what is graduate coursework

Graduate Certificate vs. Master’s Degree: What’s the Difference?

Learn the similarities and differences between these two postgraduate academic credentials.

Mary Sharp Emerson

Adding a postgraduate credential like a master’s degree or a graduate certificate to your resume can be a great way to advance your career. It might even be a stepping stone on the pathway to an exciting career change. 

Knowing which credential to choose, however, can be challenging.

A master’s degree and a graduate certificate can both be valuable. They have many similarities. But they are not interchangeable. 

Understanding the differences between them before you go back to school can help ensure that you choose the right one.

What is a Master’s Degree?

A master’s degree is an academic postgraduate credential designed to help you build broad, foundational expertise in a specific field or discipline. Completing a master’s usually (although not always) requires several years of coursework and a thesis or capstone project.

Master’s degrees are offered by a university or other accredited academic institution. To earn your master’s degree, you’ll have to successfully complete a set number of credit hours. 

Most master’s degree programs require 10-12 courses. To earn many of the master’s degrees at Harvard Extension School, for example, you’ll have to earn a B or higher in 12 courses (48 credits). However, each master’s degree program will define its requirements slightly differently. 

Depending on the specific program, you will likely have to complete several required courses. You’ll also have the option to tailor your program by choosing electives in areas of special interest to you.

You may also be required to complete a research or capstone project or a thesis. This project will allow you to customize your program even more, as well as further demonstrate expertise in a specialized area. 

Some master’s degree programs require a full-time, on-campus commitment. Many master’s degree programs today, however, can be completed part time (often partially or fully online). Although this takes longer than attending full time, you can continue to work while earning your degree.

Here are a few things to consider when choosing a master’s degree program .

Explore master’s degree programs at Harvard Extension School.

What is a Graduate Certificate?

Similar to a master’s degree, a graduate certificate is a credit-based academic credential offered by a university. However, a graduate certificate is more narrowly focused on a specialized field than a master’s degree.

Graduate certificates are a significantly smaller investment in time and money than a master’s. They usually require completion of between three and five graduate-level courses. Most graduate certificates at Harvard Extension require four courses, for example.

You can earn a graduate certificate as a stand-alone credential. Although a graduate certificate is not an academic degree, you may be able to stack your certificate coursework toward a master’s degree.

You can find graduate certificates in a wide range of fields. Technical certificate topics include cybersecurity and data science , for instance. 

If you’re in management, you may want to supplement your corporate knowledge with a certificate in nonprofit or strategic management . Or you may want to improve your leadership skills with a graduate certificate in social justice or equity, diversity, inclusion, and belonging . 

Most graduate certificates can be completed part time. Many offer a variety of class formats, including asynchronous or synchronous online courses and in-person courses. 

Explore Graduate Certificates at Harvard Extension School.

How is a graduate certificate different from a professional certification?

A graduate certificate is not the same as a professional or industry certification.

A professional certification is a nonacademic credential awarded by a professional or industry organization. Earning a professional certification usually requires passing a test or exam demonstrating knowledge of a set of skills or a specific tool. You may need to take a class or complete coursework to pass the exam. 

For example, to earn a Project Management Graduate Certificate at Harvard Extension School, you have to earn at least a B in four graduate-level courses in management, leadership, and strategy. To earn a Project Management Professional Certification , offered by the PMI Institute, you have to meet the PMI Institute qualification requirements and pass the PMP exam. 

Graduate Certificate vs. Master’s: What Are the Key Differences?

Understanding the key differences between a graduate certificate and a master’s degree is the first step in choosing between these two credentials. 

Here are some points of comparison that may help guide your decision-making process:

• Required number of courses: Graduate certificates usually require significantly fewer courses than a master’s degree. At Harvard Extension School, for instance, most graduate certificates require four courses. Most master’s programs require 10 to 12 courses. 
• Degree of specialization : A master’s degree is designed to give you broad and deep knowledge in a field. A graduate certificate is more narrowly focused; you can build specialized skills in an area. For example, you could earn a master’s degree in sustainability and a graduate certificate in sustainable food systems. 
• Level of commitment : Graduate certificates are designed with the working professional in mind. Most certificates can be completed online, with flexible live or on-demand class offerings. Master’s degree programs vary significantly in their flexibility and the extent to which they tailor to working professionals. Some master’s degrees, for example, may be fully in person or may require that a percentage of your classes be taken on campus.
• Cost and financial aid : Graduate certificates cost less to complete than master’s degree programs because you are required to complete fewer credits. However, once you are enrolled in a master’s degree program, you may be eligible for federal and state student loans and grants. Students working toward a certificate are not eligible for student loans, although private loans and employer tuition assistance may still be an option. 
• Admissions process : Starting a certificate may have fewer admissions requirements than enrolling in a master’s degree program. You may be able to complete a certificate simply by taking (and passing) the appropriate classes. The admissions process for a master’s degree program varies greatly. Some master’s degree programs, for example, require a formal application process. To begin the admissions process at Harvard Extension School, on the other hand, you first successfully complete a set number of courses in the master’s degree course of study. 

Graduate Certificate vs. Master’s: Which is Best for Me?

When it comes to choosing a graduate certificate or master’s degree, there’s no right or wrong choice. 

Both credentials—when earned from a reputable, accredited university—demonstrate advanced skills and knowledge in your field. And they also demonstrate your ability and commitment to lifelong learning, a trait highly valued by many employers.

Your choice will depend on the skills you hope to gain, your unique career goals, and the level of commitment—both in time and in money—you can make to a graduate program.

Benefits of a Graduate Certificate

A graduate certificate may be most valuable for individuals who want to fill a gap in your skillset or deepen your understanding of a topic area that relates to your work. A graduate certificate might also be best for you if you find yourself unable to commit to the time or cost that it would take to complete a master’s program. Graduate certificates are a great option for students seeking to continue their education while working full time.

Benefits of a Master’s Degree

A master’s degree demonstrates a broader, more advanced breadth of knowledge across a particular field. The knowledge and skills you gain from a master’s program may be transferable across multiple career paths. While it may take longer and cost more to earn your master’s degree, the long-term benefits should make the hard work and commitment worth it.

Stacking Your Credentials

In some cases, you may find you don’t have to choose. At Harvard Extension School, for instance, the courses you take to earn a certificate may also apply to a master’s degree program. Many graduate students complete one or more graduate certificates while completing a master’s degree.

Going back to school is a big decision — one that can have a critical impact on your career. The good news is that there are many options and opportunities for continuing your education. Whether you choose a graduate certificate or a master’s, both can be an excellent investment in your future.

Ready to get started? Find the program that’s right for you.

Browse all graduate programs at Harvard Extension School.

About the Author

Digital Content Producer

Emerson is a Digital Content Producer at Harvard DCE. She is a graduate of Brandeis University and Yale University and started her career as an international affairs analyst. She is an avid triathlete and has completed three Ironman triathlons, as well as the Boston Marathon.

Corporate Finance Career Path: How to Keep Your Growth on Track

Interested in a career in corporate finance? Here’s what you need to know to get started.

Harvard Division of Continuing Education

The Division of Continuing Education (DCE) at Harvard University is dedicated to bringing rigorous academics and innovative teaching capabilities to those seeking to improve their lives through education. We make Harvard education accessible to lifelong learners from high school to retirement.

What is the difference between a postgraduate taught master’s and a postgraduate research master’s?

Pgce, mres, ma, msc or phd if you’re considering postgraduate study, use this guide to learn the difference between the kinds of postgraduate degrees on offer.

Richard Carruthers

Postgraduate courses come in many formats, ranging from vocational diplomas and certificates through to master’s and doctoral qualifications.

The two most common categories of postgraduate study are postgraduate taught (PGT) courses and postgraduate research (PGR) courses.

As you shop around potential postgraduate courses, you may also come across the PGCE, the LLM, the MRes, the MPhil and the PhD.

But what is the difference between all these acronyms?

Below is a guide explaining the differences between all the postgraduate degrees on offer, including how the application process varies between them.

Postgraduate taught (PGT) courses

Postgraduate taught courses are sometimes called level 7 qualifications and are one of the most common kinds of master’s degrees. When people refer to master’s courses, they usually mean a postgraduate taught course.

These courses are typically one year in duration if studied full-time, or two years if studying part-time.

The course will usually comprise several months of taught classes, much like undergraduate study, followed by an intensive independent research project for the final few months.

These courses have highly specialised content, making them great launchpads for careers where specialist knowledge is required. They are also often used as a stepping stone to more advanced research degrees.

What’s the difference between an MSc and an MA?

Postgraduate taught courses will usually lead to either an MSc or an MA qualification, depending on the subject you choose.

An MSc stands for a “master of science” and will focus on advancing a particular aspect of scientific research across the sciences, engineering, mathematics or a similar field that involves logic, scientific research or numbers.

An MA refers to a “master of arts”, and covers postgraduate taught degrees in the arts and humanities, such as literature, languages, history, cultural studies and some social sciences.

Applying for a postgraduate taught course

To apply for a postgraduate taught course, you will normally be asked to provide transcripts showing your academic performance on your undergraduate degree, a personal statement and a CV.

Your CV should focus on your educational achievements and interests and discuss any project work that shows you have the technical and academic skills needed to be a successful and independent postgraduate student.

Your personal statement can be tackled in a similar way to a cover letter, where you introduce yourself and convey your interest, enthusiasm and motivation to study the subject. It is also advisable to tailor your statement to each course you apply for and to explain your interest in some of the modules offered by that specific course.

It can also be beneficial to demonstrate some thought around where the course will lead you in the future, whether that’s into a new career or towards further study.

With postgraduate taught courses, you often won’t have to submit a research proposal for your research project as part of your application, as the taught elements of the course are meant to help inform your research proposal.

However, some postgraduate master’s courses may ask for you to submit a research proposal or at least have an idea of the topic you want to do your master’s dissertation on, even if this changes later.

Applying to master’s courses is generally done through a decentralised system, meaning you apply individually to each course and university. Each institution will set different entrance and application requirements. Check the exact requirements your course is looking for, and get in touch with the institution’s postgraduate admissions office with any questions.

What are MRes and MPhil degrees?

The MPhil stands for “master of philosophy”. The MRes course option, which is relatively new but has grown in popularity in recent years, stands for a “master of research”.

Much like postgraduate taught courses, both the MPhil and the MRes are technically classified as level 7 qualifications, and typically take one year to complete.

The main difference between an MRes or MPhil and a postgraduate taught course is that MRes and MPhil courses place much more focus on individual research, with as much as 60 per cent to 100 per cent of either degree consisting of a personal research project.

Given the heavy research focus, MRes and MPhil courses tend to contain fewer taught classes, but you will usually receive training in research techniques. As a result of the research focus, an MRes or an MPhil may help prepare a student for a doctoral programme (PGR) or a career that requires specific research skills and techniques.

Applying for an MRes or MPhil course is very similar to applying for a postgraduate taught course, but you may be asked to submit a research proposal as part of your application, so it’s important to have an idea of the kind of research project you would like to pursue.

Doctorate courses

Postgraduate research (PGR) courses are sometimes called level 8 qualifications and usually refer to doctorate courses.

These courses take about three to four years of full-time study to complete, but the exact duration of a doctorate course depends on whether you get involved in teaching, how long your research takes to complete and how long it takes you to write your doctorate thesis.

Successful PhD candidates are awarded doctoral qualifications such as doctor of philosophy (PhD) or doctor of engineering (EngD), depending on their field of research.

Research is the core component of a PhD programme, and you will be expected to produce original work on a specific subject topic, usually in the form of a thesis.

Doctorate qualifications are often a prerequisite for a career as a university academic, researcher or scientist in industry.

Applying for a doctorate (PhD) programme

To apply for a doctorate degree, you’ll need to submit a personal statement and a CV, both providing evidence of your academic experiences and passion for the subject.

Some PhD programmes will expect you to have already completed a postgraduate taught programme, but this isn’t always essential.

For a PhD, you may also be asked to submit a detailed research proposal outlining a specific research question you would like to address, the subject area you will work in, and the approach you would take to solving this.

Your proposal should demonstrate your current knowledge and discuss how your research idea could develop or challenge existing knowledge. You should also mention the potential significance of your research and why it would be a useful contribution to your chosen field.

Usually, you will be expected to apply individually to each PhD programme you’re interested in. Places will usually be dependent on your academic achievements, but also on the funding available in your chosen university department and whether the university can provide an appropriate supervisor.

If you’re considering applying for a PhD, it may be worth contacting academics individually to discuss whether they’d be interested in supervising you and asking about any funding opportunities.

Other postgraduate courses

Aside from the categories discussed above, there are many other classifications of master’s degrees, including postgraduate diplomas and certificates.

Often these lead to a vocational qualification that is used to gain entry to a specific profession.

Examples include the postgraduate certificate of education (PGCE), which leads to a career in teaching, the graduate diploma in law (GDL) or master of law (LLM), which opens the door to the legal professions, or the master of business administration (MBA), which is a common choice for business professionals looking to gain entry to C-suite positions.

You may also like

.css-185owts{overflow:hidden;max-height:54px;text-indent:0px;} Is it possible to do a three-year PhD as an international student?

Samiul Hossain

What is a PhD? Advice for PhD students

How do I choose a master's?

Charlie Pullen

Register free and enjoy extra benefits

• Majors & Careers
• Online Grad School
• Preparing For Grad School
• Student Life

What is Graduate School? The Ultimate Guide

Everyone seems to be going to grad school these days. In today’s hyper-competitive job market, an undergraduate degree is often no longer enough, and you’ll need an advanced degree to pursue the career of your dreams.

So what is graduate school exactly? And what do you need to know before choosing a grad course and putting in your application?

Table of Contents

What is Graduate School?

Graduate programs are offered as advanced courses at many universities, as well as dedicated graduate colleges. Before we dive deeper into what is graduate school, let’s first be clear on what a graduate program is.  

W hat is a Graduate Program?

In simple terms, a grad program offers a focused, advanced level of study in a specific professional or academic discipline.

You’ll need to fulfill certain requirements to successfully apply for a graduate program. In most cases , you’ll need to first complete a bachelor’s degree before you can go to grad school. 

Some grad courses have a specific degree as a prerequisite. For example, for a doctorate, you’ll generally need to first complete a master’s degree in that discipline.

Different Graduate Programs

The term “graduate school” can cover different types of courses and a wide array of subjects. 

The main types of graduate programs are:

• Doctorates (also known as PhDs or doctoral degrees) – This is the most advanced type of degree possible and can be undertaken in any academic discipline.
• Master’s degrees – An advanced degree usually lasting two years, which is either designed to lead to a doctorate or as a terminal degree for a particular profession. As with a PhD, a masters can also be in a range of academic disciplines, including a Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Science (M.S.), and Master of Business Administration (MBA), among many others.
• Professional degrees – These give you the specialist knowledge and skills you need to become a professional in a particular field, such as law or medicine .

How Long is Graduate School?

Graduate degrees vary in length depending on the course, but doctorates are by far the longest. Completing a PhD usually takes between five and seven years, and can take up to eight years. According to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics , the median time that students took to finish a doctorate was 5.8 years in 2019.

On the other hand:

• Most law school programs last for three years, with some accelerated two-year courses.
• Business school generally lasts two years, with some one-year accelerated programs available.
• Medical school, dental school, and pharmacy school all take four years, not including residency which doctors must complete after graduation.

How Much Does Grad School Cost?

The cost of grad school can vary widely depending on what course you choose, and whether you choose a public or private institution. According to moneyunder30 , the average tuition for a master’s degree is around $30,000 a year at a public university and $40,000 a year at a private institution. Some courses can be significantly more expensive, though you can apply for grants or financial aid to make the fees more affordable.

Is Grad School Right for Me?

The truth is that grad school simply isn’t for everyone. Although there are many advantages of grad school, it does involve a significant investment of both time and money. It’s important to carefully consider the below factors before deciding to sign up for a graduate program.

Benefits of Going to Grad School

So you have an idea of what graduate school is, but why would you want to go to grad school?

Many people choose a graduate program because the qualification is essential for their career. For example, if you want to become a doctor or a lawyer, you’ll need to go to grad school. Similarly, if you’re interested in becoming an academic, you’re unlikely to be successful if you don’t have a PhD.

Besides advancing your career, attending graduate school has a number of other benefits:

• It allows you to develop high-level research, analytical, and critical thinking skills.
• It gives you excellent networking opportunities that will help you to advance your career.
• Even if not strictly necessary for your chosen career, a graduate degree may give you better opportunities for advancement and higher salaries.
• You’ll be able to pursue your passion about a particular subject.
• There are many part-time and online grad courses that you can balance with your work commitments, and your employer may sponsor you to gain a relevant qualification.

What’s the difference between grad school and college?

Besides the type of degree that you’ll study at graduate school, there are some other key differences between grad school and college.

The meaning of grad school is that the students are typically already graduates – most graduate programs have a bachelor’s degree as a prerequisite. This has certain implications. Firstly, your professors will expect you to meet higher academic standards than they did during your undergraduate degree. Grad school is not just about learning facts and repeating them in exams or papers. Instead, you will be expected to do your own research and come up with your own ideas and theories.

Graduate studies are also more focused. As part of a bachelor’s course, you usually take classes in a range of disciplines to gain entry-level knowledge on many subjects. Grad school is the time to concentrate on one particular topic and dig into it to a much deeper level. This means that you should already be pretty sure of the career you want to pursue, while college allows you to try different things out and explore different study and career options. On the other hand, at grad school you will become an expert in your field of choice.

Finally, graduate schools are typically smaller and more selective than undergraduate colleges. On the upside, you will be part of a smaller, higher-quality cohort of students. This allows for more student interaction, as well as closer attention from your professionals and tutors. However, this also makes grad school generally more difficult to get into compared to college.

What’s the difference between graduate school and professional school?

Graduate courses can be broken down into two main classifications – academic and professional. 

Broadly speaking, for an academic graduate program you will need to create an original and in-depth piece of research. 

On the other hand, professional courses are all about learning the specific skills and knowledge you’ll need for a certain profession. These programs often include work experience such as internships or placements. Some graduate programs are a combination of academic and professional approaches.

Academic disciplines include:

• Sciences, such as chemistry, physics, and biology
• Social sciences, such as psychology , sociology, and anthropology
• The humanities, such as history , art, and languages

Professional disciplines include:

Essentially, a professional school is a type of grad school. However, some people make the distinction between the two, classifying only advanced academic studies as graduate school, and the rest as professional school. It’s really only a question of terminology – both are advanced courses which share a number of characteristics and advantages!

How to Prepare for Graduate School

Once you’ve decided that grad school is the way you want to go, you’ll need to choose where you want to study. More importantly, you’ll need to put in an application and have it accepted!

How to Choose the Right Graduate School for You

There is a huge range of different graduate courses and programs available, so how do you choose the right one for you? These questions should help you to narrow down your search and find a grad school that will give you the skills, knowledge, and qualifications you need to build your dream career.

What is the school’s reputation?

Choosing a grad school with a strong reputation is critically important. Not only does a good reputation reflect a high standard of teaching and facilities, but your qualification will be highly regarded by future employers. Before deciding on a grad school, be sure to do some research into their reputation.

Public versus private school

Public graduate schools receive public funding so are generally much cheaper than private schools, which rely on tuition fees to run. However, this is not a hard and fast rule – some private schools can be cheaper than certain public schools.

How big is the school?

Private schools typically have smaller class sizes, meaning you’ll get more attention for your professors and build relationships with other students. On the other hand, larger schools can offer better networking opportunities.

Do you want an academic or professional grad course?

Whether you choose a professional or academic graduate course will depend largely on the future career you want. However, you should also consider the way these courses are run. Academic graduate courses usually involve a high degree of research, and often you’ll need to create an in-depth dissertation.

On the other hand, professional grad courses focus more on skill building and typically include a work experience component. Think about which style of learning you prefer, and which is more likely to make you successful.

How to Apply for Grad School

Graduate programs are smaller and more selective than their undergraduate counterparts, and therefore look for a higher level of applicant. Of course, applying for an undergraduate course at Harvard or Stanford will be tougher than some grad schools. However, generally speaking you will have to work harder on your grad school application than did for your undergraduate course.

Applying for grad school usually requires:

• A competitive admissions test or entry exam
• A strong academic record demonstrated through excellent academic transcripts
• Recommendations from academic or professional referees
• Writing a statement of purpose showing why you want to take the course
• An application fee (in addition to the course fees)

The exact requirements will depend on the course and the institution you choose. Some grad schools will also ask for a sample of your academic writing, an example of project work, your portfolio, or your resume/CV. Be sure to check these with the grad school you want to apply to, and give yourself plenty of time to get your application together ahead of the deadline!

In fact, you should give yourself at least one academic year to research graduate courses and pull together everything you’ll need for your application. So if you want to go straight from college to grad school, it’s a good idea to start this process at the end of your junior year.

Final Thoughts

We hope you now have all the answers to the question: “what is graduate school?” and how to make the best decisions to set yourself up for a brighter future. 

Although going to grad school is not for everyone, it can provide you with invaluable skills, in-depth knowledge, and qualifications — and lets you pursue your dream career!

If you’re interested in learning more, check out our top tips for getting into Ivy League grad school and our guide on how many grad schools you should apply to .

The GradCafe Editor

• The GradCafe Editor https://blog.thegradcafe.com/author/admin/ Cracking the Code: Expert Digital Interviewing Tips
• The GradCafe Editor https://blog.thegradcafe.com/author/admin/ TheGradCafe and Jobbio join forces to connect top talent with great companies
• The GradCafe Editor https://blog.thegradcafe.com/author/admin/ How To Get Into Harvard Medical School
• The GradCafe Editor https://blog.thegradcafe.com/author/admin/ How To Get Into Yale: The Ultimate Guide

How to Get Into Stanford: The Ultimate Guide

When to apply for grad school: easy monthly timeline [2024-2025], related posts.

• Breaking Records: Yale Sees Most Selective Grad Admissions Season Yet

• 12 Best Laptops for Computer Science Students

• Is a Master’s Degree Worth It? [2024 Guide]

Graduate Certificate vs Degree: What’s the Difference? [2024 Guide]

ACBSP Vs AACSB: Which Business Program Accreditations is Better?

What is a Good GRE Score?

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Recent Posts

• Grad Trends: Interest in Artificial Intelligence Surges
• Applying to Big Tech This Year? Here’s How to Ace It.

© 2023 TheGradCafe.com All rights reserved

• Partner With Us
• Results Search
• Submit Your Results
• Write For Us

What is a Graduate Degree?

For those considering graduate school , it’s important to take the time to understand what an advanced degree program entails. Read on to learn about the different types of graduate programs, the time commitment, cost, and enrollment conditions required, and what students should expect at this level of advanced study.

An undergraduate degree —either a bachelor’s or associate degree—is considered a baseline educational requirement in many professions. As such, the pursuit of this degree has become commonplace among high school graduates. As of 2018, 69 percent of students chose to complete their undergraduate degree immediately after earning their high school diploma.

A graduate degree —including master’s degrees , doctorates , and PhDs —provides an advanced understanding of a specific topic or field, and demonstrates a commitment to lifelong learning that many employers value. Those who choose to enroll in graduate school often do so with a series of focused, career-oriented goals in mind, which sets the stage for a substantially different type of learning environment than one might experience during an undergraduate career.

Interested in earning an advanced degree?

Explore Northeastern’s 200+ programs to find the one that will best help you achieve your goals.

FIND YOUR PROGRAM

Types of Graduate Degrees

Students embarking on graduate school should begin by determining if an academic or professional degree is right for them.

Students who desire a career in a specific field (such as law, pharmaceuticals, medicine, or education) may opt to pursue a professional degree . These programs emphasize hands-on learning and often require students to obtain substantial real-world experience prior to graduation.

Academic (or research) degrees align with a single, specific area of study or field. Students in pursuit of these degrees are required to develop an in-depth understanding of their subject area and complete a thesis or capstone project to demonstrate their knowledge.

Learn More: Professional Degree Vs. Academic Degree: What’s the Difference?  

Master’s Degree

Although master’s degrees  may be the most common form of graduate study, there are various professional and academic graduate-level degrees that students should consider. Some of the most common include:

• Master of Arts Degree (MA): An MA is a type of academic master’s degree that correlates most directly with humanities-based subject areas such as communications, teaching, languages, and more. Classes in these programs are primarily discussion-based and might require fieldwork, a thesis, or a capstone project prior to graduation. Some common MA programs include Homeland Security , English , and Elementary Education .
• Master of Science Degree (MS) : An MS is another type of academic master’s degree which typically correlates with advanced study in fields that relate to science and mathematics. Courses in these programs often require extensive lab work or research and culminate with thesis or capstone projects, as well. Some common MS programs include Cybersecurity , Corporate & Organizational Communication , Leadership , and Project Management . 
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA): An MFA is a professional degree for artists in fields such as graphic design, music, theater, film, and more. Alongside a practical and abstract exploration of their art, graduates of these programs often receive the credentials necessary to teach at the undergraduate level. Some common MFA programs include Information Design & Visualization , Creative Writing, and Acting.
• Master of Professional Studies (MPS) : An MPS is an interdisciplinary degree focused on a single area of professional study. Unlike MA or MS degrees, these programs are typically more hands-on in nature and require an internship, work-study, or co-op experience prior to graduation. Some common MPS programs include Analytics , Informatics , and Digital Media .

Professional Doctorate

A professional doctorate is focused on the advanced practice of knowledge and skills, making it a degree for those who are more professionally oriented. While these programs also help to develop research skills, the main focus is to apply knowledge to industry to solve new and emerging problems.

• Juris Doctor (JD): This degree provides students with the practical skills and expansive knowledge needed to practice law in America. While JD programs share some commonalities with other graduate-level law degrees, such as a Master of Legal Studies or a Master of Laws , there are key differences between the three.
• Doctor of Education (EdD): This is another professional doctorate degree not to be confused with a PhD in Education . This type of program is for educators and professionals who want to direct and implement change within their organizations. These degrees are designed to prepare students to become leaders in their communities.
• Doctor of Medicine (MD): Students hoping to pursue a career in medicine or surgery pursue this professional doctorate degree.
• Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) : Individuals pursuing a career in the pharmaceutical industry must obtain a PharmD. These programs include components of research, teaching, and clinical practice.

Learn More: Why Earn a Professional Doctoral Degree?

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A PhD is a postgraduate doctoral degree based on extensive research in a given field. Students can earn a PhD in areas such as technology, humanities, social sciences, and more. Individuals who complete their PhDs often pursue a career in academia, though some may continue on to complete similar research for the remainder of their career. Some common PhD programs include Counseling Psychology , Bioengineering , and Pharmacology . PhDs are not to be confused with professional/clinical doctorates , which are designed to provide students with the practical skills needed to excel in their career. 

How Long Does it Take to Earn a Graduate Degree

The timeline for completion of a graduate degree will vary depending on three factors:

• The type of degree you pursue.
• Your desired subject area.
• The specific institution at which you are studying. 

On average, however, those enrolled in a master’s program full-time will likely complete their degree within one-and-a-half to three years. Individuals who pursue their master’s degree part-time might take longer than three years to complete it, depending on how many credits they enroll in each semester.

Most PhD and professional doctoral candidates will finish their degrees in five to six years, though the time commitment may vary depending on the subject area. Some more intensive degree programs, like an MD, can take up to eight years to complete.

Learn More: How Long Does It Take to Earn a Master’s Degree?

Graduate Degree Requirements

Requirements for different graduate programs vary greatly depending on the subject, institution, and whether or not it is a culminating degree. The most common requirement, however, is an undergraduate degree, as this acts as a base for advanced learning.

Other application requirements for specific graduate programs might include:

• A statement of purpose
• Your educational transcripts
• A portfolio of your work
• Professional/academic recommendations
• Any additional written assignments

You may also need to take and submit your scores for a subject-specific exam (e.g. LSAT, MCAT, etc.) or for the general Graduate Record Examination (GRE) , which is a requirement for many graduate programs globally.

The Cost of A Graduate Degree

The cost of a graduate degree will also vary greatly depending on what program and what institution you are considering. Yet, many people make incorrect assumptions about the price of graduate school based on their knowledge of undergraduate costs.

“Many of us have in our heads the sticker price of $30,000 to $40,000 per year for undergraduate education,” Sean Gallagher , executive director of the Center for the Future of Higher Education and Talent Strategy at Northeastern told U.S. News & Report in 2017. “So we say, ‘OK, it’s two years for a graduate degree, so it’s going to cost me $70,000 to $80,000 or more.’ And while there are certainly programs at that price point, there are many programs where you can get the entire graduate degree for between $20,000 and $40,000.”

No matter the program, graduate school will be both an educational and financial investment in your career. As such, institutions like Northeastern have adopted a variety of financial aid options for students to help hedge the cost of graduate studies. Students can utilize scholarships, grants, and even tuition reimbursement programs through their employers to help pay for their advanced education.

Learn More: Paying for Grad School: Where and How to Start

5 Characteristics of a Strong Graduate Program

#1) flexible learning options.

In most universities, graduate programs are designed to accommodate the needs of working professionals and are thus offered in a variety of exceedingly flexible formats.

Firstly, students at the graduate level can choose to enroll in either a part-time or full-time capacity. A part-time graduate program offers working professionals the opportunity to take on only as many classes as they can handle per semester, and work toward finishing their degree at their own speed. Full-time students, on the other hand, must be enrolled in a specific number of credit hours per semester as determined by the university, and will work toward completing their program in a linear manner. At Northeastern, for example, full-time students must be enrolled in nine quarter hours of graduate credits per semester.

Universities like Northeastern also offer a variety of graduate programs in online , on-ground, and hybrid formats to best fit the needs of any given students. Taking online or hybrid courses is an effective way for students who are already working in their field to balance their coursework with their other professional commitments, as well.

For those who aren’t ready to commit to an entire graduate program, some universities also offer graduate certificates in many in-demand areas of study. Certificate programs provide either a condensed understanding of basic advanced principles as they relate to an area of study, or a very niche look at a specific aspect of the subject. Though the amount of knowledge attained in a certificate program is vastly less than that of a full graduate degree, some prefer this condensed format of study for its reduced cost and shorter time commitment.

#2) A Focused Curriculum 

By the time a student reaches graduate school, they are likely no longer in the exploring phase of their education. Instead, these students have often experienced life as a working professional, determined which area of study best aligns with their passions, and have made the educated decision to become an expert on that topic through the pursuit of a graduate degree.

For this reason, many graduate programs offer students a far more unified educational experience than at the undergraduate level. Often, this will be reflected in a common curriculum that all students within a single program must follow. While they may still be able to pick the specific topics that most interest them off this predetermined list of classes, each course will relate back to their base area of study. This is done in an effort to give students a much more in-depth exploration of that specific topic rather than a surface-level understanding of many, unrelated ones.

Students in graduate school still have the opportunity to customize their education to best fit their needs, however. In fact, programs like those at Northeastern recognize that one of the most impactful offerings they can give their students is the chance to declare a concentration within their degree and tailor their studies in a way that aligns with their professional aspirations.

#3) Opportunities for Hands-On Learning

Northeastern University is known for its emphasis on experiential learning at all phases of a student’s educational journey, offering opportunities for real-world, hands-on learning through internships, work-study, co-ops, and more. There are also a variety of graduate-specific experiential learning opportunities for students, such as Northeastern’s Experiential Network (XN) initiative.

A Closer Look: Northeastern’s XN initiative offers students the opportunity to participate in six-week-long, virtual projects for active organizations within the university’s expansive network. These projects align with students’ academic work, allowing them to apply what they learn in the classroom to these real-world scenarios. Following the format of gig-economy work experiences, students spend 30-40 hours on each project and, in that time, practice making decisions and completing work that will have a genuine impact on these organizations’ success.

In general, graduate degrees tend to be research- or capstone-oriented in nature, meaning that, depending on a student’s area of study, they will be frequently honing their practical abilities alongside their theoretical skills. Graduate programs emphasize this type of learning in an effort to develop well-rounded professionals in each field. These hands-on learning opportunities also offer students unparalleled exposure to different facets of their industry—as well as different types of workplaces—which can then be used to help them make an educated employment decision after graduation.

#4) An Industry-Aligned Network

Students have a unique advantage when it comes to networking in grad school . Between the opportunities to make connections in the classroom, at university-hosted events, and even in the professional world through hands-on learning experiences, these students are in the ideal setting to build their network.

Connecting with Classmates

Your classmates in grad school will likely be equally as driven and passionate about the exact same area of study as you are. You will also have the opportunity to grow together throughout your time in the program, resulting in a slew of common experiences and relationships that will help to keep you connected with and looking out for one another throughout your career. Although they may start out as your classmates, these individuals have the potential to become powerful players in the professional industry post-graduation, as well.

Connecting with Professors

Smaller class sizes and a more collaborative learning environment allow students to develop more personal connections with their professors during grad school than in their undergraduate studies. These relationships can be some of the most important in regards to your career, as professors at top universities like Northeastern are industry leaders and have connections that can be used to make introductions or open doors to potential employment opportunities after graduation.

Connecting with Industry Professionals

Given the emphasis on hands-on learning in grad school, students have the chance to develop their professional networks in their region and with organizations that they may be able to work with post-graduation. Having these types of industry-aligned connections is vital in today’s competitive job market, especially since a connection that has worked with you first-hand in a professional environment can speak to your qualifications in a far more concrete and impactful way than those who are only able to speak to your abilities abstractly.

Students who take the time to develop their professional network while in graduate school — whether online or on-ground —have the potential to see the positive impact of those connections for the remainder of their professional career.

#5) Substantial Impact on Your Career 

Many students pursue graduate degrees to advance their careers. Whether that means getting a promotion, increasing their current salary, or even transitioning fields, these students are looking to make a positive change by showing employers the extent of their knowledge, network, and exposure to experiential learning.

While these goals are often achieved during the pursuit of a graduate degree, students’ careers can be impacted by graduate study in more ways than one. The overall career outlook for graduate degree holders, for instance, is incredibly positive compared to those with only a bachelor’s or associate degree.

For example, the current jobless rate for individuals with a master’s degree or higher is 12.5 percent lower than those who only hold a bachelor’s degree. Similarly, in regard to salary, those with a graduate degree earn 28 percent more than those with just an undergraduate degree on average. These individuals will also make over a million dollars more than those with just a high school diploma in their lifetime.

What’s more, graduates of advanced degree programs are some of the most in-demand within organizations today. When it comes to applying for a new role, 61 percent of employers are finding that the skills required for their open positions have evolved to require a higher education among applicants. By 2022, it is also expected that 18 percent of all jobs will require a graduate degree. Earning an advanced degree will help improve your skills and demonstrate your commitment to career development—two of the best ways to stand out in today’s competitive job market .

Explore Your Options at Northeastern

Ready to take the leap? Consider advancing your career with a graduate degree from Northeastern, a top-40 university . Evaluate the personal and professional benefits of a graduate degree, then explore Northeastern’s 200+ master’s , doctorate , and certificate programs to find the one that best aligns with your career goals.

Browse the Grad School Tips & Advice category of the Northeastern Graduate blog for more content like this from Northeastern University Graduate Programs .

Subscribe below to receive future content from the Graduate Programs Blog.

About shayna joubert, related articles.

Why Earn a Professional Doctoral Degree?

5 Tips to Get the Most out of Grad School

Is Earning a Graduate Certificate Worth It?

Did you know.

Advanced degree holders earn a salary an average 25% higher than bachelor's degree holders. (Economic Policy Institute, 2021)

Northeastern University Graduate Programs

Explore our 200+ industry-aligned graduate degree and certificate programs.

Most Popular:

Tips for taking online classes: 8 strategies for success, public health careers: what can you do with an mph, 7 international business careers that are in high demand, edd vs. phd in education: what’s the difference, 7 must-have skills for data analysts, in-demand biotechnology careers shaping our future, the benefits of online learning: 8 advantages of online degrees, how to write a statement of purpose for graduate school, the best of our graduate blog—right to your inbox.

Stay up to date on our latest posts and university events. Plus receive relevant career tips and grad school advice.

By providing us with your email, you agree to the terms of our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Keep Reading:

Should I Go To Grad School: 4 Questions to Consider

Grad School or Work? How to Balance Both

7 Networking Tips for Graduate Students 

What is Graduate School?

Scholars hear the term “graduate school” as a potential option after achieving their bachelor’s degree, but what type of degree is obtained in graduate school?

If you are a first-generation college student, graduate school may be an extremely elusive term. Here we breakdown the various meanings of the term “graduate school” so that scholars can know if graduate school is the right path for them.

What is the difference between undergraduate and graduate education?

Graduate schools, in contrast to undergraduate studies, have more rigorous coursework and higher expectations. Graduate students spend more time reading and conducting research than the average undergraduate student. Coursework is more specialized and specific in content. For example, in the field of history, an undergraduate takes a course in African history, whereas a graduate student enrolls in a course discussing the nineteenth century slave trade in Sub-saharan Africa. Expect smaller class sizes, more in class discussions and an emphasis on gaining work experience via internships, teaching or conducting research.

A graduate school is a division of the university that offers advanced programs of study beyond the bachelor’s degree. They focus on particular academic disciplines and require scholars to generate original research within their respective discipline.

What graduate degrees are available? 

Graduate degrees are available in almost all disciplines and subjects. Program requirements and length vary, but tend to fall one of these three categories- master’s degrees, specialist degrees and doctoral degrees. Click on the tabs below to learn about the 3 broad categories of graduate degrees.

Master’s Degree

Specialist degree, doctoral degree, professional school.

Typical master’s programs last 1-2 years.

All programs require participants to complete coursework. Some require participants to complete a thesis on an original research topic, in addition to coursework, to obtain the degree.

Master’s degrees can be terminal degrees for a profession, i.e. Master in Social Work (MSW) or deepen your knowledge about a specific subject to prepare you for a career or doctoral studies i.e. Master in History.

It prepares students for professional certification or licensing requirements (i.e. Ed.S. degrees).

They are earned in addition to a master’s degree and require additional coursework, training or work experience.

In graduate school it is the highest degree attainable. Students may enter doctoral programs directly after undergrad or after obtaining a master’s degree. It takes 5-7 years to complete– longer in the humanities than the sciences.

Program requirements include coursework and writing a dissertation. With the dissertation, doctoral students are required to create new knowledge via independent research. Students who obtain Ph.D.s often work in academia as professors. Timelines vary, but follow the general pattern below:

• Year 1-2  Doctoral students take specialized courses and may undergo lab rotations. During this time, students may serve as teaching or research assistants, in order to fund their education.
• Year 2-3  Doctoral students have settled who their mentor is and take qualification exams[1]. Some programs require continued coursework after exams.
• Year 3-4  Doctoral students submit and defend their proposals [2] in front of their committee. Once their proposal is approved doctoral students gain the title of doctoral candidates in their respective field. For example, a doctoral student in African history becomes a Doctoral Candidate in African History.
• Year 4-7  Doctoral students gather and analyze data to write a dissertation. During this time students may work as adjunct instructors at their original institution or elsewhere. Often students join writing workshops to gain constructive feedback on completed chapters. It is also common for doctoral students to transform chapters from their dissertation into published articles, in order to become strong job candidates. Completed dissertations are submitted and presented to a committee of professors, selected by the doctoral student, in a process known as the defense. If approved by the committee, doctoral students obtain their Ph.D., becoming Dr. XYZ.

[1] Qualification Exams have different components according to discipline and institution. They assess a doctoral student’s competency in research and general knowledge of existing canon in the field. Students who do not pass, may be asked to exit the program.

[2] Proposals are required for both dissertations and master’s thesis. Here students outline the questions and methods they intend to pose and use in order to produce new knowledge regarding an original research topic.

Professional School degree programs helps prepare students for a specific career. Programs are different from one another and require a different type of preparation than graduate school degrees (Master’s, Doctoral, and Specialist degrees). For UCF’s purpose, we decipher between Graduate School and Professional School, because there are two different offices that help with each. Academic Advancement Programs helps students prepare for graduate school, and Pre-Health and Pre-Law Advising helps prepare students for professional school.

The Pre-Health and Pre-Law Advising (PHPL Advising) office provides guidance and support to students interested in pursuing careers in the health and legal professions. Specifically, PHPL Advising provides information about the field of  law  and a wide variety of health-related fields such as  allopathic medicine (M.D.), osteopathic medicine (D.O.), dentistry, pharmacy, veterinary, optometry, podiatry, chiropractic, physician assistant, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and public health.

The PHPL advisors guide and support students through the multiple aspects of their preparation and application with the ultimate goal of helping them become a competitive professional school applicant.

Instructions for navigation

Prepare for graduate school now by marking this topic complete: click the “ Mark Complete ” button below in the bottom left hand corner to keep track of the topics you’ve completed. Then, click the “ Next Topic ” button below in the bottom right hand corner to move onto the next topic within the lesson.

• Search UNH.edu
• Search Continuing Education

Commonly Searched Items:

• Academic Programs
• Micro-Credentials
• Professional Development
• University Coursework
• Challenging Academically Talented Students (CATS) Program
• Learning Pathways
• Take a Course
• Lifelong Learning
• Faculty & Staff
• Find a Credential
• For Learners- How it works
• Glossary of Terms
• About CALLI
• UNH Employee Information

Graduate Coursework

Whether you’re looking to acquire new skills for your current role or to change paths, earning a graduate degree or certificate is an effective way to accelerate your career. With more than 130 programs at the master's, certificate and doctoral levels across three campuses and online, the UNH Graduate School leads the way in inspiring and preparing today's rising stars to become tomorrow's successful leaders.

Explore Graduate School Programs

UNH Continuing Education works with adults with a variety of educational needs:

• who desire to take a few courses for career development;
• who plan eventually to enter graduate or professional school;
• who seek courses to complete degree programs from other institutions;
• who wish to resume study towards a graduate degree;

Campus Directories & Resources

A-Z Campus Resources

Note: not all resources are available to non-degree students.

Campus Directories

Courseload Policy

Graduate courseload policy, fall and spring.

Individuals not enrolled in a degree program may register for a maximum of 8 credits. Registering for 9 or more credits requires special permission. Please note special permission is not required to exceed the 8 credit limit during the summer.

Full-Time Special Student Status - Graduate Coursework (9 or more credits)

Individuals who hold at least a baccalaureate degree and are not enrolled in a UNH degree program must receive permission from The Graduate School to register for 9 or more graduate level credits during the fall or spring. Students approved for this full-time special status must pay full graduate tuition and fees at the time of registration. Graduate students enrolling exclusively in undergraduate courses pay undergraduate tuition rates.

Summer Session

No credit limit and tuition is charged by the credit hour.

January Term

Due to the intensive format of January Term, ALL students are limited to registering for one* course and a maximum of 4 credits. *One Course Exception: Students may register for more than one course provided the courses DO NOT meet concurrently and the total credits DO NOT exceed the 4 credit maximum.

Eligibility Requirements

To take a course for credit (that is, for a grade) you do not need to apply for admission. UNH does require students registering for Graduate courses (numbered 800-999) to meet several eligibility requirements.

Eligibility requirements: graduate coursework

• A bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university
• Graduate coursework is advanced study and presumes completion of adequate preparation at the undergraduate level in the same or allied field in which the student wishes to pursue graduate coursework.
• Successful completion of all course prerequisites
• Not currently under disciplinary sanctions from UNH/UNH-M, another college or university, or court-ordered probation or other sanctions.

*The University reserves the right to restrict registration to those who cannot demonstrate the completion of the above requirements and to bar registration or withdraw a student who upon request fails to provide proper documentation or who demonstrates unacceptable performance once enrolled.

Financial Assistance

Various forms of financial assistance are available to non-degree students enrolled in credit courses.  Information about alternative loan options is available at the UNH Durham Financial Aid and UNH Manchester Financial Aid websites.

Important Dates & Deadlines

Complete dates and deadlines for add/drop, refunds, registration, withdrawal, and more can be found on the University Master Academic Calendar .

Policies- Academic, Student, FERPA, University

As a non-degree student, it is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with the rules and regulations that govern the university of new hampshire..

• Student Rights, Rules and Responsibilities (Includes policies related to student code of conduct, academic, drugs/alcohol, administrative and more.)
• Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
• USNH Policy Manual - UNH
• Non-degree students are not permitted to register for internships through UNH unless they are enrolled in a graduate certificate program.

Programs- Graduate

Degree-seeking students.

A number of Continuing Education students intend to complete their graduate degree at UNH. More information about programs and admission is available from the Graduate School.

Registration

Registrations are processed by the office of the registrar..

Business hours are Monday-Friday, 8:00 am - 4:30 pm, except holidays.

ID Cards: Students registered for coursework may request an ID card through the ID Office. Please email [email protected] , include your name, UNH ID number and indicate you are a non-degree student.

How to Register

Payment in full (tuition & fees) is due at the time of registration. Non-payment will result in being dropped from coursework.

Returning Non-Degree Students

MyUNH account holders register online. Login help: UNH IT Service Desk (603) 862-4242 or visit MyAccount

Step by Step:

1. Go to MyUNH, and login. 2. Select WEBCAT and login. 3. Select Registration. 4. Select Add/Drop Courses. 5. Select a Term from drop down and Submit. 6. Enter CRNs (the five digit course reference number) for the courses at the bottom of the page, or select Class Search to find classes which are open. 7. Select Submit Changes. 8. Select Complete when finished. 9. Submit payment as directed online. 10. For a printout of your schedule; choose Printable Schedule. Type in the date for the first full week of classes.

New Non-Degree Students

• Email : Please send a completed non-degree registration form to [email protected] . Forms will only be accepted if non-degree registration has started. Please see the Master Calendar for a comprehensive list of registration dates.
• In-Person : Office of the Registrar, Stoke Hall Room 180, 11 Garrison Avenue, Durham, NH 03824-3511

NH Senior Citizen Tuition Waiver - Registration

Please refer to the above "How to Register" section for registration instructions. Registration begins on the first day of non-degree registration each semester. Complete the following steps prior to registering:

• Provide a copy of NH State Driver’s License and a completed Waiver Agreement Form to Business Services .
• Check the course schedule for additional permissions required prior to registration. This information will be listed in the course description.
• Students interesting in auditing must complete an Audit Form (instructor signature required).

Additional Information

• Registration is on a space-available basis.
• Prospective students must be 65 years of age as of the first day of the course.
• Waivers will only be granted at the time of registration (not retroactively).
• Non-credit courses, workshops, etc. are not covered by the tuition waiver.

* Certain credit-bearing courses offered at UNH but administered by other institutions – such as Isles of Shoals and Library Science courses – are not covered by the tuition waiver

Tuition & Fees

Tuition and Fee rates are available on the Business Services website .

All non-degree students who register for credit courses are subject to mandatory registration, student services, technology and any special course fees.

NH senior citizen tuition waiver

New Hampshire residents who are age 65 or older and are not enrolled in a degree program are eligible to take a maximum of two credit-bearing courses* per fiscal year (Summer Session/Fall/January Term/Spring) tuition-free. Students are responsible for all other costs of attendance, including fees. See registration section for instructions about how to register.

Transcript Requests

Transcript requests are processed by the  Office of the Registrar.

Continuing Education

• Review Committee

• Sustainability
• Embrace New Hampshire
• University News
• The Future of UNH
• Campus Locations
• Calendars & Events
• Directories
• Facts & Figures
• Academic Advising
• Colleges & Schools
• Degrees & Programs
• Undeclared Students
• Course Search
• Academic Calendar
• Study Abroad
• Career Services
• How to Apply
• Visit Campus
• Undergraduate Admissions
• Costs & Financial Aid
• Net Price Calculator
• Graduate Admissions
• UNH Franklin Pierce School of Law
• Housing & Residential Life
• Clubs & Organizations
• New Student Programs
• Student Support
• Fitness & Recreation
• Student Union
• Health & Wellness
• Student Life Leadership
• Sport Clubs
• UNH Wildcats
• Intramural Sports
• Campus Recreation
• Centers & Institutes
• Undergraduate Research
• Research Office
• Graduate Research
• FindScholars@UNH
• Business Partnerships with UNH
• Professional Development & Continuing Education
• Research and Technology at UNH
• Request Information
• Current Students
• Alumni & Friends

• Current Students
• Give to UNE

Future Students

Scripting must be enabled to use this site., difference between postgraduate research and coursework, what is the difference between postgraduate coursework and postgraduate research programs.

There are a few key differences between postgraduate coursework and postgraduate research programs.

Postgraduate Coursework

Postgraduate coursework programs deliver content through a set unit program (similar to an undergraduate Bachelor degree), but at a more advanced level. Coursework will allow you to deepen your knowledge within a discipline, or to pursue a new or additional study area at an advanced level.

Postgraduate degrees which can be studied through coursework include Graduate Certificates , Graduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Postgraduate Research

Postgraduate research programs (also known as Higher Degree Research ) allow you to develop your knowledge and experience within your field by completing a major research project under the supervision of an academic .

Postgraduate research degrees which you can study include Masters by research or Doctorate ( PhD ) programs.

Additional Information

For a comprehensive list of courses available, please refer to the Prospective Student Catalogue , or for further information view our Postgraduate Study page.

For further information regarding postgraduate coursework programs, please contact the Future Students Team through the Contact Us tab, online Live Chat , phone to 1800 818 865, or via Facebook .

For further information regarding postgraduate research programs, please submit your enquiry to Higher Degree Research through the Contact Us tab, or phone (02) 6773 3715 for assistance.

The feedback you provide will help us improve our answers for other people.

People who viewed this answer also viewed

• How to Enrol (or Re-Enrol)
• Difference between a Major, Specialisation and Area of Study
• What is Postgraduate Study?
• CRICOS Provider Number
• Information about Trimesters

• StumbleUpon

• Right to Information
• Accessibility
• University of New England CRICOS Provider Number 00003G
• ABN: 75 792 454 315

© University of New England, 2017

The University of New England respects and acknowledges that its people, programs and facilities are built on land, and surrounded by a sense of belonging, both ancient and contemporary, of the world's oldest living culture. In doing so, UNE values and respects Indigenous knowledge systems as a vital part of the knowledge capital of Australia.

• UNE is a member of the Regional Universities Network

© University of New England, 2021

• Twitter (X)

The difference between a postgraduate vs master’s degree

At UNSW, you’re spoilt for choice with over 400 programs on offer.

But when it comes to navigating undergraduate, postgraduate and research programs, the terminology can get a little confusing. If you’re interested in taking your studies further and want to know the difference between a postgraduate degree and a master’s degree, we have good news for you.

They’re the same! Let us explain…

What is a postgraduate degree?

A postgraduate degree is (almost) any type of university program you undertake after completing undergraduate study. ‘Postgraduate’ is a handy umbrella term that helps us classify the “level” of study of a particular program. Postgraduate programs include master’s degrees, as well as graduate certificates and graduate diplomas. 

What is a master’s degree?

A master’s degree is a type of postgraduate degree. They’re often longer than graduate certificates and graduate diplomas, taking between 1-2 years to complete. They involve advanced study of your chosen field and allow you to further enhance your skills, develop a specialisation and gain more academic and professional experience in the field. 

There are two main types of master's degrees:

Course-based: Focuses on coursework and shorter research papers

Research-based: Requires an extensive thesis project

Master’s degrees can help you advance into leadership roles, increase your earning potential, and prepare for doctoral programs.

Choosing between a master’s and other postgraduate programs

If you’re keen to take on postgraduate study but aren’t sure if a master’s degree is right for you, we’ve broken down the key differences and things to be aware of before making a decision. 

Duration: Postgraduate degrees can range from 1-6+ years depending on the program level. Graduate diplomas and graduate certificates can take as little as six months while PhD and other doctoral programs can take up to six years. Master’s degrees are the sweet spot, generally taking 1-2 years to complete.

Cost: Postgraduate degrees vary in cost depending on factors like degree type, university, program prestige and whether you study domestically or internationally. Master's degrees are typically cheaper than doctoral degrees. The average cost of a master’s degree for domestic students is between $6,000 –$11,000 annually. For international students, it’s between $20,000 – $37,000 per year. We encourage all students to check their eligibility for scholarships to support their studies. 

Flexibility : Many postgraduate degrees offer flexible part-time options, catering to working professionals. Flexibility can depend on university policies and degree requirements. As with most programs, a master’s degree can be taken part-time but will extend the time to completion.

Can I change my Master's specialisation after a bachelor's degree?

Yes, many master’s programs are open to students from all academic backgrounds. This means you can change focus areas entirely or specialise further within your field. Depending on your undergraduate program, you may be eligible for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)  to reduce your postgraduate study load.

Why should I do a master’s degree?

Studying a master’s degree offers many potential benefits, including:

• Higher salary prospects and job opportunities
• Preparation for PhD programs through research experience
• Specialised knowledge to stand out in your field
• Personal growth and development opportunities

What are some popular master’s degree options at UNSW?

We are known for producing Australia’s most employable graduates*. Our postgraduate programs are recognised all over the world. Here are some of our most popular master’s programs:

Master of Engineering

Master of Laws

Master of Commerce

Master of Information Technology

Master of Architecture

Master of Education

Master of Public Health

Master of Clinical Optometry

Master of Data Science

Master of Mathematics

Master of Actuarial Studies

*AFR Top 100 Future Leaders Awards 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024

Connect with us

Sign up to our newsletter - we'll keep you updated on degree information, scholarships and upcoming events.

 Ready to explore your study options?

Undergraduate vs. Graduate: Educate Yourself On The Difference

• Undergraduate Meaning
• Undergraduate Student And Degree
• Graduate Meaning
• Graduate Degree And Student
• Graduate Origin
• Postgraduate Meaning

⚡ Quick summary

The main difference between undergraduate and graduate is that undergraduate is always used in the context of the first level of college or university education (the level where you can earn a bachelor’s degree ). In terms like graduate student and graduate degree , graduate refers to a level of advanced education beyond the undergraduate level, especially a master’s degree or doctorate . The noun graduate is more general, simply referring to a person who has completed a level of education (someone who has graduated ).

The difference between undergraduate and graduate is a difference of degrees (*throws graduation cap in the air to celebrate the pun*).

The level of education that each word involves varies depending on how the word is being used, and there are situations in which both words can be used in the same situation. For example, you can become a graduate student after graduating with an undergraduate degree.

The word graduate can mean very different things depending on whether it’s used as a noun (as in recent   high school graduates ), an adjective (as in graduate student and graduate degree ), or a verb (as in I plan to graduate next May ). The same goes for its shortened form, grad , which can be used as a noun (as in Congrats, grads! ) or an adjective (as in grad program ).

Undergraduate can also be used both as a noun (as in I’m an undergraduate at Stanford University ) or an adjective (as in I’m working toward my undergraduate degree ). It can be shortened to undergrad in both cases.

By the end of this article, you’ll have an advanced degree in all the different ways graduate, grad , undergraduate , and undergrad are used, and what they mean in each case.

What does undergraduate mean?

An undergraduate is “a student in a university or college who has not received a first, especially a bachelor’s, degree.” For example, a college student might say I’m an undergraduate at the University of Texas if they were pursuing a bachelor’s degree there.

Undergraduate is also commonly used as an adjective in this same context, in terms like undergraduate student , undergraduate degree , and undergraduate studies.

Undergraduate is often shortened to undergrad as both a noun and an adjective.

In undergraduate, the prefix under- is used to indicate a lower rank or status. The educational status of an undergraduate student is below that of a graduate student.

What’s the difference between wisdom and knowledge ? Here’s a lesson on the two terms.

What is an undergraduate student ? And what is an undergraduate degree ?

An undergraduate student is a student who is pursuing a degree at the first level of higher education (meaning the level after high school) at a college or university. Undergraduate students are typically those working to earn a bachelor’s degree (or, less commonly, an associate’s degree ). These degrees are often referred to with the general term undergraduate degree.

Outside of the US, an undergraduate degree is sometimes called a first degree. There are also other types of undergraduate degrees outside of the US, such as a foundation degree (which, like an associate’s degree, is typically a two-year degree).

What does graduate mean?

As a noun, the word graduate  [  graj -oo-it ] refers to “a person who has received a degree or diploma on completing a course of study.” In other words, a graduate is someone who has completed a particular level of schooling or an educational program—a child who just finished kindergarten and a doctor who just completed medical school are both graduates. It can even be used figuratively , as in She’s a graduate of the school of hard knocks.

As a verb, graduate [  graj -oo-eyt ] means “to receive a degree or diploma on completing a course of study.” The process of graduating—and the ceremony itself—is called graduation .

As an adjective, graduate [  graj -oo-it ] means something more specific. It’s used to indicate that a student, degree, or educational program is an advanced one, beyond the level of a bachelor’s degree. This sense of graduate is most commonly used in terms like graduate degree, graduate school , graduate program, and graduate student.

What is a graduate degree ? And what is a graduate student ?

Graduate degree typically refers to a degree beyond a bachelor’s, most commonly a master’s.

A graduate student is a student who’s pursuing an advanced degree after having earned their undergraduate degree (such as a bachelor’s degree) by graduating from an undergraduate program. Calling someone a graduate student most often means they are pursuing their master’s degree, but it may be another advanced degree, such as a PhD (You’d most commonly call such students PhD students. Or you might say they are working toward their doctorate or their doctoral degree.)

To earn a graduate degree, graduate students go to a division of a university known as graduate school , and such a program is often called a graduate program. In all of these terms, graduate is often shortened to grad : grad school , grad student , grad program . (A student doesn’t become a graduate student until they take graduate-level courses. For example, if a student graduates with a bachelor’s degree and then later pursues a different bachelor’s degree, they are still an undergraduate student .)

Some graduate studies are referred to in more specific ways: medical students go to medical school to earn their medical degree ; law students go to law school to earn their law degree.

Do you know the difference between these highly-esteemed graduate degrees and titles: PhD, MD, and Dr ?

Where does the word graduate come from?

Graduate comes from the Medieval Latin graduārī, meaning “to take a degree.” It ultimately derives from the Latin gradus, meaning “a step.” Each time you graduate, you take a step to the next level of education.

What does postgraduate mean?

The adjective postgraduate is sometimes used in the same way as the adjective sense of the word graduate, especially in the UK, as in postgraduate student or postgraduate studies.

Postgraduate should not be confused with postdoctoral , which refers to studies, research, or professional work above the level of a doctorate.

How to use undergraduate vs. graduate

The best way to sort out the different meanings of undergraduate and graduate is to determine whether each word is being used as a noun, an adjective, or a verb. Here’s an easy breakdown of the differences.

• undergraduate (noun): A college student pursuing a non-advanced degree, most commonly a bachelor’s degree. Can be shortened to undergrad.
• undergraduate (adjective): Used in the context of colleges and university programs ( undergraduate programs ) where students are pursuing a degree (generally referred to as an undergraduate degree ) that is not an advanced degree. Also sometimes shortened to undergrad.
• graduate (noun): A person who has completed a particular level of schooling or educational program. Can be shortened to grad.
• graduate (verb): To complete a level of schooling (and, typically, to receive a degree or diploma). You can graduate from kindergarten, high school, college, graduate school, medical school, etc.
• graduate (adjective): Used in the context of advanced schooling—a level beyond a bachelor’s degree, most commonly a master’s program. Used in terms like graduate student , graduate school , graduate degree , graduate program , graduate courses , etc. Often shortened to grad.

Examples of undergraduate, undergrad, graduate, and grad used in a sentence

Let’s look at some examples of these words in actual, real-life use to get the meanings straight.

• As an undergraduate, she had studied engineering; as a graduate student, she switched to architecture.
• I completed my undergraduate degree after five years and a lot of hard work.
• As a graduate student, you will be expected to complete a thesis.
• You should start thinking about graduate school applications before you graduate.
• Most of the applicants for this position are recent college graduates.
• I’m still an undergrad, but I’m hoping to start grad school next fall.
• I’m a UGA grad, but I almost went to Georgia Tech.

Go Behind The Words!

• By clicking "Sign Up", you are accepting Dictionary.com Terms & Conditions and Privacy policies.
• Phone This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

No matter who is graduating, here are tips on how to craft a perfect congratulations card for their achievement.

Trending Words

Language Stories

[ im- promp -too ]

• Comments This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

What's the difference between a Masters by Coursework and a Masters by Research?

A  Masters by Coursework  is a professional qualification involving the study of a specified set of core units and a selection of eligible elective units. Undertaking a coursework program will mean that you will attend classes, complete assignments and sit exams where applicable. Some Masters by Coursework also require the completion of a minor thesis as part of the course. Dependent on the course, part-time and online study options are available. For more information, please see our  Postgraduate Study at ECU  web page. A  Masters by Research  involves the submission of a completed thesis based on an independent research project. Students studying a Masters by Research work independently with the support of a supervisor and the School. Students may be required to attend units to help expand skills in the area of research. For more information, please see our Research Degree  web page.

Explore ECU

Research Candidature

Application Process

Apply For Research

Manage Offer

Study At ECU

Supporting Documentation

I - Visa & Confirmation Enrolment

International Agent

Tracking My Application

What To Study

Published: 4 Sept 2023

4 Sept 2023 • Knowledge

Question & answer, related articles.

• Can I apply to exit from my Master of Teaching with a Graduate Diploma in Teaching?
• Can I study a Doctorate or Master by Research online?
• How do I change from a Master by Coursework to a Master by Research?
• I am a new student, how do I choose my classes and find my timetable?
• Will my postgraduate studies give me credits towards a Masters degree?

Recently Viewed

To help us answer your question, choose one of these categories. 'Other' includes our graduates, industry partners or the general community.

Contacting ECU

• Got a Question? Ask Us
• Phone 134 328
• International: +61 8 6304 0000
• Campus Maps
• Campus Tours (VR)

Supplemental

• Copyright , Disclaimer
• Accessibility
• Privacy statement
• Report errors
• Template reviewed 16 Nov 2019
• CRICOS Provider No. 00279B
• RTO Code 4756
• TEQSA ID PRV12160, Australian University

Most popular questions asked by students

• How do I re-enrol into my Higher Degree by Research course?
• What is Higher Degree by Research (HDR)?
• How do I withdraw from my Higher Degree by Research (HDR) course?
• How do I postpone my Masters by Research or Doctorate program?
• Can I study online at ECU?

Graduate coursework options

You can apply for more than 340 award programs ranging from Graduate Certificates to Masters and PhD study in a wide range of study areas and disciplines.

Graduate degree options include:

Graduate certificates

A Graduate certificate is six month course where you can choose from more than 25 discipline areas. It's a perfect stepping stone to help you return to tertiary study after some time away.

Find Graduate certificates

Graduate diplomas

The Graduate Diploma is similar to an undergraduate major and ideally suited as an introduction to a new discipline. It's perfect for professional development and as a preparatory program for graduate studies.

Find Graduate diplomas

Masters by coursework

Masters by coursework is normally one to two years of study. It provides advanced specialist or professional training in a particular discipline or interdisciplinary area and can lead to professional accreditation. Some also offer pathways to doctorate specialisations.

Find Masters by coursework

Professional doctorates

Professional doctorates enable you to carry out advanced academic and professional study that directly relates to a professional role. Completion normally requires doing coursework and a thesis.

Find Professional doctorates

Professional and Continuing Education

There are also professional and continuing education programs you can take outside of your degree to give you a leading edge in your field of expertise.

View programs

Need help understanding your options?

Get in touch with our student support team at Stop 1 to discuss what graduate coursework degrees you can apply for.

Master’s Programs in Education

Additional Information

• Download the Master's Viewbook

As you embrace the next chapter in your development as an educator, innovator, and leader, consider a graduate program that builds on a century of innovation, that’s grounded in the skills every educator needs, and that fully supports your current work and future aspirations.

At the Harvard Graduate School of Education, our master’s degree program is driven by passion and empowered by evidence. We share a vision of education where every learner has an opportunity to be seen, to be challenged, to excel, and to reach their full potential. We are motivated by urgency to build a future that recognizes and overcomes grinding systemic inequities.

Whether you seek to make an impact in early education, in K–12 districts and networks, or in higher education — or whether you want to drive educational change outside of those realms — you belong at HGSE. 

No matter which program you choose, you’ll have the opportunity to interact with HGSE’s world-class faculty, build a sustained community of practice and a lifelong professional network, and gain the preparation necessary to grow, advance, and become the type of leader that education needs.

The Harvard Graduate School of Education offers the Master's in Education (Ed.M.) degree in two formats —  residential and online — and in a variety of programs.

Residential Master's

HGSE’s  on-campus master’s degree is a one-year, full-time, immersive Harvard experience. You'll apply directly to one of its five distinct programs, spanning education leadership and entrepreneurship, education policy, human development, teaching and teacher leadership, and learning design and technology. 

Online Master's

Our Online Master's in Education  is a part-time, two-year, online program in education leadership. It is designed for experienced professionals who want to advance in their careers and deepen their impact. The online program in education leadership offers a choice of two pathways, preK–12 or higher education, that complement your career and chosen area of impact.  

Introduce Yourself

Tell us about yourself so that we can tailor our communication to best fit your interests and provide you with relevant information about our programs, events, and other opportunities to connect with us.

• (877) 445-7180

What’s the Difference Between a Graduate and Undergraduate Degree Program?

When you’re starting to consider your path in higher education, degrees — such as BBA, BS, MBA and MS — can look more like alphabet soup than the academic accomplishments they are.

An undergraduate degree, which commonly refers to a bachelor’s degree, is the next educational step you can pursue after high school. After you earn a bachelor’s degree, you can consider pursuing a graduate degree, which commonly refers to a master's degree. A bachelor's degree is required before a master’s degree because master’s programs generally build on bachelor-level education with more in-depth study.

If you’re considering a path in higher education, use this guide to learn more about undergraduate and graduate degrees.

What is an undergraduate degree? Undergraduate degrees usually require students to take general education courses in areas such as math, language and culture, as well as courses focused on their majors.

Many institutions offer bachelor's degrees in a wide range of subjects. Bachelor's degrees can look slightly different depending on which subject you major in. For example, if your major is information technology, you might earn a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Information Technology. If you major in English, you might graduate with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in English.

While the term undergraduate degree most commonly refers to a bachelor's degree, some students earn a two-year degree called an associate degree after high school before or while pursuing a bachelor's degree.

What is a graduate degree? If you want to continue your studies after completing your bachelor's degree, the next level of education is a graduate degree . Graduate degrees vary significantly depending on the type of degree and the specific program you pursue. Overall, graduate studies provide a more advanced, in-depth curriculum and often practical industry experience to help prepare you for a specific career or field.

There are many types of graduate degrees. You might pursue a master's degree, such as a Master of Arts (MA), Science (MS), Education (MED), or Business Administration (MBA). Other graduate degrees include doctoral and professional degrees, such as Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Juris Doctor (JD) and Doctor of Medicine (MD).

Undergraduate vs. graduate degrees: What’s the difference? While both undergraduate and graduate degrees involve courses and developing new skills, there are significant differences between the degrees, including:

Order of degrees Consider degrees as educational building blocks. After completing high school, you have the foundation to pursue an undergraduate degree, such as a bachelor’s degree. Once you've earned a bachelor's degree, you can pursue further studies in your chosen field through a graduate degree.

Course of study The academic content and focus vary between undergraduate and graduate degrees. For example, if you are completing an undergraduate degree in business, the concepts will be more foundational and general. These concepts lay the groundwork that allows business graduate students to study more specific disciplines, concepts and applications.

Number of courses Given the foundational nature of bachelor’s programs, they typically require more courses to graduate than master’s programs, which are more specialized. For example, the Strayer University Bachelor of Business Administration program has 40 courses, and its Master of Business Administration program has 10 courses. Remember that the time it will take you to complete a degree program can vary depending on the specific program and your academic performance.

Is earning a degree worth it? Undergraduate degrees can help you explore your interests, gain valuable knowledge and skills, expand your professional connections and pursue your career goals. Meanwhile, graduate programs can help you learn the more specialized skills you might need to further your career goals.

Some institutions offer their students assistance to offset costs and support every step of the way. At Strayer University:

• Enroll in a bachelor’s program and we’ll give you a brand-new laptop to help you with your coursework.*
• We offer access to up to 10 no-cost gen ed courses through our affiliate, Sophia, to help you save time and money.*
• For every three bachelor's courses you pass, earn one on us tuition-free, to be redeemed near the end of your program with the Strayer Graduation Fund .*
• You’ll have a dedicated student service coach who will help guide you through your program.
• Access our Career Center with on-demand tools, tips and resources to help you succeed during your program and after graduation.

Still wondering if an undergraduate or graduate degree is worth it? This is a worthwhile question for each potential student to explore. Many careers require a certain level of education or specific skills, so research the career pathways you're interested in and weigh the qualifications needed against your priorities to determine the best next step for you.

*Eligibility rules and restrictions apply. Connect with us for details.

Learn more about Strayer University’s online degree offerings .

Category : Value of a Degree

Published Date : MAY 5, 2024

Request more information

Do you have transfer credits?

U.S. military affiliation

By providing your information, you consent to receive occasional special promotional offers and education opportunities by phone, text message, WhatsApp and email via automated technology from Strayer University and its affiliate Capella University. Consent is not required to purchase goods or services. You can always call us at 1.866.314.3547 .

Apply       Visit       Give       |      Alumni       Parents       Offices       TCNJ Today       Three Bar Menu

Program at a Glance

The online Master of Arts in clinical mental health counseling is designed to put your goals within reach. Three start dates each year and a manageable course load of just two classes during each accelerated session enables you to earn your degree in as few as two years — all while maintaining an ideal work/school/life balance. This 60-credit program prepares you to work with individuals across the lifespan and treatment spectrum.

Program Coordinator : Sandy Gibson, [email protected]

• full time: 2 years
• part time: up to 6 years

Availability

• (mix of asynchronous and synchronous courses)

Specializations

• generalist practice addiction counseling
• per credit*

*This represents a discount of 17% off of TCNJ’s standard tuition rate. Paraprofessionals working in HPSA communities and HBCU graduates are eligible for a further discounted rate of $514.50 per credit.

Who should pursue this program?

A counseling degree will offer you a wide variety of career pathways; many counselors work in community agencies, hospitals, or private practices and provide care directly or serve as administrators. Upon graduation, you will meet the requirements to take the National Counselor Exam to be a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC) and be eligible to apply to be a Licensed Association Counselor (LAC) or its equivalent. Prospective students who live near the TCNJ campus are encouraged to apply to the in-person program .

Engaged Faculty

What sets our faculty apart? It’s their academic prowess and active engagement as practicing counselors. Our faculty members are immersed in the current landscape of mental health counseling, bringing firsthand experience and a practical perspective to the classroom.

The clinical mental health field is experiencing an unprecedented surge in job opportunities, reflecting the increasing recognition of mental health as an integral component of overall well-being. Employment in the field is expected to grow by 18% between 2022 and 2032, according to the latest national data . Our programs will prepare you for success, enabling you to confidently enter the workforce and command a salary that reflects your expertise and dedication.

This program consists of three 16-week terms a year, each of which is divided into two carefully curated eight-week sessions. The practicum/field experience will span a full term, and the internship will span two terms.

Courses are offered online in a blend of asynchronous and synchronous work, meaning you will do most of your work on your own time, whenever it best fits your schedule. Most classes will have a weekly live presentation that will also be recorded for those who cannot attend. (Note that while most courses do not require synchronous attendance, it is required for group counseling as well as for your practicum and internship.)

Full-time students can take two classes per term and finish in two years. Part-time students can decide how many classes to take each term but must finish within six years.

This online program leverages cutting-edge technology to enhance the learning experience and to provide essential skills for your future counseling practice. Through interactive virtual classrooms, multimedia resources, and real-time collaboration tools, you’ll be a part of a dynamic and engaging online environment that mirrors the richness of in-person instruction. Participate in simulated counseling sessions; access diverse case studies; and engage in immersive, experiential learning.

Our instructional designers have developed a no-cost introductory module to prepare you to successfully engage in the online learning environment. In addition, we’ve standardized the online classroom experience to ensure a seamless transition from course to course, even for those who might be new to online education.

Our dynamic curriculum is designed by national experts and aligned with the newly released 2024 CACREP standards. There are two tracks available: generalist practice and addiction counseling. In both you will supplement your classes with community-based engagement, independent studies, or faculty research.

Generalist practice track: Customize your course of study by pursuing the generalist practice track and choosing electives that offer a broader clinical experience.

Addiction counseling track: This track embraces multiple pathways to recovery, preparing you to work across the addiction treatment spectrum and providing a strong foundation in harm reduction.

Our application process is simple and efficient; GRE scores aren’t required, and rolling admission ensures you can start as soon as you want — even the very next term. You need to provide the following:

• Essay (personal statement)*
• Two letters of recommendation from faculty or employers only
• Copy of resume
• Official undergraduate transcript

You can also use code “GROWTCNJ” to waive the $75 application fee.

*Share with us how your lived expertise integrates into your desire to be a mental health counselor, including your aspirations for creating meaningful change in individual lives and communities.

As this is a new program, CACREP accreditation cannot be secured until the first cohort of students is ready to graduate. The CACREP application will be submitted at that time, and everyone who graduates within 18 months of the date that accreditation is secured will be deemed to have graduated from a CACREP-accredited program.

See the list of prerequisites for any person pursuing licensure in counseling. This list is subject to change.

TCNJ’s online clinical mental health counseling degree fulfills the prerequisite courses in licensing requirements in 40 states: AL, AK, AZ, CO, CT, DE, GA, HI, ID, IL, IA, KS, KY, LA, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WV, WI, and WY.*

TCNJ’s online clinical mental health counseling degree does not fully meet the prerequisite courses in licensing requirements in 10 states: AR, CA, FL, IN, MD, MS, NY, PA, VA, and WA.*

*current as of 3/15/24

Similar courses in other states:

• AR and CA: Psychopharmacology
• CA, TN, and VA: Advanced Counseling and Psychotherapeutic Theories and Techniques
• MS and VA: Counseling and Psychotherapy Skills
• IN, NY, and PA: Clinical Instruction; 13 states did not have similar required courses
• FL: Human Sexuality; Counseling in Community Settings
• IN: Knowledge and Skill for the Practice of Mental Health Counseling and Psychotherapy
• MD: Psychotherapy
• WA: Counseling Individuals; Developmental Psychology; Physiological Psychology; Organizational Psychology; Developmentally Disabled People; Abusive Relationships; Chronically Mentally Ill

RISE Urban Residency Program The College of New Jersey P.O. Box 7718 2000 Pennington Rd. Ewing, NJ 08628

Salika Lawrence and Shamaine Bertrand, Program Coordinators [email protected]

Graduate and Continuing Education

Off-Site Graduate Programs

Driving Directions

Students can choose from the following certificates or emphases: TCNJ-Based Certificates

• Bilingual Endorsement Certificate
• Educational Leadership Certificate
• Environmental Sustainability Education Certificate
• Inclusive Literacy
• Integrative STEM Educational Methods Certificate*
• Post-Baccalaureate Certificate Teacher of Students with Disabilities
• Supervisor Certificate
• Teacher Leader Certificate
• Teachers of English as a Second Language Certificate

RTC-Based Certificates

• Brain-Based Teaching Certificate*
• Classroom Climate Certificate*
• The Differentiated Classroom Certificate*

The following certificates lead to eligibility for state endorsements:

*Certificate can be completed online

TCNJ Today || Parents || Alumni

Campus Life

A-Z | Directory | Map | Offices

Facebook     Twitter     LinkedIn     Instagram     YouTube

Graduate Student Resource Center

Supporting Graduate Students' Academic and Professional Success

What I Learned Teaching My First Course as an Associate Instructor!

For context, I’ve been a TA every quarter since Summer 2020 and have served as a teaching assistant for various courses, from introductory-level psychology to more advanced upper-division seminars. Sometimes, I had as few as five students; other times, I had as many as 30 in a single session. Though there are many skills afforded to us while serving as teaching assistants, there were many curve balls that I experienced when serving as the instructor for the entire course. 

What is an associate instructor? Also known as an instructor of record, an associate instructor is typically a graduate student who teaches undergraduate courses at a university and serves as the “professor” of the course. Responsibilities for an instructor of record go beyond delivering lectures; it also involves decisions about exams (e.g., online versus in person? Open note? Timed? Multiple choice or short answer questions?), course content (e.g., what topics to cover? What readings to use? What TAs should cover in section), assignments (e.g., homework? Papers? quizzes?), and grade breakdowns. Due to the broad range of responsibilities, it’s helpful for instructors to think about how to best prepare for an upcoming course.

What are some of the biggest challenges you've faced in your role as an associate instructor? I spent much more time in what I called “slides jail”( making PowerPoint slides in preparation for lectures) than in a normal quarter. Because I wanted to “do a good job,” I found myself spending arguably MORE time than was probably necessary fiddling with my slides, finding content to put in, and making sure I knew the information. I strongly recommend planning to start course preparation as early as possible if you aim to serve as an associate instructor because more time spent upfront will save you time on the back end. Another pro tip would be to see if any previous instructors might be willing to share teaching materials with you–though it can be exciting to create something from scratch, we don’t always have to reinvent the wheel. Lastly, set boundaries about how much time you will spend on slides and stick to them so that you’re not bleeding into the time you need to spend on your research!

What are some memorable or rewarding experiences you experienced as an associate instructor? One of my goals as an instructor is to have students map course concepts onto their own lives (whether through personal experience, examples from media they consume, or even with examples they learned in other classes). Thus, one of my favorite parts of this experience was hearing my students share! I heard about which personality traits they thought characters from their favorite TV shows were highest in, their first words when they were babies, different cultural practices surrounding celebrating dearly departed loved ones, and more (this was a lifespan development course). These rich examples served to help students’ retention and provided diverse exemplars for others to use in their learning.

Do you have any pro tips or other advice for grad students seeking out an associate instructor position for the first time?

• If you’re an instructor who likes to use PollEverywhere for interactive activities in class, know that the basic account has a 40-person cap. I didn’t realize this until the majority of my 200-student class was “locked out” of answering the PollEverywhere question on the first day of lecture. Solution: you can use this Google Form to request a presenter account (which has a much higher cap–I was able to have all 200 students participate with this).
• Set up times to meet with your TAs - even if these TAs have taught for the course before, it’s always helpful to have a set meeting time to check in about any questions or comments that have come up each week (either from the instructor, the TAs, or the students) and make sure everyone is on the same page.
• If you’re using scantrons for exams, take some time to brush up on the scoring instructions, as they might influence the types of questions you create.
• If you’re doing online quizzes/exams on Canvas, make sure you check the settings very closely (e.g., if you allow students to have multiple attempts, it’s important to select the option to “NOT show answers” upon completion of the first attempt)
• Ask other professors/teachers what they do! It can be a time saver to learn from others’ experiences (both good and bad) 
• Have fun with it! I always try to imbue my teaching with positive emotions and humor–to boost engagement, boost memory retention, and make slides jail a little bit more entertaining for myself. For example, students enjoyed seeing pictures of my cat that I would post at the beginning of class time as we waited for everyone to file in–so I started to make memes like the one shown below.

[ Image Description: A pan from Shannon at the podium to a pink PowerPoint slide displayed on the projection screen with a meme]

Would I do it again? Knowing what I know now? Yes – especially if it’s for a class I’ve already taught (that would save so much prep time).

What can I do to prepare for being an associate instructor? Who can I go to for support? There are a number of professional or teaching development opportunities that you can look into if you’re interested in teaching positions like this. The University Teaching Certificate program is a 2-quarter course that students can apply to learn more about pedagogy and develop a teaching portfolio (I participated in this program, and it was a considerable help to prepare a draft of a syllabus when I had to put one together for teaching). Furthermore, the Teaching and Development Program here at UCR offers several workshops each quarter and office hours for questions about teaching. 

If you have further or more specific questions or want to discuss associate instructor positions further, feel free to contact Shannon Brady at [email protected] !  

Integrative Frameworks for Technology, Environment, and Society I

This graduate-level seminar course is part of the MDE program's first-year core curriculum, comprising a two-course sequence spanning one year. The course focuses on building an integrated intellectual framework to explore the complex relationships between science, engineering, manufacturing, design, innovation, environment, sustainability, culture, aesthetics, business, public policy, and government. Through the study of various frameworks and lenses, students will gain insights into real-world problem-solving.  The course fosters critical thinking and intellectual literacy, providing a holistic perspective on the interplay between scientific progress, technological innovations, manufacturing systems, and their broader implications for industry and society. Through readings, discussions, and exercises, students will develop interdisciplinary knowledge and problem-solving skills, empowering them to address multifaceted challenges effectively in their professional endeavors.

Fall Semester Modules Topics:    – Knowing and Understanding    – Science, Engineering, and Design    – Intellectual Property and Industry Standards    – Basic Accounting and Finance    – Manufacturing Processes and Systems    – Business Strategy    – Industry Architecture and Technological Innovation

Course Learning Objectives: The main learning objectives of this course are:

Critical Thinking for Problem Solving – Ability to differentiate between various types of information, such as observations, assumptions, facts, opinions (assertions), beliefs, and prejudices, to facilitate unbiased and evidence-based decision-making – Ability to reason at the level of first principles, fostering deeper understanding and innovative problem solving – Proficiency in identifying significant problems, delving into their root causes, and proposing insightful and well-founded solutions

Integrative Analysis – Consilience across Disciplines – Ability to integrate knowledge from engineering, business, design, sociology, psychology, government, and philosophy to approach real-world problems with a comprehensive mindset – Ability to propose realistic and practical solutions that address the needs and perspectives of multiple stakeholders, bridging various disciplines

Intellectual Literacy – Establishing a Broad Background – Broad knowledge base that will serve as a foundation for effectively solving real-world problems with interdisciplinary insights – Broad knowledge base that will facilitate continuous learning

Course Structure and Format: This course will involve a significant amount of assigned readings from primary reference materials in science, engineering, business, economics, and management as well as prepared course materials and case studies based on specific companies.  In addition, attendance and active in-class participation in discussions of the readings, case studies and other group activities are expected and will be a significant factor in grading.  For the Fall semester, there will be a group project to analyze an assigned industry.

Recommended Background and Prerequisites: undergraduate level background in Physics, Chemistry, and/or Engineering and in Economics (none for MDE students). This course is for students enrolled in the Master in Design Engineering (MDE) graduate program. A small number of other students may be allowed to enroll by permission of instructor. After receiving approval, SEAS/FAS students should enroll in SEAS ES235A. MDE and all other students should enroll in GSD PRO 7231. This course does not count for concentration credit for SEAS undergraduate concentrators; this course does not count as a disciplinary course for SEAS Ph.D. students.

This course will meet for the first time as scheduled, on Tuesday, September 5th.

• The Graduate School >
• Graduate News >

Jacobs School medical students have developed a course to train their peers in trauma-informed care

L to R: Michael Lamb, PhD, director of surgical education and course instructor, Gaby Cordero, MD, who took the course in her fourth year of medical school, and the course's developers: Katherine Foote, Pia Corujo Avila and Sydney Johnson, all Jacobs School students.  Photo: Sandra Kicman/Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

Through a Department of Surgery diversity fellowship, three UB students worked with physicians and community anti-violence groups to create the elective

By Ellen Goldbaum

Release Date: May 15, 2024

BUFFALO, N.Y. – University at Buffalo medical students working with community anti-violence groups in Buffalo have developed an elective course on “Trauma surgery and trauma-informed care.”

The purpose is to train medical students, particularly those interested in surgery, in trauma-informed care in Buffalo’s Level 1 Adult Trauma Center at the Erie County Medical Center (ECMC).

Critical partners are Buffalo’s two anti-violence organizations — Buffalo SNUG (Should Never Use Guns) and Buffalo Rising Against Violence (BRAVE) Trauma Recovery Center — housed within ECMC. BRAVE is Western New York’s only Trauma Recovery Center, having attained that distinction from the National Alliance of Trauma Recovery Centers late last year.

Michael Lamb, PhD, director of surgical education in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at UB and instructor for the elective, explains how the course works.

“Students spend half their time working on the trauma service at ECMC alongside attendings and residents, and the other half with BRAVE and SNUG,” he says. “The students serve as navigators for trauma patients and their families, offering support and advocacy during their hospital stay, clinical follow-ups and home visits.

“Immersion with BRAVE and SNUG offers these medical students not only longitudinal engagement with this extraordinary team of social workers, psychologists, case managers and credible messengers … but a great deal of time with patients and their families,” Lamb adds.

Bridging two worlds

“The whole goal is to bridge two worlds that usually don’t collide,” says Gaby Cordero, MD, who graduated last month from the Jacobs School and was the first person to take the elective.

The idea to create a trauma-informed curriculum developed from conversations between Jacobs School students Pia Corujo Avila, Katherine Foote and Sydney Johnson, all of whom had been awarded the Department of Surgery’s summer diversity research fellowship for underrepresented students in 2022.

That year, Buffalo was in the midst of a significant rise in the number of shootings; it was also the year that 10 Black East Side residents were killed and three were wounded and survived in the May 14 racist massacre at the Jefferson Avenue Tops Market.

The purpose of the fellowships is to give underrepresented students interested in surgery early access to the operating room under the guidance of experienced attending physicians while also providing them with opportunities to do research on obstacles to care.

Community-based research

The only requirement for the research component was that it align with the principles of community-based participatory research, where the community collaborates as a full partner in deciding what to study and how.

The students decided their project would involve research into community violence and the resulting trauma experienced by many patients and their families.  

“As physicians , we are able to play a part in the medical care of patients who may be victims of violence,” says Cordero, “then we lose touch with what may happen when they go back home. Working with BRAVE/SNUG allows us to connect with our patients beyond the operating room, and the hope is to begin to understand the experiences of the community we are serving.”

The students note their medical school classes do feature patients who share their perspectives.

However, Cordero notes, “With this elective, you see things come full circle that in many ways you didn’t before.”

They began their work by connecting with community organizers, pastors, local leaders and neighborhood residents. They spent time listening to those who had been victims of gun violence. They did this through their close partnerships with BRAVE and SNUG, which provide survivors with the tools and connections to prevent re-victimization or further perpetration of violence.

“We are committed to removing barriers to care and providing services that treat the whole person, not just their physical injuries,” says BRAVE Trauma Recovery Center Director Paula Kovanic-Spiro, who also serves as SNUG site administrator. She notes that this work would not be possible without the support of New York State, ECMC and other local partners.

“We are honored to support the talented Jacobs School students who developed this course and look forward to further advancing the importance of trauma-informed care by tomorrow’s doctors,” she adds.

Voices of victims of violence

“These medical students, having spoken with so many victims and families, and having themselves, I think, too often experienced what it’s like to be discounted, were deeply committed to including the voices of those who have experienced violence,” says Lamb, an environmental psychologist.

Cordero explains how she connected with one patient who had a penetrating wound. “I got to go in to see him with the BRAVE/SNUG team and the surgical residents,” she says. “The patient already knew me because I had just cleaned his wound. I asked him if he felt safe going back home and told him about resources. It changes the trajectory. It’s like finding a middle ground between the social workers and the medical team, to better understand what people need.”

Finding that middle ground is exactly the goal, says Johnson, a founder of the course.

“You want to treat the whole person,” says Johnson, who began working on the elective while recovering from a stroke, an experience that provided her with a unique perspective on the patient experience.

“As the surgeon, the only time you may see the patient is in the OR,” she says. “You need a bit more humanity. When you understand the world the patient comes from, the injury that brought them to the hospital, and what they are going home to, you can be more proactive in their care. When you, the provider, are able to take all of this into consideration, the patient will have better outcomes.”

For Corujo Avila, that understanding is critical. Born and raised in Puerto Rico, she says gun violence is a serious problem there, too, especially in urban areas.

“There’s a big Puerto Rican community in Buffalo, too,” she says, “and they are also victims of gun violence who end up in the trauma bay here. Sometimes they don’t speak English. These communities are suffering. I feel like I’m helping my community here.”

Katherine Foote’s motivation in developing the course was deeply personal. When she was 7 years old, her father was a victim of gun violence.

“He made it to the hospital, but he didn’t make it out,” she says. “They did everything they could, but they could not save him. As traumatic as it was for my family, I am honored to be part of these survivors’ recovery. It is very important to me. My co-founders and I recognized a need to provide additional support during a difficult time of their lives. I look forward to the positive impact we will have on their journey to recovery.”

Media Contact Information

Ellen Goldbaum News Content Manager Medicine Tel: 716-645-4605 [email protected]

• Utility Menu

GA4 Tracking Code - DO NOT REMOVE

Site name and logo, harvard divinity school.

• Prospective Students
• Give to HDS

Graduate Profile: Hannah Eliason, MTS '24

Message of Thanks  

While I would like to thank all of my professors at HDS, there are a couple of professors without whom getting here would not have been possible. I want to thank Mike Delaney for the countless office hours, support, and guidance throughout my entire journey of academic, personal, and vocational growth with the Religion and Public Life Program. I can wholeheartedly say that I am lucky I got to begin and end my time at this institution with such an influential figure in the humanitarian sector. I also want to thank Dr. Healan Gaston for providing me with academic spaces to research more unconventional topics like the Salem Witch Trials, the Lavender Scare, and Trump’s 2017 Muslim Ban. I would also like to thank Shaul Magid for supporting my research and vocational path in Holocaust and genocide public education and research. 

Finally, I want to thank my undergraduate advisor and mentor, Dr. Damon Berry at St. Lawrence University. My journey in religious studies began during college on the first day of Damon’s “Cults and New Religious Movements” course in the spring of 2018. Little did I know then, but this was the beginning of my trajectory towards HDS, a path I never would have considered previously. Thank you for all the short notice mentoring sessions, your unwavering support, and for being one of my biggest academic/vocational cheerleaders! 

What I Hope to Be Remembered By 

Vocationally, I hope to be remembered as an advocate for a world of just peace through my commitment to fighting social injustice against state violence and the rise of authoritarianism. On a personal level, I hope people remember me for being unapologetically myself, remembering my infectious laugh, smile, and hospitality – the watercolor memories scattered with joy, hope, solidarity, and forgiveness. 

Future Plans 

Following graduation, I plan on staying in New England for a couple of months, spending the summer reconnecting with nature and recentering my mind, body, and soul. I will continue my role as a facilitator with Amideast’s Qisasna Program (an intercultural, virtual exchange program), connecting American undergraduate students with Yemeni undergraduate students to find common ground, build podcasting skills, and foster friendships. It is my belief that programs such as these will lead peace-building efforts for future generations. 

• Public Events Calendar
• Harvard Divinity Bulletin

• Skip to main content
• Keyboard shortcuts for audio player

Marie Fowler, 83, becomes Howard University's oldest doctoral graduate

Fowler earned her doctoral degree in ministry over the weekend. She already has her bachelors and two masters but wasn't sure at her age she could manage the work. She stayed the course.

Copyright © 2024 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.