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Power Factor Correction
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Power Factor Presentation
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In this chapter the meaning of “real” and “reactive” power is explored for sinusoidal systems. Initially, single phase (so-called two-wire) circuits are discussed to gain an understanding of the energy flow within a circuit configuration that is representative for electrical machines. We will then extend this analysis to three-phase (three-wire) circuits. In the final part of this chapter a set of tutorials is introduced to reinforce the concepts discussed.
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POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
Jul 07, 2012
260 likes | 658 Views
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION. Design considerations for optimizing performance & cost of continuous mode boost PFC circuits by Supratim Basu,Tore.M.Undeland. All rectified ac sine wave voltages with capacitive filtering draw high amplitude discontinuous current pulses rich in harmonics , causing: .
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- power factor
- critical conduction mode
- active power factor correction
- lower noise
Presentation Transcript
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION Design considerations for optimizing performance & cost of continuous mode boost PFC circuits by Supratim Basu,Tore.M.Undeland
All rectified ac sine wave voltages with capacitive filtering draw high amplitude discontinuous current pulses rich in harmonics , causing: • Low input power factor • High circulating currents
There are many approaches to mitigate this problem : • Passive and Active power factor correction • Passive and Active filtering of network • Accepting non-sinusoidal voltage / current in the system.
Passive Power Factor Correction • Simple inductive input filter • Inductor stores energy to maintain conduction throughout half cycle • Hence reduces harmonic distortation and improves power factor • But size, weight and cost limits it’s application upto 200W
Active high frequency power factor correction • Makes load behave like a resistor • Near unity load power factor • Load generating negligible harmonics
Types of active PFC circuits with Boost converter topologies • Hard switched • Soft switched using ZVT • Discontinuous Conduction mode (DCM) • Critical Conduction mode (CRM) • Continuous Conduction mode (CCM)
Block Diagram of an active PFC Circuit of CCM Boost converter
Mosfet & Diode switching waveforms showing switching losses
Switching loss reduction strategies • RCD Snubber Circuits • Magnetic Snubber Circuits • Power Switch types - IGBT or MOSFET • Boost Diode Options • SiC Schottky Diodes • Single Package Series connected diodes • PFC specific single diodes
RCD Snubber Circuits
Magnetic Snubber Circuit
Comparison of recovery time of various diodes
Comparision of RECOVERY TIME and COST of various diodes
Experimental Results
Effect of Diode Recovery Current on the Switching Current at turn-on The switch turn-on peak current was the lowest for the SiC Schottky Diode and highest for the Single Package Series Diode
Effect of Diode recovery current on Mosfet drain current with a SiC Diode
Effect of Diode recovery current on Mosfet drain current with a PFC specific diode
Effect of Diode recovery current on Mosfet drain current with a single package series connected diode
Conducted EMI generated by the PFC board was measured separately for each of the three diode types: • Measurements were made at 90V AC input, 600W output load with a 3mH common mode EMI filter connected at the input circuit • Low freq part of conducted emission spectrum ( 150kHz - 1 MHz) is almost unaffected by different diode types • High freq part of conducted emission spectrum ( 1 MHz - 30MHz) is affected by diode behavior • SDT12S60 SiC Schottky diode generates lower noise • Increased EMI caused by STTH806TTI single package series connected diodes is only about 4dBV
Low frequency conducted emission Single package series connected diode SiC Diode PFC Specific Diode
High frequency conducted emission SiC Diode Single package series connected diode PFC Specific Diode
OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE BY DESIGN - A SUMMARY • Power levels < 200W - Critical conduction mode PFC may be considered • Power levels > 200W - Hard switched CCM PFC is preferred • Power levels < 1000W & sw. freq of 100kHz - PFC specific is the best choice • Power levels > 1000W & sw. freq > 100kHz - Higher initial costs of SiC Schottky diodes are justified • Higher efficiency or higher sw. freq - ZVT resonant mode boost converter may be considered • Power levels < 600W - Older generation Mosfets like IRF460N(IR) could reduce costs w/o affecting performance significantly
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Apparent Power: The product of the voltage (in volts) and the current (in amperes). It comprises both active and reactive power . It is measured in "volt-amperes" and often expressed in " kilovolt-amperes" (KVA) or "megavolt-amperes" (MVA). 4. 5. 5 POWER FACTOR DEFINITION Inductive loads cause the current to lag behind the voltage.
power factor. i.e. make the phase angle between the load current and load voltage equal zero, Power engineers add what is called . power factor correction . circuits which is capacitor circuit to count the lagging effect. Power factor at the load side is the same as the Pf of the source side given they share the same terminals. Hence, whether ...
What is a VAR? Active power, also called real power, is measured in Watts or kW and performs Useful Work. Electrical equipment like motors and transformers require reactive power create a Magnetic Field and allow work to be performed. This reactive power is called volt-amperes-reactive or VAR's. Reactive power is measured in vars or kvars.
Power Factor Correction Load + V I V = V v I = I i As we have seen before (for sinusoidal voltage and current), pf = cos ( v i) P = V I cos ( v i) The REAL power (or average power) is transformed into useful energy e.g. heat, mechanical, light, sound, etc For a given V and P, loads with high power factor draw LESS current compared with loads with low power factor
Sep 18, 2014. 170 likes | 381 Views. Power factor correction. √. P ower factor is the cosine of angle between V and I. S 2 = P 2+ Q 2. Power factor is the cosine of angle between V and I. From power triangle p f = (VIcos Φ )/VI = Active power/ Apparent power S 2 = P 2+ Q 2. Download Presentation.
DEFINITION: Power factor (P.F.) is the ratio between actual power to the apparent power. Power factor = Actual power / Apparent power. P.F = Kilo watt / Kilo volt ampere. 3. 4. Active Power: Also known as "real power" or simply "power.". Active power is the rate of producing, transferring, or using electrical energy.
8 OBJECTIVES TO INVESTIGATE MEANS OF COST REDUCTION FROM THE ELECTRICAL PERSPECTIVE - (POWER FACTOR CORRECTION) 9 POWER FACTOR THEORY PF = ACTIVE POWER / APPARENT POWER = P / S. = kW / kVA ACTIVE POWER (P) = kW APPARENT POWER (S) = kVA. 10 POWER TRIANGLE. 11 SYSTEM BEFORE PFC PF = 0.68 Lagging. 12 DESIRED MINIMUM SYSTEM TRIANGLE. PF = 0.8 ...
1 Power Factor Correction. 2 What is "Power Factor?" Power factor is a measure of how efficiently, or inefficiently, that electrical power is used by a customer. For industrial customers, a low power factor is generally caused by inductive loads such as transformers, electric motors and high-intensity discharge lighting.
industrial power. Engineering. 1 of 11. Download Now. Download to read offline. Power factor correction. Power factor correction - Download as a PDF or view online for free.
Power Factor Correction. KW KVA KVAR. Power Factor is the ratio between Power and Apparent Power Motors. Reasons behind P.F corrections. P.F = watts/va Or P.F = P/S. Formula P.F. Power Factor Improvement. Over Correction Individual power factor correction. Power Factor Improvement.
AC Power Analysis. Lecture Notes - Instantenous Power, Average Power, RMS value, Max. Power Transfer Theorem for AC circuits . Lecture Notes - Active Power, Reactive Power, Power Factor and the Complex Power . Lecture Notes - Power Factor Correction and AC Power Applications . Three-Phase Circuits. Magnetically Coupled Circuits. Frequency Response
An intelligent power factor correction scheme is presented for three phase low power factor loads. This new scheme is able to perform individual phase sensing of parameters by monitoring at all times to sense a change in system parameters and affects individual phase correction by applying the exact amount of reactive components needed for each phase, and can also reduce negative sequence ...
Power Factor Improvement. 2013 •. TJPRC Publication. Power factor has play an important role in electrical engineering i.e. in Generation, Transmission and distribution of Electrical Energy and Electrical machinery section also.In this article it will be discussed, the power factor comes down and now effect in due all electrical systems.
Power factor correction • It is very common that load (motors, power lines, etc) is inductive, i.e. Q>0. • Common practice to bring the power factor to unity is to connect a parallel capacitor across the load, such that QC=-Q. (the method is easy and need not break the circuit). Example 7.8, P345: power factor correction In theory, the ...
Automatic power factor correction. This project presentation discusses the design of an automatic power factor correction system. The system uses a microcontroller to measure the power factor and control relays that switch capacitor banks in and out of the circuit to maintain a set power factor. When the measured power factor deviates from the ...
Title: Lesson 27 Power Factor Correction 1 Lesson 27Power Factor Correction 2 Learning Objectives. Define power factor correction and unity power factor correction. Calculate the inductor or capacitor value required to correct AC series parallel networks to the desired apparent power. Compare currents, voltages, and power in AC series parallel ...
View Power Factor Correction PPTs online, safely and virus-free! Many are downloadable. Learn new and interesting things. Get ideas for your own presentations. Share yours for free! ... PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download . Power, Power Factor Correction - In the News: CWLP Dallman 4 Earns Power's Highest Honor ... Ground breaking ...
15. causes of low power factor most loads (80%) in electrical distribution system are inductive inmost loads (80%) in electrical distribution system are inductive in nature. the cause of low power factor is only due to inductivenature. the cause of low power factor is only due to inductive loads. inductive loads responsible for low p.f are as follows:loads.
About This Presentation. Title: Power, Power Factor Correction. Description: In the News: CWLP Dallman 4 Earns Power's Highest Honor ... Ground breaking took place on. 11/06, and commercial operation should occur on 9/4/09 ... - PowerPoint PPT presentation. Number of Views: 170. Avg rating:3.0/5.0.
Presentation Transcript. Power Factor Correction KW KVA KVAR. Power Factor is the ratio between Power and Apparent Power Motors Reasons behind P.F corrections. P.F = watts/va Or P.F = P/S Formula P.F. Power Factor Improvement • Over Correction • Individual power factor correction.
Presentation Transcript. POWER FACTOR CORRECTION Design considerations for optimizing performance & cost of continuous mode boost PFC circuits by Supratim Basu,Tore.M.Undeland. All rectified ac sine wave voltages with capacitive filtering draw high amplitude discontinuous current pulses rich in harmonics , causing: • Low input power factor ...