been hailed as a superhero in the fight against cognitive decline. Research suggests that the mental gymnastics involved in learning and using multiple languages can help stave off age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s and dementia. So not only are bilingual individuals smart now, but they’re also setting themselves up for a brighter, more vibrant future.

But perhaps the most magical aspect of bilingualism is its ability to shape the way we perceive the world. Languages aren’t just tools for communication; they’re windows into different cultures, histories, and ways of thinking. From unlocking ancient mysteries to connecting with people from all walks of life, bilingualism opens doors to endless possibilities.

7 Benefits Of Learning A Second Language

For students, learning a foreign language holds immense benefits, contributing to their academic success, personal growth, and future career prospects.

1. Increase in Self-Confidence and Happiness

The journey of mastering a new language is a profound booster of self-confidence and overall happiness for students. This process not only involves acquiring new vocabulary and grammar but also overcoming challenges and stepping out of one’s comfort zone. The sense of achievement that comes from being able to communicate in a foreign language is immense.

Research from the University of Cambridge highlights how language learning enhances self-efficacy, leading to a more positive life outlook. Similarly, findings by the Institute for Employment Studies demonstrate notable improvements in well-being, particularly in self-confidence and happiness. This uplift in self-esteem is crucial; it transcends linguistic accomplishments, empowering students to tackle broader academic and personal challenges with increased confidence and resilience.

In an insightful talk, Ellen highlights the unifying power of language and urges everyone to embrace learning a new language as a way to expand their horizons—watch her inspiring video.

Moreover, the positive feedback loop created by increased self-confidence and happiness encourages continued language learning and engagement with other cultures. It can spark a lifelong passion for exploration, both intellectually and geographically, leading to more fulfilling personal and professional lives. In this way, the benefits of language learning extend far beyond the classroom, impacting students’ well-being, social connections, and outlook on life in profound and lasting ways.

Explore the importance of mental health in education through “ 8 Reasons Why Students Should Have Mental Health Days: A Research-Based Analysis .” This detailed article provides research-backed insights into the necessity of mental health days for students’ well-being and academic achievement, advocating for their inclusion in educational policies.

2. Enhanced Decision-Making Skills

The transformative process of enhancing decision-making skills through second language learning reshapes how students evaluate information and make choices, illustrating why students should learn a second language. The University of Chicago’s research underscores the significant shift in cognitive processing when thinking in a foreign language, leading to more logical and less emotionally biased decisions.

This cognitive distance allows for clearer judgment and more rational evaluation of scenarios, which is particularly advantageous in complex and high-stakes academic settings. As students navigate their educational paths, they often face decisions that require weighing different options and outcomes. The ability to detach from immediate emotional responses and analyze situations with objectivity becomes a powerful tool in their arsenal.

Discover how the over 7,000 languages worldwide might shape our perception of the world through the lens of the Whorfian hypothesis, which suggests our language influences our thoughts, visions, and understanding of our surroundings—explore this fascinating concept by watching the video.

Moreover, this skill transcends academic environments and prepares students for real-world challenges. In personal and professional spheres, the clarity and rationality honed through bilingual decision-making processes contribute to sound financial planning, strategic career moves, and effective conflict resolution. The practice of thinking in a second language cultivates a mindset that values careful consideration and foresight, attributes that are invaluable in a rapidly changing world.

As students become more adept at making decisions in a second language, they also develop a greater awareness of cultural nuances and perspectives, further enriching their decision-making capabilities. This comprehensive enhancement of cognitive and cultural competence equips students with a robust framework for navigating life’s myriad choices with confidence and wisdom.

3. Strengthened Brain Power and Attention Span

Bilingualism acts as a rigorous workout for the brain, significantly enhancing cognitive abilities and attentional control. Engaging with multiple languages fosters neural plasticity, strengthening the brain’s networks and improving its agility. This cognitive reinforcement is manifest in enhanced memorization skills and a more robust working memory, foundational elements for academic excellence.

Students who are bilingual demonstrate an ability to retain and manipulate information more effectively than their monolingual peers, facilitating learning across all subjects. The mental discipline required to switch between languages also enhances students’ focus and attention span. This increased capacity for concentration is invaluable in an educational landscape filled with distractions and multitasking demands.

Discover the fascinating changes that occur in the brain during language learning through scans and neuroscience studies by watching this insightful video.

The benefits of strengthened brain power and attention span extend beyond academic achievements. They contribute to a student’s ability to engage in sustained intellectual efforts, pursue long-term goals, and navigate complex problem-solving tasks. Enhanced cognitive function supports deep learning, enabling students to absorb knowledge more thoroughly and apply it creatively.

Moreover, the discipline of managing attention across different languages translates into improved self-regulation skills, equipping students to better control their focus and direct it towards productive activities. In a world where attention is a scarce commodity, the ability to concentrate and maintain focus is a significant advantage, preparing students for success in both their personal and professional lives.

Dive into the world of intellectual expansion and lifelong learning by reading our article on the 30+ best higher education podcasts.

4. Cultural Understanding

Delving into a new language is tantamount to unlocking a door to a vast array of cultural experiences, perspectives, and understandings. This immersive journey into another culture enhances students’ empathy, broadens their worldview, and fosters a deep appreciation for diversity.

The nuanced insights gained through language study allow students to grasp the complexity of cultural identities and the ways in which language shapes thought and behavior. This cultural competence is critical in today’s globalized society, where cross-cultural interactions are commonplace. By gaining an intimate understanding of different cultures, students are equipped to navigate these interactions with sensitivity and respect.

Watch Grant Cho delve into whether language acts as a barrier or a bridge, exploring its challenges, importance, and role in communication, culture, and identity.

Moreover, the ability to communicate in another language opens up access to a wealth of cultural artifacts—literature, film, music, and more—that enrich students’ educational experiences and personal growth. This exposure to diverse cultural expressions not only enhances students’ understanding of the world but also inspires creativity and innovation.

Cultural understanding fosters an inclusive mindset, crucial for building cohesive societies and working effectively in multicultural teams. In cultivating global citizens, language education plays a pivotal role, in preparing students to contribute positively to a world that values diversity and mutual respect.

5. Improved Academic Performance

The cognitive enhancements brought about by bilingualism have a profound impact on students’ academic performance. The problem-solving skills, creative thinking, and multitasking abilities that are honed through language learning contribute to success across various academic disciplines.

Research has shown that bilingual students often outperform their monolingual counterparts on standardized tests, particularly in areas requiring analytical and abstract thinking. The ability to approach problems from different linguistic and cultural perspectives enriches students’ analytical capabilities, leading to more innovative solutions and a deeper understanding of academic material.

Discover the advantages of a bilingual brain by watching this video that explores the remarkable cognitive benefits of being bilingual.

The benefits of improved academic performance extend beyond test scores and grades; they include enhanced ability to synthesize information, argue effectively, and engage in critical thinking. Language learning encourages an interdisciplinary approach to education, where students apply linguistic skills to analyze texts, solve mathematical problems, and conduct scientific research.

This broad applicability of language skills fosters a versatile academic foundation, enabling students to excel in diverse fields of study. By investing in language education, students not only boost their immediate academic prospects but also lay the groundwork for lifelong learning and intellectual curiosity.

Delve into “ 7 Research-Based Reasons Why Students Should Not Have Homework: Academic Insights, Opposing Perspectives & Alternatives ” to gain an informed viewpoint on the homework debate, presenting alternative strategies to improve student learning.

6. Expanded Career Opportunities

In the context of globalization, the question of “should students learn a second language” becomes pertinent, as the ability to speak a second language provides students with a competitive edge in a wide range of industries, marking it as a significant asset in the job market. The Eton Institute’s survey underscores the high-value employers place on multilingual skills, with a clear preference for hiring bilingual candidates.

This preference is due to the versatility and cross-cultural communication skills bilingual individuals bring to the workplace, enabling companies to expand their global reach and connect with a diverse customer base. Bilingual employees often enjoy higher salaries, more job opportunities, and the potential for international travel and assignments, reflecting the premium placed on language skills in the global economy.

Watch this Creative Multilingualism video to see how languages shape identity and play a crucial role in crafting a career path that resonates with young individuals.

Furthermore, the soft skills developed through language learning—such as adaptability, cultural sensitivity, and problem-solving—are increasingly sought after in today’s workforce. These skills enable individuals to navigate the complexities of international business, foster collaborative relationships, and innovate within multicultural teams.

For students, learning a second language is not merely an academic achievement; it is an investment in their future careers, opening doors to opportunities in diplomacy, international business, education, technology, and more. In an ever-more interconnected world, bilingualism is not just a skill but a gateway to a myriad of professional possibilities and a more fulfilling career path.

7. Better Cognitive Abilities

The process of acquiring proficiency in a new language involves complex cognitive activities: recognizing, interpreting, and generating meaning within an entirely different linguistic framework. Such mental gymnastics not only enhance your linguistic capabilities but also amplify your problem-solving skills across various domains. The challenge of navigating through a new language system stimulates cognitive flexibility, improving your ability to discern and manipulate abstract concepts in other contexts as well.

Research from the University of Edinburgh corroborates the cognitive advantages associated with bilingualism. Individuals fluent in more than one language consistently outperform their monolingual counterparts in standardized assessments covering a wide spectrum of areas including reading comprehension, mathematical reasoning, vocabulary, and more. This cognitive edge translates into more effective learning and comprehension across a diverse array of academic subjects.

Discover if being bilingual can enhance your intelligence by watching this video on the cognitive benefits of speaking multiple languages. Unlock the secrets to a sharper mind and broader perspectives through the power of linguistic diversity.

In conclusion, learning a foreign language offers numerous benefits beyond just linguistic proficiency. From personal growth to professional advancement, language acquisition enriches lives and opens doors to new, exciting opportunities in an increasingly interconnected global world.

Best Languages to Learn After English

Choosing the right language to learn after English hinges on identifying your personal motivations and objectives. Whether you’re driven by the challenge of mastering a linguistically diverse language, seeking practical benefits by learning one of the world’s most spoken languages, or aiming for specific academic or professional goals, understanding your “why” is crucial.

This foundation not only makes the selection process straightforward but also ensures sustained motivation and progress, even when faced with obstacles. Additionally, it’s essential to weigh the potential difficulties and time commitments associated with your chosen language, as these factors significantly influence your learning journey.

Explore the top languages to learn for enhancing your work, study, travel, and retirement abroad by watching this informative video.

With its origins tracing back to the 16th century, Spanish has evolved into a global powerhouse, spoken by 543 million people worldwide, ranking it fourth globally after English, Chinese, and Hindi, and second in terms of native speakers, trailing only Chinese. It enjoys official language status in 18 Latin American countries and Equatorial Guinea, boasting the largest number of speakers in Mexico (120 million) and surprisingly, the United States (59 million), surpassing even Spain itself in Spanish-speaking population.

Similar languages: Italian, Portuguese, French

Why learn Spanish?

• Travel: Dominating Latin America, Spanish allows for rich cultural experiences across an entire subcontinent where it’s often the sole language spoken.
• Education: Spanish-speaking countries offer affordable higher education options, with public university fees ranging from $809 to $2,697, and countries like Argentina even offering free education to foreigners.
• StudySpanish.com : Offers extensive materials covering grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and more.
• Language Transfer : A podcast-based Spanish course.
• Easy Spanish : A YouTube channel delving into Spanish language and life in Spanish-speaking countries.

German claims official status in six countries (Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Belgium), with 76 million native speakers. It’s the second most widespread language in Europe and globally counts almost 135 million speakers, with an additional 15 million learners worldwide.

Similar languages: Dutch, Afrikaans

Why learn German?

• Education: A compelling reason to learn German is the offer of free education at state universities (excluding Baden-Württemberg), requiring only a nominal semester fee. Although English-taught programs are available, they are not universally offered across all fields and levels.
• Career: Proficiency in German significantly enhances career prospects, especially in high-demand fields such as IT, engineering, economics, architecture, and nursing. The unemployment rate for foreigners is notably low, and recent policy changes have made it easier for non-German residents to find employment.
• Deutsche Welle : Provides a variety of videos and podcasts for German learners.
• Deutsch Online : A resource-rich platform offering materials for different proficiency levels.
• vhs-Lernportal : Free courses available for levels A1 to B2, catering to a range of learners.

15 Tips to Learn a Foreign Language

Mark Manson, renowned for his insightful blogging and authorship, delves into the intricacies of language learning with practical advice that resonates with learners across the globe. His approach, characterized by directness and efficacy, dismantles the conventional barriers often encountered in the journey to mastering a new language. Here’s a breakdown of his pivotal tips:

Unlock the secrets to mastering a new language with ease by watching the video featuring 7 essential tips for language learners.

Useful Resources

• Anyone Can Learn a New Language
• The benefits of being bilingual: Working memory in bilingual Turkish–Dutch children
• Top 10 Most Widely Used Languages in 2023

Final Thoughts

Understanding why students should learn a second language is crucial in today’s educational landscape. This journey not only opens up a world of opportunities but also fosters a broader perspective, enhanced cognitive abilities, and a deeper appreciation for the diversity that shapes our world. As such, the pursuit of bilingualism or multilingualism is not just beneficial but essential for students preparing to navigate and contribute to our increasingly globalized society.

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Simona Johnes is the visionary being the creation of our project. Johnes spent much of her career in the classroom working with students. And, after many years in the classroom, Johnes became a principal.

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These are the benefits of learning a second language

In the US, just 20% of students learn another language. Image:  REUTERS/Christian Hartmann

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Stay up to date:.

There are many advantages to learning a second language. Some are fairly obvious. If you find yourself lost in a foreign country, being able to express yourself clearly could help lead you to your destination. Similarly, if your job requires you to travel you may find it easier to vault language and cultural barriers.

But there are other benefits that are not so immediately apparent. For example, learning another language could improve your all-round cognitive ability. It could help hone your soft skills, and even increase your mastery of your mother tongue, too.

Some studies have apparently identified a link between being multilingual and fending off the onset of dementia . Others indicate that being able to speak more than one language can help you become better at multitasking in other aspects of your daily life, too.

Deciding on which additional language or languages to learn is often a matter of chance and personal preference. Maybe you have a parent or grandparent who is a native of another country, so you were brought up being able to speak their language. Perhaps your family regularly took vacations in a particular foreign country when you were a child and that sparked your interest. Or it could just be that you had a very engaging teacher who instilled in you a love for languages.

But deciding whether to learn one at all would appear to be determined more by your mother language than anything else. In short, native-born English speakers are far less likely to learn a second language than many other people.

In the US, just 20% of students learn a foreign language . Meanwhile, in parts of Europe that figure stands at 100%. Across the whole of Europe the median is 92%, and is at least 80% in 29 separate European countries investigated by Pew Research. In 15 of those 29, it’s 90% or more.

Down under, around 21% of people can use a second language , although only 73% of Australian households identified as English-speaking in the 2016 census. In Canada, only 6.2% of people speak something other than the country’s two official languages , English and French.

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These are the world’s most spoken languages, our language needs to evolve alongside ai. here's how, here's why we like some words more than others.

In the UK, fewer school students are studying languages to exam levels at ages 16 or 18. Since 2013, the numbers of studying a language at GCSE level – the end of secondary schooling examination taken by most 16-year-olds in England, Wales and Northern Ireland - have fallen between 30% and 50%. Scotland has its own exam system but the drop off in language study is comparable.

The UK has a long-standing tradition of teaching French and German at secondary school level, although not always with tremendous success: Brits are not famed for their multilingual skills. However, the popularity of both those languages has plummeted in UK schools. Less than 20 years ago, just 2,500 students were taking a language other than French, German, Spanish or Welsh – which is a mandatory curriculum requirement in Wales. But by 2017, according to numbers acquired by the BBC, that had shot up to 9,400.

Two languages that are growing in popularity in the UK are Spanish and Chinese, the BBC found. Chinese, of course, is the most widely spoken language in the world. However, in the online sphere it’s a close second to English. Online, English is used by 25.4% of people. For Chinese, it’s 19.3%. Both are way ahead of third-placed Spanish which is used by 8.1% of internet users.

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Why You Should Learn a Second Language and Gain New Skills

May 12, 2020

In The News

One of the most practical ways to make use of your spare time nowadays is to start learning a new skill. 

People who always succeed are those who are keen to learn something new every day - be it learning about other cultures or learning a second language.

At Middlebury Language Schools, we are strong advocates for the importance of mastering a second language. Both personally and professionally, being bilingual can bring you several advantages.

In this article, we will break down some of the benefits of learning a second language and why this skill is one of the most overlooked skills in the world.

LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE !

Why is it important to know more than one language

We live in a multilingual world, where connections are now more important than ever. The world is becoming increasingly globalized and knowing a second language can always give you an unfair advantage.

There are tangible benefits to being bilingual:

• It can help you in your career;
• It can improve your memory and brain functions;
• It can help increase your understanding of the languages you already speak.

A second language can drastically change your career. Living in an interconnected world means that more and more jobs are advertising positions where knowing more than one language is essential. 

As more companies trade internationally and create relationships with other countries, employees are often asked to travel for work, enhance these relationships, or be relocated abroad. 

Besides having more chances of landing a good job or advancing in your career, learning a second language can also give you an insight into other cultures. You will be more prepared and confident to travel the world and explore other people’s ways of living.

Lack of integration is a real problem for most countries. More often than not, this is due to the language barrier. People outside of their home countries end up being isolated, hanging out only with people from similar communities where their language is spoken. 

Learning a second language opens up the opportunity for being part of a community with a different culture, and learning more about the world around us. 

Did you know that being bilingual can also help you master your own language? For example, learning a new language with similar roots can help you learn other languages as well. Take Spanish , Italian , and French from one summer to the next!

LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR LANGUAGE PROGRAMS !

What are the benefits of learning a second language

As mentioned before, learning a new language is a wonderful benefit in a globalized world. Let’s have a look at some of the benefits of learning a second language.

1. It improves your memory

The more you use your brain to learn new skills, the more your brain’s functions work. Learning a new language pushes your brain to get familiar with new grammar and vocabulary rules. It allows you to train your memory to remember new words, make connections between them, and use them in contextual situations.

2. Enhances your ability to multitask

Time management and multitasking are two skills that will always help you. Multilingual people have the ability to switch between languages. Their ability to think in different languages and be able to communicate in more than one language helps with multitasking.

3. Improves your performance in other academic areas 

Fully immersing yourself in a language learning environment means not only learning the basics of that language. It means learning how to communicate in another language with your peers or participating in extracurricular activities in that specific language. 

What languages are the most useful to learn? Middlebury Language Schools recommends 3 of our 13 languages

Since 1915, Middlebury Language Schools has been one of the nation’s preeminent language learning programs. 

Whether you’re a beginning language learner or working toward an advanced degree, our time-tested programs offer a range of options and opportunities.

Taking the Language Pledge at Middlebury Language Schools means committing to communicate only in the language of your choice for the duration of the program. You will live, play, and learn in a 24/7 environment. 

We offer a wide range of languages you can choose from. Here are just a few of the languages we offer.

Due to many geopolitical reasons, the Russian language is not very closely related to English. It is a very challenging language to learn, with complex grammar and syntax rules. However, it is an extremely culturally and politically relevant language. 

At the School of Russian , you can experience the most effective method for rapid language acquisition. An immersion environment is a promise that you will read, write, speak, and listen only in Russian throughout the duration of the program. Some of the benefits of learning Russian at Middlebury Language Schools include interpreting poetry, learning about the culture, and mastering the Russian etiquette.

LEARN RUSSIAN !

Arabic has been one of our most popular languages. It is a high demand language because it can get you ahead in a government career, but also give you endless opportunities in business and international relations. 

Arabic is spoken by more than 300 million people and is one of the top 5 most spoken languages in the world. Learning Arabic as a second language can help you learn about the Arabic culture and religion. It not only gives you opportunities to expand your connections, but also offers great travel opportunities. 

A summer at the Arabic School will help you experience the immersive environment on campus. At Middlebury Language Schools, the focus is on Modern Standard Arabic, with optional Arabic language classes in dialects such as Egyptian, Syrian and Moroccan.

Check out our Arabic graduate programs and Arabic 8-week immersion program for more information.

LEARN ARABIC !

A lot of people agree that Spanish is one of the easiest languages to learn, due to the fact that you read words as they are written. Spanish is the most spoken language in the world after English and is used by more than 400 million people. 

Spanish skills can be a strong asset for communicating and creating relationships not only in Spain, but also in Latin America. 

At the Middlebury School of Spanish , you can engage your mind with topics of interest, from Spanish history to arts and cooking. 

Ready to learn Spanish? Check out Middlebury Language Schools’ 7-week immersion program or the graduate programs .

LEARN SPANISH !

Reminders on why you should learn a second language now

We have broken down the benefits of learning a second language and becoming bilingual in a highly globalized world. 

The truth is, learning new skills every day enhances all aspects of your life. By learning new skills, you can increase your career opportunities, find out more about the world around you, and be a better person overall.

We highly encourage you to start learning a new language as early in your life as possible. However, you are never too old to learn! The world moves fast, and we must keep up with the changes - by developing new skills, learning more about ourselves, and also, learning a new language!

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The benefits of learning a second language

by Jennifer Smith

Learning a new language takes time and dedication. Once you do, being fluent in a second language offers numerous benefits and opportunities. Learning a second language is exciting and beneficial at all ages. It offers practical, intellectual and many aspirational benefits

In today's world, there are over 7,000 languages, and learning at least one will help you in life massively. Although it has been proven that it is easier for children to learn a second language, it is certainly never too late to learn, and the benefits definitely reward the effort and dedication.

Whatever your age, being bilingual certainly has its advantages, especially in today's global society. Here are the top benefits of learning a second language:

Better job prospects

In today's business dominated society, being bilingual can only be an advantage and gives you a competitive edge when searching for jobs, or maintaining your current employment.

Companies who plan to expand into overseas market are constantly looking for bilingual staff, who of which are well-paid and receive excellent benefits, as they will ultiamtely give the company a huge competitive advantage.

By learning a second language, you will be indispensable at your place of work as you can easily bridge the cultural gap between the two countries, and those with the ability to speak a second language are more likely to find a job.

Brain health

Medical studies has shown the positive effects learning a second language has on the brain.

Studies showed that learning a second language significantly delayed the onset of many brain related diseases such as Alzheimer and dementia, compared to those who can only speak their native tongue.

Travel and leisure

Learning a new language opens up a world of new opportunities. If you choose to learn a commonly spoken language, such as Spanish, French or German, you can travel practically anywhere in the world and not have trouble with translations.

You can confidently go about your business and in another country and speak freely to locals and other travellers. You will have a much better experience as you can effectively communicate with much more people, which will ultimately open up your mind and put things into different perspectives regarding the different cultures of the world.

Improved first language

As we go about our everyday lives, we rarely give a second thought to our own grammatical structure and vocabulary. However, when learning a new language, many people find they have a greater understanding of their first language.

Learning a second language focuses your attention on the grammatical rules constructions of that language. This experience gives people a new insight into their own language and ultimately leads to them improving their mother tongue, which will improve their everyday lives.

Improved understanding of the world

Learning a new language gives you a greater global understanding of the world we live in. Even by learning a few phrases, never mind a whole language, you will access many fascinating cultures around the world and understand the differences between the two countries.

You will have access to a whole new array of film, music and literature, and a greater understanding of the history and culture of the nation and ultimately a better understanding of the way the world works, including politics and security.

Experience new cultures

The world is a cauldron of rich and interesting cultures. Learning a new language allows you to access many different cultures across the world.

You will have the chance to see fascinating new things from a new perspective, which not many people can, and connect with the new people all over the world.

Different culture has its own music, style, history, literature and many more interesting things which you will be able to enjoy and understand. You will be able to connect through books, TV, the internet and converse with a whole countries worth of people, ultimately broadening your horizons, interests and views. A whole new world will be open to you.

Achievement

Learning a new language is a an achievement anyone can be proud of and is extremely satisfying. Once the hard work and effort has paid off, you will experience the many benefits associated with learning a new language and you will have a new found confidence.

Learning a new language will open up our world in ways a monoglot would never have the chance of experiencing. Your mind will be constantly be engaged and you will gain an insight into many different cultures. Learning a second language also makes it easier to learn a third, which will certainly broaden your horizons.

Written by Jennifer Smith on behalf of Kwintessential , the translation specialists.

More information about how to improve brain function https://www.themanlyzone.com/naturally-improve-brain-function/

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Persuasive Essay: The Benefits of Learning a Second Language

Have you ever had this thought, “What will look good on my college application?” Most students have. There is one thing that can influence a college’s or company’s decision for the better about accepting or hiring a person, and this is by learning a second language. As people from other countries continue to immigrate into America, it is becoming more important than ever to learn a second language, even simply to appear more marketable and have something to set an applicant apart from their competitors. One of these benefits includes how great it looks on applications for just about anything. Others include the convenience when traveling, making new friends, improving the fluency of the speaker’s native language, having a type of a secret code among friends, and preventing Alzheimer’s. There are many reasons for knowing multiple languages that look good on applications. First, on college applications, it shows that the applicant is willing to devote time and energy into learning something. This in turn, will show the reviewer that you would be willing to work hard on college studies as well. On a job application it makes an employee more marketable because even if it is an employee at McDonald’s, there is always the possibility that a customer might not speak English. If you know this other language you would be able to communicate with the customer. Also focusing on the McDonald’s example, if an applicant and another potential employee had exactly the same qualifications the company would look for little things to set the two apart. The fact that you know another language is a huge achievement. That makes the person unique when compared to other candidates. Another reason is that many companies have sister companies in other parts of the world or do business with companies in other locations. Knowing the language of the other company’s country would make someone stand out in the sea of applicants. By knowing this language the applicant would be able to communicate with people from the company to solve problems. This could also increase the possibility to travel abroad to the location. One major part of learning a language is often being able to travel to a foreign country. Being able to speak the native language has many benefits in and of itself. When you travel to another country you are truly representing America. David Barry made this, “Americans who travel abroad for the first time are often shocked to discover that, despite all the progress that has been made in the last 30 years, many foreign people still speak in foreign languages.” By putting forth the effort to speak with people in their own language it shows that the traveler is doing their best to take care of themself in a different environment. The locals can see their effort and are more willing to help. It’s also good because this way the traveler can navigate, go to restaurants, and speak with the locals without the help of a friend or translator. Speaking to the locals is often a highlight of many people’s trips. It gives insight on a new way of life and can develop new friendships. It is easy to get to know people with whom we have much in common. These are people with whom we would most easily bond.. Now, what if these people spoke two entirely different languages? They may not even meet each other simply because they couldn’t understand each other. If one or both of them learned the other person’s language, they could create a lifetime friendship. Especially with social networking at an all-time high, the ability to converse with people from around the globe becomes easier each time a new website is created. Often times the creators learn other languages to help their website to appeal to people of other cultures. Many scholars, authors, artists, poets, and other people of professions that require an excellent grasp of their own language, study another language as well. This is often because learning another language helps to improve your English. For most people, the beauty of their own language is taken for granted because they have nothing to compare it to. When studying a foreign language students are able to see how the sentence structure differs from their own language as well as the vocabulary and conversational aspects. Often times, people are taken aback when studying languages such as French or Spanish due to how melodic the sentences sound. Or, as is the case with languages such as Chinese or Japanese, people are confused, but intrigued, at how the simple change in pitch can create a new word. The way that ideas are presented in other languages are often different than they are presented in English. Learning another language can help you to construct your sentences in a way that is more meaningful, creative, and precise than it would have otherwise been. With this, an author’s writing will become more fluid and will have an effect on more people. One fun reason to learn another language is that if the student has study it with a friend, both of you can converse without others knowing what you are saying. This is something that can be immensely helpful when speaking to family about private matters while out in public, or making important decisions in public. For example, a person may be making a large purchase, such as a car, and want to discuss some of its issues but you don’t want to have others eavesdropping. In this situation you could use your other language, especially if it is a language that not many people study, to talk to whoever came along with you. Eavesdropping is something that everyone does, but also something that everyone hates. This problem is easily avoided if the student studies a language that not many people study. Another way to help this is if you can find someone to study with. That, in and of itself, is encouragement. It keeps you accountable and learning with a friend is much more enjoyable. Did you know that there is an effective way to help the minds of you and your loved ones? An average of 1,252 people per day are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. With the astonishing numbers such as this one, about a million people are affected indirectly, at least, each day; Alzheimer’s disease is a real concern to most people. As may develop Alzheimer’s or another type of cognitive disorder as they age. Many studies have found that bilingual people, who begin to develop these types of disorders, although their physical condition may be similar, retain normal mental ability for much longer. Monolingual people begin suffering the effects much sooner. Although they both suffer, these studies suggest that it can prevent the onset Alzheimer’s for as long as a few years before it the disease takes its toll on their brain. This is because the part of your brain that it first affects is protected by the exercise you have provided it with. This “exercise” is how the brain keeps from meshing the two languages together in your mind. Learning this new language helps because it creates new neural pathways, the more neural pathways that are created, the more “backup” the brain has once the disease starts to have an effect. What many people don’t realize until it’s too late is that prevention is often preferable to the treatment. With so many benefits at the price of about an hour a day, it is shocking that more people are not learning new languages. Even those who already know a second language can only be benefited by the new knowledge of another language. People who live in a larger city, one which has a community of Chinese, Italian, or Hispanic population along with many others, have the advantage of being submerged in another language. By showing an interest in learning the language anyone can gain new friends, a healthier brain, a new secret code against the narrow minded, and a new skill to create an outstanding résumé. As an added bonus, studies show that the easiest way to learn a language is to immerse yourself in it. As students, increasing the number of skills to add to applications for college is crucial. It shows that the student is hardworking, well rounded, and has ambition. As difficult as learning a language can be, it is well worth the time, money, and energy spent on the endeavor.

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• April 8, 2024
• Education Advice

9 Benefits of Learning a Second Language

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With the English language being the world’s lingua franca, many English speakers may think it’s not necessary to learn a new one. They aren’t necessarily right. Learning a language never goes to waste. You can use it while in a new country to communicate with the locals so they can help you find your destination or to maybe feel at home after you moved there to teach English to non-English speakers . It can even help you in your job, and your business travels.

Knowing a second language means a whole new literature is in your hands. However, these aren’t the only benefits of learning a second language . There are many more. Here’s our list of nine of them.

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Why Is Learning a Second Language Important?

In today’s increasingly interdependent world, speaking a second language is an essential skill that gives you the ability to communicate and connect with people from all over the world in a quicker and more meaningful way. Connections are now more important than ever, considering the continual globalization of the world’s economy, and knowing a foreign language will always give you a significant advantage.

There are tangible benefits to being bilingual—it can improve your brain and memory functions, boost your creativity and self-esteem,  help in your career opportunities, as well as increase your understanding of the language you already speak. Read on to find out more about the benefits of learning a foreign language.

1. It Stimulates Your Brain

Learning a new language undoubtedly helps your gray matter grow . Acquiring a new language means that you’re going to learn a whole new set of rules of grammar and lexis (whether you find this part amusing or not). While your brain is trying to keep up with the new language’s complexities and take in the new patterns, new developments are happening in the brain. Just like muscles, the brain gets stronger and bigger the more you put it to use.

Nothing challenges the brain like learning a language does. Scientists have established that we use the left side of the brain when speaking our native language. Whereas, second language usage isn’t limited to a specific hemisphere. It uses both of them, increasing the size of the white and grey matter of the brain.

But that is not all; acquiring a new language also helps to stave off cognitive decline and mental aging. Recent research shows that multilingual adults experienced the first signs of Alzheimer’s and dementia at a later age compared to monolinguals. They also researched other variables like health, economic status, educational level, and gender, but none of them contributed as much as the number of languages that person spoke.

2. It Improves Your Attention Span

With the human attention span seemingly narrowing more and more every day, according to many studies, deciding to learn a new language may be the antidote to this situation.  Recent studies show that the average attention span of a person has reduced from twelve to eight seconds. Researchers suggest that learning a new language helps the brain maintain focus and block distractions . This is a result of regularly switching between languages.

When speaking, bilinguals or multilinguals are constantly switching between two or more languages in their head, and this juggling improves the brain’s ability to concentrate on one thing while ignoring other irrelevant information. As one study notes:

“The need to constantly control two languages confers advantages in the executive system, the system that directs cognitive processing. These effects have been demonstrated primarily using visual stimuli and are heightened in children and older adults. Specifically, bilinguals, relative to monolinguals, are better able to monitor conflicting sensory information and tune into a relevant stimulus or stimulus features amid irrelevant information, via a process known as inhibitory control.”

3. More Career Options to Choose From

We are living in a multicultural world; many companies are opening offices overseas to extend their market. So the need for bilingual candidates is greater than ever. By acquiring a foreign language, you will double the number of available jobs for you and climb the career ladder much faster.

In the highly competitive job market , employers are looking to hire someone who stands out from the rest of the candidates. Knowing a foreign language could help you be chosen among many other job applicants. Having a foreign language listed in your CV might be what a potential employer is looking for.

Also, nowadays, people who are proficient in more than one language are high in demand in the job market in all sectors and industries, as the employers consider them to be better communicators and problem solvers. Skills that one master by acquiring a second language.

4. It Boosts Your Creativity

Knowing a foreign language isn’t beneficial only to the brain; it also influences your level of creativity. As a person starts to learn a language, they get familiar with the culture of the place where that language is spoken. The more you learn about new cultures, the more you’ll look at the world around you from different perspectives. The change of views will make you more original, elaborate, and flexible—all qualities of being a creative person.

In addition, learning a new language forces your brain to put words together in creative ways, which stimulates your brain and boosts your creativity. This creativity will spill over into other aspects of your life too. Plus, experts say that being creative improves your well-being , And who are we to argue with experts?

5. It Improves Your First Language

One learns the mother tongue intuitively and without any formal education. Being raised in a society where a particular language is spoken, children start to pick up the language they hear.

However, learning another language is a whole different deal. From the beginning, you’ll get introduced to grammar, vocabulary, idioms, and sentence structure. As you learn more about the second language, you become more conscious of what you know in the first language. While before you couldn’t quite explain the abstract rules and language structure, learning a new language helps you put names to what you learned instinctively in the first language.

Furthermore, you become aware of the differences in structure, vocabulary, grammar, idioms, and sentence structure between the two languages. All of these factors improve comprehension and conversation and can make you better at your first language.

6. You Build Multitasking Skills

Not many people are good at multitasking. However, this often doesn’t apply to bilingual people. They are some of the most experienced when it comes to multitasking. Their brain has been practicing in switching from one language to the other daily. When the brain gets used to this demanding job of switching from one language to another, it isn’t difficult for them to use this skill in other tasks, too.

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A study done by the National Institutes of Health concluded that bilinguals switch tasks faster than monolinguals. They found that bilingual children in their research responded quite well to their multiple computer tasks in comparison to their monolingual fellows.

Other research also found that bilinguals demonstrate more efficient brain functioning than non-bilinguals, and a bilingual person’s brain maintains better task-switching even as they get older.

7. It Slows Down Cognitive Decline

If you still haven’t started and needed another incentive to start learning a new language, here’s one. Learning a language may reduce your chances of getting early onset of cognitive impairments. More than 16 million people in the United States live with cognitive impairment , be it Alzheimer’s, Dementia, or any other disorder. The latest study on the effect of bilingualism in cognitive aging found that people who spoke more than one language regardless of their gender, ethnicity, and occupation experience the onset of cognitive decline four years and a half later than the ones who spoke only one.

While knowing a second language is not exactly the fountain of youth, it definitely helps keep your brain younger.

8. It Improves Your Memory

The brain is compared to muscles for one reason. Seeing that the more physical exercises you do, the more the muscles strengthen and get larger. This aspect applies to the brain too. The more you challenge it, the more the brain expands, and the better it functions.

You can think of learning a language as an exercise for the brain. Having first to understand and then later recall multiple grammar rules and vocabulary, strengthens the memory muscle. That’s why people who know more than one language are more likely to retain information. They’re way better at remembering lists, names, cell phone numbers, and directions than monolinguals.

Don’t believe that? There is actual evidence that learning vocabulary boosts memory . So, delve into another language and give your brain a good workout to strengthen your memory.

9. It Boosts Your Self-Esteem

No one wants to be put in the spotlight, especially when talking in a foreign language when the chances of making mistakes are quite high. Yet, this is what characterizes language learning. It breaks you out of your shell again and again that eventually, you’ll feel comfortable in every situation regardless of whether you’re making mistakes or not.

Nothing beats the confidence you feel when talking to a native speaker in their language. That’s when your self-esteem will sky-rocket. Becoming proficient in a language is like mastering any other skill. Once you’re there, you’ll feel confident and nice about yourself.

The benefits of learning another language are innumerable. Those that we mentioned in our list are just a part of them. Yet, no matter how many lists are out there, no one can convince you of the benefits as much as your own language learning experience will. With that in mind, choose a language that you find exciting and appealing and open the door to the many benefits that come with language proficiency.

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The Bottom Line

Learning a second language is a valuable investment in yourself that can provide numerous benefits, from enhancing cognitive abilities to broadening career opportunities and facilitating cultural exchange. By exploring the world through language, you can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for different perspectives and cultures. 

If you’re interested in pursuing language learning, the University of Potomac offers a range of courses and programs to help you achieve your goals. Don’t hesitate to explore your options and take the first step towards expanding your horizons.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the benefit of learning a second language.

Learning a second language has numerous benefits, such as improving cognitive abilities, enhancing communication skills, broadening career opportunities, facilitating travel and cultural exchange, and even delaying the onset of age-related mental decline.

How can I learn a second language?

There are several ways to learn a second language, such as taking classes, using language learning software or apps, practicing with native speakers, watching movies or TV shows with subtitles, listening to music or podcasts, and reading books or news articles in the target language.

What is the most useful 2nd language to learn?

The most useful second language to learn depends on your personal goals and interests and the cultural and economic context you are in. However, some of the world’s most widely spoken and influential languages are English, Spanish, Mandarin, French, Arabic, German, Portuguese, Russian, and Japanese.

What are the two hardest languages to learn?

Mandarin Chinese and Arabic are often considered the two hardest languages for English speakers to learn due to their complex writing systems, tonal pronunciation, and grammatical structures that differ significantly from English.

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Essay on Learning a Second Language

Reading and writing are essential in one’s ability to learn a distant language. Learning a new dialect can be exhaustive and complex; it demands hard work and dedication. An individual fluent in multiple languages can engage and interact with the world more freely and eloquently in the modern world. One can obtain second language ability by taking an online language class or enroll in one-on-one tutoring. The instructor will assist with the theoretical part of learning, and the critical part of learning requires an individual to put more personal effort. Also, practicing writing and reading a second language is an enormous practice emotionally, physically and mentally. Therefore practicing reading and writing solitary is not sufficient for subsidiary learners. Understanding the societal influences of the language of choice is an essential element to learning a dialect language. (Kayı-Aydar 48) For one to accomplish learning a second language is by understanding social dialogues and different cross-cultural competence. The paper seeks to discuss the significance of practicing personal reading and writing in a second language.

Reading and writing are intertwined; there can be an existence of one without the other. Reading and writing are essential to anyone in a learning institution or anyone who aspires to get educated. Reading and writing generally assist an individual in absorbing information and enhancing school or leisure-related tasks. Reading and writing ensure life becomes simplified because reading has multiple benefits in life. Writing assists humans in being able to express themselves better. Writing also provides a platform where an individual makes one thought and learning permanent. Reading and writing serve the purpose of informing, persuading, explaining and entertaining. Reading and writing motivate an individual to do better and be better. The more one takes time to read and write, the better that person understands the skills being communicated and can expand their knowledge.

Reading enhances the act of writing and enhances the ability to read and understand the information or message being communicated. Practicing reading and writing is essential to the modern world because understanding the written work help a person’s mindset grow. Human beings start reading and writing while young, and as they grow, they can master their language skills. Reading and writing help an individual to connect the ideas they have read.

Practice makes perfect; therefore, there is a need to practice reading and writing a second language because it has more advantages than disadvantages. Reading helps one to be able to improve on spelling, expanding one’s vocabulary and be able to construct a complete sentence. (Shoebottom 24) According to Paul Shoebottom, a good reader can understand the individual sentence and the structure of writing. A student can identify words and expressions learned in class while taking notes of new words through practicing personal reading. The more one is committed to reading, and the more one can understand the language. Through practice, the student can learn and read new vocabularies and use correct grammar structure (Hirvela 75). The student who consistently practices personal reading will likely grasp the language quickly than depending only on classwork.

Most human beings can speak an overseas language more easily than writing because they spend more time practicing speaking than writing. On the contrary, what is the importance of reading and writing to learn a second language? Practicing a second language alone is not enough to learn the second language. This is because it is not always the case while reading and writing. When growing up, one does not require to read and write to learn how to speak English. Instead, the huge role is just listening, and one can practice pronunciation of terms that are regularly repeated and heard. Humans usually start reading and writing when they get to join pre-school, but on joining the school, they are fluent speakers. It requires several years of learning for one to be able to read and write to master their first language.

Speaking is more frequent than writing. There is no proportion of reading and listening that can assist an individual in shaping their language form (Hyland 56). Writing allows one to organize their thoughts before constructing their sentences hence making writing a slow process. Writing also provides a learner with a chance to evaluate their progress in learning the language and a chance to rectify grammatical errors. For effective learning, the learners can create time for practicing writing and improving spelling, pronunciation and formulating better sentence structure of the second language.

The practice assists students to remember and master what they have learned in class and connect grammar structure to previous participation from the previous lesson. Research indicates that individuals increase their ability to preserve information when they write (Hyland 59). Personal writing makes learning more practical, creating neural pathways in the brain and cementing the mind’s information. Writing activates thoughts into evaluating information that the brain receives hence helping the mind store that knowledge for a longer period or even permanently. Books are written to pass intended meaning; therefore, they are more prosperous (Hyland 60). Constant practicing of a second language provides one with an opportunity not to forget what they have learned.

Practicing writing and reading is not the only way of learning a second language because they affect one’s ability to alter words correctly. Languages sometimes differ in syllable pronunciation, and it can be difficult to identify that just by reading and writing alone. For instance, how the letter ‘O’ is altered in English varies from how it is pronounced in German. Distinct languages have different syllabary and writing structures. When one only focuses on Reading and Writing, it becomes more strenuous for the learner to understand the language swiftly.

Listening is a great art that can assist a person in understanding and learn a second language. As humans grow from childhood to adulthood, listening contributes greatly to their communication and mastering their first language and other languages. Listening in the modern day has been simplified and made easier to help people learn. There are different ways one can listen to audio courses to assist one in learning. A time people wonder where can they get time to read and write while listening to another language. One’s understanding of a language demands different skills and exercises to explore their abilities to read and write. Listening is easier and faster than compared writing and reading.

Another advantage of practicing reading and writing when schooling a second tongue is that the power of studying outshines the duration of the study. For example, an individual will become more effective when schooling a second tongue three hours a day for two successive weeks than an individual who takes just an hour a day in the period of two months (Hirvela 77). Language set become difficult, almost impossible. After all, the classes are set apart by several days because the classes take place three to four hours a week. Practicing personal reading and writing means students need more time to acquire second language skills constantly. Learning a language demands a lot of repetition, constant commitment and reference experiences.

To fully apply the knowledge learned, one has to use the language more often to be fluent in any foreign language. Practice is the best technique to understand it through writing and reading. Classes do not happen every day, and they can take up to three days before another class happens (Hirvela 84). It is advisable for the learner not only to rely on classes alone. One can listen to podcasts, radio, TV, and subscribe to youtube channel classes and tutorials.

In conclusion, learning is a journey, and it requires one’s effort and commitment. The amount of time and means required for learning demands an individual to be mentally prepared. The learning process not only comprises of just reading and writing but also is influenced by other factors. An individual practicing a second language has to practice more personal listening and to speak to benefit more. Repetition and practice are required to polish the language. Learning a second language through reading and writing also requires personal commitment, determination, patience and hard work. Learner taking a second language has to combine all skills required to learning the foreign language. Those skills include reading, writing, listening, and speaking because they are essential and compulsory to become an excellent second language speaker without facing any challenges. When a learner combines reading, writing, listening, and practicing speaking, one becomes excellent in understanding new vocabularies and correct spelling, and one can construct a well-structured sentence. Writing assists an individual in assessing their progress, revise the grammatical errors and remember it all. Practicing a foreign or a second language assists students in acquiring the skills necessary to be fluent. To perfect the second language will require combining the use of reading, writing, listening and speaking.

Works cited.

Hirvela, Alan.  Connecting reading & writing in second language writing instruction . University of Michigan Press, 2004. 73-89

Bondarenko, Olena. “Challenges of teaching academic writing skills in ESL classroom (Based on international teaching experience).”  Revista Românească pentru Educaţie Multidimensională  11.4 (2019): 70-83.

Hyland, Ken.  Second language writing . Cambridge university press, 2019. 54-62.

Kayı-Aydar, Hayriye.  Positioning theory in applied linguistics: Research design and applications . Springer, 2018.

Shoebottom, Paul. “The factors that influence the acquisition of a second language.”  Retrieved from  (2016): 23-28.

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Individual Differences in Second Language Learning: the Road Ahead

• Published: 07 October 2021
• Volume 45 , pages 237–244, ( 2021 )

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• Xuesong (Andy) Gao 2  

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Introduction

In the past few years, several special issues on individual differences (IDs) in language learning have been published in the field of language education [ 6 , 17 ], Oga-Baldwin, Fryer, & Larson-Hall [ 24 ]. These publications range from a broad scope of theme collections to a specific focus of topic modeling. For instance, the contributions to the special issue edited by de Bot and Bátyi feature a wide range of IDs constructs including age, aptitude, attitude, and motivation. On the other hand, the contributions to a more recent special issue edited by Oga-Baldwin et al. focus on language learning motivation as modeled and interpreted through a diverse lens of mainstream motivational theories such as expectancy-value theory, self-determination theory, personal investment theory, and goal theories. A much more recent special issue edited by Gurzynski-Weiss places a predominant emphasis on the investigation of the dynamic nature of individual differences in L2 learning. The empirical studies featured in these three special issues not only point to the ongoing and enduring commitment collectively embraced by IDs researchers, but also underline the challenges concerning whether IDs in language learning should be structuralized or systematized with reference to exclusively one particular theoretical framework or dual conceptually distinct yet implicitly complementary theoretical underpinnings. To elaborate, unlike IDs constructs such as anxiety, aptitude, or willingness to communicate, which receive relatively few conceptual challenges, research on both language learning motivation and language learning strategies (LLS) has undergone different stages of transitions regarding the theoretical frameworks behind the two IDs constructs [ 1 , 29 ]

Language Learning Motivation

The major theoretical transition in L2 motivation is featured by moving from operationalizing L2 motivation via a social-educational modeling approach to adopting a self-based viewpoint to modeling L2 motivation (e.g., [ 31 ]). The central construct underlying the social-educational model refers to integrativeness or integrative motivation , whereas the pivotal factor underlying the L2 self model refers to ideal L2 self . Despite attempts over the years to reinterpret or even replace integrativeness with ideal L2 self, as theorized by Dörnyei and his associates, it is important to note that the two conceptually distinct L2 motivational models receive equal credits from academia. Over the years, the fundamental discrepancy regarding theoretical underpinnings between the two L2 motivational models has become even clearer. As Gardner [ 16 ] critically remarks:

Cognition and affect are parallel systems. One is not superior to the other… The L2 self is a cognitive model while that of integrative motivation is an affective one… Their utility is in the validity of the models, not in their superiority over others (p. 226).

A decade later, Dörnyei [ 13 ] also explicitly recognized the theoretical divide between the two L2 motivation models:

[T]he type of identification adopted in the L2 Motivational Self System – identification with a projected future image within the person’s self-concept, rather than identification with an external reference group such as the L2 community as was the case with the notion integrativeness – can serve certain purposes (p. xx).

After nearly 30 years of numerous rounds of theoretical debates and empirical testing, readers interested in L2 motivation research can finally obtain a clear picture that integrative motivation and ideal L2 self are in actuality isomorphic and complementary. This is especially true concerning the pragmatic valences in describing and explaining learners’ motivated language learning behaviors. Integrative motivation and ideal L2 self also differ in essence both in origin and by target, leading Claro (2020) to suggest that “the ideal L2 self cannot replace integrativeness” (p. 253). Dörnyei [ 13 ] also expects to see a wave of “renewed vibrancy” (p. xxi) in bringing integrative motivation back to the spotlight. As expected, one of the aims of the present Special Issue is to respond to the urgent call to action that has yet to be answered in the two prior IDs special issues.

Language Learning Strategies

The other aim of the present Special Issue is to address a similar research controversy which has remained in the field of LLS for more than 15 years. Interestingly, analogous to the debate over the concept of integrativeness and integrative motivation, the criticisms levelled against LLS are mainly twofold: one centers around the definition of strategies , and the other revolves around the validity of the rating scale structure underlying Oxford’s [ 28 ] Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) [ 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 32 ]. As with the case of L2 motivation research, Dörnyei and Skehan argued that the operational definitions of learning strategies theorized by Oxford [ 27 , 28 ] and O’Malley and Chamot [ 25 , 26 ] tended to be “inconsistent and elusive” (p. 608). Dörnyei [ 12 ] took a bold step to equate learning strategies to “idiosyncratic self-regulated behaviour” (p. 183). Critically, Dörnyei never shows any substantial empirical evidence to prove learning strategies are idiosyncratic at all, and nor does Dörnyei ever theorize why strategies should be conceptualized as behavior rather than as technique or influences in the way he defines motivational strategies [ 9 ]. For instance, Dörnyei ([ 9 ], p. 28) defines motivational strategies in the same paragraph as “techniques that promote the individual’s goal-related behaviours” and “ those motivational influences that are consciously exerted to achieve some systematic and enduring positive effect [ emphasis original],” respectively. Following these two definitions, it is clear that Dörnyei equated strategies to techniques and influences, but not to behavior. It is by no means clear and consistent as to why techniques can be equivalent to influences in an operational sense. Following this line of thinking, it seems fair to say that the unjustified criticisms such as “inconsistent and illusive” thrown onto learning strategies may become equally relevant and valid to motivational strategies. In this way, should motivational strategies be likewise considered idiosyncratic as in the case of learning strategies? Furthermore, Hadfield & Dörnyei [ 19 ] created the term achievement strategies to refer to “study techniques that can be used across a range of tasks to improve learning” (p. 146), and on the same page further argued that it was imperative that learners be introduced to the “techniques that might help them to work more productively, getting them to discuss and evaluate these and finally selecting those that work best for them” (p. 146). Notably, it is clear that Dörnyei also formally associates strategies with the construct of learning achievement, which by definition is equivalent to the concept of learning strategies. When taken together, a careful review of Dörnyei’s work on motivational strategies published between 2001 and 2015 seems to show that Dörnyei has been forbidding others to do what he is doing himself. Two sets of standards might have been applied to learning strategies and motivational strategies respectively, the constructs of which are, to a certain extent, interrelated.

Dörnyei [ 10 , 11 ] further introduced the term self-regulation , a term which he argues is more capable of reflecting the concept of strategic learning. In particular, he proposed a five-factor model to indicate the possible underlying construct of self-regulatory capacity of language learning. The proposed five-factor measurement model was initially sent into empirical testing in English vocabulary learning [ 32 , 33 ] as an attempt to complement SILL, which is in principle operationalized by behavioral items. Indeed, the call for the paradigm shift has received enormous attention from the field and raised practitioners and researchers’ awareness of the divide between the quality and quantity dimensions of strategic learning. Over the years, it has been observed that the coexistence of strategy use (the quantity dimension) and proactive control of strategy use (the quality dimension) have greatly advanced readers’ understanding of the underlying theoretical underpinnings of strategic learning. The empirical findings of gender differences have shed light on how the two complementary forms of strategic learning may become integrated to support brain study. The effect of gender differences on strategy use started to draw researchers’ attention with the rise of SILL in the 1990s [ 14 , 18 , 30 ]. Notably, in their very large-scale empirical study ( N  > 1200), Oxford and Nyikos [ 30 ] noted that females reported more frequent strategy use than males on a latent factor called formal rule-related practice strategies . This strategic factor greatly capitalized on learners’ cognitive ability to analyze and understand the linguistic codes and rules of a target language. In another study, Ehrman & Oxford [ 14 ] further found that females also reported more frequent strategy use than males on metacognitive strategic behaviors such as checking, monitoring, and planning one’s learning performance. Importantly, the findings of significant gender differences in both cognitive and metacognitive strategy use in these early primary studies provide indirect yet critical support for the later findings uncovered by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques [ 2 , 20 , 22 ]. Overall, females showed a stronger and wider response than males not only in the amygdala, which is responsible for emotional regulation, but also in the prefrontal cortex areas, where cognitive processing and higher order mental functioning such as planning, monitoring, and problem solving occur [ 3 ]. The above discussion suggests that the quantity dimension of strategic learning as operationalized by SILL can offer diagnostic information regarding gender differences in cognitive and metacognitive functioning in the task of language learning.

On the other hand, Tseng, Liu, and Nix [ 34 ] developed and validated an instrument to tap into the quality dimension of strategy use (i.e., the proactive control of strategy use) in language learning: Self-Regulatory Control Scale for Language Learning (SR lang ). Unlike what Dörnyei [ 10 ] has hypothesized, a four-factor measurement model consisting of boredom control , awareness control , goal control , and emotion control was procured. Importantly, the naming of the four factors was essentially theories-referenced, rather than intuition-guided, which allows for the inferencing of gender differences in the proactive control of strategy use in language learning. In their second phase of validity study, Tseng et al. employed latent regression modeling to further check the way in which gender difference would modulate learners’ control of strategy use over the four dimensions in SR lang . Results indicated that females had significantly stronger and better proactive control of strategy use than males in boredom control, awareness control, and emotion control, but not in goal control. Essentially, because boredom control and emotion control are intrinsically associated with emotion regulation [ 4 , 21 ], the neurobiological function of which the amygdala is responsible for. Sensibly, therefore, Tseng et al.’s findings can be credited with being significantly, indirectly notwithstanding, convergent with those by fMRI [ 2 , 20 , 22 ], in which the responsive magnitude in emotional regulation was directly observed in the brain and more active in females than in males. Critically, the foregoing discussion further suggests that the quality dimension of strategic learning as operationalized by SR lang may provide useful information concerning gender differences in emotional regulation in the task of language learning. In sum, the recent research findings based on fMRI studies clearly suggest that both the frequency component and the control component of strategy use can be considered complementary regarding their theoretical value in depicting and explicating gender differences in strategic learning of a language.

Introducing the Special Issue

The orthodoxical stance of learning strategies, as well as the unique empirical significance of the two complementary forms of strategy use, has yet to be articulated and showcased in prior special issues. To address the research gap, therefore, the second aim of the present Special Issue is to inform and update readers in a timely manner of the academic merits which have been historically built-in, but have yet to receive sufficient justice from the field. In total, the current Special Issue features 7 articles which offer a balanced report and insightful update of empirical research in relation to L2 motivation and LLS research. The first section includes three articles addressing the research on L2 motivation. The first article (Kim & Shin) examined the mediating role of integrative motivation in the causal link between self-efficacy and English achievement in a Korean sample. Through the aid of the bootstrapping technique, Kim and Shin found that the mediating effect exerted by integrative motivation was significant and meaningful. Kim and Shin’s research findings suggest that learners’ affective identification with the L2 community group works in synergy with learners’ cognitive belief of how well they can achieve in studying a foreign language.

The second article (Cheng) in the first section investigated the effects of grit and L2 self on willingness to communicate (WTC) in a Taiwanese sample. In Cheng’s study, the scale targeting grit—passion of and persistence toward a specific ultimate goal—was conceptualized by two dimensions: consistency of interest (COI) and persistence of effort (POE). The instrument measuring L2 self was operationalized by four factors: Ideal L2 self own , Ideal L2 self other , Ought-to L2 self own , Ought-to L2 self other . By using hierarchical regression modeling, Cheng found that three types of L2 self-images (ideal L2 self own , ideal L2 self other , and Ought-to L2 self own ), taken together with grit, could jointly exert explanatory power over WTC. Cheng suggests that both establishing a gritty attitude and shaping an ideal L2 self vision carry equal weight in sustaining L2 motivation.

In the third article of the first section, Soltanian and Ghapanchi approached L2 motivation from the viewpoint of “investment,” a concept that views L2 learning as an entity of social practice. Soltanian and Ghapanchi’s study explored the factors that might affect Iranian EFL learners’ investment through a qualitative inquiry. The results of their study revealed that the economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital jointly influenced varying degrees of Iranian EFL learners’ willingness to learn English. The reason for including a paper which focused on investment is that both investment theory [ 7 , 23 ] and Gardner’s [ 15 ] socio-education model underlined language learners’ connections to the social world they live in.

The second section of the present Special Issue contains the other three articles with a focus on strategic learning. The first article (Nathan et al.) was featured by constructing a systematic review of the core components of LLS research conducted in Taiwan. Upon an extensive, thorough search of literature via numerous databases, Nathan et al. successfully extracted 100 empirical studies eligible for systematic review. The 100 primary studies were analyzed based on three evaluation criteria: (a) contexts and participant characteristics; (b) theoretical-conceptual aspects; and (c) methodological characteristics. The researchers observed that, as a whole, there was a pendulum shift from a predominant adoption of survey tools to a more diversified deployment of multiple research approaches and recognized the shift as positive. Nathan et al. suggest that situating LLS in a social-politically unique context (i.e., Taiwan) helps move the research on LLS ahead in an even more global context.

In the second article of the second section, Haga and Reinders investigated the emotional regulation of feedback on language learning in a sample of diverse L1 backgrounds including Bulgarian, Hungarian, Mexican, Polish, and Russian. Haga and Reinders applied dynamic systems theory (DST) to record and systematize a large set of interview data collected from 25 participants. Their findings showed that although participants experienced a wide range of positive and negative emotions, negative emotions could have facilitative effects on language learning, particularly on shaping learners’ multilingual identities. Haga and Reinders suggested that future research needs to be oriented to a deeper understanding of emotions and emotional regulation in language learning.

The third study (Koenig & Guertler) included in the second section conducted a two-phase large-scale consecutive survey study to explore German learners’ thoughts and perceptions of improvement and satisfaction regarding their self-regulated language learning. Sample 1 and sample 2 involved 1646 and 796 participants situated in the German higher educational context. The results of the phase I survey study showed that time investment in self-regulated study could lead to greater language skill improvement. The results of the phase II retrospective survey study further indicated that German college learners had not yet cultivated enough required capacity to self-regulate their language learning strategies. The findings of Koenig and Guertler’s study pointed to the individuality and variations observed at the nexus where the quality dimension (self-regulatory capacity) and the quantity dimension (use of language learning strategies) of strategic learning intersected.

The present Special Issue concludes with an updated critical review of the role of individual differences in language learning and teaching from a complex-dynamic and socio-ecological perspective. This wide lens allows readers to holistically visualize the road ahead of IDs research in language learning. Griffiths featured 11 salient IDs factors considered to be important in L2 classrooms. Based on the results of an empirical investigation with L2 teachers, Griffiths pointed out that motivation and strategy use were ranked as the most important factors and the other factors such as aptitude and gender as at least somewhat important. The findings led Griffiths to suggest that there is a need for future research to take a holistic approach to advance the understanding of the potential interplay among the 11 salient IDs factors in language learning.

To conclude, we believe the 7 articles collected in this Special Issue have made unique yet valuable contributions to the field of IDs research in language learning. Upon the publication of the Special Issue, we hope that researchers and practitioners alike can be enlightened in a timely manner by the theoretical clarifications critically needed in the field. Readers should look forward to not only renewed, but also heightened vibrancy regarding innovative applications and integrations of different IDs factors deemed to be significant and critical in the field of language learning.

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Tseng, WT., Gao, X.(. Individual Differences in Second Language Learning: the Road Ahead. English Teaching & Learning 45 , 237–244 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-021-00097-z

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Benefits of Learning a Second Language Essay Sample

Language is a door through which you meet new people, cultures, and ideas. According to researchers, learning a second language in elementary school becomes the beginning of a new dimension of life. You can interact with more people, read new materials, and are more competitive when searching for a job.

At what age should you learn a second language? And how does age as well as the learning environment affect your ability to use the language? Here are filtered insights on learning a second language at any point in your life.

Expand your world of ideas

Ideas are expressed in different languages. Some of these ideas have never been translated. Others were diluted in the course of translation. By learning a second language, you get to interact with new ideas from books and materials you would never have encountered had you stuck to your first language.

Beyond the old ideas, you will be learning from the new-age scholars in the second language. You can read their books and manuals directly without relying on translators. As a result, your worldview will change. You have a global perspective of things, making you a more valuable person at work or when engaging in personal projects.

Improve your economic prospects

There are no disadvantages of learning a second language regardless of your age. Seniors are advised to learn a second language for use in improving their financial position at an advanced age. A second language will improve your economic prospects in several ways.

• Employment – multinational companies are looking for multilingual employees to work in their foreign offices. Such positions come with better pay. You also have opportunities to work in more places, reducing your chances of unemployment. You may also use the language as a freelancer to improve your source of income. All these opportunities leave you in a better financial position.
• Business – do you want to expand your business? Learn a new language. You can easily court new partners and associates. You also understand other cultures and markets better, resulting in better trading relations. You minimize the use of translators and interpreters in your business, improving your profit margins in the process.
• Entrepreneurship – are you an entrepreneur looking to expand your reach? Do you have an app, website, or product that needs to get to a new market? It is time to learn a new language. Does learning a new language make you smarter in business? Yes! You get to interact with more people and ideas, improving your decision-making processes.

Enlarge your social circles

A new language helps you to interact with new people beyond those using your first language. For instance, a language like Spanish is spoken by over 559 million people around the world. By learning a few Spanish words, you can add more than half a billion people into your circle of interaction.

For a better brain

A new language will enlarge your brain capacity. I have heard people ask, when is it too late to learn a new language? Researchers discovered that a new language will refresh your brainpower. This resource is your go-to for argumentative essay writing https://en.ibuyessay.com/argumentative.html even in foreign language. Even at old age, the new language will improve your memory and make you feel younger.

The benefits of learning a second language can be split among your social, economic, and mental faculties. From improved memory to better employment opportunities, you have a reason to enroll for a second language.