1965 war in urdu essay

Today's Paper | May 20, 2024

Literary notes: the 1965 war and pakistani urdu literature.

The quote “the battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton” may be apocryphal, but it does underscore the importance of character-building the educational institutions of a nation are supposed to do.

The character of a nation is reflected in its soldiers. So it is not only the soldiers that fight a war, but it is the nation as well.

And the soldiers fight for what they love, as G.K. Chesterton has put it “the true soldier fights not because he hates what is in front of him, but because he loves what is behind him”.

Reciprocally, individuals, including poets, writers and intellectuals, put their weight behind the soldiers fighting for them.

Even in modern-day wars, intellectuals support the soldiers fighting for them and the examples abound.

When the United States joined in the First World War, for instance, the public sentiments quickly turned in favour of US intervention, backed by the intellectuals and philosophers such as John Dewey, and even the ones with the leftist leanings echoed the nationalist feelings.

American intellectuals like Randolph Bourne, who wrote against US going to war, were far and few between (Bourne had his own reasons, right or wrong, but at least he was not influenced by foreign-funded NGOs, unlike some of our intellectuals). The American and western journalists “embedded” with the forces fighting against Saddam Hussein were supporting their national interests, conveniently forgetting things like impartiality and the standards of objective reporting.

The 1965 Indo-Pakistani war saw an overwhelming support for the Pakistani armed forces from the Pakistani nation and everyone stood behind them (for they were the very people the true soldiers loved and fought for).

This included poets, writers, journalists and intellectuals. The Indian attack, wrote Dr Waheed Qureshi, bolstered a true sense of unity among the Pakistanis, which was hitherto not as deep as one would have desired. The introvert writers, romantic poets and the intellectuals who used to ask ‘should a writer be loyal to the country’ began reassessing their noncommittal stance.

The 1965 war jolted even the writers who were associated with Halqa-i-Arbab-i-Zauq and, as Shahzad Manzar has put it, were not convinced of the theories of utility or commitment in literature. Such literary circles feel, generally, that creative literature must dissociate itself from social or political ideologies and also from what may be perceived as ‘useful’.

The great aspect of the brief war was, Shahzad Manzar adds, that it caused to bring to surface suddenly an acute sense of patriotism among all and sundry. The petty differences were forgotten at once and we emerged as one, united nation.

The whole nation was in a trance-like condition, general public as well as our creative writers and poets. Even poets and writers connected with Halqa-i-Arbab-i-Zauq and progressive literary movement penned many literary pieces portraying the sentiments that had gripped the entire nation. The literature created during and after the 1965 war reflected an unprecedented flair and it strikes a chord with readers even today.

But it is a fact that it was the poets and song writers who led the way. Supported fully by Radio Pakistan, the poets helped lift the spirits of the nation and infuse a deep sense of commitment and loyalty to the motherland.

It is not possible to enlist here the large number of song-writers, but some of the Urdu poets whose songs reverberate in the memory of nation included, among others, Ehsan Danish, Rasees Amrohvi, Masroor Anwer, Fayyaz Hashmi, Hafeez Hosh­yarpuri, Soofi Tabassum, Jame­eluddin Aali and Himayat Ali Shaer.

Aside from the emotional war songs, many of which simply fall in the category of propaganda, some poems with profound meaning and lasting beauty were composed.

Some of such poems were penned, according to some researchers, by Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi, Naeem Siddiqi, Jeelani Kamran, Majeed Amjad, Muneer Niazi, Safdar Mir, Qateel Shifai, Shaurish Kashmiri, Farigh Bukhari, Shaer Lukhnavi, Ada Jafri, Amjad Islam Amjad, Sehba Akhter, Saqi Javed, Jafer Tahir, Mukhtar Siddiqi, Ahmed Faraz, and many others.

Dr Tahira Nayyar has mentioned in her thesis that even a romantic genre such as ghazal could not remain aloof and was taken in with the wave of patriotism that was sweeping all over. Traces of such emotions can be found in some ghazals of Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Ahmed Faraz and Mahir-ul-Qadri.

Some critics believe that Pakistani Urdu fiction could not come up on the occasion as forcefully as did Urdu poetry. But it is a fact that Urdu short story writers contributed their bit.

And one should not forget that, according to Shahzad Manzar, novel and short stories — unlike poems and songs — require a plot, characters, certain descriptive style and a story-like narrative and it is never easy to hastily put all these things together with a certain point of view and commitment.

Despite all this, a large number of Urdu short stories were written on the theme and events of 1965 war, albeit some of them read like reportage or sound like slogan-chanting. The short story writers who wrote some moving pieces on the topic included Intizar Hussain, Altaf Fatima, Masood Mufti and some others. In 1969, Masood Mufti published Rag-e-sang, a collection of short stories exclusively capturing the essence of the sacrifices and emotions of his fellow countrymen.

In the aftermath of war, newspapers and literary magazines published special issues on 1965 war and put together many important literary pieces written against the backdrop of the war.

Some of these literary magazines include Nuqoosh, Naqsh, Funoon, Adabi dunya, Saqi, Afkaar and Khatoon-i-Pakistan. And hardly any newspaper or magazine was there that did not publish an editorial or two on the war.

It is a fact that the 1965 war created a new sensibility in Pakistan’s Urdu literature. The intellectual circles were beset with new questions. Some of these issues were related to the creation of Pakistan, Pakistan as a geographical and ideological entity, writers’ commitment to the state (not the government) and Pakistani nationalism.

Ahmed Javed once wrote that 1965 war worked as a psychological catharsis for the nation. The issues such the definition of Pakistan ideology and Pakistani culture were raised and many books and articles were written as to what constitutes Pakistani culture and what do we mean when we say Pakistaniyat.

The study of literary and intellectual aspects of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war as reflected in Pakistani Urdu literature is indeed a topic fit for a PhD dissertation.

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Published in Dawn, September 7th, 2015

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Literary notes: The 1965 war and Pakistani Urdu literature

The 1965 Indo-Pakistani war saw an overwhelming support for the Pakistani armed forces from the Pakistani nation and everyone stood behind them (for they were the very people the true soldiers loved and fought for).

This included poets, writers, journalists and intellectuals. The Indian attack, wrote Dr Waheed Qureshi, bolstered a true sense of unity among the Pakistanis, which was hitherto not as deep as one would have desired. The introvert writers, romantic poets and the intellectuals who used to ask ‘should a writer be loyal to the country’ began reassessing their noncommittal stance. 

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Miracles in 1965 Indo-Pak War

• صاحب لڑی ایچ اے خان
• تاریخ ابتداء اگست 21، 2014

• اگست 21، 2014

Famous writer Mumtaz Mufti (1905-1995) mentioned spiritual aspects of 1965 war in his four books. Here extracts from all Four Books are presented to highlight the importance of these spiritual events. English Translation From his Books ( Summary of main events ) : (From Book:Alakh Nagri) http://www.defenceblog.org/2011/11/miracles-in-1965-indo-pak-war.html 1. A Saint of Lahore who never spoke before 1965 war and people called him ‘Chup Shah’. Suddenly started roaming and shouting in the streets, ‘O people, See what miracles God will show, Fear not, victory will be ours’ 2. People coming from Sialkot told, ‘We had seen hundreds of white horse riders whom were wearing white dresses. They had swords in their hands, and they were saying that they are going to battlefield’ ’ 3. Jang Newspaper received a letter from Madina Munawara, It was written that the day when Lahore was attacked, same night two people from Madina Munawara saw this dream that Holy Prophet (PBUH) is going on a horse. Humbly asked: Holy Prophet (PBUH), where are you going so quickly? Holy Prophet (PBUH) replied, ’Going on Jihad in Pakistan’ 4. Famous Hakeem Nayyar Wasti was in Madina Munawara during 1965 war. After coming back to Pakistan, he announced in public that A Lady who lived in Madina from last 18 years and she daily sat near the Holy grill of Roza-e-Rasool (PBUH). She told on 6 September that she saw Holy Prophet (PBUH) worriedly and quickly coming out. His Holy Hair was untied and concerned. She never saw Holy Prophet (PBUH) in such anxiousness and hurry before. 5. Nayyar Wasti Sahib said, A Saint who used to meet him in Roza-e-Rasool (PBUH) every day, disappeared on 6 September. One of his pupil told that He has gone to Pakistan for Jihad. 6. Another Saint told Nayyar Wasti that all the Shuhada (martyrs) were gone to Pakistan by riding the horses in the companionship of Shuhada-e-Badr. 7. Brother of Waqar-un-Nisa College’s Principal was working in PAF Peshawar during 1965 war. He told: A bomb was fallen in a Tank of Petrol but surprisingly it didn’t blast. 8. Indian Army, who was attacking on Sialkot city, stopped by looking vacant battlefield. They thought it was a game by Pakistan Army to encircle them. 9. Barq Sahib told in his statement that many bombs were descended on Sargodha but only two got blast away from the target even though all aircrafts were openly positioned on Sargodha Airport. 10. Qazi Sahib told Mumtaz Mufti during war that Saints are protecting Pakistan in the battlefield otherwise how it can be possible that 21 bombs have been descended in Rawalpindi but only 5 got exploded. On battlefield our 5 hundred soldiers look 5 thousand or 5 Lac to Indians. What can we say but victory will be ours. 11. Indian Soldiers’ statements were also very surprising. They said: ‘Army with swords gave us enormous losses. Light emanates from their swords’ Prisoners’ of Sialkot asked, ‘Who were those white dress soldiers in Pakistan Army ‘ A prisoner of Khemkaran told, ‘Horse riders in red dresses completely confused the Indian Army’ An Indian Pilot prisoner told, ‘In Multan, three Old Men were catching Indian bombs and throwing them away’ 12. Indian Pilots’ Statements: Indian XEN’s pilot son, who was caught during war due to bail out, told: ‘I don’t know what happened, I heard voices coming from all four sides that Bail out Bail out, even no Pakistani aircraft was tracing me. I got so much confused that I bailed out’ Indian General Kariepa’s son who was a pilot, got caught and told in his statement that I came to destroy River Ravi’s bridge but when I reached to River Ravi, there were six bridges instead of one. Another imprisoned Pilot told: ‘We came to attack Dwarka, weather was clear, situation was perfect but when we reached Dwarka, a heavy cloud suddenly jumped from nowhere and covered Dwarka’ 13. Many Pakistani journalists and writers who visited the different battlefields, told: ‘Wherever Indians surrendered, they did it due to misunderstanding because Pak Army was very small in numbers but Indians felt, Pak Army seemed to look more in numbers’  

خوش ہونے کو یہ خیال اچھا ہے!  

اسے معجزہ نہیں افسانہ کہتے ہیں۔  

زبردست ایوب خان  

ch farhan hussain

• فروری 10، 2015

جب قوم متخد ہوتی ہے تو بدر و اخد یونہی دہراے جاتے ہیں  

• Urdu Ghazals
• Two Lines Poetry

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6 September Speech in Urdu and English

September 6 Speech in Urdu

6 september essay in English

My Countrymen! 6 September 1965 is the day when India attacked Lahore, the city of vivacious and lively people of Pakistan.

When in 1947, undivided India got partitioned into two, the people of Jammu and Kashmir, with 95% Muslim population, proclaimed to join Pakistan but India ignoring the decision of Kashmiri people, entered its army into Kashmir. Upon this, Kashmiris defied this occupation and started struggle against Indian occupation. In some time, they succeeded to regain some area which is known as Azad Kashmir today. Indian Prime Minister at that time Jawahar Lal Nehru got ceasefire on assurance of organizing a referendum in Kashmir. According to the referendum, Kashmiris would be able to use their right of self-determination and choose to merge with Pakistan or India and this will be accepted to both Pakistan and India.

This was a elementary and just action. As when a dispute could be solved without a war, then it is better to stop the war.

But it never happened!

And then Kashmiris started their struggle to get their freedom back. In the wake of freedom struggle by Kashmiris, on September 6 1965, India waged a war on Pakistan. Tanks, cannons attacked Lahore in the darkness of night but self-respecting and lively people of Pakistan, along brave Pakistan Army made this attempt failed.

My countrymen! Pakistan president at that time, General Ayub Khan announced Jehad against Indian aggression. In the morning of September 6, 1965, he said: “India forgot that he challenged a nation who recites La Ilaha Illallah and they will respond befittingly.”

Indian army had entered some areas of Lahore but Pakistani brave soldiers, army men and people made them back off. Pakistan Airforce pilots destroyed 22 Indian jet fighters and gave heavy loss to the enemy.

Many of Pakistani soldiers got martyrdom in which Major Aziz Bhatti Shaheed’s name is on the top. Major Khadim Hussain and Lieutenant Iftakhar showed their braveness at Qasoor, Hadhiyara and Wagha.

In memory of those brave fighters of Pakistan, we observe September 6 as Defence Day of Pakistan every year. Each Pakistani youth and child offers Salam to martyrs of Pak Army.

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I am proud of Pakistan and pak army

Great one. Pakistan defence day speech.

Love you Pakistan

????????????????????????????love you so much Pakistan

we must join army to save our country☺????????????

Where can I get ayub Khan’s speech (written form)?

Pakistan zindabad

I love Pakistan

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1965 War analysed

Military Review

1965 War analysed • March 2022 • DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15440.38407 • Project: MILITARY HISTORY • Agha H Amin

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The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives

Matthew A Kosuta

This encyclopedia entry presents a brief overview of warfare in Thailand.

The present course examines the history of World War II in Asia and the conflicts and other problems it left in its wake. It examines roughly two decades of the history of all of East and South East Asia to understand the reasons why the war played out as it did and why the outcome manifested itself in the ways that it did. The course will introduce students to the major secondary works on the war in the theatre available in English as well as the major archival collections in London and published documents collections. The overall goal is to understand specifically the relationship between the experience of World War II and the postwar conflicts on their own terms instead of through the Cold War filter as historiography between the 1950s and the 1990s has tended to do until more recent revisionist historiography after the end of the Cold War. The course puts the military history of this period at the intersection of South, South East, and East Asia into its broader social, economic, and political contexts. It will show that many of the major developments, impacts, and controversies that arose out of the Asia Pacific Theatre of World War II, with serious implications for Asia, can only be fully understood by approaching the war as a phenomenon that was transnational and global from the beginning and not through national lenses nor through a later Cold War lens. At a general level, this course examines the relationship between the historical experience of World War II and the Wars of Independence that immediately followed in the region. Attention is devoted to the major players in the theatre, including Britain, the United States, China, India, Japan, and South East Asia, and how they viewed the conflicts within it and after in peculiar ways that were reflected in and reinforced by the historiography they produced both during and after the conflicts.

1965 Indo-Pakistan War: An Overview

Muhammad Hassan

Kashmir is the main bone of contention between India and Pakistan. It is the base of strained relations between both countries. Multiple talks and dialogues happened between the high officials of India and Pakistan but the issue remained unresolved. A major shift began in 1963 when the hair of Muhammad (S.A.W) was stolen from Hazrat Bal Mosque of Indian Occupied Kashmir. In 1964, Shiekh Abdullah was released and in 1965, he moved on foreign visit to Middle Eastern Countries where he presented the grievances of Indian Kashmiris and spoke about the right of self-determination of the Kashmiri people. On such act of Shiekh Abdullah, he was re-imprisoned in May 1965. Before the imprisonment of Shiekh Abdullah, small skirmishes happened on Rann of the Kutch region, a border area between the Indian State of Gujrat and the Sindh Province of Pakistan. However, Pakistan protected its territory and deterred Indian Forces. In June 1965, the Boundary Commission was set up to decide on the border issue of India and Pakistan in which they awarded a large border area to India. Operation Gibraltar was planned which aimed to galvanize revolt within Kashmir and this would provide an opportunity for Pakistan to occupy the remaining part of Kashmir. This strategy failed, resulting in the capture of guerilla who were planted by Pakistan for the galvanization of revolt in Kashmir. When Guerilla forces were captured by India, this led to the beginning of the War between India and Pakistan. This research paper has discussed the entire scenario of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 in detail.

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Pak India 1965 Battle Urdu Essay 6 September

Farrukh Nawaz September 2, 2015 News

6 th September is always celebrated by Pakistani people with delightful manner. Now in 2015 as you know 50 years have been completed of Indo-Pak battle (1965) . So, we are celebrating this year great persons of Pakistan. Many schools, colleges & universities arrange programs according to 6 th September 1965. Pakistan Army, Navy & Air force also play role to save Pakistan in 1965 battle.

Here you will find urdu speech / essay for schools and colleges related to Pak – India battle 1965. Check out Pakistan India 1965 war urdu essay. Download urdu essay Pakistan India battle Jang 1965 , 6 th September. Urdu essay Pak India jang 6 th September 1965. 6 September 1965 Pakistan India war urdu speech download. Indo Pak (1965) battle urdu speech download free.

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6th September 1965 Defence Day Essay and History

6th september 1965 war pakistan.

6th September 1965 Defence Day Essay and History : September 6, 1965, is the most important day in our military history.  This day reminds us of the days of the September War when the armed forces of Pakistan and the entire nation defended their freedom and national dignity against Indian aggression.  On that day, brave Pakistani citizens showed unprecedented solidarity with their armed forces and this war was the joint effort of Pakistani and armed forces which will continue to serve as a torch for future generations.

If you are looking for the 6th September 1965 war Pakistan and the 6th September 1965 Defence Day Essay and History then you are on the right page. you can also get the detail about What is National Defence Day? right here. 6th September 1965 war Pakistan in Urdu detail can also get here.

 On the morning of September 6, 1965, India attacked Pakistan.  It was his intention that he would have his breakfast at the Gymkhana in Lahore.  In fact, September 6 is a milestone in our national history.  On or about September 6, when our minds begin to relive this historic battle, we see how our cowardly, insidious and cowardly enemy, displaying his traditional cowardice, attacked our beloved country in the dark of night On this occasion, our awakened nation showed an unprecedented display of national unity and destroyed the evil ambitions of the enemy.

What is National Defence Day?

When the Indian political leadership saw that Kashmir was slipping away, in order to end the pressure on its army, without declaring war, it crossed the international border of Pakistan on the southern front of Kashmir and attacked Lahore with full force.  The Indian plan included breakfast in Lahore and drinking at the Gymkhana Club.  When the attack happened, the Pakistani army and Rangers started fighting the religion with full courage and bravery.

officers have sacrificed their lives to defeat the enemy.  The encounter of the Indian 15 Division in front of Batapur while marching towards T Road Lahore is a part of history.  The Pakistan Air Force immediately launched an attack on the enemy’s vehicles and soldiers.  The T-road props ran away leaving the dead bodies and the start vehicles.  Damaged vehicles and wreckage were seen everywhere.  The Pakistan Air Force had attacked so fiercely that they could not find a way to reach any shelter by crossing the road.

At the same time, the Pakistani army counter-attacked with such lightning speed that the Indian army was easily misled.  In the battle of Lahore, the Indian army tried to cross the canal by exerting strong pressure at the important point of Barki, but the company of Major Aziz Bhatti Nishan Haider surrounded them in the flames of gunpowder.  Major Aziz Bhatti was fighting relentlessly until he was martyred by a tank shell. Here you can get the 6th September 1965 Defence Day Essay and History in JPG format.

6th September 1965 Defence Day Essay and History 

What is Defence Day 6 September?

If you are looking for What is Defence Day 6 September? In Pakistan, Defense Day is recognized across the country as a day to remember the sacrifices made by Pakistani troops in protecting their borders. If you want to know What is National Defence Day? then you can read the complete article here. Hopefully, you got the 6th September 1965 Defence Day Essay and History right on this page.

Importance of Defence Day

The importance of Defence Day in Pakistan is admirable it’s an important day in the history of Pakistan This day is also known as Defence Day in Pakistan. At the present time, how the foot soldiers have to defend our border from the Indian Army is of great importance.

06 September Defence Day Essay

I wrote the article on September 6 Defense Day we tried to tell the Importance of Defence Day. In this article, I would like to tell you the importance of the 06 September Defence Day Essay on this page.

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• IAS Preparation
• This Day in History
• This Day In History August - 05

Second Indo-Pak War Begins - [August 5,1965] This Day in History

5 August 1965

Second Indo-Pak war begins

What happened?

The second Indo-Pak war began on 5 th August 1965. This war was fought over Kashmir and was initiated by Pakistan when between 26000 and 33000 Pakistani troops dressed as locals crossed over to the Indian side of the Line of Control (LOC). The war ended on 23 September 1965. This is an important event in India’s modern history and international relations for the IAS exam .

Background Indo-Pak War 1965

On August 5, 1965, Pakistani troops masquerading as Kashmiri locals crossed the LOC with the aim of starting an insurgency among the locals against the Indian government.

• This infiltration strategy was codenamed Operation Gibraltar . With this, Pakistan aimed to take control of Kashmir.
• India had suffered a defeat at the hands of China in 1962 and Pakistan thought that the Indian army would not be able to defend Kashmir.
• Operation Gibraltar was a failure since the presence of Pakistanis was reported to the Indian authorities by the locals themselves.
• The Indian Army retaliated and captured the Haji Pir Pass in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK).
• On 1 September, Pakistan put into action its Operation Grand Slam aimed at capturing the town of Akhnoor in Jammu.
• Although the Indian Army was taken by surprise by this move, Pakistan was not able to capture Akhnoor.
• India retaliated by attacking further south of the valley and successfully drove away the infiltrators from Kargil.
• The international border (Radcliffe Line) was crossed by India on 6 September which marked the official beginning of the war.
• The Indian Army captured certain areas in the Lahore district of Pakistan.
• This war, unlike the previous conflict in 1947-48, was fought on many fronts including in Rajasthan. This war also saw aerial combat between India and Pakistan for the first time.
• The war ended on 23 September 1965 after the United Nations Security Council called for an unconditional ceasefire from both India and Pakistan the previous day.
• Both the USA and the USSR intervened diplomatically to prevent further escalation of the conflict.
• The war was a victory for India even though Pakistan claims otherwise. Their stated aim of ‘liberating Kashmir’ did not succeed.
• Both countries held each other’s territory after the war. India held 1840 sq. km of the area while Pakistan held 540 sq. km.
• India had 3000 military casualties while Pakistan had 3800.
• Shastri died in Tashkent following a heart attack.
• This agreement compelled India and Pakistan to return the annexed areas to each other.
• Officially the war ended in a stalemate owing to international diplomatic pressure, but India emerged victorious considering the losses suffered by Pakistan.
• When India agreed to the ceasefire, there was a lot of protest by the people and the military in India who believed a decisive victory could have been possible.
• The ceasefire was in place until the Indo-Pak war of 1971. Read more on the Bangladesh Liberation War on This day in History dated March 26 .
• The pre-war intelligence failure leading to the 1965 Indo-Pak war was partly responsible for India setting up the Research & Analysis Wing (RAW) .

1965 Indo-Pak War UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

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