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SUSTAINABILITY OF LOCAL ECONOMIC ENTERPRISES IN THE CITIES OF BATANGAS, LIPA AND TANAUAN: A PROPOSED MODEL FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2021, IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal

RA 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991 has a mandate to create public enterprises for both public service to the people. Local economic enterprises (LEEs) in the Philippines consists of public markets, slaughterhouses, public hospitals, public city colleges, cemeteries, parking lots, recreational and cultural facilities, public services such as water and power supply and distribution and telecommunications, waste collection and disposal, and public conveyance and terminal services, among others. The main objective of the study is to analyze the status, profile, level sustainability, challenges and problems encountered by the public enterprises in the Cities of Batangas, Lipa and Tanauan; with an endpoint of proposing a GROWTH Model for local economic development. This study is quantitativequalitative study which employed mixed methods research that is combined with descriptive-correlational design with empirical surveys and interviews which involved documentary analyses for the collection of qualitative data to adequately address the research objectives. Generally, the status, profile and level of sustainability of Local Economic Enterprises in the three cities of Batangas have a great impact, as agreed by the research participants. There is a significant relationship and difference in the status, profile and sustainability in the three cities of Batangas. Pandemic has a numerous adverse effect on the status and profile of the public enterprises. Attitudinal problems of the employees slightly affect the quality-of-service delivery of LEEs in the component cities of Batangas. Sustainability of LEEs in the component cities of Batangas hinge on their income stability, plans for their future expansion, and operational continuity completely portrayed as high extent. The proposed GROWTH Model maybe evaluated for the integration of the local economic development plan in the component cities of Batangas.

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Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

Research and Statistics Center

Business establishments in Balagtas, Batangas City bring a lot of benefits to the community therefore leading to the improvement of the socioeconomic life of the people. However, despite the claim that these businesses definitely improve the quality of life of the people, there is a need not only to determine both the positive and impact, but should also identify means to mitigate adverse effects to balance between the economic gains and negative effects to the community. The local government therefore has the prime responsibility to implement stricter measures to balance the fast growth of business vis-à-vis the socioeconomic impact to the community. Proposed measures maybe integrated in the local government's business plan for Balagtas that will promote long term sustainability.

South Asian Review of Business and Administrative Studies

Renz Paolo Ramos

Local Economic Enterprises are government entities created through fiscal autonomy to generate revenues and become self-reliant. This paper attempts to establish linkages between local public investments performance through Local Economic Enterprises (LEEs) in achieving immediate outcomes indicating socioeconomic development. Likewise, the study tested if there is significant associations between the presence of LEEs and three (3) indicators of socioeconomic development; job creation, revenue generation and business proliferation. Using mixed-methods and archival data, the study was able to arrive at significant findings. Based on the results of the study, job creation, revenue generation and business proliferation are the immediate outcomes of LEEs. The second major finding was that there is significant association between the LEEs and the three (3) indicators. However, it was found that there was a low correlation between LEEs effectiveness and sustainability as local investments for socioeconomic development.

Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada

We apply the Gross City Development Index (GCD-Index) by Ruiz Estrada and Park (2019) in the case of Manila, Philippines . The GCD-Index calculation is based on the concept of city integral sustainable development platform. The platform consists of ten main structures, which are (i) Main Structure-1: Economic and Finance (production and consumption of goods and services, income distribution, savings ratio, public and private investment, inflation, and banking); (ii) Main Structure-2: Social (social protection coverage); (iii) Main Structure-3: Politics and Law, (iv) Main Structure-4: Technological; (v) Main Structure-5: Environment; (vi) Main Structure-6: Population (labor, education and training, immigration and migration, and unemployment); (vii) Main Structure-7: Infrastructure and Housing (real estate prices and transactions); (viii) Main Structure-8: Income and Poverty in formal and informal sectors; (ix) Main Structure-9: Public Sector (public transportation, security, health, welfare programs, and taxation); (x) Main Structure-10: Others (historical, customs, habits, religion, values, and anthropological). The objective of the GCD-Index is to offer policymakers a new analytical tool to assess integral development from a multidimensional perspective. The GCD-Index is a flexible and straightforward indicator that can be applied to analyze the development of any city. We apply the GCD-Index to study the development of Manila, Philippines , between 2000 and 2023 to provide a sense of how the index can be used to assess the progress of integrated and sustainable integral development in a megacity.

Jagat Prirayani , Agni Alam

The authority of local governments to promote economic development in their own regions was expected to take place more quickly after implementation of policies promoting decentralisation and regional autonomy. Economic development needs effective strategies and allocation of resources in the potential economic areas selected as growth centres. This research was conducted in Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, one of kabupaten in the Maluku Archipelago, East Indonesia. The goal of this research was to assist local governments to design their economic development strategies by selecting areas that showed potential for staging a growth centre pilot project. The criteria used to select the growth centre in this study were competitive commodities, infrastructure, quality of human resources and strategic location. The data analysis techniques used in this study were location quotient shift, location quotient share and the analysis hierarchy process, which involved using three different groups: academi-cians, entrepreneurs and government offi cials. The results showed that Kecamatan Kairatu and Kecamatan Seram Barat had potential as growth areas and could serve as regional pilot project areas. Furthermore, the results also showed that the infrastructure development must be managed by local governments in both regions and priority (from highest to lowest) given to the provision of educational facilities, construction of highways, construction of health facilities, provision of electricity and clean water.

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science, Humanity and Public Health (ICOSHIP 2021)

Cahyo Wiyono

Enrico Replan

Development is a contested notion around the world, meaning different things to different people (Philippine Macro-Study KAMP, 2011). Past and present situation of a community has a great deal on what it would be in the next moment of time, and this would be the basis of one thinker or an anthropologist to conclude or make theories out of it, then he makes his own judgement and definition a to what is development. Sen (2004) emphasizes that there should be a clear common definition of development as a process of „enlarging people‟s choices‟. As to what we gained from the activity, the particular wording varies over time, with later reports engaging language of freedoms and capabilities more often, which entirely deal with social and economic dimensions of the society, and as an individual. Futhermore, today‟s current events in our sociiety makes people being more aware about achieving development. Corruption, high market prices, disasters, wars, decrease in agricultural productivity and climate change are some of the factors for a developing world and a community to achieve development. They define development as what society must be, in terms of economic, social and high standards of living. However, this is the most common single definition of development. As will be noted at once, this definition loses a great deal of the richness present in the longer definition from one development theories to other. We would be dealing with the concepts and theories that are presented in the lecture. It could have been the case that subsequent concepts and ideas retained that richness in their conceptual chapter but it does seem, rather, that the evolution of reports led to an abbreviation of the conceptual statement and, at least during many years, an omission of human agency, collective action and process freedoms. Furthermore, the short definition does not explicitly include time – the need to sustain outcomes across years and indeed generations, on a limited planet. It also does not include principles such as equity. This study will not try to provide answers to the problems arising from development. It will try to provide the context, and give explanation on the local idea and opinion regarding development concept and the theories governing those that often accompanies development actions in some communities. The general objectives of the exercise is to identify specific cases in which concept of development has arisen, between the local people and those running the projects, between the people and the government, and between the people themselves based from their past and present development situation, the community profile and local perception towards the concept. The activity will give analysis on two (2) different communities: the urban and rural community. Urban community includes Brgy. Real in the Municipality of Calamba; Rural community includes Brgy. San Antonio in the Municipality of Bay. Both communities are located in the Province of Laguna. The activity has the following specific objectives, (1) To determine the local perspective of the barangays and its constituents on “Genuine Development”; (2) Identify the factors that inhibit and/or facilitate development based on how resident‟s common views; (3) To identify the form of leadership present in the communities and how public administration does affects the exchange of resources towards barangay development; (4) Assess the extent of barangay and level of participation of the people in community development projects; and (5) Determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the communities under study in relation to public administration and resource use.

sciepub.com SciEP

This study aims to determine the leading sector or basis sector to be prioritized in developing the center of economic growth in rural areas of Lombok Barat Regency, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. The method used is Location Quotient (LQ). The analysis result shows that the leading sector in Lombok Barat Regency, where the LQ value is greater than 1 for the period of 2010-2013 were electricity, gas and clean water, construction and services sector, while the others including to non-base sector. During 2010 to 2013 the basis sector in Lombok Barat Regency has changed slightly each year. This is indicated by the decline in productivity in the manufacturing sector in 2012 to 2013, so the sector is no longer become a basis sector in Lombok Barat Regency. However, for the long term, the center of rural economic growth is not only based on one basis sector alone because of the dynamics of development that causes the change. Recently, the Lombok Barat Government prioritizes the tourism sector, so that it can be a leading sector even not becoming a basis in establishing a center of rural economic growth. Refer to the results of the study, we propose the Government of Lombok Regency to prioritize electricity, gas and clean water in developing center of economic growth.

The world is a global village. Every country is facing the changes and opportunities attributed by population explosion, advancement in technology, more intense economic competitions, paradigm shifts, innovations and expanding role of civil society in social economic development. There have been many accomplishments by member countries of the said global village. The progress achieved is attributed to many factors. Discipline may be one of them. The presence of abundant natural resources may be another. Still, the presence of sound, mature and brilliant leadership from the national to the lowest political may be a decisive factor, too. At any rate, the fact stands that different countries are constantly surging ahead. Thus, the study determined the localization perspectives on developmental projects in Calapan City. Philippines. The respondents were the 62 barangay chairpersons in the city. The data from the survey instrument were analyzed using weighted mean. The study found out that the center of all economic and social developmental projects and programs were community leaders or barangay chairperson. They planned, decided, implemented and managed all economic activities. Imbued with the right attitudes, values, knowledge and skills, they could create economic miracles. The magnitude of the overwhelming tasks and leadership of barangay chairperson resulted to sustainable development that was characterized by an environment of peace, cooperation, unity, understanding, respect, equity and social justice. Dynamic barangay chairpersons were transparent, responsive and efficient who are honest, professional and competent in their objective. Their challenging job was to balance the competing demands and expectations of multi-sectoral group.

Saidamin Bagolong

Trajano Quinhoes , Virgínia Maria Fava , Jose Lage

1 This paper discusses a new monitoring and evaluation framework for the Local Development and Solidary Economy Promotion Project (Projeto de Promoção do Desenvolvimento Local e Economia Solidária - PPDLES), which is implemented through the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) in association with the Ministry of Environment (MMA) and the Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger (MDS). The project is based on the work of solidarity based economy agents (ADS) who foster solidary economic enterprises, and is oriented by the principles of sustainable development, social participation, environmental awareness and economic growth. The ADS' action focuses on the Bolsa Família Program beneficiaries, which receive financial transfers and are included in specific public policies. In this sense, this paper proposes a method to monitor the ADS' work, in order to evaluate the PPDLES effectiveness and the participation of PBF beneficiary families. This proposal is based on the construction of a database with information collected by the ADS, through enterprises' identification and activity reports, which will be analyzed by the three Ministries involved. The monitoring strategy is anchored in three principles: economic, social and environmental sustainability, which will develop three different indexes. These indexes will support the construction of a broader index of sustainable development that will contribute for the project management, planning of field trips, and to identify key factors of success and/or difficulties. The four indexes will also contribute to direct decisions on certain policies in order to improve the work of the ADS and will support the evaluation of the PPDLES effectiveness. This framework is innovative as a result of its subdivision into three indexes, which will be able to monitor compelling public policy aspects: economic, social and environmental sustainability. In addition, it is a flexible tool which can be regionally applied and for other kinds of social projects.

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International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) | Volume V, Issue V, May 2021 | ISSN 2454–6186

Local Economic Enterprise of Braulio E. Dujali: A Case Study

Romalie F. Galleto, MSDeA Graduate School of Business, University of Southeastern Philippines

Abstract- R.A 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991 led to the creation of local economic enterprises whose major purpose is to augment the income of LGU and at the same time support the needs of its local populace. This Case study aimed to determine and compare the management practices in the implementation of the local economic enterprise (LEE) program of the Municipality of Braulio E. Dujali with respect to the policy framework of the LGC of 1991using primary and secondary sources. Descriptive-narrative analysis by Reissman (2008) was used to analyze the data. Braulio E. Dujali is managing three (3) economic enterprises; the Public Market, the Slaughterhouse, and the Public Terminal. Results showed that in the operation, LEEO ensures quality and people management through weekly regular monitoring. In the marketing aspect, one of their means for market sustainability is to encourage potential investors, both local and non-resident of the municipality. In the financial aspect, the LEE office of Braulio E. Dujali is already financially self-reliant section which means that the expenses in maintenance and operation, including the salaries and wages for their personnel, are already taken from their generated income. Furthermore, the result also pointed out that there is a gap between the implementation of the LEEs and the framework of the DBM- LEE Manual. The lack of manpower resources, small number of customers, and tenants’ inability to pay are three of the major challenges they encounter. The need to come up with a 5-year business plan (BP) is key to address these challenges.

Keywords: Local Economic Enterprise, DBM Manual, Operation, Marketing, Finance

I.INTRODUCTION

Providing the minimum basic needs of the constituents is one of the many challenges of all local government units. Though in fact, annual appropriation can provide some programs and projects that help the local governments fulfill this obligation, the thing is that LGUs find it hard to sustain and maintain it. Thus, the idea of enterprising comes in. In pursuit of providing and sustaining the minimum basic needs of the people, local governments created the local economic enterprises to provide services to the people while earning at the same time. Given the fact that Braulio E. Dujali is classified as a fourth-class municipality, it is necessary to determine the management practices in the implementation of their Local Economic Enterprise in order to assess whether or not the LGU can fulfill this obligation.

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The OECD Local Employment and Economic Development Programme (LEED) provides practical solutions for how to build vibrant communities with more and better jobs for all. It achieves this by supporting effective policy implementation and local initiatives.

LEED was created over forty years ago to support OECD governments at national, regional and local level with innovative approaches to local job creation, social inclusion and economic growth.

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Local economic enterprises in puerto princesa city develop business plans.

On August 20, 2019, the Puerto Princesa City government developed four business plans for the city’s local economic enterprises, namely the City Coliseum Management, Baywalk Management, Transport Terminal, and Fish Port. This was a follow-through activity of the series of trainings on domestic resource mobilization for enterprise development organized by USAID’s Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project. The business plans featured enterprise operations in terms of growth, revenue share and profitability. Prior to the business planning activity, Ms. Reginal Cantillo of the City Budget Office organized the Strategic Financial Management Plan formulation team to analyze the city’s historical financial performance. With an estimated revenue growth rate of 12 percent, the city has an internal revenue allotment dependency of 79 percent, expense efficiency at 82 percent, and an average expense rate of six percent. The business planning process enabled the team to understand the conditions and factors for revenue growth including the approval of revenue code, reforms in business permits, licensing system, strategies on tax collection, and promotion of public investments, joint ventures and partnerships for increased capital and revenue base. USAID/SURGE provides consistent support to the city government in strengthening their competencies on effective resource management utilization.

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<strong>MANUAL</strong> ON THE SETTING UP AND OPERATION OF LOCAL ECONOMIC ENTERPIRSES <strong>MANUAL</strong> ON THE SETTING UP AND OPERATION OF LOCAL ECONOMIC ENTERPRISES (2016) Department <strong>of</strong> Budget and Management i

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EU TA SUPPORT TO THE LOCAL GOVERNME

MANUAL ON THE SETTING UP AND OPERAT

2. Affordability and Willingness to

ii. Payment compliance MANUAL ON TH

42. Q: What is the role of the Inte

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Building economic resilience? An analysis of local economic partnerships & plans

In the wake of the recession, the tools of national and local government have been re-geared for growth. However, the basis of the burgeoning recovery is still in question: long-term youth unemployment is persistently high; business investment and the balance of trade remain significant concerns, as does household debt; and there remain major disparities in the relative performance of different cities and regions – in some areas, the fragility of earlier growth has been exposed as investment has drained away.

The severity of the recession has also caused a profound crisis in thinking about the economy and the nature of economic growth. Increasing attention is being paid to ideas of sustainability and economic 'resilience', which raises the concern that, in recovering from the recession, policymakers may not do enough to learn the lessons of the past – and, worse still, may inadvertently sow the seeds of a future economic crisis. It is therefore important to question the extent to which resilience is embedded in the government's strategy for economic growth. This paper takes up that task by focussing on a key aspect of the government's local growth strategy: local enterprise partnerships.

Local enterprise partnerships (LEPs), set up by government to drive the growth agenda at the local level, have never been directed to address matters of wider economic resilience. However, they have the freedom to develop growth plans that address wider ideas of local economic resilience as well as narrow concepts of productivity growth.

This report assesses the strategies that LEPs were tasked with drawing up in order to win a share of the Local Growth Fund, appraising them against a newly-developed 'LEP resilience framework' which assesses key areas of policy, including innovation and entrepreneurship, corporate social responsibility, infrastructure investment, accountability and environmental sustainability.

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