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How to Write a Master's Thesis: A Guide to Planning Your Thesis, Pursuing It, and Avoiding Pitfalls

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Part 1: Initial Considerations

Who needs to write a master’s thesis.

Thesis writing is one of the more daunting challenges of higher education. That being said, not all master's students have to write a thesis. For example, fields that place a stronger emphasis on applied knowledge, such as nursing, business, and education, tend to have projects and exams to test students on the skills and abilities associated with those fields. Conversely, in disciplines that require in-depth research or highly polished creative abilities, students are usually expected to prove their understanding and independence with a thesis.

What's Your Goal?

Do you want to write a thesis? The process is a long one, often spanning years. It's best to know exactly what you want before you begin. Many people are motivated by career goals. For example, hiring managers may see a master's degree as proof that the candidate is an expert within their field and can lead, motivate, and demonstrate initiative for themselves and others. Others dream of earning their doctorate, and they see a master's degree as a stepping stone toward their Ph.D .

No matter what your desired goal is, you should have one before you start your thesis. With your goal in mind, your work will have a purpose, which will allow you to measure your progress more easily.

Major Types of Theses

Once you've carefully researched or even enrolled in a master's program—a feat that involves its own planning and resources —you should know if you are expected to produce a quantitative (which occurs in many math and science programs), qualitative (which occurs in many humanities programs), or creative (which occurs in many creative writing, music, or fine arts programs) thesis.

Time and Energy Considerations

Advanced degrees are notoriously time and energy consuming. If you have a job, thesis writing will become your second job. If you have a family, they will need to know that your thesis will take a great deal of your attention, energy, and focus.

Your studies should not consume you, but they also should not take a back seat to everything else. You will be expected to attend classes, conduct research, source relevant literature, and schedule meetings with various people as you pursue your master's, so it's important to let those you care about know what's going on.

As a general note, most master's programs expect students to finish within a two-year period but are willing to grant extra time if requested, especially if that time is needed to deal with unexpected life events (more on those later).

Part 2: Form an Initial Thesis Question, and Find a Supervisor

When to begin forming your initial thesis question.

Some fields, such as history, may require you to have already formed your thesis question and to have used it to create a statement of intent (outlining the nature of your research) prior to applying to a master’s program. Others may require this information only after you've been accepted. Most of the time, you will be expected to come up with your topic yourself. However, in some disciplines, your supervisor may assign a general research topic to you.

Overall, requirements vary immensely from program to program, so it's best to confirm the exact requirements of your specific program.

What to Say to Your Supervisor

You will have a supervisor during your master's studies. Have you identified who that person will be? If yes, have you introduced yourself via email or phone and obtained information on the processes and procedures that are in place for your master's program? Once you've established contact, request an in-person meeting with him or her, and take a page of questions along with you. Your questions might include:

• Is there a research subject you can recommend in my field?
• I would like to pursue [target research subject] for my thesis. Can you help me narrow my focus?
• Can you give me an example of a properly formatted thesis proposal for my program?

Don't Be Afraid to Ask for Help (to a Degree)

Procedures and expectations vary from program to program, and your supervisor is there to help remove doubt and provide encouragement so you can follow the right path when you embark on writing your thesis. Since your supervisor has almost certainly worked with other graduate students (and was one at some point), take advantage of their experience, and ask questions to put your mind at ease about how to write a master’s thesis.

That being said, do not rely too heavily on your supervisor. As a graduate student, you are also expected to be able to work independently. Proving your independent initiative and capacity is part of what will earn you your master's degree.

Part 3: Revise Your Thesis

Read everything you can get your hands on.

Whether you have a question or need to create one, your next step is simple and applies to all kinds of theses: read.

Seek Out Knowledge or Research Gaps

Read everything you can that relates to the question or the field you are studying. The only way you will be able to determine where you can go is to see where everyone else has been. After you have read some published material, you will start to spot gaps in current research or notice things that could be developed further with an alternative approach. Things that are known but not understood or understood but not explained clearly or consistently are great potential thesis subjects. Addressing something already known from a new perspective or with a different style could also be a potentially valuable project. Whichever way you choose to do it, keep in mind that your project should make a valuable contribution to your field.

Talk with Experts in Your Field (and Don't Be Afraid to Revise Your Thesis)

To help narrow down your thesis topic, talk to your supervisor. Your supervisor will have an idea of what is current in your field and what can be left alone because others are already working on it. Additionally, the school you are attending will have programs and faculty with particular areas of interest within your chosen field.

On a similar note, don't be surprised if your thesis question changes as you study. Other students and researchers are out there, and as they publish, what you are working on can change. You might also discover that your question is too vague, not substantial enough, or even no longer relevant. Do not lose heart! Take what you know and adjust the question to address these concerns as they arise. The freedom to adapt is part of the power you hold as a graduate student.

Part 4: Select a Proposal Committee

What proposal committees are and why they're useful.

When you have a solid question or set of questions, draft a proposal.

You'll need an original stance and a clear justification for asking, and answering, your thesis question. To ensure this, a committee will review your thesis proposal. Thankfully, that committee will consist of people assigned by your supervisor or department head or handpicked by you. These people will be experts who understand your field of study and will do everything in their power to ensure that you are pursuing something worthwhile. And yes, it is okay to put your supervisor on your committee. Some programs even require that your supervisor be on your committee.

Just remember that the committee will expect you to schedule meetings with them, present your proposal, respond to any questions they might have for you, and ultimately present your findings and thesis when all the work is done. Choose those who are willing to support you, give constructive feedback, and help address issues with your proposal. And don't forget to give your proposal a good, thorough edit and proofread before you present it.

How to Prepare for Committee Meetings

Be ready for committee meetings with synopses of your material for committee members, answers for expected questions, and a calm attitude. To prepare for those meetings, sit in on proposal and thesis defenses so you can watch how other graduate students handle them and see what your committee might ask of you. You can even hold rehearsals with friends and fellow students acting as your committee to help you build confidence for your presentation.

Part 5: Write Your Thesis

What to do once your proposal is approved.

After you have written your thesis proposal and received feedback from your committee, the fun part starts: doing the work. This is where you will take your proposal and carry it out. If you drafted a qualitative or quantitative proposal, your experimentation or will begin here. If you wrote a creative proposal, you will now start working on your material. Your proposal should be strong enough to give you direction when you perform your experiments, conduct interviews, or craft your work. Take note that you will have to check in with your supervisor from time to time to give progress updates.

Thesis Writing: It's Important to Pace Yourself and Take Breaks

Do not expect the work to go quickly. You will need to pace yourself and make sure you record your progress meticulously. You can always discard information you don't need, but you cannot go back and grab a crucial fact that you can't quite remember. When in doubt, write it down. When drawing from a source, always create a citation for the information to save your future self time and stress. In the same sense, you may also find journaling to be a helpful process.

Additionally, take breaks and allow yourself to step away from your thesis, even if you're having fun (and especially if you're not). Ideally, your proposal should have milestones in it— points where you can stop and assess what you've already completed and what's left to do. When you reach a milestone, celebrate. Take a day off and relax. Better yet, give yourself a week's vacation! The rest will help you regain your focus and ensure that you function at your best.

How to Become More Comfortable with Presenting Your Work

Once you start reaching your milestones, you should be able to start sharing what you have. Just about everyone in a graduate program has experience giving a presentation at the front of the class, attending a seminar, or watching an interview. If you haven't (or even if you have), look for conferences and clubs that will give you the opportunity to learn about presenting your work and become comfortable with the idea of public speaking. The more you practice talking about what you are studying, the more comfortable you'll be with the information, which will make your committee defenses and other official meetings easier.

Published authors can be called upon to present at conferences, and if your thesis is strong, you may receive an email or a phone call asking if you would share your findings onstage.

Presenting at conferences is also a great way to boost your CV and network within your field. Make presenting part of your education, and it will become something you look forward to instead of fear.

What to Do If Your Relationship with Your Supervisor Sours

A small aside: If it isn't already obvious, you will be communicating extensively with others as you pursue your thesis. That also means that others will need to communicate with you, and if you've been noticing things getting quiet, you will need to be the one to speak up. Your supervisor should speak to you at least once a term and preferably once a week in the more active parts of your research and writing. If you give written work to your supervisor, you should have feedback within three weeks.

If your supervisor does not provide feedback, frequently misses appointments, or is consistently discouraging of your work, contact your graduate program advisor and ask for a new supervisor. The relationship with your supervisor is crucial to your success, especially if she or he is on your committee, and while your supervisor does not have to be friendly, there should at least be professional respect between you.

What to Do If a Crisis Strikes

If something happens in your life that disrupts everything (e.g., emotional strain, the birth of a child, or the death of a family member), ask for help. You are a human being, and personal lives can and do change without warning. Do not wait until you are falling apart before asking for help, either. Learn what resources exist for crises before you have one, so you can head off trauma before it hits. That being said, if you get blindsided, don't refuse help. Seek it out, and take the time you need to recover. Your degree is supposed to help you become a stronger and smarter person, not break you.

Part 6: Polish and Defend Your Master's Thesis

How to write a master’s thesis: the final stages.

After your work is done and everything is written down, you will have to give your thesis a good, thorough polishing. This is where you will have to organize the information, draft it into a paper format with an abstract, and abbreviate things to help meet your word-count limit. This is also where your final editing and proofreading passes will occur, after which you will face your final hurdle: presenting your thesis defense to your committee. If they approve your thesis, then congratulations! You are now a master of your chosen field.

Conclusion and Parting Thoughts

Remember that you do not (and should not) have to learn how to write a master’s thesis on your own. Thesis writing is collaborative, as is practically any kind of research.

While you will be expected to develop your thesis using your own initiative, pursue it with your own ambition, and complete it with your own abilities, you will also be expected to use all available resources to do so. The purpose of a master's thesis is to help you develop your own independent abilities, ensuring that you can drive your own career forward without constantly looking to others to provide direction. Leaders get master's degrees. That's why many business professionals in leadership roles have graduate degree initials after their last names. If you already have the skills necessary to motivate yourself, lead others, and drive change, you may only need your master's as an acknowledgement of your abilities. If you do not, but you apply yourself carefully and thoroughly to the pursuit of your thesis, you should come away from your studies with those skills in place.

A final thought regarding collaboration: all theses have a section for acknowledgements. Be sure to say thank you to those who helped you become a master. One day, someone might be doing the same for you.

Image source: Falkenpost/Pixabay.com 

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How to write a masters dissertation or thesis: top tips.

It is completely normal to find the idea of writing a masters thesis or dissertation slightly daunting, even for students who have written one before at undergraduate level. Though, don’t feel put off by the idea. You’ll have plenty of time to complete it, and plenty of support from your supervisor and peers.

One of the main challenges that students face is putting their ideas and findings into words. Writing is a skill in itself, but with the right advice, you’ll find it much easier to get into the flow of writing your masters thesis or dissertation.

We’ve put together a step-by-step guide on how to write a dissertation or thesis for your masters degree, with top tips to consider at each stage in the process.

1. Understand your dissertation (or thesis) topic

There are slight differences between theses and dissertations , although both require a high standard of writing skill and knowledge in your topic. They are also formatted very similarly.

At first, writing a masters thesis can feel like running a 100m race – the course feels very quick and like there is not as much time for thinking! However, you’ll usually have a summer semester dedicated to completing your dissertation – giving plenty of time and space to write a strong academic piece.

By comparison, writing a PhD thesis can feel like running a marathon, working on the same topic for 3-4 years can be laborious. But in many ways, the approach to both of these tasks is quite similar.

Before writing your masters dissertation, get to know your research topic inside out. Not only will understanding your topic help you conduct better research, it will also help you write better dissertation content.

Also consider the main purpose of your dissertation. You are writing to put forward a theory or unique research angle – so make your purpose clear in your writing.

Top writing tip: when researching your topic, look out for specific terms and writing patterns used by other academics. It is likely that there will be a lot of jargon and important themes across research papers in your chosen dissertation topic. 

2. Structure your dissertation or thesis

Writing a thesis is a unique experience and there is no general consensus on what the best way to structure it is. 

As a postgraduate student , you’ll probably decide what kind of structure suits your research project best after consultation with your supervisor. You’ll also have a chance to look at previous masters students’ theses in your university library.

To some extent, all postgraduate dissertations are unique. Though they almost always consist of chapters. The number of chapters you cover will vary depending on the research. 

A masters dissertation or thesis organised into chapters would typically look like this: 

Write down your structure and use these as headings that you’ll write for later on.

Top writing tip : ease each chapter together with a paragraph that links the end of a chapter to the start of a new chapter. For example, you could say something along the lines of “in the next section, these findings are evaluated in more detail”. This makes it easier for the reader to understand each chapter and helps your writing flow better.

3. Write up your literature review

One of the best places to start when writing your masters dissertation is with the literature review. This involves researching and evaluating existing academic literature in order to identify any gaps for your own research.

Many students prefer to write the literature review chapter first, as this is where several of the underpinning theories and concepts exist. This section helps set the stage for the rest of your dissertation, and will help inform the writing of your other dissertation chapters.

What to include in your literature review

The literature review chapter is more than just a summary of existing research, it is an evaluation of how this research has informed your own unique research.

Demonstrate how the different pieces of research fit together. Are there overlapping theories? Are there disagreements between researchers?

Highlight the gap in the research. This is key, as a dissertation is mostly about developing your own unique research. Is there an unexplored avenue of research? Has existing research failed to disprove a particular theory?

Back up your methodology. Demonstrate why your methodology is appropriate by discussing where it has been used successfully in other research.

4. Write up your research

Your research is the heart and soul of your dissertation. Conducting your actual research is a whole other topic in itself, but it’s important to consider that your research design will heavily influence the way you write your final dissertation.

For instance, a more theoretical-based research topic might encompass more writing from a philosophical perspective. Qualitative data might require a lot more evaluation and discussion than quantitative research. 

Methodology chapter

The methodology chapter is all about how you carried out your research and which specific techniques you used to gather data. You should write about broader methodological approaches (e.g. qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods), and then go into more detail about your chosen data collection strategy. 

Data collection strategies include things like interviews, questionnaires, surveys, content analyses, discourse analyses and many more.

Data analysis and findings chapters

The data analysis or findings chapter should cover what you actually discovered during your research project. It should be detailed, specific and objective (don’t worry, you’ll have time for evaluation later on in your dissertation)

Write up your findings in a way that is easy to understand. For example, if you have a lot of numerical data, this could be easier to digest in tables.

This will make it easier for you to dive into some deeper analysis in later chapters. Remember, the reader will refer back to your data analysis section to cross-reference your later evaluations against your actual findings – so presenting your data in a simple manner is beneficial.

Think about how you can segment your data into categories. For instance, it can be useful to segment interview transcripts by interviewee. 

Top writing tip : write up notes on how you might phrase a certain part of the research. This will help bring the best out of your writing. There is nothing worse than when you think of the perfect way to phrase something and then you completely forget it.

5. Discuss and evaluate

Once you’ve presented your findings, it’s time to evaluate and discuss them.

It might feel difficult to differentiate between your findings and discussion sections, because you are essentially talking about the same data. The easiest way to remember the difference is that your findings simply present the data, whereas your discussion tells the story of this data.

Your evaluation breaks the story down, explaining the key findings, what went well and what didn’t go so well.

In your discussion chapter, you’ll have chance to expand on the results from your findings section. For example, explain what certain numbers mean and draw relationships between different pieces of data.

Top writing tip: don’t be afraid to point out the shortcomings of your research. You will receive higher marks for writing objectively. For example, if you didn’t receive as many interview responses as expected, evaluate how this has impacted your research and findings. Don’t let your ego get in the way!

6. Write your introduction

Your introduction sets the scene for the rest of your masters dissertation. You might be wondering why writing an introduction isn't at the start of our step-by-step list, and that’s because many students write this chapter last.

Here’s what your introduction chapter should cover:

Problem statement

Research question

Significance of your research

This tells the reader what you’ll be researching as well as its importance. You’ll have a good idea of what to include here from your original dissertation proposal , though it’s fairly common for research to change once it gets started.

Writing or at least revisiting this section last can be really helpful, since you’ll have a more well-rounded view of what your research actually covers once it has been completed and written up.

Masters dissertation writing tips

When to start writing your thesis or dissertation.

When you should start writing your masters thesis or dissertation depends on the scope of the research project and the duration of your course. In some cases, your research project may be relatively short and you may not be able to write much of your thesis before completing the project. 

But regardless of the nature of your research project and of the scope of your course, you should start writing your thesis or at least some of its sections as early as possible, and there are a number of good reasons for this:

Academic writing is about practice, not talent. The first steps of writing your dissertation will help you get into the swing of your project. Write early to help you prepare in good time.

Write things as you do them. This is a good way to keep your dissertation full of fresh ideas and ensure that you don’t forget valuable information.

The first draft is never perfect. Give yourself time to edit and improve your dissertation. It’s likely that you’ll need to make at least one or two more drafts before your final submission.

Writing early on will help you stay motivated when writing all subsequent drafts.

Thinking and writing are very connected. As you write, new ideas and concepts will come to mind. So writing early on is a great way to generate new ideas.

How to improve your writing skills

The best way of improving your dissertation or thesis writing skills is to:

 Finish the first draft of your masters thesis as early as possible and send it to your supervisor for revision. Your supervisor will correct your draft and point out any writing errors. This process will be repeated a few times which will help you recognise and correct writing mistakes yourself as time progresses.

If you are not a native English speaker, it may be useful to ask your English friends to read a part of your thesis and warn you about any recurring writing mistakes. Read our section on English language support for more advice. 

Most universities have writing centres that offer writing courses and other kinds of support for postgraduate students. Attending these courses may help you improve your writing and meet other postgraduate students with whom you will be able to discuss what constitutes a well-written thesis.

Read academic articles and search for writing resources on the internet. This will help you adopt an academic writing style, which will eventually become effortless with practice.

Keep track of your bibliography 

When studying for your masters dissertation, you will need to develop an efficient way of organising your bibliography – this will prevent you from getting lost in large piles of data that you’ll need to write your dissertation. 

The easiest way to keep the track of all the articles you have read for your research is to create a database where you can summarise each article/chapter into a few most important bullet points to help you remember their content. 

Another useful tool for doing this effectively is to learn how to use specific reference management software (RMS) such as EndNote. RMS is relatively simple to use and saves a lot of time when it comes to organising your bibliography. This may come in very handy, especially if your reference section is suspiciously missing two hours before you need to submit your dissertation! 

Avoid accidental plagiarism

Plagiarism may cost you your postgraduate degree and it is important that you consciously avoid it when writing your thesis or dissertation. 

Occasionally, postgraduate students commit plagiarism unintentionally. This can happen when sections are copy and pasted from journal articles they are citing instead of simply rephrasing them. Whenever you are presenting information from another academic source, make sure you reference the source and avoid writing the statement exactly as it is written in the original paper.

What kind of format should your thesis have?

Read your university’s guidelines before you actually start writing your thesis so you don’t have to waste time changing the format further down the line. However in general, most universities will require you to use 1.5-2 line spacing, font size 12 for text, and to print your thesis on A4 paper. These formatting guidelines may not necessarily result in the most aesthetically appealing thesis, however beauty is not always practical, and a nice looking thesis can be a more tiring reading experience for your postgrad examiner .

When should I submit my thesis?

The length of time it takes to complete your MSc or MA thesis will vary from student to student. This is because people work at different speeds, projects vary in difficulty, and some projects encounter more problems than others. 

Obviously, you should submit your MSc thesis or MA thesis when it is finished! Every university will say in its regulations that it is the student who must decide when it is ready to submit. 

However, your supervisor will advise you whether your work is ready and you should take their advice on this. If your supervisor says that your work is not ready, then it is probably unwise to submit it. Usually your supervisor will read your final thesis or dissertation draft and will let you know what’s required before submitting your final draft.

Set yourself a target for completion. This will help you stay on track and avoid falling behind. You may also only have funding for the year, so it is important to ensure you submit your dissertation before the deadline – and also ensure you don’t miss out on your graduation ceremony ! 

To set your target date, work backwards from the final completion and submission date, and aim to have your final draft completed at least three months before that final date.

Don’t leave your submission until the last minute – submit your work in good time before the final deadline. Consider what else you’ll have going on around that time. Are you moving back home? Do you have a holiday? Do you have other plans?

If you need to have finished by the end of June to be able to go to a graduation ceremony in July, then you should leave a suitable amount of time for this. You can build this into your dissertation project planning at the start of your research.

It is important to remember that handing in your thesis or dissertation is not the end of your masters program . There will be a period of time of one to three months between the time you submit and your final day. Some courses may even require a viva to discuss your research project, though this is more common at PhD level . 

If you have passed, you will need to make arrangements for the thesis to be properly bound and resubmitted, which will take a week or two. You may also have minor corrections to make to the work, which could take up to a month or so. This means that you need to allow a period of at least three months between submitting your thesis and the time when your program will be completely finished. Of course, it is also possible you may be asked after the viva to do more work on your thesis and resubmit it before the examiners will agree to award the degree – so there may be an even longer time period before you have finished.

How do I submit the MA or MSc dissertation?

Most universities will have a clear procedure for submitting a masters dissertation. Some universities require your ‘intention to submit’. This notifies them that you are ready to submit and allows the university to appoint an external examiner.

This normally has to be completed at least three months before the date on which you think you will be ready to submit.

When your MA or MSc dissertation is ready, you will have to print several copies and have them bound. The number of copies varies between universities, but the university usually requires three – one for each of the examiners and one for your supervisor.

However, you will need one more copy – for yourself! These copies must be softbound, not hardbound. The theses you see on the library shelves will be bound in an impressive hardback cover, but you can only get your work bound like this once you have passed. 

You should submit your dissertation or thesis for examination in soft paper or card covers, and your university will give you detailed guidance on how it should be bound. They will also recommend places where you can get the work done.

The next stage is to hand in your work, in the way and to the place that is indicated in your university’s regulations. All you can do then is sit and wait for the examination – but submitting your thesis is often a time of great relief and celebration!

Some universities only require a digital submission, where you upload your dissertation as a file through their online submission system.

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Full course description

The final requirement to obtain the MSc degree is to write a MSc thesis on a topic related to the curriculum. Students are expected to do a substantial amount of work on their theses throughout both years but especially during the last semester of the second year. The MSc thesis is an individually written piece of work of academic quality, aiming at publication in an academic journal. The thesis should present the conclusions of the research done in an academic and professional way. In preparation for the submission of the thesis regular meetings are organized, both between the student and the supervisor(s), as well as in group meetings to present and discuss work-in-progress.

Course objectives

• demonstrate advanced and precise knowledge and understanding of aspects of European integration, as well as the theories and methods to study European integration as a process, as well as its limitations;
• be able to use relevant and appropriate concepts and theories;
• be able to apply appropriate analytical methods to the study of European integration;
• be able to formulate a relevant research question and to design, plan and implement an independent research project;
• be able to conduct an extensive review of relevant academic literature;
• be able to critically select and process data and to develop a level of abstraction that allows seeing beyond the data;
• achieve a balanced and critical interpretation of research results in comparison to existing knowledge;
• be able express ideas and findings in written English to an advanced level;
• can engage in a process of critical self-reflection and make constructive use of feedback from the thesis supervisor and from peers ;
• to acquire advanced knowledge of how to integrate substantive, theoretical and methodological knowledge;
• to select and apply, depending on the specialisation, the appropriate historical, qualitative or quantitative social science research methods to analyse new research puzzles and questions in the multi- and interdisciplinary field of European Studies; to integrate and apply substantive knowledge, theories and methods from the multi- and interdisciplinary field of European Studies to new research puzzles so as to facilitate substantive, theoretical and methodological innovation;
• integrate substantive and methodological knowledge as a basis to develop evidence-based arguments.

Prerequisites

RES5510, RES5511, RES5030

Recommended reading

• T. Conzelmann

•  Twitter

How to write an MSc thesis: a terrible guide that no one should follow.

Published by matthew (@mceep) on 26 august 2015 26 august 2015.

Update: By popular demand  this blog post is now available as a downloadable PDF .

Last week, I had the always very enjoyable experience of marking MSc theses. This year I had 5 to mark in a week – which was about all I could manage without burning out. But as I read them, I thought that I should share some notes of wisdom on how you should set out an MSc thesis so that you can be sure to get the highest mark. Below are some tips from a veteran MSc thesis marker. I hope that many of you find it a useful resource and possibly a gold standard to follow.

Note: Although ridiculous sounding, I have at some point seen ALL of these in MSc theses over the years. Just not all in the same thesis. Thankfully…

This is going to be the first thing any examiner reads, so be sure to set the tone well here. For example, the rest of your thesis is likely to be riddled with typos so be sure that the abstract has plenty too – you don’t want to give the examiner a false expectation.

Now many people say that an abstract should be a brief outline of the work and the conclusions from the thesis. I always feel that this gives far too much away. No-one wants to read a book where the plot is all spoilt in the first few pages. Be as obscure and vague as possible to ensure that you don’t give anything away.

Introduction

The introduction is also where you’ll be looking to prove your knowledge of the area.  This is often referred to as the literature survey. However, examiners want to see how much knowledge you’ve retained without looking at books or wikipedia. The more books or papers you cite, the more they’ll think you spent all your time looking up things you really should have known.

If you do need to use any sources, then be sure to show the examiner that you only need a quick reminder by referencing wikipedia or just ‘google’. Books and papers are long and hard to read – the examiner won’t be impressed if you had to waste valuable time reading them.

If you really need to use references, then at the very least be sure to hide this and make the referencing as impenetrable as possible. Try switching styles mid-paragraph and even where possible, reference the wrong text.

Materials & Methods

Now as an MSc project, you don’t have a lot of time and you’re probably coming in to a project that already has some existing code or methods. It’s from here that you will then add your own methods . However, examiners hate boastful students and so you want to be sure to be as oblique as possible about which methods you developed and which were provided for you. You want to give the impression that some work was done but you don’t want to make a fuss about who did it. This way the examiners will feel you are being modest and are bound to give you more marks for not trying to upsell your work. If you think someone could clearly identify the work you did then you need to rewrite it and add a little more doubt.

But that’s not to say you should be too descriptive. Remember that science is a business and you need to show that you can be trusted with sensitive information. Examiners don’t want to see you openly giving away all your intellectual property and know-how in an easy to read thesis. They want to see you explain your methods as sparsely as possible to prevent anyone stealing your genius ideas.

Results & Discussion

In most marking schemes this is the place that gets the most marks. Showing you can analyse and present your data is really the core of a thesis. But with marks come the opportunity to lose marks. The easiest way through this minefield of a section is to be brief and concise. Give the examiner as few opportunities to take marks away as possible. Wordy, in-depth explanation of results will only provide opportunities for the examiner to disagree with you.

When you do have to eventually describe the text, try to stick to certainties. You don’t want to get lost in speculation about what the data might show. Writing detailed descriptions of your graphs is really the most you need to aim for, and don’t be shy about telling people how “pointy” or “flat” the data is – crack out the adjectives and upgrade those dull descriptions to “very pointy” or “really flat”.

Speaking of graphs and data, these too need plenty of consideration. Your exciting descriptions are nothing if you don’t have something to describe. Although, don’t get too hung up on what they show as the examiners are really just looking for some data, it doesn’t need to be relevant. Even graphs so poorly scaled you can’t see the features will do, just the mearest existence of a wiggly line on something that looks like a graph is enough to convey the work you’ve done.

Analysing this data further can be tricky too but provided you always stick to the old favourites of applying a linear fit and p-values, examiners will be pleased that you’ve shown willingness. In fact, the only time you shouldn’t add a linear fit is if the graph already looks like it would fit a straight line – that would just be patronising to the examiner.

Conclusions

Here is your opportunity to really put everything in to its relevant context. But you don’t want to make things to easy, every good story has an air of doubt about the ending, to leave the reader wanting more. So when you write about your conclusions, it’s best not to link any of them back to the original aims or objectives. This will leave the examiner always wondering if those questions have been answered. This will make them far more likely to want to pass you and then examine your PhD thesis to find out the twist ending.

Now that you’ve spent most of the thesis talking about your work, the conclusion is also a great place to talk about how the project has affected you personally. Be sure to include some notes about how it’s made you feel and how you think this will impact your career. As an examiner, it’s easy to loose focus on the person and it’s always nice to hear about their hopes and dreams.

In the thesis you may have not been able to quite fit in all the data you collected over your 3-6 month project. In fact, you probably didn’t even manage to talk about it all in the main body of the text. Well, examiners love nothing more than reprocessing your data in its entirety to draw their own conclusions. Be sure to include every scrap of code or data in the appendices with little or no explanation or labelling. If your appendix isn’t twice the length of the actual thesis then you’ve not added enough superfluous unused data.

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Matthew (@MCeeP) · 26 August 2015 at 15:21

Just found an MSc thesis online with this title art. Please, no! #phdchat pic.twitter.com/EypydB3Tx8 — Olly Pritchard (@olly_pritchard) August 26, 2015

Micheal Reading · 26 August 2015 at 16:58

‘3 – 6 Month project’! I really think it could be done much faster than that, I wrote mine in just one month and got a very high grade. (No bragging intended just telling it how it is).

I agree about most points though, typos are the absolute worst, you can so easily eliminate them these days it just hangs a sign on your work telling the marker you haven’t tried at all, even if you have.

I used tools like citethisforme and books like The Five Day Dissertation . Work smarter, not harder!

Matthew (@MCeeP) · 26 August 2015 at 19:28

Here the MSc course is ~12months. But ~6 months of that is lectures, on some course there is then a group project for 2-3 months and then an individual one that results in the thesis. So in 3 months they have to do the work and write the thesis. It’s pretty impressive, particularly the many many students that do the exact opposite of this blog and write really good work.

I’ll have to have a look at the book, interesting title 😛

How to prepare an academic poster: a terrible guide that no one should follow… – ErrantScience · 8 February 2019 at 22:15

[…] but is unsure of what exactly is best practice. Regular readers may remember my very popular ‘guide to writing an MSc thesis‘ – which is now used at several […]

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Graduate Studies

Completing your masters degree – thesis.

Your first step regarding any questions with respect to writing your thesis is to  consult the  School of Graduate Studies’ Guide for the Preparation of Master’s and Doctoral Theses . All graduate theses must conform to the style and form requirements as detailed in the Guide.

Step 1. Write

Need help? If you have any questions or need assistance, please email [email protected].

1. Sample formats

Please consult the Guide for the Preparation of Theses for samples on how to format your thesis.

2. Referencing

Per the Guide for the Preparation of Theses: The text of the standard graduate thesis consists of the Introduction section or chapter, followed by several well-defined sections or chapters, which contain the research results, finishing with a Conclusion and Discussion section or chapter, or a summary statement of the results of the investigation. The List of References section (or bibliography) follows the text, and any appendices follow this.

Please consult the Guide for the Preparation of Theses for more detailed information on references and further resources that you can consult for referencing help.

3. Sandwich theses

If some of the research undertaken expressly for the degree has previously been published or prepared by the student as one or more journal articles, or parts of books, those items may be included within the thesis subject to the School of Graduate Studies’ regulations and to obtaining permission from the supervisory committee.

Please consult the Guide for the Preparation Theses – download via Quick Links to the right – for more detailed information on Sandwich Theses.

4. E-Thesis file name conventions

For your e-thesis to be published via MacSphere, the final version of your thesis should be named using the following file naming convention:

familyname_firstname_middleinitial_finalsubmissionyearmonth_degree

5. iThenticate - Plagiarism Checking Software

Effective December 1, 2023, all graduate students who initiate their defence on or after this date, are required to have their thesis run through McMaster’s plagiarism checking software, iThenticate.

iThenticate is a similarity detection tool meant to be used by researchers to check any original works that will be publicly released and who are concerned about potential plagiarism.

According to McMaster’s Research Plagiarism Checking Policy , it is expected that all graduate theses, shall be checked for plagiarism in compliance with this policy. Plagiarism checking is expected to occur prior to the coordination of the defence. Supervisors of Master’s students will need to sign a separate attestation sheet indicating that this has occurred and the document is satisfactory for public disclosure.

Your pre-defence thesis must be uploaded to iThenticate by your primary supervisor before you can initiate your Masters defence.

To protect graduate students’ privacy, only academic supervisors will have access to this software and will be responsible for uploading their student’s theses. It should not be used to check documents submitted to instructors as course assignments.

Step 2. Defend

Before initiating your defence, you should confirm with your supervisor and committee members if applicable, that you are ready to initiate. Your supervisor must also sign a separate attestation sheet prior to initiation, indicating that they have run your thesis through iThenticate and it is satisfactory for public disclosure. Once this is done, contact your department to confirm the program’s defence process. After a successful defence, the chair of the examination committee will inform you of thesis changes required by examiners. After all changes have been made, you must submit this completed form to the School of Graduate Studies for your final submission to be published to MacSphere.

Thesis Defence Submission

You can now check supervisor(s) and academic plan(s)

If any of this information is incorrect, you should contact to your program office before proceeding.

Date and time

For dates and deadlines for defence and upcoming convocation ceremonies please refer to the Dates and Deadlines .

This step allows you to propose a date, time and location. This information will be confirmed by your program office, as they will receive notification after you have completed this process.

Please note your thesis title is required, but you can also add an abstract at this stage.

Please be aware after submission, your program office will assist you with the rest of the process and you should contact them to ensure that all arrangements have been put in place for your defence.

Review and submit

You will be given an opportunity to review before submission. Once you have submitted you will receive a confirmation email that you have successfully initiated the process.

Initiation of Masters defence process

Select My Academics in the Academic tab.

Submission of Intent to initiate a Masters defence

Please consult with your department to see if they require that you initiate a Master’s Defence in Mosaic. All departments will need you to contact your Graduate Administrator to let them know you plan on defending your Master’s thesis. SGS does not require that you initiate a Master’s Defence in Mosaic but your department may have a different requirement. All PhD Defences MUST be initiated in Mosaic.

If your department requires that you initiate

You should select – Thesis Intent – Defend Thesis

This selection is only possible if you are enrolled a research plan type. If the student needs to switch to a research plan type, you should submit a service request for a plan change before initiating the thesis defence process.

Step 3. Submit

Please note that your degree requirements are considered complete when one electronic copy of the thesis, revised as directed by your defence examining committee, is submitted to the School of Graduate Studies through the E-Thesis Submission module in MacSphere.

Final thesis checklist

• ONE electronic copy of the thesis, revised as recommended by the Thesis Examining Committee and approved by the Supervisor/Examining Committee
• A standard 10-12 point font has been used
• TOP and LEFT margins should be 3.8 cm, and RIGHT and BOTTOM margins should be 2.5 cm
• Half-title page
• Descriptive note
• Abstract of 300 words or less
• All preliminary pages are numbered in lower case Roman numerals
• All pages must be numbered. The main body of the thesis, including text, bibliography and appendices, must be numbered continuously using Arabic numerals.

If you have not already done so, please submit the following forms to your department’s graduate administrator. They will submit them to the School of Graduate Studies on your behalf. Your final submission will not be considered complete without this documentation.

• Final Thesis Submission Sheet
• Copyright Permission Form
• Library and Archives Canada Licence (PhD only)
• McMaster University Licence

If you have completed all of the above requirements, you are ready to submit to your thesis.

E-thesis process

• Submit your electronic thesis to MacSphere . Please follow the link and click on ‘Sign on to my MacSphere’ to deposit your thesis. Ensure your thesis is uploaded as a pdf document. Any supporting material can be uploaded in various formats.
• E-thesis file name conventions. For your e-thesis to be published via MacSphere, the final version of your thesis should be named using the following file naming convention:

familyname_firstname_middleinitial_finalsubmissionyearmonth_degree.pdf

How to submit a thesis to MacSphere

• Go to MacSphere.
• On top/right corner click on Sign onto My MacSphere and log in with your MAC ID.
• Click on Start a New Submission .
• Select Collection: Open Access Dissertations and Theses , and click on Manual Submission to begin submitting your dissertation.
• Complete the submission screens as prompted. Once you click on I Grant The License your dissertation will be submitted to SGS for processing.

Links to e-theses in MacSphere are available through a variety of tools. The contents of MacSphere are Google indexed, bringing McMaster scholarship to the attention of a broad range of users. Automated tools will continue to integrate e-theses with other print and electronic library resources in both the local catalogue and integrated catalogues, such as WorldCat.

Theses in physical formats have historically been low-use library materials, however digitized theses are receiving higher usage. Site statistics for theses currently available in McMaster’s MacSphere show several each month are downloaded more than 100 times and many others have multiple downloads.

Embargoed or withheld theses

Embargoed status is intended to protect rights for immediate commercial publication, to obtain a patent which may rise from the research, or as a result of any contract made with a third party. The student may request a postponement of digital publication for up to one year at the time of thesis submission to MacSphere – all such requests are automatically granted. Students who would like to extend this initial period of postponement must apply to the thesis coordinator who will forward the request to the Vice-Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies for determination of whether further publication postponement is warranted. This request must include a full description of why the additional delay is requested and what steps have been taken to address the issues that required the initial delay. No delay of publication more than two years from the initial submission will be permitted.

Please note that you and your supervisor must both sign the delay of publication area on your Final Thesis Submission Sheet. For more information, consult the School of Graduate Studies Calendar .

E-thesis binding

If you choose to have your thesis bound, binding service is available through  pageforpage.com . Via their website, you can print, bind and send your thesis where you wish. However, this is only an option; you may use any binding service that you prefer.

Optional Bound Copies – Should the supervisor and/or department require one or more bound paper copies of your thesis, it is the student’s responsibility to obtain and distribute these bound copies.

Apart from these considerations, the general guidelines for thesis production should be followed.

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• Knowledge Base
• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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See an example

The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

Cite this Scribbr article

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McCombes, S. (2023, August 15). How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 16, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/thesis-statement/

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MSc theses online

MSc theses online is a collection of students' theses successfully defended at Wageningen University.

The database is updated daily. Most of the MSc theses are from 2010 onwards. Not all MSc theses are available in this database.

Use the searchbox below or go directly to MSc theses online .

In MSc theses online you'll find publicly available MSc students' theses defended at Wageningen University. Mostly from 2010 onwards.

Recent MSc theses

Formation of human igg-containing immune complexes and their impact on innate immune training in human monocytes, comparative and diurnal analysis of sun-induced fluorescence as a water stress indicator in arable crops, improving wofost biomass and yield simulations: assimilating leaf area index and canopy nitrogen content with the ensemble kalman filter.

Collecting online MSc theses started in 2010. Therefore, most of the MSc theses in this collection have a publication date of 2010 or later. In some cases, e.g. embargo, the full text of a MSc thesis found in this repository is not yet available. To find more Wageningen University MSc theses, including older hard copies, use the WUR Library Search and search by title and/or author. WUR chair groups have different policies regarding the publication of student theses. Therefore not all MSc theses are available.

• ¿Qué Significan Las Siglas De MSc?

En el ámbito académico, el título MSc es ampliamente conocido y reconocido. Pero, ¿sabes realmente qué significa esta denominación? En este artículo, te explicaremos de manera clara y concisa el significado de las siglas MSc, para que puedas comprender mejor su importancia en el mundo del Master MBA.

¿Sabes qué significa realmente MSc en el mundo de los MASTER MBA?

Msc seashore 2022 | lo que debes de saber del crucero msc, ¿qué significa la sigla msc en el contexto de master mba, ¿cuáles son los beneficios de obtener una titulación msc dentro de un programa de master mba, ¿cuál es la diferencia entre msc y mba en el contexto del programa de estudios de posgrado, ¿qué significa exactamente la sigla msc en el campo del master mba y qué áreas se pueden especializar dentro de este programa, ¿cómo se traduce al español la sigla msc en el contexto de un programa de posgrado en administración de empresas.

El término MSc en el mundo de los MASTER MBA se refiere a la abreviatura de "Master of Science" (Maestría en Ciencias). Es un título de posgrado que se otorga a aquellos estudiantes que han completado con éxito un programa académico enfocado en áreas científicas y técnicas. Mientras que un MBA (Master in Business Administration) se centra en el ámbito empresarial y de gestión, un MSc en el contexto de los MBA puede estar más orientado hacia áreas específicas como finanzas, marketing, operaciones o análisis de datos. Aquellos que obtienen un MSc en negocios pueden tener una ventaja al buscar empleo en industrias especializadas dentro del mundo empresarial, ya que adquieren conocimientos técnicos y habilidades más específicas en su campo de estudio.

La sigla MSc en el contexto de un MASTER MBA generalmente se refiere a "Master of Science". Este título académico se otorga a aquellos estudiantes que han completado con éxito un programa de posgrado enfocado en áreas relacionadas con las ciencias y la tecnología. Aunque el MASTER MBA en sí se centra principalmente en aspectos empresariales y de gestión, muchas instituciones ofrecen la opción de especializarse en una disciplina específica, lo que lleva a la adición de las siglas MSc al título.

Obtener una titulación MSc dentro de un programa de MASTER MBA ofrece numerosos beneficios. En primer lugar, esta combinación de títulos brinda una base sólida tanto en términos de habilidades comerciales como de conocimientos técnicos específicos. Esto puede resultar altamente atractivo para los empleadores, quienes buscan profesionales con un perfil multidisciplinario.

Además, una titulación MSc permite a los graduados adquirir un nivel más profundo de especialización en una determinada área, lo que les brinda una ventaja competitiva en el mercado laboral. También les proporciona herramientas adicionales para abordar los desafíos empresariales desde una perspectiva científica y tecnológica, lo que puede ser especialmente valioso en industrias innovadoras y en constante evolución.

¿En qué disciplinas es común encontrar la sigla MSc en programas de MASTER MBA?

La sigla MSc es comúnmente encontrada en programas de MASTER MBA que se especializan en áreas como la gestión de tecnología, finanzas, marketing, análisis de datos, gestión de operaciones, emprendimiento y consultoría estratégica. Estos programas combinan la formación empresarial con conocimientos técnicos específicos para ofrecer una educación integral.

Por ejemplo, un MASTER MBA con la adición de las siglas MSc en Gestión de Tecnología prepara a los estudiantes para liderar equipos en industrias tecnológicas y abordar los desafíos relacionados con la innovación y la gestión de proyectos técnicos. En cambio, un programa de MASTER MBA con MSc en Finanzas se enfoca en desarrollar habilidades financieras avanzadas y comprensión de los mercados para aquellos interesados en carreras en banca, inversiones o consultoría financiera.

En el contexto de un programa de estudios de posgrado, tanto el MSc (Master of Science) como el MBA (Master of Business Administration) son títulos académicos de posgrado que ofrecen diferentes enfoques educativos y oportunidades profesionales.

El MSc se enfoca principalmente en disciplinas científicas o técnicas, como ingeniería, ciencias de la computación, ciencias de la salud, entre otros. Este programa de estudio busca desarrollar habilidades especializadas en un campo específico a través de una combinación de teoría y práctica. El objetivo principal del MSc es formar expertos en una determinada área de conocimiento, mediante la investigación y la aplicación de métodos científicos.

Por otro lado, el MBA se centra en la gestión empresarial y la administración, brindando una perspectiva amplia y generalista sobre el mundo de los negocios. Los programas de MBA están diseñados para desarrollar habilidades de liderazgo, toma de decisiones estratégicas y gestión de recursos en un entorno empresarial. Estos programas suelen incluir asignaturas relacionadas con finanzas, marketing, recursos humanos, operaciones, emprendimiento, entre otros temas clave. El objetivo principal del MBA es formar profesionales capaces de enfrentar los desafíos y demandas de la alta dirección en diferentes sectores y organizaciones.

En cuanto a las oportunidades profesionales, los titulados en MSc suelen buscar empleo en empresas e instituciones relacionadas con su área de conocimiento específica, desempeñando roles más especializados y técnicos. Por otro lado, los graduados en MBA tienen más probabilidades de ocupar posiciones gerenciales y ejecutivas, en cualquier sector o industria.

En resumen, la diferencia principal entre un MSc y un MBA radica en su enfoque académico y las oportunidades profesionales que ofrecen. El MSc se especializa en una disciplina científica o técnica y busca formar expertos en ese campo, mientras que el MBA se enfoca en la gestión empresarial de manera generalista y tiene como objetivo formar líderes y directivos en el mundo de los negocios.

La sigla MSc en el campo del MASTER MBA significa "Master of Science" o "Máster en Ciencias". Se trata de un título académico de posgrado que se otorga después de completar con éxito un programa de estudios en una determinada área de las ciencias.

Dentro del programa de MASTER MBA, existen diferentes áreas de especialización en las cuales los estudiantes pueden enfocarse según sus intereses y objetivos profesionales. Algunas de las áreas comunes de especialización dentro de este programa incluyen:

- Finanzas: Esta especialización se centra en el análisis financiero, la gestión de inversiones, la planificación financiera y otras áreas relacionadas con la toma de decisiones financieras en las empresas.

- Marketing: En esta área de especialización, se estudian estrategias de marketing, comportamiento del consumidor, investigación de mercados y otras temáticas relacionadas con la promoción y venta de productos y servicios.

- Recursos Humanos: La especialización en recursos humanos se enfoca en el manejo del personal, el reclutamiento y selección, el desarrollo profesional, la gestión del talento y otras áreas relacionadas con la administración del capital humano en las organizaciones.

- Operaciones y Logística: Dentro de esta área, se abordan temas como la gestión de la cadena de suministro, la logística empresarial, la optimización de procesos y la eficiencia operativa.

- Emprendimiento: Esta especialización está orientada a quienes desean desarrollar sus propios negocios o trabajar en empresas emergentes. Se estudian temas relacionados con la creación y gestión de empresas, el análisis de oportunidades de negocio y la innovación empresarial.

Estas son solo algunas de las áreas de especialización comunes en un programa de MASTER MBA. Es importante destacar que la disponibilidad de opciones de especialización puede variar según la institución educativa y el programa específico al que se acceda.

La sigla MSc en el contexto de un programa de posgrado en administración de empresas se traduce al español como Máster en Ciencias o Maestría en Ciencias. En el caso específico del programa de Máster MBA, se refiere a una Maestría en Administración de Empresas.

Si quieres conocer otros artículos similares a ¿Qué Significan Las Siglas De MSc? puedes visitar la categoría Desarrollo profesional .

• ¿Cómo Se Dice A Las Personas Que Tienen Un Máster?
• ¿Cuáles Son Las Carreras Mejor Pagadas En Canadá?

Artículos Relacionados

De España Al Mundo: Perspectivas Internacionales Con Un MBA

¿Cuándo Deberías Estudiar Un MBA? Toma Una Decisión Informada

Las 10 Mejores Escuelas De Negocios Para Estudiar Un MBA En España

El Renacimiento Del MBA: Reviviendo La Excelencia Empresarial

¿Qué Es Mejor Una Licenciatura O Un Máster?

¿Dónde Deberías Hacer Un MBA? Descubre Las Mejores Opciones

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Haz tu tesis de maestría siguiendo esta estructura

¿Cómo hacer una tesis de maestría?

Si has llegado hasta aquí, ¡felicidades! Te encuentras muy cerca de alcanzar tu titulación y, para ayudarte, aquí te contaremos cómo hacer tu tesis de maestría y te diremos cómo se estructura. Además, encontrarás el secreto para terminarla rápidamente. ¿Quieres enterarte de todo? Entonces descubre cómo hacer este escrito con nuestros consejos, ¡quédate hasta el final!

👉 Te puede interesar: Ten en cuenta estos detalles al encargar tu TFM .

¿Qué es una tesis de maestría?

La tesis de maestría es el desafío final que debes superar para alcanzar tu título de máster. Consiste en elaborar un extenso documento académico en el cual desarrolles un tema en profundidad. Otra forma de referirse a este proyecto es TFM o Trabajo Fin de Máster.

Debido a que esta es la última prueba a superar para alcanzar la titulación, deberás hacer un gran trabajo si deseas que te lo aprueben. Esto implica volcar en la tesis todos los conocimientos y destrezas adquiridas a lo largo del cursado de la maestría.

Para orientarte en la elección del tema o en lo que se espera de ti al entregar el proyecto, puedes consultar el perfil de egreso de tu universidad. Esto te dará pistas sobre cómo desarrollar un trabajo acorde al perfil profesional diseñado por tu centro de estudios.

A su vez, deberás prestar especial atención al reglamento de tesis dispuesto por la universidad. En este documento se explica cómo debes hacer tu tesis de maestría, desde la cantidad de páginas hasta la estructura que debe tener.

Lo cual nos lleva al próximo apartado.

¿Cómo es la estructura de una tesis de maestría?

Aquí desarrollaremos punto por punto cada uno de los apartados de una tesis de maestría estándar. Si bien cada universidad tiene su propio reglamento, en líneas generales, la elaboración de un TFM debe incluir ciertos aspectos básicos. Conoceremos más al respecto a continuación.

Páginas preliminares

La gran mayoría de los proyectos académicos cuentan con algunos apartados previos al desarrollo propiamente dicho. Aquí se incluye información que configura la estructura de la tesis de maestría. En este sentido, podemos mencionar la portada, el índice, el abstract y los agradecimientos.

Portada: es la primera hoja del proyecto y funciona como una carta de presentación. Aquí se incluye toda la información que identifica a la tesis de maestría. Esto es: el título, el autor, la universidad, el tutor, la fecha y la carrera.

Índice: es el contenido total del proyecto resumido en unas pocas líneas. Aquí se presenta cada capítulo, título y subtítulo junto a su correspondiente número de página. Podríamos decir que es el esqueleto de la tesis de maestría.

Abstract: también conocido como resumen, es una página en la cual se explica brevemente todo lo que se desarrolla a lo largo del trabajo. De esta forma, cuando una persona busca fuentes de información, puede detectar rápidamente si tu proyecto puede servirle.

Agradecimientos y dedicatorias: son apartados opcionales que puedes incluir si así lo deseas.

Todos estos apartados configuran las páginas preliminares de la tesis. Los siguientes pertenecen al desarrollo propiamente dicho.

Desarrollo de la tesis de maestría

Aquí veremos brevemente cada una de las partes que componen el desarrollo. Comencemos.

Introducción: consiste en una breve explicación del tema, donde se explica su relevancia para el campo de estudio y la justificación de su elección.

Antecedentes: en este apartado se incluyen los últimos abordajes que ha tenido el tema, con la finalidad de expresar en qué punto se encuentra la investigación y, al mismo tiempo, sentar un punto de partida para tu proyecto.

Planteamiento del problema: una vez desarrollados los antecedentes, podrás plantear un problema de investigación para tu tesis de maestría. En este punto debes fijar los objetivos a alcanzar con el proyecto y formular una hipótesis.

Marco teórico: todo trabajo académico debe contar con un sustento teórico, es decir, líneas de pensamiento que sostengan el punto de vista adoptado para trabajar. También, utiliza conceptos tomados de autores que permiten desarrollar una postura en particular. Todos estos elementos conforman este apartado, que indica el rumbo que seguirá la investigación.

Marco metodológico: una vez planteado el marco teórico, el próximo paso es desarrollar la metodología que se seguirá para concretar el proyecto. Aquí se define el tipo de lineamiento que adoptará la investigación y, en función de esto, los métodos y técnicas de recolección de datos que serán empleados.

Resultados: una vez finalizada la recolección de información, aquí se expresan los datos obtenidos.

Conclusiones: en este punto de la tesis de maestría se recupera el planteamiento del problema y se lo contrasta con los resultados obtenidos. De esta forma, el investigador hace una interpretación de la información que le permite determinar si la hipótesis se ha comprobado.

Páginas finales

Bibliografía: entre las últimas páginas del proyecto se encuentra la bibliografía. Esta es un listado de todas las fuentes que fueron consultadas para elaborar la tesis. Cada una debe contener su correspondiente cita en el cuerpo del proyecto. Otro aspecto a destacar es que cada fuente debe ser redactada siguiendo el formato de estilo requerido por la universidad.

Anexos: es un apartado opcional y se utiliza pura y exclusivamente para incluir información que apoya a lo expresado en el cuerpo. Aquí solo se deben consignar datos importantes que ilustran cuestiones clave para el proyecto.

¡Muy bien! Hemos llegado al final y ahora conoces a la perfección cómo es la estructura de una tesis de maestría. Si bien este es el formato básico de un proyecto de estas características, te sugerimos consultar con tu tutor al momento de redactar la tuya.

Déjanos decirte que si tienes problemas con el desarrollo de este trabajo, contamos con los recursos necesarios para ayudarte a terminarlo rápido. Sigue leyendo para saber más.

¿Te ayudamos con la tesis de maestría?

En TFG Online contamos con profesionales especialmente capacitados en investigación académica. Esto nos permite ayudarte a sacar tu proyecto adelante en tiempo récord.

Para ello contamos con servicios totalmente personalizados, como asesorías y correcciones. Aunque, nuestra prestación más solicitada es sin duda la redacción de proyectos .

De esta forma, solo deberás dejar tu trabajo en nuestras manos y te lo devolveremos completamente terminado.

¿Quieres saber más?

Contáctanos y te ayudaremos a terminar tu proyecto

Escríbenos al WhatsApp y haznos todas tus consultas. También puedes rellenar el formulario de abajo y solicitar un presupuesto gratuito y a medida.

¿Qué esperas para terminar la tesis de maestría? ¡Comunícate ya!

Completa el formulario

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¿Que es un MBA, MA, MSc, MEng...?

Desde cursos de medio tiempo por un año hasta doctorados de investigación por tres años, la elección del curso de posgrado podrá brindarte una ventaja competitiva en el  mercado laboral,  donde solo tener un título profesional ya no te hace destacar en una entrevista de trabajo. Al analizar los pros y los contras entre conseguir experiencia laboral o seguir estudiando un curso de posgrado, recuerda que no es necesario que te limites a una sola opción.

A continuación te presentamos una descripción de los diferentes programas para que analices cuál es mejor para tu carrera profesional y tus metas académicas:

1.       POSGRADOS

El Certificado de Posgrado y el Diploma de Posgrado son títulos de menor duración y categoría que un máster, pero pueden ser útiles si no deseas comprometerte con un programa por extenso o tienes un interés muy específico en un número pequeño de módulos de un curso. También son proporcionalmente más baratos que un máster completo.

Certificado de Posgrado (PGCert)

Un certificado de posgrado usualmente consta de un menor número de módulos de enseñanza que el Diploma de Posgrado y por lo general oscila entre 3,6 y 9 meses. Generalmente estos cursos ofrecen la oportunidad de aprender sobre un área en particular para ganar habilidades en el mercado laboral. A diferencia de un programa de maestría, no requiere presentar tesis.

Diploma de Posgrado (PgDip)

La duración de un diploma de posgrado varía dependiendo del área de estudio pero por lo general dura un año si es de tiempo completo. A diferencia de un programa de maestría, éste no requiere presentar tesis. Sin embargo si durante el transcurso del posgrado deseas aplicar al título de máster puedes cursar los módulos extras y presentar la tesis para terminar el ciclo.

2.       MAESTRIAS

Título : El título es conocido como máster o magister en área de estudio.

Duración : Uno a dos años de tiempo completo

Los tipos más comunes de maestrías son la Maestría en Artes (MA), enfocada especialmente en carreras como Artes, Humanidades, Teología y Ciencias Sociales y la Maestría en Ciencias (MSc), para la ciencia pura y aplicada.

Maestría en Artes (MA), Maestría en Ciencias (MSc), Maestría en Ingeniería (MEng)

Además de los títulos de MA o Maestría en Artes (Master of Arts), MSc o Maestría en Ciencias (Master of Science) y MEng o Maestría en Ingeniería (Master of Engineering), también encontrarás unos más específicos como MArch o Maestría en Arquitectura, MEd o Maestría en Educación, MMus o Maestría en Musica y MTh  o Maestría en Teología.

Los programas de maestría incluyen seminarios, conferencias, tutorías, trabajo en proyectos, trabajos orales, algunas investigaciones, tesis de maestría y exámenes. El equilibrio entre estos varía dependiendo la materia de estudio y la institución.

En algunos casos se tiene la opción de dejar por fuera la tesis y obtener un Diploma de Posgrado (Posgraduate Diplomma o Certificate), útil si deseas especializarte en un área determinada.

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Maestría en Administración de Negocios (MBA)

Un MBA o Maestría en Administración de Negocios está diseñada para aquellos con experiencia profesional relacionada con el área de estudio. Usualmente son cursos intensivos, demandantes y diseñados para crear exitosos líderes en los negocios.  

Maestría en Leyes o Derecho (LLM)

LLM o Maestría en Leyes es por lo general, un programa de tiempo completo de un año. En la mayoría de los casos no es necesario tener un título de abogado profesional con el fin de ser admitido en un programa de LLM y éste no brinda ninguna certificación oficial para ejercer el derecho. Mientras que un Pregrado en Derecho ofrece una visión general de todos los conocimientos básicos necesarios para convertirse en un abogado, un LLM te dará la oportunidad de especializarte en un tema en particular.

Maestría en Investigación (MRes)

La MRes o  Maestría en Investigación está diseñada, como su nombre indica, para proporcionar capacitación en cómo convertirse en un investigador. El programa incluye un elemento de investigación más amplio que la mayoría de programas de maestría o MA/MSc, pero por lo general también tienen un elemento de clases presenciales. Un MRes te puede dar una ventaja si quieres seguir un doctorado (PhD) o hacer carrera en la investigación. Habiendo dicho eso, los MRes se están convirtiendo en un nombre más popular y fácil de identificar como cursos basados ​​en la investigación.

Maestría en Investigación (MPhil)

Similar a una MRes, una MPhil está conformada exclusivamente de investigación y suele preceder al título de Doctorado. De hecho, muchos estudiantes de doctorado están registrados para el grado de MPhil durante sus primeros 12 a 18 meses de estudio y tienen que elaborar un informe al final de este período con el fin de cambiar su registro al de estudiante de doctorado. Además de ayudar a las universidades a mantener bajas sus tasas de abandono de estudios de doctorado, ayuda a los estudiantes que se quedan sin financiación o descubren que un doctorado no es para ellos. El MPhil es generalmente reconocido por los empleadores como equivalente a cualquier otra maestría pero su naturaleza es exclusivamente investigativa. 

3.       DOCTORADOS

Doctorado Profesional (PhD)

Un doctorado profesional es equivalente a un doctorado investigativo y aquellos que han completado con éxito un doctorado tienen derecho a llamarse a sí mismos "doctor". Mientras que un doctorado es la formación en la investigación académica, el doctorado profesional es una manera para que los profesionales experimentados, la mayoría que estudian tiempo parcial, puedan llevar a cabo investigaciones relacionadas con su verdadera práctica profesional. Hay, por supuesto, excepciones - en particular el Doctorado de Ingeniería (PhDEng) que en la mayoría de los casos, sólo se ofrece como un curso de tiempo completo y tiende a estar dirigido a recién graduados. A diferencia de la mayoría de los doctores, los doctorados profesionales contienen un gran componente de enseñanza durante todo el curso.

Los doctorados profesionales están comúnmente disponibles para los profesionales de campos como la educación (PhDEd), Psicología Clínica (PhDClinPsy) Negocios (PhDBA), Medicina (PhDM), Enfermería y Salud (PhDHealth), Trabajo Social (PhDSW) e Ingeniería (PhDEng) .

Doctorado (PhD)

Puedes estudiar un Doctorado luego de terminar tu carrera o maestría. Los Doctorados involucran un alto grado de investigación sobre un tema elegido bajo la supervisión de un académico con experiencia en dicho tema y es considerado intelectualmente desafiante. Históricamente un doctorado era requerido para enseñar en una universidad. Aunque la mayoría de los profesores universitarios están siendo obligados a tener un doctorado, el grado tiene aplicaciones mucho más amplias en la industria, el comercio y el sector público.

Título : el título es conocido como Doctor en la materia de investigación o PhD

Duración : De tres a cuatro años de tiempo completo y cinco a seis años de tiempo parcial

Incluye una tesis de alrededor de 100 mil palabras y por lo general una presentación oral.

Lea más: Diferencias entre Especialización, Maestría y Doctorado

Lista de Sitios Web que te ayudarán a encontrar becas de estudio en el exterior

Las 7 mejores ciudades del mundo para quienes quieran estudiar Negocios

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Prepárate para estudiar en el exterior con las redes sociales

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¿Cómo es estudiar en Kentucky?

Estudiar Ingeniería e Informática con las mejores mentes de América.

Pasa el verano en Los Ángeles, California, mientras obtienes créditos universitarios

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Irán dice que el buque MSC Aries fue incautado por "violar las leyes marítimas"

DUBAI, 15 abr (Reuters) - Irán incautó el 13 de abril un portacontenedores de bandera portuguesa, el MSC Aries, por "violar las leyes marítimas", declaró el lunes el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores iraní, añadiendo que no había duda de que el buque estaba vinculado a Israel.

La Guardia Revolucionaria iraní apresó el carguero en el estrecho de Ormuz días después de que Teherán prometió tomar represalias por un presunto ataque israelí contra su consulado en Damasco el 1 de abril. Irán había dicho que podría cerrar la crucial ruta marítima.

"El buque fue desviado a aguas territoriales iraníes por violar las leyes marítimas y no responder a las llamadas de las autoridades iraníes", declaró el portavoz Nasser Kanaani.

Irán lanzó el sábado una andanada de misiles y aviones no tripulados explosivos en su primer ataque directo contra territorio israelí, un ataque que Teherán dijo que era en defensa propia tras el bombardeo del consulado.

La agencia de noticias estatal iraní IRNA informó que un helicóptero de la Guardia había abordado el MSC Aries y lo había llevado a aguas iraníes.

MSC, que opera el Aries, confirmó que Irán había incautado el buque y dijo que estaba trabajando "con las autoridades pertinentes" para su regreso seguro y el bienestar de sus 25 tripulantes.

MSC arrienda el Aries a Gortal Shipping, filial de Zodiac Maritime, informó Zodiac en un comunicado, en el que añadía que MSC es responsable de todas las actividades del buque. Zodiac es propiedad en parte del empresario israelí Eyal Ofer.

Las tensiones se han disparado en Oriente Medio desde el inicio de la campaña israelí en Gaza en octubre, con Israel o su aliado Estados Unidos enfrentándose repetidamente a grupos alineados con Irán en Líbano, Siria, Irak y Yemen.

En respuesta a las noticias sobre la incautación, el ministro de Asuntos Exteriores israelí, Israel Katz, acusó a Irán de piratería.

Stephen Cotton, Secretario General de la Federación Internacional de Trabajadores del Transporte, el principal sindicato de marinos, declaró que "los marinos inocentes deben ser protegidos de la escalada de conflictos en cuya instigación no tienen ningún papel, ni poder para resolverlos".

La Cámara Naviera Internacional calificó la detención de "violación flagrante del derecho internacional y atentado contra la libertad de navegación".

Los recientes ataques a la navegación mercante en el mar Rojo y el golfo de Adén por parte de los hutíes de Yemen, alineados con Irán, también han afectado a la cadena mundial de transporte marítimo, así como al comercio y las actividades portuarias en el golfo Pérsico y el golfo de Omán y sus alrededores.

Patrick Verhoeven, director gerente de la Asociación Internacional de Puertos, declaró que el apresamiento del MSC Aries "tiene el potencial de perturbar aún más los tránsitos de carga dentro y fuera de la región, lo que repercutirá de un modo u otro en todos nuestros puertos miembros".

(Reporte de redacción Dubái y Jonathan Saul en Londres; Editado en Español por Ricardo Figueroa)