the project tiger essay

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Fifty years of ‘Project Tiger’: How the programme saved Indian tigers

Project tiger was launched by the central government on april 1, 1973, in a bid to promote conservation of the tiger. the programme came at a time when the population of tigers in india was rapidly dwindling..

The number of tigers in India has increased by 6.74 per cent from 2,967 in 2018 to 3,167 in 2022, according to the figures of the 5th cycle of India’s Tiger Census, which was released by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at an event in Karnataka’s Mysuru to mark 50 years of ‘Project Tiger’ on Sunday (April 9).

The PM also released the government’s vision for tiger conservation during ‘Amrit Kaal’, and launched the International Big Cats Alliance (IBCA). IBCA will focus on the protection and conservation of seven major big cats of the world, including tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard, puma, jaguar and cheetah, with membership of the range countries harbouring these species.

A special day, in the midst of floral and faunal diversity and good news on the tigers population…here are highlights from today… pic.twitter.com/Vv6HVhzdvK — Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) April 9, 2023

“It has been 50 years of Project Tiger. Its success has been a matter of pride for not only India but the entire world. India has not only saved the tiger but has also given it a great ecosystem to flourish. It’s a matter of great happiness for us that at a time when we have completed 75 years of Independence, nearly 75 per cent of the world’s tiger population can now be found in India and tiger reserves in the country span 75,000 square kilometres. This has been possible because of everyone’s efforts,” Modi said during his address.

What is Project Tiger?

Project Tiger was launched by the Central government on April 1, 1973, in a bid to promote conservation of the tiger. The programme came at a time when India’s tiger population was rapidly dwindling. According to reports, while there were 40,000 tigers in the country at the time of the Independence, they were soon reduced to below 2,000 by 1970 due to their widespread hunting and poaching.

Concerns around the issue further intensified when the same year, the International Union for Conservation of Nature declared the tiger as an endangered species. Two years later, the Indian government conducted its own tiger census and found that there were only 1,800 of them left in the country.

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To tackle the problem of hunting and poaching of not just tigers but also other animals and birds, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi promulgated the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972. A year later, after a task force urged the government to create a chain of reserves dedicated to tiger preservation, Indira unveiled Project Tiger.

Launched at the Jim Corbett National Park, the programme was initially started in nine tiger reserves of different States such as Assam, Bihar, Karnataka , Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra , Odisha , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal , covering over 14,000 sq km.

Notably, Project Tiger didn’t just focus on the conservation of the big cats. It also ensured the preservation of their natural habitat as tigers are at the top of the food chain. While inaugurating the programme, Indira, in a statement, said, “The tiger cannot be preserved in isolation. It is at the apex of a large and complex biotope. Its habitat, threatened by human intrusion, commercial forestry and cattle grazing, must first be made inviolate.”

Soon after, the number of tigers in India began to rise and by the 1990s, their population was estimated to be around 3,000. However, the success story of Project Tiger suffered a major setback when the local extermination of tigers in Rajasthan’s Sariska made headlines in January 2005.

This led then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to set up a task force “to shape the future of tiger conservation even before seeing his first tiger — the famed Machhli of Ranthambhore — in May 2005.,” The Indian Express reported. Around a year later, the government reconstituted Project Tiger and established the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).

“The NTCA had more power to check poaching and preserve the tiger population. Its mandate included setting up the Tiger Protection Force and funding the relocation of villages from the protected areas.,” wrote V P Singh Badnore, former Governor of Punjab and Administrator, Union Territory of Chandigarh , for the newspaper.

Today, there are 54 tiger reserves across India, spanning 75,000 sq km. As mentioned before, the current population of tigers in the country stands at 3,167 as opposed to 1,411 in 2006, 1,706 in 2010 and 2,226 in 2014.

Speaking to PTI, Additional Director General of Forests SP Yadav, who is also the member secretary of the NTCA, talked about the future of Project Tiger and said, “The goal would be to have a viable and sustainable tiger population in tiger habitats based on a scientifically calculated carrying capacity. I’m not putting a number (to it) as we cannot increase the tiger population of the country at the same pace because that will result in an increase in conflict with human beings.”

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• Tiger Mortality

Tiger Reserves

• Project cheetah
• ADG(PT) & MS, NTCA

Organization Structure

Project tiger.

• Project Tiger Budget

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) has been constituted under section 38 L (1) of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Further, as per the section 38 L, sub section 2 of the said Act, the authority consists of the Minister in charge of the Ministry of Environment and Forests ( as Chairperson), the Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (as Vice-Chairperson), three members of Parliament, Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests and other members.

The authority derives its power from section 38 O (1) of WLPA, 1972 and functions under the guidance of Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and members.

Cabinet Minister

Shri Bhupender Yadav

Hon’ble minister for environment, forest & climate change and chairperson, ntca, shri prakash javadekar.

Profile of Hon’ble Minister ( Download )

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Minister of State

Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey

Hon’ble Minister of State for Environment, Forest & Climate Change and Vice- Chairperson, NTCA

Profile of Hon’ble State Minister ( Download )

National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change constituted under enabling provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006, for strengthening tiger conservation, as per powers and functions assigned to it under the said Act.

NTCA has been fulfilling its mandate within the ambit of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 for strengthening tiger conservation in the country by retaining an oversight through advisories/normative guidelines, based on appraisal of tiger status, ongoing conservation initiatives and recommendations of specially constituted Committees.

The ‘Project Tiger’ is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, providing funding support to tiger range States for in-situ conservation of tigers in designated tiger reserves, and has put the endangered tiger on an assured path of recovery by saving it from extinction, as revealed by the recent findings of the All India tiger estimation using the refined methodology.

The objectives of NTCA are:

• Providing statutory authority to Project Tiger so that compliance of its directives become legal.
• Fostering accountability of Center-State in management of Tiger Reserves, by providing a basis for MoU with States within our federal structure.
• Providing for an oversight by Parliament.
• Addressing livelihood interests of local people in areas surrounding Tiger Reserves.

Powers and functions of the National Tiger Conservation Authority as prescribed under section 38O (1) and (2) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006 are as under:-

• to approve the tiger conservation plan prepared by the State Government under section 38 O (1) (a) of this Act
• evaluate and assess various aspects of sustainable ecology and disallow any ecologically unsustainable land use such as, mining, industry and other projects within the tiger reserves
• lay down normative standards for tourism activities and guidelines for project tiger from time to time for tiger conservation in the buffer and core area of tiger reserves and ensure their due compliance
• provide for management focus and measures for addressing conflicts of men and wild animal and to emphasize on co-existence in forest areas outside the National Parks, sanctuaries or tiger reserve, in the working plan code
• provide information on protection measures including future conservation plan, estimation of population of tiger and its natural prey species, status of habitats, disease surveillance, mortality survey, patrolling, reports on untoward happenings and such other management aspects as it may deem fit including future plan conservation
• approve, co-ordinate research and monitoring on tiger, co-predators, prey habitat, related ecological and socio-economic parameters and their evaluation
• ensure that the tiger reserves and areas linking one protected area or tiger reserve with another protected area or tiger reserve are not diverted for ecologically unsustainable uses, except in public interest and with the approval of the National Board for Wild Life and on the advice of the Tiger Conservation Authority
• facilitate and support the tiger reserve management in the State for biodiversity conservation initiatives through eco-development and people\’s participation as per approved management plans and to support similar initiatives in adjoining areas consistent with the Central and State laws
• ensure critical support including scientific, information technology and legal support for better implementation of the tiger conservation plan
• facilitate ongoing capacity building programme for skill development of officers and staff of tiger reserves, and
• perform such other functions as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act with regard to conservation of tigers and their habitat.

(2) The Tiger Conservation Authority may, in the exercise of its powers and performance of its functions under this Chapter, issue directions in writing to any person, officer or authority for the protection of tiger or tiger reserves and such person, officer or authority shall be bound to comply with the directions.

Providing central assistance to States under the ongoing Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project Tiger for tiger reserves, for activities (recurring / non-recurring), as reflected in the Annual Plan of Operations of tiger reserves, based on their Tiger Conservation Plans is an important activity. This, interalia, includes protection, habitat amelioration, day to day monitoring, eco-development for local people in buffer areas, voluntary relocation of people from core/critical tiger habitats, and addressing human-wildlife conflicts, within the ambit of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and guidelines of Project Tiger / National Tiger Conservation Authority.

The NTCA / Project Tiger also conducts the country level assessment of the status of tiger, co-predators, prey and habitat once in four years, using the refined methodology, as approved by the Tiger Task Force.

The illegal demand for body parts and derivatives of tiger outside the country continues to be a serious threat to wild tigers. Therefore, protection is accorded topmost priority in Project Tiger / NTCA. The States are engaged in an ongoing manner through the NTCA Headquarters as well as its Regional Offices, while issuing alerts, besides closely working with the CBI, Wildlife Crime Control Bureau and the Police Departments. The following actions are taken in this context:

• Alerting the States as and when required
• Transmitting backward / forward linkages of information relating to poachers
• Advising the States for combing forest floor to check snares / traps
• Performing supervisory field visits through the National Tiger Conservation Authority and its regional offices
• Providing assistance to States for antipoaching operations
• Using information technology for improved surveillance (e-Eye system) using thermal cameras launched in Corbett
• Launching tiger reserve level monitoring using camera trap to keep a photo ID database of individual tigers
• Preparing a national database of individual tiger photo captures to establish linkage with body parts seized or dead tigers
• Assisting States to refine protection oriented monitoring through monitoring system for tiger”s intensive protection and ecological status (M-STrIPES)
• Providing grant through NTCA for patrolling in tiger rich sensitive forest areas outside tiger reserves
• Assisting States to deploy local workforce in a big way for protection to complement the efforts of field staff [In all, approximately 24 lakh mandays are generated annually with 50% central assistance amounting to around Rs. 24 crores (excluding matching 50% share given by States) under Project Tiger. In case of Northern- eastern States the share is 90:10 i.e. 90% central assistance and 10% matching share given by states. Many local tribes constitute such local workforce (besides non-tribals), eg. Baigas, Gonds in Madhya Pradesh, Gonds in Maharashtra, Chenchus in Andhra Pradesh, Sholigas in Karnataka, Gujjars in Uttarakhand and Irulas in Tamil Nadu to name a few. The deployment of such local tribals has been fostered / encouraged in the last two years].
• Supporting States for raising, arming and deploying the Special Tiger Protection Force
• Stepped up protection/networking/surveillance
• Voluntary relocation of people from core/critical tiger habitat to provide inviolate space for tiger
• Strengthening of protection infrastructure and habitat management as per Tiger Conservation Plans of tiger reserves
• Use of information technology in wildlife crime prevention
• Addressing human-wildlife conflicts
• Addressing the issue of resource dependency of local people through sustainable livelihood options
• Capacity building of frontline personnel
• Developing a national repository of camera trap tiger photographs with IDs
• Active management for rescuing moving tigers from human dominated landscape
• Conducting the next round of country level assessment of tiger, co-predators, prey besides habitat status monitoring
• Conducting the next round of the independent management effectiveness evaluation
• Strengthening the regional offices of the NTCA
• Declaring and consolidating new tiger reserves
• Fostering awareness for eliciting local public support
• Fostering Research

Due to concerted efforts under Project Tiger, at present India has the distinction of having the maximum number of tigers in the world at 2,967 (SE range 2,603 to 3,346) as per 2018 assessment , when compared to other tiger range countries. Tigers were observed to be increasing at a rate of 6% per annum in India when consistently sampled areas were compared from 2006 to 2018.

(Dr.Gobind Sagar Bhardwaj)

Additional Director General (Project Tiger) & Member Secretary (NTCA)

NTCA Members

As per section 38L of ‘The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972’, the National Tiger Conservation Authority shall consists of the following members, namely –

• The Minister in charge of the Ministry of Environment and Forests—Chairperson;
• The Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment and Forests—Vice-Chairperson;
• Three members of Parliament of whom two shall be elected by the House of the People and one by the Council of States;
• Eight experts or professionals having prescribed qualifications and experience in conservation of wild life and welfare of people living in tiger reserve out of which at least two shall be from the field of tribal development;
• Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests;
• Director General of Forests and Special Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests;
• Director, Wild Life Preservation, Ministry of Environment and Forests;
• Six Chief Wild Life Wardens from the tiger reserve States in rotation for three years;
• An officer not below the rank of Joint Secretary and Legislative Counsel from the Ministry of Law and Justice;
• Secretary, Ministry of Tribal Affairs;
• Secretary, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment;
• Chairperson, National Commission for the Scheduled Tribes;
• Chairperson, National Commission for the Scheduled Castes;
• Secretary, Ministry of Panchayati Raj;
• Inspector-General of Forests or an officer of the equivalent rank having at least ten years experience in a tiger reserve or wildlife management, who shall be the Member-Secretary, to be notified by the Central Government, in the Official Gazette.
• Appointment of Members in the NTCA vide notification dated 04.11.2022.
• Appointment of Member in the NTCA vide notification dated 15.01.2020.
• Appointment of Member in the NTCA vide notification dated 03.09.2019.
• Appointment of Member in the NTCA vide notification dated 03.04.2019(240 Kb)
• Appointment of member to the NTCA vide notification dated 16.03.2016
• Appointment of members to the NTCA vide notification dated 06.07.2016
• Appointment of members to the NTCA vide notification dated 09.09.2015
• Appointment of members to the NTCA vide notification dated 13.10.2014
• Appointment of Member to the NTCA vide notification dated 25.02.2013
• Amendments in the notification of Ministry of Environment & Forest, No. S.O. 1403(E) dated 04.09.2006 vide notification dated 12.10.2012
• Appointment of Member in the NTCA vide notification dated 21.09.2012
• Appointment of Person as Member in the NTCA vide notification dated 21.06.2011
• Appointment of Person as Member in the NTCA vide notification dated 15.09.2010
• Appointment of Chairperson and Members to the NTCA vide notification dated 01.09.2009
• Amendment of the NTCA (Qualification and Experience of Expert or Professional Members) Rules, 2009 dated 25.06.2009.
• Appointment of members in the NTCA vide notification dated 13.06.2007.
• Appointment of Expert/ Professional members in the NTCA vide notification dated 02.11.2006.
• NTCA Qualification and Experts or Professional Member, Rules (25th Oct 2006)(3Mb)

NTCA has been at the forefront of tiger conservation work in India. It’s work domain extends from on the ground protection initiatives to science based monitoring of tigers and their habitat using latest technological tools, indepedent assesssement of tiger reserves with MEE framework, financial and technical support to tiger reserves, creating inviolate space for wildlife while ensuring community development to international co-operation are the few thrust areas of NTCA.

The following links provide further information on the successful tiger conservation initiatives of NTCA.

India’s national tiger assessment is the largest biodiversity survey being carried out anywhere in the world. The fourth cycle of the assessment was undertaken in 2018 and 2019 using the best available science, technology and analytical tools.

In this cycle, recording of primary field data digitally through mobile phone application like M-STrIPES (Monitoring System for tigers – intensive protection and ecological status), that uses GPS to geotag photo-evidences, and survey information made this exercise more accurate, with smaller margins of human error.

Further, it involved the development of innovative technology like automated segregation of camera trap photographs to species using artificial intelligence and neural network models (software CaTRAT – Camera Trap data Repository and Analysis Tool). Program ExtractCompare that fingerprints tigers from their stripe patterns was used to count the number of individual tigers (>1 year old).

The unique feature of this cycle of assessment, in keeping up with “Digital India”, is the development and use of innovative technological tools in collection and processing of data to reduce human errors.

You may find more information on methodological details and summary of latest tiger estimation exercise in the report ‘Status of Tigers in India – 2018’ available under ‘Reports’ section of the website.

Management Effectiveness Evaluation

Survival of tigers is dependent on conservation and management efforts. To gauge the success of conservation efforts as well as to guide management inputs, it is important to assess the effectiveness of management of Tiger Reserves.

Post the disappearance of tigers in Sariska Tiger Reserve, the Government of India issued a directive to the Office of Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG) of India and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India to conduct an independent audit and place the report in the Parliament.

The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in close collaboration with global experts and National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) developed a framework for independent evaluation procedure to evaluate Tiger Reserves of the country. MEE Framework includes consideration of design issues, the adequacy and appropriateness of management systems and processes and the delivery of protected area objectives including conservation of values.

(Honourable Prime Minister of India releasing MEE report -2018 at New Delhi)

India is among the select countries in the world that have institutionalized the MEE Process. India made a beginning in evaluating the management effectiveness of its world heritage sites, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and Tiger Reserves in 2006.Four repeat cycles of evaluation of Tiger Reserves Network have been made after every four years from 2006 to 2018 in India. This process is the most significant approach for tiger conservation and associated landscape connectivity conservation and management.

For more information on MEE, the details of past evaluation exercises and the reports, please visit the ‘Report ‘ section of this website.

MSTrIPES (Monitoring System for Tigers: Intensive Protection and Ecological Status)

Currently the tiger reserves carry out law enforcement and ecological monitoring activities at regular interval, but the information generated is ad hoc and is rarely available to the tiger reserve managers in a format for informed decision making in an adaptive management framework. The “M-STrIPES” has been designed to addresses this void.It is a platform where modern technology is used to assist effective patrolling, assess ecological status and mitigate human-wildlife conflict in and around tiger reserves.

The MSTrIPES program uses Global Positioning System (GPS), General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), and remote sensing, to collect information from the field, create a database using modern Information Technology (IT) based tools, analyses the information using GIS and statistical tools to provide inferences that allow tiger reserve managers to better manage their wildlife resources.

Patrol module

The patrol module maintains a spatial database of patrol track logs, crime scenes with geotagged photographs and important observations made by field staff while on different types of patrol duties. The phone app allows visualization of all patrols in real time across the country when in cellular network connectivity. It also permits the guard to send geotagged location data to specified phone numbers in case of emergency (SOS) function. The mobile app can continue to operate in areas without phone network by using the phone’s inbuilt GPS and preloaded base maps.

Ecological Module

The tiger reserves of India use a set of standardized protocols for ecological monitoring by field staff which include the following components: 1) Occupancy of carnivores and large ungulates, 2) Abundance estimation of ungulates, 3) Assessment of anthropogenic impacts and 4) Habitat assessment.

The ecological monitoring comprising of above components are implemented across the country at a spatial resolution of 20 square km every four years and twice annually within all tiger reserves and these standardized protocols are now part of ‘Ecological Module’ of MSTrIPES program.

Conflict Module

The conflict module of MSTrIPES addresses data recording, achieving, geotagging, and spatial analysis of human-wildlife conflict details. The app has provision for recording the details of attacks on humans, attacks on livestock, crop damage and property damage. This information on location, with spatially referenced photo-evidence, and extent of conflict allows wildlife managers to mitigate conflict with appropriate interventions.

The NTCA provides technical support to Tiger Reserves in addition to the funding support through on-going Centrally Sponsored Scheme – Project Tiger.

The technical support is provided in the following aspects of tiger conservation and management.

1. Approval of Tiger Conservation Plans 2. Formulation of normative standards for tourism activities and guidelines 3. Approve, coordinate research and monitoring of tiger, co-predators, prey and habitat 4. Assessment of infrastructure/ developmental projects within the tiger reserves 5. Capacity building and skill development of tiger reserve officials and staff 6. Standard Operating Procedures for managing the conflict situations, tiger mortality, active management and other thematic areas.

For more details please visit the ‘ Document ‘ section of the website.

“Project Tiger” was launched in April, 1973 with the objective “to ensure maintenance of a viable population of Tigers in India for scientific,economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values, and to preserve for all times, areas of biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit,education and enjoyment of the people”.

Item of Activities Supported

For fulfilling the objective, the Project Tiger, an ongoing Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS-PT) provides funding support to the tiger reserves under two broad categories namely: the ‘Non Recurring’ and Recurring’ activities.

Some of the activities covered under ‘ Non Recurring ‘ category are: strengthening of protection,deployment of armed squads in tiger reserves, creating basic infrastructure for management, roads, wireless, civil works, habitat development,augmenting water resources, compensatory ameliorative measures for habitat restoration, eco-development, village relocation etc.

The ‘ Recurring ‘ activities considered for funding are: creation / deployment of local work force for patrolling/barriers,habitat improvement, providing salt licks, water facility, fire protection measures, maintenance of various items, publicity and extension and legal assistance.

Funding pattern

In case of North Eastern and Himalayan states, the funding pattern is 90:10 wherein the 90% of the scheme cost is provided by the Government of India as central assistance through NTCA and remaining 10% of the cost will be contributed by the State Government.

For rest of India, the cost of the scheme (CSS-PT) for recurring activities is shared as 50:50 basis and 60:40 basis for non-recurring activities by Central Government and State Governments.

The tiger reserves submit their proposals for funding through ‘Annual Plan of Operations (APO) to NTCA through States’s Chief Wildlife Warden (CWLW). The APOs are scrutinized at NTCA by taking into account the management prescriptions given in the ‘Tiger Conservation Plan (TCP) of respective Tiger Reserve. After vetting of the APO at various levels, funds are released from NTCA to the tiger reserves through State Governments.

The details of funds sanctioned to various tiger reserves are given here .

The NTCA has undertaken a number of milestone initiatives to strengthen tiger conservation in the country such as “active managerial interventions” for reintroducing tigers in areas where it has become locally extinct.

The tiger reintroduction has been a successful collaborative venture between the MoEF (through the NTCA), State Governments and the Wildlife Institute of India.

Since June, 2008, tigers have been successfully reintroduced in Sariska (Rajasthan) and Panna (Madhya Pradesh) Tiger Reserves.

Panna and Sariska Reintroductions

On 28.6.2008, a tiger (around 4 years of age) was chemically immobilized and airlifted to Sariska from the Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve falling in the same State (Rajasthan), using an IAF helicopter, where it was successfully released in an in-situ enclosure created for the purpose. This ‘soft release’ was done to provide time to the animal for adjusting itself to the new habitat, considering the innate ‘homing instinct’ in the cats. The tiger was subsequently released in the wild on 8.7.2008.

This was followed by translocation and subsequent release of two tigresses in Sariska during July, 2008 and February, 2009 from Ranthambhore. The translocation protocol was based on a recovery strategy and protocol suggested by the Wildlife Institute of India.

Likewise, two tigresses have been successfully translocated to Panna Tiger Reserve (Madhya Pradesh) from Kanha and Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserves falling in the same State in March, 2009.

Monitoring Reintroduced Tigers

The translocated animals have been radio collared and have been regularly monitored. The activity profile of these animals are normal, with territorial advertisements and others intra and inter-specific interactions.

In Sariska, the estimated annual home range for a tiger is around 168 sq.km., and for tigresses it ranges from 181 to 223 sq.km. There is an overlap of home range between the male and females. Sambar constituted the major prey species, followed by Chital, Nilgai, domestic livestock and wild pig.

Tiger ‘reintroduction’ done in India is the first such scientific endeavour in the world. However, in the past there are few examples of tiger ‘release’ (Dongarpur in Rajasthan and in Russia) which were not successful owing to several factors. This experience has amply demonstrated successful collaboration between the Centre and States, using the state-of-the-art technology, for reinforcing tiger conservation in the country.

It has also highlighted the fact that such active management of tigers can be resorted to in other low tiger density areas to secure the endangered gene pool. The radio telemetry monitoring data has provided valuable insights relating to spatial use and behavioural patterns of tigers.

The NTCA has developed translocation protocols containing broad based generic line of action suggested to States, vis-à-vis the ecological imperatives and the experience gained in the recent past, to ensure adequate safeguards in such efforts.

India has signed the following bilateral instruments to share it’s experience in tiger conservation:

1. Protocol on Conservation of the Royal Bengal Tiger of the Sunderban between the Government of India and Government of Bangladesh

2. Protocol on conservation of the tiger between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Peoples Republic of China

3. Memorandum of Understanding between the Republic of India and the Union of Myanmar for cooperation on combating timber trafficking and conservation of tigers and other wildlife.

4. A tripartite MoU between the National Tiger Conservation Authority, Wildlife Institute of India and A.N. Severstov Institute of Ecology & Evaluation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, was agreed upon and signed for cooperation in the field of conservation genetics, disease dynamics in wild tigers besides others.

More information…

Realizing the importance of ‘tiger protection’ in biodiversity conservation, the Finance Minister had announced policy initiatives on 29th February, 2008, for constituting ‘Special Tiger Protection Force’ (STPF).

Based on the one time grant of Rs. 50 crore provided to the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) for raising, arming and deploying a Special Tiger Protection Force, the proposal for the said force has been approved by the competent authority for 13 tiger reserves.

The STPF has been made operational in the States of Karnataka (Bandipur), Maharashtra (Pench, Tadoba-Andhari, Nawegaon-Nagzira), Rajasthan (Ranthambhore) and Odisha (Similipal), out of 13 initially selected tiger reserves, with 60% central assistance under the ongoing Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project Tiger (CSS-PT).

There are two options available for constituting the STPF: one is ‘Forest Option’ and another one is ‘Police Option’ .

Keeping in view of the duties to be performed by the personnel of STPF, a syllabus covering subjects such as wildlife conservation, protection, forest and wildlife law among others has been prescribed.

The STPF syllabus may be downloaded here.

Why relocation? 

Available data and research findings on tiger ecology indicate that for maintaining a viable population of 80-200 tigers in a tiger reserve, a minimum of 800 – 1000 sq km of inviolate forest area is required.

Tiger being an “umbrella species”, the protection offered to it also ensures viable populations of other wild animals (co-predators, prey) and forest, thereby facilitating the ecological viability of the entire forest area / habitat. Therefore, keeping the core area of a tiger reserve becomes becomes an ecological imperative for the survival of source populations of tiger and other wild animals.

Legal provisions

The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, as well as the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, require that rights of people (Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers) recognized in forest areas within core/critical tiger/wildlife habitats of tiger reserves/protected areas and after recognition the rights may be modified and resettled for providing inviolate spaces to tiger/wild animals.

The chapter IV of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 (Section 24) provides for acquisition of rights in or over the land declared by the State Government under Section 18 (for constituting a Sanctuary) or Section 35 (for constituting a National Park).Further, the sub-section 2 of Section 24 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, authorizes the Collector to acquire such land or rights. Therefore, payment of compensation for the immovable property of people forms part of modifying / settling their rights which is a statutory requirement.

Relocation package

The new package for village relocation/rehabilitation which covers the provisions of “National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007” has been designed taking into consideration the difficulties / imperatives involved in relocating people living in forest areas:

The proposed package has two options:

Option I – Payment of the entire package amount (Rs. 10 lakhs per family) to the family in case the family opts so, without involving any rehabilitation / relocation process by the Forest Department.

Option II – Carrying out relocation / rehabilitation of village from protected area / tiger reserve by the Forest Department.

In case of option I , a monitoring process involving the District Magistrate of concerned District(s) would be ensured so that the villagers rehabilitate themselves with the package money provided to them.

In this regard, a mechanism involving handholding, preferably by external agencies should also be ensured, while depositing a considerable portion of the amount in the name of the beneficiary in a nationalized bank for obtaining income through interest generated.

In case of option II , the following package (per family) is proposed, at the rate of Rs. 10 lakhs per family:

(a) Agriculture land procurement (2 hectare) and development : 35% of the total package

(b) Settlement of rights : 30% of the total package

(c) Homestead land and house construction : 20% of the total package

(d) Incentive : 5% of the total package

(e) Community facilities commuted by the family (access road, irrigation, drinking water, sanitation, electricity, telecommunication, community center, religious places of worship, burial/cremation ground) : 10% of the total package.

Funds utilized for Village Relocation

For implementing voluntary village relocation program, so far Rs 577.64 crores has been spent for the period 2014-15 to 2020-21. The year wise fund utilization details are given below:

Monitoring Village Relocation

The relocation process would be monitored / implemented by the following two Committees:

State level Monitoring Committee

(a) Chief Secretary of the State – Chairman (b) Secretaries of related departments – Members (c) State Principal Chief Conservator of Forests- Member (d) Non-official members of respective – Members Tiger Conservation Foundation (e) Chief Wildlife Warden – Member-Secretary

District level Implementing Committee

This committee comprises of the following members and its main objective apart from implementing the relocation is to ensure convergence of other sectors for fulfilling the developmental needs of communities.

(a) District Collector – Chairman (b) CEO – Member (c) Representative officials from: – Members PWD, Social Welfare, Tribal Department, Health Department, Agriculture Department, Education Department, Power and Irrigation Departments (d) Deputy Director of the Tiger Reserve/PA – Member Secretary

For more information on voluntary village relocation, you may refer “Format for preparation fo village relocation plan from core / critical tiger habitat” document under ‘Document ->Guidelines-> All Advisories’ section.

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is constituted under section 38 L of ‘The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972’ and its organization structure is given below.

The Government of India has taken a pioneering initiative for conserving its national animal, the tiger, by launching the “Project Tiger” in 1973. From 9 tiger reserves since its formative years, the Project Tiger coverage has increased to 51 at present, spread out in 18 of our tiger range states. This amounts to around 2.23% of the geographical area of our country.

The tiger reserves are constituted on a core/buffer strategy. The core areas have the legal status of a national park or a sanctuary, whereas the buffer or peripheral areas are a mix of forest and non-forest land, managed as a multiple use area. The Project Tiger aims to foster an exclusive tiger agenda in the core areas of tiger reserves, with an inclusive people oriented agenda in the buffer.

Project Tiger is an ongoing Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change providing central assistance to the tiger States for tiger conservation in designated tiger reserves.

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body of the Ministry, with an overarching supervisory / coordination role, performing functions as provided in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

The ADG (Project Tiger) and his officers also service the NTCA. The Regional Offices of the NTCA have been recently established at Bengaluru, Guwahati and Nagpur, each headed by an IGF and assisted by an AIG.

The following links contain list of tiger reserves declared so far in India, a brief note on the individual tiger reserve, a map showing tiger reserves, approved Tiger Conservation Plans and other details.

This bulletin presents indispensable state-wise profiles regarding the status of tiger reserves across India. Each state’s profile includes information regarding estimations of the total, core, and buffer areas, current tiger population, tiger reserve biodiversity, gazette notifications, and land cover maps of each reserve in the state. The contact details of each state’s forest department are also given.

You may download the the tiger reserve profile here

Map showing locations of Tiger Reserves in India

List of Tiger Reserves

This page contains list of all the tiger reserves along with the details like year of declaration, state in which the tiger reserve is located, area of both core and buffer of tiger reserve and the gazette notification of the tiger reserve. A brief note on select tiger reserves can be downloaded by clicking tiger reserve name.

For viewing the brief note and tiger reserve notification, pdf reader is required.

As per the section 38 v (3) of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 The State Government shall prepare a Tiger Conservation Plan including staff development and deployment plan for the proper management of each area referred to in sub-section (1), so as to ensure—

(a) Protection of tiger reserve and providing tiger reserve specific habitat inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey   animals.

(b) Ecologically compatible land uses in tiger reserves and areas linking one Protected Area (PA) with another PA or tiger reserve for providing dispersal habitat and corridors.

(c) Forestry operations of regular forest divisions and

The budget and expenditure details of Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS)- Project Tiger for the period 2016-17 to 2020-21 are as follows:

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Project Tiger Lesson Summary and Explanation in English Class 10th

Back to: Kerala Board Class 10th English Guide and Notes

Table of Contents

Introduction

The lesson “Project Tiger” is written by Satyajith Ray, who was an Indian filmmaker, fiction writer, publisher, illustrator, calligrapher, music composer and film critic as well. The lesson describes that how Satyajith wished to make a movie with a trained tiger. Shooting a movie with a tiger was not an easy task for him as he had to deal with a lot of problems in his film “Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne”. To shoot a scene showing the encounter of a tiger with the heroes ,Goopy and Bagha, Satyajith got a trained tiger with its trainer, Mr. Thorat from the Bharat Circus Company.

The unsuccessful shoot

They decided to shoot the scene in a bamboo grove in a village called Notun Gram, and Mr. Thorat and his team reached there with two tigers. There they found a suitable bamboo grove to shoot the first meeting between Goopy , Bagha and the tiger. Thorat came to the location with the tiger. There were some 25 people after taking took permission to watch the shooting. When the cover of the cage was removed, people saw two well-fed and strong tigers. Thorat said that he brought two because if one failed, the other could be used for the shot.

They put a tiger-skin collar around the tiger’s neck and tied one end of a thin- but-strong wire to this collar and the other end to an iron rod fixed to the ground. Mr. Thorat opened the cage and called out to the tiger, who ferociously jumped out of the cage and charged at the audience.

The trainer Mr. Thorat could not bring it under his control, but it calmed down after a while. They took the required shots, but later found that the camera had failed to work, and the shots were too dark.

The final shoot

They had to reshoot the scenes again in a village called Boral, near Calcutta. The lorry once again came with Thorat, the tiger, the steel wire, the special collar and the rod. The whole village came to see the shooting. The villagers were warned to keep themselves at least 70 feet away from the scene of shooting.

The shooting began and Thorat opened the door of the cage. The tiger came out with a loud roar, and charged straight at the villagers. The crowd, some 150 people, melted away as if by magic. After that the tiger calmed down like an obedient child and walked over to the spot that was chosen, paced about as it was required to do, and then went back to its trainer. Ray and his men took all the required shots. This time the camera also worked well, and all the shots were perfect.

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India celebrates 50 successful years of “Project Tiger”

  Syllabus: Environment Conservation

  Source: The Print

  Context: The Indian government will officially mark the 50 th year of ‘Project Tiger’ on 9 April with a three-day event in Mysuru, Karnataka.

Background:

Project Tiger- an initiative to save tigers , was first initiated in the year April 1, 1973 in Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand.

About Project Tiger:

About Tigers:

Achievements of Project Tiger

Challenges faced by project tiger:

• As per NTCA, 1059 tiger deaths were in the last 10 years, most in Madhya Pradesh
• Conflict with FRA, 2006: The Forest Rights Act passed by the Indian government in 2006 recognizes the rights of some forest-dwelling communities in forest areas.
• According to a report, nearly 29 per cent of tigers lives outside of the core zone
• From 2001 to 2016, 1,065 cases of human-tiger conflict were recorded including injuries and even fatalities on both sides.

The tiger is a unique animal which plays a pivotal role in the health and diversity of an ecosystem.  However, there is a need for further community involvement through a tiger reserve that is not built with fences and armed patrol guards, but around a  cultural model of conservation i.e. including local tribes like Idu Mishmi in Arunachal Pradesh, who consider Tigers as their elder brother and sacred.

To know about recent measures taken by India, Technological measures, and International efforts for tiger conservation: Click here

Insta links

Tiger density in India

Evaluate the various measures initiated towards tiger conservation and protection in India which have resulted in a steady increase in the population of tigers. What are the key learnings from these measures toward the conservation efforts of other species? (15M)

Prelims Link

Among the following Tiger Reserves, which one has the largest area under “Critical Tiger Habitat”?

(a) Corbett

(b) Ranthambore

(c) Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam

(d) Sunderbans

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• Save Tiger Essay

Short and Long Essays on Save Tiger

Tiger is the most charismatic and ferocious wild cat and the national animal of India.  Tiger symbolises India’s wildlife wealth. It is considered as the national animal because of its grace, strength, agility and enormous power. Also, India is the land of the largest number of tigers in the world and consists of 50% of the world’s tiger population. Yet this creature is the most slaughtered one in the country and is on the verge of becoming extinct. In 1970, the alarm was raised and hunting of tigers was made illegal. Many programs and initiatives were taken for the protection of the tiger population living in the wild.

Essay On Tigers 200 Words

In India, from the era of kings and princes, hunting tigers had been a popular source of entertaining sport, which continued during the British rule. The royal families and elites hunted tigers for several reasons; they were killed for the beautiful skin, which was used for making clothes, rugs, etc; for its multitude of medicinal properties and for other selfish interests. There was and there is a huge demand for tiger parts and products in the market outside India’s border, which is providing an added threat to the tiger’s very existence. 

It is also perceived that large development projects like mining, thermal and hydroelectric dams are also affecting the tiger’s habitat as many forests have been destroyed to facilitate such projects. 

Why Save Tigers?

As a large predator, tigers play a pivotal role in maintaining the equilibrium of the ecosystem. Tigers being the top predators, they are at the apex of the food cycle. They along with other predators keep a check on the herbivore animals, thus helping in maintaining the right balance of animals in the forest. This cycle can prevent deforestation. One tiger can protect several acres of forest in this way. In this way, the tigers and other animals will continue to get their natural habitat.

Essay On Tigers 500 Words

The very first thing anyone should do is to spread awareness among people regarding the matter of preserving the tigers. One can create and increase attention to “Preserve Tigers” by spreading adverts, leaflets, by the use of the Internet, by social media, by creating websites, etc. Public attention is crucial for such matters.

Protecting the jungles by all means necessary is the next most important phase in order to preserve the population of the tigers. The awareness that was spread earlier will come in handy as people will begin to join the cause on their own. Planting new trees in the areas around the forest is also a great idea.

Raise the voice against the projects that can seriously impact the already decreasing tiger population. The big corporations will eventually have to come down if a voice strong enough was created. Raising the issue and concerns regarding the tiger population with the government can also be helpful.

Project Tiger

Tiger Conservation has become the most crucial project for India and other countries for numerous reasons. 

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi initiated a conservation program called ‘Project Tiger’ in 1973 in Jim Corbett Park, Uttarakhand to save the tigers from becoming endangered. 

The aim of this project was to create a safe and ideal environmental condition for the survival and growth of tigers and their prey. 

The project started with nine tiger reserves and today there are 50 reserves across the country. Nagarjuna Sagar is the largest tiger reserve in India. 

Over the years, this project has been able to identify and eliminate the factors responsible for the decline of the tiger population in the country and successfully saved tigers to a large extent.  Other than conservation, the aim of Project Tiger is to aid and facilitate the breeding of tigers within a safe environment and transport them to other forests so that their population can be scaled up. 

Problems of Project Tiger

The Tiger Project was very successful in its endeavor and the population of the tigers increased up to 3500 tigers in the year 1990 from 1200 tigers in 1973. However, due to illegal poaching, the number drastically dropped. The project was not able to keep pace with the rapid changes and development. 

In 2006, the National Tiger Conservation Authority resumed the responsibility of implementation of Project Tiger to protect the endangered tigers. Many other NGOs have supported this government project by implementing many conservation activities to protect tiger habitats, mitigate tiger-human conflict, tackle wildlife crime, monitor tiger population, raise awareness and improve the livelihood of people living near the tiger reserves. 

Many social campaigns were launched to create awareness about the alarming state of tigers in the country. Well-known celebrities became the face of these campaigns to attract the public for this national cause. 

Tiger is an iconic species and yet it is slowly getting extinct. There could be possibilities that our future generation never gets to see tigers in real life but only in pictures. So it is important that citizens of India become aware of this and take all preventive measures to save this species. 

The short and long versions of the essay on Save Tiger in English will help you understand the important points to be included. Learn from these samples and compile essays on this topic on your own.

FAQs on Save Tiger Essay

Why should we save tigers?

The tiger is a large predator, which plays a significant role in the health and diversity of the ecosystem. Tigers are at the top of the food chain, maintaining the balance between the prey and herbivores and the vegetation upon which they feed. Hence why keep the herbivorous animals in check and prevent deforestation in nature. With the help of this cycle, a single tiger can protect a whole acre of forest from the deforestation that happens due to the overgrazing by the herbivores. In this way, the tiger knowingly or unknowingly preserves the natural habitats for many other animals and also their own habitats.

When was Project Tiger launched and by whom?

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi launched the Project Tiger in 1973 in Jim Corbett Park, Uttarakhand. The program was launched in order to save the tiger population from becoming endangered.

The conservation of tigers from becoming endangered or worse from going extinct was a serious project for many countries and especially for the country of India as India harbours a great population of tigers and also the biggest species of tigers are also present in India by the name of Bangali Tigers. 

Protecting the species of the tigers is a moral and ethical duty of the state of India and also the people living in the nation.

What is the aim of Project Tiger?

The Project Tiger aimed at creating a safe and ideal environmental condition for the survival and growth of tigers and their prey. The project started with making a total of 9 such safe and ideal places called tiger reserves. Nowadays, one can find a full of 50 tiger reserves. Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve situated in the state of Andhra Pradesh is said to be the largest tiger reserve present in India. 

The project tiger also works and has been able to identify and eliminate various threats that can lead to a decline in the population of the tigers in the reserves and also outside the reserves, like capturing and punishing hunters and poachers who kill tigers to sell their bodyparts in the international black market.

Mention two reasons why tigers are facing a genuine threat of extinction?

The two reasons for the extinction of tigers are encroaching on the natural habitat of the tigers for the development of industries and the poaching of tigers for their body parts, as there is a huge demand in the international market.

From the era of the kings and princes, Hunting tigers have been a popular source of entertainment sports. Rich and Elite people all around the world to this date demand the beautiful skin of tigers, for making of various materials, not just the clothes, which gives them incentives for the poachers and hunters to kill the tigers. Habitat destruction is due to other human activities like the construction of dams and many other Infrastructure projects run by humans.

Write about some tips for better essay writing?

Tips for improving your essay writing skills - 

Get creative with your title and subheadings (if any), unique and interesting titles will draw the attention of the reader and pique their curiosity. But make sure that the headlines remain relevant and appropriate to the topic of the essay.

Make use of simple language in the essay; complicated words will break the flow of the sentence.

Recheck the whole essay for any grammatical mistakes. Incorrect punctuations or spellings will distract the reader from the main content.

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Current Affairs for UPSC IAS

50 years of project tiger.

• Category Ecology and Environment
• Published 7th Apr, 2023

India marked 50 years of Project Tiger on April 1, 2023.

About Project Tiger:

• Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in April 1973 by the Government of India during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure.
• The project aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats, protecting them from extinction, and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the diversity of ecosystems across the distribution of tigers in the country.
• It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and climate change
• The project is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) .
• While it initially covered nine Tiger Reserves ( Manas, Palamau, Simlipal, Corbett, Ranthambhore, Kanha, Melghat, Bandipur and Sundarban ) spread over 18,278 sq km, India now has 54 such reserves covering more than 75,000 sq km (approximately 2.4% of the country’s geographical area).

Facts related to Tigers in India:

• There are 54 tiger reserves in India that are governed by Project Tiger.
• In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in 2010, 2,226 in 2014 and 2967 in 2018 .
• Every 4 years the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) conducts a tiger census across India.
• The Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris ), also called the Indian tiger or the Royal Bengal tiger is native to the Indian subcontinent.
• They are currently found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
• It is listed as Endangered in Nepal, India, and Bhutan, While Bangladesh and China list it as Critically Endangered.
• White Tiger, Bengal Tiger and Indochinese Tiger.

Other Tiger Conservation Measures:

• NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY : It was established in 2005, following the recommendations of the Tiger Task. It was given statutory status by the 2006 amendment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 for strengthening tiger conservation, as per powers and functions assigned to it.
• TIGER RELOCATION PROJECTS : The tiger relocation project was initiated in 2018 wherein two big cats, a male (Mahavir) from Kanha Tiger Reserve and a female (Sundari) from Bandhavgarh from Madhya Pradesh were relocated to Satkosia Tiger Reserve in Odisha, to shore up the tiger population
• TIGER SPECIAL PROTECTION FORCE : It will be effective in checking illegal human intrusion into the reserve through villages located on its fringes and serve as a second layer of protection for tigers
• GLOBAL TIGER FORUM : It is an Inter-Governmental international body working exclusively for the conservation of Tigers. Established in 1994, the Global Tiger Forum (GTF) has its headquarters in New Delhi
• GLOBAL TIGER INITIATIVE : Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) was launched in  2008  as  a  global  alliance  of  governments, international organizations, civil society, conservation, and scientific communities, and the private sector, with the aim of working together to save wild tigers
• MSTrIPES : MSTrIPES program uses Global Positioning System (GPS), General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), and remote sensing, to collect information from the field, create a database using modern Information Technology (IT) based tools, analyses the information using GIS and statistical tools to provide inferences that allow tiger reserve managers to better manage their wildlife resources.

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Tiger Essay

Tiger is a largest animal of cat species having unique pattern of dark vertical stripes on its reddish-orange fur. We have provided below various essay on tiger in order to help students. Now-a-days, essays and paragraphs writing competitions are common strategy followed by the teachers in the schools and colleges in order to enhance the skill and knowledge of students about any topic. All the tiger essay given below are written using very simple words under various words limit according to the need and requirement of students.

Long and Short Essay on Tiger in English

We have provided below short and long essay on Tiger in English language.

The essays have been written in simple language to easily provide you complete details of physical and behavioral characteristics of tigers.

After reading these Tiger Essay you will know what does a tiger looks like, how does it hunts and feeds on its prey, its social behaviour etc.

You can use these essays during your school and college competition on essay writing, debate or talk shows.

Tiger Essay 1 (100 words)

The zoological name of tiger (national animal) is Panthera tigris. It is a carnivorous animal which comes under the category of mammal as it gives birth to a child. It belongs to the cat family as a largest living member. It is found all around Asia especially in the countries like Bhutan, China, India, and Siberia. Bengal tigers are generally found in Sundarbans (watery jungle) located in Bangladesh and West Bengal including other south-east Asian countries. They are found in various colors especially white, blue and orange with black stripes. Black stripes on their upper body help them to hide away while hunting. Each and every tiger has different pattern of stripes on their body.

Tiger Essay 2 (150 words)

Tiger is a National animal of India. It has been declared as the national animal of country because of its royal look. It is very famous and strong animal known for its grace, power and agility. It is an Asiatic carnivorous animal zoologically named as Panthera tigris. There are various species and subspecies of the tigers are found all over the world. Tiger is an endangered species of the animal however few are left (according to the world tiger census) all over the world which we have to conserve in any way in order to save their life on the earth.

Government of India has run a program named “Project Tiger” in April 1973 in order to maintain the position of continuously decreasing tiger population in India. It is the matter of happiness that because of the Project Tiger campaign, the population of tigers in India is in a comfortable position.

Tiger Essay 3 (200 words)

Tiger is a national animal which belongs to the cat family. Scientific name of tiger is Panthera tigris. It is known as the largest animal in the cat family. It is found in various colors such as orange, white and blue having black stripes. Each and every tiger has different black stripes on their body. They may be different outside however their underside of abdomen becomes white. Bengal Tigers were originated in Siberia however they migrated to south because of the colder climate. Now, the natural heritage of the Royal Bengal Tiger is India. Bengal Tigers can be 7 to 10 feet long and 350 to 550 lbs weight.

They vary in size and weight depending on the subspecies and places they found. Siberian tigers are considered as the largest tigers. Females are considered to be little smaller than the males. Few decades ago, tigers were endangering continuously however because of an Indian campaign “Project Tiger”, the condition of tigers in India is in control. Earlier they were hunted very heavily by the man for the purposes like sports, traditional medical products, etc. ‘Project Tiger’ was initiated by the government of India in April 1973 in order to get control over their number. The main threats to the tiger’s life are deforestation means habitat loss and population fragmentation.

Tiger Essay 4 (250 words)

Tiger is a wild animal which has been declared as the national animal of India by the Indian government. It is considered as the cruelest wild animal to which everyone has fear of. It is a very strong animal which can jump to the long distance. It looks very calm however very clever and can suddenly grab its prey from the long distance. It becomes very fond of blood and flesh of other wild animals such cow, deer, goat, dog, rabbit, (sometimes human beings according to the chance), etc.

Tigers are called as lord of Jungle as they symbolize the wildlife wealth of the country. This is an animal having the combination of strength, grace, enormous power and agility which is the big reasons of its respect and high esteem. It is estimated that almost half of the total population of tigers are living in India. However, in the last few decades, the population of tiger in India was decreasing to a extent. The Project Tiger was launched by the government of India in 1973 in order to protect the existence of this royal animal in the country.

There are almost eight races of the tiger and the Indian race named as Royal Bengal Tiger is found in almost all over the country (except north-western region). Few years after the launch of Project Tiger, it was seen a marked increase in the tiger population in India. According to the census of 1993, the total number of tiger in the country was almost 3,750. Around 23 tiger reserves (covering an area of 33,406 sq. km) have been made under the campaign of Project Tiger throughout the country.

Tiger Essay 5 (300 words)

Tiger is a wild animal and popularly known as the national animal of India. It is almost similar to the cat as it belongs to the cat family. It is known as the largest species of the cat family. It has big teeth and a long tail. It can be of various colors (such as white, blue and orange) however everyone has black stripes on their body. It can run to a long distance with huge jumps within few minutes because it has a God gifted padded feet with sharp claws. Its four teeth (two in upper and two in lower jaw) are very sharp and strong in order to grab a huge prey to fulfill its heavy food need. The length and height of a tiger can be about 8 to 10 feet and 3 to 4 feet respectively.

It is a carnivorous animal and become very fond of blood and flesh. Sometimes, it comes to the villages from the dense forests in the search of food and eat any animal even people. It makes a solid grip on its preys (such as deer, zebra and other animals) very suddenly through its strong jaws and sharp claws. Generally, it sleeps during day time and hunts during night time because of easiness in grabbing preys. Killing wild animals without the need of food is its nature and hobby which shows its strongness and being powerful in the forest in front of other animals. That’s why, it is known as very cruel and violent wild animal.

In India, tigers are commonly found in Sundarbans (Assam, West Bengal, Tripura, Central India, etc). More big sized tigers are found in the African jungles however Royal Bengal Tigers look most beautiful of all. Tiger killing has been prohibited all through the country from the time when the number of tigers was decreasing very fast. There are six living subspecies of tigers found (such as Bengal tiger, Siberian tiger, Sumatran tiger, Malayan tiger, Indo-Chinese tiger, and South-Chinese tiger) and three have been recently extinct (such as Javan tiger, Caspian tiger, and Bali tiger).

Tiger Essay 6 (400 words)

Tiger is a very violent wild animal. It has been declared by the Indian government as the national animal of India. It is considered as the strongest, powerful and most beautiful animal on this planet. It lives in a dense forest however sometimes comes to the villages and other residential places in the search of food or deforestation. Siberian Tigers are generally used to live in cold places however Royal Bengal Tigers in the forest near river that’s why they know well to swim.

Few decades ago, tigers were hunted by the people to a great extent for fulfilling various purposes including illegal business of its body parts like skin, bones, teeth, nail, etc. It resulted in the massive decrease in the population of tigers all over India. Tigers are also found in other countries like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Malaysia, Russia, Vietnam, Bhutan, etc.

Tiger is a carnivorous animal which hunts in the night however sleeps for day. Tiger has a strong and powerful body using which it can jump up to the high length (almost 7 ft) and run up for long distance (almost 85 km/h). Black stripes on their blue, white or orange body make them really attractive and beautiful. It has naturally strong jaws, teeth and sharp claws in order to grasp its prey from long distance. It is considered as its long tail helps to maintain balance while hunting the prey. A tiger can be around 13 feet in length and 150 kg in weight. Tigers can be recognized by their unique pattern of stripes on the upper body.

Tiger as a National Animal

Tiger was selected as the National animal of India by the government because of its power, strength, and agility. It was selected as so also because of its nice names such as king of Jungle and Royal Bengal Tiger.

What is Project Tiger

Project Tiger is a campaign run by the government of India in order to maintain the population of tiger in country. It was established in 1973 in order to save tigers from the extreme threat of extinction. This project was made to focus on the preservation of remaining tigers all over the country as well as increase their number through the breeding of species. Around 23 tiger reserves have been made throughout the country for providing the safety and natural environment to them. It was seen a marked improvement in the tiger population by 1993 in the country. However despite the increase in population, the population of tigers in the country is still not satisfactory compared to the effort and money put in the project.

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Save Tiger Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on save tiger.

Tigers have become a very important topic of interest and issue all over the world presently. India is the home of major wild tigers about 2/3 of the world population . Their reducing number has triggered the government authorities to awaken and take observe. While the government is already taking projects to preserve the tiger, there is something that we as the typical public to have to do. Apart from India tigers are found in other countries like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Malaysia, Russia-Vietnam, Bhutan, etc. Below are some tips that might help us make a little to make a way to save tigers.

How Can We Save Tiger?

The first thing what we can do is create awareness among people. And, this program is even more essential when the focus is to preserve the tigers. We can increase the attention to “Save Tigers” by creating leaflets, ads, advertising the cause on internet websites and the like.  The more you propagate the idea about saving tigers, the more persons you will adhere to the cause. Developing attention is incredibly important for all public causes.

Secondly, to preserve the tigers we must stop the poaching. Even when the government has banned the selling of tiger’s skin and bodies, poaching, however, is still prevalent. It’s very important to stop this unlawful act. While you quit poaching, make sure that you do not motivate poachers by purchasing competition skinned baggage, footwear and like products.

Read 500 Words Essay on Cruelty To Animals

Thirdly, It’s been found that our jungles are getting destroyed and that could be a significant cause why creatures like tigers are disappearing. Today, tigers don’t have a proper ecosystem to develop and generate. So, protecting jungles is the next important phase. It is not possible to plant a forest but yes you can plant many trees.

Fourthly, a recent WWF study tells that without mitigation efforts, projected sea-level will rise about a foot by 2070 which can destroy nearly the entire Sundarbans tiger habitat. Sundarbans is a large mangrove forest area and is also the only coastal mangrove tiger habitat in the world. Concerned rising sea levels due to climate change threaten to wipe out these forests and the last remaining habitat of this tiger population.

Lastly, Eco journey is another phase towards your effort to preserve tigers. By traveling on one such journey, you will be able to inform people about the particular situation of tigers and jungles. This will make them feel near to the cause and a positive change could cause them to take effective actions.

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Statistics and project

A recent study shows that the tiger population has gone down by 97 percent. In 1900, more than 100,000 tigers were estimated to roam the planet, but that fell to a record low of 3,200 globally in 2010. Project save tiger was an effort to restore the safe environments of tigers which are numbered at around 3000 currently.

The Jim Corbett National park where this project was introduced is the most significant tiger reserve in India focused on preserving the tiger. The objective of that project was to increase the number of tigers that presently exist. Due to this project, the numbers have increased from 2226 in 2014 to 2967 by 2019.

Saving  Tiger is not only our duty but also our responsibility. We have to support the government in its projects for the protection of the tigers so that a healthy population of the tigers exists. We should know that when we ask something from nature, we must be ready to give something back. If nature is responsible for our existence, we must take responsibility for its existence.

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50 Years of “Project Tiger”

The 5th cycle of India’s Tiger Census has been released recently to mark the 50th year of Project Tiger.

Table of Contents

Context : The 5 th cycle of India’s Tiger Census has been released recently to mark the 50 th year of Project Tiger.

Key Findings of the Tiger Census

• India’s tiger population rose by 200 from 2,967 in 2018 to 3,167 in 2022.
• This is around 6.7% higher than the previous estimate of 2018.
• As per the report- some areas like the Shivalik and Gangetic floodplains, Central Indian and Eastern Ghats landscape s have recorded a “substantial” increase in minimum tiger populations, while others like the Western Ghats landscape and northeastern hills, Brahmaputra plains have witnessed a decline .
• There has been local extinction of tigers in some areas such as Kawal Tiger Reserve in Telangana.

Tiger Estimation

• The process of estimating the number of tigers in a given area is called ‘ Tiger estimation.’
• The census estimates are done every four years by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) with technical help from the Wildlife Institute of India.
• The first countrywide assessment was done in 2006 , followed by 2010, 2014, 2018, and the latest 2022.
• In 2020, the 2018 census made it to the Guinness Book of World Records for being the largest camera-trapping exercise in the world.

National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)

• NTCA is a  statutory body  under the  Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.
• It was established in  2005  following the recommendations of the Tiger Task Force.
• It was constituted under enabling provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 as amended in 2006, for strengthening tiger conservation, as per powers and functions assigned to it.

Wildlife Institute of India

• It is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change.
• Established– In 1982, in Dehradun (Uttarakhand).
• It offers training programs, academic courses, and advisory in wildlife research and management.
• Vision- To develop the Institute as ‘ A Global Centre of Excellence’ in the field of wildlife research, training, and advocacy.
• Mission- To nurture the  development of wildlife science and promote its application in  conservation, in consonance with our culture and socio-economic milieu.

50 years of Project Tiger

Project Tiger was launched by the Central government in 1973 to promote the conservation of the tiger.

More about Project Tiger

• it is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.
• It was initially launched in 9 Tiger reserves (TRs) in different states of India.
• It provides central assistance to tiger range States for in-situ conservation of tigers in designated tiger reserves.
• Implementing Agency: National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) was established through Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2006 to provide statutory authority to Project Tiger.
• Funding pattern: Centre provides financial assistance to States of 60% and 50% for expenditure on all non-recurring items and expenditure on recurring items respectively. Northeastern and Himalayan States are provided 90% central assistance in both cases.
• States Covered: 18

Achievement/Milestones Reached: Project Tiger has achieved the following Milestones

• Highest tiger population in the world: India hosts more than 75% of the global wild tiger population , with a current population of about 3,167 tigers, which is increasing at an annual rate of 6%.
• Establishment and development of new Tiger Reserves: From nine tiger reserves covering 18,278 sq km in 1973, ‘Project Tiger’ has today expanded to 54 reserves covering over 75,000 sq km (2.4% of India’s geographical area).
• Anti-poaching initiatives: Special Tiger Protection Force (STPF) are deployed in several TRs for focused anti-poaching operations and a special strategy for monsoon patrolling.
• Fostering awareness for eliciting local public support enabled by branding and marketing of project tiger.
• Scientific research and monitoring: ‘Project Tiger’ has provided opportunities for scientific research and monitoring, which has led to a better understanding of the behavior, ecology, and population dynamics of tigers.

About Tigers

Tigers are the largest cat species and are both umbrella and flagship species.

• IUCN: Endangered
• CITES: Appendix I
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
• World Tiger Day- 29 th July
• Largest Tiger Reserve – Nagarjunsagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh
• Smallest Tiger Reserve- Bog Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra
• Highest Tiger Density- Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand

Where are Tigers found in the Wild?

• Tiger Range Countries: India, Nepal, China, Russia, Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Sumatra (Indonesia), and Malaysia.
• Eight subspecies of tiger existed in the past out of which three have been extinct for many years.
• Indian Tiger or Royal Bengal Tiger (native to Indian Subcontinent)
• Indo-Chinese tiger
• Siberian or Amur Tiger  
• Sumatran Tiger  
• South China Tiger
• The three subspecies of tigers that became extinct in the past century are: the Bali Tiger, the Javan Tiger, and the Caspian Tiger.

What are the Concerns Associated with the Project Tiger?

• Habitat fragmentation: The creation of designated tiger reserves has led to habitat fragmentation, which can result in isolated tiger populations that are more vulnerable to genetic problems, disease, and other threats.
• Human wildlife conflicts and Retaliatory killings: Human-tiger conflict has increased in recent years due to factors like- habitat loss/fragmentation/degradation, saturation of tiger populations in certain regions, increase in human settlements and agricultural lands around protected areas etc.
• Limited genetic diversity: The expansion of tiger populations in designated reserves has led to inbreeding and a lack of genetic diversity, which can impact the health and survival of tiger populations in the long term.
• Lack of confidence and trust building between the forest department and the local communities leading to absence of their proactive participation in conservation efforts.
• Low capacity among local forest officials to effectively conduct surveillance and monitoring of tiger population.
• Lack of adequate protection in outside areas: As per the latest cycle of the All-India Tiger Estimation, 2018 nearly 35% of tigers in India are found outside tiger reserves.
• Issues related to rehabilitation and relocation of population from critical tiger habitats.
• Financial constraints in some TRs to undertake activities like restoration of habitats.

India and Tiger Conservation

• Tx2 is the global goal to double the number of wild tigers by the year 2022.
• The goal has been set by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) through Global Tiger Initiative and Global Tiger Forum.
• It was adopted in 2010 at the St. Petersburg Tiger Summit by 13 tiger range countries.
• It is a globally accepted conservation tool that sets best practices and standards to manage tigers and encourages assessments to benchmark progress.
• CA|TS, which was officially launched in 2013, is an important component of Tx2.

International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

• India has recently proposed to launch  global alliance for big cats  with an investment of  $100 million.
• The proposed alliance will provide assured support  over five years  with guaranteed funding of  over Rs 800 crore.
• The group will work towards the protection of the  seven big cats  — tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard, puma, jaguar and cheetah.
• Membership to the alliance will be  open to 97 “range” countries,  which contain the natural habitat of these big cats, as well as other interested nations, international organisations, etc.
• The IBCA will  engage in advocacy, partnership, knowledge e-portal, capacity building, eco-tourism, partnerships between expert groups  and  finance tapping .
• The alliance will  disseminate information on benchmarked practices , capacity building, resources repository, research and development, and awareness creation.
• Its  governance structure  will comprise a  General Assembly  consisting of all member countries, a  council of at least seven.

Way Forward

• India also needs to further community involvement through a cultural model of conservation  i.e. including local tribes like  Idu Mishmi  in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Also, we need a paradigm shift in tiger conservation policies in India. A landscape approach is the urgent need of time to protect the entire landscape instead of a few islands.

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Essay on Tiger

Tigers are one of the most dangerous animals living in the jungle. Despite this danger, the existence of this animal is endangered. This can be inferred from the fact that 3 out of 9 tiger species have gone extinct. Most of the world's tigers live in India because of the Project Tiger campaign. The tiger is the largest of the felines and has a distinctive pattern of dark vertical stripes on its reddish-yellow fur. To help students, we have provided various tiger essays as follows.

100 Words Essay On Tiger

The tiger is a wild animal belonging to the feline family. In terms of size, the tiger is the largest of all animals belonging to the feline family. Its scientific name is Panthera tigris . This is a very dangerous animal because it is more aggressive than a lion.

The body shape of a tiger is much like that of other animals. It additionally has eyes, ears, four legs, a nose, and a tail. Their claws and teeth are very sharp, making him very easy to hunt. Tigers are carnivorous and eat forest animals such as deer, goats, cows, and water buffaloes.

Tigers are mostly tri-colored, with black stripes across all three colors. These three colors are orange, white, and gold. There are nine species of tigers in the world, of which the royal Bengal tiger has the largest population.

200 Words Essay On Tiger

The tiger is a wild animal declared by the Government of India as India's national animal. It is considered the most brutal wild animal feared by everyone. It is a very strong animal that can jump great distances. Although it looks very calm, it is very intelligent and can suddenly catch its prey from a great distance. They are very fond of the blood and flesh of other wild animals such as cows, deer, goats, dogs, rabbits etc.

This animal combines strength, grace, great strength, and agility, which is a great reason for admiration and appreciation. It is estimated that nearly half of the total tiger population lives in India. However, over the past few decades, tiger populations in India have declined somewhat. The Tiger Project was started in 1973 by the Government of India to protect the existence of this royal animal.

There are almost 9 species of tigers, and the Indian species called the Royal Bengal Tiger is found almost all over the country (except for the Northwest). A few years after the tiger project began, the tiger population in India has increased markedly. According to the 1993 census, the total number of tigers in the country was nearly 3,750. About 23 tiger sanctuaries (33,406 sq km) have been created with tiger campaigns across the country.

500 Words Essay On Tiger

Tigers are the toughest and strongest animals. The tiger's scientific name is Panthera tigris . They belong to the feline family and are mammals. They are mostly carnivores that feed on other animals. They are most often found in dense forests. The tiger's physical characteristics are that it has orange-brown skin with black stripes all over its body. A tiger's roar is one of the loudest. Tiger babies are called cubs. They are very intelligent animals as they have strategies to attack their prey. Tigers are feared by most animals in the wild.

However, everyone must understand that tigers are being exploited due to human activities. They are hunted for an illegal trade on their part. People must understand that tigers are very important to the ecosystem. Therefore, it's vital to shield them from poaching and hunting practices.

Habitat Of Tiger

Tigers are mostly solitary and are found in rainforests, evergreens, temperate forests, and savannah forests. They also inhabit mangroves, swamps, and other wooded areas. They are mainly found in Southeast Asia, Russia, China, and Africa. There are various types of tigers, including Bengal tigers, Amur tigers, Malayan tigers, Sumatran tigers, Indochinese tigers, Bali tigers, Java tigers, and Caspian tigers. Malayan tigers and Bengal tigers live in rainforests. Tigers usually eat deer, buffalo, and wild pigs. Sometimes they even attack livestock. In most cases, tigers migrate elsewhere in search of food.

Characteristics Of Tiger

Tigers are carnivores weighing around 220-660 pounds. They are 3 feet tall with sharp teeth and claws. Tigers use their claws to assault their prey. It is the largest animal in the feline family. They have sharp teeth that can tear through flesh. Most importantly, it is a very strong and brave animal. They prey on livestock and small animals in the wild. Tigers usually hunt when they are hungry.

Tigers have the loudest roars and can startle other animals. The tiger's jaws and paws are very strong, and its eyes are visible even at night. Tigers can run fast and can bounce at their prey. They prefer to hunt alone, mostly at night.Tigers can eat up to 60 pounds of meat at a time. Tigers also hide their meat from other predators to eat later. Most importantly, they love to swim and cross rivers using their webbed feet. A collection of tigers is referred to as an ambush.

Conservation Of Tiger

World tiger populations have declined dramatically. This is mainly due to hunting and other tiger exploitation methods. Previously, there was a tendency to hunt tigers for status or entertainment. Hunting animals has been banned in recent years. Tigers are considered endangered on the IUCN Red List. In addition to hunting, tiger populations are declining due to deforestation, poaching, exploitation, and habitat fragmentation. They're hunted for their fur, teeth, pores and skin, and other frame elements.

However, strong measures are needed to save endangered tigers. People can have compassion for animals. The trade, hunting, and exploitation of tigers must be prohibited. Most importantly, we must create awareness to save tigers and stop deforestation and deforestation.

Tigers are the most ferocious animals in the world. They help balance the ecosystem. Unfortunately, however, the tiger population is declining due to human activities. We must all come together to save tigers and keep them from becoming endangered.

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Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Save The Tiger – 10 Lines, Short & Long Essay For Children

Key Points To Note: Essay On ‘Save The Tiger’ For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on ‘save the tiger’ for kids, a paragraph on ‘save the tiger’ for children, short essay on save the tiger for kids, long essay on ‘save the tiger’ for children, what will your child learn from the ‘save the tiger’ essay.

When anyone thinks of the tiger, one usually thinks of a majestic creature in the wild, one that roams freely and is the king of the forest, well, apart from the lion, of course. In this essay, we’ll focus on this splendid creature and emphasise how important it is to protect them, in the world or otherwise, and how important they actually are to us.

Tiger is a fantastic animal and has always been a symbol of fierceness, magnificence, admiration, and curiosity. This essay will help your kids have deep insight into this particular topic and come up with an opinion on it. 

Tiger is the largest living creature in the cat family. Kids need to address such points while writing an essay. Writing an essay on saving tigers for lower primary classes can become easier if the following key points are maintained:

• Write down an introductory line about tigers and their importance to our country.
• Write down the relationship between the tigers and the ecosystem.
• Point out the current situation with tigers in our country.
• Write about what measures have been taken by the government till now.
• Talk about wildlife sanctuaries built to save tigers.
• What measures can be taken to save tigers? 
• Conclude on a positive note.

Tigers are famous for their orange and black stripes. Kids may recall this information as they see the pictures of tigers on TV and in books, and can add in their respective write-ups. Here are 10 informative lines that can help writing a few lines on the save tiger essay for classes 1 and 2.

• The Tiger is the national animal of India.
• Tigers are famous for their orange and black striped skin.
• Tigers are an integral part of a balanced ecosystem.
• Due to human intervention, there has been a steep decrease in the number of tigers in recent years.
• People hunt down tigers for their expensive skin, and therefore illegal hunting should be banned.
• The government launched Project Tiger in 1973 to save tigers.
• The government has made wildlife sanctuaries and natural parks to save the tigers.
• The different species of tigers need to be saved to maintain the diversity of the ecosystem.
• If deforestation is controlled, tigers can be saved.
• We celebrate International Tiger Day on 29th July every year to spread awareness about protecting tigers.

A short paragraph on saving tigers will spread awareness about the importance of tigers in maintaining balance in the ecosystem. Here is a sample paragraph for kids to write a perfect paragraph on the topic.

The existence of the most fascinating and fierce cat family member is in danger. The number of tigers in India is gradually decreasing with passing time. Tiger is an endangered species that can soon be extinct if not taken care of. Since we know that tigers are at the top of the food chain, there will be a certain imbalance without tigers. Men are constantly cutting down forests for the progress of humankind, which is threatening the existence and survival of the tigers. But, the leading cause of extinction is poaching, as their body parts are in huge demand on the black market. Project Tiger was launched in the year 1973 by the Indian government to save and protect the tigers. We celebrate International Tiger Day on 29th July every year to spread awareness about protecting tigers.

Here is a sample essay for class 1, 2 and 3 kids to help them write a short essay on saving tigers. This will give them an overall idea about constructing such essays and keep them informed about the topic.

The tiger is declared as the national animal of India. Tigers play an integral role in the diversification of the ecosystem. Yet, in the past century, their population has drastically decreased by more than 90 percent. Historically, hunting down tigers was part of sports and was considered bravery, and tiger skin used to be displayed in old palaces to prove one’s bravery. The main reason behind extinction is hunting tigers down for their skin, which is in great demand in international and black markets. The extinction of tigers can lead to an unprotected ecosystem which will hamper the food chain. This reason is compelling enough to save tigers from going extinct. The Indian government launched a project to save the tiger by restoring safe environments for the tigers. Currently, we have around 2,967 tigers in India. Hopefully, this project and others will increase the existing number of tigers. We celebrate International Tiger Day on 29th July every year to spread awareness about protecting tigers.

Children need to learn to write an extended essay for class 3 on saving tigers to have a deeper understanding of the topic. Knowing more about saving tigers will also help them become responsible citizens. Therefore, here is a sample long essay that can guide children to write essays on this topic.

Tigers are the largest members of the cat family. They are known for their speed, fierceness, orange and black striped skin, and undoubtedly unforgiving nature against prey. There is a threat looming on their existence as tiger populations and habitats have decreased due to poaching, deforestation, and other human activities. The tiger is the national animal of India, and we must spread awareness regarding its existence. Therefore, we celebrate International Tiger Day on 29th July every year to spread awareness about protecting tigers.

Why Is There A Need To Save Tigers?

Tigers are unique animals that play an integral part in the diversity of our ecosystem. A healthy ecosystem supplies people and nature with food, fresh water, and health. Protecting wild tigers and their habitats can benefit numerous species and millions of people. As tigers prey on herbivores, the balance between the forest vegetation that they eat and the prey animals is perfectly maintained.

Causes of Decrease In Tiger Population

Tigers are one of the most important animals that are highly threatened on this planet. In ancient times, hunting a tiger was considered to be a very brave thing to do. Many old palaces now have pictures of tiger hunts and displays of tiger skin. As new laws against killing and hunting tigers were passed, instances of tiger hunting came down. In recent times, tigers have been brutally poached by black marketers and their agents for the tiger skin, which is quite in demand in the international market. This skin is used to make rugs, clothes, etc. Deforestation is also another reason for the sudden steep decrease of these cat species in recent years.

How We Can Save Tigers?

The Government of India launched a project to save the tigers and to restore safe environments for the tigers. This project was introduced in the Jim Corbett National park, which focuses on the preservation and increase in the number of tigers. Tigers are declared to be the national animal of India to mark the act of poaching as an unpatriotic and punishable offence. Even though laws are introduced, enforcing laws is essential, and this needs dedicated officers to look after the tigers. Moreover, we should be aware of contributing to saving tigers so that the balance of the ecosystem is maintained. Given below are some points that can help in saving tigers:

• Stop deforestation as the jungle is the tiger’s natural habitat
• Say no to poaching, as it is the main reason behind the decline in tigers
• Don’t buy animal skin clothing to discourage poaching and illegal hunting

Children will learn about the importance of saving tigers. They will grow up to be responsible and aware citizens who will take the necessary steps to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. They will also be able to gather a lot of information about tigers, their importance in nature, and how to increase their number. This will help them develop a better perspective about the topic and make informed decisions in the future.

We need to educate our kids regarding such crucial topics so they can make better decisions regarding the environment and wildlife.

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Project Tiger in India

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Project Tiger: The Government of India launched on 1 April 1973, Project Tiger under the Indira Gandhi government from the Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand. In the Initial years, there were only 9 tiger reserves and now it is 47 such reserves located in 18 tiger range states in India. The main motive was saving the tigers which were declining steadily. This project is part of the larger topic of Forest and Wildlife Resources, which aims to conserve and preserve the biodiversity and ecosystem of India.

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Aim of Project Tiger

Conservation units: project tiger, tiger reserves in india, 10 earliest established tiger reserves in india, national tiger conservation authority (ntca), what is the need for conserving tigers, tiger census in india, tiger census 2022.

Project Tiger

Project Tiger is an ambitious project launched by the Indian Government with the aim of saving the tiger population in India. The main objectives of the project are to conserve tigers, and their habitats, and to increase the tiger population. Project Tiger operates through various measures such as protecting tiger habitats, anti-poaching measures, and ecological restoration. The project also focuses on community involvement and education to create awareness about the importance of tiger conservation.

Project Tiger was launched in 1973 with the aim of saving the Indian tigers from extinction. The project aims to create a network of tiger reserves in India, which are protected areas where tigers can roam freely and breed. These reserves are designed to provide a natural habitat for tigers and also provide a source of income for the local communities through eco-tourism.

Project Tiger was launched by the Indira Gandhi Government in 1973 from Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand. The Government passed Wildlife Protection Act in 1972 for the protection and conservation of species of flora and fauna . In 1973, Project Tiger was launched for increasing the population of tigers in the country. Initially, there were only 9 tiger reserves in India and now there are 47 reserves located in 18 tiger range states in India.

The main objectives behind Project Tiger are to reduce the factors which cause the diminishing of tigers and also to manage them and ensure a viable tiger population in the case of economic, scientific, ecological, and cultural values.

The body administrating is National Tiger Conservation Authority and there are 8 Conservation units:

• Sundarbans Conservation Unit
• Northeast Conservation Unit
• Western Ghats Conservation Unit
• Shivalik-Terai Conservation Unit
• Eastern Ghats Conservation Unit
• Sariska Conservation Unit
• Central India Conservation Unit
• Kaziranga Conservation Unit

Significant changes have been brought for the tiger population through Project Tiger. About 30 percent growth in the Tiger population could be seen from 2010-2014 in India.

There are total of 53 Tiger Reserves according to NTCA.

• Largest- Nagarjunsagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve in Andhra Pradesh.
• Smallest- Orang Tiger Reserve in Assam on base of core area.

The National Tiger Conservation Authority is a statutory body under the MoEFCC and was founded in 2003, after following the recommendations of Tiger Task Force. The NTCA is constituted under section 38 L (1) OF Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972.

The need for conserving tigers are as follows:

• Threats to tigers: Some of the main threats to tigers include habitat loss, poaching, spawning migration, spawning tourism, and spawning-related human-tiger conflicts.
• Eco-tourism: Eco-tourism is an important part of Project Tiger as it provides a source of income for the local communities and helps to create awareness about the importance of tiger conservation.
• Anti-poaching measures: Project Tiger also includes anti-poaching measures to prevent the illegal killing of tigers for their body parts, which are used in traditional medicine and as luxury items.
• Research and Monitoring: Project Tiger includes ongoing research and monitoring activities to better understand the behavior and population dynamics of tigers, and to inform conservation efforts.
• Community Involvement: Project Tiger recognizes the importance of involving local communities in conservation efforts and works with them to promote sustainable livelihoods and mitigate human-tiger conflicts.

The National tiger census is done in every 4 years by National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) in alliance with state forest departments, conservation of NGOs and also Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and use double sampling method based on ground based surveys and images from camera tops.

The Tiger Census of 2022, reveals 6.7 percent increase in the past four years and the tiger census covered forested habitats in 20 states of India and International Big Cat All Alliance (IBC) in Mysuru, which organised the 50 years of Project Tiger. The highlights of the census is, the population of tiger has grown from 200 from 2018 to 2022, the population is up to 3,167 in 2022 from 2,967 in 2018.

FAQs on Project Tiger

W here did project tiger launched.

Project Tiger was launched by Indira Gandhi government in the year 1973 from Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand and tiger is an endangered species in the world.

What is Project Tiger?

Project Tiger refers to a wildlife conservation project launched by the Government of India on 1972 to protect the tiger population of India. The main objective was survival and maintenance of Tiger population in India.

What are some of the well-known tiger reserves in India?

Some of the well-known tiger reserves in India are the Corbett National Park, Kanha National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, and Sundarbans National Park.

Is Project Tiger still active?

Project Tiger is ongoing Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.

Who started Project Tiger?

Project Tiger was launched by Central Government in April 1 of 1973.

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Essay on Tiger for Students and Children in English [500 Words]

December 10, 2020 by Sandeep

Essay on Tiger: Tiger is a wild animal belonging to the cat family. It falls in the category of carnivorous species preferably found in a dense forest. The two-chief subspecies of tiger are Siberian and Bengal Tiger. Tiger is meant to be the most ferocious animal of all. They are brown-orange colour with black stripes and white colour with black stripes. Below we have provided Tiger Essay in English, written in easy and simple words for class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 school students.

Essay on Tiger in English 500 Words

Below we have provided an extended Essay on Tiger, suitable for class 7, 8, 9 and 10 school students.

Tigers are the most beautiful animals on the planet. They are found in the dense forest because of their characteristic feature to stay aloof from human contact. In India, they are found in the jungles of Sundarbans, West Bengal, Assam and Central India. They belong to the cat family and often referred to as big cats. Tigers are known to be a territorial and solitary animal who stands as the apex predator.

Habitat and Physical Features

Tiger possesses a muscular body with strong forelimbs. Its pelage is massive, and colouration varies from brown to orange with black stripes. The strips are unique for every tiger and help in camouflage in vegetation, especially in the long grass. Their hair growth is thick around the neck and jaws with long whiskers, especially in males. The skull of the tiger is like the lion’s skull.

Having blessed with padded feet and sharp claws, they display unique hunting skills which let them have a stronghold on their prey. Tigers are nocturnal as they sleep in the day and hunt in the night. Its eye glow like a fire in the dark night and their vision is six times stronger than humans during night. The tail plays a crucial role in hunting as it helps to balance while running fast. The teeth are divided into two parts-two in the upper jaw and two in the lower jaw.

Hunting and Diet

They usually feed on large or medium-sized mammals. The most preferred are deer, wild boar, cow, barasingha, etc. If not larger ones, then it feeds on smaller prey such as birds, hares, fish, porcupines and monkeys. Moreover, they also prefer other prey like leopards, bears, dogs and crocodiles.

Due to their antisocial behaviour, they hunt alone and ambush their prey using their body size and weight to knock the victim off balance. Like other predators, tigers also bite the throat of the prey and remains latched onto it till the target dies of strangulation. Tigers can even hunt swiftly in water because of its extraordinary swimming skills.

Causes for Tiger Endangerment

The tiger numbers are declining due to excessive cutting of trees, which causes to lose their natural habitat. They are forced to live in an unnatural environment. Tigers being territorial require more substantial space to roam and hunt. But with the reduction of the number of prey and surrounding, they suffer tremendously. Global warming brought climate change which leads them to become vulnerable. Poaching and hunting are the immediate threat to the species.

They are poached for their bones, organs, skin, fur, and sold in the black markets. Another danger is retaliatory killing which is caused when tigers enter the residential areas in the villages to kill cattle. Villages retaliate by killing them as loss of livestock means loos of livelihood for them.

Project Tiger

Project Tiger was commenced in the year 1973 with the objective to protect the striped predator from extinction. Under the project, few areas in India are identified as Tiger Reserves. Since then, special efforts are carried out to save the animal. Initially, nine reserves were set up later, which increased to 27 centres in the year 2003. The chief goal of the project is as follows:

• Restricting and banishing all sorts of human activity in the core zones and minimalizing the action in the buffer zone.
• Evaluating the damage done to the eco-system and implementing solutions to recover it to its original form.
• Surveilling the changes brought and researching the conditions prudent for their survival.
• Ensuring to increase the population through breeding in their species.

Furthermore, plans are devised to develop a wireless communication system to curb the evil act of poaching. Steps like relocating the villages away from core areas, control of livestock grazing in tiger area and assessments regarding the environmental changes have come to fruition by displaying positive signs. Although the government has tried to increase the number, still it is not satisfactory compared to the money invested in the scheme.

Nature has always helped mankind by bestowing immense bounties, thus flourishing human race. Therefore, it is essential as a human being to give back to nature in the form of love, care, protection and respect. Saving wildlife and taking precautionary measures is crucial to our environment as it will help those on the brink of extinction. Voluntary help is required by everyone to work together with the government and wildlife organizations to save mother earth.

The environment safety programs, nature projects, project tiger, nature camps etc. are started by the Indian government outspread awareness among the people. The projects not only have the aim to preserve our national heritage but also promote eco-tourism. Together as responsible citizens, we can make all the projects successful and help refloat the sabotaged conditions that hamper the peace of earth.

Short Essay on Tiger in English 250 Words

Tiger Essay, usually given for class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 students.

Tiger is the national animal of India due to its strength, agility and energy. It is found in the dense forest and considered to be the most powerful, attractive and aggressive animal. Although they live in a dense forest, they are usually spotted in villages and other residential areas due to the mass cutting of trees. They belong to the cat family because of its resemblance to a cat. It has enormous teeth and a long tail with the ability to jump from a very long distance.

Tigers devour on other animals like cow, deer, goat and rabbit. People often refer them to be the God of the forest as they are a symbol of wealth in the woods. Tigers average height and length is 8 to 10 feet and 3 to 4 feet. Generally, it sleeps in the day and hunts in the night. It uses chemical signalling as a form of conveying its physical dominance to other animals. The signal has a long-lasting effect than physical or auditory signalling and could be in the form of urine, excretions, glandular secretion etc.

The strips on its body assist in camouflaging due to which it appears unrecognised to the prey. This provides an opportunity to pounce on the victim and make a good kill. In India, tigers are found in Assam, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Tripura etc. Poaching and hunting have led the population of the tiger to decrease rapidly, thus crippling the food-chain and ecology balance.

Essay on Tiger in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Tiger is a largest animal of cat species having unique pattern of dark vertical stripes on its reddish-orange fur. We have provided below various essay on tiger in order to help students. Now-a-days, essays and paragraphs writing competitions are common strategy followed by the teachers in the schools and colleges in order to enhance the skill and knowledge of students about any topic. All the tiger essay given below are written using very simple words under various words limit according to the need and requirement of students.

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Long and Short Essay on Tiger in English

We have provided below short and long essay on Tiger in English language.

The essays have been written in simple language to easily provide you complete details of physical and behavioral characteristics of tigers.

After reading these Tiger Essay you will know what does a tiger looks like, how does it hunts and feeds on its prey, its social behaviour, etc.

You can use these essays during your school and college competition on essay writing, debate or talk shows.

Tiger Essay 1 (100 words)

The zoological name of tiger (national animal) is Panthera tigris. It is a carnivorous animal which comes under the category of mammal as it gives birth to a child. It belongs to the cat family as a largest living member. It is found all around Asia especially in the countries like Bhutan, China, India, and Siberia. Bengal tigers are generally found in Sundarbans (watery jungle) located in Bangladesh and West Bengal including other south-east Asian countries. They are found in various colors especially white, blue and orange with black stripes. Black stripes on their upper body help them to hide away while hunting. Each and every tiger has different pattern of stripes on their body.

Tiger Essay 2 (150 words)

Tiger is a National animal of India. It has been declared as the national animal of country because of its royal look. It is very famous and strong animal known for its grace, power and agility. It is an Asiatic carnivorous animal zoologically named as Panthera tigris. There are various species and subspecies of the tigers are found all over the world. Tiger is an endangered species of the animal however few are left (according to the world tiger census) all over the world which we have to conserve in any way in order to save their life on the earth.

Government of India has run a program named “Project Tiger” in April 1973 in order to maintain the position of continuously decreasing tiger population in India. It is the matter of happiness that because of the Project Tiger campaign, the population of tigers in India is in a comfortable position.

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Tiger Essay 3 (200 words)

Tiger is a national animal which belongs to the cat family. Scientific name of tiger is Panthera tigris. It is known as the largest animal in the cat family. It is found in various colors such as orange, white and blue having black stripes. Each and every tiger has different black stripes on their body. They may be different outside however their underside of abdomen becomes white. Bengal Tigers were originated in Siberia however they migrated to south because of the colder climate. Now, the natural heritage of the Royal Bengal Tiger is India. Bengal Tigers can be 7 to 10 feet long and 350 to 550 lbs weight.

They vary in size and weight depending on the subspecies and places they found. Siberian tigers are considered as the largest tigers. Females are considered to be little smaller than the males. Few decades ago, tigers were endangering continuously however because of an Indian campaign “Project Tiger”, the condition of tigers in India is in control. Earlier they were hunted very heavily by the man for the purposes like sports, traditional medical products, etc. ‘Project Tiger’ was initiated by the government of India in April 1973 in order to get control over their number. The main threats to the tiger’s life are deforestation means habitat loss and population fragmentation.

Tiger Essay 4 (250 words)

Tiger is a wild animal which has been declared as the national animal of India by the Indian government. It is considered as the cruelest wild animal to which everyone has fear of. It is a very strong animal which can jump to the long distance. It looks very calm however very clever and can suddenly grab its prey from the long distance. It becomes very fond of blood and flesh of other wild animals such cow, deer, goat, dog, rabbit, (sometimes human beings according to the chance), etc.

Tigers are called as lord of Jungle as they symbolize the wildlife wealth of the country. This is an animal having the combination of strength, grace, enormous power and agility which is the big reasons of its respect and high esteem. It is estimated that almost half of the total population of tigers are living in India. However, in the last few decades, the population of tiger in India was decreasing to a extent. The Project Tiger was launched by the government of India in 1973 in order to protect the existence of this royal animal in the country.

There are almost eight races of the tiger and the Indian race named as Royal Bengal Tiger is found in almost all over the country (except north-western region). Few years after the launch of Project Tiger, it was seen a marked increase in the tiger population in India. According to the census of 1993, the total number of tiger in the country was almost 3,750. Around 23 tiger reserves (covering an area of 33,406 sq. km) have been made under the campaign of Project Tiger throughout the country.

Tiger Essay 5 (300 words)

Tiger is a wild animal and popularly known as the national animal of India. It is almost similar to the cat as it belongs to the cat family. It is known as the largest species of the cat family. It has big teeth and a long tail. It can be of various colors (such as white, blue and orange) however everyone has black stripes on their body. It can run to a long distance with huge jumps within few minutes because it has a God gifted padded feet with sharp claws. Its four teeth (two in upper and two in lower jaw) are very sharp and strong in order to grab a huge prey to fulfill its heavy food need. The length and height of a tiger can be about 8 to 10 feet and 3 to 4 feet respectively.

It is a carnivorous animal and become very fond of blood and flesh. Sometimes, it comes to the villages from the dense forests in the search of food and eat any animal even people. It makes a solid grip on its preys (such as deer, zebra and other animals) very suddenly through its strong jaws and sharp claws. Generally, it sleeps during day time and hunts during night time because of easiness in grabbing preys. Killing wild animals without the need of food is its nature and hobby which shows its strongness and being powerful in the forest in front of other animals. That’s why, it is known as very cruel and violent wild animal.

In India, tigers are commonly found in Sundarbans (Assam, West Bengal, Tripura, Central India, etc). More big sized tigers are found in the African jungles however Royal Bengal Tigers look most beautiful of all. Tiger killing has been prohibited all through the country from the time when the number of tigers was decreasing very fast. There are six living subspecies of tigers found (such as Bengal tiger, Siberian tiger, Sumatran tiger, Malayan tiger, Indo-Chinese tiger, and South-Chinese tiger) and three have been recently extinct (such as Javan tiger, Caspian tiger, and Bali tiger).

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Tiger Essay 6 (400 words)

Tiger is a very violent wild animal. It has been declared by the Indian government as the national animal of India. It is considered as the strongest, powerful and most beautiful animal on this planet. It lives in a dense forest however sometimes comes to the villages and other residential places in the search of food or deforestation. Siberian Tigers are generally used to live in cold places however Royal Bengal Tigers in the forest near river that’s why they know well to swim.

Few decades ago, tigers were hunted by the people to a great extent for fulfilling various purposes including illegal business of its body parts like skin, bones, teeth, nail, etc. It resulted in the massive decrease in the population of tigers all over India. Tigers are also found in other countries like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Malaysia, Russia, Vietnam, Bhutan, etc.

Tiger is a carnivorous animal which hunts in the night however sleeps for day. Tiger has a strong and powerful body using which it can jump up to the high length (almost 7 ft) and run up for long distance (almost 85 km/h). Black stripes on their blue, white or orange body make them really attractive and beautiful. It has naturally strong jaws, teeth and sharp claws in order to grasp its prey from long distance. It is considered as its long tail helps to maintain balance while hunting the prey. A tiger can be around 13 feet in length and 150 kg in weight. Tigers can be recognized by their unique pattern of stripes on the upper body.

Tiger as a National Animal

Tiger was selected as the National animal of India by the government because of its power, strength, and agility. It was selected as so also because of its nice names such as king of Jungle and Royal Bengal Tiger.

What is Project Tiger

Project Tiger is a campaign run by the government of India in order to maintain the population of tiger in country. It was established in 1973 in order to save tigers from the extreme threat of extinction. This project was made to focus on the preservation of remaining tigers all over the country as well as increase their number through the breeding of species. Around 23 tiger reserves have been made throughout the country for providing the safety and natural environment to them. It was seen a marked improvement in the tiger population by 1993 in the country. However despite the increase in population, the population of tigers in the country is still not satisfactory compared to the effort and money put in the project.

Related Information:

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• School Education /

Essay on Tiger in 500 Words

• Updated on  
• Feb 3, 2024

Essay on Tiger: The tiger is our national animal, locally known as ‘Baagh’ and its scientific name is ‘Panthera Tigris’ . This predator is listed among the most amazing creatures on the planet and is the largest member of the cat family. Tigers are strong, powerful, and beautiful creatures only found in specific locations. Unfortunately, tigers are on the brink of extinction because of things like illegal hunting poaching, and habitat loss. According to the 2022 census, there are 3167 tigers in India , which is a significant improvement in their population. The government has taken various measures to save this beautiful animal from extinction. 

Also Read: International Tiger’s Day

Why Should We Save Tigers?

In India, there are a total of 54 Tiger Reserves. Tigers are one of the few animals that play a crucial role in maintaining the balance in our biodiversity . Tigers are known as the largest member of the Cat Family, where a Male Tiger weighs about 100 – 260 kg and a Female Tiger weighs about 75 – 177 kg. 

To learn more about ¨Why Should We Save Tigers¨ in short and simple words, consider the following points:

• Tigers play a vital role in our ecosystem because their landscape provides multiple services to humans and animals. Tiger reserve areas work as life-saving habitats as they reduce the risk of disasters like floods, landslides, tidal surges, etc.
• Saving tigers means saving the entire biodiversity of a particular region. Tigers co-exist with endangered and vulnerable animals like one-horner rhinos, elephants, etc. 
• In India, the Tiger has cultural importance, as there are regional communities who worship the tiger as their protector. Some of the communities are the Garo tribe of Meghalaya, the Gond tribe of MP and Tulunadus of Karnataka.

The Government of India passed the 1972 Wildlife Protection Act to protect and preserve various animal and plant species. In 1973, the government launched Project Tiger to increase the tiger population in India.

Take a look at the table below, which highlights the names of tiger reserves in India, and the tiger population in those reserves:

Also Read: Essay on Cow for All Classes

International Tiger’s Day

Every year, the 29th of July is celebrated as International Tiger Day or Global Tiger Day. This day is observed to raise awareness for tiger conservation and how important this big cat is to our environment. Tigers are mostly found in Africa and Asia. The Royal Bengal Tiger is one of the most popular breeds, founded in the Sundarbans, near the India-Bangladesh border.

Tigers are on the verge of extinction because of illegal hunting and poaching. India has taken strong measures to preserve tigers with its 1973 Project Tiger, which led to the establishment of around 50 Tiger reserves in India. Apart from raising awareness for tiger conservation, International Tiger’s Day also highlights their economic, environmental and cultural significance.

Facts About Tigers

Let us learn some interesting facts about Tigers:

• There are a total of 6 Tiger breeds: Bengal, Indochinese, Malayan, Siberian (Amur), South China, and Sumatran tigers.
• Tigers are the largest members of the cat family (Felidae).
• Tigers are known for their striking coat patterns of dark vertical stripes on an orange background.
• Like human fingerprints, the stripe pattern on each tiger is unique.
• Tigers can swim long distances and have been known to cross rivers and lakes in search of prey or to establish territories.
• Tigers are powerful and agile hunters. They have a stealthy approach, relying on their keen senses of sight and hearing, and can leap up to 10 feet in a single bound.
• Tigers are known for their variety of vocalizations, including roars, growls, hisses, and chuffing sounds.

Ans: Tigers are fearless predators and are the largest in the cat family, Their scientific name is Panthera Tigris and in India, they are locally known as Baagh. Tigers are an endangered animal as only a number of these animals exist today. In 1972, the Government of India passed the Wildlife Preservation Act to preserve and protect the rich flora and fauna of India. The next year, the 1973 Project Tiger was launched to raise awareness about tiger conservation. There are a total of 6 Tiger breeds: Bengal, Indochinese, Malayan, Siberian (Amur), South China, and Sumatran tigers. Tigers are the largest members of the cat family (Felidae). Tigers are known for their striking coat patterns of dark vertical stripes on an orange background.

Ans: The International or Global Tiger Day is observed on 29th July every year to raise awareness about tiger conservation and their environmental, cultural, and economic importance.

Ans: According to the 2022 census, the tiger population in India stands at 3176.

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With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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• IAS Preparation
• This Day in History
• This Day In History Apr - 01

Project Tiger Launched - [April 1, 1973] This Day in History

The Government of India launched the Project Tiger with the aim of saving the steadily declining population of tigers in India on 1 April 1973. This article gives information of the background for launching this project as well as shares the objectives and working methodology of this project.

Aspirants would find this article very helpful while preparing for the IAS Exam .

Project Tiger is an important topic for the environment and ecology section of the UPSC exam. In this edition of This Day in History, you can read all about this project and its impact on the population and conservation of tigers in India.

• Project Tiger was launched by the Indira Gandhi government in 1973 from the Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand.
• The tiger is an endangered species in the world. At the turn of the 20 th century, India had a population of tigers that ranged from 20000 to 40000. Due to the hunting practices of the Maharajas and the British, as well as poaching activities, their number had dwindled drastically to about 1820 in the seventies. Another reason for the sinking population is the scarcity of prey for these wild cats.
• The government passed the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972 for the protection and preservation of different species of flora and fauna.
• In 1973, the Project Tiger was launched with an ambitious aim of increasing the population of the tiger (scientific name: Panthera tigris) in the country.
• In the initial years of this project, there were only nine tiger reserves in India. At present, there are 47 such reserves located in 18 tiger range states of India.
• The initial reserves covered under Project Tiger were the Jim Corbett, Manas, Ranthambore, Simlipal, Bandipur, Palamau, Sundarbans, Melghta and Kanha national parks.
• At present, a little more than 2% of the country’s area is covered under the Project.

Project Tiger – Objectives & Working methodology

• Reduce factors that cause the diminishing of tiger habitats and manage them.
• Ensure a viable tiger population for scientific, ecological, economic, aesthetic and cultural values.
• The administrating body for the project is the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). The NTCA was formed in 2005 as per the recommendations of the Tiger Task Force. Under the organisation, there are eight Conservations Units each headed by a director who is responsible for his/her reserve area.
• Sundarbans Conservation Unit
• Northeast Conservation Unit
• Western Ghats Conservation Unit
• Shivalik-Terai Conservation Unit
• Eastern Ghats Conservation Unit
• Sariska Conservation Unit
• Central India Conservation Unit
• Kaziranga Conservation Unit
• The reserves are created and functioned on a core/buffer strategy. That is, the core areas have the legal status of a national park or sanctuary in India. The buffer areas form the peripheral region and are a combination of forest and non-forest lands. The project purposes of adopting an exclusive tiger agenda in the core areas and an inclusive people-centric approach in the buffer regions.
• The project, apart from preserving the habitats of the tigers in their ecological purity, also does the job of conducting tiger census in the country. It also combats poaching.
• During the 12 th Plan, the budget had allocated Rs.1245 crore for Project Tiger. It is a central government-sponsored scheme.
• Assistance is also given to the states to protect tigers in the respective states. In India, tigers are present in 19 states.
• States maintain the Special Tiger Protection Force to protect tigers in the reserves.
• The project is in the process of creating a national database of individual tigers with photos so that seized body parts or dead tigers can be traced.
• The Monitoring System for Tigers – Intensive Protection and Ecological Status, or M-STrIPES was launched in 2010 and is a software-based monitoring system for tigers.
• Information technology is used to keep a tab on the number of tigers. The e-Eye system was launched in 2016 at Corbett, which uses thermal cameras for enhanced surveillance.
• The project is working towards eliminating all human activities from the core areas. In the buffer areas, it is working towards minimising tiger-human conflicts.
• Wildlife research is also carried out under the project and this includes flora and fauna assessment and monitoring of changes in them in the tiger habitats.
• The Forest Rights Act was passed in 2006, which recognised the rights of certain forest-dwelling communities. This could be problematic for the population of tigers in that it could increase tiger-human contact.
• Poaching is a big menace in India. Tigers are especially vulnerable because tiger skin is in huge demand in the international black market. Tiger claws and other parts are also in demand. Most of the remains end up in China.
• The project has brought about significant changes in the tiger population in the country. From 2010 to 2014, there has been a 30% rise in the number of tigers in India. At present, there are 2226 tigers in India, which is the highest in the world (about 70% of the tigers in the world are in India).

Also on this day

1889: Birth of K. B. Hedgewar, founder of the RSS.

1935: The Reserve Bank of India was formed.

1936: Odisha was formed as a separate province and this day is observed as Odisha Day/Odisha Divas/Utkal Divas.

1937: Birth of former Vice President of India, Mohammad Hamid Ansari.

See previous ‘This Day in History’ here .

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Essay by UW–Madison’s Jones shares origins of ‘These Grand Places’ photography project

UW–Madison’s Tomiko Jones, an assistant professor in the School of Education’s Art Department, has written an essay about her long-form photography-based project, “These Grand Places,” for the digital magazine Edge Effects .

Jones’ photography and multidisciplinary installations explore social, cultural, and geopolitical transitions, considering the twin crises of too much and too little in the age of climate change. Running themes within her work include ecological concerns, questions of belonging, and activated cultural traditions.

In the essay, “Imagining National Belonging in American Landscapes,” Jones discusses the origins of “These Grand Places” in the road trips of her childhood and in her lived experience as a person of multiracial identity. “From elementary school to graduate studies, I often could not find myself in the history I was taught, the artwork I saw, or the archives I studied,” Jones writes. “The desire to repair the feeling of being outside official histories and search for a sense of belonging has ultimately defined my creative practice and shaped my scholarly research.”

“My project ‘These Grand Places’ arguably began during my graduate studies as an investigation into the construct of identifying land as ‘ours’,” Jones adds. “Photography, as an invention and tool, played a significant role in Manifest Destiny, in hegemonic narratives of how the nation was made, identified, and ‘conquered’.”

Jones notes the project, which got its start through a Seed Grant through the School of Education’s Grand Challenges grant program, was also informed by her participation in the First Nations Cultural Landscape Tour , led by Omar Poler.

During their walk, Jones writes, Poler asked the question: “What if we were to look at this place in a different way, through new eyes? How would that change how we acted?”

She adds that this question introduced a new philosophical idea to explore in her work: “How do we see differently?”

“These Grand Places” will premiere in a multimedia installation in Jan. 2025 as part of Jones’ mid-career exhibition.

To learn more, read Jones’ essay, “ Imagining National Belonging in American Landscapes .”

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FHSU interdisciplinary team empowers survivors through art and storytelling

By FHSU University Communications

HAYS, Kan. - FHSU students and faculty from Criminal Justice, Clinical Psychology, and Art and Design recently created a pilot research project to explore the often-neglected facets of gender-based violence through art illustration and storytelling. Through this innovative project, researchers and artists use art and storytelling as tools to empower survivors and individuals navigating trauma, fostering resilience along the way.

An interdisciplinary team presented their pilot project research at ResilienceCon in Nashville, Tenn., April 14-17. The project was funded through FHSU’s Undergraduate Research Experience and Education Opportunity Fund.

“Working with other people’s stories has taught me a lot about the universal language of art,” said Jenny Cox, senior art and design student. “The majority of people we presented to, though they weren’t artists, found connection with our work.”

The team’s project invites survivors to reclaim their narratives and find strength in shared experiences. Through the transformative power of storytelling and art, survivors are building bridges of empathy and understanding.

Tasanya Rowe, a research team member pursuing a master’s in clinical psychology, was recognized with the Life Promising Scholar Honorable Mention, an accolade typically reserved for doctoral candidates and established scholars.

“Presenting our findings at ResilienceCon was an incredibly rewarding experience that allowed us to share our passion for understanding and addressing gender-based violence through the lens of illustrations and resilience,” Rowe said. “Engaging with fellow researchers and practitioners at the conference provided valuable feedback and perspectives, enriching our understanding and shaping future directions for our work.”

Team members attending ResilienceCon included: Matthias Pearce (Criminal Justice, B.S.); Tasanya Rowe (Clinical Psychology, MS); Emily Schoeppner, (Art Education with an emphasis in painting and drawing, B.A.); Jenny Cox (Drawing, B.F.A); Lexis Beesley (Painting and Drawing, B.F.A.); Amy Schmierbach; (Art and Design, M.F.A.); Ziwei Qi (Criminal Justice, Ph. D).

For information on the team’s research and upcoming initiatives, please contact Dr. Ziwei Qi at [email protected] or Amy Schmierbach at [email protected] .

University Communications Fort Hays State University 600 Park Street Hays, KS 67601 785-628-4208

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Guest Essay

What Began as a War on Theater Won’t End There

By James Shapiro

Mr. Shapiro is the author of the forthcoming “The Playbook: A Story of Theater, Democracy, and the Making of a Culture War.”

Productions of plays in America’s high schools have been increasingly under attack. In 2023, Anton Chekhov’s “Three Sisters” was rejected in Tennessee (since it deals with adultery); “August: Osage County,” the Pulitzer Prize-winning play by Tracy Letts, was canceled in Iowa after rehearsals had begun (the community was deemed not ready for it); and in Kansas, students were not even allowed to study, let alone stage, “The Laramie Project ,” a play by Moisés Kaufman and members of the Tectonic Theater Project about the murder of a gay student, Matthew Shepard.

It should come as no surprise, then, that in the Educational Theater Association’s most recent survey, 85 percent of American theater teachers expressed concern about censorship . Even Shakespeare is at risk: In Florida, new laws led to the restriction of “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” to grades 10 through 12 and “Romeo and Juliet” could not be taught in full to avoid falling afoul of legislation targeting “sexual conduct.” Kill off young people’s exposure to theater, and you kill off a generation of playgoers, along with the empathy and camaraderie (already in short supply) that are intrinsic to theater. According to the latest report from the National Endowment for the Arts , from 2017 to 2022 the percentage of Americans who went even once a year to see a nonmusical play dropped by roughly half, from about 10 percent to less than 5 percent.

What begins as a war on theater never ends there.

The current attacks on theater in American schools have their origins in a struggle that took place in the late 1930s, when America’s political leadership believed that the arts, no less than industry and agriculture, were vital to the health of the Republic and deserving of its financial support. There was still an implicit understanding that theater and democracy — twinborn in ancient Greece, spheres where competing visions of society could be aired and debated — were mutually dependent. Funded by Congress as part of a Works Progress Administration relief bill and established in 1935, the Federal Theater Project by 1939 had staged over 1,000 productions in 29 states, seen free or for a pittance by 30 million spectators, or roughly one in four Americans, two-thirds of whom had never seen a play before.

It brought children’s plays on touring trucks to kids in crowded cities. It staged works in Spanish, Yiddish and Italian to reach immigrants. It established what it called Negro units from Hartford, Conn., to Seattle to support Black actors and playwrights. It staged Christmas plays and classics by Shakespeare and Euripides and nurtured young playwrights and directors, including Arthur Miller and Orson Welles. It brought free theater to asylums, orphanages, hospitals, prisons and veterans’ homes. It revived playgoing in rural states where the movies had all but ended it. Ten million listeners a week tuned in to its radio broadcasts. It established ties with hundreds of educational, fraternal, civic and religious groups, strengthening communal bonds.

It turned out that Americans were hungry for plays about issues that mattered to their lives, topics largely shunned by Hollywood and the commercial stage. So they flocked to see new plays about substandard housing and the plight of struggling farmers. One of the most remarkable Federal Theater ventures was a stage version of Sinclair Lewis’s novel “It Can’t Happen Here ,” in which a fascist is elected president of the United States. It opened on the same day, Oct. 27, 1936, in 18 cities across the country, and by the time it closed, more than 379,000 Americans had seen it. The cost of these thousand or so productions to taxpayers was roughly the price of building a single battleship.

The program’s popularity contributed to its undoing. Many of those in Congress who had voted to fund the Federal Theater became frightened by its reach and impact, its interracial casting, its challenge to the status quo — frightened, too, perhaps, by the prospect of Americans across racial, economic and political divides sitting cheek by jowl in packed playhouses.

Three years after the creation of the Federal Theater, Congress authorized the establishment of what would become the House Un-American Activities Committee, chaired by Martin Dies of Texas. It was to supposed to spend seven months investigating the rise of Nazism, fascism and communism in America and submit a report. The ambitious Mr. Dies, desperate to have his committee’s life extended, instead focused much of his attention on a more vulnerable target: the Federal Theater, accusing it of disseminating offensive and communistic and therefore un-American values. In the course of waging and winning this battle, he assembled a right-wing playbook so pervasive that it now seems timeless. He succeeded wildly: All Federal Theater productions were abruptly terminated in 1939, and the House Un-American Activities Committee lasted until 1975. With a nascent national theater now destroyed, targeting theater in schools was the inevitable next step for his successors, who — whether cynical politicians or school board members eager to police what offends their sensibilities — have all stolen a page from the Dies playbook.

It’s hard to imagine what America would be like today had support for the Federal Theater continued and Mr. Dies’s committee not been renewed. Counterfactual history is best left to novelists. But a more vibrant theatrical culture extending across the land might well have led to a more informed citizenry and, by extension, a less divided and more equitable and resilient democracy. What happened instead was that Mr. Dies begat Joseph McCarthy, who begat Roy Cohn, who begat Donald Trump.

Some of those familiar with this history haven’t given up. Right now, artists are preparing projects that on July 27 will open simultaneously in 18 U.S. cities and towns, much as “It Can’t Happen Here” did in 1936 . Under the rubric of Arts for EveryBody, the initiative is bringing together performers, audiences, community leaders and local officials. It is a small start and a promising one. So, too, is legislation coming before Congress, the STAGE Act of 2024, that would provide badly needed support for endangered nonprofit theaters across the land. Passing it should be a no-brainer, but there’s a likelihood that the Dies playbook will be used to defeat it. Until those in power in this country pivot from suppressing theater to investing in it, it’s not just the arts but also democracy itself that remains vulnerable.

James Shapiro teaches English at Columbia University and is the author of the forthcoming “ The Playbook: A Story of Theater, Democracy, and the Making of a Culture War .”

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Friday essay: Project 2025, the policy substance behind Trump’s showmanship, reveals a radical plan to reshape the world

In April 2022, conservative American think tank the Heritage Foundation, working with a broad coalition of 50 conservative organisations, launched Project 2025: a plan for the next conservative president of the United States.

The Project’s flagship publication, Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise, outlines in plain language and in granular detail, over 900-plus pages, what a second Trump administration (if it occurs) might look like. I’ve read it all, so you don’t have to.

The Mandate’s veneer of exhausting technocratic detail, focused mostly on the federal bureaucracy, sits easily alongside a Trumpian...

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