artificial intelligence boon or bane essay upsc

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Advantages & Disadvantages

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), also known as the Industrial Revolution 4.0 , has been making deep strides in scientific and technological innovation across different fields. It is capable of bringing considerable transformations in the way civilian activities and military operations are conducted. However, there are also concerns regarding the AI’s implications for employment and other ethical issues.

This topic of “Artificial Intelligence (AI): Advantages & Disadvantages” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• It is a branch of computer science that deals with creating computers or machines as intelligent as human beings.
• It refers to the ability of the machines to perform human intelligence processes like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem-solving and decision making.
• Thus in simple terms, Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence showed by machines.
• The term Artificial Intelligence was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 at the Dartmouth conference, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
• There are two subsets under the Umbrella term AI, they are – Machine Learning and Deep Learning.

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What is the difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning?

Machine learning:.

• A subset of artificial intelligence that deals with the creation of algorithms that can modify itself without human intervention to generate desired output- by feeding itself via structured data .
• Machine learning algorithms are built to “learn” to do things by understanding labeled data, then use it to produce further outputs with more sets of data. However, they need to be retrained through human intervention when the actual output isn’t the desired one (errors).

Deep Learning:

• A subset of machine learning where algorithms are created and function similar to those in machine learning, however, there are different layers of these algorithms- each providing a different interpretation to the data it feeds on.
• Such a network of algorithms is known as artificial neural networks , as it imitates the function of the human neural networks present in the brain.
• Deep learning networks do not need human intervention as the nested layers in the neural networks put data via hierarchies of different concepts, which eventually learn from their own errors . But even these are subject to flawed outputs if the quality of data is not good enough.

To put it simply, the key difference between deep learning and machine learning stems from the way data is presented to the system. Machine learning algorithms almost always require structured data, whereas deep learning networks rely on layers of the ANN (artificial neural networks) . Thus Data is the governor here. It is the quality of data which ultimately determines the quality of the result.

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What are some of the examples of Artificial Intelligent Technologies?

• Robotics and Automation: Robots can be programmed to perform high-volume, repeatable tasks normally performed by humans.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the processing of human language by a computer program. For example, spam detectors look at the subject line and text of an email in order to decide whether it is junk.
• Pattern recognition is a subset of machine learning that seeks to identify patterns in data. For example, a machine learning program can differentiate cats from dogs among 1000 images of cats and dogs through pattern recognition like face, whiskers, etc.
• Machine vision is the science of giving computers a vision by capturing and analyzing visual information using a camera, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing. It is mostly compared to human eyesight, however, machine vision is not constrained by biology = it can even be programmed to see through walls.

What are the applications/advantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

Self-driving Cars:   AI algorithms are one of the primary components that facilitate self-driving cars to make sense of their surroundings, taking in feeds from cameras installed around the vehicle and detecting objects like roads, traffic signs, other cars, and people.

Digital assistants and smart speakers:  Siri, Alexa, Cortana, and Google Assistant utilise artificial intelligence to convert spoken words to text and map the text to certain commands. AI assists digital assistants to make sense of various nuances in spoken language and synthesize human-like voices.

Translation:  For several decades, translating text between various languages was a pain point for computers. But deep learning created a revolution in services such as Google Translate. But to be precise, AI still has a long way to go before it perfects human language, but so far, the advances are outstanding.

Facial recognition:  Facial recognition is one of the most prominent applications of artificial intelligence. It has different uses, including unlocking your phone, paying with your face, and detecting intruders in your home.

• In the medical field also, we will find the wide application of AI. Doctors assess the patients and their health risks with the help of artificial machine intelligence. It educates them about the side effects of various medicines.
• Medical professionals are often trained with artificial surgery simulators. It finds a huge application in detecting and monitoring neurological disorders as it can simulate the brain functions.
• Robotics is often used in helping mental health patients to come out of depression and remain active.
• A popular application of artificial intelligence is radiosurgery. Radiosurgery is used in operating tumours and this can actually help in the operation without damaging the surrounding tissues.

Agriculture Sector:  AI can be utilised to predict advisories for sowing, pest control, input control = enable increased income and giving stability for the agricultural community . Image classification tools in addition to remote and locally sensed data can bring a revolutionary change in – utilisation and efficiency of farm machinery, weed removal, early disease identification, harvesting, and grading.

Business Sector:

• In order to take care of highly repetitive tasks – robotic automation is applied which perform faster, effortlessly and tirelessly than humans.
• Moreover, Machine learning algorithms are being integrated into analytics and CRM (Customer Relationship Management) platforms to provide better customer service. Chatbots being used in the websites to provide instant service to customers.
• Automation of job positions has also become a discussion point among academics and IT consultancies like Gartner and Forrester.

Education Sector:

• Artificial Intelligence can make certain educational processes automated like grading, rewarding marks, etc. thus giving educators more time.
• Furthermore, it can analyse students and adapt to their requirements so as to help them work at their own pace.
• AI can change where and how students learn, perhaps even replacing a few teachers.

Financial Sector:

• AI is applied to personal finance applications and could compile personal data and give financial advice. In fact, nowadays software trades more than humans in Wall Street.
• Detection of financial fraud uses artificial intelligence in a smart card-based system.

Legal Sector:  Automation can result in a faster resolution of pending cases by minimising the time taken while analyzing cases = better use of time and more efficient legal & judicial processes.

Manufacturing sector:  Robots are being utilised for manufacturing since a long time now but more advanced exponential technologies have emerged like additive manufacturing (3D Printing) which with the support of AI can revolutionize the whole manufacturing supply chain ecosystem.

Intelligent Robots:  Robots can do the tasks given by a human with the help of sensors to detect physical data from the real world like light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure. Furthermore, they have effective processors, multiple sensors and enormous memory, to showcase intelligence. Also, they can learn from their errors and hence can adapt to the new environment.

Gaming: AI has a significant role in strategic games like chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc., where the machine can think of a huge number of possible positions according to heuristic rule (A set of rules intended to increase the probability of solving some problem).

Cyber Security : In the 20th conference on e-governance in India it was discussed that AI has the capability to strengthen cybersecurity ecosystem in India and should be explored further.

Smart Cities and Infrastructure: AI is used to monitor patronage and accordingly control associated systems such as pavement lighting, park maintenance, and other operational conditions = lead to cost savings + improving safety and accessibility.

Space sector: Intelligent robots are fed with information and are sent to explore space. Since they are machines with metal bodies, they are more resistant and have a higher ability to endure the space and hostile atmosphere. Because they are created in such a way that they cannot be modified or get disfigured or breakdown in a hostile environment.

Mining sector: Artificial intelligence and the science of robotics can be put to use in mining and other fuel exploration processes. Not only that, these complex machines can be used for exploring the ocean floor and hence overcome the human limitations.

Defence Sector: Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools would aid the defence forces constructively in areas such as decision support, sensor data analysis, predictive maintenance, situational awareness, accurate data extraction, security, etc.  These tools will assist defence personnel in better operations, maintenance, and logistics support.

What are the concerns with the AI?

• Replacement of humans with machines can lead to large-scale unemployment. Unemployment is a socially undesirable phenomenon. People with nothing to do can lead to the destructive use of their creative minds.
• Humans can unnecessarily be highly dependent on the machines if the use of artificial intelligence becomes rampant. They will lose their creative power and will become lazy.
• Also, if humans start thinking in a destructive way, they can create havoc with these machines.

Robot bosses

• If you have an issue with your current human boss, be thankful that he isn’t a cold, emotionless machine because AI is already being used to monitor employee productivity.
• In what seems like the scary nightmares of a dystopian future, IBM’s Watson has been using AI and Watson Analytics to decide if employees are worthy of a pay rise, a bonus or a promotion by looking at the experience and past projects of employees to judge the qualities and skills that individuals might have to serve the company in the future.

Human error

• Although AI can virtually remove human error from processes, it can still exist in the code, along with bias and prejudice.
• Being largely algorithm-based, technology can be coded to have a negative impact on certain demographics and discriminate against people.
• For example, Microsoft’s ill-fated chatbot, Tay Tweets, had to be taken down after only 16 hours after it started to tweet racist and inflammatory content – ideas it repeated from other Twitter users.
• Worryingly, if security is not 100%, hackers can take advantage of AI’s thirst for knowledge.
• Creation of artificial intelligence requires huge costs as they are very complex machines. Their repair and maintenance require huge costs.
• They have software programs which need frequent up-gradation to cater to the needs of the changing environment and the need for the machines to be smarter by the day.
• In the case of severe breakdowns, the procedure to recover lost codes and reinstating the system might require huge time and cost.

Not ethical to replicate Humans:

• Intelligence is believed to be a gift of nature. Therefore an ethical argument continues, whether human intelligence is to be replicated or not.

Cannot replicate Humans:

• Machines do not have any emotions and moral values. They perform what is programmed and cannot make the judgment of right or wrong. They cannot take decisions if they encounter a situation unfamiliar to them. They either perform incorrectly or breakdown in such situations.
• Unlike humans, artificial intelligence cannot be improved with experience. With time, it can lead to wear and tear. It stores a lot of data but the way it can be accessed and used is very different from human intelligence.
• Machines are unable to alter their responses to changing environments.
• In the world of artificial intelligence, there is nothing like working with a whole heart or passionately. Care or concerns are not present in the machine intelligence dictionary. There is no sense of belonging or togetherness or a human touch. They fail to distinguish between a hardworking individual and an inefficient individual.

No Original Creativity:

• While the AI can help you design and create, they are no match to the power of thinking that the human brain has or even the originality of a creative mind.
• Human beings are highly sensitive and emotional intellectuals. They see, hear, think and feel. Their thoughts are guided by the feelings which completely lacks in machines. The inherent intuitive abilities of the human brain cannot be replicated.

Privacy & Security:

The increasing accessibility of facial-recognition technology has also increased concerns with respect to privacy, security, and civil liberties.

What is the global status of AI adoption?

• China and the U.K. estimate that by 2030, about 26% and 10% of their GDPs respectively will be sourced from AI­ related activities and businesses.
• There have been numerous activities regarding AI policy positions and the development of an AI ecosystem in various countries in recent years.
• Infrastructural supply-side initiatives have been planned by several countries for building a larger ecosystem of AI development.
• Even local/city governments have become increasingly aware of the significance and potential of AI and have committed public investments.
• For creating the future workforce for AI, countries are also significantly increasing the allocation of resources for Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) talent development via investment in universities, mandating new courses (e.g., AI and law), and launching schemes to retrain people.
• AI technology development and applications are rapidly evolving with major implications for economies and societies. A study by EY and NASSCOM found that by 2022, about 46 percent of the workforce will be engaged in entirely new jobs.

What are the possible areas for AI applications in Indian conditions?

• India has the potential to position itself among leaders on the global AI map – with a unique brand of #AIforAll.
• It can complement Digital India Mission by helping in the big data analysis which is not possible without using AI.
• Targeted delivery of services, schemes, and subsidy can be further fine-tuned.
• Smart border surveillance and monitoring to enhance security
• Weather forecasting models may become proactive and therefore preplanning for any future mishaps such as floods, droughts and therefore addressing the farming crisis, farmer’s suicide, crop losses, etc.
• By analyzing big data of road safety data and NCRB (National Crime Record Bureau) data for crimes , new policies can be formulated.
• Disaster management can be faster and more accessible with the help of robots and intelligent machines.
• In the counterinsurgency and patrolling operations, we often hear the loss of CRPF jawans which can be minimized by using the robotic army and lesser human personnel.
• AI can be used to automate government processes , therefore, minimizing human interactions and maximizing transparency and accountability.
• It can be applied to study ancient literature upon medicines and therefore help in modernizing the health care with the juxtaposition of modern machines and ancient techniques.
• In the remotest areas where the last leg of governance is almost broken, AI can do the job. For Example: in the tribal areas and the hilly areas of the northeast.

What are the measures taken by the government to promote AI?

• A Task Force on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for India’s Economic Transformation was constituted on 24 th  August 2017.  The Task Force gave its report on 19 th  January 2018. It has recommended an Inter-Ministerial National Artificial Intelligence Mission to act as a nodal agency for coordinating AI related activities in India.
• NITI Aayog unveiled its discussion paper on national strategy on AI which seeks to guide research and development in new and emerging technologies. NITI has identified 5 sectors – healthcare , agriculture , education , smart cities and infrastructure , and transportation – to focus its efforts on the implementation of AI. The paper focusses on how India can leverage transformative technologies to ensure social and inclusive growth .
• Committee on platforms and data for AI,
• Committee on leveraging AI for identifying National Missions in key sectors,
• Committee on mapping technological capabilities, key policy enablers, skilling, re-skilling and R&D
• Committee on cybersecurity, safety, legal and ethical issues.
• Task Force created by the Ministry of Defence has studied research and innovation in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and outlined its adoption in defence sector including a future roadmap on how to integrate and embed AI strategy with a core defence strategy.
• In addition, the Defence Public Sector Undertakings and Ordnance Factories have been assigned a roadmap for developing AI-enabled products.
• Centre for artificial intelligence and robotics (CAIR), is the main laboratory of DRDO for research and development in various areas of defense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and is located in Bangalore. It is involved in the Research & Development of high-quality Secure Communication, Command, and Control, and Intelligent Systems.
• Projects: NETRA- software to intercept online communication, SECOS- Secure operating system.
• India joined the league of leading countries including USA, UK, EU, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore to launch the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI or Gee-Pay) . GPAI is an international and multi-stakeholder initiative to guide the responsible development and use of AI in line with human rights, inclusion, diversity, innovation, and economic growth.

What are the challenges to India’s Artificial Intelligence Development?

• Lack of enabling ecosystems for data collection and usage.
• The low intensity of AI research.
• Insufficient availability of AI expertise, manpower and skilling opportunities.
• High resource cost and low awareness for adopting AI in business processes.
• Unclear privacy, security and ethical regulations.
• Unattractive Intellectual Property regime to incentivise research and adoption of AI.

What needs to be done?

• Incentivising the creation of jobs in AI fields that could constitute the new service industry.
• Recognition and standardisation of informal training institutions.
• Creation of open platforms for learning and financial incentives for reskilling of employees.
• The lack of qualified faculty that poses a serious problem in the present scenario can be addressed through innovative measures such as MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses).
• Acceptability and adoption of these decentralised teaching mechanisms can be ensured through prescribed certification in collaboration with the private sector and educational institutions.
• Additional investment and collaboration with the private sector and educational institutions in order to meet the market demand.
• To encourage the development of sustainable AI solutions at an appropriate price point for sectors such as health, education, and agriculture, it is necessary that a level playing field is ensured and an enabling environment be created for all players in the value chain.
• AI is a highly collaborative domain, and any framework aimed at promoting AI needs to be aligned accordingly. A multi­pronged approach, involving various stakeholders and promoting a collaborative approach is required for promoting the development of AI tools as well as the adoption of AI in various fields of activity.
• UNESCO’s Global Agreement on the Ethics of AI can guide governments and companies alike.

Way forward

Despite the threats and challenges, it would be foolish to argue that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not the future and it’s only a matter of time that machines will replace most of the jobs. It is because AI is not the end of the road for humanity as we have a history of technological revolutions resulting in positive social and political changes in society such as steam engines, industrial revolutions and most recently the computers and internet. Nonetheless, there will be several opportunities in the fields not yet known and there will be more jobs to serve human needs.

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Essay on Artificial Intelligence – a boon or bane

We are living in an era of rapid technological advancement, where artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the way we live and work. You may have heard of popular AI models like ChatGPT, MidJourney, and others that have made headlines in the year 2023 for their impressive capabilities, such as text-to-speech, text-to-image, and text-to-video.

Indeed, thousands of people have lost their jobs due to the proliferation of chatbots and other AI-powered systems. This has led to a debate over whether AI is a boon or a bane for society. In this essay, we will explore both sides of this issue and examine the potential benefits and drawbacks of AI.

Students must stay exam-ready by reading these types of essays based on current affairs .

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that is revolutionizing the way we live, work, and communicate. AI is a type of technology that is designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing images, and making decisions. Some people believe that AI is a boon, while others believe it is a bane. In this essay, we will explore both sides of the argument.

On the one hand, AI can be seen as a boon. AI has the potential to revolutionize industries such as healthcare, education, and transportation. In healthcare, AI can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly. In education, AI can personalize learning experiences for each student based on their strengths and weaknesses. In transportation, AI can help reduce traffic accidents and congestion by enabling self-driving cars.

AI can also make our lives more convenient. Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa can help us manage our schedules, answer questions, and control our home devices with just our voice. AI-powered chatbots can help businesses provide better customer service by answering frequently asked questions and resolving issues more quickly.

On the other hand, AI can also be seen as a bane. One of the main concerns about AI is that it could potentially take over jobs that are currently done by humans. For example, self-driving cars could eliminate the need for taxi drivers and truck drivers. AI-powered robots could replace workers in factories and warehouses. This could lead to job losses and economic instability.

Another concern is that AI could be used for malicious purposes. AI could be used to create fake news and spread disinformation. It could also be used to create autonomous weapons that could make decisions without human intervention.

In conclusion, AI is a complex and multifaceted technology that can be both a boon and a bane. While AI has the potential to revolutionize industries, improve our lives, and make our world a better place, we must also be mindful of the potential risks and challenges associated with this technology. As we continue to develop and integrate AI into our lives, it is important that we carefully consider the ethical implications and strive to create a future where AI serves the common good.

If you were an ex-employee of Google, Meta, Alphabet or Microsoft, you would have surely termed Artificial intelligence a bane. On the other hand, for a graphic designer who has started earning a handsome amount of money with the help of Mid journey, artificial intelligence is no less than a boon or blessing for him.

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Essay on Artificial Intelligence UPSC

Why is an essay on Artificial Intelligence UPSC relevant? 

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly important part of the modern world. Artificial Intelligence is what we can call the stimulation of human intelligence onto machines. In this boom of technological revolution, we are left to wonder if natural intelligence matters anymore.

Quite often AI is misunderstood and misrepresented as something powerful and dangerous. As aware citizens who see the possibility of technology development and innovation through AI, it is essential that we understand what AI really is and isn’t.

Here we will look at artificial intelligence, including how it can be used, the components that makeup AI, and its impact on our daily lives. This article will help you design and write an essay on artificial intelligence UPSC style. The first step to writing an Artificial Intelligence essay UPSC level is to define what AI is.

Read on to familiarize yourself with the term AI. 

Artificial Intelligence (AI): What Exactly Is It?

Ai vs machine learning, what characteristics does ai have, artificial intelligence developments around the world, why artificial intelligence is beneficial, artificial intelligence in india: challenges.

• Ways to Harness AI's Power

FAQs On Artificial Intelligence

What is the 4.0 industrial revolution, is ai the beginning of the industrial revolution 4.0, state 2 examples of ai., what is the future of artificial intelligence, what are the potential risks and concerns with artificial intelligence.

John McCarthy coined the term “artificial intelligence” in 1956 at the Dartmouth conference, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

The most prevalent misconception about artificial intelligence (AI) is that it refers to robots that perform monotonous repetitive tasks and behave like humans.

However, this isn’t quite accurate. The ability of machines (computers) to accomplish cognitive functions usually related to the human brain is referred to as artificial intelligence (AI), like learning, planning, and problem-solving  (in other words, many human intelligence processes)all without any explicit programming from humans or any kind of human interaction!

Now that we have defined and understood what AI is, let us explore what AI does, how it is of use today along with what the future holds in store. We can also show the difference between two technologies in the same domain in our Artificial Intelligence UPSC essay.

Both AI and machine learning go hand in hand. However, their difference is significant. The scope of these two technologies is the fundamental difference between these two advancements of technology.

• Artificial Intelligence(AI) refers to computer systems that can do activities that would ordinarily need human intelligence.
• Machine learning refers to systems that are not explicitly intended for a certain activity but do include some amount of learning.

People frequently confuse which of these two technologies is superior when using them. While deep learning and machine learning are both powerful technologies, the former comprises neural networks that require human intervention to optimize results.

Human specialists determine the hierarchy of features and distinguishing qualities of data in traditional machine learning. To streamline the learning process, humans create labels for the data. Deep learning also relies on labeled data. This way, the system learns to differentiate objects based on their characteristics via a Machine Learning algorithm.

Now we know what AI is and isn’t. This basic knowledge will not suffice for a UPSC-level essay on Artificial Intelligence. To make the examiner understand more about our extent of knowledge in the subject matter, we can also list out features in our Artificial Intelligence UPSC essay.

Also Read: How To Write An Essay In UPSC Mains

Computer programs have a natural tendency to look for patterns and predict the outcome of future situations. As these patterns emerge, computer programs can be categorized as “intelligent.” 

An AI-based system is also capable of learning, which means that it can adapt to new conditions. In addition, it will be capable to integrate changes in its algorithm, allowing it to take more actions based on its learning process.

Ultimately, these systems will become as intelligent as humans, enabling them to become digital assistants and further replace human workers in many industries.

The foundation of AI is built on the notion of human intelligence. AI aims to simulate human cognitive activity by mimicking human behavior. The ability of an artificial system to learn and perform tasks better than humans is a key component of AI.

For example, a robot can use fuzzy logic to solve unfamiliar tasks. Likewise, it can apply knowledge from one domain to another.

While researchers and developers are making great strides in developing AI, there are also plenty of skeptics in the field. The issue of replaceability and unchecked power is a fear that strikes most minds.

Nevertheless, the developments in the Artificial Intelligence field and the discussions it is launching are a must-know for all UPSC aspirants. Discussing current affairs in our Artificial Intelligence UPSC essay can make it stand out and highlight our level of awareness about the subject.

The societal and economic advantages of implemented AI are well-acknowledged around the world.

In contrast to China and Japan, which have allowed existing ministries to adopt AI in their various sectoral areas, many nations have established specialized government offices, such as the Ministry of AI in the United Arab Emirates and the Office of AI and AI Council in the United Kingdom.

While the world is still in its infancy, global developments in AI will be an increasingly important factor for economic growth. China forecasts that artificial intelligence would contribute 26% of its GDP by 2030, while the U.K. estimates that AI will contribute 10%.

France and Japan recently released AI strategies, and the U.K. published an industrial strategy in November. As AI tools improve, we can expect to see these countries continue to push the boundaries of this field.

In addition, NITI Aayog has released National AI Strategy Discussion Paper to provide guidance on the research and development of new and developing technologies. On August 24, 2017, Task forces (i.e., a working group) on artificial intelligence were formed.

Artificial intelligence can add significant value to a wide number of industries around the world, and It is expected to be a significant source of competitive advantage for businesses. Along with the advantages, listing out the challenges can be a good way to steer the Artificial Intelligence UPSC essay forward.

Artificial Intelligence can increase the calculation power of conventional computers. AI processes are usually self-learning, so they can work continuously without any rest. This can greatly increase the competitive edge of a company.

Furthermore, AI can predict the future and anticipate what people will need in a variety of fields. This can help in planning infrastructure and decision-making.

In addition, AI can be programmed to identify threats to human life. It is not yet clear how AI will impact the future of our society, however, it has the capacity to transform the way we live.

Listed below are some of its advantages:

• AI is the only solution to avoid human errors . AI technology isn’t susceptible to human error or discrepancies from human interactions. AI is trained to avoid human errors, allowing it to detect and correct mistakes without human assistance. Unlike human doctors, AI-enabled intelligent machines don’t depend on the mood of their operators, allowing them to focus on solving a particular case instead of focusing on a complex problem. For example, Google’s DeepMind can diagnose severe eye diseases as accurately as world-class doctors. Additionally, it can recommend the best treatment in 94% of cases.
• Another advantage of AI is that it’s highly scalable. Instead of being limited by the human brain, AI can integrate itself with scalable intelligent systems, from cell phones to supercomputers. The scalable nature of AI also allows it to perform tasks of varying complexity. Further, AI can improve the decision-making process thereby increasing productivity. Therefore, companies can benefit from AI for convenience, reducing the time required for data analysis.
• In the Healthcare sector, it is used to provide accurate diagnosis way before the disease reaches its acute phase.
• The use of AI in the education domain is expected to improve access to quality education and improve crowd management . It makes rewarding marks and grading automated and time-efficient.
• AI applications are also advancing the way we live and work , making it easier to manage our cities. For example, artificial intelligence can help improve traffic flow and power balancing, making it easier to monitor power outages. 
• AI is already being used in the retail sector , with applications including personalized suggestions, image-based product search, and customer demand anticipation. AI guarantees smart mobility as well as improved supply chain management and delivery processes. Aside from improving customer service, AI applications can also be beneficial for retailers to monitor and prevent potential problems. It can also detect broken products and defective objects, notifying the responsible person.
• Many industries are integrating AI into their products to improve their performance. In the advertising world, AI is used to track user statistics and to show advertisements relevant to their interests . The manufacturing sector utilizes AI in its intelligent robots to hasten the automation process and better quality control.
• Similarly, in the agricultural community, AI is used to help buyers choose products . AI can also be used to reduce crop losses by building modern machines to provide advisories for sowing or monitor weather and diseases to avoid future mishaps. This in turn will increase crop yield.
• The e-commerce industry is incorporating artificial intelligence to make purchases and communication easier and more efficient.
• Innovations in gaming are also possible through AI . Technological innovation in strategic games like chess where artificial intelligence can control the opponent’s computer and even play the game for them using neural networks is an example of this.

These futuristic innovations and systems are growing in popularity in the market, but only a few professionals are working on building them. For this reason, there is an increasing demand for AI professionals in the market. However, despite the great potential for AI, it is essential to find a job with this skill set to be successful.

We can finish our Artificial Intelligence UPSC essay by listing out the challenge and what we think can be the way forward. This will show the examiner your opinion on the subject and your problem-solving skills.

Implementing AI tools in Indian educational institutions is a challenge, especially in India, where educational institutions often lack data. Most don’t have an ERP in place and thus can’t pull data in a uniform format. Without such data, AI tools cannot accurately predict student performance.

Additionally, the current lack of data sets makes it impossible to create a single repository to train AI models. Consequently, the implementation of AI is slow and difficult.

Regardless of its promise to propel national progress and wealth, AI in India faces several barriers. Listed below are some of the most significant hiccups, which should be solved before the technology is fully adopted and embraced in the country.

• There is a lack of communication and collaboration between many stakeholders which hinders a natural developmental progression.
• Concerns about d ata privacy and security , as well as a lack of formal regulation regarding data anonymization.
• Lack of awareness about AI. The vast majority of Indians have no idea what Artificial Intelligence (AI) is or how it operates, and the benefits it may provide for businesses, governments, and individuals. This is mainly because AI is only just beginning to enter mainstream consciousness in other countries too.
• Difficulty with adoption is a reality. Indian businesses generally lack the resources required to implement AI systems and complex machines. For example, many companies don’t have enough data scientists on their teams to analyze customer data and build algorithms that can predict future events based on historical data sets.
• Another setback is the lack of resources and resource costs . There is a shortage of trained professionals who are proficient in Artificial Intelligence techniques like machine learning and deep learning(a subset of machine learning). As a result, organizations are unable to hire people with relevant skill sets or develop in-house talent quickly enough to keep up with the competition.
• Computing infrastructure is scarce and generates huge costs, making it difficult to build, train, and deploy AI-based services. Despite its rapid growth, cloud infrastructure has limited capabilities.

These were some of the current issues with AI-based systems in India. Let’s look at what can be the best way forward.

Ways to Harness AI’s Power

Consider Examarly to prepare for UPSC holistically. You will find everything from personalized study strategy to curated study resources under one umbrella, here.

AI has many benefits in our everyday lives, but it is not without its downsides. Many observers are concerned that AI will create an unequal share of the benefits and risks of technological advancement. Some countries will benefit greatly from AI, while other countries will suffer as they do not have the same resources as developed nations.

The developing world is also concerned that AI will reduce the demand for labor and natural resources. This could negatively impact the welfare of workers, and ultimately lower equilibrium wages and welfare.

We expect that India’s “AI for All” agenda emphasizes ethical AI and results in large-scale AI solutions in order to make India a larger ecosystem for AI and a dependable country to which the rest of the world may outsource AI-related work. AI systems created in India will help the entire planet.

Many people believe that AI-based applications will take their sweet time to master the human language and control the human race. Yet, AI is developing at an incredibly fast rate, which is causing some people to worry and have nightmares of a robotic army. This powerful technology can easily grow out of control and become too powerful for human use.

The emergence of complete artificial intelligence, according to Stephen Hawkins, may mean the extinction of the human race.

While this technology will undoubtedly benefit humans, it could also endanger society by increasing the wealth gap. Further, AI could be used for nefarious purposes, including autonomous weapons and malicious AI systems. Thus, the use of AI is only a step in a path that is yet to be disclosed.

Taking an ethical yet progressive approach to this social transformation is commendable while writing the essay on Artificial Intelligence in your UPSC exam. Prepare for UPSC with Examarly and to maximize your chances of acing the prelims. Check out Examarly for the best Civil Service study materials. 

How advanced people live and work is changing as a result of revolutionary trends and technology like robotics, the Internet-Of-things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence. The fourth industrial revolution is referred to as this. The incorporation of these technologies into industrial procedures is termed “Industry 4.0.”

A number of scientific and technological sectors have seen substantial advancements thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), also referred to as the 4.0 Industrial Revolution.

1. By processing human language rather than computer language, computer software is said to be performing natural language processing  (NLP). Consider spam detection, which determines whether an email is rubbish by examining the subject line and the email’s body. 2. Making a system or a group of processes run without human involvement is known as robotic process automation. Robots can be taught to carry out repetitive, elevated operations that would often be carried out manually, and they differ from IT standardization in that they can change course quickly in response to changing conditions. 

The future of AI is uncertain, but it is likely that it will continue to play an increasingly important role in many aspects of our lives. It may also lead to the development of new technologies and industries, as well as new ethical and societal challenges.

One of the main concerns with AI is the potential for it to automate jobs and increase unemployment. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and the ethical implications of AI, such as bias and discrimination in decision-making.

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Home » Science & Technology » Robotics » Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans.

AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making.

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making. Initially conceived as a technology that could mimic human intelligence.

AI has evolved in ways that far exceed its original conception. With incredible advances made in data collection, processing and computation power , intelligent systems can now be deployed to take over a variety of tasks, enable connectivity and enhance productivity.

As AI’s capabilities have dramatically expanded, so have its utility in a growing number of fields.

Artificial Intelligence’s exponential growth in recent decade:

• It is embedded in the recommendations we get on our favourite streaming or shopping site; in GPS mapping technology; in the predictive text that completes our sentences when we try to send an email or complete a web search.
• It promises to be even more transformative than the harnessing of electricity. And the more we use AI, the more data we generate, the smarter it gets.
• In just the last decade, AI has evolved with unprecedented velocity from beating human champions at Jeopardy.
• Automation, big data and algorithms will continue to sweep into new corners of our lives until we no longer remember how things were “before”.
• Just as electricity allowed us to tame time, enabling us to radically alter virtually every aspect of existence, AI can leapfrog us toward eradicating hunger, poverty and disease opening up new and hitherto unimaginable pathways for climate change mitigation, education and scientific discovery.

Artificial Intelligence usage can be for better or for worse:

Already, AI has helped increase crop yields, raised business productivity, improved access to credit and made cancer detection faster and more precise .

It could contribute more than $15 trillion to the world economy by 2030, adding 14% to global GDP . Google has identified over 2,600 use cases of “AI for good” worldwide.

A study published in Nature reviewing the impact of AI on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) finds that AI may act as an enabler on 134 or 79% of all SDG targets.

We are on the cusp of unprecedented technological breakthroughs that promise to positively transform our world in ways deeper and more profound than anything that has come before.

Challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI):

• Artificial intelligence is poised to be one of the biggest things to hit the technology industry (and many other industries) in the coming years.
• But just because it holds enormous potential does not mean it does not also have its challenges.
• And artificial intelligence challenges and possibilities are not small, which is why recognizing and working towards resolutions to problems can help further propel artificial intelligence’s rapid growth.
• According to studies, around 40 % of the total energy that data centres consume goes to cooling IT equipment . Now, to reduce energy consumption, companies are moving their data centres into cooler climates such as Siberia.
• The environmental impact caused by data centres doesn’t stop at electrical consumption.
• Coolants are often made of hazardous chemicals, and battery backups at data centres – needed for when there are power shortages – cause an environmental impact both due to mining for battery components and the disposal of the toxic batteries afterward.
• Countries are passing stricter legislations on data security that require citizen data to be stored on servers located domestically, picking colder climates beyond their borders is becoming a difficult option.
• Robotics and AI companies are building intelligent machines that perform tasks typically carried out by low-income workers: self-service kiosks to replace cashiers, fruit-picking robots to replace field workers, etc.
• Algorithms based on our past digital searches creates and provides us probable solutions or alternatives which we are looking for.

Hence, based on our digital footprints, AI is trying to mimic our preferences and even thought perceptions.

Privacy issues worries:

• AI also presents serious data privacy concerns . The algorithm’s never-ending quest for data has led to our digital footprints being harvested and sold without our knowledge or informed consent.
• We are constantly being profiled in service of customisation, putting us into echo chambers of like-mindedness, diminishing exposure to varied viewpoints and eroding common ground.
• Today, it is no exaggeration to say that with all the discrete bytes of information floating about us online, the algorithms know us better than we know ourselves . They can nudge our behaviour without our noticing.
• Our level of addiction to our devices, the inability to resist looking at our phones, and the chilling case of Cambridge Analytica in which such algorithms and big data were used to alter voting decisions should serve as a potent warning of the individual and societal concerns resulting from current AI business models.
• In a world where the algorithm is king , it behoves us to remember that it is still humans with all our biases and prejudices , conscious and unconscious who are responsible for it . We shape the algorithms and it is our data they operate on.

Artificial Intelligence usage can be double edged sword:

• The study in Nature also finds that AI can actively hinder 59 — or 35% — of SDG targets.
• For starters, AI requires massive computational capacity , which means more power-hungry data centres and a big carbon footprint.
• Then, AI could compound digital exclusion . Robotics and AI companies are building intelligent machines that perform tasks typically carried out by low-income workers: self-service kiosks to replace cashiers, fruit-picking robots to replace field workers, etc.
• Without clear policies on reskilling workers, the promise of new opportunities will in fact create serious new inequalities.
• Investment is likely to shift to countries where AI-related work is already established, widening gaps among and within countries.
• Together, Big Tech’s big four Alphabet/Google, Amazon, Apple and Facebook are worth a staggering $5 trillion , more than the GDPs of just about every nation on earth.
• In 2020, when the world was reeling from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, they added more than $2 trillion to their value.
• The fact is, just as AI has the potential to improve billions of lives, it can also replicate and exacerbate existing problems, and create new ones.

Measures to avoid misusing of Artificial Intelligence:

• Without ethical guard rails , AI will widen social and economic schisms , amplifying any innate biases at an irreversible scale and rate and lead to discriminatory outcomes.
• It is neither enough nor is it fair to expect AI tech companies to solve all these challenges through self-regulation.
• First, they are not alone in developing and deploying AI; governments also do so.
• Second, only a “whole of society” approach to AI governance will enable us to develop broad-based ethical principles, cultures and codes of conduct , to ensure the needed harm-mitigating measures, reviews and audits during design, development and deployment phases.
• To inculcate the transparency, accountability, inclusion and societal trust for AI to flourish and bring about the extraordinary breakthroughs it promises.
• Given the global reach of AI, such a “whole of society” approach must rest on a “whole of world” approach .
• Many countries, including India, are cognisant of the opportunities and the risks, and are striving to strike the right balance between AI promotion and AI governance both for the greater public good.
• NITI Aayog’s Responsible AI for All strategy, the culmination of a year-long consultative process, is a case in point.
• It recognises that our digital future cannot be optimised for good without multi-stakeholder governance structures that ensure the dividends are fair, inclusive, and just.

Conclusion:

The UN Secretary-General’s Roadmap on Digital Cooperation is a good starting point: it lays out the need for multi-stakeholder efforts on global cooperation so AI is used in a manner that is “ trustworthy, human rights-based, safe and sustainable, and promotes peace”.

And UNESCO has developed a global, comprehensive standard-setting draft Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence to Member States for deliberation and adoption.

Agreeing on common guiding principles is an important first step, but it is not the most challenging part.

It is in the application of the principles that the rubber hits the road. It is where principles meet reality that the ethical issues and conundrums arise in practice, and for which we must be prepared for deep, difficult, multi-stakeholder ethical reflection, analyses and resolve . Only then will AI provide humanity its full promise.

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Rise of Artificial Intelligence | UPSC Mains Essay Preparation PDF Download

Science-technology.

Artificial intelligence refers to intelligence demonstrated by machines compared to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals. From Marketing, Banking, Finance, Agriculture, Healthcare, Gaming, Space exploration, and Autonomous vehicles to Chatbots Artificial creativity, and even social media handles recently, it has become a part of our pop culture and everyday lives in ways we never thought possible earlier. It is not science fiction anymore. It drives meaningful innovation and assists human endeavors but simultaneously requires regulated, responsible use lest it should outrun its mandate. The power of AI is being harnessed relentlessly across the globe with businesses, researchers, and innovators consistently exploring its practical applications and economic potentials. Looking around ourselves gives clarity about the immense potential that AI holds within itself to empower human life. For example, in the Banking and Financial Services Industry, AI is used to enhance the efficiency of anti-money laundering programs with considerable success. It also has proved its effectiveness as a risk management tool for banks, analyzing and flagging credit and fraud risk, as well as customer churn prediction, which is a precious data point. The healthcare sector has also adopted AI. The massive amount of data collected by the industry to drive scientific discovery is increasingly being used to make sense through AI applications. The complex data is simplified, and inferences and insights are derived through the use of AI for the development of medicines, equipment, disease analysis, and treatment of optimization to cure ailments. AI can be useful in medical image processing and improve diagnostics by better analyzing CT scans, MRIs, and other images.  Surgical robots control their movements' trajectory, depth, and speed with great precision and perform repetitive procedures without fatigue. AI is also revolutionizing the landscape in the insurance industry. It is being introduced to streamline processes and reduce turnaround times, and improving profitability. Even at a personal level, AI is helping in the form of virtual assistants. From Alexa, Watson, Cortana to Siri —digital voice assistants have become the trend today. On the other hand, regular reports warn us about an impending automation apocalypse.

Jobs at Threat

In 2013, a highly cited study by Oxford University academics called ‘The Future of Employment’ examined 702 common occupations and found that routine work such as telebusiness, teleservices, sports referees, and big data-oriented jobs of analytics, tax assessment, etc., are more at risk than specialized and individualized ones like psychologists, dentists, and physicians. According to The Future of Employment report, routine telemarketing runs a 99% risk of automation, and so does mechanical processing of large amounts of predictable tax assessment data. Robots will likely take over the repetitive tasks in law, with paralegals and legal assistants facing a 94% probability of having their jobs computerized. Fast-food cooks also face an 81% probability of having their jobs replaced by robots like Flippy, an AI-powered kitchen assistant who is already flipping burgers in a number of CaliBurger restaurants.

Jobs less at threat

Martin Ford, futurist and author focusing on artificial intelligence and robotics, and the impact of these technologies on the job market, economy, and society, classifies resilient jobs in three areas.

• The first is of professions involving genuine creativity, for instance, working as an artist, designer, scientist, strategist, architect, planner, etc. Ford does not forget to caution in the same breath, “For now, humans are still best at creativity, but there’s a caveat there. I can’t guarantee you that in 20 years, a computer won’t be the most creative entity on the planet. There are already computers that can paint original works of art. So, in 20 years, who knows how far it’s going to go?”
• The second area is occupations that involve forging a close connection with people: for example, doctors, nurses, advocates, or business roles that require the building of relationships with clients.
• The third area is of unpredictable and contingent jobs– for example, plumbers and electricians who attend, on-call, to emergencies in different locations.

So, those at least risk of automation may include therapists, programmers, supervisors, installers, and repairers of machines, occupational, recreational therapists, healthcare providers, and social workers. However, while jobs in a creative domain or people-focused industry may remain afloat for the next few years or so, it’s tough to predict what will happen some decades later into the future. So, we should be wary of downplaying just how much computers and robots might change the working world; and think about survival in an automated world.

Need of the hour

The 2020s must, therefore, be a decade of redeployment rather than unemployment. Presumptions about the indispensability of human beings will be self-destructive because machines are already doing things we thought only humans could do. They’re composing original music, for example, and beating professional players at complex board games like chess with creative moves. They’re even helping us with our relationships with God. While the clergy only has a 0.81% probability of automation, algorithms might one day replace even the ordained, according to data from The Future of Jobs. There are already apps like Confession, which offer “drop-down menus for tracking sin.” So, the pressing need of the hour is to continually learn new skills and upgrade the existing, to match pace with inevitable automation. AI has unleashed a great opportunity for a whole new set of jobs to get the most out of machines. The human mind has aced the overall species of life on earth; it will master machines too.

Combat measures: reskilling and upskilling

Technology plays a fundamental role in the creation of successful products and services. But even for physical products, in many cases, it’s the accompanying software that makes all the difference by lending that extra edge. The point to be noted is that companies require constant updating of skills in their workforce to use novel, ground-breaking software. As a result, training and continuous skill development are some of the most important tools for organizations to achieve long-term success. Training not only upgrades skillsets but also raises several other parameters, namely motivation, efficiency, benchmarks, and inter-personal relationships. Providing people with training opportunities is one of the most effective ways of retaining talent. Today, talented and qualified professionals enjoy the luxury of choosing where they want to work. So, unless business leaders take proactive steps towards training, reskilling, and upskilling the workforce, they will be prone to facing a "talent shortage." Futuristic organizations like Amazon have integrated AI and robotics for resources and increased productivity. They use skilled workers for nonrepetitive work –monitoring and management of technology, logistics, processes, trouble-shooting, and so on. So, through reskilling and upskilling humans to complement the tasks performed by cognitive technology and to ensure that the work of machines is effective, fair, and transparent, a wide range of better job opportunities can be created. Government agencies should collaborate with industry partners and educational institutions to customize programs to prepare workers skilled to thrive in an AI-driven world. The financial incentives for governments to create such programs are high; without them, unemployment costs could be considerably high.

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Artificial Intelligence – Boon or Bane

Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science that deals with the development of machines that can perform tasks that require human intelligence like speech recognition, language translation, and decision making. Artificial Intelligence is said to be the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and perform tasks like humans. There are various real-life applications of Artificial Intelligence they are as follows:

1. Gaming: In strategic games like Chess the machine is programmed such that it can generate its moves and also study the moves of its opponents and decide which movie to be made next.

2. Speech Recognition: Some systems can recognize the language spoken by humans and respond in the same way by grasping the accent, grammar, etc. These types of speech recognition systems are present in our smartphones and home devices. Some examples of speech recognition systems are Google Now, Google Assistant, and Amazon Alexa.

3. Handwriting Recognition: Handwriting Text Recognition system in the machine enables it to read handwriting and transform into editable text.

4. Robotics: Robotics is a branch of science and engineering which deals with construction, design, and programming of robots. Robots are the most sophisticated and complex inventions of humans to date. Robots are capable of carrying out a series of a complex tasks. They are efficient in their tasks as they can multitask as well and save time doing so. They have vast memory space and can adjust to their environment.

With the growth in AI, there is a debate that whether AI is a boon or a bane. Some factors support AI to be a boon as well as a bane.

Factors that support AI to be a Boon:

• Ease in Availability: Machines do not require refreshment like humans and can work for a longer period. They are capable of performing tasks and work continuously and produce quality output.
• Daily Usage: Currently the most widely used machine in our daily life is a smartphone, which results knowingly and unknowingly using the benefits of AI. A few examples that demonstrate the use of AI in our daily life are speech recognition system used in our search engine on our smartphones, GPS used for navigation and fingerprint recognition and face recognition system in our smartphone for security.
• Performing Complex Tasks: For a human performing tedious task is time-consuming. AI algorithms are developed to perform complex tasks. Machines are capable of performing multiple tasks at a particular period and function faster than humans.
• Virtual Assistants: Virtual assistants communicate with various users, thus resulting in less use of manpower. As machines do not have emotions they perform more logically and efficiently and thus arrive at the right decision.

AI as a Bane:

• Incurs High Cost: With the use of AI the productivity enhances and efficient results are obtained but huge costs are incurred in the process as machines are very complex and complicated in their training. And machines require regular maintenance at a particular point of time thus resulting in bigger costs to incur.
• Lack of Experience: Humans depend upon their experience and perform accordingly in the future whereas do not have experience. Machines act according to the algorithm that is set for its functioning. They do not react with the environment and this what creates the difference between machines and humans.
• Unemployment: The growing concern in the global economy today is that will AI completely take over human jobs. To enhance the productivity enterprises are adopting AI-based technologies that are now replacing human jobs and making us more dependent on machines. This would lead to a major loss in the ability of thinking and result in creativity and ideas.

AI will grow further in the future and shape our lives. It has its advantages and disadvantages. It has the factors that support it be a boon or bane. But still, there is a debate whether it will be a boon or a bane. We’ll come to know in the future whether it proves to be boon or bane.

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Is AI a Boon or a Bane?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been one of the most talked-about and debated topics of the 21st century. It has been hailed as a revolutionary technology that could change the way we live, work, and play. But it has also been criticized for its potential to displace workers, create a surveillance state, and even lead to the extinction of humanity. So, is AI a boon or a bane? 

On the one hand, AI has the potential to revolutionize industries and provide solutions to some of the world’s most pressing problems. For example, AI can be used to develop medical breakthroughs, automate mundane tasks, and even make cars and other vehicles safer and more efficient. AI can also help us understand the world better and make more informed decisions. 

On the other hand, AI also has its downsides. For example, AI can be used to automate processes that could result in job losses, particularly in manufacturing and service industries. AI can also be used for surveillance, which could lead to a loss of privacy and civil liberties. Finally, AI could be used to create autonomous weapons systems, which could lead to a dangerous arms race. 

Ultimately, the answer to the question of whether AI is a boon or a bane depends on how we choose to use it. If we use it responsibly, AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems and creating a better future. But if we misuse it, it could lead to disastrous consequences. Therefore, it is essential that we use AI wisely and ensure that its benefits are shared by all. 

How AI can be a boon?

 AI can be an incredible boon when used responsibly. Here are some of the potential benefits of AI: 

• Automation: AI can automate tedious and repetitive tasks, freeing up people to focus on creative and high-value activities. 

• Increased efficiency: AI can analyze and process large amounts of data quickly, helping to identify trends and opportunities that would otherwise be missed. 

• Improved healthcare: AI can be used to diagnose diseases, develop personalized treatments, and even help with drug and vaccine development. 

• Enhanced safety: AI can help detect potential hazards and alert people to potential risks, reducing the chances of accidents and fatalities. 

How AI can be a bane? 

AI can also be a bane when misused or abused. 

Here are some of the potential downsides of AI: 

• Job losses: AI can automate processes, reducing the need for human workers and leading to job losses. 

• Loss of privacy: AI can be used for surveillance, leading to a loss of privacy and civil liberties. 

• Increased inequality: AI can lead to increased inequality, as those with access to the technology will have an advantage over those who do not. 

• Autonomous weapons: AI can be used to create autonomous weapons systems, leading to a dangerous arms race. 

In conclusion , AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems and creating a better future. But it must be used responsibly and ethically, or else it could lead to disastrous consequences. It is therefore essential that we use AI wisely and ensure that its benefits are shared by all.

10 Amazing facts about AI, you may be interested in:

1. AI is capable of creating original art. AI-generated artworks have been sold for hundreds of thousands of dollars in auctions. 2. AI can now diagnose cancer as accurately as a human doctor. AI algorithms are now being used to detect skin cancer with a 99% accuracy rate. 

3. AI is being used to create personalized cancer treatments. AI algorithms are being used to analyze a patient’s tumor data and create customized treatment plans. 

4. AI can now recognize human emotions. AI algorithms are being used to detect human emotions through facial expressions and speech patterns. 

5. AI is being used to detect counterfeit items. AI algorithms are being used to detect counterfeit items such as currency, luxury goods, and pharmaceuticals. 

6. AI can now detect cyber threats. AI algorithms are being used to detect and respond to cyber-attacks. 

7. AI is being used to develop self-driving cars. AI algorithms are being used to help self-driving cars detect obstacles in the environment and make decisions about how to respond.

8. AI can now be used to detect fraudulent financial transactions. AI algorithms are being used to detect fraudulent financial transactions with a 95% accuracy rate. 

9. AI is being used to improve natural language processing . AI algorithms are being used to improve natural language processing and enable computers to better understand human speech. 

10. AI is being used to create virtual personal assistants. AI algorithms are being used to create virtual personal assistants such as Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant.

So decide for yourself – is AI a boon or a bane?

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Is Artificial Intelligence a boon or bane?

Strong And Weak AI

AI can be classified into two types:

• Strong AI , also known as  Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)  is capable of finding solutions to unfamiliar tasks and it can replicate the cognitive ability of the human brain.
• Weak AI , also known as Narrow AI is designed to complete a specific task.  Chatbots , Voice assistants like  Siri , and Industrial Robots all belong to this weak AI.

Different Types Of AI

According to Arena Hintze, Assistant professor of integrative biology and computer science and engineering at Michigan state university, AI can be divided into 4 types:

• Reactive Machines : These AI systems are task-oriented and are not able to memorize, which makes them incapable of informing future ones about past experiences.
• Limited Memory : self-driving cars are examples of this AI system. here it can memorize and can inform about the future.
• Theory of mind : The theory of mind is so much related to human emotions. When it applies to AI the system will be able to understand emotions.
• Self-awareness : In this type of AI system they have a sense of self, which makes the machine find out their state and this system does not yet exist.

How is AI Applied today?

Ai has its demand in today’s market w hether it’s in Education, Healthcare, Business,  Finance, and so on. 

AI can automate a variety of time-consuming and repetitive processes, freeing up human labor or higher-order, more creative tasks.

Personalization​

AI may be used to customize goods and services, giving customers a better experience and raising customer happiness.

Improved Safety

In sectors like transportation, manufacturing, and construction, Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help increase safety by identifying possible risks and averting accidents.

Precision And Accuracy

AI can thoroughly and accurately evaluate and process massive volumes of data, which can result in better-informed decisions in a variety of industries, including healthcare, finance, and education.

AI Domination Over Human

As Stephen Hawking once said, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race”, this i s still circling as a current issue in everyone’s conversation. As we know, AI is the future , and especially in this digital age, its multitasking ability makes it a boon. It reduces the time for data-heavy tasks, and consistent results all make it one of the best inventions of the 21st century.

At the same time, the reason that AI can give better results in less time than humans makes it a bane to the entire human society. As it completely replaces human beings and can interrupt human presence in every field.

Consequences of AI

• Job displacement : The automation of certain jobs through AI could lead to job displacement for some workers, particularly those in low-skill or repetitive jobs.
• Discrimination and Bias : AI algorithms have the potential to reinforce and even exacerbate pre-existing bias and discrimination in society if they are not carefully designed and tested.
• Privacy and security issues : If AI systems that gather and analyze vast volumes of personal data are not properly safeguarded, they could constitute a threat to privacy and security.

AI’s potential for weaponization, including the creation of autonomous weapons, could have negative and potentially harmful effects.

Ultimately, it’s critical to guarantee that AI is created and applied responsibly and ethically to maximize its positive effects while minimizing any potential bad ones.

Does AI Need It?

According to history, individuals are continually looking for ways to do the activities they are working on that are quicker, easier, and more efficient, and easy.

As a result, people always look for new and better ways to complete tasks due to the need for growth.

AI enables computers to reason, learn, and use logic. When scientists, medical researchers, doctors, mathematicians, and engineers work together, they can develop Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is specifically geared toward medical diagnosis and treatments, offering dependable and secure ways to deliver healthcare.

Machines are good at long, boring tasks like risk monitoring, information gathering to make decisions, data analysis for patterns and trends, arranging for us to use scarce or polluting resources more effectively, reacting quicker than humans, operating other machines, and don’t get tired or afraid. They can even be used to take care of their human owners, as in the form of smartphones with applications. But, the more we rely on technology, the less creative, productive, and self-sufficient we become.

Artificial Intelligence can be good or bad depending on how we use it. The purpose of the knife is to cut it. A cook may produce delectable food, whereas a murderer can cause harm to others. The use of AI is therefore entirely dependent upon how we educate it and how we use it.

We at Fegno believe that by using machine learning to develop consumer profiles based on datasets, marketers who wish to better understand their potential customers can do so. Marketers can quickly create customer personas or divide their consumer base into demographic segments thanks to Fegno’s Automated Sales. The greatest promise for AI in this field is enhancing creative human labor rather than taking its place.

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Genetic Engineering: Boon and Bane

Last updated on March 18, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

Along with the discovery of the atom and space travel, genetic engineering might have been one of the biggest scientific achievements in recent memory. It is the science or activity of changing the genetic structure of an animal, plant, or other organism to make it stronger or more suitable for a particular purpose. Read here to know more about its applications, advantages, and concerns.

Genetic engineering has been used in research and business to produce cancer treatments, brewing yeasts, and genetically altered plants, and animals, among other things. Over time, genetic engineering has evolved beyond laboratory cloning for analysis to completely synthetic biology for novel biomedical capabilities.

An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be genetically modified (GM) and the resulting entity is a genetically modified organism (GMO).

Through tests involving tracking, expression, a gain of function, and loss of function, GMOs are utilized in research to study gene function and expression. It is feasible to generate animal models of human diseases by deleting the genes causing specific ailments.

Hereditary engineering offers the potential to treat genetic illnesses through gene therapy in addition to manufacturing hormones, vaccinations, and other medications. The same methods used to make pharmaceuticals can also be utilized in industrial settings to make enzymes for cheese, laundry detergent, and other items.

Table of Contents

What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering, often known as genetic alteration or modification, or manipulation, is a technique that modifies an organism’s DNA using technology developed in labs.

This could entail altering a single base pair (A-T or C-G), erasing a section of DNA, or incorporating new DNA.

• For instance, transferring a gene from one species to an organism from a different species in genetic engineering may result in the desired characteristic.

It may also mean extracting DNA from another organism’s genome and combining it with the DNA of that individual.

Insulin for diabetic patients is the most well-known example of genetic engineering.

• Genetic engineering has been used to produce a type of insulin, very similar to our own, from yeast and bacteria like  E.coli .
• This genetically modified insulin, ‘Humulin’ was licensed for human use in 1982.

The genetic engineering process of insulin production:

• A small piece of circular DNA called a plasmid is extracted from the bacteria or yeast cell.
• A small section is then cut out of the circular plasmid by restriction enzymes, which are known as molecular scissors.
• The gene for human insulin is inserted into the gap in the plasmid. This plasmid is now genetically modified.
• The genetically modified plasmid is introduced into a new bacteria or yeast cell.
• This cell then divides rapidly and starts making insulin.
• To create large amounts of the cells, the genetically modified bacteria or yeast are grown in large fermentation vessels that contain all the nutrients they need. The more the cells divide, the more insulin is produced.
• When fermentation is complete, the mixture is filtered to release the insulin.
• The insulin is then purified and packaged into bottles and insulin pens for distribution to patients with diabetes.

History of genetic engineering

• Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen created the first GMO in 1973 using a microbe.
• When Rudolf Jaenisch put foreign DNA into a mouse in 1974, he produced the first GM animal.
• Genentech, the first business to concentrate on genetic engineering, was established in 1976 and began producing human proteins.
• Human insulin that had been genetically modified was created in 1978, and microorganisms that generate insulin were commercialized in 1982.
• Since the introduction of the Flavr Savr tomato in 1994, genetically modified food has been available for purchase. The Flavr Savr was created to last longer, whereas the majority of modern GM crops have been altered to become more resistant to pesticides and herbicides.
• The first GMO created specifically as a pet, called GloFish, went on sale in the US in December 2003.
• In 2016 salmon modified with a growth hormone were sold.

Advantages of genetic engineering

• Developing crops with the required qualities has been made possible through genetic engineering.
• GM crops like Bt Cotton are drought, disease, and pest resistant with more nutrients.
• By swapping out the malfunctioning gene for a functional gene, genetic engineering may potentially be used to treat hereditary illnesses.
• To create biological organs for transplantation, embryonic cells are cloned in a procedure known as therapeutic cloning.
• Economically most studies have found growing GM crops to be beneficial to farmers.

Concerns and Challenges

Genetic engineering has been objected to on the grounds of ethical, ecological, and economic concerns.

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• Concern about the impact of GM crops on the environment and natural processes, in the long run, has been at the forefront.
• Ethical issues like patenting of life forms and controlling food intake have been raised.
• The concern of resistant plants giving rise to superweeds and their impact on non-target organisms.

Applications of genetic engineering

Numerous industries, including science, health, industrial biotechnology, and agriculture, have used genetic engineering.

• In plants, genetic engineering has been applied to improve the resilience, nutritional value, and growth rate of crops such as potatoes, tomatoes, and rice.
• In animals, it has been used to develop sheep that produce a therapeutic protein in their milk that can be used to treat cystic fibrosis or worms that glow in the dark to allow scientists to learn more about diseases such as Alzheimer’s .
• Manufacturing of drugs
• Creation of model animals that mimic human conditions
• Germline Gene therapy
• Xenotransplantation
• Human growth hormones
• Follicle-stimulating hormones
• Human albumin
• Monoclonal antibodies
• Antihemophilic factors

Agriculture

• Genetically modified crops
• Genetically modified livestock

Crops have been designed to boost output, increase resistance to abiotic stressors, change the nutritional content of food, or provide new goods.

Research and development

• Transgenic organisms are one of the most crucial instruments for analyzing gene function, and genetic engineering is a valuable tool for natural scientists.
• It is possible to insert genes and other genetic material from a variety of creatures into bacteria for storage and modification, resulting in genetically altered bacteria.
• To understand the roles played by particular genes, organisms are genetically modified. These tests often involve tracking, expression, loss of function, and gain of function.

Industrial application

• Biomaterials
• Synthetic chemicals
• Gene regulatory network
• Protein engineering
• Vaccine production
• Biomining and Bioremediation
• Genetically modified virus as a scaffold for assembling environmentally friendly lithium-ion battery.

The management of natural areas and conservation could both benefit from genetic engineering.

The  Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety  is an international treaty that governs the transfer, handling, and use of GMOs.

In India, the regulators are Institutional Biosafety Committee, Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation, and Genetic Engineering Approval Committee.

Way forward

The good side of genetic engineering needs to be promoted with appropriate checks and balances. From a research point of view, more studies need to be conducted to address the concerns of allergic and immune responses to GM food on a case-by-case basis.

There is still immense potential to explore in the field like leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for advancements in biological sciences. Genomic data can be developed more which will help in the development of biomedical sciences and viral sciences.

The regulations need to refine more especially concerning labeling, ethical concerns, false advertising, etc.

Also read:  Biosafety in India

­ -Article written by Swathi Satish

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Essay on AI Boon Or Bane

Students are often asked to write an essay on AI Boon Or Bane in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on AI Boon Or Bane

Introduction to ai.

Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is a modern technology that makes machines think like humans. It allows computers to learn, understand, and do tasks that usually need human intelligence. This includes things like recognizing speech, learning, planning, and problem-solving.

AI as a Boon

AI is a boon because it makes our life easier. It can do tasks quickly and accurately. For instance, AI in medical science can help doctors diagnose diseases. AI in education can help students learn better. It can even help in managing traffic and predicting weather.

AI as a Bane

On the other hand, AI can also be a bane. It can lead to job loss as machines replace humans. It might also lead to privacy issues as AI can collect and use personal data. There’s also a risk of machines becoming too powerful.

In conclusion, AI can be both a boon and a bane. It depends on how we use it. If used responsibly, AI can be a great tool for progress. But if misused, it can also cause problems. So, it’s important to use AI wisely.

250 Words Essay on AI Boon Or Bane

Introduction.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a hot topic these days. It is the science of making machines that can think and learn like humans. Some people see it as a blessing, while others see it as a curse. Let’s look at both sides of the coin.

AI – A Boon

AI is a boon because it can do many things faster and better than humans. It can help doctors diagnose diseases, help farmers grow better crops, and even help us find information on the internet. It can also do jobs that are too dangerous for humans, like defusing bombs or exploring space.

AI – A Bane

On the other side, AI can also be a bane. It can take away jobs from people because machines can work 24/7 without getting tired. It can also be used for bad things, like spying on people or creating fake news. Plus, if AI machines become too smart, they might start making decisions without human input, which could be dangerous.

In the end, whether AI is a boon or a bane depends on how we use it. If we use it to help people and make the world a better place, it can be a boon. But if we use it to harm others or to replace humans, it can be a bane. So, it’s up to us to make sure we use AI in the right way.

500 Words Essay on AI Boon Or Bane

Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is a term you might have heard often. It is a type of computer science that allows machines to act and think like humans. AI can do many things, like recognizing speech, learning, planning, and problem-solving. It is an exciting field, but it also brings up many questions. Is AI a boon or a bane? Let’s explore this.

AI is a boon in many ways. Firstly, it can help us do tasks faster and more accurately. For example, AI can process and analyze large amounts of data in seconds. This helps businesses make better decisions and improve their services.

Secondly, AI can do jobs that are dangerous or difficult for humans. Robots can work in harsh environments, like deep-sea exploration or space missions. They can also do repetitive tasks without getting bored or tired.

Thirdly, AI can help in areas like healthcare and education. AI-powered systems can diagnose diseases, suggest treatments, and even help with surgeries. In education, AI can provide personalized learning experiences based on a student’s needs.

Despite the benefits, AI also has potential downsides. One issue is job losses. As machines become smarter, they might replace humans in many jobs. This could lead to unemployment and social problems.

Another worry is about privacy and security. AI systems can collect and analyze a lot of personal data. This could be misused and lead to privacy breaches.

Lastly, there is a fear that AI might become too powerful. If machines become smarter than humans, they might start making decisions on their own. This could lead to unpredictable and possibly dangerous situations.

So, is AI a boon or a bane? It’s not a simple answer. AI has the potential to bring many benefits. It can help us do tasks better, faster, and safer. But it also has potential risks, like job losses, privacy issues, and the fear of machines becoming too powerful.

We need to find a balance. We should embrace the benefits of AI, but also be aware of the risks. We need to create rules and safeguards to ensure that AI is used in a way that benefits everyone. Only then can we make sure that AI is more of a boon than a bane.

In conclusion, AI is like a tool. It’s how we use it that determines whether it’s a boon or a bane. We have the power to shape the future of AI, and we should use it wisely.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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• Essay on African Philosophical Thought

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The Scientific Teen

Stem by the youth, for the youth.

• Mar 27, 2022

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Bane or Boon?

By Srivallabh Sabnivisu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare and has become an essential part of our daily lives. The Healthcare sector is one of the most challenging sectors to be digitalized due to the loads of information needed to train the algorithms. In this process, the smartphone has become the hub of digitalization in the new era of medicine.

The most important advancements of AI in healthcare include diagnosis of diseases as well as management of chronic conditions, palliative care, predicting post-surgery complications, virtual care, or remote monitoring through a medical assistant, to name a few. To achieve these, retrospective data is collected and a hypothesis is generated to test it potentially, which is called machine learning.

Applications

In chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes, management of these conditions play a crucial role in preventing damages to vital organs in the body. For example, uncontrolled diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, and uncontrolled hypertension could lead to kidney disease. It is also now possible to predict the possibility of a person suffering from cancer in the latter part of their life. Advanced diabetes management is achieved through AI in the form of smartphone apps and glucose sensors. Glucose sensors count the amount of sugar taken by the individual, and suggest appropriate diet and exercise. In the same way, blood pressure readings can be taken by smartwatches and smartphone apps to alert the patient, as well as count steps and suggest a healthy diet to promote a balanced control of their health. Chatbots are also used to answer common health questions of customers as well as to measure their satisfaction.

Obesity has become one of the major problems of the modern world. Lifestyle changes with diet and exercise can help in efficient weight loss. A hybrid coach – AI along with human coaching – will turn out to be the best strategy for weight loss since this will provide a personalized diet plan. There is also a genetic aspect of obesity. Interestingly, it is also possible to scan the genes for any mutations and alter the diet to reduce the symptoms, and thereby its effects on other organs.

Palliative medicine is one of the many medical fields that is leveraging AI to improve the quality of care for terminally-ill patients, and also predicting the life expectancy of these patients. This information can help in determining the time needed for their care.

Administration work at hospitals, like scheduling appointments, nurse call lights, and billing systems are dealt with easily without much manpower. The machine learning systems can also completely scan the patient record and provide recommendations to the doctor, as well as rapidly analyze medical images and scans for accurate decision making.

In the process of the ‘democratization’ of healthcare, the power has slowly shifted from the physician to the patient. Nowadays patients have access to their Electronic Health Records (EHR) on their phones. They can use them to design their optimal diet or improve their physical and mental health. They can also get automatic suggestions based on their recent blood values.

There was a general tendency to avoid hospitals because of the possibility of sepsis or hospital-acquired infections. This can be minimized by tracking the hand hygiene of clinicians and surgeons using video footage and depth sensors, which use infrared light.

AI also helps in the speedy diagnosis of many diseases like brain stroke through small robotic devices. Paramedics use these devices so that the type of stroke can be alerted to the receiving hospital for them to start treatment immediately. This can reduce the toll of brain damage in the future

Benefits of AI in the healthcare domain

After a detailed discussion about the applications of AI in healthcare, the following benefits can be summarized:

· Better patient outcomes

· Simplified healthcare with better data-driven decisions

· Reduced healthcare costs

· Screen diagnostic reports on par with radiologists

· Drastic reduction in re-admission rates

· Enhanced primary care

· Reduced mortality rates

· Delivery of customized treatment plans.

Limitations

· Use of AI analytics by insurance companies might increase the rates of coverage for patients.

· The quality of input data is a critical factor in the functioning of AI assistants.

· Coaching a deep learning model on individual health has its complexities. It involves combining all the known data along with new data which can be too much intruding into the personal life.

· To train a virtual medical coach to be able to interact with a large population, all the biomedical literature needs to be continually ingested. This is a limitation considering the huge volumes of data that need to be used for the training.

· The imminent risk in the current era is cyber theft. The privacy of medical data needs to be taken very seriously as data in the wrong hands could lead to unwanted outcomes.

· As patients undergo different tests from time to time, physicians need to face the problem of handling ever-increasing loads of complex information.

AI in medicine and healthcare is still in its nascent stages. Better patient outcomes and reduced mortality with simplified healthcare and lower costs are the major advantages of AI. Right from the discovery of a drug until the time it reaches the patient, AI plays a major role in many aspects.

However, as discussed above, there are several limitations to using AI in healthcare. Nonetheless, scientists are striving hard to minimise these limitations and make them a boon to mankind.

The innovations that AI brings into healthcare systems can change things: new ways to treat people and a way – not to replace doctors – but to reduce the potential risk of mistakes happening during the process.

· ‘The Patient will see you now- The future of medicine is in your hands’ by Eric Topol

· ‘The Digital Doctor’ by Robert Wachter

· ‘Deep Medicine- How artificial intelligence can make healthcare human again’ by Eric Topol

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