presentation of volcano

ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

A volcano is an opening in a planet or moon’s crust through which molten rock and gases trapped under the surface erupt, often forming a hill or mountain.

Volcanic eruption

Volcanic eruptions can create colorful and dramatic displays, such as this eruption of this volcano in the Virunga Moutains of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Photograph by Chris Johns

A volcano is an opening in a planet or moon’s crust through which molten rock, hot gases, and other materials erupt . Volcanoes often form a hill or mountain as layers of rock and ash build up from repeated eruptions .

Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct. Active volcanoes have a recent history of eruptions ; they are likely to erupt again. Dormant volcanoes have not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time. Extinct volcanoes are not expected to erupt in the future.

Inside an active volcano is a chamber in which molten rock, called magma , collects. Pressure builds up inside the magma chamber, causing the magma to move through channels in the rock and escape onto the planet’s surface. Once it flows onto the surface the magma is known as lava .

Some volcanic eruptions are explosive, while others occur as a slow lava flow. Eruptions can occur through a main opening at the top of the volcano or through vents that form on the sides. The rate and intensity of eruptions, as well as the composition of the magma, determine the shape of the volcano.

Volcanoes are found on both land and the ocean floor. When volcanoes erupt on the ocean floor, they often create underwater mountains and mountain ranges as the released lava cools and hardens. Volcanoes on the ocean floor become islands when the mountains become so large they rise above the surface of the ocean.

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Related Resources

• Earth Science

A volcano is a landform (usually a mountain) where molten rock erupts through the surface of the planet. There are a huge number of active volcanoes present worldwide. In this article, we will learn about the definition, formation and types of volcanoes.

What Are Volcanoes?

A volcano is a landform, a mountain, where molten rocks erupt through the surface of the planet. The volcano mountain opens downwards to a pool of molten rocks underneath the surface of the earth.

Pressure builds up in the earth’s crust and this is the reason why eruptions occur. Gases and igneous rocks shoot up and splash over or fill the air with lava fragments. The volcano eruption can cause hot ash, lateral blasts and lava flow, mudslides, and more.

Formation of Volcanoes

A volcano mountain is formed by the surface eruption of magma from within the earth’s upper mantle. The magma that erupts to the surface and forms a lava flow that deposits ash. As the volcano continues to erupt, a new layer of lava is added to the surface, accumulating to form a mountain.

Different Stages of Volcanoes

They tend to be conical although there are a variety of forms, depending upon:

• The nature of the material erupted
• The type of eruption
• The amount of change since the eruption

Volcanoes are categorised into three main categories:

• Active Volcanoes: A volcano will be classified as an active volcano if at the present time it is expected to erupt or is erupting already.
• Dormant Volcanoes: The classification of volcanoes which is called dormant would be a volcano that is not erupting or predicted to erupt in the near future.
• Extinct Volcanoes: An extinct volcano is a volcano that no one expects will ever have another eruption.

Reason Behind the Eruption of Volcanoes

The volcano eruption begins with the formation of magma in the lower section of the earth’s crust. The earth’s crust is made up of massive slabs called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. The friction during the movement of plates causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

With pressure, it travels upwards with tremendous force hitting solid rocks and other materials and creates a new passage to the earth’s surface. Once the magma reaches the air it is called lava.

Types of Volcanoes

These are grouped into four types:

• Cinder cones
• Composite volcanoes
• Shield volcanoes
• Lava volcanoes

Cinder Cones: These are the simplest type of volcano. They occur when particles and blobs of lava are ejected from a volcanic vent. The lava is blown violently into the air, and the pieces rain down around the vent. Over time, this builds up a circular or oval-shaped cone, with a bowl-shaped crater at the top. Cinder cone volcanoes rarely grow larger than about 1,000 feet above their surroundings.

Composite Volcanoes: Composite volcanoes are some of the Earth’s grandest mountains, and they are also called stratovolcanoes. They are typically symmetrical cones of large dimension built of alternating layers of lava flows, steep-sided, volcanic ash, blocks, bombs, and cinders and may rise as much as 8,000 feet above their bases.

Shield Volcanoes: A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. They have very gentle slopes and are developed horizontally. Shield volcanoes are built by effusive eruptions, which flow out in all directions. They almost never have violent eruptions, with basic lava simply flowing out.

Lava Domes: Lava domes are the fourth type of volcano that we are going to discuss. Unlike composite and shield volcanoes, lava domes are of tiny stature. They are formed when the lava is too viscous to flow to a great distance. As the lava dome slowly grows, the outer surface cools and hardens as the lava continues to pile within. Eventually, the internal pressure can shatter the outer surface, causing loose fragments to spill down its sides. Generally, such lava domes are found on the flanks of larger composite volcanoes.

The video about the eruption of volcanoes

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Everything you need to know about volcanoes.

How Volcanoes Form

In 1980 in Washington, after 123 years of hibernation, Mount St. Helens erupted. The blast destroyed and scorched 230 square miles (370 square kilometers) of forest within minutes. The eruption released an avalanche of hot ash, gas, steam, and rocks that mowed down giant trees up to 15 miles (24 kilometers) away.

When magma finds a way to escape from beneath the earth's surface, it creates a volcano.

Volcanoes erupt in different ways. Some, like Mount St. Helens, explode. Explosive eruptions are so powerful, they can shoot particles 20 miles up (32 kilometers), hurl 8-ton boulders more than a half mile (0.8 kilometers) away, and cause massive landslides. Explosive eruptions also create an avalanche of hot volcanic debris, ash, and gas that bulldozes everything in its path. Explosive volcanoes cause most of the volcano-related fatalities.

Volcanoes, like Mauna Loa in Hawaii, are effusive. Rather than a violent explosion, lava pours or flows out. Fatalities from effusive volcanoes are rare because people can usually outrun the lava. However, some people get too close or become trapped with no escape. The flowing lava burns, melts, and destroys everything it touches including farms, houses, and roads.

A volcanic eruption forever changes the landscape. Though volcanoes destroy, they also create mountains, islands, and, eventually, incredibly fertile land.

Carpet of Ash

Volcanic eruptions can cause damage hundreds of miles away. Volcanic ash causes airplane engines to fail, destroys crops, contaminates water, and damages electronics and machinery. The ash carpets the ground, burying everything, sometimes even causing buildings to collapse. Mount St. Helens produced more than 490 tons of ash that fell over a 22,000 square mile (56,980 square kilometer) area and caused problems in cities 370 miles (600 kilometers) away.

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The Parts of a Volcano

Apr 22, 2013

290 likes | 1.26k Views

The Parts of a Volcano. What is a Volcano?. A volcano is a mountain that forms when magma reaches the surface of the Earth. Magma rises because it is less dense than the solid rock around it. What are the parts of a Volcano?.

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• rock particles
• shield cinder cone
• somewhat flat
• volcanic cone-

Presentation Transcript

What is a Volcano? • A volcano is amountain that forms when magma reaches the surface of the Earth. • Magma rises because it is less dense than the solid rock around it.

What are the parts of a Volcano? • VENT- the vent is the opening from which lava flows. Dust, ash, and rock particles can also be thrown out of the vent!

2. Crater- the top of the volcano. It is a funnel shaped pit. It is formed when the material explodes out of the vent!

3. Volcanic cone- is the pile of lava, dust, ashes, and rock around the vent. It can be found in different shapes!

Types of Volcanoes • There are 3 types of Volcanoes: Shield Cinder Cone Composite • They are classified by how they form.

Shield Volcano • Is wide and somewhat flat. • It forms from a quiet eruption. • Lava flows out quietly and for great distances.

Cinder Cone Volcano • Has tall, very steep sides. • Has explosive eruptions. • This eruption produces a lot of cinder and ash.

Composite Volcano • Form from explosive eruptions. • Produce a lot of lava and ash. • Is small, with steep sides.

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The 30 Highest-Grossing Movies of All Time

Every few years, a blockbuster movie comes along and breaks the box office, joining the list of highest-grossing movies of all time.

Several of the films near the top of this list were released in the past decade, benefitting from today’s higher ticket prices, but every movie here has shown enough staying power at the worldwide box office to smash record after record.

That makes the No. 1 title, “Avatar,” even more impressive, since the underwater epic came out 15 years ago, when ticket prices were lower, yet is still on top of the worldwide list. Its sequel, “The Way of Water,” hovers not far behind at No. 3. The takeaway? Never underestimate James Cameron, since he has three out of the top four entries worldwide.

Note that this list is not adjusted for inflation; determining the top films of all time at the time they were released is an imperfect science. Looking at only domestic (U.S. and Canada) releases, the top films adjusted for inflation are estimated to be “Gone With the Wind,” “Star Wars,” “The Sound of Music,” “E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial” and “Titanic.”

(Source: Boxofficemojo.com)

Avatar (2009)

Worldwide gross: $2,923,706,026

Domestic gross: $785,221,649

James Cameron’s sci-fi fantasy epic “Avatar” smashed records and remains the reigning box office champion. Sam Worthington stars as paralyzed former Marine Jake Sully, who finds a new life on the planet Pandora when he begins inhabiting an avatar version of its native people.

Avengers: Endgame (2019)

Worldwide gross: $2,799,439,100

Domestic gross: $858,373,000

Marvel fans from around the world waited in anticipation for the MCU’s follow up to “Avengers: Infinity War.” With the fate of the entire universe on the line, heroes from all different realms and planets teamed up to defeat Thanos and bring half the population back to life.

Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)

Worldwide gross: $2,320,250,281

Domestic gross: $684,075,767

More than a decade after the unparalleled success of “Avatar,” James Cameron followed up his biggest hit with “The Way of Water,” which jumps several years ahead to show Jake and Netreyi (Zoë Saldaña) raising a family together. When humans return to threaten Pandora, they turn to the planet’s water-dwelling inhabitants in search of safety.

Titanic (1997)

Worldwide gross: $2,264,750,694

Domestic gross: $674,292,608

Kate and Leo — need we use last names? — star as star-crossed lovers in James Cameron’s timeless drama about the ill-fated R.M.S. Titanic. With a swoon-worthy love story, an iconic soundtrack showcasing the talents of James Horner and Céline Dion, and the intrigue of a historic tragedy, “Titanic” is a story we’ll “never let go” of.

Star Wars: Episode VII — The Force Awakens (2015)

Worldwide gross: $2,071,310,218

Domestic gross: $936,662,225

“Star Wars” fans have always proven to be a dedicated group, and they certainly showed up for “The Force Awakens,” which features beloved franchise icons and newcomers alike. In the seventh installment to the Skywalker Saga, Rey (Daisy Ridley), Finn (John Boyega), Poe Dameron (Oscar Isaac) and Hans Solo (Harrison Ford) are looking for Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) amid their fight against the Galactic Empire. While Kylo Ren (Adam Driver) leads the dark side, General Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher) helms the Resistance.

Avengers: Infinity War (2018)

Worldwide gross: $2,052,415,039

Domestic gross: $678,815,482

The “Avengers” saga led up to the penultimate chapter “Infinity War,” in which our beloved MCU heroes fight to stop Thanos from retrieving the powerful infinity stones, which he plans to use to wipe out half the population of the universe.

Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)

Worldwide gross: $1,921,847,111

Domestic gross: $814,115,070

“No Way Home” stirred tons of chatter long before its December 2021 release date, with fans speculating that its multiverse storyline would bring together Peter Parkers of past and present. While Marvel and cast members remained tight-lipped, audiences were indeed treated to the unprecedented joy of seeing Tobey Maguire, Andrew Garfield and Tom Holland share the screen.

Jurassic World (2015)

Worldwide gross: $1,671,537,444

Domestic gross: $653,406,625

“Jurassic World” revived the beloved franchise that began with Steven Spielberg’s classic 1993 film, “Jurassic Park.” Chris Evans and Bryce Dallas Howard star in the blockbuster reboot, in which dinosaurs run loose at the titular theme park on Isla Nublar.

The Lion King (2019)

Worldwide Gross : $1,663,079,059

Domestic Gross : $543,638,043

“The Lion King” struck a chord with critics and audiences alike as the second live action reimagining of a classic Disney movie after “The Jungle Book” in 2016. The 2019 film tells the same Shakespearian legend as the first, following the young lion Simba on a quest to avenge the life of his father Mufasa and reclaim his place on Pride Rock as king.

The Avengers (2012)

Worldwide Gross: $1,520,538,536

Domestic Gross: $623,357,910

It’s the film that officially cemented the MCU as box office lightning for the next decade. “The Avengers” saw Earth’s mightiest heroes join forces on the big screen for the first time to do battle with the Norse God Loki his army of alien super soldiers.

Furious 7 (2015)

Worldwide Gross: $1,515,342,457

Domestic Gross: $353,007,020

“Fast 7” is the seventh of 10 “Fast and the Furious” films and marks the last performance of series lead Paul Walker before he tragically died in 2013. “Fast 7” sees the gang return to their normal lives after defeating global terrorist Owen Shaw, but they are pulled back into action after being threatened by Owen’s brother, Deckard Shaw (Jason Statham), who is out for revenge.

Top Gun: Maverick (2022)

Worldwide Gross: $1,495,696,292

Domestic Gross: $718,732,821

The sequel to the 1986 classic soared high above expectations and gave a much needed post-pandemic jolt to cinemas across the world. “Top Gun: Maverick” saw Pete “Maverick” Mitchell return to the Navy 30 years later to train a fresh batch of pilots for a missions that seems all but impossible.

Frozen II (2019)

Worldwide Gross: $1,453,683,476

Domestic Gross: $477,373,578

Following the massive success of “Frozen,” the sequel more than delivered on the same magic and charm that wowed family audiences around the world. “Frozen II” sees Elsa leaving her kingdom of Arendelle and venturing into far off lands on a journey of self discovery.

Barbie (2023)

Worldwide Gross: $1,445,638,421

Domestic Gross: $636,238,421

The pink-plastered blockbuster sensation was an immediate viral hit and the undisputed must see movie of 2023. “Barbie” saw the iconic plastic doll leave her home of Barbie Land for the first time to face the harsh realities waiting in the real world.

Avengers Age of Ultron (2015)

Worldwide Gross: $1,405,018,048

Domestic Gross: $459,005,868

The second film in the “Avengers” series was an explosive follow-up to the original that saw the MCU adapt a darker presentation in its action and themes. “Avengers: Age of Ultron” pinned the Earth’s mightiest heroes against the robot overlord Ultron after Tony Stark’s plans for a team of dispensable robot peacekeepers goes horribly wrong.

Frozen (2013)

Worldwide Gross: $1,397,045,694

Domestic Gross : $400,953,009

The iconic first film is not only the third-highest grossing Disney musical of all time, but it is most likely number one in the hearts of many across the globe. In “Frozen,” after Queen Elsa uses her ice powers to cast an eternal winter over the kingdom of Arendelle, her sister Anna teams up with a mountain man and a whimsical snowman to reverse the curse and save her home.

The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023)

Worldwide gross: $1.3 billion

Domestic gross: $574 million

This comedy-adventure animated film follows the origin story of the famous plumber brothers Mario and Luigi who become separated when transported to a different dimension. The brothers get caught up in a battle between the Mushroom Kingdom and the Koopas, and try to find their way back to one another.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 (2011)

Domestic gross: $381 million

Harry (Daniel Radcliffe), Ron (Rupert Grint) and Hermoine (Emma Watson) prepare for their final battle against Lord Voldemort (Ralph Fiennes) in the second half of the conclusion to the magical series. They continue to search for the Dark Lord’s final Horcruxes to rid the world of his evil.

Black Panther (2018)

Worldwide gross: $1.35 billion

Domestic gross: $700 million

Former prince T’Challa (Chadwick Boseman) is crowned king of the country of Wakanda after his father’s passing, but is challenged by Killmonger (Michael B. Jordan). T’Challa’s position as king and Black Panther is tested when a conflict he becomes involved in puts Wakanda and the world at risk.

Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017)

Worldwide gross: $1.33 billion

Domestic gross: $620 million

The second installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy, “Star Wars: The Last Jedi” follows Rey (Daisy Ridley) learning the ways of the Force from Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) and the Resistance’s fight against Kylo Ren (Adam Driver) and the First Order.

Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018)

Worldwide gross: $1.31 billion

Domestic gross: $417 million

The sci-fi adventure follow up to “Jurassic World,” “Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom” sees Claire Dearing (Bryce Dallas Howard) and Owen Grady (Chris Pratt) return to Isla Nublar to save the remaining dinosaurs from a soon-to-erupt volcano. Set three years after the fall of the Jurassic World theme park, the pair discover new breeds of dinosaurs and a plot that threatens the Earth.

Beauty and the Beast (2017)

Worldwide gross: $1.27 billion

Domestic gross: $504 million

The live-action musical fantasy film follows Belle (Emma Watson) and the Beast (Dan Stevens) in their love story. Adapted from the animated version of the movie, the Beast is a former prince cast under a spell that forces him to live as a beast until he finds true love in Belle, who he keeps prisoner.

Incredibles 2 (2018)

Worldwide gross: $1.24 billion

Domestic gross: $608 million

“Incredibles 2” follows the Incredibles family as they attempt to restore the public’s love for superheroes. Elastigirl continues to fight crime while Mr. Incredible stays home and takes care of Violet, Dash and Jack-Jack. As the cybercriminal Screenslaver tries to hypnotize the world through computer screens to turn the public against the heroes, the family teams up to take the criminal down.

The Fate of the Furious (2017)

Worldwide gross: $1.23 billion

Domestic gross: $226 million

The eighth movie in the Fast & Furious franchise, “The Fate of the Furious” follows Dom (Vin Diesel) turning against his team under the influence of a woman named Cipher (Charlize Theron). The rest of the racing crew must team up to stop Cipher and reconnect with Dom.

Iron Man 3 (2013)

Worldwide gross: $1.21 billion

Domestic gross: $409 million

“Iron Man 3” is third movie in the Iron Man franchise. Robert Downey Jr. suits up as Tony Stark and faces a malevolent enemy known as the Mandarin.

Minions (2015)

Worldwide gross: $1.16 billion

Domestic gross: $336 million

“Minions,” the prequel to 2010’s “Despicable Me,” follows the Minions’ search for their new evil master after accidentally killing all of their old ones.

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)

Domestic gross: $379 million

“The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King” is the final battle between good and evil. It stars Elijah Wood, Sean Astin and Ian McKellen.

Captain America: Civil War (2016)

Domestic gross: $408 million

Disagreements separates the Avengers into two factions: one led by Captain America (Chris Evans) and the other by Iron Man (Robert Downey Jr.). As the debate between the two heroes escalates, Hawkeye (Jeremy Renner) and Black Widow (Scarlett Johansson) are forced to pick a side.

Aquaman (2018)

Worldwide gross: $1.15 billion

Domestic gross: $335 million

Jason Momoa stars as the film’s namesake in “Aquaman.” The hero must retrieve the Trident of Atlan and embrace his powers to rule the underwater kingdom.

Skyfall (2012)

Worldwide gross: $1.14 billion

Domestic gross: $304 million

“Skyfall” is Daniel Craig’s third appearance as James Bond. 007 tracks down the threat when M16 is under attack.

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Volcano Minitheme

Volcano minitheme presentation, free google slides theme and powerpoint template.

Boom! What was that? Wasn't that a volcano erupting? Don't worry, it's just an explosion of awesome new templates for Google Slides and PowerPoint! This one is a minitheme to talk about volcanoes. Tell us which is the highest volcano in the world or the most lethal one through 22 slides with a fantastic design. Modify the presentation to your liking, but be careful, don't touch the lava, it can be dangerous!

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• Includes 500+ icons and Flaticon’s extension for customizing your slides
• Designed to be used in Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint
• 16:9 widescreen format suitable for all types of screens
• Includes information about fonts, colors, and credits of the free resources used

How can I use the template?

Am I free to use the templates?

How to attribute?

Attribution required If you are a free user, you must attribute Slidesgo by keeping the slide where the credits appear. How to attribute?

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