what is assignment in computer science

Programming - AQA Variables and constants

Programs are designed using common building blocks, known as programming constructs. These programming constructs form the basis for all programs.

Part of Computer Science Computational thinking and problem solving

Variables and constants

Programs close program Sequences of instructions for a computer. usually use data close data Units of information. In computing there can be different data types, including integers, characters and Boolean. Data is often acted on by instructions. in some shape or form. Data is often stored within a program using variables and constants.

A variable close variable A memory location within a computer program where values are stored. is a named piece of memory that holds a value. The value held in a variable can - and usually does - change as the program is running.

A variable's name is known as an identifier. The identifier given to a variable usually follows certain rules known as a naming convention:

• It can contain letters and numbers but must start with a letter.
• It must contain at least one letter - at the start of the name.
• It must not contain special characters such as !@£$%&* or punctuation characters. However, an underscore can be used. Spaces are not allowed.
• It should contain lowercase letters. However, uppercase letters can be used if a variable name comprises more than one word joined together.
• The name should be meaningful - it should represent the value it is holding.

Variables make it easy for a programmer to use memory locations. The computer keeps track of which memory location the variable refers to. All the programmer has to do is remember the identifier the variable was given.

Declaration and assignment

Most programming languages close programming language A language used by a programmer to write a piece of software. require a variable to be identified before a value is assigned to it. This is known as declaring a variable. In Visual Basic, this would look like:

Dim score as Integer - would declare a variable called score which will hold integers.

Giving a variable a value is known as assignment. For example, giving the variable above a value would look like the following in Visual Basic:

score = 0 - would assign the value 0 to the variable score

Some programming languages, such as Python, do not require variables to be explicitly declared before use.

A constant is a named piece of memory where the value cannot be changed while a program runs.

Constants are useful because they are declared and assigned once, but can be referred to over and over again throughout the program. This means that if the programmer needs to change the value throughout the program code, they only need to make one change. This can help make a program easier to maintain.

Constants follow the same naming conventions as variables, except that they are often written in uppercase. Some programming languages, such as Python, do not support constants.

Constants are used for values that are unlikely to change, for example:

Pi - PI ← 3.142

Global and local variables

A global variable is one that can be accessed and changed throughout the whole program. Local variables only exist within a particular subroutine.

Using local variables rather than global variables makes it easier to debug a program as the value of that variable can only be read or changed within one subroutine. Another advantage of local variables is memory efficiency. Once a subroutine has finished running, the memory used for all local variables is removed.

In general, the use of global variables should be avoided wherever possible.

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Kenneth Leroy Busbee

An assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, it copies a value into the variable. [1]

The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within most programming languages the symbol used for assignment is the equal symbol. But bite your tongue, when you see the = symbol you need to start thinking: assignment. The assignment operator has two operands. The one to the left of the operator is usually an identifier name for a variable. The one to the right of the operator is a value.

Simple Assignment

The value 21 is moved to the memory location for the variable named: age. Another way to say it: age is assigned the value 21.

Assignment with an Expression

The item to the right of the assignment operator is an expression. The expression will be evaluated and the answer is 14. The value 14 would be assigned to the variable named: total_cousins.

Assignment with Identifier Names in the Expression

The expression to the right of the assignment operator contains some identifier names. The program would fetch the values stored in those variables; add them together and get a value of 44; then assign the 44 to the total_students variable.

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Assignment (computer science)

Setting or re-setting the value associated with a variable name / from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, dear wikiwand ai, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:.

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Summarize this article for a 10 year old

In computer programming , an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name ; in other words, it copies a value into the variable. In most imperative programming languages , the assignment statement (or expression) is a fundamental construct.

Today, the most commonly used notation for this operation is x = expr (originally Superplan 1949–51, popularized by Fortran 1957 and C ). The second most commonly used notation is [1] x   := expr (originally ALGOL 1958, popularised by Pascal ). [2] Many other notations are also in use. In some languages, the symbol used is regarded as an operator (meaning that the assignment statement as a whole returns a value). Other languages define assignment as a statement (meaning that it cannot be used in an expression).

Assignments typically allow a variable to hold different values at different times during its life-span and scope . However, some languages (primarily strictly functional languages) do not allow that kind of "destructive" reassignment, as it might imply changes of non-local state. The purpose is to enforce referential transparency , i.e. functions that do not depend on the state of some variable(s), but produce the same results for a given set of parametric inputs at any point in time. Modern programs in other languages also often use similar strategies, although less strict, and only in certain parts, in order to reduce complexity, normally in conjunction with complementing methodologies such as data structuring , structured programming and object orientation .

• Assignment Statement

An Assignment statement is a statement that is used to set a value to the variable name in a program .

Assignment statement allows a variable to hold different types of values during its program lifespan. Another way of understanding an assignment statement is, it stores a value in the memory location which is denoted by a variable name.

The symbol used in an assignment statement is called as an operator . The symbol is ‘=’ .

Note: The Assignment Operator should never be used for Equality purpose which is double equal sign ‘==’.

The Basic Syntax of Assignment Statement in a programming language is :

variable = expression ;

variable = variable name

expression = it could be either a direct value or a math expression/formula or a function call

Few programming languages such as Java, C, C++ require data type to be specified for the variable, so that it is easy to allocate memory space and store those values during program execution.

data_type variable_name = value ;

In the above-given examples, Variable ‘a’ is assigned a value in the same statement as per its defined data type. A data type is only declared for Variable ‘b’. In the 3 rd line of code, Variable ‘a’ is reassigned the value 25. The 4 th line of code assigns the value for Variable ‘b’.

Assignment Statement Forms

This is one of the most common forms of Assignment Statements. Here the Variable name is defined, initialized, and assigned a value in the same statement. This form is generally used when we want to use the Variable quite a few times and we do not want to change its value very frequently.

Tuple Assignment

Generally, we use this form when we want to define and assign values for more than 1 variable at the same time. This saves time and is an easy method. Note that here every individual variable has a different value assigned to it.

(Code In Python)

Sequence Assignment

(Code in Python)

Multiple-target Assignment or Chain Assignment

In this format, a single value is assigned to two or more variables.

Augmented Assignment

In this format, we use the combination of mathematical expressions and values for the Variable. Other augmented Assignment forms are: &=, -=, **=, etc.

Browse more Topics Under Data Types, Variables and Constants

• Concept of Data types
• Built-in Data Types
• Constants in Programing Language 
• Access Modifier
• Variables of Built-in-Datatypes
• Declaration/Initialization of Variables
• Type Modifier

Few Rules for Assignment Statement

Few Rules to be followed while writing the Assignment Statements are:

• Variable names must begin with a letter, underscore, non-number character. Each language has its own conventions.
• The Data type defined and the variable value must match.
• A variable name once defined can only be used once in the program. You cannot define it again to store other types of value.
• If you assign a new value to an existing variable, it will overwrite the previous value and assign the new value.

FAQs on Assignment Statement

Q1. Which of the following shows the syntax of an  assignment statement ?

• variablename = expression ;
• expression = variable ;
• datatype = variablename ;
• expression = datatype variable ;

Answer – Option A.

Q2. What is an expression ?

• Same as statement
• List of statements that make up a program
• Combination of literals, operators, variables, math formulas used to calculate a value
• Numbers expressed in digits

Answer – Option C.

Q3. What are the two steps that take place when an  assignment statement  is executed?

• Evaluate the expression, store the value in the variable
• Reserve memory, fill it with value
• Evaluate variable, store the result
• Store the value in the variable, evaluate the expression.

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CS50: Introduction to Computer Science

This is cs50x.

An introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming in an online course from Harvard.

What You'll Learn

This is CS50x , Harvard University's introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming for majors and non-majors alike, with or without prior programming experience. An entry-level course taught by David J. Malan, CS50x teaches students how to think algorithmically and solve problems efficiently. Topics include abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development. Languages include C, Python, SQL, and JavaScript plus CSS and HTML. Problem sets inspired by real-world domains of biology, cryptography, finance, forensics, and gaming. The on-campus version of CS50x , CS50, is Harvard's largest course. 

Students who earn a satisfactory score on 9 problem sets (i.e., programming assignments) and a final project are eligible for a certificate. This is a self-paced course–you may take CS50x on your own schedule.

The course will be delivered via edX and connect learners around the world. By the end of the course, participants will be able to:

• A broad and robust understanding of computer science and programming
• How to think algorithmically and solve programming problems efficiently
• Concepts like abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development
• Familiarity in a number of languages, including C, PHP, and JavaScript plus SQL, CSS, and HTML
• How to engage with a vibrant community of like-minded learners from all levels of experience
• How to develop and present a final programming project to your peers

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Gordon McKay Professor of the Practice of Computer Science, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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A Verified Certificate costs $219 and provides unlimited access to full course materials, activities, tests, and forums. At the end of the course, learners who earn a passing grade can receive a certificate. 

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CS50: Introduction to Computer Science

An introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming.

Associated Schools

Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

What you'll learn.

A broad and robust understanding of computer science and programming

How to think algorithmically and solve programming problems efficiently

Concepts like abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development

Familiarity with a number of languages, including C, Python, SQL, and JavaScript plus CSS and HTML

How to engage with a vibrant community of like-minded learners from all levels of experience

How to develop and present a final programming project to your peers

Course description

This is CS50x , Harvard University's introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming for majors and non-majors alike, with or without prior programming experience. An entry-level course taught by David J. Malan, CS50x teaches students how to think algorithmically and solve problems efficiently. Topics include abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development. Languages include C, Python, SQL, and JavaScript plus CSS and HTML. Problem sets inspired by real-world domains of biology, cryptography, finance, forensics, and gaming. The on-campus version of CS50x , CS50, is Harvard's largest course. 

Students who earn a satisfactory score on 9 problem sets (i.e., programming assignments) and a final project are eligible for a certificate. This is a self-paced course–you may take CS50x on your own schedule.

Instructors

David J. Malan

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What Is An Assignment In Computer Science

Table of Contents:

Assignment – This definition explains the meaning of Assignment and why it matters.

An assignment is a statement in computer programming that is used to set a value to a variable name. The operator used to do assignment is denoted with an equal sign (=). This operand works by assigning the value on the right-hand side of the operand to the operand on the left-hand side.

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Assignment (computer science)

Certain use patterns are very common, and thus often have special syntax to support them. These are primarily syntactic sugar to reduce redundancy in the source code, but also assists readers of the code in understanding the programmer’s intent, and provides the compiler with a clue to possible optimization.

Today, probably the most generally used notation with this operation is x = expr (initially Superplan 1949–51, popularized by Fortran 1957 and C). The 2nd most generally used notation is(1) x := expr (initially ALGOL 1958, popularised by Pascal). A number of other notations will also be being used. In certain languages, the symbol used is considered being an operator (and therefore a job statement in general returns something). Other languages define assignment like a statement (and therefore it can’t be utilized within an expression).

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In computer programming, an assignment statement sets or re sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name. In most imperative computer programming languages, assignment statements are one of the basic statements.…

In computer programming, an assignment statement sets or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name. In most imperative computer programming languages, assignment statements are one of the basic statements. Common notations for the assignment operator are = and :=.

Any assignment that changes an existing value (e. g. x := x + 1) is disallowed in purely functional languages. In functional programming, assignment is discouraged in favor of single assignment, also called name binding or initialization. Single assignment differs from assignment as described in this article in that it can only be made once, usually when the variable is created; no subsequent re-assignment is allowed. Once created by single assignment, named values are not variables but immutable objects.

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Adding Responsible CS to a Programming Assignment

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Overview – The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within most programming languages the symbol used for assignment is the equal symbol. But bite your tongue, when you see the = symbol you need to start thinking: assignment. The assignment operator has two operands. The one to the left of the operator is usually an identifier name for a variable. The one to the right of the operator is a value.

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In computer programming, an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, it copies a value into the variable. In most imperative programming languages, the assignment statement (or expression) is a fundamental construct. (en)

In computer programming, an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, it copies a value into the variable. In most imperative programming languages, the assignment statement (or expression) is a fundamental construct. Today, the most commonly used notation for this operation is x = expr (originally Superplan 1949–51, popularized by Fortran 1957 and C). The second most commonly used notation is x := expr (originally ALGOL 1958, popularised by Pascal),. Many other notations are also in use. In some languages, the symbol used is regarded as an operator (meaning that the assignment statement as a whole returns a value). Other languages define assignment as a statement (meaning that it cannot be used in an expression). Assignments typically allow a variable to hold different values at different times during its life-span and scope. However, some languages (primarily strictly functional languages) do not allow that kind of “destructive” reassignment, as it might imply changes of non-local state.

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1 QUESTION 1 Computer-programming. Computer-programming is definitely an science and art, of giving a mechanism or computer, the directions or instructions to follow along with to resolve an issue or accomplish an activity. QUESTION 2 Variations BETWEEN EVENT-DRIVEN AND OBJECT-ORIENTED AND PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES. To say the least, in the event-Driven the flow of Control is dependent upon occasions triggered through the user, (click of the mouse), although Object-Oriented Programming necessitates the programmer to pay attention to the objects the program may use to complete its goal. Finally, in Procedural Oriented Programming, the programmer only focuses on the main tasks the program must perform step-by-step. The flow of control for that program is dependent upon occasions mostly triggered by users. That’s, execution is decided for instance with a user action for example click, keypress, or perhaps a message in the Operating-system (OS) or any other user. Visual Basics and Visual C++ are specifically made to facilitate event-driven programming and supply a built-in development atmosphere (IDE) that partly automates producing code.

Encyclopedia article about Assignment (computer science) by The Free Dictionary.

assignment statement – assignment statement(ə′sīn·mənt ‚stāt·mənt) (computer science) A statement in a computer program that assigns a value to a variable. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. assignment statementIn programming, a compiler directive that places a value into a variable. For example, counter=0 creates a variable named counter and fills it with zeros. The VARIABLE=VALUE syntax is common among programming languages. Copyright © 1981-2019 by The Computer Language Company Inc. All Rights reserved. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction is strictly prohibited without permission from the publisher.

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Please remember that the person whose work is copied is also considered responsible for violating academic integrity principles. Take special care to protect your files, directories, and systems appropriately, and be sure to discard printouts so they cannot be retrieved by others (e. g., do not discard printouts in public recycling or garbage bins until after the assignment due date is passed).

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The “+=” and the “-=” functions add or subtract integers together before assigning them to the variable. Therefore, exampleVariableTwo += 5; is actually the same as the statement exampleVariableTwo = exampleVariableTwo + 5;. exampleVariableTwo increases by a value of 3 as a result of the program because it adds 5 and subtracts 2 before printing.

Video advice: My Computer Science Projects/Assignments – First Year (Python & Java)

I just finished my first year of computer science so I decided to show you all of my projects! See all of my first year computer science projects and assignments and hear me talk about their difficulty and purpose. I also step through some of the code.

What is an assignment in computer science example?

An assignment is a statement in computer programming that is used to set a value to a variable name . The operator used to do assignment is denoted with an equal sign (=). This operand works by assigning the value on the right-hand side of the operand to the operand on the left-hand side.

What does assignment mean in programming?

In order to change the data value stored in a variable , you use an operation called assignment. This causes the value to be copied into a memory location, overwriting what was in there before. Different values may be assigned to a variable at different times during the execution of a program.

What is assignment in Python?

An assignment statement evaluates the expression list (remember that this can be a single expression or a comma-separated list, the latter yielding a tuple) and assigns the single resulting object to each of the target lists, from left to right.

What is an assignment statement explain with an example?

An assignment statement gives a value to a variable . For example, x = 5; ... the variable may be a simple name, or an indexed location in an array, or a field (instance variable) of an object, or a static field of a class; and. the expression must result in a value that is compatible with the type of the variable .

What is an assignment in Java?

Assignment in Java is the process of giving a value to a primitive-type variable or giving an object reference to an object-type variable . The equals sign acts as assignment operator in Java, followed by the value to assign.

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Computer Science

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In addition to the flexibility which comes from the breadth of the computer science discipline, the computer scientist has a wide range of career options. Generally, careers that focus on the development of applications and specialized software for business and scientific areas require the Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts degree. With either degree, students are prepared for employment immediately after graduation. Students with an interest in the development of computer systems, including hardware and major software, will find that the Bachelor of Science degree provides a firm foundation for a career that may require a Master of Science degree and result in employment by a major computer manufacturer. A student hoping to perform advanced computing research or to be a university professor will find that the Ph.D. degree is essential.

The depth, breadth and flexibility of the computer science program includes the ability to apply classroom knowledge to real world projects as part of independent study, directed projects and regular classroom requirements. The following are a sampling of the recent projects students have been involved with

Video Game Creation

Students worked in groups for their final project to create a video game using Java Swing libraries. The project allowed them to apply their knowledge of data storage and organization to a real world software project, and produce readable documentation for a developer. Below are a couple of the projects: Snake, BlackJack and Pong:

Interactive Graphical User Interface

In a recent independent study, a senior computer science major developed an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) for molecular dynamics simulations. His GUI could visualize a molecule using three views while stepping through a simulation and checking results. The GUI was built with the TKInter libraries for Python, while the simulation was executed by the open source MDLab (mdlab.sourceforge.net) software.

Biology and the Game of Life

This course offered students a hands-on atmosphere for applied computing in the biological sciences and mathematics. By running simulations of biological cells using Conway’s Game of Life and the Cellular Potts Model (CPM), students study how the application of simple mathematical rules to behavioral entities result in patterns similar to those observed in nature. In the screenshots below, student projects captured foam bubble dispersion, cell sorting analogous to those in the eye, and the slime mould Dictyostelium Discoideum using CompuCell3D which runs the CPM:

Computer Architecture

Students explored the internal hardware of a computer and for their final project create a machine which can add two numbers using (shown below) breadboards, logic gates and LEDs. The LEDs illuminate to show the result of the addition.

Graphical User Interface Design

Students explored the various design issues which affect the appearance of a graphical user interface and provide the means by which a user may communicate with the underlying applications software, realizing that good design facilitates effective communication. Graphical user interface features such as mouse interaction, menus, dialog boxes, tool bars, error messaging and direct manipulation are evaluated and implemented.

In this particular assignment, students were asked to create simple word processing application in Java, using traditional GUI components, such as menus, dialog boxes, sliders, etc., from the Java Swing GUI widget toolkit.

Computer Graphics

Students were introduced to the theory and programming issues involved in rendering graphic images. Theory includes the physics of light and surfaces, surface illumination equations, and algorithms for rendering scenes using ray tracing. Visual surface algorithms, 3D viewing transformations and projections, anti-aliasing, 3D model transformation, illumination models, texture mapping, animation, and interactive graphic techniques are also presented.

In this assignment, students were asked to create an animation using a number of graphic objects, with one object demonstrating an attempt to model a real world object as accurately as possible. Object shape and surface properties, such as reflectance and texture, were chosen to realistically model the object. Another object had its surface appearance based at least partially upon the use of a two dimensional “texture” map. The project also demonstrates an object based animation as well as a camera based animation.

Evolutionary Computation

Students were encouraged to envision and implement projects in evolutionary computation that are of research level quality. Here is a sample student project, which after additional research and review led to a peer-reviewed publication at a major conference.

Project Title: Communication as a Model for Crossover in Genetic Algorithms

Abstract: We have created an evolutionary model of multiple ant colonies searching for a resource using swarm intelligence and a modified genetic algorithm. In place of the standard crossover we have employed a modified crossover which models communication; we call this a communicative GA (CGA). The communicative crossover operation sums up the moves of the most fit and least fit chromosome. The most frequent high move and low move are selected for altering. For each chromosome, the lowest move is changed into the highest fit chromosome’s most frequent allele. Statistics were recorded in each generation, including; max fitness, min fitness, the average fitness, the average number of generations it took to reach the resource, and the percent of variation of fitness. The statistics were compared to the same model implemented using a standard GA with a crossover.

Our model simulates N different ant colonies competing for one resource. We used N=4 colonies for our experiment. For illustrative purposes we have created a square shaped habitat. The ants’ path towards the resource originates from the colony and the ants may not go off the edge as seen in Figure 1. Six circular tiers were placed radiating outward from the resource representing some indicating factor from the resource. These tiers are used to calculate the fitness of each individual.

Creation of an Expert System

Students use an expert system shell to create expert systems in an area of their choice. Some of the most remarkable Expert Systems created include:

• Advising system for purchasing a boat
• What to do when a hurricane approaches
• Restaurant recommendation system
• Recommendation system for computer games
• Football head coach
• Academic Adviser
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Why pursue a bachelor’s or master’s degree in computer science.

With a bachelor’s degree in computer science or your master’s degree in computer science , you can expect to take courses in programming, security, computer systems, data visualization, and much more. While a bachelor’s degree can be a great entry point into the subject matter, a master’s degree will deepen your understanding while allowing you the space to specialize in a more niched area, like artificial intelligence (AI), full stack web development, or cloud computing.

What’s more, when you enroll in a computer science degree program at either the undergraduate or graduate level, you’ll get an opportunity to build and strengthen several key technical and workplace skills, such as programming, software development, problem-solving, critical thinking, and time management. Learn more about why computer science is considered a good major and what you can do with your degree after graduating.

In the U.S., the average starting salary for college graduates is around $59,000. However, according to the National Association of Colleges and Employers , computer science majors were projected to have the highest starting salaries for 2022, with an expected average over $75,000.

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Master's degrees, bachelor's degrees, postgraduate programs, what do computer science students have to say, find helpful articles related to computer science degrees, top 5 entry-level computer science jobs + how to get one (2024).

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Frequently asked questions

What is a bachelor’s degree in computer science.

A bachelor's degree in computer science is an undergraduate program that involves studying programming, computer and operating systems, databases and data structures, algorithms, and more. It’s an in-demand degree that emphasizes valuable skills such as analytical thinking and problem-solving, alongside a wealth of technical skills, all of which can lead to high-paying entry-level jobs . Learn more about whether computer science is a good major .

What is a master’s degree in computer science?

A master's degree in computer science is a graduate program focused on advanced concepts in computer science, such as software development, machine learning, data visualization, natural language processing, cybersecurity, and more. At this level, you’ll often choose a field to specialize in .

Computer science master’s programs build on your technical skill set while strengthening key skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and attention to detail. Learn more about whether a master’s in computer science is worth it and the types of salaries you may be able to command with the degree.

How do I choose the best computer science degree program for me?

On Coursera, you’ll find online computer science degrees at both the undergraduate and graduate level. To figure out which one might be best for you, it helps to first understand why you want to earn a degree and what you hope to get out of your education.

Beyond your larger goals, consider what you’ll learn and how you’ll learn it, as those factors can be important when it comes to determining the best program for you. Take time to review the various computer science degree options on Coursera, paying particular attention to the “Academics” and “Student experience” sections for more information.

What is the experience of earning an online computer science degree through Coursera like?

Earning your computer science degree from a leading university on Coursera means experiencing greater flexibility than in-person degree programs, so you can learn at your pace around your other responsibilities.

Once enrolled in your program, you may find a range of learning options, including live video lectures that encourage you to collaborate and self-paced courses that give you greater independence. Moreover, throughout your learning journey, you'll have access to a dedicated support team, course facilitators, and a network of peers to help you achieve your academic goals. Learn more about the benefits of learning online .

Will I earn a degree from an accredited university?

Yes, all online degree programs available on Coursera are directly conferred by accredited institutions. Accreditation is important because it shows that an institution meets rigorous academic standards, eases your ability to transfer credits, and helps employers validate the quality of education on your resume or application.

Is an online computer science degree worth it?

Yes, both a bachelor’s and a master’s in computer science can be worth it—depending on your goals and your resources. Both types of education tend to lead to higher salaries , in-demand careers , advanced knowledge and skill sets, and exciting networking opportunities, among other benefits.

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Title: coding historical causes of death data with large language models.

Abstract: This paper investigates the feasibility of using pre-trained generative Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the assignment of ICD-10 codes to historical causes of death. Due to the complex narratives often found in historical causes of death, this task has traditionally been manually performed by coding experts. We evaluate the ability of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Llama 2 LLMs to accurately assign ICD-10 codes on the HiCaD dataset that contains causes of death recorded in the civil death register entries of 19,361 individuals from Ipswich, Kilmarnock, and the Isle of Skye from the UK between 1861-1901. Our findings show that GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Llama 2 assign the correct code for 69%, 83%, and 40% of causes, respectively. However, we achieve a maximum accuracy of 89% by standard machine learning techniques. All LLMs performed better for causes of death that contained terms still in use today, compared to archaic terms. Also they perform better for short causes (1-2 words) compared to longer causes. LLMs therefore do not currently perform well enough for historical ICD-10 code assignment tasks. We suggest further fine-tuning or alternative frameworks to achieve adequate performance.

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