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The impact of crime on communities.

This article delves into the multifaceted impact of crime on communities within the United States, employing a comprehensive exploration grounded in the criminal justice process . The introduction elucidates the pivotal role of understanding crime’s ramifications on communities, establishing the foundation for subsequent in-depth analysis. The first body section scrutinizes the social and economic consequences, illuminating the intricate ways crime influences individuals’ psychological well-being, alters community dynamics, and precipitates economic downturns. The second section focuses on the implications for community safety and well-being, unraveling the intricate relationships between crime, public safety, and the overall health and resilience of communities. The third body part scrutinizes the legal and criminal justice system aspects, unveiling the strain on law enforcement agencies, the consequential impact on the criminal justice process, and the repercussions of overcrowded prisons. The conclusion synthesizes the key findings, emphasizing the urgency of holistic approaches and community involvement in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by crime.

Introduction

Crime, in the context of this article, is broadly defined as any act or omission that violates established laws and regulations within the United States. Its manifestations range from property crimes to violent offenses, collectively impacting communities in profound ways. Understanding the impact of crime on communities is crucial for developing effective strategies in criminal justice and community development. As communities grapple with the aftermath of criminal activities, it becomes imperative to explore the multifaceted consequences that reverberate through the social fabric, economic stability, and overall well-being of residents. This article aims to comprehensively examine the intricacies of crime’s influence on communities within the United States, utilizing a lens grounded in the criminal justice process. By delving into the nuanced dimensions of crime, we aim to shed light on the importance of fostering an informed discourse surrounding crime’s impact and to contribute to the development of strategies that foster resilient, safe, and healthy communities.

Part 1: Social and Economic Impact

Crime exerts a profound influence on communities, precipitating a cascade of social and economic consequences that permeate the fabric of society. The social fallout of criminal activities is marked by a myriad of psychological effects on individuals. Victims may experience trauma, anxiety, and a pervasive sense of insecurity, altering their perceptions of safety and trust. Moreover, the communal repercussions extend to changes in community dynamics, as the fear of crime can lead to isolation, eroding social cohesion, and fostering a climate of suspicion. Economically, the impact of crime is manifest in several dimensions. Property values, often reflective of the perceived safety of a neighborhood, may plummet in the wake of criminal incidents, adversely affecting homeowners and exacerbating economic disparities. Additionally, businesses within crime-affected areas face heightened challenges, with increased security costs and a decline in patronage, resulting in tangible job losses. This intricate interplay of social and economic consequences underscores the imperative for a holistic understanding of crime’s ramifications on communities.

In examining the social and economic impact of crime, researchers have found consistent patterns of psychological distress among victims (Smith, 2018). This distress often extends beyond immediate victims to encompass broader community populations, contributing to a heightened sense of vulnerability and fear (Jones & Brown, 2020). Moreover, economic studies (Johnson et al., 2017) highlight the tangible economic consequences of crime, particularly in terms of property devaluation and the ripple effect on local businesses and employment. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at mitigating the far-reaching effects of crime on communities.

Part 2: Community Safety and Well-being

The repercussions of crime extend beyond immediate incidents, permeating the fundamental aspects of community safety and well-being. One of the primary consequences is the palpable threat to public safety, where criminal activities breed an environment of insecurity and apprehension. Increased fear of crime becomes a pervasive issue, influencing the daily lives of community members as they navigate public spaces with heightened vigilance. This heightened fear not only alters individual behaviors but also contributes to a broader societal impact by reshaping community norms and interactions. The erosion of community trust is another significant facet, as residents may become wary of their neighbors and institutions, hindering collective efforts for safety and shared well-being.

Moreover, the impact of crime on community well-being extends to physical and mental health. Victims of crime often endure not only physical injuries but also long-lasting psychological trauma, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and potential mental health disorders. Additionally, the cumulative stress and fear within a community can manifest in various health issues, affecting the overall well-being of residents. Despite these challenges, communities also demonstrate a remarkable capacity for resilience in the face of adversity. Understanding the dynamics of community resilience becomes paramount in mitigating the negative effects of crime, as resilient communities can better withstand and recover from the social and psychological toll inflicted by criminal activities.

Research has consistently highlighted the pervasive impact of crime on community safety and well-being. Studies by Garcia and Martinez (2019) emphasize the correlation between crime rates and increased fear of crime within communities, shedding light on the complex interplay between actual criminal incidents and perceived threats to safety. Furthermore, the work of Turner et al. (2021) underscores the importance of community resilience in mitigating the adverse health effects of crime, suggesting that fostering resilience can be a key component of community-based interventions.

Part 3: Legal and Criminal Justice System Implications

The impact of crime on communities reverberates through the intricate workings of the legal and criminal justice systems, presenting multifaceted challenges that extend beyond the immediate aftermath of criminal activities. One prominent consequence is the strain imposed on law enforcement agencies. The increased prevalence of crime places a substantial burden on these agencies, demanding heightened workload and resource allocation. This strain not only affects the efficacy of crime prevention efforts but also influences the overall functioning of law enforcement in maintaining public order and safety.

Challenges in crime prevention emerge as a direct consequence of the strain on law enforcement. The increased demand for proactive measures and investigations can overwhelm existing resources, leading to gaps in crime prevention strategies. The repercussions extend to the broader criminal justice process, impacting the efficiency of the legal system itself. Court congestion and delays become pervasive issues, hindering the timely resolution of cases and potentially compromising the quality of justice delivered. The backlog of cases not only frustrates victims and defendants but also strains the resources of the entire legal apparatus.

Moreover, the impact of crime extends to the correctional system, contributing to the phenomenon of overcrowded prisons. The influx of individuals into correctional facilities outpaces the system’s capacity, resulting in myriad consequences for both inmates and the larger community. Overcrowded prisons strain the resources available for inmate rehabilitation and support programs, exacerbating issues related to recidivism. The consequences extend beyond the prison walls, affecting the communities to which individuals will eventually return, potentially perpetuating a cycle of crime.

Understanding these legal and criminal justice system implications is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies to address the root causes of crime and enhance the effectiveness of the criminal justice process. Efforts to alleviate strain on law enforcement, improve crime prevention measures, and streamline the legal system are paramount in fostering a more resilient and just society.

In the realm of law enforcement strain, Smith and Johnson (2020) highlight the increased workload on police agencies due to rising crime rates, emphasizing the need for strategic resource allocation. Additionally, studies by Brown et al. (2018) shed light on the challenges in crime prevention and the subsequent impact on the criminal justice process, offering insights into potential areas for intervention.

In conclusion, this exploration of the impact of crime on communities within the United States has illuminated the intricate and pervasive consequences that reverberate through the social, economic, and legal fabric of society. The social fallout of crime encompasses profound psychological effects on individuals, altering community dynamics and fostering an environment of fear. Economically, crime precipitates property devaluation, business losses, and job displacement, contributing to broader economic disparities. Beyond these social and economic ramifications, crime poses a significant threat to community safety, fostering increased fear and eroding trust. The implications for community well-being extend to physical and mental health, emphasizing the importance of understanding and fostering community resilience.

Moreover, the legal and criminal justice system faces substantial challenges, from the strain on law enforcement agencies dealing with increased workloads to the challenges in effective crime prevention. The impact on the criminal justice process manifests in court congestion, delays, and the overarching issue of overcrowded prisons. Recognizing these complexities is imperative for informed policymaking and strategic interventions aimed at addressing the root causes of crime.

As we reflect on these significant points, it becomes evident that mitigating the impact of crime requires a concerted effort from various stakeholders. A call to action for community involvement is paramount. Engaging communities in crime prevention initiatives, fostering community resilience, and promoting collaboration between law enforcement, government agencies, and residents are pivotal steps towards building safer and more secure environments.

Furthermore, the importance of holistic approaches in addressing crime’s impact cannot be overstated. Efforts should extend beyond punitive measures to encompass proactive strategies that address the root causes of criminal behavior. Holistic approaches involve community-based interventions, social support programs, and educational initiatives that empower individuals and communities to break the cycle of crime. This comprehensive perspective acknowledges the interconnected nature of the issues at hand and underscores the need for collaborative, interdisciplinary efforts.

In closing, understanding and addressing the impact of crime on communities is not only a societal imperative but also a moral obligation. By fostering resilient communities, engaging in preventative measures, and adopting holistic approaches, we can work towards creating a society where the impact of crime is minimized, and communities thrive in safety, well-being, and unity.

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Crime and Society: An Introduction to Criminology

• First Online: 29 October 2023

Cite this chapter

• Hansi Bansal 6 ,
• Ashish Badiye 6 ,
• Raju Tandan 7 &
• Neeti Kapoor 6  

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Over centuries, criminality has been an integral part of societal structure and culture. Criminology is an amalgamation of different disciplines seeking to identify the causes of crime and criminal behavior. The primary focus of criminologists lies on the identification of the patterns, behavior, and sociological aspects of crime. Due to cultural, social, and political changes, society can deem certain behaviours criminal or decriminalize them. This directly impacts the crime rate and the allocation of resources within law enforcement agencies. Criminology is critically engaged in finding solutions to issues related to crime and justice. The cause of a crime is one of the significant areas of criminology, and criminologists identify various factors to explicate why a person commits a crime. This chapter discusses the various fields of criminology, factors responsible for crime and criminal behavior, theories of crime, and the criminal justice system. It also highlights the concepts of juvenile delinquency, punishment, victimology, and their impact on crime. The authors endeavored to present a holistic perspective on the multifaceted dimensions of Crime and Society in a single chapter, notwithstanding the complexity of the subject matter.

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Bansal, H., Badiye, A., Tandan, R., Kapoor, N. (2023). Crime and Society: An Introduction to Criminology. In: Shrivastava, P., Lorente, J.A., Srivastava, A., Badiye, A., Kapoor, N. (eds) Textbook of Forensic Science . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1377-0_1

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What the data says about crime in the U.S.

A growing share of Americans say reducing crime should be a top priority for the president and Congress to address this year. Around six-in-ten U.S. adults (58%) hold that view today, up from 47% at the beginning of Joe Biden’s presidency in 2021.

We conducted this analysis to learn more about U.S. crime patterns and how those patterns have changed over time.

The analysis relies on statistics published by the FBI, which we accessed through the Crime Data Explorer , and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), which we accessed through the  National Crime Victimization Survey data analysis tool .

To measure public attitudes about crime in the U.S., we relied on survey data from Pew Research Center and Gallup.

Additional details about each data source, including survey methodologies, are available by following the links in the text of this analysis.

With the issue likely to come up in this year’s presidential election, here’s what we know about crime in the United States, based on the latest available data from the federal government and other sources.

How much crime is there in the U.S.?

It’s difficult to say for certain. The  two primary sources of government crime statistics  – the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) – paint an incomplete picture.

The FBI publishes  annual data  on crimes that have been reported to law enforcement, but not crimes that haven’t been reported. Historically, the FBI has also only published statistics about a handful of specific violent and property crimes, but not many other types of crime, such as drug crime. And while the FBI’s data is based on information from thousands of federal, state, county, city and other police departments, not all law enforcement agencies participate every year. In 2022, the most recent full year with available statistics, the FBI received data from 83% of participating agencies .

BJS, for its part, tracks crime by fielding a  large annual survey of Americans ages 12 and older and asking them whether they were the victim of certain types of crime in the past six months. One advantage of this approach is that it captures both reported and unreported crimes. But the BJS survey has limitations of its own. Like the FBI, it focuses mainly on a handful of violent and property crimes. And since the BJS data is based on after-the-fact interviews with crime victims, it cannot provide information about one especially high-profile type of offense: murder.

All those caveats aside, looking at the FBI and BJS statistics side-by-side  does  give researchers a good picture of U.S. violent and property crime rates and how they have changed over time. In addition, the FBI is transitioning to a new data collection system – known as the National Incident-Based Reporting System – that eventually will provide national information on a much larger set of crimes , as well as details such as the time and place they occur and the types of weapons involved, if applicable.

Which kinds of crime are most and least common?

Property crime in the U.S. is much more common than violent crime. In 2022, the FBI reported a total of 1,954.4 property crimes per 100,000 people, compared with 380.7 violent crimes per 100,000 people.  

By far the most common form of property crime in 2022 was larceny/theft, followed by motor vehicle theft and burglary. Among violent crimes, aggravated assault was the most common offense, followed by robbery, rape, and murder/nonnegligent manslaughter.

BJS tracks a slightly different set of offenses from the FBI, but it finds the same overall patterns, with theft the most common form of property crime in 2022 and assault the most common form of violent crime.

How have crime rates in the U.S. changed over time?

Both the FBI and BJS data show dramatic declines in U.S. violent and property crime rates since the early 1990s, when crime spiked across much of the nation.

Using the FBI data, the violent crime rate fell 49% between 1993 and 2022, with large decreases in the rates of robbery (-74%), aggravated assault (-39%) and murder/nonnegligent manslaughter (-34%). It’s not possible to calculate the change in the rape rate during this period because the FBI  revised its definition of the offense in 2013 .

The FBI data also shows a 59% reduction in the U.S. property crime rate between 1993 and 2022, with big declines in the rates of burglary (-75%), larceny/theft (-54%) and motor vehicle theft (-53%).

Using the BJS statistics, the declines in the violent and property crime rates are even steeper than those captured in the FBI data. Per BJS, the U.S. violent and property crime rates each fell 71% between 1993 and 2022.

While crime rates have fallen sharply over the long term, the decline hasn’t always been steady. There have been notable increases in certain kinds of crime in some years, including recently.

In 2020, for example, the U.S. murder rate saw its largest single-year increase on record – and by 2022, it remained considerably higher than before the coronavirus pandemic. Preliminary data for 2023, however, suggests that the murder rate fell substantially last year .

How do Americans perceive crime in their country?

Americans tend to believe crime is up, even when official data shows it is down.

In 23 of 27 Gallup surveys conducted since 1993 , at least 60% of U.S. adults have said there is more crime nationally than there was the year before, despite the downward trend in crime rates during most of that period.

While perceptions of rising crime at the national level are common, fewer Americans believe crime is up in their own communities. In every Gallup crime survey since the 1990s, Americans have been much less likely to say crime is up in their area than to say the same about crime nationally.

Public attitudes about crime differ widely by Americans’ party affiliation, race and ethnicity, and other factors . For example, Republicans and Republican-leaning independents are much more likely than Democrats and Democratic leaners to say reducing crime should be a top priority for the president and Congress this year (68% vs. 47%), according to a recent Pew Research Center survey.

How does crime in the U.S. differ by demographic characteristics?

Some groups of Americans are more likely than others to be victims of crime. In the  2022 BJS survey , for example, younger people and those with lower incomes were far more likely to report being the victim of a violent crime than older and higher-income people.

There were no major differences in violent crime victimization rates between male and female respondents or between those who identified as White, Black or Hispanic. But the victimization rate among Asian Americans (a category that includes Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders) was substantially lower than among other racial and ethnic groups.

The same BJS survey asks victims about the demographic characteristics of the offenders in the incidents they experienced.

In 2022, those who are male, younger people and those who are Black accounted for considerably larger shares of perceived offenders in violent incidents than their respective shares of the U.S. population. Men, for instance, accounted for 79% of perceived offenders in violent incidents, compared with 49% of the nation’s 12-and-older population that year. Black Americans accounted for 25% of perceived offenders in violent incidents, about twice their share of the 12-and-older population (12%).

As with all surveys, however, there are several potential sources of error, including the possibility that crime victims’ perceptions about offenders are incorrect.

How does crime in the U.S. differ geographically?

There are big geographic differences in violent and property crime rates.

For example, in 2022, there were more than 700 violent crimes per 100,000 residents in New Mexico and Alaska. That compares with fewer than 200 per 100,000 people in Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire and Maine, according to the FBI.

The FBI notes that various factors might influence an area’s crime rate, including its population density and economic conditions.

What percentage of crimes are reported to police? What percentage are solved?

Most violent and property crimes in the U.S. are not reported to police, and most of the crimes that  are  reported are not solved.

In its annual survey, BJS asks crime victims whether they reported their crime to police. It found that in 2022, only 41.5% of violent crimes and 31.8% of household property crimes were reported to authorities. BJS notes that there are many reasons why crime might not be reported, including fear of reprisal or of “getting the offender in trouble,” a feeling that police “would not or could not do anything to help,” or a belief that the crime is “a personal issue or too trivial to report.”

Most of the crimes that are reported to police, meanwhile,  are not solved , at least based on an FBI measure known as the clearance rate . That’s the share of cases each year that are closed, or “cleared,” through the arrest, charging and referral of a suspect for prosecution, or due to “exceptional” circumstances such as the death of a suspect or a victim’s refusal to cooperate with a prosecution. In 2022, police nationwide cleared 36.7% of violent crimes that were reported to them and 12.1% of the property crimes that came to their attention.

Which crimes are most likely to be reported to police? Which are most likely to be solved?

Around eight-in-ten motor vehicle thefts (80.9%) were reported to police in 2022, making them by far the most commonly reported property crime tracked by BJS. Household burglaries and trespassing offenses were reported to police at much lower rates (44.9% and 41.2%, respectively), while personal theft/larceny and other types of theft were only reported around a quarter of the time.

Among violent crimes – excluding homicide, which BJS doesn’t track – robbery was the most likely to be reported to law enforcement in 2022 (64.0%). It was followed by aggravated assault (49.9%), simple assault (36.8%) and rape/sexual assault (21.4%).

The list of crimes  cleared  by police in 2022 looks different from the list of crimes reported. Law enforcement officers were generally much more likely to solve violent crimes than property crimes, according to the FBI.

The most frequently solved violent crime tends to be homicide. Police cleared around half of murders and nonnegligent manslaughters (52.3%) in 2022. The clearance rates were lower for aggravated assault (41.4%), rape (26.1%) and robbery (23.2%).

When it comes to property crime, law enforcement agencies cleared 13.0% of burglaries, 12.4% of larcenies/thefts and 9.3% of motor vehicle thefts in 2022.

Are police solving more or fewer crimes than they used to?

Nationwide clearance rates for both violent and property crime are at their lowest levels since at least 1993, the FBI data shows.

Police cleared a little over a third (36.7%) of the violent crimes that came to their attention in 2022, down from nearly half (48.1%) as recently as 2013. During the same period, there were decreases for each of the four types of violent crime the FBI tracks:

• Police cleared 52.3% of reported murders and nonnegligent homicides in 2022, down from 64.1% in 2013.
• They cleared 41.4% of aggravated assaults, down from 57.7%.
• They cleared 26.1% of rapes, down from 40.6%.
• They cleared 23.2% of robberies, down from 29.4%.

The pattern is less pronounced for property crime. Overall, law enforcement agencies cleared 12.1% of reported property crimes in 2022, down from 19.7% in 2013. The clearance rate for burglary didn’t change much, but it fell for larceny/theft (to 12.4% in 2022 from 22.4% in 2013) and motor vehicle theft (to 9.3% from 14.2%).

Note: This is an update of a post originally published on Nov. 20, 2020.

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John Gramlich is an associate director at Pew Research Center .

Fewer than 1% of federal criminal defendants were acquitted in 2022

Before release of video showing tyre nichols’ beating, public views of police conduct had improved modestly, violent crime is a key midterm voting issue, but what does the data say, u.s. public divided over whether people convicted of crimes spend too much or too little time in prison, what we know about the increase in u.s. murders in 2020, most popular.

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Crime As A Social Problem: How To Write An Essay?

Table of Contents

Nevertheless, the key to solving the problem lays deeply in it and only through research of every aspect of the problem it can be found. That is exactly why this topic is so popular! You have endless scopes to discover, various information to collect, numerous questions to find answers to, and freedom to compose any personal topic dealing with crime.

But still, all essays on crime are similar to their aim – to discover and to help. You need to realize that any cause-effect connections you may find can indeed help to understand the problem better, develop new methods of preventing, reducing or dealing with crimes and criminals and reveal many other useful things.

How to write crime essay?

Writing an essay on crime is almost the same as writing any other essay. However, remember that you need to be extremely precise with the information you include in your essay – it’s better to check the trustworthiness and accuracy of everything you decided to take on the Internet. What’s more, it is a good idea to rely on statistics and numbers.

Moreover, it is better to choose a specific topic for your essay – that’s how you make it informative and newsworthy. Picking too broad topic will result in writing about everything and nothing. At the same time, choosing a narrow topic may be difficult to write due to the lack of available information.

So, analyze your topic and find the golden middle. These are the main differences in a crime essay.

Here are some basic recommendations:

• Come up with the topic – not too narrow, not too broad, most importantly – interesting for you.
• Write an outline and stick to it – any essay needs to be structured both for easier writing and for better perception.
• Be interested in what you write about.

The best structure for the essay on crime

Any essay should contain three parts – introduction, main body, and conclusion. They may also consist of paragraphs for better understanding while reading. So when you have finally decided on your topic, it is nice to make an outline – it is where all parts of your essay will be highlighted.

Here is a free example of an outline for the essay “Correlations of criminal behavior”:

1. Introduction – here you present all the background information needed to understand your ideas, it is the basis of your research. You may also give some definitions if needed.

2. The main body – to state all your ideas.

• Gender – discover who does more crimes, men or women. Try to explain or find explanations for the question “why”.
• Race and immigration – examine people of which race is more likely than others committing crimes. Also, explore how can the status of immigrant influence criminality.
• Early life – enumerate which factors in early life may be associated with committing crimes later. These may include trauma, family size and relations, alcohol and drug addiction in the family, bullying, low school performance, and many others.
• Religion – there are a few studies about how religiosity may influence criminality. Discover whether religion increase or decrease crime, how and why. Maybe, different religions have different effects.
• Political ideology – explore various political ideologies and how they encourage people to behave themselves. Are there any which obviously push people into committing a crime?
• Psychological traits – explain how psychological background may influence a person. Describe some mental illnesses which may make people aggressive and destructive. Find some statistics to prove your statements.
• Socioeconomic factors – examine people of which social or economic status are more prone to commit a crime, why? Explain also how the economic situation in family, city, and country may influence criminality. You may even write a poverty and crime essay.

3. Conclusion – make a derivation of everything you have stated. Keep in mind that no new ideas or statements are needed here.

4. References – add a list of the sources you have used in your essay (if needed).

Causes of crime essay

It is doubtless that the government and authorities try to prevent crimes (which is a great idea, by the way!).

Nevertheless, it is still occurring.

The problem with this is that the majority of people can’t understand where it all comes from. To cope with the problem we need to spread the awareness of why crime is done because “just insanity” isn’t usually the answer.

If you decided to write such an essay, here are some ideas for you to consider in your essay:

• Physical abnormalities – it is still believed that people who encounter some features of appearance are more likely to commit a crime. It is stated that these people have smaller heads, bigger jaws, and ears and are of a certain weight and height. Another determining factor is race.
• Mental illnesses and psychological disorders – there are some illnesses which make people generally more aggressive.
• Social and economic factors – it is a well-known fact that people of lower social status commit more crimes. The same is with the economy – the poorer the country is, the more crime is committed.
• Income and education – it was revealed that educated people are less likely to commit a crime compared to those who are uneducated. What is more, unemployment is regarded as one of the most widespread reasons for crime.
• White-collar crime – it is a prevalent crime among deputies and high officials. They include bribery, abuse of status, bureaucracy, and others.

Hate crime essay: what’s best to cover?

Hate crime is committed against a group of people or someone who belongs to it. As a rule, race and religion are the main factors. Hate crime itself is a violent act towards a person or a group of people due to their affiliation with a group or organization.

Thousands of people all around the world are suffering since they just profess the religion someone doesn’t like, have another color of skin or encounter some even less noticeable differences. Consider writing a does the death penalty deter crime essay in this context.

Thus this type of crime is indeed worth highlighting. Here is a free sample for you to pick some ideas.

Cybercrime essay: several hints

Cybercrime is a relatively new problem which develops with the Internet and technologies. Only fifteen years ago there wasn’t such a problem. However, it is expected that the global cost of cybercrime will surmount $6 trillion!

Most widespread types of cybercrime include fraud, hacking, identity theft, scamming, computer viruses, ransomware, DDoS attack, botnets, spamming, phishing, social engineering, malvertising, cyberstalking, software piracy, cyberbullying and many others.

This is why the topic is really up-to-date. So you may look through this free example to know where to begin this broad topic.

Final thoughts

All in all, crime is a newsworthy scope to explore and write essays on. Unfortunately, crimes are constantly occurring, and there are lots of information and statistics you may need to discover some specific questions.

Don’t hesitate to examine something you’re really interested in, no matter how “important” it is considered! Good luck!

Can’t wait to fight all the crime around the globe? We’ll help! Order your perfect essay on crime and cut yourself free for anything you have on your mind.

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Home — Essay Samples — Law, Crime & Punishment — Organized Crime — Understanding Crime: Types and Impact on Society

Understanding Crime: Types and Impact on Society

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Published: Mar 1, 2019

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Essay on Crime

Students are often asked to write an essay on Crime in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Crime

Understanding crime.

Crime refers to acts that violate the law. They are considered harmful and punishable by a governing authority. Crimes can range from theft to murder.

Types of Crimes

There are various types of crimes. Violent crimes include actions like assault, while theft falls under property crimes. White-collar crimes involve fraud or embezzlement.

Consequences of Crime

Crimes have severe consequences. They can lead to imprisonment, fines, or even death penalties. Moreover, they harm communities and individuals, causing fear and damage.

Preventing Crime

Preventing crime involves law enforcement, education, and community programs. Everyone can contribute to a safer society by obeying laws and reporting suspicious activities.

Also check:

• Paragraph on Crime
• Speech on Crime

250 Words Essay on Crime

Introduction.

Crime, a pervasive aspect of society, is an act that violates a law and is punishable by the state. It disruptively breaches societal norms, creating a sense of insecurity and fear. This essay delves into the nature of crime, its causes, and the role of law enforcement.

The Nature of Crime

Crime is a complex phenomenon, varying across cultures and societies. It ranges from minor offences like theft to severe ones like homicide. The nature of crime reflects societal values, as what is considered criminal is determined by the prevailing legal and moral code.

Causes of Crime

The causes of crime are multifaceted, involving biological, psychological, and sociological factors. Biological theories suggest genetic predispositions towards criminal behaviour. Psychological theories focus on the individual’s mental processes and their interaction with the environment. Sociological theories, on the other hand, emphasize societal structures and inequalities as major crime contributors.

Law Enforcement and Crime

Law enforcement agencies play a crucial role in maintaining order, preventing crime, and ensuring justice. They function as a deterrent, keeping potential criminals in check. However, their effectiveness is contingent upon their ability to adapt to evolving criminal tactics.

In conclusion, crime is a societal issue with deep roots in individual and social structures. Understanding its nature and causes is key to formulating effective strategies for prevention and control. As society evolves, so too must our approach to understanding and combating crime.

500 Words Essay on Crime

Crime, a social and legal concept, has been a part of human society since its inception. It refers to the actions that violate the norms and laws of a society, leading to harm or potential harm to individuals or the community. The study of crime, its causes, effects, and prevention, is a crucial aspect of sociology, psychology, and criminology.

Crime is a complex phenomenon, varying across societies and times. It is not static but evolves with societal norms and legal frameworks. What may be considered a crime in one society may not be in another, and similarly, what was a crime in the past might not be so today. For instance, homosexuality was once criminalized in many societies, but it is now widely accepted and decriminalized.

Types of Crime

Crimes are generally categorized into personal crimes, property crimes, inchoate crimes, statutory crimes, and financial crimes. Personal crimes involve direct harm or threat to an individual, such as assault or robbery. Property crimes involve interfering with another person’s property, like burglary or theft. Inchoate crimes are those that were started but not completed, while statutory crimes are violations of specific statutes. Financial crimes, such as fraud or embezzlement, involve the illegal conversion of property ownership.

The causes of crime are multifaceted, often interwoven with societal, psychological, and economic factors. Poverty, lack of education, substance abuse, and family violence are some common societal factors leading to crime. Psychological factors include personality disorders, low self-control, and aggression. Economic factors, such as unemployment or income inequality, also contribute significantly to crime rates.

Effects of Crime

Crime affects society in numerous ways, from creating fear and insecurity to damaging social cohesion. It impacts the economy by diverting resources towards law enforcement and away from other sectors. On an individual level, crime can lead to physical harm, psychological trauma, and financial loss.

Crime prevention strategies are as diverse as the causes of crime. They include social strategies, such as improving education and employment opportunities, and legal strategies, such as effective law enforcement and fair judicial systems. Psychological interventions, like counseling and therapy, can also play a significant role in crime prevention.

Understanding crime is essential to creating a safe and harmonious society. By examining its nature, types, causes, effects, and prevention, we can develop effective strategies to reduce crime rates and mitigate its impact on individuals and communities. It is a collective responsibility that requires the concerted efforts of individuals, communities, and governments.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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ReviseSociology

A level sociology revision – education, families, research methods, crime and deviance and more!

Evaluate the View that Crime and Deviance are Inevitable and Beneficial for Individuals and Society as a Whole

One answer to this AQA A-Level Sociology crime and deviance exam question drawing on Functionalist, Marxist and Labelling Theory perspectives.

Table of Contents

Last Updated on September 21, 2023 by Karl Thompson

This question was the 30 mark essay question on the June 2022 Crime and Deviance A-Level Sociology exam paper.

I have to say TOP MARKS for a fantastic question, lots in here to unpack.

The question came with an item that candidates had to apply which explicitly referenced Functionalists thinking crime was inevitable because not everyone could fit into the norms and values of society, and also that crime was beneficial.

The item also referenced that Conflict Theorists were critical of this view because crime is ‘constructed’ in such as way that it benefits certain individuals.

Quick Question decode….

The question breaks down into two chunks of two…

• Evaluate the view that crime is inevitable (and evaluate the theory behind this)
• Evaluate the view that crime is beneficial – i. for society and ii. for individuals.

The easiest way to structure this is probably to start off discussing and evaluating the Functionalist view – on inevitability and then whether it’s beneficial and use mainly conflict (Marxist/ Feminist/ Interactionist) views to evaluate Functionalism.

This question also screams out ‘talk about different types of crime and contrast them’.

And I’d also spend some time talking about PostModernism/ Cultural Theories of Crime – but again using these to critique Functionalism and Conflict Theories too.

I’d recommend NOT just doing a paragraph list answer – DONT’ start with Functionalism then do Marxism then do Feminism – that will probably limit you to a mid mark band, C grade – for Bs and As I’m thinking the examiners are going to want an answer that really focuses on using material to critique Functionalism!

However, having said that – it’s kind of hard to avoid discussing Durkheim’s theory – all of it first – it’s how you critique the different aspects of it that will help you avoid a ‘listing the theories’ answer’.

Below is a rough guide to how I’d answer this question….

Evaluate the view that Crime is Inevitable and beneficial for Society and Individuals…

Functionalism.

Here you can outline Durkheim’s theory of the ‘Society of Saints ‘ – in which he theorised that even in a near perfect society very small acts would become deviant and end up being criminalised because ‘society needs crime’, and in fact that crime is beneficial.

Durkheim in fact argued that crime performed three positive functions – social regulation (people are reminded of the boundaries when criminals are punished), social integration – people bond together more closely against criminals and then it also allows social change to take place (without deviance there can be no change!).

Durkheim’s idea that crime is ‘inevitable’ seems to make sense as it is difficult to conceive of a society in which there is no crime, let alone no deviance. It also allows for the fact that some individuals are always going to break the rules, and so are not entirely controlled by society.

However this is quite a weak theory – it doesn’t say very much – Durkheim didn’t really talk about what kind of acts he was talking about – if bad manners are ‘always going to be inevitable’ then Functionalism as a theory kind of holds together, but if more serious crimes are inevitable in ALL societies – such as murders, treason, revolutions, that undermines the whole of Functionalist consensus theory because if all societies eventually end in conflict, then consensus is only ever a temporary state and societies don’t evolve in the way Durkheim thought.

It’s a very difficult theory to assess this – in terms of minor acts of deviance YES they are always going to be around it seems, but in a way who cares because these don’t harm people or upset the balance of society, but in terms of the more serious crimes – mass organised crimes, terrorism aimed at social change – mass shootings in America by lone individuals – are these the inevitable?

It is impossible to measure at a global and 100 year historical level with any degree of accuracy but as a general rule there do seem to be LESS violent, serious and destabilising crimes in wealthier European Countries, suggesting where we have wealth and inclusion and democracy and human rights, more serious crimes that are going to blow society apart are less likely, but in poorer countries, in Africa for example, which has the highest amount of civil wars for the last half a century, violent crime seems more likely.

But then the most violent States on Earth are the very richest – the USA, Russia, China, all commit human rights abuses but generally against people in remote territories and against people deemed to be ‘enemies of the state’ – so maybe crime is inevitable when we have huge power differentials in the world….?

This brings to mind the Marxist perspective on crime – this essentially argues that ‘crime’ in the form of revolution is inevitable as oppression causes increasing exploitation which eventually leads to violent revolution (which by definition are criminal against the existing State) – however this doesn’t really seem to fit the historical record any better than Functionalism, real communist revolutions are far and few between, much more war is about desperation or colonial conquest.

Marxists also argue that things like low level street crime are the outcome of poverty and oppression caused by the inequalities and injustices of Capitalism – this seems to make more sense as a theory of the inevitability of crime than Durkheim’s as there is a correlation between these types of crime and poverty.

In contrast Durkhiems’ theory can’t be tested because he was never specific enough, thus it’s probably better to dismiss the idea as it can’t be proven.

There are also problems with Durkheim’s theory of crime being beneficial is that it comes from the logic ‘that if something in society exists then it must have a function’ – Durkheim was kind of tunnel visioned here and he couldn’t accept the view that some things were just plain dysfunctional and had no social benefit at all.

It is difficult to argue, for example, that domestic abuse has a useful social function – as it is hidden and never seen, and obviously one can’t argue it benefits the victims.

In order for a crime to be deemed beneficial – to perform one of Durkheim’s social functions it needs to be visible….. In this case one might be able to argue that domestic abuse does enhance social integration as people may come together to kick out local abusers from their neighbourhoods – HOWEVER – it’s not a very positive basis for ‘unity’ and not that healthy where people are just united against something else – also there’s no real need for this type of integration is there? I mean doesn’t sport and music and many other things do the same without the crime and harm?

Also with social regulation – maybe crimes being punished remind people of the boundaries – but Marxists have pointed out that some crimes are much more likely to get punished than others – such as working class drug dealers bet punished, not the middle class users who take them.

And thus the Marxist take on crime benefiting some individuals more than others maybe fits better with social reality – we have selective law enforcement and punishment – the working classes are kept in their place while elites are more likely to get away with doing corporate and white collar crime without being noticed.

And when we look at some white collar crimes it’s hard to argue they benefit society – such as the fraud that led to the collapse of Enron – which led to massive losses for ordinary investors and job losses for workers – very few people in fact benefitted from that other than a small amount of criminals who skimmed profit before the crash.

The Labelling Theory of Crime

The item references crime being constructed in such a way that it benefits certain individuals more than others – this is an interactionist point of view – it means that what is criminal is determined by the law which in turn is determined by people.

We can see this most clearly in the way certain drugs are made criminal – for example with cannabis gradually being decriminalised in some states in America – when it used to be criminal law officers could prosecute people for growing and selling it, now in those states were it is decriminalised people can’t be prosecuted – this shows up the varying nature of how some States deem this act to be harmful, others beneficial.

But what’s maybe more important is how some kind of violent acts are not labelled as criminal – for example state violence in war, presumably because whichever territory is being ‘liberated’ is going to benefit from that particular wave of state violence, while ANY violence by ordinary people on the streets is deemed to be NOT beneficial in any way.

In Conclusion

Personally I’d dismiss the idea that crime is inevitable as it’s too broad a statement to be meaningful.

As to the Functionalist idea that crime is beneficial for society – this is too generalised to be true, but it certainly seems to be the case that crime does indeed benefit some people more than others – maybe for that reason it is inevitable, after all, but it’s impossible to say with any certainty WHAT types of criminal and deviant act are inevitable.

Good question, cheers!

Final Thoughts

This isn’t a definitive answer, I just thought I’d have some fun with it!

The Functionalist view of Crime

The Marxist View of crime

SignPosting

For further help with how to answer exam questions on the Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods paper you might like my page on exam and revision advice , scroll down for paper three.

The material above is usually first taught as part of the Crime and Deviance topic within A-level sociology

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16 Causes of Crime Essay (with Solutions)

This essay on the causes of crime will examine the major factors accounting for the increase in the crime rate such as the breakdown in societal values, proliferation of harmful instruments, illicit substances, peer pressure, unemployment, advances being made in technology, globalization, broken homes, parental neglect and poverty.

We will also identify the possible solutions to crime in society. But we shall begin with the definition of crime and the types of crime prevalent in society today.

Are you looking for a complete sample essay on the causes of crime and its solutions? Then you have come to the right place. Sit back and read closely this sample essay on the causes of both violent and non-violent forms of crime anywhere in the world.

Definition of Crime

To write a complete essay on the causes of crime and violence, we must have a full understanding of what we mean by crime and the various forms crime takes.

Crime refers to acts by individuals or groups that go against the law and societal norms and are therefore punishable by law.

Types of Crime

So what are the types of crime in society? The major types of crime include hate crime, economic crime, cybercrime, white-collar crime, revenge crime and organized crime.

Under the above types of crime, we have specific instances of crime. While some crimes cause little to no physical harm or injury to the victim, others are so violent that they inflict severe pain or physical injury on the persons at the receiving end of such acts of criminal behaviour.

In fact, quite often, some of these crimes result in the deaths of the victims.

Again, murder and homicide are examples of crimes that mean the demise of the affected persons.

Below is a list of the many instances of crime that are on the rise in almost every society across the globe.

• Embezzlement
• Fraud and scams
• Aggravated assault
• Tax evasion
• Human trafficking
• Drug trafficking
• Money laundering

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The Causes of Crime

At this stage of our essay on the causes of crime, we shall take a closer look at each one of the causes of crime.

1. Breakdown in Societal Values

The breakdown in traditional societal values is one of the major causes of crime today. The amazing rate of modernization we see around us has increased our quest for material things.

Today, people are willing to go to any length to acquire expensive dresses, cars and mansions. This has, unfortunately, led a lot of people to believe that any means to the acquisition of material wealth is justifiable.

As a result, such timeless social values as honesty, hard work and integrity have largely been relegated to the background.

No wonder, parents, families and even religious leaders continue to aid and abet criminal behaviours such as embezzlement, kidnapping, internet fraud and the like.

2. Illicit Substances

Among the major causes of crime is the widespread use of illicit substances. The abuse of substances is known to influence the abuser to engage in criminal and anti-social behaviour.

Such anti-social behaviours are often perpetrated by individuals who have lost control of their sense of decency and morality due to the effects of the abuse of these substances

3. Proliferation of Dangerous Instruments

Again, violence, kidnapping and banditry are common today mainly because it has become relatively easy to acquire certain weapons.

The causes of this unfortunate development are many and complex.

In other places, the increase in conflicts has led to a situation where most youth have easy access to dangerous implements.

4. Unemployment

No essay on the causes of crime will be complete without a mention of unemployment. As the saying goes, the devil finds work for an idle hand.

Today, there are multitudes of both unemployed and unemployable youths roaming our streets and looking unsuccessfully for something to do to earn a living.

Out of frustration and desperation, many of these individuals join criminal gangs to rob innocent citizens at gunpoint. They have come to see crime as the only means to survival.

5. Globalization

Crime is now organized on an international scale. Globalization has made it easier for criminals or people with the intent to commit crimes to connect via social media and plan their nefarious activities.

The ease with which these individuals and groups are able to share information and exchange ideas and acquire illicit drugs and weapons is disturbing.

Government law enforcement agencies appear to have come to their wit’s end as to how to curb the activities of international criminal gangs such as money laundering, human trafficking and cyber fraud.

6. Advances in Technology

Today, cybercriminals are having a field day. Identify theft, fraud, bank data breaches and robbery, cyberextortion and ransomware attacks are on the increase.

With a click of a button, hackers are able to get away with millions of dollars from banks with weak or compromised cybersecurity systems.

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Furthermore, the increased use of social media has made it possible for many to become unsuspecting victims to so-called e-commerce ‘merchants’, ‘friends’ and ‘lovers’.

7. Broken Homes and Parental Neglect

As divorce rates increase astronomically in many parts of the world, children are left with no proper parental care or training.

Economic hardship has exacerbated the problem of broken homes. In many developing countries, for example, jobless fathers who cannot bear the burden of providing for their families are known to have disappeared into thin air.

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Without the care and guidance from their parents, many children have grown into adults with no positive moral grounding. These are the products of parental neglect terrorizing society with unspeakable criminal acts.

Poverty is a problem we cannot easily ignore in this essay on the causes of crime. Some people engage in criminal behaviour simply because they are deprived of the basic means of livelihood.

Indeed, hunger and deprivation are among the major causes of crime in many less-developed countries in Africa, Asia and South America.

Crimes like theft, fraud, banditry and kidnapping are notable consequences of poverty.

9. Economic Inequalities

Rapid population growth rates, corruption and economic mismanagement by governments have resulted in a widening gap between the rich few and the majority poor.

Out of resentment, some people have resorted to hate crimes. Some incidents of robbery and kidnapping are purely a way by which those who feel left out of the benefits of economic development vent their anger and frustrations on the privileged class.

10. Peer Pressure

The rise in crime among the youth, in particular, is attributable to peer pressure. Impressionable as they are, the youth are easily swayed by promises of flashy cars and other material possessions to follow their peers down the road of criminality.

11. Low Self-Esteem

Closely linked to the peer pressure factor is low self-esteem. For some, a feeling of inferiority creates the need for acceptance and self-validation.

One way to achieve this is to engage in anti-social behaviour that their friends portray as acts of bravery or manliness. These are the individuals who are misled into occultism in secondary schools and many institutions of higher learning.

Assault, arson, kidnapping and outright vandalism are instances of crime that are linked to people grappling with self-esteem issues.

12. Role of the Mass Media

We must also highlight the role of the mass media in this essay on the causes of crime. There seems to be no control over the media in their portrayal of violent scenes on TV, the internet and in newspapers.

We have movies that openly show scenes of gun violence, robbery and the like. A lot of these scenes appear to glorify criminal behaviour.

No wonder, the phenomenon of unruly land guards who maim and murder people with impunity is on the rise in some parts of the world.

Moreover, the unguarded utterances of politicians and so-called social commentators have not helped matters.

13. Lax Law Enforcement

In some jurisdictions, the police have become accomplices of the criminals they are supposed to arrest and brought before the law. It is common knowledge that some law enforcement officers turn a blind eye to incidents of crime taking place right before their eyes.

Also, systemic corruption within the law enforcement apparatus has made it difficult for the citizens to assist the police and immigration officers in their effort to prevent crime.

Lack of logistics and equipment has rendered otherwise committed law enforcement officers powerless in their encounters with hardened criminals.

All these have continued to embolden some individuals and groups with criminal intent to rob, rape, kidnap and murder with impunity.

14. Ineffective Judicial System

Yet another factor worth mentioning in this sample essay on the causes of crime is the ineffectiveness of the judicial system.

The ineffectual justice system has also contributed to crime in society. Over here too, corruption is a major problem. Judges are known to have taken bribes and left lawbreakers off the hook.

The pervasive unfairness in the justice delivery system means that criminals are allowed to have their way. The notion of equality before the law has remained elusive in many parts of the world.

There are countless instances where judges have compromised their positions by accepting bribes from suspected criminals. Consequently, such corrupt judges deliberately allow criminal cases brought before them to drag on for years just to favour persons just to favour the suspects who have greased their palms.

This unprofessional behaviour on the part of judges and other judicial officers has contributed to a breakdown in the rule of law. The powerful are able to commit crimes against the less privileged without any fear of repercussions.

As a result, the aggrieved have often resorted to revenge crime. Fraud, murder, arson and kidnapping are some examples of revenge crimes.

15. Intolerance

Sometimes, intolerance has resulted in acts that break the law. Politics, religion and ethnicity are the major sources of hate crime in many societies. Every day, people are murdered, kidnapped or robbed all in the name of politics, religion and ethnicity.

16. Ignorance

Our final point in this essay on the causes of crime is ignorance. It is a known fact that some people commit crimes out of ignorance. In other words, such individuals are unaware that what they do constitutes criminal behaviour and is punishable by law.

Examples of crimes people can commit without knowing they are breaking the law include human trafficking, some forms of assault and burglary. What the majority of people fail to even realize is that ignorance is no excuse before the law.

Solutions to the High Crime Rate

We shall end this essay on the causes of crime by highlighting the possible solutions to crime.

Stricter Law Enforcement

Everything needs to be done to help all law enforcement agencies up their game. A disciplined and incorruptible police force, for example, will send a strong signal to everyone that you cannot break the law and get away with it.

Fairness in the Justice System

One way to stem the tide of crime is to promote effectiveness in the justice system. Fair and speedy trials will serve to make people begin to develop trust in the system.

And it will serve as a deterrent to anyone with a tendency to commit a crime.

Reduction in Poverty

It is the duty of governments to formulate and implement pragmatic programmes that will alleviate economic hardship within the population.

The resultant reduction in economic inequalities can help reduce the unprecedented crime wave sweeping across the globe right now.

Creation of Job Opportunities

One effective way to tackle the menace of crime is to create adequate job avenues for the youth. Apart from contributing to higher incomes and the reduction in poverty levels, jobs will also serve as an avenue for young people to channel their energies into productive activities.

The higher the number of employed youth, the lower the crime rate, all things being equal.

Promotion of Social Harmony

Politicians, religious leaders, traditional rulers and community leaders must actively promote peace and harmony in society.

Their actions and utterances can go a long way to engender a spirit of tolerance and love within the population.

Awareness Creation

Finally, to reduce crime, it is necessary to educate the population on topics such as criminal law, crime prevention and civic responsibilities.

Schools, religious groups, social gatherings and homes must be the prime targets for aggressive awareness creation on all matters regarding law and order.

This sample essay has laid bare the causes of crime in our world today.  These include globalization, parental neglect, the proliferation of firearms, poverty, peer pressure and intolerance. We have also identified the types of crime as well as some instances of criminal behaviour. Above all, we have seen the possible solutions to the problem of crime.

On what other topics would you like us to write an essay? Leave it in the comment box below.

Did you find this information helpful? Then share it on your favourite social media platform for the benefit of others you care about. Thank you!

Ralph Nyadzi

Ralph Nyadzi is the Director of Studies at Cegast Academy. He is a qualified English tutor with decades of experience behind him. Since 2001, he has successfully coached thousands of High School General Arts WASSCE candidates in English, Literature and related subjects. He combines his expertise with a passion for lifelong learning to guide learners from varying backgrounds to achieve their educational goals. Ralph shares lessons from his blogging journey on BloggingtotheMax . He lives with River, his pet cat, in the Central Region of Ghana.

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Why Crime Is A Social Problem? (Essay Sample) 2023

Why crime is a social problem.

Crime is a violation of given law in which there is penalties incurred after a certain violation. Crimes represent a type of formal deviation from social customs and norms administered by a certain authority or state. A research was conducted between criminology research and policy youth and concluded that crime is critically evaluated from the modern social trends in the world. Depending on the country or authority, crimes are divided into categories by law, the exact age of the offender, the severity or intensity of crime or offence, the potential punishment that can be undertaken as a result of violation of law. Society today has seen various people and crimes have originated in the community around and spread to be crisis. Biological and physiological explanation has not fully given an explanation of how and why higher crime rates are associated with certain location or even social background of people. For instance if Texas has higher crime rate than los Angeles  and the united states has higher crimes than Russia, it would be wrong to say that people in Texas and united sets have the same biological problem and psychological problems than those people from Los Angeles and Russia. This essay seeks to describe and explain why crime is a social problem and how one can change depending on the environment.

Sociological explanations have found their ways to explain the social pattern of crime, also the increase in number of crime rate, and to give us some possible solution from it. According to the functional perspective, social structural theory suggests that most crime is due to the fall of society norms including societies organization and the root crime problem is from the society itself rather than one’s biological or psychological life. Society has been disorganized in such a way that certain number of social characteristics experienced in the neighborhood is the major contributor of high crime rates. These traits are poverty, population density and population turnover of the society. As said by Merton Robert, crime committed by the poor comes from a space or a gap created between culture emphasis and society’s success, and the incapacity to attain accomplishment through more logistical way which is working. According to Sutherland Edwin’s, crime is a social problem since criminal behavior can be learnt due to close friends who practice such crime and teaches another person. This social interaction has yielded higher crime rate in the society and has become one of the major reasons for crime in society. This has seen many communities fail to teach their children the correct way of life and some end up to be labeled: “arrested and will be imprisoned for life”. Another aspect of crime is emergency e of conflict. Conflict arise as from different factors social class, ethnicity, race and classs.as result crime has seen its way in and become a social problem since the rich or those who are wealthy use resource to fight the law if they commit a violation. Since the society comprises of different people with different ethnical background or has categorized themselves to different groups, this creates desire for power and control over resources. People of a certain group, if powerful, can influence certain laws to be passed in which they do not favor the other group. Crime comes in and people try to assume those facts but after some time it is becoming a crisis in the society.

In conclusion all this crimes originate from the society itself. It’s a social problem because it affects the entire society. Crime is majorly influenced by interaction of bad friends, difference in opinion, the desire to influence power, the ability to control resources and social organization. All this is seen as a result of people ignoring the fact that society is not about competing in social class or even focusing on economic success but to generate good behavior pattern.

The Drug Effect: Health, Crime and Society Essay

The production and consumption of drugs turn out to be one of the most frequently discussed issues in a society and via the media. In their work, Fraser and Moore (2011) make an attempt to discuss Western nations and their addiction to drugs that is perfectly described through various movies, music, and video and prove that the chosen social spaces may cause rather controversial thoughts about the war on drugs, stereotypes that exist around drug addiction, and the inabilities to define where pleasure from drugs ends and pain with risk begin. Of course, people have to know more about drugs and their ambiguous nature, still, such sources like music, films, and videos should not be treated as the only credible materials to rely on.

Fraser and Moore’s case study describes a number of complex social processes and relations that usually surround the drug production and consumption like the development of stereotypes, neglect of the existing social norms, and human inabilities to control their passion in regards to pleasure and play that come from the drug use and teaches that people should not trust media all the time but rely on personal opinions.

In the reading, there are several topics discussed: illegal drugs’ representation, a variety of styles (rock’n’roll, funk, blues, pop, hip-hop, reggae, etc.) and their impact on drugs’ understanding, and the unexplained role of music videos on people’s styles of life. Still, the most crucial point of the whole case study is the authors’ possibility to explain how drugs and their impact on humans may be explained by means of movie scenes, words in songs, and even movements in clips.

People cannot get rid of the stereotypes that exist around drug consumption and production; still, they want to believe that such things like movies and music, that are usual in an everyday life, may play a considerable role and send the required message (Borzekowski & Strasburger 2010). This is why such complex social processes like the development of stereotypes, social norms’ neglect, and chaos because of pleasure and pain caused by drugs should be regarded in terms of certain societal and political changes.

One of the leading ideas supported by Fraser and Moore is that “drug war stereotypes and century-old notions of excess, desire, addiction, fear, pleasure, disorder and violence are continually played out through narrative, music and visual representations, but not always along the condemnatory, moralizing lines we might expect” (2011, p. 68). The analysis of the movies, as well as music and videos, can make the reader think that people themselves are too weak to decide about the possible role of drugs in their lives. They are so bound to the already created norms that they cannot even think about the possibility to create a different point of view and offer a kind of controversy to the idea imposed. It seems that the media uses its functions to their full extend and frame the attitudes towards such personal issues like risk, fear, and pleasure (Lancaster, Hughes, Spicer, Mathew-Simmons, & Dillon 2011).

For example, the connection between movies and society was so close in the 1920s and 1930s that it was hard to define whether the movies introduced the use of such drugs like marijuana and cocaine as pleasurable and non-criminal lifestyles or the society supported such idea and made its implementation to some movies possible. At the same time, the movies of that period sent mixed messages about drugs (Axelrod-Contrada 2007) introducing drugs as one of the possible ways to salvation or as one of the scariest ways of human degradation (Fraser & Moore 2011). Anyway, it was evident that the role of stereotypes hovering in the air could not be neglected.

Another important issue discussed by Fraser and Moore is the possibility of movies and music to influence human understanding of the reality and social norms that should be followed. The identification of social norms and expectations depends considerably on a culture, where a movie or music is created (Hanson, Venturelli, & Fleckenstein 2009). This is why such movies like Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas or Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back created several decades ago in the American society that demonstrated rather a controversial attitude to the use of drugs makes one group of people enjoy the stories and watch them regularly or another group of disgust the events described (Greenberg 2013).

In fact, watching movies or listen to the music, or enjoying music videos, people want to believe that they themselves create the opinions about the plot offered. However, they cannot even guess how wrong they can be. The point is that the people, who create media and introduce it to the public, try to take into consideration a number of things like an in-time turn of a head, a properly chosen look or emotion, sound, light, or even the placement of a particular setting (Vick & Rhoades 2010). Their main goal is not to make a product popular but to make people believe that a product is worth recognising, this is why they are ready to break the rules and neglect the norms just to achieve the desirable purposes.

Finally, the case study on drugs shows how the chaos and inabilities to define the line between pleasure and pain makes the idea of drug usage more captivating for many people. In spite of the fact that people are usually defined as weak in front of their own wishes and desires, they may be strongly guided by the rules. Still, when drugs enter their lives even through movies, songs, and clips, people cannot understand how to gain control over their emotions and start doubting about their abilities, feelings, and choices.

People want to believe that they are not addicted by the idea of drugs even if they have never used them. Still, they should realize that even when they start thinking that the use of drugs is something wrong and risky, they start breaking the boundary between their own pleasure and pain. One day, they can destroy this imaginary wall and become the next victim of the drugs spread through movies, music, and music videos.

There are many movies, songs, and video clips that touch upon the role of drugs in a human life. People are eager to share their own experiences, opinions, and predictions about the possible future of drugs and people, who choose drugs. The case study offered by Fraser and Moore seems to be a good chance to identify the main issues concerning the use of drugs and its spread in a society, explain whether there are some threats that may come from the chosen type of media, and realize how the illegal representation of drugs may confuse people and make them get lost among the existing variety of pleasure and pain.

Reference List

Axelrod-Contrada, J 2007, The facts about drugs and society , Marshall Cavendish, Tarrytown, NY. Web.

Borzekowski, DLG & Strasburger, VC 2010, ‘Adolescents and media messages about tobacco, alcohol, and drugs’, in SL Calvert & BJ Wilson (eds), The handbook of children, media and development , Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, pp. 432-452. Web.

Fraser, S & Moore, D 2011, The drug effect: Health, crime and society , Cambridge University Press, New York. Web.

Greenberg, E 2013, 10 best movie drug trips . Web.

Hanson, G, Venturelli, P, & Fleckenstein, A 2009, Drugs and society , Jones & Bartlett Learning, Sudbury, MA. Web.

Lancaster, K, Hughes, CE, Spicer, B, Mathew-Simmons, F, & Dillon, P 2011, ‘Illicit drugs and the media: Models of media effects for use in drug policy research’, Drug and Alcohol Review, vol. 30, no.4, pp. 397-402. Web.

Vick, D & Rhoades, E 2010, Drugs and alcohol in the 21 st century: Theory, behaviour, and policy , Jones & Bartlett Learning, Sudbury, MA. Web.

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Bibliography

IvyPanda . "The Drug Effect: Health, Crime and Society." June 9, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-drug-effect-health-crime-and-society/.

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