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Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?

You might know that java passes by value, but it helps to understand why. here's what happens when you pass mutable and immutable object references in java..

Scoring the winning points at a basketball game

Many programming languages allow passing objects by reference or by value. In Java, we can only pass object parameters by value. This imposes limits and also raises questions. For instance, if the parameter value is changed in the method, what happens to the value following method execution? You may also wonder how Java manages object values in the memory heap. This article helps you resolve these and other common questions about object references in Java.

Passing object references in Java

In this article you’ll learn the difference between passing by reference and passing by value in Java and how to pass Java object references:

‘Pass by reference’ and ‘pass by value’ defined

Java object references are passed by value, passing primitive types in java, passing immutable object references in java, passing mutable object references in java.

What to avoid when passing object references
What to remember about passing object references

Pass by reference means we pass the location in memory where the variable’s value is stored and pass by value means we pass a copy of the variable’s actual value. It’s a bit more complicated than that, of course, but this definition is a good starting point.

Passing by value means we pass a copy of the value.
Passing by reference means we pass the real reference to the variable in memory.

All object references in Java are passed by value. This means that a copy of the value will be passed to a method. The tricky part is that passing a copy of the value changes the real value of the object. This example should help you understand why:

What do you think the simpson.name will be after the transformIntoHomer method is executed?

In this case, it will be Homer! The reason is that Java object variables are simply references that point to real objects in the memory heap. Therefore, even though Java passes parameters to methods by value, if the variable points to an object reference, the real object will also be changed.

If you’re still not sure how this works, consider the following diagram:

Flow diagram of object references in Java

Like object types, primitive types are also passed by value. Can you guess what will happen to the primitive types in the following code example?

If you determined that the value would change to 30, you are correct. It’s 30 because (again) Java passes object parameters by value. The number 30 is just a copy of the value, not the real value. Primitive types are allocated in the stack memory, so only the local value will be changed. In this case, there is no object reference.

What if we did the same test with an immutable String object? Notice what happens when we change the value of a String :

What do you think the output will be? If you guessed “” then congratulations! That happens because a String object is immutable , which means that the fields inside the String are final and can’t be changed.

Making the String class immutable gives us better control over one of Java’s most used objects. If the value of a String could be changed, it would create many bugs. Note, also, that we are not changing an attribute of the String class; instead, we’re simply assigning a new String value to it. In this case, the “Homer” value will be passed to name in the changeToHomer method. The String “Homer” will be eligible to be garbage collected as soon as the changeToHomer method completes execution. Even though the object can’t be changed, the local variable will be.

Unlike String , most objects in the JDK are mutable, like the StringBuilder class. The example below is similar to the previous one, but features StringBuilder rather than String :

Can you guess the output for this example? In this case, because we’re working with a mutable object, the output will be “Homer Simpson.” You could expect the same behavior from any other mutable object in Java.

Summary of what you’ve learned

You’ve learned that Java objects are passed by value, meaning that a copy of the value is passed . Just remember that the copied value points to a real object in the Java memory heap. Also, remember that passing by value changes the value of the real object.

What to avoid when passing Java object references

Don’t try to change an immutable value by reference.
Don’t try to change a primitive variable by reference.
Don’t expect the real object won’t change when you change a mutable object parameter in a method (it will change).

What to remember about passing Java object references

Java always passes parameter variables by value.
Object variables in Java always point to the real object in the memory heap.
A mutable object’s value can be changed when it is passed to a method.
An immutable object’s value cannot be changed, even if it is passed a new value.

Test what you’ve learned about object references

Now, let’s test what you’ve learned about object references. In the code example below, you see the immutable String and the mutable StringBuilder class. Each is being passed as a parameter to a method. Knowing that Java only passes by value, what do you believe will be the output once the main method from this class is executed?

Here are the options, check the end of the article for the answer.

A : Warrior=null Weapon=null B : Warrior=Dragon Weapon=Dragon C : Warrior=Dragon Knight Weapon=Dragon Sword D : Warrior=Dragon Knight Weapon=Sword

Solving the challenge

The first parameter in the above example is the warriorProfession variable, which is a mutable object. The second parameter, weapon, is an immutable String :

At the first line of this method, we append the Knight value to the warriorProfession variable. Remember that warriorProfession is a mutable object; therefore the real object will be changed, and the value from it will be “Dragon Knight.”

In the second instruction, the immutable local String variable will be changed to “Dragon Sword.” The real object will never be changed, however, since String is immutable and its attributes are final:

Finally, we pass null to the variables here, but not to the objects. The objects will remain the same as long as they are still accessible externally—in this case through the main method. And, although the local variables will be null, nothing will happen to the objects:

From this we can conclude that the final values from our mutable StringBuilder and immutable String will be:

The only value that changed in the changeWarriorClass method was warriorProfession , because it’s a mutable StringBuilder object. Note that warriorWeapon did not change because it’s an immutable String object.

The correct output from our Challenger code would be:

D : Warrior=Dragon Knight Weapon=Sword .

Video challenge! Debugging object references in Java

Debugging is one of the easiest ways to fully absorb programming concepts while also improving your code. In this video, you can follow along while I debug and explain object references in Java.

Learn more about Java

Get more quick code tips: Read all of Rafael’s articles in the InfoWorld Java Challengers series.
Check out more videos in Rafael’s Java Challengers video playlist .
Find even more Java Challengers on Rafael’s Java Challengers blog and in his book, with more than 70 code challenges .

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Last Minute Java Object Assignment and Object Passing By Value or Reference Explained Tutorial

Java Object Assignment and Object Passing by Value or Reference Infographic

In Java, we create Classes. We create objects of the Classes. Let us know if it is possible to assign a Java Object from one variable to another variable by value or reference in this Last Minute Java Tutorial. We also try to know whether it is possible to pass Java Objects to another method by Value or Reference in this tutorial.

You may also read about Introduction to Java Class Structure .

Java Object Assignment by Value or Reference Explained

In Java, objects are always passed by Reference. Reference is nothing but the starting address of a memory location where the actual object lies. You can create any number of references to just One Object. Let us go by an example.

We create a Class "Cloud" with a single Property called "color". It is a String object. We create 3 objects of the Cloud type.

Notice that all three references obj1, obj2 and obj3 are pointing to the same Cloud object. Thus the above example outputs the same color-property value " RED ". Later, we made the references obj2 and obj3 to point to the null location. Still the original object pointed or referenced by obj1 holds the value. So the final PRINT statement outputs "RED" as usual.

Note : Reference is also called a Variable whether Primitive or Object.

This concludes that a Java object assignment happens by Reference . But the actual value of memory location pointed by References are copied by Value only. So we are actually copying memory locations from one Reference variable to another Reference variable by Value . Interviewers ask this famous Java question just to test your knowledge. If someone asks in C language point of view , say that it is by Reference . If they ask in Java point of view , say that it is by Value.

Java Object Passing by Value or Reference to a Method Explained

You already learnt that Object assignment in Java happens by Reference. Let us try to pass Objects to another method as a parameter or argument. We try to know whether Objects are passed by Value or Reference to another Method using the below example.

In the above example, we have created an object "obj1" of type Tractor. We assigned value of 100 to the property "height". We printed the value before passing the object to another method. Now, we passed the object to another method called "change" from the calling-method " main ". We modified the height property to 200 in the called-method . Now, we tried to print the value of the property in the Calling method. It shows that the Object is modified in the called-method.

Similarly, we can pass Java objects to the Constructor using Pass by Reference or simply Reference .

This concludes that Java Objects are passed to methods by Reference . Here also, we pass the memory location pointed by one Reference variable to another Reference variable of a Called method as a Value only. So, you are actually passing Values (memory locations represented by integer or long data type). But the actual passed-object can only be referenced by a Reference variable. Interviewers take advantage of this tricky logic to confuse you. If someone asks in C language point of view , say that it is by Reference . If they ask in Java point of view , say that it is by Value .

Let us know more about Java Classes with different Constructors and Methods in coming chapters.

Share this Last Minute Java Tutorial explaining Java Object Assignment using Reference and Java Object Passing with Pass by Reference with your friends and colleagues to encourage authors.

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Passing by Value vs. Passing by Reference in Java

While many languages put information passing into the hands of developers, all data is passed by value in java. see how to turn that restriction to your advantage..

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Understanding the technique used to pass information between variables and into methods can be a difficult task for a Java developer, especially those accustomed to a much more verbose programming language, such as C or C++. In these expressive languages, the developer is solely responsible for determining the technique used to pass information between different parts of the system. For example, C++ allows a developer to explicitly pass a piece of data either by value, by reference, or by pointer. The compiler simply ensures that the selected technique is properly implemented and that no invalid operation is performed.

In the case of Java, these low-level details are abstracted, which both reduces the onus on the developer to select a proper means of passing data and increases the security of the language (by inhibiting the manipulation of pointers and directly addressing memory). In addition, though, this level of abstraction hides the details of the technique performed, which can obfuscate a developer's understanding of how data is passed in a program. In this article, we will examine the various techniques used to pass data and deep-dive into the technique that the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and the Java Programming Language use to pass data, as well as explore some examples that demonstrate in practical terms what these techniques mean for a developer.

Terminology

In general, there are two main techniques for passing data in a programming language: (1) passing by value and (2) passing by reference. While some languages consider passing by reference and passing by pointer two different techniques, in theory, one technique can be thought of as a specialization of the other, where a reference is simply an alias to an object, whose implementation is a pointer.

Passing by Value

The first technique, passing by value, is defined as follows:

Passing by value constitutes copying of data, where changes to the copied value are not reflected in the original value

For example, if we call a method that accepts a single integer argument and the method makes an assignment to this argument, the assignment is not preserved once the method returns. While one might expect that the assignment is preserved after the method returns, the assignment is lost because the value placed on the call stack was a copy of the value passed into the method, as illustrated in the snippet below:

If we execute this code, we obtain the following output:

We see that the change made to the argument passed into the process function was not preserved after we exited the scope of the function. This loss of data was due to the fact that a copy of the value held by the someValue variable was placed on the call stack prior to the execution of the process function. Once the process function exited, this copy was popped from the call stack and the changes made to it were lost, as illustrated in the figure below:

Additionally, the action of popping the call stack at the completion of the process method is illustrated in the figure below. Note that the value copied as the argument to the process method is lost (reclaimed) once the call stack is popped, and therefore, all changes made to that value are in turn lost during the reclamation step.

Passing by Reference

The alternative to passing by value is passing by reference, which is defined as follows:

Passing by reference consitutes the aliasing of data, where changes to the aliased value are reflected in the original value

Unlike passing by value, passing by reference ensures that a change made to a value in a different scope is preserved when that scope is exited. For example, if we pass a single argument into a method by reference, and the method makes an assignment to that value within its body, the assignment is preserved when the method exits. This can be demonstrated using the following snippet of C++ code:

If we run this code, we obtain the following output:

In this example, we can see that when we exit the function, the assignment we made to our argument that was passed by reference was preserved outside of the scope of the function. In the case of C++, we can see that under-the-hood, the compiler has passed a pointer into the function that points to the someValue variable. Thus, when this pointer is dereferenced (as happens during reassignment), we are making a change to the exact location in memory that stores the someValue variable. This principle is demonstrated in the illustrations below:

Passing Data in Java

Unlike in C++, Java does not have a means of explicitly differentiating between pass by reference and pass by value. Instead, the Java Language Specification ( Section 4.3 ) declares that the passing of all data, both object and primitive data, is defined by the following rule:

All data is passed by value

Although this rule may be simple on the surface, it requires some further explanation. In the case of primitive values, the value is simply the actual data associated with the primitive (.e.g 1 , 20.7 , true , etc.) and the value of the data is copied each time it is passed. For example, if we define an expression such as int x = 7 , the variable x holds the literal value of 7 . In the case of objects in Java, a more expanded rule is used:

The value associated with an object is actually a pointer, called a reference, to the object in memory

For example, if we define an expression such as Foo foo = new Foo() , the variable foo does not hold the Foo object created, but rather, a pointer value to the created Foo object. The value of this pointer to the object (what the Java specification calls an object reference , or simply reference) is copied each time it is passed. According to the Objects section (Section 4.3.1) of the Java Language Specification, only the following can be performed on an object reference:

Field access, using either a qualified name or a field access expression
Method invocation
The cast operator
The string concatenation operator + , which, when given a String operand and a reference, will convert the reference to a String by invoking the toString method of the referenced object (using "null" if either the reference or the result of toString is a null reference), and then will produce a newly created String that is the concatenation of the two strings
The instanceof operator
The reference equality operators == and !=
The conditional operator ? :

In practice, this means that we can change the fields of the object passed into a method and invoke its methods, but we cannot change the object that the reference points to. Since the pointer is passed into the method by value, the original pointer is copied to the call stack when the method is invoked. When the method scope is exited, the copied pointer is lost, thus losing the change to the pointer value.

Although the pointer is lost, the changes to the fields are preserved because we are dereferencing the pointer to access the pointed-to object: The pointer passed into the method and the pointer copied to the call stack are identical (although independent) and thus point to the same object. Thus, when the pointer is dereferenced, the same object at the same location in memory is accessed. Therefore, when we make a change to the dereferenced object, we are changing a shared object. This concept is illustrated in the figure below:

This should not be confused with passing by reference: If the pointer were passed by reference, the variable foo would be an alias to someFoo and changing the object that foo points to would also change the object that someFoo points to. In this case, though, a copied pointer is passed into the function, and thus, the change to the pointer value is lost once the call stack it popped.

While it is crucial to understand the concepts behind passing data in a programming language (Java in particular), many times it is difficult to solidify these theoretical ideas without concrete examples. In this section, we will cover four primary examples:

Assigning primitive values to a variable
Passing primitive values to a method
Assigning object values to a variable
Passing object values to a method

For each of these examples, we will explore a snippet of code accompanied by print statements that show the value of the primitive or object at each major step in the assignment or the argument-passing process.

Primitive Type Example

Since Java primitives are not objects, primitives and objects are treated as two separate cases with respect to data binding (assignment) and argument-passing. In this section, we will focus on binding primitive data to a variable and passing primitive data to a simple method.

Assigning Values to Variable

If we assign an existing primitive value, such as someValue , to a new variable, anotherValue , the primitive value is copied to the new variable. Since the value is copied, the two variables are not aliases of one another, and therefore, when the original variable, someValue , is changed, the change is not reflected in anotherValue :

If we execute this snippet, we receive the following output:

Passing Values to Method

Similar to making primitive assignments, the arguments for a method are bound by value, and thus, if a change is made to the argument within the scope of the method, the changes are not preserved when the method scope is exited:

If we run this code, we see that the original value of 7 is preserved when the scope of the process method is exited, even though that argument was assigned a value of 50 within the method scope:

Object Type Example

While all values, both primitive and object, are passed by value in Java, there are some nuances in passing objects by value that are made explicit when seen in an example. Just as with primitive types, we will explore both assignment and argument binding the following examples.

The variable binding semantics of for objects and primitives are nearly identical, but instead of binding a copy of the primitive value, we bind a copy of the object address. We can see this in action in the following snippet:

In this example, we expect that assigning a new Ball object to someBall (after assigning someBall to anotherBall ) does not change the value of anotherBall , since anotherBall holds a copy of the address for the original someBall . When the address stored at someBall changes, no change is made to anotherBall because the copied value in anotherBall is completely independent of the address value stored in someBall . If we execute this code, we see our expected results (note that the address of each Ball object will vary between executions, but the address in line 1 and line 3 should be identical, regardless of the specific address value):

Passing Values to Methods

The last case we must cover is that of passing an object into a method. In this case, we see that we are able to change the fields associated with the passed in object, but if we try to reassign a value to the argument itself, this reassignment is lost when the method scope is exited.

If we execute this code, we see the following output:

Although there is a large volume of output, if we take each line one at a time, we see that when we make a change to the fields of a Vehicle object passed into a method, the field changes are preserved, but when we try to reassign a new Vehicle object to the argument, the change is not preserved once we leave the scope of the method.

In the former case, the address of the Vehicle created outside the method is copied to the argument of the method, and thus both point to the same Vehicle object. If this pointer is dereferenced (which occurs when the fields of the object are accessed or changed), the same object is changed. In the latter case, when we try to reassign the argument with a new address, the change is lost because the argument is only a copy of the address of the original object, and thus, once the method scope is exited, the copy is lost.

A secondary principle can be formed from this mechanism in Java: Do not reassign arguments passed into a method (codified by Martin Fowler in the refactoring Remove Assignments to Parameters ). To ensure that no such reassignment of method arguments is made, the arguments can be marked as final in the method signature. Note that a new local variable can be used instead of the arguments if reassigned is required:

Although fundamental principles such as data binding schemes and data passing schemes can seem abstract in the realm of daily programming, these concepts are essential in avoiding subtle mistakes. Unlike other programming languages (such as C++), Java simplifies its data binding and passing scheme into a single rule: Data is always passed by value. Although this rule can be a harsh restriction, its simplicity, and understanding how to apply this simplicity, can be a major asset when accomplishing a slew of daily tasks.

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The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.

Assignment, Arithmetic, and Unary Operators

The simple assignment operator.

One of the most common operators that you'll encounter is the simple assignment operator " = ". You saw this operator in the Bicycle class; it assigns the value on its right to the operand on its left:

This operator can also be used on objects to assign object references , as discussed in Creating Objects .

The Arithmetic Operators

The Java programming language provides operators that perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. There's a good chance you'll recognize them by their counterparts in basic mathematics. The only symbol that might look new to you is " % ", which divides one operand by another and returns the remainder as its result.

The following program, ArithmeticDemo , tests the arithmetic operators.

This program prints the following:

You can also combine the arithmetic operators with the simple assignment operator to create compound assignments . For example, x+=1; and x=x+1; both increment the value of x by 1.

The + operator can also be used for concatenating (joining) two strings together, as shown in the following ConcatDemo program:

By the end of this program, the variable thirdString contains "This is a concatenated string.", which gets printed to standard output.

The Unary Operators

The unary operators require only one operand; they perform various operations such as incrementing/decrementing a value by one, negating an expression, or inverting the value of a boolean.

The following program, UnaryDemo , tests the unary operators:

The increment/decrement operators can be applied before (prefix) or after (postfix) the operand. The code result++; and ++result; will both end in result being incremented by one. The only difference is that the prefix version ( ++result ) evaluates to the incremented value, whereas the postfix version ( result++ ) evaluates to the original value. If you are just performing a simple increment/decrement, it doesn't really matter which version you choose. But if you use this operator in part of a larger expression, the one that you choose may make a significant difference.

The following program, PrePostDemo , illustrates the prefix/postfix unary increment operator:

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setDouble()
Java AtomicInteger Class
addAndGet(int delta)
compareAndSet(int expect, int update)
decrementAndGet()
doubleValue()
floatValue()
getAndAdd()
getAndDecrement()
getAndSet()
incrementAndGet()
getAndIncrement()
lazySet(int newValue)
longValue()
set(int newValue)
weakCompareAndSet(int expect,int newValue)
Java AtomicLong Methods
addAndGet()
compareAndSet()
weakCompareAndSet()
Java Authenticator
getPasswordAuthentication()
getRequestingHost()
getRequestingPort()
getRequestingPrompt()
getRequestingProtocol()
getRequestingScheme()
getRequestingSite()
getRequestingURL()
getRequestorType()
setDefault()
Java BigDecimal class
intValueExact()
movePointLeft()
movePointRight()
Big Integer Class
bitLength()
compareTo()
divideAndRemainder()
getLowestSetBit()
isProbablePrime()
modInverse()
nextProbablePrime()
probablePrime()
shiftLeft()
shiftRight()
toByteArray()
Java Boolean class
booleanValue()
logicalAnd()
logicalOr()
logicalXor()
parseBoolean()

Java Byte Class

byteValue()
compareUnsigned()
parseByte()
shortValue()
toUnsignedInt()
toUnsignedLong()
asSubclass()
desiredAssertionStatus()
getAnnotatedInterfaces()
getAnnotatedSuperclass()
getAnnotation()
getAnnotationsByType()
getAnnotations()
getCanonicalName()
getClasses()
getClassLoader()
getComponentType
getConstructor()
getConstructors()
getDeclaredAnnotation()
getDeclaredAnnotationsByType()
getDeclaredAnnotations()
getDeclaredConstructor()
getDeclaredConstructors()
getDeclaredField()
getDeclaredFields()
getDeclaredMethod()
getDeclaredMethods()
getDeclaringClass()
getFields()
getGenericInterfaces()
getGenericSuperClass()
getInterfaces()
getMethod()
getMethods()
getModifiers()
getPackage()
getPackageName()
getProtectionDomain()
getResource()
getSigners()
getSimpleName()
getSuperClass()
isAnnotation()
isAnnotationPresent()
isAnonymousClass()
isInstance()
isInterface()
isPrimitive()
isSynthetic()
Java Collections class
asLifoQueue()
binarySearch()
checkedCollection()
checkedList()
checkedMap()
checkedNavigableMap()
checkedNavigableSet()
checkedQueue()
checkedSet()
checkedSortedMap()
checkedSortedSet()
emptyEnumeration()
emptyIterator()
emptyList()
emptyListIterator()
emptyNavigableMap()
emptyNavigableSet()
emptySortedMap()
emptySortedSet()
enumeration()
frequency()
indexOfSubList()
lastIndexOfSubList()
newSetFromMap()
replaceAll()
reverseOrder()
singleton()
singletonList()
singletonMap()
synchronizedCollection()
synchronizedList()
synchronizedMap()
synchronizedNavigableMap()
synchronizedNavigableSet()
synchronizedSet()
synchronizedSortedMap()
synchronizedSortedSet()
unmodifiableCollection()
unmodifiableList()
unmodifiableMap()
unmodifiableNavigableMap()
unmodifiableNavigableSet()
unmodifiableSet()
unmodifiableSortedMap()
unmodifiableSortedSet()

Java Compiler Class

Java Compiler
compileClass()
compileClasses()

CopyOnWriteArrayList

Java CopyOnWriteArrayList
lastIndexOf()

Java Math Methods

Math.round()
Math.sqrt()
Math.cbrt()
Math.signum()
Math.ceil()
Math.copySign()
Math.nextAfter()
Math.nextUp()
Math.nextDown()
Math.floor()
Math.floorDiv()
Math.random()
Math.rint()
Math.hypot()
Math.getExponent()
Math.IEEEremainder()
Math.addExact()
Math.subtractExact()
Math.multiplyExact()
Math.incrementExact()
Math.decrementExact()
Math.negateExact()
Math.toIntExact()
Math.log10()
Math.log1p()
Math.expm1()
Math.asin()
Math.acos()
Math.atan()
Math.sinh()
Math.cosh()
Math.tanh()
Math.toDegrees
Math.toRadians

LinkedBlockingDeque

Java LinkedBlockingDeque
descendingIterator()
offerFirst()
offerLast()
peekFirst()
pollFirst()
Java Long class

LinkedTransferQueue

Java LinkedTransferQueue
spliterator()
Difference between Array and ArrayList
When to use ArrayList and LinkedList in Java
Difference between ArrayList and Vector
How to Compare Two ArrayList in Java
How to reverse ArrayList in Java
How to make ArrayList Read Only
Difference between length of array and size() of ArrayList in Java
How to Synchronize ArrayList in Java
How to convert ArrayList to Array and Array to ArrayList in java
Array vs ArrayList in Java
How to Sort Java ArrayList in Descending Order
How to remove duplicates from ArrayList in Java
Java MulticastSocket
getInterface()
getLoopbackMode()
getNetworkInterface()
getTimeToLive()
joinGroup()
leaveGroup()
setInterface()
setLoopbackMode()
setNetworkInterface()
setTimeToLive()
Java Number Class

Java Phaser Class

Java Phaser
arriveAndAwaitAdvance()
arriveAndDeregister()
getParent()
awaitAdvanceInterruptibly()
awaitAdvance()
bulkRegister()
forceTermination()
getArrivedParties()
getRegisteredParties()
getUnarrivedParties()
isTerminated()

ArrayList Methods

listIterator()
removeRange

Java Thread Methods

currentThread()
getPriority()
setPriority()
setDaemon()
interrupt()
isinterrupted()
interrupted()
activeCount()
checkAccess()
dumpStack()
getStackTrace()
enumerate()
getThreadGroup()
notifyAll()
setContextClassLoader()
getContextClassLoader()
getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler()
setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler()

Java Projects

Free Java Projects
Payment Bill(JSP)
Transport (JSP)
Connect Globe (JSP)
Online Banking (JSP)
Online Quiz (JSP)
Classified (JSP)
Mailcasting (JSP)
Online Library (JSP)
Pharmacy (JSP)
Mailer (Servlet)
Baby Care (Servlet)
Chat Server (Core)
Library (Core)
Exam System (Core)
Java Apps (Core)
Fee Report (Core)
Fee (Servlet)
eLibrary (Servlet)
Fire Detection
Attendance System
Fibonacci Series in Java
Prime Number Program in Java
Palindrome Program in Java
Factorial Program in Java
Armstrong Number in Java
How to Generate Random Number in Java
How to Print Pattern in Java
How to Compare Two Objects in Java
How to Create Object in Java
How to Print ASCII Value in Java
How to Reverse a Number in Java
Java Program to convert Number to Word
Automorphic Number Program in Java
Peterson Number in Java
Sunny Number in Java
Tech Number in Java
Fascinating Number in Java
Keith Number in Java
Neon Number in Java
Spy Number in Java
ATM program Java
Autobiographical Number in Java
Emirp Number in Java
Sphenic Number in Java
Buzz Number Java
Duck Number Java
Evil Number Java
ISBN Number Java
Krishnamurthy Number Java
Bouncy Number in Java
Mystery Number in Java
Smith Number in Java
Strontio Number in Java
Xylem and Phloem Number in Java
nth Prime Number Java
Java Program to Display Alternate Prime Numbers
Java Program to Find Square Root of a Number Without sqrt Method
Java Program to Swap Two Numbers Using Bitwise Operator
Java Program to Find GCD of Two Numbers
Java Program to Find Largest of Three Numbers
Java Program to Find Smallest of Three Numbers Using Ternary Operator
Java Program to Check if a Number is Positive or Negative
Java Program to Check if a Given Number is Perfect Square
Java Program to Display Even Numbers From 1 to 100
Java Program to Display Odd Numbers From 1 to 100
Java Program to Find Sum of Natural Numbers
Java Program to copy all elements of one array into another array
Java Program to find the frequency of each element in the array
Java Program to left rotate the elements of an array
Java Program to print the duplicate elements of an array
Java Program to print the elements of an array
Java Program to print the elements of an array in reverse order
Java Program to print the elements of an array present on even position
Java Program to print the elements of an array present on odd position
Java Program to print the largest element in an array
Java Program to print the smallest element in an array
Java Program to print the number of elements present in an array
Java Program to print the sum of all the items of the array
Java Program to right rotate the elements of an array
Java Program to sort the elements of an array in ascending order
Java Program to sort the elements of an array in descending order
Java Program to Find 3rd Largest Number in an array
Java Program to Find 2nd Largest Number in an array
Java Program to Find Largest Number in an array
Java to Program Find 2nd Smallest Number in an array
Java Program to Find Smallest Number in an array
Java Program to Remove Duplicate Element in an array
Java Program to Print Odd and Even Numbers from an array
How to Sort an Array in Java
Java Matrix Programs
Java Program to Add Two Matrices
Java Program to Multiply Two Matrices
Java Program to subtract the two matrices
Java Program to determine whether two matrices are equal
Java Program to display the lower triangular matrix
Java Program to display the upper triangular matrix
Java Program to find the frequency of odd & even numbers in the given matrix
Java Program to find the product of two matrices
Java Program to find the sum of each row and each column of a matrix
Java Program to find the transpose of a given matrix
Java Program to determine whether a given matrix is an identity matrix
Java Program to determine whether a given matrix is a sparse matrix
Java Program to Transpose matrix
Java Program to count the total number of characters in a string
Java Program to count the total number of characters in a string 2
Java Program to count the total number of punctuation characters exists in a String
Java Program to count the total number of vowels and consonants in a string
Java Program to determine whether two strings are the anagram
Java Program to divide a string in 'N' equal parts.
Java Program to find all subsets of a string
Java Program to find the longest repeating sequence in a string
Java Program to find all the permutations of a string
Java Program to remove all the white spaces from a string
Java Program to replace lower-case characters with upper-case and vice-versa
Java Program to replace the spaces of a string with a specific character
Java Program to determine whether a given string is palindrome
Java Program to determine whether one string is a rotation of another
Java Program to find maximum and minimum occurring character in a string
Java Program to find Reverse of the string
Java program to find the duplicate characters in a string
Java program to find the duplicate words in a string
Java Program to find the frequency of characters
Java Program to find the largest and smallest word in a string
Java Program to find the most repeated word in a text file
Java Program to find the number of the words in the given text file
Java Program to separate the Individual Characters from a String
Java Program to swap two string variables without using third or temp variable.
Java Program to print smallest and biggest possible palindrome word in a given string
Reverse String in Java Word by Word
Reserve String without reverse() function
Linear Search in Java
Binary Search in Java
Bubble Sort in Java
Selection Sort in Java
Insertion Sort in Java
How to convert String to int in Java
How to convert int to String in Java
How to convert String to long in Java
How to convert long to String in Java
How to convert String to float in Java
How to convert float to String in Java
How to convert String to double in Java
How to convert double to String in Java
How to convert String to Date in Java
How to convert Date to String in Java
How to convert String to char in Java
How to convert char to String in Java
How to convert String to Object in Java
How to convert Object to String in Java
How to convert int to long in Java
How to convert long to int in Java
How to convert int to double in Java
How to convert double to int in Java
How to convert char to int in Java
How to convert int to char in Java
How to convert String to boolean in Java
How to convert boolean to String in Java
How to convert Date to Timestamp in Java
How to convert Timestamp to Date in Java
How to convert Binary to Decimal in Java
How to convert Decimal to Binary in Java
How to convert Hex to Decimal in Java
How to convert Decimal to Hex in Java
How to convert Octal to Decimal in Java
How to convert Decimal to Octal in Java
Java program to print the following spiral pattern on the console
Java program to print the following pattern
Java program to print the following pattern 2
Java program to print the following pattern 3
Java program to print the following pattern 4
Java program to print the following pattern 5
Java program to print the following pattern on the console
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 2
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 3
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 4
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 5
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 6
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 7
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 8
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 9
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 10
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 11
Java program to print the following pattern on the console 12
Singly linked list Examples in Java
Java Program to create and display a singly linked list
Java program to create a singly linked list of n nodes and count the number of nodes
Java program to create a singly linked list of n nodes and display it in reverse order
Java program to delete a node from the beginning of the singly linked list
Java program to delete a node from the middle of the singly linked list
Java program to delete a node from the end of the singly linked list
Java program to determine whether a singly linked list is the palindrome
Java program to find the maximum and minimum value node from a linked list
Java Program to insert a new node at the middle of the singly linked list
Java program to insert a new node at the beginning of the singly linked list
Java program to insert a new node at the end of the singly linked list
Java program to remove duplicate elements from a singly linked list
Java Program to search an element in a singly linked list
Java program to create and display a Circular Linked List
Java program to create a Circular Linked List of N nodes and count the number of nodes
Java program to create a Circular Linked List of n nodes and display it in reverse order
Java program to delete a node from the beginning of the Circular Linked List
Java program to delete a node from the end of the Circular Linked List
Java program to delete a node from the middle of the Circular Linked List
Java program to find the maximum and minimum value node from a circular linked list
Java program to insert a new node at the beginning of the Circular Linked List
Java program to insert a new node at the end of the Circular Linked List
Java program to insert a new node at the middle of the Circular Linked List
Java program to remove duplicate elements from a Circular Linked List
Java program to search an element in a Circular Linked List
Java program to sort the elements of the Circular Linked List
Java program to convert a given binary tree to doubly linked list
Java program to create a doubly linked list from a ternary tree
Java program to create a doubly linked list of n nodes and count the number of nodes
Java program to create a doubly linked list of n nodes and display it in reverse order
Java program to create and display a doubly linked list
Java program to delete a new node from the beginning of the doubly linked list
Java program to delete a new node from the end of the doubly linked list
Java program to delete a new node from the middle of the doubly linked list
Java program to find the maximum and minimum value node from a doubly linked list
Java program to insert a new node at the beginning of the Doubly Linked list
Java program to insert a new node at the end of the Doubly Linked List
Java program to insert a new node at the middle of the Doubly Linked List
Java program to remove duplicate elements from a Doubly Linked List
Java program to rotate doubly linked list by N nodes
Java program to search an element in a doubly linked list
Java program to sort the elements of the doubly linked list
Java Program to calculate the Difference between the Sum of the Odd Level and the Even Level Nodes of a Binary Tree
Java program to construct a Binary Search Tree and perform deletion and In-order traversal
Java program to convert Binary Tree to Binary Search Tree
Java program to determine whether all leaves are at same level
Java program to determine whether two trees are identical
Java program to find maximum width of a binary tree
Java program to find the largest element in a Binary Tree
Java program to find the maximum depth or height of a tree
Java program to find the nodes which are at the maximum distance in a Binary Tree
Java program to find the smallest element in a tree
Java program to find the sum of all the nodes of a binary tree
Java program to find the total number of possible Binary Search Trees with N keys
Java program to implement Binary Tree using the Linked List
Java program to search a node in a Binary Tree
Candy Distribution Problem in Java
Find Rectangle in a Matrix with Corner as 1 in Java
Minimum Number of Taps to Open to Water a Garden in Java
Seven Segment Display Problem in Java
Split Array Largest Sum in Java
Find Original Array from a Double Array in Java
Minimum Lights to Activate Problem in Java
Rotate List in Java
Count of Range Sum Problem in Java
Create A Tree of Coprime in Java
Convert Integer to Roman Numerals in Java
Check if n and its Double Exist or not in Java
Array of Doubled Pair Problem in Java
Tag Content Extractor Problem in Java
Convert Roman to Integer in Java
Minimum Number of Flips to Convert Binary Matrix into Zero Matrix in Java
XOR of Array Elements Except Itself in Java
Check If the Given Array is Mirror Inverse in Java
How to Create a Mirror Image of A 2D Array in Java
Add Numbers Represented by Linked Lists in Java
Majority Element In an Array in Java
Block Swap Algorithm or Array Rotation in Java
Minimum Difference Among Group Size Two in Java
Missing Number in An Arithmetic Progression in Java
Peak Index of Mountain Array Problem in Java
Minimum Number of Meeting Room Required Problem in Java
Move Zeros to End in Java
Count Inversions in an array in Java
Count Smaller Elements on The Right Side in Java
Interleaving String Problem in Java
Bulb Chain Problem in Java
Java Main Method
System.out.println()
Java Memory Management
Java ClassLoader
Java Decompiler
Java vs. JavaScript
Java vs. Kotlin
Java vs. Python
Java Absolute Value
How to Create File
Delete a File in Java
Open a File in Java
Sort a List in Java
Convert byte Array to String
Java Basics
How to Compile & Run Java Program
How to Run Java Program in Eclipse
How to Verify Java Version
Ways to Create an Object in Java
How to Run a Java program in Windows 10
Runnable Interface in Java
Java Keystore
Get input from user in Java
Read file line by line in Java
Take String input in Java
How to Read Excel File in Java
Read XML File in Java
CompletableFuture in Java
Java ExecutorService
How to iterate Map in Java
How to Return an Array in Java
How to Sort HashMap by Value
How to Sort HashMap in Java
Load Factor in HashMap
Array vs ArrayList
HashMap vs TreeMap
HashSet vs HashMap class
Compare Two ArrayList in Java
Merge Two Arrays in Java
Print Array in Java
Read CSV File in Java
Remove Special Characters from String
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
ConcurrentModificationException
NoSuchElementException
NumberFormatException
How to Sort ArrayList in Java
How to Download Java
How to Call a Method in Java
How to Create Singleton Class in Java
How to Find Array Length in Java
How to Read Character in Java
Can We Overload main() Method in Java
How to Convert Char Array to String in Java
How to Run Java Program in CMD Using Notepad
How to Sort String Array in Java
How to Compare Dates in Java
How to Take Multiple String Input in Java Using Scanner
How to Remove Last Character from String in Java
How TreeMap Works Internally in Java
Java Program to Break Integer into Digits
Java Program to Calculate Area and Circumference of Circle
What is Diamond Problem in Java
Java Program to Read Number from Standard Input
How to Download Minecraft Java Edition
Can We Override Static Method in Java
How to Avoid Deadlock in Java
How to Achieve Abstraction in Java
How Garbage Collection Works in Java
How to Take Array Input in Java
How to Create Array of Objects in Java
How to Create Package in Java
How to Print in Java
What is Framework in Java
Why Java is Secure
How to Iterate List in Java
How to Use Eclipse for Java
Which Package is Imported by Default in Java
Could Not Find or Load Main Class in Java
How to Compare Two Arrays in Java
How to Convert String to JSON Object in Java
Which is Better Java or Python
How to Update Java
How to Get Value from JSON Object in Java Example
How to Split a String in Java with Delimiter
Structure of Java Program
Why We Use Constructor in Java
Java Create Excel File
Java Interpreter
javac is not Recognized
Dynamic Array in Java
Shunting yard algorithm
Java Destructor
Custom ArrayList in Java
ArrayList vs HashMap
Java Constant
Java Tokens
How to Enable Java in Chrome
Java Semaphore
Array to List in Java
JIT in Java
How to Clear Screen in Java
Java Logger
Reverse a String Using Recursion in Java
Java Path Vs File
Float Vs Double Java
Stack vs Heap Java
Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Top 10 Java Books
Public vs Private
What is Java Used For
Bitwise Operator in Java
SOLID Principles Java
Type Casting in Java
Conditional Operator in Java
Ternary Operator Java
Java Architecture
REPL in Java
Types of Exception in Java
Why String is Immutable or Final in Java
Java vs Kotlin
Set in Java
Why non-static variable cannot be referenced from a static context in Java
Java Developer Roles and Responsibilities
Types of Classes in Java
Marker Interface in Java
Static Function in Java
Unary Operators in Java
What is Advance Java
ArrayList Implementation
Convert ArrayList to String Array
Hashmap vs ConcurrentHashMap
List vs ArrayList
Map vs HashMap
HashSet vs LinkedHashSet
How TreeSet Works Internally
LinkedHashMap vs HashMap
Java Program to Solve Quadratic Equation
Scope Resolution Operator in Java
Composition in Java
File Operations in Java
NoClassDefFoundError in Java
Thread Concept in Java
Upcasting and Downcasting in Java
Dynamic Polymorphism in Java
String Pool in Java
What is constructor chaining in Java
Add elements to Array in Java
Advantages and disadvantages of Java
Advantages of JavaBeans
AWS SDK for Java with Apache Maven
AWT and Swing in Java
AWT Program in Java
Boolean values in Java
ByteStream Classes in Java
CharacterStream Classes in Java
Class and Interface in Java
ClassCast Exception in Java
Cloneable in Java
Constructor overloading in Java
Control Flow in Java
Convert Java Object to Json using GSON
Convert XML to JSON in Java
How to avoid null pointer exception in Java
Java constructor returns a value, but what
Singleton Class in Java
Doubly Linked List Program in Java
Association in Java
Big data Java vs Python
Branching Statements in Java
Collections Sort in Java 8
List vs Set in Java
How many days required to learn Java
Implicitly Typecasting in Java
Legacy Class in Java
Character Array in Java
Equals() and Hashcode() in Java
Externalization in Java
Identifiers in Java
InvocationTargetException
Java Pass by Value
Mutable and Immutable in Java
Power Function in Java
Primitive Data Types in Java
String Array in Java
Virtual Function in Java
C vs C++ vs Java
Java String Max Size
Convert Java object to JSON
How to Calculate Date Difference in Java
How to Improve Coding Skills in Java
Java Email Validation
Java Testing Tools
Permutation and Combination in Java
Unique Number in Java Program
Java Code for DES
Pig Latin Program in Java
Array Rotation in Java
Equilibrium Index of an Array in Java
Different Ways to Print Exception Message in Java
Java Copy Constructor Example
Why We Use Static Class in Java
What is Core Java
Set vs Map in Java
How to Create a New Folder in Java
Remove an Element from ArrayList in Java
How to Create Test Cases for Exceptions in Java
How to Convert JSON Array to ArrayList in Java
How to Create a Class File in Java
Java Spring Pros & Cons
Java Stack Trace
Array Slicing in Java
Flutter vs Java
Permutation of Numbers in Java
Magic Number in Java
Reference Data Types in Java
Counter variable in Java
How to take Character Input in Java using BufferedReader Class
Java employee details program
Java is case sensitive explain
Ramanujan Number or Taxicab Number in Java
Advanced Java Books in 2021
Fail Fast and Fail Safe Iterator in Java
How to build a Web Application Using Java
Is Java Interpreted or Compiled
Java Big Data Frameworks
Java Get Data From URL
No Main Manifest Attribute
Java missing return statement
Java program to remove duplicate characters from a string
JUnit test case example in Java
List of logical programs in Java
PermGen space Java
Unsigned Right Shift Operator in Java
Infix to Postfix Java
Memory Leak in Java
How To Write Test Cases In Java
Java 32-Bit Download For Windows 10
FizzBuzz Program in Java
A Java Runtime Environment JRE Or JDK Must Be Available
Java Does Not Open
No Java Virtual Machine was Found
Java Program Number to Word
Types of Garbage Collector in Java
No Suitable Driver Found For JDBC
AVL Tree program in Java
Fail-fast and Fail-safe in Java
Find unique elements in array Java
Highest precedence in Java
Java Closure
Java String Encoding
Prim's algorithm Java
Quartz scheduler java
Red Black Tree Java
GC Overhead Limit Exceeded
Generating QR Code in Java
Delegation Event Model in Java
Java Profilers
Java Flight Recorder
Bucket Sort in Java
Java Atomic
Wait vs Sleep in Java
Executor Framework Java
Gregorian calendar Java
int vs Integer Java
What is truncation in Java
Java HTTP Proxy Server
Java Static Constructor
How to prepare for Java Interview
Java callback function
Java 8 vs Java 11
Login Form Java
Vaadin Framework Java
EJB vs. Spring
Types of Applets in Java
Visitor Design Pattern Java
Advantages of Python over Java
Design Principles in Java
JSON Validator Java
Pseudocode Java
Windows Programming Using Java
Vert.x Java
Complex Java Programs
ORE Number Java
PalPrime Number Java
Twin Prime Numbers
Twisted Prime Number Java
Ugly number Java
Achilles Number in Java
Amicable Pair Number in Java
Playfair Cipher Program in Java
Java.lang.outofmemoryerror: java heap space
Banker's Algorithm Java
Kruskal Algorithm Java
Longest Common Subsequence
Travelling Salesman Problem
& vs && in Java
Jumping Number in Java
Lead Number in Java
Lucky Number in Java
Middle Digit Number in Java
Special Number in Java
Passing Array to Function In Java
Lexicographical Order Java
Adam Number in Java
Bell Number in Java
Reduce Java
LRU Cache Implementation
Goldbach Number in Java
How to Find Number of Objects Created in Java
Multiply Two Numbers Without Using Arithmetic Operator in Java
Sum of Digits of a Number in Java
Sum of Numbers in Java
Power of a Number in Java
Sum of Prime Numbers in Java
Cullen Number in Java
Mobile Number Validation in Java
Fermat Number in Java
Instantiation in Java
Exception Vs Error in Java
flatMap() Method in Java 8
How to Print Table in Java
Java Create PDF
Mersenne Number in Java
Pandigital Number in Java
Pell Number in Java
Java Get Post
Fork Join in Java
Java Callable Example
Blockchain Java
Design of JDBC
Java Anon Proxy
Knapsack Problem Java
Session Tracking in Java
What is Object-Oriented Programming
Literals in Java
Square Free Number in Java
What is an anagram in Java
What is programming
Iterate JSON Array Java
Java Date Add Days
Javac Command Not Found
Factorial Program in Java Using while Loop
Frugal Number in Java
Java Digital Signature
Catalan Number in Java
Partition Number in Java
Powerful Number in Java
Practical Number in Java
Chromatic Number in Java
Sublime Number in Java
Advanced Java Viva Questions
Getter and Setter Method in Java Example
How to convert String to String array in Java
How to Encrypt Password in Java
Instance Variable in Java
Java File Extension
Types of Inheritance in Java
Untouchable Number in Java
AES 256 Encryption in Java
Applications of Array in Java
Example of Static Import in Java
Hill Cipher Program in Java
Lazy Loading in Java
Rectangular Number in Java
How to Print Table in Java Using Formatter
IdentityHashMap Class in Java
Undulating Number in Java
Java Obfuscator
Java Switch String
Applet Life Cycle in Java
Banking Application in Java
Duodecimal in Java
Economical Number in Java
Figurate Number in Java
How to resolve IllegalStateException in Java
Java Coding Software
Java Create Jar Files
Java Framework List
Java Initialize array
java lang exception no runnable methods
Nonagonal Number in Java
SexagesimalFormatter in Java
Sierpinski Number in Java
Vigesimal in Java
Java Color Codes
JDoodle Java
Online Java Compiler
Pyramidal Number in Java
Relatively Prime in Java
Java Modulo
Repdigit Numbers in Java
Abstract Method in Java
Convert Text-to-Speech in Java
Java Editors
MVC Architecture in Java
Narcissistic Number in Java
Hashing Algorithm in Java
Java Escape Characters
Java Operator Precedence
Private Constructor in Java
Scope of Variables in Java
Groovy vs Java
Java File Upload to a Folder
Java Full Stack
Java Developer
Thread States in Java
Java EE vs Node.js
Loose Coupling in Java
Java Top 10 Libraries
Method Hiding in Java
Dijkstra Algorithm Java
Extravagant Number in Java
Java Unicode
New Line in Java
Return Statement in Java
Order of Execution of Constructors in Java Inheritance
Cardinal Number in Java
Hyperfactorial in Java
Identifier Expected Error in Java
Java Generate UUID
Labeled Loop in Java
Lombok Java
Ordinal Number in Java
Tetrahedral Number in Java
Cosmic Superclass in Java
Shallow Copy Java
BiFunction Java 8
Equidigital Number in Java
Fall Through in Java
Java Reserved Keywords
Parking Lot Design Java
Boyer Moore Java
Java Security Framework
Tetranacci Number in Java
BFS Algorithm in Java
CountDownLatch in Java
Counting sort in Java
CRC Program in Java
FileNotFoundException in Java
InputMismatchException in Java
Java ASCII Table
Lock in Java
Segment Tree in Java
Why main() method is always static in Java
Bellman-Ford Algorithm Java
BigDecimal toString() in Java
.NET vs Java
Java ZipFile
Lazy Propagation in Segment Tree in Java
Magnanimous Number in Java
Binary Tree Java
How to Create Zip File in Java
Java Dot Operator
Associativity of Operators in Java
Fenwick Tree in Java
How annotation works in Java
How to Find Length of Integer in Java
Java 8 filters
List All Files in a Directory in Java
How to Get Day Name from Date in Java
Zigzag Array in Java
Class Definition in Java
Find Saddle Point of a Matrix in Java
Non-primitive data types in Java
Pancake Number in Java
Pancake Sorting in Java
Print Matrix Diagonally in Java
Sort Dates in Java
Carmichael Numbers in Java
Contextual Keywords in Java
How to Open Java Control Panel
How to Reverse Linked List in Java
Interchange Diagonal Elements Java Program
Java Set to List
Level Order Traversal of a Binary Tree in Java
Bully algorithm in Java
Convert JSON File to String in Java
Convert Milliseconds to Date in Java
Copy Content/ Data From One File to Another in Java
Constructor vs Method in Java
Access Specifiers vs Modifiers
Java vs PHP
replace() vs replaceAll() in Java
this vs super in Java
Heap implementation in Java
How to Check null in Java
Java Arrays Fill
Rotate Matrix by 90 Degrees in Java
Exception Class in Java
Transient variable in Java
Web crawler Java
Zigzag Traversal of a Binary Tree in Java
Java Get File Size
Internal Working of ArrayList in Java
Java Program to Print Matrix in Z Form
Vertical Order Traversal of a Binary Tree in Java
Group By in Java 8
Hashing Techniques in Java
Implement Queue Using Array in Java
Java 13 Features
Package Program in Java
Canonical Name Java
Method Chaining in Java
Orphaned Case Java
Bottom View of a Binary Tree in Java
Coercion in Java
Dictionary Class in Java
Left View of a Binary Tree in Java
Pangram Program in Java
Top View of a Binary Tree in Java
Tribonacci Series in Java
Hollow Diamond Pattern in Java
Normal and Trace of a Matrix in Java
Right View of a Binary Tree in Java
Dining Philosophers Problem and Solution in Java
Shallow Copy vs Deep Copy in Java
Java Password Generator
Java Program for Shopping Bill
Lock Interface in Java
Convert JSON to Map in Java
Convert JSON to XML in Java
Middle Node of a Linked List in Java
Pernicious Number in Java
Cohesion in Java
How to get UTC time in Java
Jacobsthal Number in Java
Java Calculate Age
Tribonacci Number Java
Bernoulli number in Java
Cake Number in Java
Compare time in Java
Compare Two Sets in Java
Crown Pattern in Java
Convert List to Array in Java
Aggregation vs Composition
Morris Traversal for Inorder in Java
Morris Traversal for Preorder in Java
Package Naming Conversion in Java
India Map Pattern in Java
Ladder Pattern in Java
ORM Tools in Java
Odious Number in Java
Rat in a Maze Problem in Java
Sudoku in Java
Christmas Tree Pattern in Java
Double Hashing in Java
Magic Square in Java
Possible Paths from Top Left to Bottom Right of a Matrix in Java
Palindrome Partitioning Problem in Java
Rehashing in Java
Round Robin Scheduling Program in Java
Types of Statements in Java
Compound Assignment Operator in Java
Prime Points in Java
Butterfly Pattern in Java
Fish Pattern in Java
Flag Pattern in Java
Kite pattern in Java
Swastika Pattern in Java
Tug of War in Java
Clone HashMap in Java
Fibodiv Number in Java
Heart Pattern in Java
How to check data type in Java
Java Array Clone
Use of final Keyword in Java
Factorial of a Large Number in Java
Race Condition in Java
Static Array in Java
Water Jug Problem in Java
Electricity Bill Program in Java
Facts about null in Java
Maximizing Profit in Stock Buy Sell in Java
Permutation Coefficient in Java
Convert List to String in Java
List of Constants in Java
MOOD Factors to Assess a Java Program
Computing Digit Sum of All Numbers From 1 to n in Java
Read PDF File in Java
Finding Odd Occurrence of a Number in Java
Java Indentation
Zig Zag Star and Number Pattern in Java
Check Whether a Number is a Power of 4 or not in Java
Kth Smallest in an Unsorted Array in Java
BlockingQueue in Java
Next Greater Element in Java
Star Numbers in Java
3N+1 Problem in Java
Java Program to Find Local Minima in An Array
Processing Speech in Java
Java Output Formatting
House Numbers in Java
Java Program to Generate Binary Numbers
Longest Odd-Even Subsequence in Java
Java Subtract Days from Current Date
Java Future Example
Minimum Cost Path Problem in Java
Diffie-Hellman Algorithm in Java
Ganesha's Pattern in Java
Hamming Code in Java
Map of Map in Java
Print Pencil Shape Pattern in Java
Zebra Puzzle in Java
Display Unique Rows in a Binary Matrix in Java
Rotate A Matrix By 180 Degree in Java
Dangling Else Problem in Java
Java Application vs Java Applet
Dutch National Flag Problem in Java
Java Calculate Average of List
compareToIgnoreCase Java
Trimorphic Numbers in Java
Arithmetic Exception in Java
Java instanceof operator
Java Localization
Minimum XOR Value Pair in Java
Iccanobif Numbers in Java
Java Program to Count the Occurrences of Each Character
Java Technologies List
Java Program to Find the Minimum Number of Platforms Required for a Railway Station
Shift Operators in Java
Final Object in Java
Object Definition in Java
Shadowing in Java
Zipping and Unzipping Files in Java
Display the Odd Levels Nodes of a Binary Tree in Java
Java Variable Declaration
Nude Numbers in Java
Java Programming Challenges
Java URL Encoder
anyMatch() in Java 8
Sealed Class in Java
Camel case in Java
Career Options for Java Developers to Aim in 2022
Java Progress Bar
Maximum Rectangular Area in a Histogram in Java
Polygonal Number in Java
Two Sorted LinkedList Intersection in Java
Set Matrix Zeros in Java
Find Number of Island in Java
Balanced Prime Number in Java
Minecraft Bedrock vs Java Minecraft
arr.length vs arr[0].length vs arr[1].length in Java
Future in Java 8
How to Set Timer in Java
Construct the Largest Number from the Given Array in Java
Minimum Coins for Making a Given Value in Java
Eclipse Shortcuts Java
Empty Statement in Java
Java Program to Implement Two Stacks in an Array
Java Snippet
Longest Arithmetic Progression Sequence in Java
Types of Sockets in Java
Java Program to Add Digits Until the Number Becomes a Single Digit Number
Next Greater Number with Same Set of Digits in Java
Split the Number String into Primes in Java
Java Cron Expression
Huffman Coding Java
Java Snippet Class
Why Java is So Popular
Java Project idea
Java Web Development
Brilliant Numbers in Java
Sort Elements by Frequency in Java
Beautiful Array in Java
Moran Numbers in Java
Intersection Point of Two Linked List in Java
Sparse Number in Java
How to Check JRE Version
Java Programming Certification
Two Decimal Places Java
Eclipse Change Theme
Java how to Convert Bytes to Hex
Decagonal Numbers in Java
Java Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion
Java Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion
How to Capitalize the First Letter of a String in Java
Java &0XFF Example
Stream findFirst() Method in Java
Balanced Parentheses in Java
Caesar Cipher Program in Java
next() vs nextLine()
Java Split String by Comma
Spliterator in java 8
Tree Model Nodes in Jackson
Types of events in Java
Callable and Future in Java
How to Check Current JDK Version installed in Your System Using CMD
How to Round Double and Float up to Two Decimal Places in Java
Java 8 Multimap
Parallel Stream in Java
Java Convert Bytes to Unsigned Bytes
Display List of TimeZone with GMT and UTC in Java
Binary Strings Without Consecutive Ones in Java
Convert IP to Binary in Java
Returning Multiple Values in Java
Centered Square Numbers in Java
ProcessBuilder in Java
How to Clear Java Cache
IntSummaryStatistics Class in Java
Java ProcessBuilder Example
Java Program to Delete a Directory
Java Program to Print Even Odd Using Two Threads
Java Variant
MessageDigest in Java
Alphabet Pattern in Java
Java Linter
Java Mod Example
Stone Game in Java
TypeErasure in Java
How to Remove substring from String in Java
Program to print a string in vertical in Java
How to Split a String between Numbers and Letters
String Handling in Java
Isomorphic String in Java
Java ImageIO Class
Minimum Difference Subarrays in Java
Plus One to Array Problem in Java
Unequal Adjacent Elements in Java
Java Parallel Stream Example
SHA Hashing in Java
How to make Java projects
Java Fibers
Java MD5 Hashing Example
Hogben Numbers in Java
Self-Descriptive Numbers in Java
Hybrid Inheritance in Java
Java IP Address (IPv4) Regex Examples
Converting Long to Date in JAVA
Java 17 new features
GCD of Different SubSequences in Java
Sylvester Sequence in Java
Console in Java
Asynchronous Call in Java
Minimum Window Substring in Java
Nth Term of Geometric Progression in Java
Coding Guidelines in Java
Couple Holding Hands Problem in Java
Count Ones in a Sorted binary array in Java
Ordered Pair in Java
Tetris Game in Java
Factorial Trailing Zeroes in Java
Java Assert Examples
Minimum Insertion To Form A Palindrome in Java
Wiggle Sort in Java
Java Exit Code 13
Java JFileChooser
What is LINQ
NZEC in Java
Box Stacking Problem
K Most Frequent Elements in Java
Parallel Programming in Java
How to Generate JVM Heap Memory Dump
Java Program to use Finally Block for Catching Exceptions
Count Login Attempts Java
Largest Independent Set in Java
Longest Subarray With All Even or Odd Elements in Java
Open and Closed Hashing in Java
DAO Class in Java
Kynea Numbers in Java
UTF in Java
Zygodromes in Java
ElasticSearch Java API
Form Feed in Java
Java Clone Examples
Payment Gateway Integration in Java
What is PMD
RegionMatches() Method in Java
Repaint() Method in Java
Serial Communication in Java
Count Double Increasing Series in A Range in Java
Longest Consecutive Subsequence in Java
Smallest Subarray With K Distinct Numbers in Java
String Sort Custom in Java
Count Number of Distinct Substrings in a String in Java
Display All Subsets of An Integer Array in Java
Digit Count in a Factorial Of a Number in Java
Valid Parentheses Problem in Java
Median Of Stream Of Running Integers in Java
Arrow Operator in Java
Java Learning app
Create Preorder Using Postorder and Leaf Nodes Array
Display Leaf nodes from Preorder of a BST in Java
Unicodes for Operators in Java
XOR and XNOR operators in Java
AWS Lambda in Java
AWS Polly in Java
SAML in Java
SonarQube in Java
UniRest in Java
Override equals method in Java
Undo and Redo Operations in Java
Size of longest Divisible Subset in an Array in Java
Sort An Array According To The Set Bits Count in Java
Two constructors in one class in Java
Union in Java
What is New in Java 15
ART in Java
Definite Assignment in Java
Cast Operator in Java
Diamond operator in Java
Java Singleton Enum
Three-way operator | Ternary operator in Java
GoF Design Pattern Java
Shorthand Operator in Java
What is new in Java 17
How to Find the Java Version in Linux
What is New in Java 12
Exception in Thread Main java.util.NoSuchElementException no line Found
How to reverse a string using recursion in Java
Java Program to Reverse a String Using Stack
Java Program to Reverse a String Using the Stack Data Structure
Reverse Middle Words of a String in Java
Sastry Numbers in Java
Sum of LCM in Java
Tilde Operator in Java
8 Puzzle problems in Java
Maximum Sum Such That No Two Elements Are Adjacent in Java
Reverse a String in Place in Java
Reverse a string Using a Byte array in Java
Reverse a String Using Java Collections
Reverse String with Special Characters in Java
get timestamp in java
How to convert file to hex in java
AbstractSet in java
List vs Set vs Map in Java
Birthday Problem in Java
How to Calculate the Time Difference Between Two Dates in Java
Number of Mismatching Bits in Java
Palindrome Permutation of a String in Java
Grepcode java.util.Date
How to add 24 hrs to date in Java
How to Change the Day in The Date Using Java
Java ByteBuffer Size
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError
Maximum XOR Value in Java
How to Add Hours to The Date Object in Java
How to Increment and Decrement Date Using Java
Multithreading Scenarios in Java
Switch case with enum in Java
Longest Harmonious Subsequence in Java
Count OR Pairs in Java
Merge Two Sorted Arrays Without Extra Space in Java
How to call a concrete method of abstract class in Java
How to create an instance of abstract class in Java
Java Console Error
503 error handling retry code snippets Java
Implementation Of Abstraction In Java
How to avoid thread deadlock in Java
Number of Squareful Arrays in Java
One-Time Password Generator Code In Java
Real-Time Face Recognition In Java
Converting Integer Data Type to Byte Data Type Using Typecasting in Java
How to Generate File checksum Value
Index Mapping (or Trivial Hashing) With Negatives allowed in Java
Shortest Path in a Binary Maze in Java
customized exception in Java
Difference between error and exception in Java
How to solve deprecated error in Java
Jagged Array in Java
CloneNotSupportedException in Java with Examples
Difference Between Function and Method in Java
Immutable List in Java
Nesting Of Methods in Java
How to Convert Date into Character Month and Year Java
How to Mock Lambda Expression in Java
How to Return Value from Lambda Expression Java
if Condition in Lambda Expression Java
Chained Exceptions in Java
Final static variable in Java
Java File Watcher
Various Operations on HashSet in Java
Word Ladder Problem in Java
Various Operations on Queue in Java
Various Operations on Queue Using Linked List in Java
Various Operations on Queue Using Stack in Java
Get Yesterday's Date from Localdate Java
Get Yesterday's Date by No of Days in Java
Advantages of Lambda Expression in Java 8
Cast Generic Type to Specific type Java
ConcurrentSkipListSet in Java
Fail Fast Vs. Fail-Safe in Java
Get Yesterday's Date in Milliseconds Java
Get Yesterday's Date Using Date Class Java
Getting First Date of Month in Java
Gregorian Calendar Java Current Date
How to Calculate Time Difference Between Two Dates in Java
How to Calculate Week Number from Current Date in Java
Keystore vs Truststore
Leap Year Program in Java
Online Java Compiler GDB
Operators in Java MCQ
Separators In Java
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException in Java
Anonymous Function in Java
Default Parameter in Java
Group by Date Code in Java
How to add 6 months to Current Date in Java
How to Reverse A String in Java Letter by Letter
Java 8 Object Null Check
Java Synchronized
Types of Arithmetic Operators in Java
Types of JDBC Drivers in Java
Unmarshalling in Java
Write a Program to Print Reverse of a Vowels String in Java
ClassNotFound Exception in Java
Null Pointer Exception in Java
Why Does BufferedReader Throw IOException in Java
Java Program to Add two Complex Numbers
Read and Print All Files From a Zip File in Java
Reverse an Array in Java
Right Shift Zero Fill Operator in Java
Static Block in Java
Accessor and Mutator in Java
Array of Class Objects in Java
Benefits of Generics in Java
Can Abstract Classes Have Static Methods in Java
ClassNotFoundException Java
Creating a Custom Generic Class in Java
Generic Queue Java
Getting Total Hours From 2 Dates in Java
How to add 2 dates in Java
How to Break a Date and Time in Java
How to Call Generic Method in Java
How to Increment and Decrement Date using Java
Java Class Methods List
Java Full Stack Developer
Java.lang.NullPointerException
Least Operator to Express Number in Java
Shunting Yard Algorithm in Java
Switch Case Java
Treeset Java Operations
Types of Logical Operators in Java
What is Cast Operator in Java
What is Jersey in Java
Alternative to Java Serialization
API Development in Java
Disadvantage of Multithreading in Java
Find the row with the maximum number of 1s
Generic Comparator in Java
Generic LinkedList in Java
Generic Programming in Java Example
How Can I Give the Default Date in The Array Java
How to Accept Date in Java
How to add 4 years to Date in Java
How to Check Date Equality in Java
How to Modify HTML File Using Java
Java 8 Multithreading Features
Java Abstract Class and Methods
Java Thread Dump Analyser
Process vs. Thread in Java
Reverse String Using Array in Java
Types of Assignment Operators in Java
Types of Bitwise Operators in Java
Union and Intersection Of Two Sorted Arrays In Java
Vector Operations Java
Java Books Multithreading
Advantages of Generics in Java
Arrow Operator Java
Generic Code in Java
Generic Method in Java Example
Getting a Range of Dates in Java
Getting the Day from a Date in Java
How Counter Work with Date Using Java
How to Add Date in Arraylist Java
How to Create a Generic List in Java
Java Extend Multiple Classes
Java Function
Java Generics Design Patterns
Why Are Generics Used in Java
XOR Binary Operator in Java
Check if the given string contains all the digits in Java
Constructor in Abstract Class in Java
Count number of a class objects created in Java
Difference Between Byte Code and Machine Code in Java
Java Program to Append a String in an Existing File
Main thread in Java
Store Two Numbers in One Byte Using Bit Manipulation in Java
The Knight's Tour Problem in Java
Business Board Problem in Java
Business Consumer Problem in Java
Buy as Much Candles as Possible Java Problem
Get Year from Date in Java
How to Assign Static Value to Date in Java
Java List Node
Java List Sort Lambda
Java Program to Get the Size of a Directory
Misc Operators in Java
Reverse A String and Reverse Every Alternative String in Java
Reverse a String in Java Using StringBuilder
Reverse Alternate Words in A String Java
Size of Empty Class in Java
Titniry Operation in Java
Triple Shift Operator in Java
Types of Conditional Operators in Java
View Operation in Java
What is Linked list Operation in Java
What is Short Circuit && And or Operator in Java
What is the & Operator in Java
Why to use enum in Java
XOR Bitwise Operator in Java
XOR Logical Operator Java
Compile-Time Polymorphism in Java
Convert JSON to Java Object Online
Difference between comparing String using == and .equals() method in Java
Difference Between Singleton Pattern and Static Class in Java
Difference Between Static and Non-Static Nested Class in Java
Getting Date from Calendar in Java
How to Swap or Exchange Objects in Java
Java Get Class of Generic Parameter
Java Interface Generic Parameter
Java Map Generic
Java Program for Maximum Product Subarray
Java Program To Print Even Length Words in a String
Logger Class in Java
Manacher's Algorithm in Java
Mutable Class in Java
Online Java IDE
Package getImplementationVersion() method in Java with Examples
Set Default Close Operation in Java
Sorting a Java Vector in Descending Order Using Comparator
Types of Interfaces in Java
Understanding String Comparison Operator in Java
User-Defined Packages in Java
Valid variants of main() in Java
What is a Reference Variable in Java
What is an Instance in Java
What is Retrieval Operation in ArrayList Java
When to Use the Static Method in Java
XOR Operations in Java
7th Sep - Array Declaration in Java
7th Sep - Bad Operand Types Error in Java
7th Sep - Data Structures in Java
7th Sep - Generic Type Casting In Java
7th Sep - Multiple Inheritance in Java
7th Sep - Nested Initialization for Singleton Class in Java
7th Sep - Object in Java
7th Sep - Recursive Constructor Invocation in Java
7th Sep - Java Language / What is Java
7th Sep - Why is Java Platform Independent
7th Sep - Card Flipping Game in Java
7th Sep - Create Generic Method in Java
7th Sep - Difference between super and super() in Java with Examples
7th Sep - for loop enum Java
7th Sep - How to Convert a String to Enum in Java
7th Sep - Illustrate Class Loading and Static Blocks in Java Inheritance
7th Sep - Introduction To Java
7th Sep - Java Lambda foreach
7th Sep - Java Latest Version
7th Sep - Java Method Signature
7th Sep - Java Practice Programs
7th Sep - Java SwingWorker Class
7th Sep - java.util.concurrent.RecursiveAction class in Java With Examples
7th Sep - Largest Palindrome by Changing at Most K-digits in Java
7th Sep - Parameter Passing Techniques in Java with Examples
7th Sep - Reverse a String in Java Using a While Loop
7th Sep - Reverse a String Using a For Loop in Java
7th Sep - Short Circuit Operator in Java
7th Sep - Java 8 Stream API
7th Sep - XOR Operation on Integers in Java
7th Sep - XOR Operation on Long in Java
Array Programs in Java
Concrete Class in Java
Difference between Character Stream and Byte Stream in Java
Difference Between Static and non-static in Java
Different Ways to Convert java.util.Date to java.time.LocalDate in Java
Find the Good Matrix Problem in Java
How Streams Work in Java
How to Accept Different Formats of Date in Java
How to Add Date in MySQL from Java
How to Find the Size of int in Java
How to Make a Field Serializable in Java
How to Pass an Array to Function in Java
How to Pass an ArrayList to a Method in Java
Implementing the Java Queue Interface
Initialization of local variable in a conditional block in Java
isnull() Method in Java
Java Array Generic
Java Program to Demonstrate the Lazy Initialization Non-Thread-Safe
Java Program to Demonstrate the Non-Lazy Initialization Thread-Safe
Java Static Field Initialization
Machine Learning Using Java
Mars Rover Problem in Java
Model Class in Java
Nested Exception Handling in Java
Program to Convert List to Stream in Java
Static Polymorphism in Java
Static Reference Variables in Java
Sum of Two Arrays in Java
What is Is-A-Relationship in Java
When to Use Vector in Java
Which Class cannot be subclassed in Java
Word Search Problem in Java
XOR Operation Between Sets in Java
Burger Problem in Java Game
Convert Set to List in Java
Floyd Triangle in Java
How to Call Static Blocks in Java
Interface Attributes in Java
Java Applications in the Real World
Java Concurrent Array
Java Detect Date Format
Java Interface Without Methods
Java Iterator Performance
Java Packet
Java Static Instance of Class
Java TreeMap Sort by Value
Length of List in Java
List of Checked Exceptions in Java
Message Passing in Java
Product Maximization Problem in Java
Terminal Operations in Java 8
Understanding Base Class in Java
Difference between Early Binding and Late Binding in Java
Collectors toCollection() in Java
Difference between ExecutorService execute() and submit() method in Java
Difference between Java and Core Java
Different Types of Recursions in Java
Initialize a static map in Java with Examples
Merge Sort Using Multithreading in Java
Why Thread.stop(), Thread.suspend(), and Thread.resume() Methods are Deprecated After JDK 1.1 Version
Circular Primes in Java
Difference Between poll() and remove() Method of a Queue
EvalEx Java: Expression Evaluation in Java
Exeter Caption Contest Java Program
FileInputStream finalize() Method in Java
Find the Losers of the Circular Game problem in Java
Finding the Differences Between Two Lists in Java
Finding the Maximum Points on a Line in Java
Get Local IP Address in Java
Handling "Handler dispatch failed" Nested Exception: java.lang.StackOverflowError in Java
Harmonic Number in Java
How to Find the Percentage of Uppercase Letters, Lowercase Letters, Digits, and Special Characters in a String Using Java
Interface Variables in Java
Java 8 Interface Features
Java Class Notation
Java Exception Messages Examples and Explanations
Java Package Annotation
Java Program to Find First Non-Repeating Character in String
Java Static Type Vs. Dynamic Type
Kaprekar Number in Java
Multitasking in Java
Niven Number in Java
Rhombus Pattern in Java
Shuffle an Array in Java
Static Object in Java
The Scope of Variables in Java
Toggle String in Java
Use of Singleton Class in Java
What is the Difference Between Future and Callable Interfaces in Java
Aggregate Operation in Java 8
Bounded Types in Java
Calculating Batting Average in Java
Compare Two LinkedList in Java
Comparison of Autoboxed Integer objects in Java
Count Tokens in Java
Cyclomatic Complexity in Java
Deprecated Meaning in Java
Double Brace Initialization in Java
Functional Interface in Java
How to prevent objects of a class from Garbage Collection in Java
Java Cast Object to Class
Java isAlive() Method
Java Line Feed Character
java.net.MulticastSocket class in Java
Keytool Error java.io.FileNotFoundException
Matrix Diagonal Sum in Java
Number of Boomerangs Problem in Java
Sieve of Eratosthenes Algorithm in Java
Similarities Between Bastar and Java
Spring vs. Struts in Java
Switch Case in Java 12
The Pig Game in Java
Unreachable Code Error in Java
Who Were the Kalangs of Java
2048 Game in Java
Abundant Number in Java
Advantages of Applet in Java
Alpha-Beta Pruning Java
ArgoUML Reverse Engineering Java
Can Constructor be Static in Java
Can we create object of interface in Java
Chatbot Application in Java
Difference Between Component and Container in Java
Difference Between Java.sql and Javax.sql
Find A Pair with Maximum Product in Array of Integers
Goal Stack Planning Program in Java
Half Diamond Pattern in Java
How to find trigonometric values of an angle in Java
How to Override tostring() method in Java
Inserting a Node in a Doubly Linked List in Java
Java 9 Immutable Collections
Java 9 Interface Private Methods
Java Convert Array to Collection
Java Transaction API
Methods to Take Input in Java
Parallelogram Pattern in Java
Reminder Program in Java
Sliding Window Protocol in Java
Static Method in Java
String Reverse in Java 8 Using Lambdas
Types of Threads in Java
What is thread safety in Java? How do you achieve it?
xxwxx.dll Virus Java 9
Java 8 Merge Two Maps with Same Keys
Java 8 StringJoiner, String.join(), and Collectors.joining()
Java 9 @SafeVarargs Annotation Changes
Java 9 Stream API Improvements
Java 11 var in Lambda Expressions
Sequential Search Java
Thread Group in Java
User Thread Vs. Daemon Thread in Java
Collections Vs. Streams in Java
Import statement in Java
init() Method in Java
Java Generics Jenkov
Ambiguity in Java
Benefits of Learning Java
Designing a Vending Machine in Java
Monolithic Applications in Java
Name Two Types of Java Program
Random Access Interface in Java
Rust Vs. Java
Types of Constants in Java
Execute the Main Method Multiple Times in Java
Find the element at specified index in a Spiral Matrix in Java
Find The Index of An Array Element in Java
Mark-and-Sweep Garbage Collection Algorithm in Java
Shadowing of Static Functions in Java
Straight Line Numbers in Java
Zumkeller Numbers in Java
Types of Layout Manager in Java
Virtual Threads in Java 21
Add Two Numbers Without Using Operator in Java
Automatic Type Promotion in Java
ContentPane Java
Difference Between findElement() and findElements() in Java
Difference Between Inheritance and Interfaces in Java
Difference Between Jdeps and Jdeprscan tools in Java
Find Length of String in Java Without Using Function
InvocationTargetException in Java
Java Maps to JSON
Key Encapsulation Mechanism API in Java 21
Placeholder Java
String Templates in Java 21
Why Java is Robust Language
Collecting in Java 8
containsIgnoreCase() Method in Java
Convert String to Biginteger In Java
Convert String to Map in Java
Define Macro in Java
Difference Between Lock and Monitor in Java Concurrency
Difference Between the start() and run() Methods in Java
Generalization and Specialization in Java
getChannel() Method in Java
How to Check Whether an Integer Exists in a Range with Java
HttpEntity in Java
Lock Framework Vs. Thread Synchronization in Java
Niven Number Program in Java
Passing Object to Method in Java
Pattern Matching for Switch in Java 21
Swap First and Last Digit of a Number in Java
Adapter Design Pattern in Java
Best Automation Frameworks for Java
Building a Search Engine in Java
Bytecode Verifier in Java
Caching Mechanism in Java
Comparing Two HashMap in Java
Cryptosystem Project in Java
Farthest from Zero Program in Java
How to Clear Linked List in Java
Primitive Data Type Vs. Object Data Type in Java
setBounds() Method in Java
Unreachable Code or Statement in Java
What is Architecture Neutral in Java
Difference between wait and notify in Java
Dyck Path in Java
Find the last two digits of the Factorial of a given Number in Java
How to Get an Environment Variable in Java
Java Program to open the command prompt and insert commands
JVM Shutdown Hook in Java
Semiprimes Numbers in Java
12 Tips to Improve Java Code Performance
Ad-hoc Polymorphism in Java
Array to String Conversion in Java
CloudWatch API in Java
Essentials of Java Programming Language
Extends Vs. Implements in Java
2d Array Sorting in Java
Aliquot Sequence in Java
Authentication and Authorization in Java
Cannot Find Symbol Error in Java
Compare Two Excel Files in Java
Consecutive Prime Sum Program in Java
Count distinct XOR values among pairs using numbers in range 1 to N
Difference Between Two Tier and Three Tier Architecture in Java
Different Ways of Reading a Text File in Java
Empty Array in Java
FCFS Program in Java with Arrival Time
Immutable Map in Java
K-4 City Program in Java
Kahn's algorithm for Topological Sorting in Java
Most Popular Java Backend Tools
Recursive Binary Search in Java
Set Intersection in Java
String Reverse Preserving White Spaces in Java
The Deprecated Annotation in Java
What is JNDI in Java
Backtracking in Java
Comparing Doubles in Java
Consecutive Prime Sum in Java
Finding Missing Numbers in an Array Using Java
Good Number Program in Java
How to Compress Image in Java Source Code
How to Download a File from a URL in Java
Passing an Object to The Method in Java
Permutation program in Java
Profile Annotation in Java
Scenario Based Questions in Java
Understanding Static Synchronization in Java
Types of Errors in Java
Abstract Factory Design Pattern in Java
Advantages of Kotlin Over Java
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Filter a List by Any Matching Field

Last updated: October 18, 2024

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1. Overview

We often need to filter a List of objects by checking if any of their fields match a given String in many real-world Java applications. In other words, we want to search for a String and filter the objects that match in any of their properties.

In this tutorial, we’ll walk through different approaches to filtering a List by any matching fields in Java.

2. Introduction to the Problem

As usual, let’s understand the problem through examples.

Let’s say we have a Book class with fields like title , tags , intro, and pages :

Next, let’s create four Book instances using the defined constructor and put them into a List<Book> :

Now, we want to perform a filter operation on BOOKS to find all Book objects that contain a keyword String in the title , tags , or intro . In other words, we would like to execute a full-text search on BOOKS .

For example, if we want to search for “Java”, the JAVA and KOTLIN instances should be in the result. This is because JAVA.title contains “Java” and KOTLIN.tags contains “Java”.

Similarly, if we search for “Art “, we expect JAVA and GUITAR to be found since JAVA.title and GUITAR.tags contain the word “Art. ” When “ Let’s “ is the keyword, KOTLIN and GUITAR should be in the result as KOTLIN.title and GUITAR.intro contain the keyword.

Next, let’s explore how to solve this problem and use these three keyword examples to check our solutions.

For simplicity, we assume all Book ‘s properties are not null , and we’ll leverage unit test assertions to verify whether our solutions work as expected.

Next, let’s dive into the code.

3. Using the Stream.filter() Method

Stream API provides the convenient filter() method, which allows us to filter objects in a Stream through a lambda expression easily .

Next, let’s solve the full-text search problem using this approach:

As we can see, the above implementation is pretty straightforward. In the lambda expression that we pass to filter() , we check whether any property contains the keyword.

It’s worth mentioning that as Book.tags is a List<String> , we leverage Stream.anyMatch() to check if any tag in the List contains the keyword.

Next, let’s test whether this approach works correctly:

The test passes if we give it a run.

In this example, we only need to check three properties in the Book class. However, a full-text search might check a class’s dozen properties in an actual application. In this case, the lambda expression would be pretty long and can make the Stream pipeline difficult to read and maintain.

Of course, we can extract the lambda expression as a method to solve it. Alternatively, we can create a function to generate the String representation for full-text search.

Next, let’s take a closer look at this approach.

4. Creating a String Representation For Filtering

We know toString() returns a String representation of an object. Similarly, we can create a method to provide an object’s String representation for full-text search :

As the code above shows, the strForFiltering() function joins all full-text search required String values to a linebreak-separated String. If we take KOTLIN as an example, this method returns the following String :

In this example, we use Java text block to present the multiline String .

Then, a full-text search would be an easy task for us. We just check if book.strForFilter()’s result contains keyword :

Next, let’s check if this solution works as expected:

The test passes. Therefore, this approach does the job.

5. Creating a General Full-Text Search Method

In this section, let’s try to create a general method to perform a full-text search on any object:

The fullTextSearchOnObject() method accepts three parameters: the object we want to perform the search, the keyword, and the excluded field names.

The implementation uses reflection to retrieve all fields of the object . Then, we loop through the fields, skip excludedFields using Stream.nonMatch() , and obtain the field’s value by field.get(obj) . Since we aim to perform a String -based search, we convert the value to a String using toString() and check if the field’s value contains the search term.

Our object may contain nested objects. Therefore, we recursively check the fields of nested objects . If any field is an object (other than a primitive or String ), it calls fullTextSearchOnObject() on that field, enabling us to search through deeply nested structures.

Now, we can make use of fullTextSearchOnObject() to create a method to full-text filter a List of Book objects:

Next, let’s run the same test to verify if this approach works as expected:

As we can see, we passed “ pages ” as the excluded fields in the test above. If it’s required, we can conveniently extend excluded fields for a custom full-text search:

This example showcases how to perform a full-text search only on title and intro fields. As GUITAR only contains the search keyword “ Art ” in tags , it gets filtered out.

Using reflection and recursion, we can implement a full-text search on a Java object that checks all fields, including nested fields, for a given String keyword. This approach allows us to dynamically search through an object’s fields without explicitly knowing the structure of the class.

6. Conclusion

In this article, we’ve explored different solutions to filtering a List by any field matching a String in Java.

These techniques will help us write cleaner, more maintainable code while providing a powerful way to search and filter Java objects.

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COMMENTS

Is Java "pass-by-reference" or "pass-by-value"?
a = b makes a new assignment to the reference a, not f, of the object whose attribute is "b". ... In general, Java has primitive types (int, bool, char, double, etc) that are passed directly by value. Then Java has objects (everything that derives from java.lang.Object). Objects are actually always handled through a reference (a reference being ...
Java Object Assignment
Because java uses the concept of string literal. Suppose there are 5 reference variables, all refers to one object "0".If one reference variable changes the value of the object, it will be affected to all the reference variables. That is why string objects are immutable in java.
Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?
Java always passes parameter variables by value. Object variables in Java always point to the real object in the memory heap. A mutable object's value can be changed when it is passed to a method.
Passing and Returning Objects in Java
When we assign an integer value to an Integer object, the value is autoboxed into an Integer object. For example the statement "Integer x = 10" creates an object 'x' with value 10. Following are some interesting output questions based on comparison of Autoboxed Integer objects. Predict the output of following Java Program // file name: Main.java pu
Pass-By-Value as a Parameter Passing Mechanism in Java
Pass-by-Reference. When a parameter is pass-by-reference, the caller and the callee operate on the same object. It means that when a variable is pass-by-reference, the unique identifier of the object is sent to the method. Any changes to the parameter's instance members will result in that change being made to the original value.
Call by Value and Call by Reference in Java
In case of call by reference original value is changed if we made changes in the called method. If we pass object in place of any primitive value, original value will be changed. In this example we are passing object as a value. Let's take a simple example: download this example. Output:before change 50.
Using Objects (The Java™ Tutorials > Learning the Java Language
The first statement invokes rectOne's getArea() method and displays the results. The second line moves rectTwo because the move() method assigns new values to the object's origin.x and origin.y.. As with instance fields, objectReference must be a reference to an object. You can use a variable name, but you also can use any expression that returns an object reference.
Java Object Assignment and Object Passing By Value or Reference
This concludes that Java Objects are passed to methods by Reference. Here also, we pass the memory location pointed by one Reference variable to another Reference variable of a Called method as a Value only. So, you are actually passing Values (memory locations represented by integer or long data type). But the actual passed-object can only be ...
Java is Pass by Value, Not Pass by Reference
Technically, Java is always pass by value, because even though a variable might hold a reference to an object, that object reference is a value that represents the object's location in memory. Object references are therefore passed by value. Both reference data types and primitive data types are passed by value.
Passing by Value vs. Passing by Reference in Java
Unlike in C++, Java does not have a means of explicitly differentiating between pass by reference and pass by value. Instead, the Java Language Specification (Section 4.3) declares that the ...
Lesson: Classes and Objects (The Java™ Tutorials > Learning the Java
The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases.
Assignment, Arithmetic, and Unary Operators (The Java™ Tutorials
This beginner Java tutorial describes fundamentals of programming in the Java programming language ... it assigns the value on its right to the operand on its left: int cadence = 0; int speed = 0; int gear = 1; This operator can also be used on objects to assign object references, as discussed in Creating Objects. The Arithmetic Operators.
Java Program to Create an Object for Class and Assign Value in the
The constructor class provides information about a single constructor for a class and it also provides access to that constructor. The equals() method of java.lang.reflect.Constructor is used to compare this Constructor against the passed object. If the objects are the same then the method returns true. In java Two Constructor objects are the same
Java Pass by Value
About the Parameters Passed in Java. The fundamental concept for passing the parameters in modern programming languages is passing by value and passing by reference. But, in Java, the pass by reference concept is degraded. It supports only the pass by value concept. The primitive variables hold the actual values, whereas the non-primitive ...
java
Assigning one object to another just assigns the object reference (a pointer more or less). It does NOT copy member variables etc. You need to read about cloning.From the first paragraph of the wiki for Java clone():. In Java, objects are manipulated through reference variables, and there is no operator for copying an object—the assignment operator duplicates the reference, not the object.
Filter a List by Any Matching Field
Using reflection and recursion, we can implement a full-text search on a Java object that checks all fields, including nested fields, for a given String keyword. This approach allows us to dynamically search through an object's fields without explicitly knowing the structure of the class. 6. Conclusion