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Essay on International Yoga Day for Students | 500 Words Essay

December 10, 2020 by Sandeep

International Yoga Day Essay: International Yoga Day is celebrated on 21st June every year. Yoga is an ancient form of exercise to keep the mind and body healthy. It originated in Northern-India, during Indus Civilization. The word Yoga was born from the Sanskrit language, which means union. It was practised by Rishis in ancient times and have been mentioned in Vedic literature. Yoga is divided into- Raja, Bhakti, Jnana, Karma, Mantra and Hath yoga. The postures and poses in yoga benefit the body mentally and physically. The meditation and breathing exercises assist in warding off negative energy. ‘Surya Namaskar’ or Sun Salutation is a form of complete yoga which helps in entire growth and development of the body. Patanjali is well-known as the father of modern yoga.

Below we have provided International Yoga Day Essay in English, written in easy and simple words for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 school students.

Essay on International Yoga Day 500 Words in English

Below we have provided an extended essay on International Yoga Day, suitable for class 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 students.

International Yoga Day is celebrated every year on 21st June. The idea was proposed by Prime Minister of India, Mr Narendra Modi with the objective of promoting the holistic benefits of yoga among the people worldwide. Hence the United Nations declared International Yoga Day in 2015. Around 35,985 people, including Narendra Modi and notable dignitaries from 84 nations celebrated the event by performing 21 different yoga asana in New Delhi. Many people and spiritual gurus took the initiative to promote development.

The program gained recognition in the Guinness World Records for the largest yoga class and a more significant number of people’s involvement. Moreover, it received popularity across the world and was acknowledged globally. The word yoga originated from the Sanskrit word, ‘Yuj’ meaning to join or to unite. As per the yogic scriptures, yoga is a spiritual and aesthetic discipline which includes breath control, meditation and adopting certain bodily postures.

The ultimate goal of the exercise is to attain salvation(moksha). Moreover, its roots are present since the Vedic period and have been mentioned in the Rig Veda. The asana are not only physical exercise but hold significance in terms of spiritual connection. As stated by Amit Ray, “Yoga means addition-addition of energy, strength and beauty to body, mind and soul.” The first Hindu person to propagate and disseminate aspects of yoga to the western audience was Swami Vivekanand.

The International Yoga Day was adopted to fulfil the below-mentioned objectives.

• To promote better mental and physical health benefits among the masses.
• To draw the attention of people towards holistic advantages of yoga.
• To promote awareness about the natural and amazing results among the people.
• To help people connect with nature by practising yoga on a daily basis.
• To reduce the rate of fatal diseases all over the world.
• To unify communities through spending time for health from a busy schedule.
• To enhance growth and development and bring peace.
• To encourage people to eliminate negativity by embracing meditation and yoga asanas.
• To win over bad mental and physical health.
• To promote healthy living habits among the people.

Yoga is considered to be the most constructive and fruitful way of connecting our soul to God. It brings a balance and an alignment between our body and mind. Through meditation and breathing exercise, one can connect with nature and find bliss in the world. It opens our mind to appreciate the good in life and form peace. Moreover, a person develops a bond with the Supreme and the spiritual world.

It increases our thinking capacity and helps us to make better decisions. Also, one experiences immense serenity which further helps in fighting struggles in life. Furthermore, the essence of yoga revolves around elevating the life force known as Kundalini, which lies at the base of the spine. It is believed that yoga is an invaluable gift in India’s tradition passed down by our ancestors towards healthy living.

Regular practice improves flexibility among the muscles, which strain the knee due to improper alignment and creates good posture. It prevents the body from arthritis and severe back pain by strengthening the muscles. The spine is well protected by practising several backbend, front bends and twists. It is known as the natural immunity booster and increases the blood flow.

The most prominent feature it displays is focusing on the present. According to studies, yoga improves coordination, memory and IQ. People do not deviate from their course and concentrate on their goals. Also, it relaxes the entire system and makes us happier. The day commenced by practising yoga proves to be fruitful and cheerful. Lastly, it maintains our nervous system and helps us to fight stress. It adds years to your life and life to your years.

Short Essay on International Yoga Day in 250 Words

Yoga is a word descended from the Sanskrit language, which means ‘union’, the union of mind, body and soul. It focuses on structured body movements and breathing exercises which helps in alignment of the body and mind in place. Due to its principals and no side effect quality, it gained international recognition from the United Nations, and hence 21st June was declared as the International Yoga Day since 2015.

It is believed that yoga is the best medicine for any diseases and has the power to heal the entire body through consistent practice. To promote this day, schools and colleges conduct activities like essay competition, debate, elocution and quiz. Moreover, various yoga camps are organized at different places where the Prime Minister of India actively participates along with some notable personalities.

The people gather in parks and gardens to perform yoga postures under the supervision of the trained instructors. Not only metropolitan cities but villages and small towns conduct several activities. This presents a great view when a large number of people participate in wholeheartedly. The main objective of the day is to inculcate the habit of asana among the masses and make it a permanent lifestyle.

To draw the attention of the people to its holistic benefits, Prime Minister Narendra Modi initiated this declaration. More than 70 countries participated and celebrated this event in 2015. It was celebrated on an international level. Thus, it is evident that meditation or Dhyana teaches us to follow discipline in life. Through the systematic practice of yoga, one can eliminate negative energy from their lives and focus on positive aspects.

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Home » Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude » Contributions of moral thinkers from India and the world » Indian moral thinkers » Yoga

‘Yoga’ literally means ‘union’- spiritual union of the individual soul with the Universal Soul . Bhagavad Gita defines Yoga as that state than which there is nothing higher or worth realising and firmly rooted in which a person is free from all pains and misery. According to Patanjali , Yoga is a spiritual effort to attain perfection through the control of the body, senses and mind and through right discrimination between Purusa and Prakrti.

Yoga is the practical path of realisation of the theoretical ideals of Samkhya Philosophy in order to achieve the Samkhya ideal of kaivalya . It includes moral restraints and spiritual imperatives to ultimately achieve meditation in which the self is completely and transparently understood.

Source of Knowledge – Yoga accepts three pramanas which are agreed by the Samkhya – perception, inference and verbal testimony . Though Yoga states that there is only one Purusa (Supreme self) who is eternal, ubiquitous, beyond time and space whereas Samkhya expresses that there are many Purusas (innumerable number of selves).

K L ESAS – Purusa is the eternally pure and transcendental consciousness. It is the chitta with the reflection of the Purusa in it, is the ph enomenal ego (jiva), which is subject to birth and death and to all painful or pleasurable experiences. There are five kinds of sufferings (klesa) which it is subject to- ignorance, egoism, attachment, aversion, clinging to life and instinctive fear of death .

A SHTANGA YOGA – Yoga advocates control over the body, the senses and the mind. It does not want to kill the body but r ecommends its perfection . Sensual attachment and passions distract body as well as the mind. They must be conquered and to overcome them, Yoga gives us the Eightfold Path of Discipline or the Ashtanga Yoga .

GOD AND LIBERATION – Yoga is described as the Samkhya with God . Yoga accepts the existence of God which is only one of the many objects on which Yogis can concentrate their mind, thus God in Yoga has only practical importance. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan has also supported this view. According to him, the God of Yoga is not the summum bonum of life . According to Patanjali , God is free from the law of karma, pain, pleasure, joys, and all sorts of worldly attachments. God does not need any kind of liberation since he is beyond law of karma. An individual seeks liberation because he has to bear the fruits of his karmas. There are three arguments offered by the Yoga school for the existence of God which are as follows;

• Scriptural testimony – Scriptures are ancient and old but stands as references for the existence of god. In Vedas and the Upanishads, it is described that God is the ultimate existence, eternal and summum bonum of life.
• The efficient cause – Prakrti and Purusa are different and distinct in their nature. They can’t come close to each other without intervention of an efficient cause. This efficient cause is ‘God’. He is responsible for bringing prakriti near to the purusa. As a result, the world and living beings in it are created.
• The ultimate in hierarchy – Human beings possess limited knowledge. But God is the ‘Supreme Being’ and the source of all substratum of the universe and became the creator of all living creatures in the earth. The whole world is so vast that an ordinary human being can neither create nor control over it. Hence, God’s existence is acclaimed.

The Yoga philosophy speaks about the theory and practice for the realization of the ultimate truth concerning human being and the world. It is closely associated with Samkhya philosophy. The Yoga presents a practical path for the realization of the self whereas the Samkhya emphasizes the attainment of knowledge of self by means of concentration and

meditation. As described by Bhagvad Gita , Yoga and Samkhya are the practical and theoretical sides of the same system.

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International Yoga Day, History, Theme 2023 & Significance

International Yoga Day has been celebrated across the world annually on June 21 since 2015. Read all about International Yoga Day, History, Theme 2023 & Significance for UPSC Exam.

Table of Contents

International Yoga Day

Every year on June 21, there is an international yoga day. It is a celebration of yoga’s spiritual and physical strength on a global scale. Millions of individuals participate and do so frequently, despite the fact that it is a crucial source of exercise and good activity. These rituals have been used by many people for generations as a way to integrate their body, mind, and soul.

International Yoga Day History

The ancient art of yoga has a connection to the history of Yoga Day. It is a type of exercise and a meditative act that promotes physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Since 3000 BC, yoga has been practised in India, and it plays an important part in old literature like the Rigveda and the Upanishads.

The earliest types of yoga combine physical activity, spirituality, meditation, and fitness. Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism all make reference to it. Yoga was characterized as a way of life in the Patanjali Yoga Sutra of the fourth century BCE. Three varieties of yoga are described in the Mahabharata text:

• Action (karma)
• Dedication (bhakti)
• Knowledge (Jnana)

Together, these three categories bind the body, mind, and soul. Even though yoga has been practised for a very long time in India, the country just recognized International Yoga Day in 2015. The Sanskrit term “yoga” has the literal meaning “to connect” or “to unite.” It represents how the body and consciousness are related.

International Yoga Day was initially proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on September 27, 2014, during his speech to the United Nations General Assembly. At the time, Asoke Kumar Mukerji, the Indian Ambassador, had sponsored a resolution declaring June 21 as International Yoga Day.

The Summer Solstice, when there is the greatest sunlight throughout the year, falls on June 21, which is why that date was selected. The most nations ever to support a UN resolution, 177 joined together to establish June 21 as International Yoga Day. On June 21, 2015, in New Delhi, nearly 36,000 people participated in the first International Yoga Day, which is now celebrated all over the world. Among them were Prime Minister Modi and numerous other prominent political figures from around the globe.

International Yoga Day 2023 Theme

‘Humanity’ is the focus of International Yoga Day in 2023. The festivities surrounding International Yoga Day seek to raise awareness of the holistic benefits of yoga and to promote it as a daily practice for better health all around the world.

International Yoga Day Logo

The logo’s folded hands represent yoga, the union, which represents the fusion of a person’s consciousness with that of the universe, a perfect balance between the mind and body, and between man and nature; and a wholistic approach to health and well-being. The green leaves represent nature, the blue leaves the water element, the brightness the fire element, and the Sun the source of all life. The brown leaves represent the Earth element. The yoga practice’s core values of peace and harmony for all people are reflected in the logo.

International Yoga Day Celebration

There are no established traditions because International Yoga Day is a relatively new holiday. Contrarily, yoga is an age-old discipline that renews the mind and soothes the soul. The day’s objective is to encourage newcomers to adopt a yogic way of life and align with their inner chakra.

Yoga beginners group together and create their own sequence of postures while meditating to their favorite peaceful music. Prior to starting the practice, new yoga mats and yoga pants are bought. Yoga practitioners who are already skilled play around with novel combinations and teach it to their friends. Additionally, instructors offer unique group yoga retreats.

International Day of Yoga Significance

The Sadgurus are honoured on June 21. The summer solstice falls on this day as well. The North Pole tilts towards the sun at the June solstice, or we may say that the sun starts to migrate southward. According to yoga, this is the transitional phase, which makes it a better time for meditation.

Adiyogi, the original yogi, travelled to the south at Sankranti or Uttarayan (about June 21), when he first saw the seven royal sages who would later become his first followers. They have disseminated the science of yoga throughout the world.

It’s incredible that this crucial moment in human history occurs on June 21. This day, which falls on the Northern Hemisphere’s longest day of the year, is significant around the world.

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International Yoga Day FAQs

What is the theme of international yoga day 2023.

The theme of International Yoga Day 2023 is “Humanity.

Why is yoga day on 21st June?

When proposing 21 June as the date, Modi said that the date was the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere (shortest in the southern hemisphere), having special significance in many parts of the world. In Indian calendars, the summer solstice marks the transition to Dakshinayana.

Why International Yoga Day is celebrated?

International Yoga Day is celebrated on 21 June every year to highlight the importance of Yoga and its benefits on our mind and body.

Who is father of yoga?

Patanjali is known as the father of modern yoga. In some parts of India, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya is also considered as the father of modern yoga.

What is the motto of yoga day?

Yoga Day theme 2022 is "Yoga for Humanity." This year's theme invokes a sense of brotherhood. It also indicates the importance of collective well-being for overall humanity.

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Yoga Essay in English for Students and Benefits of Yoga

Yoga is a very ancient practice in India. It has lots of benefits for someone who does it regularly. It improves a person’s mental, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing. This article has yoga essays for Students.

October 19, 2023

Table of Contents

Yoga Essay: Yoga, a timeless practice rooted in India’s history and philosophy, offers a path to physical, mental, and spiritual harmony. Yoga’s holistic approach to health and well-being makes it a valuable tool for a healthier, happier life, supported by ongoing scientific research. In this article, we’ll give you Yoga essays.

Essay on Benefits of Yoga

Yoga, a millennia-old practice from India, combines physical, mental, and spiritual exercises, gaining global popularity. This essay explores yoga’s advantages and its integral role in people’s lives.

Physical Benefits

• Enhanced Flexibility: Yoga increases flexibility, reducing injury risk.
• Improved Strength: It promotes functional strength and posture.
• Enhanced Balance: Yoga enhances coordination and stability, especially in older adults.
• Pain Relief: It alleviates chronic pain conditions like back pain and arthritis.

Mental Benefits

• Stress Reduction: Yoga lowers stress and promotes relaxation.
• Mental Clarity: It sharpens focus and cognitive function.
• Emotional Balance: Yoga fosters emotional awareness and management.
• Improved Sleep: It aids in relaxation and better sleep.

Spiritual Benefits

• Self-Discovery: Yoga encourages self-understanding and personal growth.
• Connection: Some find spiritual connection through yoga.

General Well-Being

• Weight Management: Yoga aids weight loss and balanced living.
• Digestive Health: It improves digestion and gastrointestinal health.
• Immune System Boost: Yoga strengthens the immune system.
• Longevity: Practitioners report increased vitality and longer lives.

Yoga Essay in English

Introduction.

Yoga, an ancient practice from India, has become a global phenomenon, offering holistic well-being. This essay explores yoga’s history, its physical and mental benefits, and its modern relevance.

Historical Origins

Yoga’s roots lie in the Sanskrit word “yuj,” meaning unity. It began over 5,000 years ago and evolved into various disciplines.

Varieties of Yoga

• Hatha Yoga: Focuses on postures and breathing.
• Vinyasa Yoga: A dynamic flow of postures.
• Ashtanga Yoga: A rigorous, sequenced practice.
• Kundalini Yoga: Combines postures, meditation, and chanting.
• Bikram Yoga: Involves a specific series in a heated room.

Physical and Mental Benefits

Yoga offers physical benefits like flexibility and strength. It promotes stress reduction, concentration, emotional stability, and self-awareness.

Relevance in the Modern World

In our fast-paced world, yoga offers a retreat from chaos, accessible to all, and continues to thrive in yoga studios, online classes, and wellness centres.

Yoga, a timeless practice, provides a path to well-being, whether improving fitness, reducing stress, or finding inner peace. Embrace yoga’s wisdom for a healthier, balanced life.

Importance of Yoga

Yoga’s holistic significance.

The importance of yoga transcends the realms of physical exercise and extends deep into the realms of holistic well-being both physically and mentally. This ancient practice which originated in India thousands of years ago has gained global recognition for its numerous benefits.

Physical Health Benefits

• Enhances flexibility, strength and balance.
• Improves circulation potentially alleviating chronic pain and reducing injury risk.
• Emphasises deep and mindful breathing techniques enhancing lung capacity and overall vitality.

Mental Wellness

A powerful stress-reduction tool for managing anxiety and depression.

Encourages relaxation and mindfulness through meditative aspects.

Fosters inner peace and emotional stability essential in today’s fast-paced world.

Beyond the Physical and Mental

• Instils discipline, patience and self-awareness.
• Encourages individuals to connect with their inner selves.
• Builds a harmonious relationship between mind and body.

In a well-being focused world, yoga is an invaluable practice that promotes holistic health making it an indispensable tool for those seeking a balanced and fulfilling life.

Yoga Essay in 300 words

Yoga, an ancient practice, endures as a holistic approach to well-being, with origins dating back over 5,000 years to the Indus Valley. It ranks among the world’s oldest forms of self-care and exercise, transcending cultural boundaries to attract millions of practitioners globally. This essay delves into yoga’s rich history, guiding principles, benefits, and its profound impact on the body, mind, and spirit.

The History of Yoga

Yoga’s history intertwines deeply with the spiritual and philosophical traditions of ancient India. Initially developed for spiritual awareness and self-realisation, the word “yoga” is rooted in the Sanskrit term “yuj,” signifying unity between the individual self (Atman) and universal consciousness (Brahman). Its history can be divided into the Vedic, classical, and modern eras, with Sage Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras during the classical period setting out the eight limbs of yoga, including ethical guidelines, physical postures (asanas), breath control (pranayama), and meditation techniques.

The Principles of Yoga

Yoga rests on fundamental principles:

• Ahimsa (Non-Violence): Promoting kindness and respect for all living beings.
• Satya (Truthfulness): Encouraging honesty in actions and words.
• Asteya (Non-Stealing): Advocating contentment and avoiding theft.
• Brahmacharya (Moderation): Emphasising balance in diet, behaviour, and thoughts.
• Aparigraha (Non-Possessiveness): Focusing on detachment from material possessions and desires.

The Physical Benefits of Yoga

Yoga offers physical benefits, enhancing flexibility, strength, balance, posture, and overall bodily system functioning. Different asanas target various muscle groups, leading to a toned and supple body. It also contributes to improved circulatory, digestive, and immune system health while mitigating chronic pain.

The Mental and Emotional Benefits of Yoga

Mental and emotional benefits include stress reduction, enhanced mental clarity, emotional stability, and inner peace through meditation and mindfulness. Yoga fosters self-awareness, aiding individuals in understanding their thought patterns and emotions.

The Spiritual Benefits of Yoga

Yoga’s spiritual aspects persist, promoting a deeper connection with the self and, for some, unity with the universe through meditation and self-reflection.

Yoga, a profound practice uniting the body, mind, and spirit, draws from rich ancient Indian traditions. Its principles guide ethical living, mindfulness, and personal growth. Offering extensive physical, mental, and spiritual benefits, yoga is a valuable tool for holistic well-being, enabling individuals to attain harmony and unity within themselves and the world.

Yoga Essay in 150 words

Yoga, an ancient practice hailing from India, has garnered global acclaim due to its multifaceted advantages encompassing physical, mental, and spiritual aspects. It melds physical postures, controlled respiration, and meditative techniques. In a mere 150 words, an exhaustive portrayal of yoga proves challenging, yet we’ll explore its significance.

Yoga fosters physical well-being by enhancing flexibility, strength, and equilibrium. Mentally, it aids in stress reduction and heightened mindfulness. Additionally, it forges a connection to one’s inner self, cultivating self-awareness and inner tranquillity.

Furthermore, yoga’s versatility renders it accessible to individuals spanning various age groups and fitness levels. Its capacity to mitigate issues like anxiety, depression, and chronic pain has earned recognition. This practice also underscores the value of proper nutrition and relaxation, thereby advocating a healthful lifestyle.

In essence, yoga transcends the realm of mere exercise; it evolves into a lifestyle, nurturing harmony among body, mind, and spirit. Its transformative abilities and holistic well-being promotion are undeniable.

Short Essay on Yoga

Yoga, an ancient Indian practice, has transcended borders to become a worldwide sensation, with its profound impact on physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Beyond a mere exercise routine, it’s a comprehensive way of life. This essay explores yoga’s essence and its significance today.

Origins of Yoga

Yoga’s roots stretch back thousands of years to the Indus Valley civilization, designed to unite the individual with universal consciousness (“yoga” means unity). Indian philosophical texts like the Yoga Sutras and the Bhagavad Gita underpin its philosophy.

Physical Health

Yoga significantly enhances physical health through postures improving flexibility, strength, and balance. Regular practice alleviates chronic pain, corrects posture, and boosts overall fitness. It also emphasises proper breathing techniques, increasing circulation and reducing stress.

Mental and Emotional Well-being

Yoga extends to mental and emotional well-being. Mindfulness and meditation cultivate self-awareness and emotional stability, reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Breathing and meditation are vital tools for navigating modern life’s challenges.

Spiritual Growth

Yoga intertwines with spiritual growth, providing a path for self-discovery and a connection to higher consciousness. While not religious, it encourages self-realisation and understanding of life’s purpose.

Yoga in the Modern World

Today, yoga is accessible through studios, online classes, and resources, making it inclusive for diverse audiences.

Yoga isn’t merely physical exercise; it’s a holistic approach to body, mind, and spirit. In our complex world, it continues to guide individuals towards a healthier, more fulfilling life amidst chaos. Its global appeal is a testament to the enduring relevance of its ancient wisdom in our modern lives.

Yoga Essay FAQs

Yoga is not a religion but has its foundations in spirituality. It can be practised in a secular or spiritual context.

Consistency is crucial. Engaging in yoga 2-3 times a week can result in noticeable improvements.

Meditation is a fundamental aspect of yoga, contributing to mental clarity, concentration, and inner tranquillity.

Prenatal yoga classes are tailored to expectant mothers and provide safe poses and breathing techniques suitable for pregnancy.

Basic yoga necessitates minimal equipment - a mat, comfortable attire, and, optionally, yoga props such as blocks and straps.

An often mistaken belief is that yoga revolves exclusively around physical contortions, whereas, in truth, it encompasses a comprehensive approach.

Yoga is adaptable for individuals of all age groups, with adjusted positions available for both youngsters and older adults.

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Essay on Yoga

Here we have shared the Essay on Yoga in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

You can use this Essay on Yoga in any assignment or project whether you are in school (class 10th or 12th), college, or preparing for answer writing in competitive exams. 

Topics covered in this article.

Essay on Yoga in 150 words

Essay on yoga in 250-300 words, essay on yoga in 500-1000 words.

Yoga is an ancient practice originating from India, known for its physical, mental, and spiritual benefits. Combining physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation, yoga promotes overall well-being. It enhances flexibility, strength, and balance while reducing stress and anxiety. Yoga cultivates mindfulness, improving focus and promoting inner peace. The ethical principles of yoga guide practitioners towards positive values such as compassion and truthfulness. It is inclusive and suitable for people of all ages and fitness levels. Yoga has gained global popularity and recognition, leading to the establishment of International Yoga Day on June 21st. It is a transformative practice that improves physical health, mental well-being, and spiritual growth. By embracing yoga, individuals can find harmony, balance, and inner peace, enhancing their overall quality of life.

Yoga is an ancient practice that originated in India and has gained global popularity for its numerous physical, mental, and spiritual benefits. It is a holistic discipline that combines physical postures, breathing techniques, meditation, and ethical principles to promote overall well-being.

The practice of yoga brings harmony between the body and mind, enhancing flexibility, strength, and balance. It improves physical fitness and promotes relaxation, reducing stress and anxiety. Regular practice of yoga helps to increase mindfulness, improve focus, and cultivate a sense of inner peace.

Yoga is not just a physical exercise but a way of life. It encourages self-discipline, self-awareness, and self-transformation. The ethical principles of yoga, known as the Yamas and Niyamas, guide practitioners toward compassion, truthfulness, contentment, and other positive values.

The beauty of yoga lies in its inclusivity. It can be practiced by people of all ages and fitness levels. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced practitioner, yoga offers a space for personal growth and self-exploration.

Yoga has transcended cultural boundaries and has become a global phenomenon. Its popularity is attributed to its effectiveness in promoting physical health, mental well-being, and spiritual growth. It has also been recognized by the United Nations, which declared June 21st as International Yoga Day, highlighting its significance as a holistic practice for humanity.

In conclusion, yoga is a transformative practice that benefits individuals physically, mentally, and spiritually. Its ancient wisdom and holistic approach make it a valuable tool for managing stress, improving fitness, and promoting overall well-being. By embracing yoga, individuals can cultivate a balanced and harmonious life, finding inner peace and contentment amidst the challenges of the modern world.

Title: The Transformative Power of Yoga – Cultivating Harmony in Body, Mind, and Spirit

Introduction :

Yoga, an ancient practice originating from India, has gained global popularity for its holistic approach to health and well-being. Combining physical postures, breathing techniques, meditation, and ethical principles, yoga offers a comprehensive system for cultivating harmony in body, mind, and spirit. This essay explores the origins and philosophy of yoga, its physical and mental benefits, and its profound impact on personal transformation.

Origins and Philosophy

Yoga traces its roots back thousands of years to ancient Indian civilization. It is deeply rooted in Hindu philosophy and encompasses various paths to self-realization. The word “yoga” comes from the Sanskrit word “yuj,” which means to unite or join. It refers to the union of the individual self (jiva) with the universal consciousness (Brahman).

The practice of yoga is guided by the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, a foundational text that outlines the philosophy and principles of yoga. Patanjali describes yoga as the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind, leading to a state of inner stillness and self-awareness.

Physical Benefits of Yoga

Yoga offers numerous physical benefits that contribute to overall health and well-being. The practice of asanas, or physical postures, improves flexibility, strength, and balance. It enhances body awareness, alignment, and posture, reducing the risk of injuries. Regular yoga practice can alleviate chronic pain, improve cardiovascular health, and enhance the functioning of the respiratory, digestive, and immune systems.

Mental and Emotional Benefits of Yoga

Beyond the physical realm, yoga provides profound mental and emotional benefits. The practice of pranayama, or breathing techniques, calms the nervous system, reduces stress, and promotes relaxation. Meditation cultivates mindfulness, improving focus, concentration, and emotional stability. Yoga fosters self-acceptance, self-compassion, and resilience, helping individuals navigate life’s challenges with greater ease. It promotes mental clarity, creativity, and a sense of inner peace.

Ethical Principles of Yoga

Yoga is not just a physical exercise but a way of life. It encompasses ethical principles known as the Yamas and Niyamas, guiding practitioners towards a virtuous and mindful existence. The Yamas include non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, moderation, and non-possessiveness. The Niyamas include purity, contentment, self-discipline, self-study, and surrender to a higher power. These principles encourage individuals to cultivate positive relationships, live with integrity, and embrace self-reflection and personal growth.

Personal Transformation and Spirituality

Yoga is a transformative practice that goes beyond the physical and mental realms, opening doors to spiritual growth and self-realization. It provides a path for individuals to connect with their inner selves and tap into their innate wisdom and intuition. The practice of yoga fosters a sense of interconnectedness, recognizing the oneness of all beings and the unity of the universe. It invites individuals to explore their spiritual nature and cultivate a deeper sense of purpose and meaning in life.

The Global Impact of Yoga

Yoga’s profound impact has transcended cultural boundaries, reaching people of diverse backgrounds and belief systems worldwide. It has gained recognition for its ability to improve physical health, mental well-being, and overall quality of life. In 2014, the United Nations declared June 21st as International Yoga Day, highlighting its global significance. On this day, people around the world come together to celebrate and practice yoga, emphasizing its role in promoting peace, harmony, and unity.

Conclusion :

Yoga is a transformative practice that offers a holistic approach to health and well-being. It harmonizes the body, mind, and spirit, fostering physical strength, mental clarity, and spiritual growth. Through the practice of asanas, pranayama, meditation, and ethical principles, individuals can experience profound personal transformation. Yoga’s impact extends beyond the individual, promoting global unity, peace, and interconnectedness. As more people embrace yoga, its benefits continue to ripple through society, creating a positive impact on individuals, communities, and the world at large. By cultivating inner harmony, practicing mindfulness, and embodying the principles of yoga, we can lead more fulfilling, balanced, and purposeful lives.

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International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC)

Last updated on November 19, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

The International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is the ship, rail, and road route for moving freight between India, Russia, Iran, Europe, and Central Asia. The primary goal of INSTC is to enhance connectivity and promote trade and economic cooperation among these regions Read here to learn more about the multi-modal transportation network.

The development of the International North-South Transport Corridor is part of broader efforts to improve regional connectivity and economic integration in Eurasia.

It holds the potential to reshape trade dynamics and contribute to the economic development of the participating countries while offering alternative trade routes for global commerce.

However, its full realization depends on overcoming various logistical, political, and infrastructure challenges.

Table of Contents

India’s ‘extended neighborhood’ and INSTC

With the coming of the new millennium, we are seeing a protracted effort from the Central government to connect with our ‘extended neighborhood’.

• This is obvious from the Look-East-turned- Act-East policy , Link West policy, etc.
• One of the significant corners in our extended neighborhood is Central Asia, with which we aim to re-connect, with our Connect Central Asia policy, pronounced in 2012.
• Central Asia as a podium has received renewed interest after the swearing-in of the new Government. India attaining full membership in the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation (SCO) , PM Modi’s historic visit to the five Central Asian countries, etc. stand testimony to this.
• INSTC, or International North-South Transport Corridor, receives special mention in India-Central Asia relations.

What is INSTC?

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The International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a multi-modal connectivity project that establishes transport networks (ship, rail, and road route) for moving freight between India, Russia, Iran, Europe, and Central Asia.

• The INSTC is designed to provide an alternative and shorter trade route between South Asia and Northern Europe. It connects the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea and further extends to Northern and Western Europe.
• It is not a new concept. This ancient route was used by European, Indian, and many other foreign traders to reach out to the Central Asian markets.
• During the time of the Safavid dynasty , it is estimated that around 10,000 Indian traders were spread across the empire. ( Safavids were one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia (modern Iran) from 1501 to 1736.)
• The current INSTC project was initiated by Russia, India, and Iran in September 2000 in St. Petersburg.
• The modern-day INSTC is a multi-modal transportation route linking the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea via Iran, and then onwards to northern Europe via St. Petersburg in Russia.
• The route primarily involves moving freight from India, Iran, Azerbaijan, and Russia via ship, rail, and road. The objective of the corridor is to increase trade connectivity between major cities such as Mumbai, Moscow, Tehran, Baku, Bandar Abbas, Astrakhan, Bandar Anzali etc.

Members of the project:

As noted earlier, the founding members are Russia, India and Iran. But since the signing of the agreement in 2002, the progress on the route has been slow.

But on January 18, 2012, a meeting in New Delhi discussed the various modalities to take the project forward. As a follow-up, support from other Central Asian nations was sought, and now the group has been expanded.

The current members are India, Iran, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, and Bulgaria (observer).

Turkmenistan currently is not a formal member but is likely to have road connectivity to the corridor, after being formally invited by PM Modi.

Azerbaijan and Armenia are heavily involved in the project with both countries currently building new train lines and roads to complete the missing links in the NSTC .

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The INSTC Route

• Mumbai is at the southern hub of the route.
• The route extends to Bandar Abbas in Iran via sea. Bandar Abbas is a sprawling port city on the southern coast of Iran, on the Persian Gulf. It occupies a strategic position on the narrow Strait of Hormuz.
• From Bandar Abbas to Bandar-e-Anzali by road on the Iranian mainland. Bandar-e-Anzali is another Iranian port but on the Caspian Sea side.
• From Bandar-e-Anzali to Astrakhan by ship across the Caspian Sea. Astrakhan is a Caspian port in the Russian Federation. The city lies on the two banks of the Volga River.
• From Astrakhan to other regions of the Russian Federation, and further into Europe by Russian Railways.

Additional Routes

• Azerbaijan route: The NSTC route through Azerbaijan allows India-Iran-Azerbaijan-Russia-Kazakhstan transport connectivity. Iran started construction work to complete the missing link of the Qazvin-Rasht-Astara railway
• Chabahar NSTC Integration : India and Iran have a long-standing agreement, signed in 2002, to develop Chabahar port into a full deep sea port. Bandar Abbas port handles 85% of Iran’s seaborne trade and is highly congested. Whereas, Chabahar has high capacity with plans to expand it from its current capacity of 2.5 million to 12.5 million tons annually. Unlike Bandar Abbas, Chabahar can handle cargo ships bigger than 100,000 tons. Industry Analysts have highlighted there are long-term plans to integrate Chabahar with the NSTC.
• The Kazakhstan – Turkmenistan – Iran railway link: also known as North–South Transnational Corridor, is a 677 km long railway line connecting Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan with Iran and the Persian Gulf.
• Southern Armenia-Iran Railway Corridor: As the key missing link in the International North–South Transport Corridor, the Southern Armenia Railway would create the shortest transportation route from the ports of the Black Sea to the ports of the Persian Gulf.
• Trans-Iranian canal: The idea of linking the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea by canal was developed in the late 19th century. In 2016 Russia Today reported that the Russian and Iranian governments were discussing the project.

Objectives of the North-South Transport Corridor

As per the agreement of 2002, the main objectives of this route are:

• increasing effectiveness of transport ties to organize goods and passenger transport along the International ‘North–South’ transport corridor;
• the promotion of access to the international market through rail, road, sea, river, and air transport of the State Parties to this agreement; and
• providing security of travel and safety of goods
• harmonization of transport policies as well as law and legislative basis in the field of transport to implement this Agreement.

Advantages of the route

• Analysts predict by having improved transport connectivity between Russia, Central Asia, Iran, and India, their respective bilateral trade volumes will increase. The Foreign Trade Policy of India, 2015-20, has highlighted the importance of the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) in expanding India’s trade and investment links with Central Asia.
• The successful activation of the corridor will help connect India to Russia within 16-21 days at competitive freight rates leading to the development of trade on the INSTC. At present, we have to either use the Rotterdam port or land route via China to reach Russia and Central Asia. These are long, expensive, and time-consuming.
• It is also expected to eliminate the usage of reefer containers for agro commodities and further support the supplies to Russia.
• A study conducted by the Federation of Freight Forwarders’ Associations in India found the route is, “30% cheaper and 40% shorter than the current traditional route”.
• For India, we can have access to the lucrative markets of Central Asia, by-passing the transit through Pakistan . Indian exports could potentially get a competitive advantage due to lower costs and less delivery time.
• The INSTC has particular economic and strategic relevance to India given the increasing regional ambitions of China through its One Belt, One Road Initiative. The proposed INSTC trade corridor could help India secure its interests in Central Asia and beyond.
• The potential of this route is manifold if India can bring on board its South East Asian neighbors too. The Suez Canal route takes 45-60 days, whereas the INSTC would take 25-30 days. Turkey has offered to provide the necessary information for linking the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) with INSTC.

Constraints

The successful implementation of the INSTC faces challenges such as geopolitical issues, infrastructure development, customs procedures, and political cooperation among participating countries.

• INSTC still doesn’t have a strong institutional mechanism to deal with the operational issues on the ground.
• Problems related to customs procedures and documentation remain.
• Issues relating to the funding of the infrastructure needed.
• Low level of existing containerization on the route.
• Lack of common border crossing rules among the participating nations.
• Higher tariff by rail vis-à-vis road transport relating to movement from Bandar Abbas.
• Wagon shortages.
• Security problems emanating from Islamic insurgents east, and west of the route, and the associated hurdle of high insurance costs.

Current Status

To understand the problem areas and to realize the full potential of the corridor, the dry run was conducted on the Nhava Sheva–Bandar Abbas (Iran)–Baku (Azerbaijan) and the Nhava Sheva–Bandar Abbas–Amirabad (Iran)–Astrakhan (Russia) route via the Caspian Sea in August 2014 by the Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations in India (FAI).

• The dry run report points out that “the proposed INSTC route via Bandar Abbas in Iran to Russia and CIS Destination in transit through Iran, could be the best route with optimal transit/cost for the Indian exporters/importers”.

The Ukraine war has prompted Russia to refocus attention on the INSTC. The Iranian government has also renewed its commitment to it.

The 2021 blockage of the Suez Canal has further served to highlight the INSTC as a necessary if not better alternative to the Canal.

INSTC is an ideal start to project India as a big global player. Even though the investment is well worth it with its economic, political, and geo-strategic benefits, it is testing India’s financial backbone. India can do well to rope in other interested parties for partnering in the project, like Japan which also sees Central Asia as a lucrative market for its products.

Read:  Global south

Article by: Jishnu J Raju

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July 9, 2016 at 9:58 pm

It will help the aspirants to get clear idea to crack the civil service exams.it acts as a guru to show the right way to aspirants.

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Sir. You are doing great work for all aspirants. Please provide a pdf file of important events of last one year for quick revision before prelims 2016.

July 28, 2016 at 1:03 pm

We didn’t expect such a little mistakes as you written neighborhood instead of neighbourhood.

July 28, 2016 at 2:12 pm

Hi Avi, ‘neighbourhood’ is Commonwealth English and ‘neighborhood’ is American English. As American English is the default in our platform, you may sometimes see these sort of spellings, but in the online age this is common usage.

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Sir, May I know the Profile ie. background of who is Jishnu J Raju who has written the article.

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currently an IAS officer

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Useful article thank you

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BRICS - Origin, Expansion, Challenges, BRICS Summit 2023

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Sub-Categories:

GS-II: International Relations & Institutions

Agenda of the BRICS

Evolution of brics summit, functioning of brics, initiatives of brics, india and brics, 15th brics summit 2023, expansion of brics, challenges of brics grouping, pyqs on brics, faqs on brics.

Prelims :  Current events of national and international importance

Mains :  Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

In a 2001 research paper that highlighted the growth potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, then-Goldman Sachs chief economist Jim O'Neill introduced the acronym BRIC, which at first did not include South Africa. The BRICS group, which encompasses  Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa,  represents a quarter of the world’s economy and about 40 per cent of the world’s population and has increasingly sought to be a counterweight to the dominance of Western-led forums like the Group of 7 and the World Bank.

BRICS, primarily the grouping of emerging economies with a focus on economic matters, gained significance amid geopolitical shifts, notably after the Ukraine conflict, elevating the importance of BRICS in recent periods.

The regular annual summit and deliberation of BRICS has considerably widened over the years to encompass topical global issues such as:

• International terrorism
• Climate change
• Food and energy security
• International economic and financial situation
• Reform of the Bretton Woods Institutions
• Trade protectionism and the WTO

The grouping was first informally formed during a meeting of the leaders of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries on the sidelines of the  G8 Outreach Summit in St.Petersburg, Russia, in 2006.  Later that year, it was formalised during the 1st BRIC Foreign Ministers' Meeting in  New York .

• 2009 : The  first BRIC  (BRICS minus South Africa) summit was held in  Yekaterinburg ,  Russia .
• 2010 :  South Africa  was accepted as a full member, and the group became BRICS. 
• 2011 :  South Africa  attended its first BRICS summit in  China .
• 2014 : The  Fortaleza Declaration  was adopted at the 6th BRICS Summit, and it marked the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB).
• 2015 : The  Ufa Declaration  of BRICS was adopted at the 7th BRICS Summit held in Ufa, Russia. It covers a range of topics, including global governance, international security, and economic cooperation.
• 2021 : The 13th BRICS Summit was held under  India’s Chairship  (virtual summit). It was the third time that India hosted the BRICS Summit after  2012  and  2016 .
• Also, cooperation in the fight against  COVID-19 , digital transformation, resilience and stability of industrial and supply chains, and low-carbon development.

Relations between BRICS partners are built on the  UN Charter , generally recognised principles and norms of international law, and the following principles:  openness, pragmatism, solidarity, non-bloc nature, and neutrality  with regard to third parties.

• In accordance with the acronym B-R-I-C-S, the members take turns serving as the forum's  chairman  on an annual basis.
• BRICS work is based on  action plans  approved during annual summits since 2010.

The BRICS countries have come together to deliberate on important initiatives under the three major pillars:

Political and Security Cooperation

To enhance cooperation and dialogue on issues of global and regional security and developments in the global political space for peace, security, and prosperity. Priorities under this pillar are the reform  of the multilateral system  and  Counterterrorism cooperation.

BRICS National Security Advisors’ meeting:

• An important component of the BRICS Political and Security Pillar of cooperation.
• Deliberations on security issues such as  counter-terrorism, cyber security, peace and stability, transnational organised crime, as well as the national security  of BRICS countries.

Economic and Financial Cooperation

To promote economic growth and development for mutual prosperity through the expansion of intra-BRICS cooperation in sectors such as  trade, agriculture, infrastructure, small and medium enterprises, energy, finance and banking.

Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA):

• It is a financial mechanism to protect against global liquidity pressures.
• CRA was established in  2015  to provide financial support to member countries that face balance of payments difficulties due to  short-term liquidity  pressures.
• The legal basis for the Establishment was signed at  Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2014 .
• The CRA's total lending capacity is $ 100 billion .

New Development Bank (NDB):

• NDB is a  multilateral development bank  established by BRICS with the purpose of mobilising resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in  emerging markets and developing countries (EMDCs) .
• The Agreement was signed during the BRICS Summit held in  Fortaleza in 2014,  and the Bank started operations in  2015 .
• Headquarters:  Shanghai, China, with  regional offices  in  South Africa and Brazil.
• Apart from the founding members,  Bangladesh  and  United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Uruguay  are the new members. The membership is open to members of the  United Nations.
• The  voting power  of each member shall equal its  subscribed shares  in the capital.
• However, the share of the BRICS nations can never be less than  55%  of the voting power. Also, none of the countries will have  veto power.
• NDB has so far committed  $32.8 billion  to 96 infrastructure and sustainable development projects.

BRICS Payment System:

• The BRICS nations are working towards establishing a payment system that can serve as a substitute for the  SWIFT payment system .
• It is considered an alternative to the dollar-dominated payment system to reduce the dependence on the dollar-based system.

Cultural and People-to-People Contacts

To qualitatively enrich and enhance intra-BRICS people-to-people contacts in  cultural, academic, youth, sports, and business  through regular exchanges, such as:

• BRICS Parliamentary Forum
• BRICS Film Festival
• BRICS Youth Summit
• BRICS Academic Forum (BAF)

India is an important member of the BRICS group, and its participation in the organisation has been beneficial in many ways. Some of the key reasons why BRICS is important for India are:

• Strategic cooperation : BRICS offers India a key platform for global engagement on security, terrorism, climate, and trade.
• Economic benefits:  As a BRICS member, India gains access to a large market of 3+ billion people, offering vast business opportunities. NDB funding supports India's development projects.
• Reform of multilateral institutions: As a member of BRICS, India has been able to work with other member countries to promote a more inclusive and equitable global order by promoting multilateral reforms.
• South-south cooperation:  India, as a leading member of BRICS, has been able to use the platform to promote south-south cooperation in areas such as trade, investment, and technology transfer.
• Pillar of the New World Order:  In the fifteenth BRICS Summit, after its expansion, the leaders called BRICS the pillar of the New World Order.
• Dilemma:  However, the challenge before India is to  choose between a China-centric or a West-centric world order  or balance the two.

The 15th BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg,  South Africa , from 22-24 August 2023.

The important highlights of the Summit are as follows:

• Theme: "BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Mutually Accelerated Growth, Sustainable Development and Inclusive Multilateralism".
• Gifts from India:  The PM of India gifted Bidri Surahi, Nagaland Shawl, and Gond Paintings to BRICS leaders.
• BRICS-Africa Outreach and BRICS Plus Dialogue:  India participated in the BRICS-Africa Outreach and BRICS Plus Dialogue:
• Participation:  The meeting included leaders from BRICS countries along with guest countries from Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
• Invitation for International Initiatives:  India extended invitations for countries to join international initiatives like the International Solar Alliance, One Sun One World One Grid, Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, One Earth One Health, Big Cat Alliance, and Global Centre for Traditional Medicine.
• Support for G20 Presidencies:  Backed Brazil and South Africa's G20 Presidencies in 2024 and 2025, focusing on global South representation.
• Opposition to Unilateral Measures:  Condemned unilateral coercive actions, advocated inclusive multilateralism, and upheld international law.
• Global Governance Enhancement:  Aimed to improve global governance through agility, efficiency, representation, and democratic accountability.
• Human Rights Cooperation:  Committed to cooperating on human rights under equality and mutual respect principles within BRICS and international platforms.
• Agriculture and Food Security:  Strived for fair agricultural trade, ending hunger, sustainable agriculture, and resilient practices.
• UN Reform:  Supported comprehensive UN reform, including the Security Council, for enhanced democracy, effectiveness, and developing country representation.
• Peaceful Conflict Resolution:  Committed to peaceful dispute resolution through dialogue and inclusiveness while recognising women's participation in peace processes.

More than 40 countries have expressed interest in joining BRICS, and 22 have formally asked to be admitted. Therefore, leaders of the BRICS in the  15th Summit  have  agreed on mechanisms for considering new members.

• First phase of expansion: The countries including Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE have received invitations to join BRICS. This new membership is set to take effect from January 1, 2024.
• China's strategic move for global influence.
• FOMO: Fear of missing out on a visible club.
• Limited options in other groups.
• Anti-western sentiment and Global South unity.
• Overlap with other groupings : There is a parallel grouping of democracies known as IBSA (India, Brazil, and South Africa), which can lead to overlap in mandates and pose a challenge for BRICS to manage
• Economic slowdown and trade disputes:  The ongoing economic slowdown and trade disputes among member states can impact the group's ability to achieve its objectives.
• Geopolitical tensions : The BRICS countries have different geopolitical interests and have been involved in regional conflicts and disputes. For example, China's  BRI ,  'string of pearls’ , and developments at the  Indo-China border  have raised tensions with India.
• The dominance of three countries: The overwhelming influence of Russia, India and Chinacould potentially hinder the ability of other members, such as Brazil and South Africa, to have a meaningful impact on the group's decisions and direction.
• Paradox of BRICS:  Despite several achievements, it began to lose its sparkle. The group may have lost its mojo, but numerous nations want to be admitted, thus showing the paradox of BRICS.
• In the 15th Summit of BRICS, Brazil's President proposed the creation of a common currency for BRICS nations to reduce vulnerability to dollar exchange rate fluctuations.
• Difference of opinion:  While Brazil sees a common currency as a means of reducing vulnerabilities and increasing payment options, other BRICS leaders have varying opinions.
• Challenges  of a BRICS currency include the need for banking and fiscal unions, macroeconomic convergence, and trade imbalances.
• De-dollarization would require numerous global entities to independently adopt other currencies.

Question 1:  Compare the significance of IBSA and BRICS in the context of India’s multilateral diplomacy  (UPSC Mains 2012)

Question 2:  India has recently signed to become a founding member of the New Development Bank (NDB) and also the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). How will the role of the two Banks be different? Discuss the strategic significance of these two Banks for India.  (UPSC Mains 2014)

Question 3:  Consider the following statements:  (UPSC Prelims 2016)

New Development Bank has been set up by APEC.

The headquarters of New Development Bank is in Shanghai.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (b)

Question 4:  The ‘Fortaleza Declaration’, recently in the news, is related to the affairs of  (UPSC Prelims 2015) 

ASEAN 

Question 5:  With reference to a grouping of countries known as BRICS, consider the following statements:  (UPSC Prelims 2014)

The First Summit of BRICS was held in Rio de Janeiro in 2009.

South Africa was the last to join the BRICS grouping.

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q) Who is the first President of the New Development Bank?

Mr. K.V. Kamath from India was appointed as the first President of the New Development Bank (2015-2020).

Q) How many times has India hosted the BRICS summit?

Till 2022, India hosted the BRICS Summits thrice in 2012, 2016, and 2021 respectively.

Q) What is BRICS' vision for global governance reform? 

BRICS members unite to reform global economic governance, advocating for IMF accountability through an independent mechanism. BRICS' potential lies in impactful global economic system reforms.

Q) How has BRICS delivered on people-to-people contact? 

BRICS nations emphasise people-to-people interactions in culture, sports, and more. Through open exchanges, they build connections, understanding, and relations, hosting forums like Young Diplomats and Civil BRICS.

Q) Why is BRICS significant? 

BRICS unites major emerging economies, representing 41% of the global population, 24% of world GDP, and 16% of world trade. It has driven global economic growth and covers political, economic, and cultural domains.

Q) What's the paradox of BRICS?

Despite achievements and cooperation, BRICS lost influence due to COVID-19, conflicts, and global economic stress. While facing internal differences, more nations aspire to join, highlighting the BRICS paradox.

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