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Linguistic Anthropology by Paul Garrett LAST REVIEWED: 24 July 2013 LAST MODIFIED: 24 July 2013 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199772810-0051

Linguistic anthropology is a field of study devoted to the mutually constitutive relationships among language, culture, and society. Along with archaeology, biological anthropology, and sociocultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology is one of the four traditional subdisciplines of anthropology in the American tradition. Most linguistic anthropologists have degrees in anthropology and identify primarily as anthropologists, though they may also have extensive training in linguistics. Linguistic anthropologists are committed to exploring and understanding the enormously varied ways in which humans use language, along with all of the other communicative resources at their disposal (such as gestures, eye gaze, spatial configurations, and material objects), to create, sustain, and shape the worlds in which they live. Linguistic anthropologists take as axiomatic the proposition that language is the primary symbolic medium through which humans apprehend, conceptualize, engage with, participate in, and thereby co-construct their worlds. The study of language and other aspects of communicative practice, broadly construed, are therefore considered to be crucial to understanding virtually all aspects of human society and culture, from the most intimate of face-to-face interactions to the workings of complex institutions to such global phenomena as transnational migration. Through their analyses of discursive formations, processes of symbolic domination, and numerous other language-mediated aspects of social life, linguistic anthropologists have contributed substantially to anthropological understandings of such issues as nationalism and transnationalism, ethnicity, social inequality, state formation, Gender and Sexuality , colonialism and postcolonialism, governmentality, capitalistic expansionism, and the full range of globalization phenomena. This bibliography focuses on linguistic anthropology in the American tradition and on material published in book form. Many of the field’s most influential article-length works have been reprinted in the volumes shown below under the category Comprehensive Edited Collections ; a great many more are to be found in the publications shown under the category Journals .

The works included here represent significant moments in the emergence and consolidation of linguistic anthropology as a distinct field of study over the course of the early to mid-20th century. Franz Boas, often called the “father” of American anthropology, made the study of language and language use central to the newly emerging discipline, as seen in his Handbook of American Indian Languages (see Boas 2002 ). Boas’s student Edward Sapir, and likewise Sapir’s student Benjamin Whorf, upheld this commitment and developed it in innovative new directions; their key works (see Sapir 1993 , Sapir 2005 , and Whorf 2012 ) are the basis for the “Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,” which has provided the orienting framework for successive generations of highly productive research agendas; its implications continue to be explored, discussed, and debated. Beginning in the 1960s—partly in response to the emerging generativist paradigm in linguistics—Dell Hymes and colleagues, particularly John Gumperz, took crucial steps to organize and consolidate a broad-based program of research in which language would continue to be regarded as, fundamentally, a social and cultural phenomenon, inseparable from the contexts of its use and the lives of its speakers. Among the clearest expressions of this programmatic endeavor are Hymes 1964 , Gumperz and Hymes 1972 , and Bauman and Sherzer 1974 .

Bauman, Richard, and Joel Sherzer, eds. 1974. Explorations in the ethnography of speaking . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.

A broadly influential collection of studies from several of the founding figures of contemporary linguistic anthropology and allied disciplines. The chapters examine a wide range of culturally specific speech acts, events, and genres, ranging from greetings to jokes to narrative performances.

Boas, Franz, ed. 2002. Handbook of American Indian languages . Bristol, UK: Thoemmes.

Widely regarded as the first major work of linguistic anthropology in the American tradition, the Handbook begins with a classic, enduringly influential introductory essay by Franz Boas that makes a compelling case for the ethnographic study of the world’s languages. Chapters by Boas and many of his students and colleagues follow, each devoted to a particular Native American language. Originally published in multiple volumes over a period of several years, beginning in 1911.

Gumperz, John J., and Dell H. Hymes, eds. 1972. Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication . New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

This pioneering collection of essays, which proceeds from the assumption that competence in the use of a language involves sociocultural as well as linguistic dimensions, offered a theoretically and methodologically coherent alternative to formalist paradigms of language study and helped establish the ethnography of communication as an enduringly important area of scholarly inquiry.

Hymes, Dell H., ed. 1964. Language in culture and society: A reader in linguistics and anthropology . New York: Harper and Row.

A foundational, enduringly influential collection of writings on a broad range of language-related topics by a diverse group of linguists, sociolinguists, anthropologists, and others, from such pioneers as Franz Boas, Bronislaw Malinowski, and Claude Lévi-Strauss to Dell Hymes, John Gumperz, and other innovative scholars of the mid-20th century.

Sapir, Edward. 1993. The psychology of culture: A course of lectures . Edited by Judith T. Irvine. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Linguistic anthropologist Judith Irvine has reconstructed Edward Sapir’s lectures from fifteen sets of notes taken in three different years by various contemporaries of the pioneering linguist and anthropologist.

Sapir, Edward. 2005. Language: An introduction to the study of speech . New York: Harcourt, Brace.

An early treatise from one of the founding figures of linguistic anthropology, this book, originally published in 1921, comprehensively considers the formal and structural aspects of language as well as historical language change, contact-induced change, and the relationship of language to culture.

Whorf, Benjamin Lee. 2012. Language, thought, and reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf . 2d ed. Edited by John B. Carroll, Stephen C. Levinson, and Penny Lee. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.

Originally published in 1956, this is the most comprehensive edited collection of the writings of Benjamin Whorf, whose work on Hopi and other Native American languages during the first half of the 20th century gave rise to the enormously influential set of ideas that would come to be known collectively as “the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.” These ideas and their implications continue to be explored by linguistic anthropologists, cognitive scientists, and others.

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What Is Linguistic Anthropology?

Linguistic Anthropology, Anthropological Linguistics, and Sociolinguistics

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If you have ever heard the term "linguistic anthropology," you might be able to guess that this is a type of study that involves language (linguistics) and anthropology (the study of societies). There are similar terms, "anthropological linguistics" and "sociolinguistics," which some claim are interchangeable, but others claim to have slightly different meanings.

Learn more about linguistic anthropology and how it may differ from anthropological linguistics and sociolinguistics.

Linguistic Anthropology

Linguistic anthropology is a branch of anthropology that studies the role of language  in the social lives of individuals and communities. Linguistic anthropology explores how language shapes communication. Language plays a huge role in social identity, group membership, and establishing cultural beliefs and ideologies.

Alessandro Duranti, ed. "Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader "

Linguistic anthropologists have ventured into the study of everyday encounters, language socialization, ritual and political events, scientific  discourse , verbal art, language contact and language shift,  literacy  events, and  media .

So, unlike linguists , linguistic anthropologists do not look at language alone, language is viewed as interdependent with culture and social structures.

According to Pier Paolo Giglioli in "Language and Social Context," anthropologists study the relation between worldviews, grammatical categories and semantic fields, the influence of speech on socialization and personal relationships, and the interaction of linguistic and social communities.

In this case, linguistic anthropology closely studies those societies where language defines a culture or society. For example, in New Guinea, there is a tribe of indigenous people who speak one language. It is what makes that people unique. It is its "index" language. The tribe may speak other languages from New Guinea, but this unique language gives the tribe its cultural identity.

Linguistic anthropologists may also take an interest in language as it relates to socialization. It can be applied to infancy, childhood, or a foreigner being enculturated. The anthropologist would likely study a society and the way that language is used to socialize its young. 

In terms of a language's effect on the world, the rate of spread of a language and its influence on a society or multiple societies is an important indicator that anthropologists will study. For example, the use of English as an international language can have wide-ranging implications for the world's societies. This can be compared to the effects of colonization or imperialism and the import of language to various countries, islands, and continents all over the world.

Anthropological Linguistics

A closely related field (some say, exactly the same field), anthropological linguistics, investigates the relationship between language and culture from the linguistics perspective. According to some, this is a branch of linguistics.

This may differ from linguistic anthropology because linguists will focus more on the way words are formed, for example, the phonology or vocalization of the language to semantics and grammar systems.

For example, linguists pay close attention to "code-switching," a phenomenon that occurs when two or more languages are spoken in a region and the speaker borrows or mix the languages in normal discourse. For example, when a person is speaking a sentence in English but completes his or her thought in Spanish and the listener understands and continues the conversation in a similar way.

A linguistic anthropologist may be interested in code-switching as it affects the society and evolving culture, but will not tend to focus on the study of code-switching, which would be more of an interest to the linguist. 

• Sociolinguistics

Very similarly, sociolinguistics, considered another subset of linguistics, is the study of how people use language in different social situations.

Sociolinguistics includes the study of dialects across a given region and an analysis of the way some people may speak to each other in certain situations, for example, at a formal occasion, slang between friends and family, or the manner of speaking that may change based on the gender roles. Additionally, historical sociolinguists will examine language for shifts and changes that occur over time to a society. For example, in English, a historical sociolinguistic will look at when "thou" shifted and was replaced by the word "you" in the language timeline.

Like dialects, sociolinguists will examine words that are unique to a region like a regionalism. In terms of American regionalisms, a "faucet" is used in the North, whereas, a "spigot" is used in the South. Other regionalism includes frying pan/skillet; pail/bucket; and soda/pop/coke. Sociolinguists may also study a region, and look at other factors, such as socio-economic factors that may have played a role as to how language is spoken in a region.

Duranti (Editor), Alessandro. "Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader." Blackwell Anthologies in Social & Cultural Anthropology, Parker Shipton (Series Editor), 2nd edition, Wiley-Blackwell, May 4, 2009.

Giglioli, Pier Paolo (Editor). "Language and Social Context: Selected Readings." Paperback, Penguin Books, September 1, 1990.

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The Journal of Linguistic Anthropology is a publication of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology , a section of the  American Anthropological Association . The journal is published three times annually, in May, August, and December.

Submissions to the journal should be based on original research and should engage substantively with contemporary issues (theoretical, analytical, methodological, etc.) in linguistic anthropology and allied fields of study. Submissions should not exceed 9,000–10,000 words (inclusive of notes but not bibliography). Other kinds of submissions, such as critical essays, interviews, and commentaries, may also be considered for publication.

All issues of the Journal of Linguistic Anthropology , from 1991 to the present, are available through  AnthroSource and the Wiley Online Library.

Elsewhere in this site, you can find instructions for  submitting  to the journal;  subscription and ordering  information; information about the journal’s  editors and editorial board ; and multimedia content associated with  web-enhanced articles  that have been published in the journal.

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Introduction

Anthropology may be classified as the study of mankind and linguistics focuses more upon the language elements of the existence of man.  As such, the concept of language or speech communication is what distinguishes mankind from animals. As such, the concept of linguistics is a subsidiary category of anthropology.  As linguistics has become a vehicle in the training of anthropologists there has been a certain level of trust between the two disciplines.  (Teeter).

Linguistic Anthropology – Identity Theory

It was Dell Hymes that coined the term ‘linguistic anthropology’ and termed the phrase an ethnography of communication.  One of the most concentrated areas of research focused around that sociological identity. Don Kulick was a linguistic anthropologist  who studied a village in Papua, New Guinea and examined a language called ‘Taiap’ that was not spoken anywhere but in their village.  This associated individuals with a personal sense of identity and belonging to a specific tribe of people. The research highlighted the personal autonomy of individuals.  Sheldon Stryker posed a theory of identity that was based upon symbolic identity in social groups (Burke, Owens and Serpe). Identity is considered to be more a cultural and sociological practice as opposed to that of a physchologic phenomenon. As such, it may be individually indexed through the use of labels. (Hall)

Anthropology has gained a great deal from the introduction of linguistics, particularly in the ethnography of speaking. Linguistic anthropology has helped to identify group memberships, facilitate both cultural and ideological beliefs and help in the determination of the logical order of a social world.

Works Cited

Burke, P.J., et al. Advances in identity theory and research. New York: Springer, 2003.

Hall, Mary Bucholtz and Kira. “Identity and interaction: a sociocultural linguistic approach.” Discourse Studies, Vol 7 (2005): 585-614.

Teeter, Karl V. “Linguistics and Anthropology.” Daedelus, Vol 102 Iss 3 (1973): 87-98.

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Anthropology Research Guide

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Linguistic Anthropology: Introduction

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Remember to talk about your project with your instructor in the Anthropology Department !

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Academic Search Complete is a multidisciplinary database of scholarly journals, magazines, and news sources. It is a good starting point for research in all areas of study.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

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An index to articles in journals taken by the Library and to films held at the Royal Anthropological Institute. The collection has nearly 800 journals, published in more than 40 languages, are indexed on a continuing basis. Records cover 1957 to the present.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

A robust database that provides full-text, indexing, and abstracts for many top communication journals covering all related disciplines, including media studies, linguistics, rhetoric, and discourse.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

ERIC (ProQuest) is the largest education database in the world — containing over one million records of journal articles, research reports, curriculum, and teaching guides, conference papers, and books.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. Please sign to QC Library when prompted to browse articles within the Queens College Library collections.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

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How to access QC subscribed articles via Google Scholar: 1.Access Google Scholar via the un-proxied version: Google Scholar 2. From the Menu Icon on the Top Left select Settings then Library Links 3. In Library Links, search for Queens College then select "Queens College --> Fulltext at QC" 4. SAVE and return to the Google Scholar Homepage 5. You should be able to search for articles. When you see the "Queens College --> Fulltext at QC", select to either be re-directed to the Library Catalogue, OneSearch or asked to login to the library proxy in order to access articles. 6. Please review the FAQ on logging into the library proxy. Should you have any additional questions, please contact our Electronic Resources Librarian by completing the Electronic Resources Access Form.

Humanities Source is a valuable full-text database covering literary, scholarly, and creative thought.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch .

JSTOR is a multi-disciplinary collection of scholarly journals and e-books that include primary sources, images, and more.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

JSTOR provided expanded access during the pandemic (June 2020-June 2023). Expanded access expires on June 30, 2023. CUNY will reinstate that access beginning in January 2024.You may review the Electronic Resources Status Dashboard for updates. Questions? Email: [email protected] or Open a Ticket!

Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) abstracts and indexes the international literature in linguistics and related disciplines in the language sciences (1973-current). The database covers all aspects of the study of language including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Complete coverage is given to various fields of linguistics including descriptive, historical, comparative, theoretical, and geographical linguistics.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

Music Index database provides cover-to-cover indexing and abstracts covering every aspect of classical and popular music.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

Social Sciences Full Text (H.W.Wilson) covers the latest concepts, theories, and methods from both applied and theoretical aspects of the social sciences.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

Provides full-text, Peer-Reviewed sociology journals covering many studies including gender studies, criminal justice, social psychology, racial studies, religion, and social work.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

Indexes the international literature of sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences; (1952-current).  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

Wiley Online Library is a collection of scholarly journals and e-books published by Wiley-Blackwell in science, medicine, social sciences, and humanities. Catalogue Link: OneSearch

What is a scholarly journal article?

A scholarly journal article is written by a scholar or an expert, and provides a detailed analysis of a topic. It is written in the specialized language of a scholarly discipline (such as Philosophy). It documents the resources the writer used by providing bibliographic citations such as footnotes, endnotes, and bibliography so a reader can check or repeat the research the scholar has completed.

A scholarly journal is edited by scholars, and any article published in the journal has usually been approved by the author's peers or by referees (other scholars expert in the subject who serve as editors or readers and critique the article before it is accepted for publication). This is why most scholarly journals are referred to as a Peer-Reviewed or Refereed journals. Here is a comparison between popular and scholarly periodicals . There are usually several databases that can be used to search for journal articles on a topic.

• American Anthropologist
• American Ethnologist
• American Speech
• Annual Review of Applied Linguistics
• Anthropological Linguistics
• Anthropology & Education Quarterly
• Applied Linguistics
• Current Anthropology
• International Multilingual Research Journal
• Journal of Language and Social Psychology
• Journal of Language Contact
• Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
• Journal of Pragmatics
• Journal of Sociolinguistics
• Language (journal of the Linguistic Society of America)
• Language in Society
• Language Learning
• Pragmatics : quarterly publication of the International Pragmatics Association
• Spanish in Context
• American Association for Applied LInguistics
• British Association for Applied Linguistics
• Center for Applied Linguistics
• Endangered Languages Project
• Linguistic Society of America
• OLAC: Open Language Archives Community
• Society for Linguistic Anthropology
• Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas
• UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
• WALS Online: World Atals of Language Structures

A sophisticated database program that can be used to view and analyze an array of community and regional data from neighborhoods and other local areas of New York City and New York State; includes population statistics, immigration trends, socio-economic indicators, birth and death data, hospitalizations, local trade data, and more, with data from 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 census, and other sources.

New data is not added to the system. It is relatively inactive.

• Language Use (US Census Bureau) News, Publications, Data, and Working Papers related to language use in the U.S.

Contains information and statistics specific to New York City, organized in eighteen (18) categories; includes business, culture, education, income, housing, sports, and more.   

Social Explorer provides interactive demographic data. Its mapping tools allow data to be easily visualized, and it also allows users to extract data table reports. Users may generate custom reports and maps, and they may create personal accounts to save their reports and maps.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch .

To use Social Explorer remotely, save, and share projects, please create a personal account. 

The Statistical Abstract of the United States is a comprehensive summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the United States.  Catalogue Link: OneSearch . 

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Linguistic Anthropology: Learning in the Language Environment Essay

It needs to be said that I have noticed from my personal experience that I have learned the language as a result of interaction with the environment, and I had my own understanding of particular words. I often analyzed the world around me, and communication with others was also essential. This is quite similar to the rapid construction of a grammar theory that is described by Ottenheimer, and he suggests that children at an early age understand the importance of language and use it as one of the ways to explore surroundings (258). Interactions with others were paramount because they shared the information, and it has helped me to develop my grammar when I was young. Also, Ottenheimer describes cognitive theories as a set of hypotheses that suggest that acquisition of language is related to intellectual development (257).

This perspective is also interesting because it is evident that children may remember some words, but they do not use them until they understand their meaning most of the time. It is also interesting that there are numerous instances when children learn several languages at once, and it is a tough task for adults. The critical period in development is essential because it allows children to remember enormous amounts of information at once (Kuhl et al. 256). It is also interesting that there are some differences between the language learning abilities of genders. One of the studies has shown that boys and girls utilize different regions of the brain when performing tasks that are related o language. (Burman, Bitan, and Booth 1349). This aspect should be considered during future studies because it may help to get a better understanding of language acquisition process.

Student Name

Professor Name

Discussion 11

According to Ottenheimer, sign language is a method of communication that was developed for needs of Deaf community (115). The sign language that is most commonly used in the United States is American Sign Language (ASL). It can be said that it is somewhat related to English because some concepts are the same, but the structure of sentences and grammar are significantly different. Order of words is also not the same most of the time, and just one sign includes several meanings at once (Ottenheimer, 118). Facial gestures are also paramount because they are used to express the meaning of a particular symbol. It is important to note that I have encountered many individuals that used ASL, but I had issues with recognizing gestures most of the time because it is dramatically different from spoken English. It can also be noticed in some of the movies, and subtitles help to identify the meaning of some signs (Okrent par. 5). Also, I think that it needs to be promoted much more because one of the studies has shown that individuals that experience sign languages at an early age have a better learning experience (Morford et al. 41). I think that this method of communication is efficient and has enormous potential. It can be implemented in numerous software programs that recognize gestures. In my opinion, it is also interesting that there are dissimilarities between the usages of this method of communication in different regions of the world. Also, studies that are being conducted in this field are essential because sign language may need some improvement, and new technologies can address some of the issues that are currently present.

Works Cited

Morford, Jill P. et al. “Effects of language experience on the perception of American Sign Language.” Cognition 109.1 (2008): 41-53.

Okrent, Arika. “This is What American Sign Language Looked Like 100 Years Ago.” The Week . The Week, 25 Apr. 2015. Web. 29 Oct. 2015.

Ottenheimer, Harriet. The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology . 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2012. Print.

Burman, Douglas D., Tali Bitan, and James R. Booth. “Sex differences in neural processing of language among children.” Neuropsychologia 46.5 (2008): 1349-1362.

Kuhl, Patricia K. et al. “Early Speech Perception and Later Language Development: Implications for the “Critical Period””. Language Learning and Development 1.3-4 (2005): 237-264.

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• Anthropology: Definition and Purposes
• Linguistics: Grammar and Language Teaching
• Anthropology: Development, Theories, Policies
• Writing Skills and Knowledges
• Second-Language Acquisition and Phonology
• English in Students' Cultural Competence Development
• Pair-Group Activities for Second Language Learning
• Adult Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar

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Linguistics and Anthropology

2012, In: Dov M. Gabbay, Paul Thagard and John Woods, editors, Philosophy of Linguistics. San Diego: North Holland, 2012, pp. 531-551. ISBN: 978-0-444-51747-0

Anthropology and linguistics share a common intellectual origin in 19th Century scholarship. The impetus that prompted the earliest archaeologists to look for civilizational origins in Greece, early folklorists to look for the origins of culture in folktales and common memory, and the first armchair cultural anthropologist to look for the origins of human customs through comparison of groups of human beings also prompted the earliest linguistic inquiries. This essay traces the relationship between the development of anthropology and linguistics down to modern times including the development of sociolinguistics, ethnography of communication, culture and communication, pragmatics, metapragmatics and other mainstay topics in linguistic anthropology

Related Papers

IJAERS Journal

Aurora Donzelli

Linguistic anthropologists share a number of epistemological, methodological, and ethical concerns with scholars of Linguistics who are interested in documenting and describing historical-natural languages (be these endangered languages spoken by only a few speakers or hegemonic world languages spoken by several million people). However, despite the remarkable affinities that connect Linguistic Anthropology with a wide range of Linguistics sub-fields (such as Documentary and Field Linguistics, Pragmatics, and Applied Linguistics), practitioners within these related disciplines often behave as if they belong to radically distinct scientific communities. The aim of this course is to explore and question the reasons for this divide. Through a series of selected readings we will discuss the complex intertwining of scientific, historical, and political factors responsible for the emergence of these disciplinary boundaries and we will try to formulate possible grounds for dialogue and collaboration across Linguistics and Linguistic Anthropology. In order to do so the selected material will have two main focuses: 1) On the one hand, the readings will provide an account of the intellectual genealogy of Linguistic Anthropology by charting out its intersections and disjunctures with cognate disciplines such as Conversation Analysis, Ethnomethodology, Interactional Sociolinguistics, Ethnography of Communication, Ethnographic Linguistics, Ethnopragmatics, and Ethnoscience. 2) On the other hand, the readings will address some key notions within linguistic and anthropological scholarship and will highlight the “theoretical unsaid” that often lies behind (or beneath) them. This endeavor will help shed light on how students of Linguistic Anthropology and Linguistics often employ similar notions (such as culture, context, language, competence, speech community, identity, and ideology), but give them very different meanings. By unraveling the process through which Linguistic Anthropology has come to be established as a field of research in its own right (#1) and uncovering the tacit assumptions lying behind some of its key notions (#2) the course aims at providing a compass to navigate in the fast growing body of literature concerning the relation between language, culture, and society.

Journal of Pragmatics

Leila Monaghan

Amina Boucekkine

Marcia del Río

Shantya Melsi

A. COURSE OBJECTIVE After learning the topic of the linguistics and related disciplines, the students are able to know and understand about the close relationship between linguistics and other related disciplines. B. COURSE DESCRIPTION Linguists are not the only people interested in the study of language, anthropologists, philosophers, psychologists, and language teachers have long been interested in language, and linguistics has close ties with each of the other disciplines. These ties have been stronger at some times than others as interests change and as the influence of one discipline on another grow or diminishes. a. Linguistics and Anthropology It is clear that linguistics is linguistics is the study of language, not any particular language, but human language in general. It can be assumed that it lerns about how the language changes, how meaning is changed and others. Meanwhile, anthropology is the study of humans, past and present, that build knowledge from social sciences, biological sciences, humanities, and the natural sciences. Humans have one particular language, and the language in one group is a crucial window in culture. Linguistics and anthropology have close relationship in our daily life. The relationship between them is called as socio-cultural anthropology. The relationship between anthropology and linguistics can be seen from the following examples. Linguists usually conduct long periods of fieldwork living with people who speak the language they are studying. They examine language and the emotions; ritual and performance; language shift and multilingualism; connections between language, ethnicity, nationalism, and political systems. For example, linguists are interested in investigated the development of Baduy language; they investigate how they use their

Journal of Sociolinguistics

Jenny Cook-Gumperz

Nico Nassenstein

The interplay between language and culture has fascinated researchers from various disciplines since the work of Franz Boas (1858-1942) or even Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) and Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803). Since then, an interdisciplinary field has developed at the intersection of cultural/social anthropology and linguistics, referred to as either "anthropological linguistics" or "linguistic anthropology" (henceforth AL/LA), along with a few other (competing) denominations (to be discussed below). The broad field of research that focuses on language and culture encompasses several research traditions that approach the subject from different perspectives, the most important of which are discussed in this introduction. Although it is a common feature of all humans to use language for the purpose of social interaction, the world's languages exhibit a high degree of variation at all linguistic levels (see, e.g., Evans and Levinson 2009 for a concise overview). Cultural-historical factors have a considerable impact on this cross-linguistic variation, interacting with the constraints of human cognition which set the framework for diversification. Societies provide different cultural contexts in which languages are embedded. Individual languages serve to express culture-specific ideas, they are associated with cultural identity, and they are a medium for social interaction within a specific community; language choice, linguistic forms, and verbal practices convey cultural meaning. The overarching research goal of anthropological linguistics or linguistic anthropology, therefore, is to examine the ways in which and the extent to which cultural aspects affect cross-linguistic diversity and language change. The emergence of the study of language and culture, its fusion into an interdisciplinary field combining methods and features of linguistics and social/cultural anthropology, its overlap with neighboring subdisciplines of linguistics, and the topics addressed in this book are discussed in the following sections.

Teaching Anthropology: Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges Notes

Alessandro Duranti

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Essay on Negation

For a linguistic anthropology.

Paolo Virno

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Language and Linguistics:

Literature and Literary Criticism: Romance Languages

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"In spite of the wide spectrum of applications in which the term ‘not’ is being situated, the book of Virno maintains its unity of object,while the originality of its concept lies in its combinatory power of perspectives and abundance of details; fundamental as it may be in human conversation and thought, the‘negative’ definitely got the affirmative attention that it deserves!"

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Home — Essay Samples — Arts & Culture — Cultural Anthropology — The Relationship Between Cultural And Linguistic Anthropology

The Relationship Between Cultural and Linguistic Anthropology

• Categories: Cultural Anthropology Linguistics

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Published: Jun 9, 2021

Words: 1367 | Pages: 3 | 7 min read

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Introduction, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology.

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