another meaning of coursework

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What is another word for coursework ?

Synonyms for Coursework:

Other synonyms:.

• master class
• work placement

Other relevant words:

• acknowledgment
• appointment
• arrangement
• body of work
• building block
• call on the carpet
• commencement
• commencement ceremony
• commencement exercise
• composition
• conceptualisation
• conceptualization
• course credit
• course of action
• crash program
• crash programme
• credit entry
• credit rating
• deferred payment
• designation
• deterrent example
• duty assignment
• emplacement
• extension phone
• extension service
• file name extension
• filename extension
• first appearance
• forward-looking
• graduation exercise
• instauration
• institution
• intromission
• lengthiness
• mental faculty
• newspaper publisher
• object lesson
• origination
• piece of work
• positioning
• preparedness
• presentation
• prolongation
• propagation
• public lecture
• put to work
• recognition
• remonstrate
• school assignment
• social class
• social unit
• socio-economic class
• sophisticated
• take to task
• telephone extension
• unit of measurement
• university extension
• dissertation
• formulation
• preparation
• functionality

What are the paraphrases for Coursework?

Paraphrases are highlighted according to their relevancy:, other related.

• Noun, singular or mass course .

What are the hypernyms for Coursework?

Other hypernyms:, what are the hyponyms for coursework, hyponyms for coursework (as nouns), what are the holonyms for coursework, holonyms for coursework (as nouns).

• act course of study , course , class , course of instruction .

Usage examples for Coursework

Famous quotes with coursework.

• Children learn and remember at least as much from the context of the classroom as from the content of the coursework . Lawrence Kutner
• According to a study by Achieve Incorporated, Texas is the first state to make a college-prep curriculum the standard coursework in high school, starting with this year's ninth grade class. Rick Perry
• For my part, seventeen years after my first PhD coursework , I still feel ill at ease with my grasp of many issues, and I am fairly confident that this is not just a question of limited intellect. Karthik Athreya
• Writers who have not taken a year of PhD coursework in a decent economics department (and passed their PhD qualifying exams), cannot meaningfully advance the discussion on economic policy. Karthik Athreya
• Life isn’t like coursework , baby. It’s one damn essay crisis after another. Boris Johnson

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Nearby words.

• coursewares
• coursing hares
• court action
• COURSEWORK synonyms at Thesaurus.com
• COURSEWORK synonyms and antonyms - Merriam-Webster dictionary
• Powerthesaurus.org - COURSEWORK synonyms
• Collins Dictionary - synonyms of COURSEWORK
• YourDictionary - another words for COURSEWORK

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[ kawrs -wurk , kohrs - ]

• the work required of a student in a particular course of study; classroom work .
• curricular studies or academic work .

/ ˈkɔːsˌwɜːk /

• written or oral work completed by a student within a given period, which is assessed as an integral part of an educational course

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Word history and origins.

Origin of coursework 1

Example Sentences

Derek Dodson is practicing with the Georgetown University soccer team for a rescheduled season while preparing for the resumption of senior coursework next week.

In San Diego, and throughout the state, an unconscionable number of students are failing or haven’t completed their coursework.

She took a full load of classes in the spring, summer and fall, and in November completed all the coursework for an undergraduate degree in psychology.

Pevzner, who took over the program in 2017, still heads into the field—though day to day he focuses more on developing coursework and swapping insights with similar programs around the world.

Although most schools have increased their offerings of online coursework, the number and sizes of in-person classes vary widely, as does the density of students in on-campus housing.

Digital art coursework at the Rhode Island School of Design simultaneous with an English Ph.D. at Yale?

Her pre-college education had been weak, and Leo was utterly unprepared for the academic part of the coursework.

An obsession with college preparation permeated all of our coursework.

The ad-hocs spent their time badmouthing the profs and tearing apart their coursework.

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  Vocabulary      

What is another word for Coursework ?

Synonyms for coursework course·work, this thesaurus page includes all potential synonyms, words with the same meaning and similar terms for the word coursework ., princeton's wordnet.

coursework noun

work assigned to and done by a student during a course of study; usually it is evaluated as part of the student's grade in the course

Matched Categories

How to pronounce coursework, how to say coursework in sign language, words popularity by usage frequency, how to use coursework in a sentence.

Karthik Athreya :

For my part, seventeen years after my first PhD coursework, I still feel ill at ease with my grasp of many issues, and I am fairly confident that this is not just a question of limited intellect.

Annie Zhu :

When coursework gets challenging and balancing academics with extracurriculars gets hard, remember to cut yourself some slack, because making mistakes is the best way to grow.

Mark Morgan :

The National Academy is actually one of the FBI's cornerstone programs, we put them in an environment where we facilitate coursework, and really facilitate the students coming together, and create an environment where they can exchange ideas right now with the twenty-first century challenges faced in law enforcement.

Writers who have not taken a year of PhD coursework in a decent economics department (and passed their PhD qualifying exams), cannot meaningfully advance the discussion on economic policy.

Use the citation below to add these synonyms to your bibliography:

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"Coursework." Synonyms.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2024. Web. 12 May 2024. < https://www.synonyms.com/synonym/Coursework >.

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Are we missing a good synonym for Coursework ?

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• course of study noun
• course session noun
• courser noun
• Coursework noun
• court card noun
• court favor verb
• court favour verb
• court game noun

Alternative searches for Coursework :

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Definition of 'coursework'

Coursework in british english.

coursework in American English

Examples of 'coursework' in a sentence coursework, trends of coursework.

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Synonyms of of course

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Thesaurus Definition of of course

Synonyms & Similar Words

• needless to say
• on the whole
• customarily
• traditionally
• conventionally

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• extraordinarily
• untypically
• irregularly
• anomalously

Thesaurus Entries Near of course

Cite this entry.

“Of course.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/of%20course. Accessed 12 May. 2024.

More from Merriam-Webster on of course

Nglish: Translation of of course for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of of course for Arabic Speakers

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Definition of coursework noun from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary

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adverb as in as expected

Weak matches

• by all means
• indubitably
• undoubtedly
• without a doubt

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Example sentences.

Living in a sort of dreamtime characterizes experience now, as the Moon is void-of-course a few times this week.

With the Moon squaring Jupiter then void-of-course, a financial opportunity may be riskier than it appears.

Some void-of-course Moon maneuvers provide desired emotional detachment.

The foolishness would not be so noticeable if the Brokenness were not so hideous and genuine and actual and matter-of-course.

Even speak his decision for him, as though it were a matter-of-course.

At evening he went home with Mr. Hobart in the most matter-of-course way.

Not merely the politicians but the bulk of the people accepted this in a matter-of-course way as the only proper attitude.

The people accepted and practiced in a matter-of-course way as quite proper things which they would not now tolerate.

Related Words

Words related to of course are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word of course . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.

adverb as in yes

adverb as in without a doubt

• unquestionably
• without fail

adverb as in without doubt

adverb as in certainly

• determinedly
• emphatically
• no holds barred
• no ifs ands or buts
• no strings attached
• straight-out
• terrifically
• unequivocally
• unmistakably

adverb as in certainly; most likely

• indisputably
• without doubt

Viewing 5 / 19 related words

On this page you'll find 29 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to of course, such as: by all means, certainly, definitely, indeed, indubitably, and naturally.

From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.

Health Care Economics

Explore the economic forces shaping us health care.

Taught by Harvard Medical School faculty, this Harvard Online course provides insights into the interactions between industries in the US health care sector and teaches what economic forces are shaping health care.

What You'll Learn

Why is health care spending so high in the US? What are the primary drivers of rising health care costs? What is the relationship between finance and health care? How does money shape your decision-making as a patient, provider, or payer? Is a sustainable healthcare architecture possible?

Even for those within the health care industry, the economics of the United States health care system are stunningly complex and can be challenging to navigate. In Health Care Economics, gain insights into the interactions between industries in the health care sector and learn what economic forces are shaping health care. You will cover core topics in health care economics, such as moral hazard and adverse selection, and examine how these forces, as well as the actions of patients, providers, and other key stakeholders, shape outcomes in the health care market.

Balancing the needs of patients and purchasers is a daily struggle for health care leaders and central to the success of any health care business. To make this happen, clinical, research, operational, and financial leaders need a shared understanding of the true drivers of health care spending, the policies that shape and define the sector, and how financial incentives impact both patient and provider behavior. This course will examine health care spending growth, considering new technologies and other economic factors, and explore the theoretical framework behind controlling spending growth through changes to benefit design and payment reform.

Delivered via Harvard Business School Online’s innovative course platform, Health Care Economics features real-world examples, interactive lessons, and conversations with industry experts. Led by Harvard Medical School professor Michael Chernew, PhD, Chair of The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC), this course allows you to gain a better understanding of core economic principles as you learn how to create more compelling programs, develop more effective growth strategies, negotiate better reimbursement contracts and partnerships, and advocate more effectively both inside and outside your organization.

The Harvard Medical School is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

The Harvard Medical School designates this enduring material for a maximum of  19.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ . Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Upon successful completion of the course, participants will have access to claim their credits through the Harvard Medical School’s continuing education platform.

The course is part of the Health Care Leadership Learning Path  and will be delivered via  HBS Online’s course platform .  Learners will be immersed in real-world examples from experts at industry-leading organizations. By the end of the course, participants will be able to:

• Articulate the drivers of spending and spending growth in health care and evaluate how your organization’s strategy and decision-making processes impact total spending as well as value
• Describe approaches to getting the incentives right for both providers and patients and evaluate the impacts of changes to these incentives
• Understand risk and pooling as they relate to insurance markets and health benefit design
• Define the role of employers, insurers, and government in influencing the economics of health care markets, such as spending, access to care, and stability of insurance markets
• Explain how technology and patients’ and providers’ decisions contribute to high spending and spending growth, and how they impact their own organizations

Your Instructor

Michael Chernew, PhD,  is the Leonard D. Schaeffer Professor of Health Care Policy at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Chernew’s research examines several areas related to improving the health care system, including studies of novel benefit designs, Medicare Advantage, alternative payment models, low-value care, and the causes and consequences of rising health care spending. Dr. Chernew is currently serving as Chair of the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC), where he previously served as the Vice Chair and as a Member. In 2000, 2004, and 2010, he served on technical advisory panels for the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) that reviewed the assumptions used by Medicare actuaries to assess the financial status of Medicare trust funds. He's a member of the Congressional Budget Office’s Panel of Health Advisors and Vice Chair of the Massachusetts Health Connector Board. Dr. Chernew is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a Senior Visiting Fellow at MITRE. He's currently a co-editor of the  American Journal of Managed Care  and on advisory boards for several private companies in the health care space, including Virta Health, Archway, and HEALTH[at]SCALE.

Real World Case Studies

Affiliations are listed for identification purposes only.

MATTHEW HUTTER, MD, MPH

SANDHYA RAO, MD

Dr. Sandhya Rao is chief medical officer for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts , the largest private health plan in Massachusetts. Learn from Rao about the challenges in health insurance today.

JOSEPH NEWHOUSE, PHD

Available discounts and benefits for groups and individuals.

Experience Harvard Online by utilizing our wide variety of discount programs for individuals and groups. 

Past participant discounts.

Learners who have enrolled in at least one qualifying Harvard Online program hosted on the HBS Online platform are eligible to receive a 30% discount on this course, regardless of completion or certificate status in the first purchased program. Past Participant Discounts are automatically applied to the Program Fee upon time of payment.  Learn more here .

Learners who have earned a verified certificate for a HarvardX course hosted on the  edX platform  are eligible to receive a 30% discount on this course using a discount code. Discounts are not available after you've submitted payment, so if you think you are eligible for a discount on a registration, please check your email for a code or contact us .

Nonprofit, Government, Military, and Education Discounts

For this course we offer a 30% discount for learners who work in the nonprofit, government, military, or education fields. 

Eligibility is determined by a prospective learner’s email address, ending in .org, .gov, .mil, or .edu. Interested learners can apply below for the discount and, if eligible, will receive a promo code to enter when completing payment information to enroll in a Harvard Online program. Click here to apply for these discounts.

Gather your team to experience Health Care Economics and other Harvard Online courses to enjoy the benefits of learning together: 

• Single invoicing for groups of 10 or more
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Learn more and enroll your team ! 

Who Will Benefit

Rising Leaders

Develop a comprehensive understanding of the health care landscape, including the key drivers of rising US health care spending.

Administrators and Policy Makers

Gain insights into strategic decisions around new business initiatives, health benefit plans, reimbursement contract negotiations, and care delivery models.

Understand the financial impacts of new technologies and services and how to create value-based care for patients.

Learner Testimonials

“This is an amazing course. The professor did a fantastic job dissecting the complexities of healthcare into chewable chunks.”

Howard H. Dinh, MD, FACC Medical Director, Cardiac Services, Greater Sacramento The Permanente Medical Group and Chief, Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente, South Sacramento

“This is now my fourth HBS online course that I have taken. I love that the format lets me learn asynchronously when I have time in my busy schedule. The HBS courses do a wonderful job encouraging interaction with peer learners which amplifies the learning. The HBS courses foster this peer engagement much more effectively than I have found in other online courses that I have taken.”

Denver Sallee III, MD Chief Financial Officer, Sibley Heart Center Cardiology and Associate Professor of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine

“This is a very well designed course to understand the nuances of the US healthcare system economics. The videos and the guest talks were very helpful to understand the real world examples. The discussion surrounding the RAND experiment was very useful to understand many key concepts. Overall a very good course.”

Krishna K. Chotneeru, MPH Associate Director, Data Science & Statistics Alnylam Pharmaceuticals

Syllabus and Upcoming Calendars

Health Care Economics provides insights into the interactions between industries in the health care sector and teaches what economic forces are shaping health care.

Learning requirements: There are no required prerequisites to enroll in this course. In order to earn a Certificate of Completion from Harvard Online, participants must thoughtfully complete all 6 modules, including associated assessments, by stated deadlines.

Download Full Syllabus

Download October 2023 Calendar 

Download January 2024 Calendar 

• Why is health care so expensive?
• Why is health care spending growing?
• Make health care spending growth predictions.
• Compare US health care costs to costs in other countries.
• Analyze the math behind health care spending.
• Examine sources of waste in the health care industry.
• Explore the role of technology in health care spending growth.
• What role should patients play in making important choices about their care?
• What role should money play in the decisions of patients?
• Interpret demand curves.
• Explore willingness to pay for health care.
• Evaluate different solutions to inefficient consumption of care, such as moral hazard.
• What role should the provider play in determining care patterns?
• How do provider behavior and competition influence care?
• Analyze clinical decision-making.
• Recognize supplier-induced demand and the consequences of the medical arms race.
• Explore practice ownership trends.
• Determine whether prevention programs and care coordination are cost saving.
• What is the role of insurance in health care?
• Why is the risk pool for health insurance so important and how do we manage it?
• Explore risk preferences.
• Calculate actuarially fair premiums to understand what health insurance is and how it works.
• Examine solutions for solving some of the problems with insurance.
• Evaluate policy proposals for dealing with information asymmetry and adverse selection.
• How can we design insurance plans to promote efficient consumer decision-making?
•  Explore patient decision-making in health care.
• Analyze different approaches for improving patient incentives.
• Understand the benefits of value based care and insurance.
• Strategies for implementing value-based healthcare and insurance designs.
• How do we structure payments to promote efficient provider decision-making?
• Explore provider decision-making in health care.
• Analyze different approaches for improving provider incentives.

Earn Your Certificate

Enroll today in Harvard Online's Health Care Economics course.

Still Have Questions?

What are the learning requirements? How do I list my certificate on my resume? Learn the answers to these and more in our FAQs.

Related Courses

Digital health.

Digital technologies and big data offer tremendous opportunities to improve health care.

Health Care Strategy

Learn from HBS Professor Leemore Dafny how to align the principles of business strategy with the unique challenges and structures of health care organizations to capture value, define your mission, and lead your organization to success.

Innovations in Teamwork for Health Care

In this course, experts from Harvard Business School and the T.H. Chan School of Public Health teach learners to implement a strategy for organizational teamwork in health care.

More From Forbes

Today’s nyt ‘connections’ hints and answers for saturday, may 11.

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Find the links between the words to win today's game of Connections.

Looking for Friday’s Connections hints and answers? You can find them here:

Welcome to the weekend, folks! I hope it’s a banger for you, as the young folks might say.

Today’s NYT Connections hints and answers are coming right up.

How To Play Connections

In Connections , you’re presented with a grid of 16 words. Your task is to arrange them into four groups of four by figuring out the links between them. The groups could be things like horror movie franchises, a type of verb or rappers.

There’s only one solution for each puzzle, and you’ll need to be careful when it comes to words that might fit into more than one category. You can shuffle the words to perhaps help you see links between them.

Each group is color coded. The yellow group is usually the easiest to figure out, blue and green fall in the middle, and the purple group is typically the hardest one to deduce. The purple group often involves wordplay, so bear that in mind.

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Select four words you think go together and press Submit. If you make a guess and you’re incorrect, you’ll lose a life. If you’re close to having a correct group, you might see a message telling you that you’re one word away from getting it right, but you’ll still need to figure out which one to swap.

If you make four mistakes, it’s game over. Let’s make sure that doesn’t happen with the help of some hints, and, if you’re really struggling, today’s Connections answers.

What Are Today’s Connections Hints?

Scroll slowly! Just after the hints for each of today’s Connections groups, I’ll reveal what the groups are without immediately telling you which words go into them.

Today’s 16 words are:

And the hints for today’s groups are:

• Yellow group — the main draw, the top act
• Green group — Dracula deterrents
• Blue group — publications that deal in humor and irony, often to make a point about culture and world events
• Purple group —

What Are Today’s Connections Groups?

Need some extra help?

Be warned: we’re starting to get into spoiler territory.

Today’s groups are...

• Yellow group — one with top billing
• Green group — vampire vulnerabilities
• Blue group — satirical publications, familiarly
• Purple group — club ____

What Are Today’s Connections Answers?

Spoiler alert! Don’t scroll any further down the page until you’re ready to find out today’s Connections answers.

This is your final warning!

Today’s Connections answers are...

• Yellow group — one with top billing (HEADLINER, LEAD, PRINCIPAL, STAR)
• Green group — vampire vulnerabilities (CROSS, GARLIC, SILVER, SUN)
• Blue group — satirical publications, familiarly (CRACKED, LAMPOON, MAD, ONION)
• Purple group — club ____ (MED, MUSIC, SANDWICH, SODA)

That makes it three straight perfect games and a 10-day streak overall.

For the second time in a few days, I got all the groups in order without many issues. The greens jumped out at me immediately, but I left that as a safety group of sorts. HEADLINER gave me an entry point into the yellows, and I then got the greens.

LAMPOON let me quickly figure out the blues. I deduced the purple connection before submitting that for victory.

That’s all there is to it for today’s Connections clues and answers. Be sure to check my blog for hints and the solution for Sunday’s game if you need them.

P.S. Since we’re in a vampire kinda mood today, allow me to suggest that you watch (or rewatch) Blade . I went back to it a few months ago and it holds up pretty well. It’s one of the coolest depictions of vampires in movie history, and that opening bloodbath scene is still pretty great.

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Digital twins: The art of the possible in product development and beyond

Industrial companies around the world rely on digital tools to turn ideas into physical products for their customers. These tools have become increasingly more powerful, flexible, and sophisticated since the 1960s and 1970s, when computers first began replacing drawing boards in design offices. Today, product life-cycle management (PLM) has become engineers’ first language: PLM systems help companies to capture, codify, process, and communicate product knowledge across their organizations.

About the authors

This article is a collaborative effort by Mickael Brossard , Sebastien Chaigne, Jacomo Corbo, Bernhard Mühlreiter , and Jan Paul Stein, representing views from McKinsey’s Operations Practice.

Yet as engineering tools have become more capable, the demands placed upon them have also increased. Product functions are increasingly delivered through a combination of hardware and software. Sensors and communications capabilities allow products to offer more features and to respond more effectively to changing operating conditions and user requirements. Advanced, adaptable user interfaces have simplified the operation of complex and sophisticated machines.

Evolving business models are also blurring the boundaries between design and use. Customers expect the performance and functionality of products to improve during their life cycle, enabled by over-the-air software updates or the ability to unlock new features as needed. Many products operate as part of an ecosystem of related products and services. Increasingly, customers are not buying products outright, but paying for the capabilities they provide on a per-use or subscription basis.

The birth of the digital twin

These changing requirements have triggered a transformation in digital product representation and the creation of a new tool: the digital twin. Digital twins combine and build upon existing digital engineering tools, incorporating additional data sources, adding advanced simulation and analytics capabilities, and establishing links to live data generated during the product’s manufacture and use. A conventional PLM system uses one digital model to represent each variant of a product. A digital twin, by contrast, may have one model for each individual product, which is continually updated using data collected during the product’s life cycle.

The digital-twin approach can be applied to products, manufacturing processes, or even entire value chains. In this article, we will focus on their application to products, specifically to product design.

Digital twins offer multiple potential benefits for product-based companies and users. They can aid design optimization, reduce costs and time to market, and accelerate the organization’s response to new customer needs. Digital twins can also be a critical enabler of new revenue streams, such as remote maintenance and support offerings and “as a service” business models.

Based on the experience of companies that have already adopted the approach, we estimate that digital-twin technologies can drive a revenue increase of up to 10 percent, accelerate time to market by as much as 50 percent, and improve product quality by up to 25 percent. Digital-twin technology  is becoming a significant industry. Current estimates indicate that the market for digital twins in Europe alone will be around €7 billion by 2025, with an annual growth rate of 30 to 45 percent. 1 Infinium; MarketsandMarkets; MarkNTel Advisors; Meticulous Market Research; Mordor Intelligence; SBIS; Technavio, last accessed April 2020.

Digital twins in practice

Companies in many different industries are already capturing real value by applying digital twins to product development , manufacturing, and through-life support (exhibit).

An automotive OEM, for example, has used the digital-twin approach to create a concept configurator for early phase development . The start of the development process is especially challenging for complex products because the various stakeholder groups, such as sales, engineering, and finance, may have different or even contradictory product requirements. The OEM now balances these trade-offs using a digital concept configurator that allows for simultaneous evaluation of customer requirements, technical concepts, and product costs. When a technical concept within a system or subsystem of the product is changed, the implications for meeting customer requirements or product cost targets become immediately transparent.

Would you like to learn more about our work in Product Digital Twins ?

Using the configurator within cross-functional development teams has helped the OEM to reallocate 5 to 15 percent of a new vehicle’s material costs to the attributes that drive the most customer value. Applying the approach to select customer-facing components has allowed the company to optimize costs and customer value simultaneously, improving the contribution margin of those parts by 5 to 10 percent. As a further benefit, the configurator helped the team reduce the time taken to reach agreement on changes by 20 percent, thus accelerating time to market.

Digital twins are even being used to replicate systems in complex mission scenarios. Using this approach, one aerospace and defense player has cut the time required to develop advanced products by 30 to 40 percent. The digital twin also aids discussion with customers during the development process, helping the company validate and improve its designs.

In the consumer electronics sector, a company is using product digital twins to boost quality and supply chain resilience . It stores detailed information on the content of its products, including the exact source of individual components. In the event of quality issues during production or early failures in the field, the company can trace problems back to specific supplier facilities, then take appropriate action to prevent reoccurrence of the issue. An automotive supplier uses the same approach to trace quality deviations in its production through to the upstream supply chain, and in the process has reduced scrap by 20 percent.

Digital twins are increasingly being used to improve future product generations . An electric-vehicle (EV) manufacturer, for example, uses live data from more than 80 sensors to track energy consumption under different driving regimes and in varying weather conditions. Analysis of that data allows it to upgrade its vehicle control software, with some updates introduced into new vehicles and others delivered over the air to existing customers.

Developers of autonomous-driving systems , meanwhile, are increasingly developing their technology in virtual environments. The training and validation of algorithms in a simulated environment is safer and cheaper than real-world tests. Moreover, the ability to run numerous simulations in parallel has accelerated the testing process by more than 10,000 times. Incorporating sensor data from real-world vehicles into these tests helps companies improve the veracity of their simulations and identify blind spots in the virtual test database.

The mainstreaming of additive manufacturing

A company in the renewable-energy sector is using a digital twin to automate, accelerate, and improve the engineering of hydroelectric turbines . Using the machine learning system to evaluate the likely performance of the new designs allowed it to rate more than a million different designs in seconds rather than the hours required for conventional computational flow dynamics (CFD) analysis. The winning geometry delivers the maximum theoretical performance, significantly higher than what is achievable by conventional optimization methods. Moreover, by using machine learning, the overall end-to-end design cycle time was cut in half compared with the conventional approach.

Digital twins in three dimensions

Digital twins can take many different forms. Organizations that want to take advantage of digital-twin technologies must select an appropriate form that will enhance its technical and business objectives. The design of a digital twin can vary across three dimensions (exhibit).

The first dimension encompasses the value chain steps that the digital twin will cover. An engineering twin covers value chain steps similar to those covered by conventional PLM systems, ranging from product definition to detailed engineering. A production twin replicates a product throughout the manufacturing process, incorporating data such as the components, materials, and process parameters used, as well as the results of tests and quality checks. A service twin incorporates data collected from the product in use, such as operating modes, performance, diagnostic information, and maintenance history. The most sophisticated digital twins span multiple parts of the value chain, allowing in-service data to optimize manufacturing processes or future design iterations.

The second dimension is the scope of the digital twin. A product may consist of several major systems, multiple subsystems, and hundreds or thousands of hardware and software components. Some digital twins cover only one or several components, for example, those that simulate the flow of liquids through a pipe. Others cover a full product, for example, those that simulate a car’s crash characteristics. Given the limitations of computing power, generally, the narrower the scope of a digital twin, the more precise its virtual replica will be. In contrast, full-product digital twins often need to abstract or simplify certain product behaviors to remain manageable.

The final dimension of a digital twin is its degree of sophistication . The simplest digital twins consist of various sources of data relating to a product, often from sources that have few or no links with one another. The second level of sophistication uses traditional simulation tools to perform analyses of design performance and integrate the various sources through a PLM system or similar platform.

At the third level of sophistication, a digital twin will use predictive or prescriptive analytics, as well as machine learning technology to run automated simulation refinements and yield new insights. This allows design and manufacturing teams to make informed decisions based upon direct results and performances.

At the last level of sophistication, digital twins use predictions of component failure rates or performance variations to react to changing environments and manipulate the real-world counterpart in a closed-loop setup. This approach might be used in a condition monitoring system, for example, where sensor data and simulations are combined to make inferences and predictions about the state and behavior of a specific product, and might allow a machine to compensate for wear or variations in operating conditions by adjusting parameters in real time.

Companies in other sectors are also starting to use digital twins to derive deeper insights into customer behaviors and preferences . For example, white-goods manufacturers can use data from in-service products to identify the most and least used features. That can inform future product development decisions, such as deleting rarely used features or revising the user interface to make the features more accessible.

The adoption of digital twins is currently gaining momentum across industries, as companies aim to reap the benefits of various types of digital twins. Given the many different shapes and forms of digital twins (see sidebar, “Digital twins in three dimensions”), and the different starting points of each organization, a clear strategy is needed to help prioritize where to focus digital-twin development and what steps to take to capture the most value.

How to start and succeed on your digital-twin journey

Embarking on a digital-twin journey can look daunting at first sight, especially since the breadth and depth of use cases can span the entire corporate landscape, including product portfolio choices, business model design, R&D, manufacturing, and through-life support.

This versatility can also be a strength, however, as it allows companies to start small and expand the scope, sophistication, and value-chain coverage of their digital-twin projects over time. The experience of companies that have applied digital twins in their own product operations leads to a few simple rules that can greatly increase your odds of success.

Define your aspirations

Be aware of digital-twin best practices. Do your homework and seek out perspectives on best practices and future trends in digital-twin technology. Assess and prioritize the elements of your vision. Evaluate the potential of digital-twin-related opportunities and prioritize them into an implementation road map.

Be clear about the business case. Quantify the value offered by different digital-twin opportunities and determine the minimum level of model sophistication required to generate that value. Successful projects focus on short development times and rapid ROI.

Test the waters by prototyping select use cases. Run a series of hackathons (possibly supported by digital-twin specialists) to assess your capabilities’ baseline, develop solution prototypes, refine, and adjust the initial concepts. This step calibrates the approach and prevents you from losing time and resources by attempting an impossible plan. It is part of a broader value assurance move aimed at bringing the entire project to a successful conclusion.

Know your strengths

Perform a maturity assessment. Understand your current digital product development capabilities along six main dimensions: development methodologies, PLM governance, data strategy, business processes, system complexity, and collaboration. Understanding the areas where you are most advanced and where you are lagging behind will help prioritize areas of investment for a balanced implementation of a digital twin and its use cases.

Access to appropriate talent and capabilities can make or break a digital-twin initiative. Many organizations need to develop additional expertise in areas such as advanced simulation and modeling or data analytics for user experience design.

Plan a step-by-step, agile implementation

Invest several months in developing a minimum viable product (MVP). Incubate a cross-functional, agile team dedicated to bringing priority use cases to life and building digital capabilities in the process. The MVP is now the must-do approach to maximize value gains from the start rather than waiting until the program is finalized before experiencing the first benefits.

Perform an MVP retrospective to pivot or persevere. Derive lessons from the first MVP phase to confirm your digital-twin aspirations or pivot them based on the findings (for example, the validity of use cases, complexity of implementation, and maturity of the organization). This is the second value assurance move that enables you to further calibrate the implementation plan and revise the scope to avoid generating sunk costs.

Scale up the digital-twin initiative and accelerate ROI. Optimize and standardize implementation based on insights from the MVP phase. Define an (internal or external) recruiting and capability-building strategy. Build an operating model to enable rapid scaling of successful approaches. The most advanced organizations typically consider digital-twin technologies a core strategic capability.

By following these simple best practices, you will be able to reap the benefits of digital twins in a scalable, progressive way. Are you ready?

Mickael Brossard is a partner in McKinsey’s Paris office, where Sebastien Chaigne is an associate partner; Jacomo Corbo is a partner in the London office; Bernhard Mühlreiter is a partner in the Vienna office; and Jan Paul Stein is an associate partner in the Munich office.

The authors wish to thank Roberto Argolini, Elia Berteletti, Kimberly Borden, Akshay Desai, Hannes Erntell, Alessandro Faure Ragani, Anna Herlt, Mark Huntington, Mithun Kamat, Michele Manzo, and Alessandro Mattozzi for their contributions to this article.

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Ariana Grande Makes Another Reference to Wicked at the Met Gala 2024

By Kase Wickman

The Met Gala 2024 red green carpet just got a little more… Wicked .

Ariana Grande arrived at the 2024 Met Gala on Monday, returning to the star-studded event for the first time since 2018.

The “We Can't Be Friends” singer wore an ethereal gown with soft pastels and pink shades peeking through creamy white. The strapless Loewe gown featured a bodice made of actual mother of pearl, a draped drop waist, and a flowing, pleated skirt and train. She said that the gown is a nod to her character in the upcoming Wicked , meant to reflect the giant magical bubble that serves as her signature mode of transport.

Ahead of the release of the two-part film adaptation of the Broadway musical Wicked (which itself is based on the Gregory Maguire novel, also called Wicked , which is an adaptation of L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ), in which Grande plays Glinda the Good Witch, Grande has treated the world as her press tour runway, repeatedly reaching for high-fashion pieces in different shades of pink, channeling her characters propensity for the rosy hue. For the Oscars 2024 in March, Grande wore a candy-pink custom Giambattista Valli Haute Couture ruched column gown , accented by a voluminous piece that seemed to span the distance between cape, overskirt, and train, all in one.

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Towns reeling across central US after another round of deadly severe weather decimates towns

Osage county emergency management officials confirmed to fox weather that at least one person was killed when the tornado cut through barnsdall, oklahoma..

More than 300 storm reports received as deadly severe weather roared across central US

The National Weather Service said it received more than 300 storm reports over the past 24 hours as deadly severe weather, including tornadoes, tore across portions of the central U.S. Monday night and Tuesday morning.

BARNSDALL, Okla. – Residents in communities across the central U.S. are once again sifting through the debris of destroyed homes and businesses after severe weather and tornadoes ripped across the region from Monday night into Tuesday morning, leaving at least one person dead and causing catastrophic damage in a city north of Tulsa in Oklahoma .

A Tornado Emergency was issued for Osage County in Oklahoma when the National Weather Service said a "large and destructive tornado" that was causing catastrophic damage was moving toward Barnsdall .

Aerial video shows devastation in Barnsdall, Oklahoma, after deadly tornado

Residents in communities across the central U.S. are once again sifting through the debris of destroyed homes and businesses after severe weather and tornadoes ripped across the region from Monday night into Tuesday morning, leaving at least one person dead and causing catastrophic damage in a city north of Tulsa in Oklahoma.

Video from FOX Weather storm trackers showed significant damage to buildings in the area after the powerful storm moved through and made its way toward the community of Bartlesville .

Significant damage was also reported there, with Bartlesville officials saying in a Facebook post that first responders worked to rescue people who were trapped at a Hampton Inn. 

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Major damage reported in Bartlesville, Oklahoma after tornado strikes in the night

At least four tornadoes have been confirmed to have hit Oklahoma since Monday. One of the tornadoes caused significant damage to a Hampton Inn hotel in Bartlesville. Matthew Macedo captured a video of the damage inside his room on the third floor. He joins FOX Weather on the phone from Bartlesville to tell about his experience.

Matthew Macedo said he was in the hotel when the storm rolled through and went to the lowest level of the facility when the tornado sirens sounded.

He said he and the other hotel guests crammed into an interior room for safety , and that’s when the tornado hit.

Other hotel guests were trapped in their rooms on the second floor because debris blocked the stairway to escape.

Major damage was also reported to medical facilities and in residential areas in northeast Bartlesville.

In a post on X, formerly Twitter, Oklahoma Gov. Kevin Stitt said he has directed resources to the area to aid in recovery operations and that he would travel to the Barnsdall area later in the day on Tuesday to tour storm damage.

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1 dead, dozens of homes damaged in Barnsdall, Oklahoma

Watch: Tornado rips through Barndsall, leaving behind wake of damage in Oklahoma

A tornado ripped through Barndsall Oklahoma, on Monday evening, leaving behind a wake of damage.

Osage County Emergency Management officials confirmed to FOX Weather that at least one person was killed when the tornado cut through Barnsdall .

In addition, the Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management said it received reports that 30-40 homes were damaged in town, and a natural gas leak was also reported.

Several roads also needed to be closed due to massive amounts of debris in roadways, and the Oklahoma Highway Patrol was reportedly helping with rescue efforts.

NIGHTTIME TORNADOES FAR MORE LIKELY TO TURN DEADLY THAN DAYTIME ONES

'Thank God, we're alive': Barnsdall, OK woman recounts harrowing tale of enduring tornado

Joy King, of Barnsdall, Oklahoma, surrived a devastating tornado that destroyed homes and toppled power lines as it ripped through her small town northeast of Oklahoma City on Monday evening.

Tornado survivor Joy King said the storm hit "all of a sudden," and she felt pressure in her ears that started to grow more intense. She said the door of the storm cellar she was in blew open and debris flew into the air. 

"I even had it latched to a bolt in the floor," she said, "And it just ripped it off."

King said she huddled in the corner with her dog for about a half-hour and even considered leaving, but her husband alerted her to another incoming storm, so she stayed where she was.

"We're alive," she said. "Thank God, we're alive."

The NWS said Tuesday that a survey team found damage consist with at least an EF-4 tornado. A final rating will be issued once the survey is complete.

Other areas hit hard by severe weather

FOX 23 Tulsa reporter shows damage from tornado that hit Barnsdall, Oklahoma

A reporter from FOX 23 Tulsa saw the damage in Barnsdall, Oklahoma, after a tornado ripped through the town.

The town of Minden in Iowa , which was hit hard by a tornado during the late-April severe weather outbreak , was hit again on Monday night. According to a storm report from the National Weather Service, a tornado was reported a few miles northeast of town, with damage being reported to a home and power lines. Officials have found damage that is consistent with an EF-1 tornado, according to preliminary information.

In a news release, Pottawattamie County officials said that early assessments showed seven properties and a hog confinement area were impacted by the possible tornado on Monday night, but so far no injuries have been reported.

Damage and giant hail was also reported in Kansas , with utility poles being snapped by the severe weather near McPherson . Hail up to softball-sized was reported near the town of Dickenson.

Watch: Hail falls during severe thunderstorms in Great Bend, Kansas

Video recorded in Great Bend, Kansas, shows hail falling from the sky when severe weather moved through the area on Monday, May 6, 2024.

Video recorded in Great Bend , Kansas, showed hail falling during severe thunderstorms that impacted the region on Monday.

In Nebraska , barns were also reportedly damaged near Pauline, and an outbuilding was damaged near Wymore .

MAY IS PEAK MONTH FOR TORNADOES IN US

Watch: Missouri pub heavily damaged after EF-1 tornado in Franklin County

Video recorded in Franklin County, Missouri, shows a pub that was heavily damaged by an EF-1 tornado in the town of Sullivan.

Widespread damage was also reported in Missouri when the extreme weather ripped across the state early Tuesday morning.

The National Weather Service said it received more than three dozen storm reports in the greater Kansas City area alone, with winds gusting to as high as 50 or 60 mph and knocking down trees and power lines.

According to those reports, one tractor-trailer on Interstate 70 east of Kansas City was flipped over near Blue Springs .

Other damaging wind gusts were reported in and around Springfield and Joplin in southwestern Missouri.

A building received significant damage during a possible tornado in Sullivan, Missouri, on Tuesday, May 7, 2024.

(FOX Weather)

Video recorded in Franklin County, Missouri, showed a pub that had been heavily damaged when a tornado tore through the town of Sullivan early Tuesday morning.

At 3:30 a.m. CDT, a radar-confirmed Tornado Warning was in effect for Franklin County, as well as Crawford and Washington counties.

The National Weather Service had teams in those communities on Tuesday and confirmed damage consistent with an EF-1 tornado that had winds of 100 mph.

Heavy damage from a possible tornado is seen in Sullivan, Missouri, on Tuesday, May 7, 2024.

The National Weather Service said another tornado touched down in the city of Bourbon in Crawford County and was rated an EF-0 with winds of 80 mph.

Tens of thousands of power outages were also reported as the severe weather moved through. As of Tuesday morning, PowerOutage.us was reporting more than 10,000 outages in Oklahoma.

The powerful storms continued to move across the nation’s heartland overnight and into Tuesday morning, with large hail and damaging winds continuing to pound communities from Iowa through Missouri and into Arkansas .

NWS received hundreds of storm reports since Monday

It was an intense night for forecasters, too, while the severe weather swept across the region.

Hundreds of storm reports were received by the National Weather Service on Monday and Tuesday in nine states from Montana to Arkansas.

The NWS issued more than 300 Severe Thunderstorm Warnings for storms capable of producing life-threatening lightning , large hail and damaging wind gusts.

More than 60 Tornado Warnings were also issued, including one Tornado Emergency that was issued in Oklahoma.

That Tornado Emergency was issued for the town of Barnsdall, which is where the fatality occurred.

And that was only the second Tornado Emergency ever issued by the National Weather Service office in Tulsa .

The multiday severe weather threat is expected to continue on Tuesday and Wednesday as the storms march eastward across the U.S.

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Reporting by Koh Gui Qing and Jonathan Stempel in Omaha; Editing by Diane Craft

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Apple's maryland store workers vote to authorize strike.

Workers at Apple's store in Towson, Maryland, have voted in favor of authorizing a strike, the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (AIM) said in a statement late on Saturday.

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