Create a research paper cover in minutes.

Make your own unique cover sheet in minutes with editable templates.

thesis cover page design

Template IDs

(To pull in manually curated templates if needed)

Orientation

(Horizontal/Vertical)

( Full, Std, sixcols )

(number of templates to load each pagination. Min. 5)

Most Viewed

Rare & Original

Newest to Oldest

Oldest to Newest

(true, false, all) true or false will limit to premium only or free only.

Discover more categories in the app.

Student Business Cards

Class Schedules

Presentations

Infographics

Make a research paper cover sheet with Adobe Express.

Wow your professors and keep your research paper or thesis looking sharp with a fully customizable research cover page. Choose from thousands of professional-looking, editable templates to start with, then click and drag your favorite fonts, icons, and images to make it your own. When you’re finished, download and share it electronically or print it out.

How to make a research paper cover.

thesis cover page design

Impress your professors and classmates.

Whether you’re creating a research paper cover sheet or searching for some inspiration to draft up a master's thesis defense presentation, we’ve got you covered with thousands of customizable templates. Drag and drop your favorite icons and graphics or get recommended fonts and color palettes curated just for your design. Discover how fast it is to create impressive cover sheets and presentations with Adobe Express.

thesis cover page design

Let Adobe Express be your go-to app for cover pages.

The cover page is the first step in letting your readers know what your research is about and who wrote it. Adobe Express lets you make a great first impression on professors, teachers, and peers with easy-to-use editing tools and the ability to simultaneously produce print and electronic versions of your work. You can print out your full-color page in any size or download it as a PDF, JPEG, or PNG.

Frequently asked questions.

Looking for adobe express for education.

For Teachers Use Adobe Express in your classroom

Use Adobe Express in your classroom.

FOR TEACHER

  • Set up an Adobe Express classroom account.
  • Create and manage classrooms.
  • Securely invite students with a class code.

Available for teachers in the US who have a Google Workspace for Education (Google) account and supported domains. Need help? View the Getting Started Guide

Get started now

For administrators Deploy Adobe Express for schools and school districts

Deploy Adobe Express for schools and school districts.

FOR ADMINISTRATORS

  • Enable school or district-wide access for licensed users.
  • Set up through the Adobe Admin Console.
  • Manage users and groups.

Available for licensed educational institutions and nonprofit educational organizations. Call for more info. Questions? View the Deployment Guide.

Call for more info. United States: US schools request access | United Kingdom: UK schools request access Australia: 18-0091-0584 | Japan: Japan schools request access

thesis cover page design

Are you a student interested in Adobe Express?

FOR STUDENTS

  • Design stunning presentations, images, and animations.
  • Create attention-grabbing web pages.
  • Make captivating videos.

Adobe Express offers everything students need to make graphics, photos, presentations, web pages, and videos to express themselves inside and outside the classroom.

K-12 Students

Higher Education

Let’s grow together with professional learning.

thesis cover page design

Edit a front page for project

Free Cover Page templates

Create impressive cover pages for your assignments and projects online in just a click. choose from hundreds of free templates and customize them with edit.org..

Create impressive cover pages in a few minutes with Edit.org, and give your projects and assignments a professional and unique touch. A well-designed title page or project front page can positively impact your professor's opinion of your homework, which can improve your final grade!

work cover blue marketing

Create a personalized report cover page

After writing the whole report, dissertation, or paper, which is the hardest part, you should now create a cover page that suits the rest of the project. Part of the grade for your work depends on the first impression of the teacher who corrects it.

We know not everyone is a professional designer, and that's why Edit.org wants to help you. Having a professional title page can give the impression you've put a great deal of time and effort into your assignment, as well as the impression you take the subject very seriously. Thanks to Edit.org, everyone can become a professional designer. This way, you'll only have to worry about doing a great job on your assignment.

On the editor, you will also find free resume templates  and other educational and professional designs.

title paper red marketing template

Customize an essay cover page with Edit.org

  • Go to formats on the home page and choose Cover pages.
  • Choose the template that best suits the project.
  • You can add your images or change the template background color.
  • Add your report information and change the font type and colors if needed.
  • Save and download it. The cover page is ready to make your work shine!

final proyect cover

Free editable templates for title pages

As you can see, it's simple to create cover pages for schoolwork and it won’t take much time. We recommend using the same colors on the cover as the ones you used for your essay titles to create a cohesive design. It’s also crucial to add the name and logo of the institution for which you are doing the essay. A visually attractive project is likely to be graded very well, so taking care of the small details will make your work look professional.

On Edit.org, you can also reuse all your designs and adapt them to different projects. Thanks to the users' internal memory, you can access and edit old templates anytime and anywhere.

best cover template pink

Take a look at other options we propose on the site. Edit.org helps design flyers, business cards, and other designs useful in the workplace. The platform was created so you don't need to have previous design knowledge to achieve a spectacular cover page! Start your cover page design now.

Create online Cover Pages for printing

You can enter our free graphic editor from your phone, tablet or computer. The process is 100% online, fun and intuitive. Just click on what you want to modify. Customize your cover page quickly and easily. You don't need any design skills. No Photoshop skills. Just choose a template from this article or from the final waterfall and customize it to your liking. Writing first and last names, numbers, additional information or texts will be as easy as writing in a Word document.

Free templates for assignment cover page design

Edit a front page for project

Tumblr Banners

create Album covers online

Album Covers

Design book covers online

Book & eBook Covers

edit linkedin banners

Linkedin Covers

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, automatically generate references for free.

  • Knowledge Base
  • Dissertation

Dissertation title page

Published on 30 May 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on 18 October 2022.

The title page (or cover page) of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper should contain all the key information about your document. It usually includes:

  • Dissertation or thesis title
  • The type of document (e.g., dissertation, research paper )
  • The department and institution
  • The degree program (e.g., Master of Arts)
  • The date of submission

It sometimes also includes your student number, your supervisor’s name, and your university’s logo.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Be assured that you'll submit flawless writing. Upload your document to correct all your mistakes.

upload-your-document-ai-proofreader

Table of contents

Title page format, title page templates, title page example, frequently asked questions about title pages.

Your department will usually tell you exactly what should be included on your title page and how it should be formatted. Be sure to check whether there are specific guidelines for margins, spacing, and font size.

Title pages for APA and MLA Style

The format of your title page can also depend on the citation style you’re using. There may be guidelines in regards to alignment, page numbering, and mandatory elements.

  • MLA guidelines for formatting the title page
  • APA guidelines for formatting the title page

The only proofreading tool specialized in correcting academic writing

The academic proofreading tool has been trained on 1000s of academic texts and by native English editors. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students.

thesis cover page design

Correct my document today

We’ve created a few templates to help you design the title page for your thesis, dissertation, or research paper. You can download them in the format of your choice by clicking on the corresponding button.

Research paper Google doc

Dissertation Google doc

Thesis Google doc

A typical example of a thesis title page looks like this:

Thesis title Page

The title page of your thesis or dissertation should include your name, department, institution, degree program, and submission date.

The title page of your thesis or dissertation goes first, before all other content or lists that you may choose to include.

Usually, no title page is needed in an MLA paper . A header is generally included at the top of the first page instead. The exceptions are when:

  • Your instructor requires one, or
  • Your paper is a group project

In those cases, you should use a title page instead of a header, listing the same information but on a separate page.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

McCombes, S. (2022, October 18). Dissertation title page. Scribbr. Retrieved 22 April 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/title-page/

Is this article helpful?

Shona McCombes

Shona McCombes

Other students also liked, thesis & dissertation acknowledgements | tips & examples, dissertation table of contents in word | instructions & examples, research paper appendix | example & templates.

Logo

Ready for your thesis cover design?

After years of hard work it’s time for your thesis cover design. I’d love to help you with it! Together we’ll make a personal and beautiful design. Are you interested? Please contact me!

Thesis cover illustration with invitations for PhD defense

Your thesis design, your story

your PhD is a scientific achievement as well as a personal journey. It contains not only science, but also a big part of your spare time and life. If someone takes up your thesis, we want to make that person curious with the thesis design. Curious to open up your book and read more. But also, what I really like, is that your thesis design reflects you as a person. That can be very subtle in color choice and style or only visible to those who really know you. In this way we’ll get something unique. Every person is different, every taste is different and every subject is different. Combining these gives a new thesis design every time again.

What can I do for you?

Almost everything, except the text itself :-). Think about:

Invitations

Backgrounds of your powerpoint slides

The layout of the inside

On the basis of your thesis cover I always come up with extra ideas that add something to your design. For inspiration have a look at my lay-out page!

Unfortunately I don’t do designs for bachelor or master theses as well as designs for those who do their PhD at a university outside the Netherlands. I want to be fully updated about all the regulations regarding your cover and I want to know the printer we are cooperating with well. So I’m sure we will deliver a beautiful book. If you are working/living abroad, but your defense is still in the Netherlands of course that’s not a problem at all.

What does a thesis cover design cost?

The total cost depends on your wishes and things as the number of pages if you want us to do the layout. I’ll be happy to talk to you on the phone and hear what you wish for your thesis design. Of course, that’s for free.

No inspiration? I’ll help you!

Don’t worry if you don’t have any idea for your thesis design. You borrow my brain, which is always full of ideas. I ask you the right questions, so I know who you are and what your thesis is about. Based on that my brain starts to work and an idea will pop up that suits you and your subject. No preparation needed 🙂

Positive energy!

The design of your thesis cover is a great proces. You’ll see it will give you new energy. We’ll talk about who you are, what you want to radiate and we explore your taste. You’ll get a new, creative view on your thesis and you can picture the end result: a real book. You’ll have written a real book! There are only a few people who can say that.

Is there still space?

I want to maintain my personal way of working and high quality designs. Therefore I only have a few spaces each month. Please contact me at least four months before your defense. 

Would you like to see more of my designs?

Then as a final note: you can see I posted several designs on my website to give you an idea of what I have done before. However, this is just a small selection. If you’d like to see more please visit my Pinterest page . I try to keep the Pinterest page updated as well as possible so you can see all my designs.

Thesis design

How does it work?

Intake conversation for your thesis design.

During our first conversation (on the phone) I’ll ask you about the subject of your PhD and I try to get to know you a little bit. I’d like to know who you are so I can make a design that suits your subject as well as you as a person. The first conversation takes about an hour. Then I’ll ask you to send me some pictures of things that appeal to you. We’ll talk about them during our second conversation (also on the phone). The second talk is to give me an idea of your taste and will take about half an hour.

Concept phase

After our two conversations I design a concept thesis cover. The concept is just about the idea for the cover. It consists of a sketch and a color palette. As soon as you agree to the idea I will execute the design.

Design phase

I make the whole design for your thesis cover and I send it to you as a PDF file.

Correction round

We can adapt the thesis one more time. This round is meant for small changes. We can finetune the last things.

Print ready file of your thesis design

You’ll get your files as a pdf with the right print marks for the printer. This you can forward to the printer of your thesis. From the printer you will get a print proof of your thesis. It’s usually the best to ask for a paper print proof. On paper you always see different things then on a screen. At most printers, the paper print proof is included in the price.

A memory to hang on your wall

All my designs start with a handmade sketch. What happens next is usually partly or complete handwork depending on what I think will suit you best. I love handwork, since I feel it still has the most authentic feel to it. Very often my designs are therefore completely handmade. The only thing I do on the computer is to add the title. This means that there is an original painting. The painting stays with me to start with, but if you are interested it’s possible to buy it from me . In that way you have a nice memory to put on your wall. If I executed your design partly or completely on the computer, we can have it printed in a bigger size via a specialized printer .

Sketching for thesis design

I see you have a medical background. My thesis is about a completely different subject. Can you still help me?

Sure, I can. I’m very interested in a broad range of sciences. I really enjoy learning from all the different PhD students and subjects I work with. I’d love to help you!

I do see designs on your website that I like, but ‘my’ design is not there, is that a problem?

Because my way of working is very personal, every design is made for a specific person with their specific subject. You are unique and even more unique combined with your subject. Therefore you won’t find an already existing thesis that completely satisfies your needs. It’s simply not there yet.  In case you’d like to have a style that you don’t see on my website you can always talk to me about that. I’m open for every new idea. If I think I won’t be able to do what you want, I’ll honestly tell you. 

I love my thesis design so much, I would like to use it for my business card. Is that allowed?

The design is made only for the thesis cover. If you want to use it for something else we’ll have to make a new price deal. 

Can you also print my thesis?

I’m a designer and not a printer. You need to print your thesis at a professional printer. I’ll make sure the design is completely ready for print. I know all the big thesis printers in the Netherlands and they know me, so I can cooperate with any of them. A printer that I can very much recommend is Ridderprint . I think they deliver very good quality for a good price. They are also very communicative. A good quality print is very important for you and for me too, since your design is your and also my business card.

Thesis cover design

Thesis gallery

Please take your time to have a look at my thesis gallery. Because it’s impossible to show everything on the website, every now and then I move some designs to my Pinterest page . I try to keep that up to date as well as I can, so you can see everything.

PhD cover design

Thesis cover

Thesis cover illustration

Thesis cover illustration

Thesis jacket design

Thesis cover design

Book cover PhD illustration

Did I make you curious? Let me help you!

Want to Get your Dissertation Accepted?

Discover how we've helped doctoral students complete their dissertations and advance their academic careers!

thesis cover page design

Join 200+ Graduated Students

textbook-icon

Get Your Dissertation Accepted On Your Next Submission

Get customized coaching for:.

  • Crafting your proposal,
  • Collecting and analyzing your data, or
  • Preparing your defense.

Trapped in dissertation revisions?

Sample dissertation cover page + how to, published by steve tippins on may 26, 2020 may 26, 2020.

Last Updated on: 2nd February 2024, 05:43 am

If you’re wondering about making your dissertation cover page, chances are you’re nearing the final stretch of your doctoral journey. Congratulations!

Luckily, making your title page is one of the simplest tasks you’ll have to complete. Generally speaking, there’s a template your institution will use and you just have to fill in your information.

Making a Dissertation Cover Page Is Simple (Keep it That Way)

The inner artist in you might want to make your dissertation cover page beautiful: printed in color, maybe with pictures, or with an interesting font or design. However, you’re going to be limited by your university. 

Pretty much every university that I’ve come across has a template and guidelines that you must follow for your dissertation cover page. You may just be filling in things like your title, name, your university’s name, maybe your committee members’ names, and not much more. You won’t have much (if any) creative license.

The advantage of this is, by the time you get to that stage, you may be tired of writing and it will be easier to follow directions than to come up with something creative. Your dissertation cover page doesn’t need to be a work of art. It just needs to convey what the dissertation is about.

close up shot of a woman working on her laptop

Dissertation Cover Page: The Title

The aspect of your dissertation cover page that you have the most control over is the title . It’s also the most important to get right. 

The main thing to remember is, keep the title simple . It should simply tell a person what they’re going to read in the document. Don’t try to intrigue people or be too clever, just tell them directly. Having a straightforward title helps your committee approve your dissertation more quickly.

Over 50% of doctoral candidates don’t finish their dissertations.

thesis cover page design

Your title should include relevant information that gives the reader a complete picture of what your study was about. Generally speaking, you’ll want to cover a few specific areas.

Quantitative Title Requirements

  • Type of relationship between variables.
  • Key variables (independent and dependent).
  • Population.

Qualitative Title Requirements

  • Central conceptual issue investigated.
  • Qualitative tradition applied.
  • Participant group.

See this article for a more in-depth discussion of choosing your dissertation’s title .

Sample Dissertation Cover Page

Your dissertation cover page should look something like this:

Sample Dissertation Cover Page

While each university has slightly different requirements, generally speaking, a dissertation cover page looks something like this, above. The required sections are as follows:

A Dissertation

Submitted to XXXXX University

Graduate Faculty of the School of XXXXXXXX

in Partial Fulfillment of the 

Requirements for the Degree of 

DOCTOR OF XXXXXXXXXX

City, State (of the university)

Final Thoughts

While your dissertation title page doesn’t have to be fancy, it’s important that it aligns with your university’s requirements. Take a look at their rubric and, if needed, look at completed dissertations’ title pages as well. If all else fails, ask your mentor for help.

Once you’ve finished this, pat yourself on the back. You’re almost done!

PS. Need support getting through the final stages of your dissertation, or moving into the world of your career? As a dissertation coach and career coach , I’ve helped countless students achieve their dreams. Let’s achieve yours. Book a free 30-minute consultation today.

Steve Tippins

Steve Tippins, PhD, has thrived in academia for over thirty years. He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates as well as students writing their dissertations. Learn more about his dissertation coaching and career coaching services. Book a Free Consultation with Steve Tippins

Related Posts

grad student studying in the library

Dissertation

What makes a good research question.

Creating a good research question is vital to successfully completing your dissertation. Here are some tips that will help you formulate a good research question.  What Makes a Good Research Question? These are the three Read more…

concentrated grad student taking dissertation notes

Dissertation Structure

When it comes to writing a dissertation, one of the most fraught questions asked by graduate students is about dissertation structure. A dissertation is the lengthiest writing project that many graduate students ever undertake, and Read more…

professor consulting students in his office

Choosing a Dissertation Chair

Choosing your dissertation chair is one of the most important decisions that you’ll make in graduate school. Your dissertation chair will in many ways shape your experience as you undergo the most rigorous intellectual challenge Read more…

Make This Your Last Round of Dissertation Revision.

Learn How to Get Your Dissertation Accepted .

Discover the 5-Step Process in this Free Webinar .

Almost there!

Please verify your email address by clicking the link in the email message we just sent to your address.

If you don't see the message within the next five minutes, be sure to check your spam folder :).

Hack Your Dissertation

5-Day Mini Course: How to Finish Faster With Less Stress

Interested in more helpful tips about improving your dissertation experience? Join our 5-day mini course by email!

thesis cover page design

Community Blog

Keep up-to-date on postgraduate related issues with our quick reads written by students, postdocs, professors and industry leaders.

The Dissertation Title Page

DiscoverPhDs

  • By DiscoverPhDs
  • August 12, 2020

Dissertation Title Page

The title page of your dissertation or thesis conveys all the essential details about your project, including:

  • The title of your project
  • Your full name (including student number if required)
  • Clarification of whether this is a dissertation or thesis document
  • The name of your academic department
  • The name of your university
  • The degree name that the dissertation or thesis has been written for (e.g. Doctor of Philosophy)
  • The date (month and year) that you will submit the document
  • The name of your supervisor(s)

This page can also be referred to as the dissertation cover page when your degree program is at the undergraduate or Masters level.

Format of the Title Page

Your university will provide you with the exact formatting requirements of your dissertation title page. This will include how to present the above information but also the font size to use, line spacing and the size of margins. For example, a graduate school may require the title to be in all caps, all text to be double-spaced and margins on the binding side to be 4cm. Don’t include the page number and have all text centred. You may also need to include the university logo. The APA style is commonly referred to for guidance on how to format research documents. This guide from University College London on their requirements is also an interesting read.

Example of a Dissertation Title Page

The example below is what a dissertation title page would usually look like for a Masters degree project in the UK. You can use this as a template when writing your own title page. The format presented here is also applicable for a doctoral dissertation or thesis title page.

Dissertation cover page

The title page may be followed by an approval page, signed by the project chair and any other committee members. After this comes your abstract, presented on a separate page and then your table of contents. Some institutions may also require a copyright page to be included. Whilst the title page doesn’t have a page number, pages after this may use Roman numerals with the traditional page number format starting after your table of contents.

The term partial fulfillment means that this research document was one of several requirements for you to obtain your degree. For a Master’s degree, the other requirements will typically include exams and coursework.

Follow the advice in this guide to ensure your title page is in the correct format before final submission of your research project. This will be a normal part of undergraduate and graduate study.

Dissertation Title Page

The title page of your dissertation or thesis conveys all the essential details about your project. This guide helps you format it in the correct way.

What is Scientific Misconduct?

Scientific misconduct can be described as a deviation from the accepted standards of scientific research, study and publication ethics.

Rationale for Research

The term rationale of research means the reason for performing the research study in question.

Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.

thesis cover page design

Browse PhDs Now

thesis cover page design

Learn 10 ways to impress a PhD supervisor for increasing your chances of securing a project, developing a great working relationship and more.

Ryan Javanshir Profile

Ryan is in the final write up stages of his PhD at the University of Southampton. His research is on understanding narrative structure, media specificity and genre in transmedia storytelling.

Chloe-Casey-Profile

Chloe is a 2nd year PhD student at Bournemouth University, researching the mental health of postgraduate researchers and is designing interventions that may improve their wellbeing.

Join Thousands of Students

  • Skip to main content

Gildeprint

Designing a cover for your thesis

10 February 2021 by ellen

The cover of your thesis is the first thing the reader sees. It gives a positive first impression. Or not… It is important to think carefully about the look and feel of your cover. Choose an image or text that provides a good first impression. Make the cover count! But how do you make a great cover for your thesis?

If you have no experience or knowledge of designing a cover, it can be very difficult to design one. In this blog you will find tips for the layout of the cover of your thesis. Among other information, we provide tips on the following subjects:

  • Cover of the thesis;
  • Fonts and sizes;
  • Software to use.

Planning to print your PhD thesis and would you like to receive more information about it? Download our information booklet for free. Request the information book

On the cover of a thesis you usually will find the title, the subtitle and the name of the author. The title and name of the author usually also appear on the spine of a thesis. You can also choose to place a small introduction of the subject on the back of the cover. On the back you can add a logo and/or an image as well. The possibilities for your cover are endless. You can combine all sorts of elements. Just make it into something that fits you and your subject.

Thesis cover

As said before: the cover of the thesis provides an important first impression. You can decide to keep it modest but you can also stand out and make it something special. It depends on the impression you want to create. The cover always contains the title of your thesis. In addition, you can add image(s) to attract attention. Can’t find a suitable image? Then use an image that’s made by a designer according to your wishes or use your own photos. Another option is to download a stockphoto from the internet. A royalty-free photo that you download for free or one you have to pay for.

Some websites that offer royalty-free (stockphotos) are: – Unsplash – Pexels – Pixabay

Tumor Immunology in Ovarian Cancer

Fonts and sizes

When choosing a font, it is important that is legible. Nowadays the use of fonts without serifs is popular. These fonts are easier to read for the brain. This also applies to the size of tehe font.

It is possible to choose a large font when you write a thesis for visually impaired people. But otherwise the most common font size is 10pt for the base text in a book or for the text on the back of the book.

There are no usual rules for the size of the title. Feel free to rely on your gut ?! Make sure that you take into account the image on the cover when you consider the title. As it must still be clearly visible.

Software to work with

One of the most used programs to process text is Word. You probably use this program a lot yourself. The disadvantage of this program is that the text sometimes shifts by itself. To prevent this, you can use the layout program InDesign.

InDesign is a professional layout program that is often used by graphic designers or professionals in the graphic industry. This program is very visual due to the extensive functionalities. But in the beginning it is not very easy to use this program.

When you are going to design the cover yourself, you have to take the spine thickness into account. You  need to calculate the thickness of the spine. By entering the number of pages, paper type and binding methoud, our spine thickness calculator calculates the spine thickness for you. You can find the calculator on the page about thesis layout.

Need help designing your cover?

We are happy to help you out! We can do this in several ways:

1. You create the cover of your thesis yourself.

In this case, you have to take several specifications and margins into account. These are described in our information booklet. Do you still have questions after reading the book? Feel free to contact us and we will discuss it together.

2. Gildeprint takes care of the layout of the cover.

In this case, you provide us with an image for the cover. You inform us about the further additions to the cover and we will get to work for you. According to your wishes we provide a cover.

3. We start a creative design process for a stunning cover.

If you have a special wish and want your cover to be a real eye-catcher, we will start a creative process. We will connect you with one of our experienced designers who will shape your wishes into a fantastic cover.

See more here.

Our common goal is a dissertation to be proud of! Would you like to know more about the possibilities we offer? Feel free to contact us or request a quote without obligation.

Grad Coach (R)

What’s Included: The Dissertation Template

If you’re preparing to write your dissertation, thesis or research project, our free dissertation template is the perfect starting point. In the template, we cover every section step by step, with clear, straightforward explanations and examples .

The template’s structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for formal academic research projects such as dissertations and theses. The template structure reflects the overall research process, ensuring your dissertation or thesis will have a smooth, logical flow from chapter to chapter.

The dissertation template covers the following core sections:

  • The title page/cover page
  • Abstract (sometimes also called the executive summary)
  • Table of contents
  • List of figures /list of tables
  • Chapter 1: Introduction  (also available: in-depth introduction template )
  • Chapter 2: Literature review  (also available: in-depth LR template )
  • Chapter 3: Methodology (also available: in-depth methodology template )
  • Chapter 4: Research findings /results (also available: results template )
  • Chapter 5: Discussion /analysis of findings (also available: discussion template )
  • Chapter 6: Conclusion (also available: in-depth conclusion template )
  • Reference list

Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements that you need to cover within each section. We’ve also included practical examples to help you understand exactly what’s required in each section.

The cleanly-formatted Google Doc can be downloaded as a fully editable MS Word Document (DOCX format), so you can use it as-is or convert it to LaTeX.

FAQs: Dissertation Template

What format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.).

The dissertation template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.

What types of dissertations/theses can this template be used for?

The template follows the standard best-practice structure for formal academic research projects such as dissertations or theses, so it is suitable for the vast majority of degrees, particularly those within the sciences.

Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.

Will this work for a research paper?

A research paper follows a similar format, but there are a few differences. You can find our research paper template here .

Is this template for an undergrad, Masters or PhD-level thesis?

This template can be used for a dissertation, thesis or research project at any level of study. It may be slight overkill for an undergraduate-level study, but it certainly won’t be missing anything.

How long should my dissertation/thesis be?

This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. As a general ballpark, Masters-level projects are usually 15,000 – 20,000 words in length, while Doctoral-level projects are often in excess of 60,000 words.

What about the research proposal?

If you’re still working on your research proposal, we’ve got a template for that here .

We’ve also got loads of proposal-related guides and videos over on the Grad Coach blog .

How do I write a literature review?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack how to write a literature review from scratch. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here.

How do I create a research methodology?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. You can check out the methodology section of the blog here.

Can I share this dissertation template with my friends/colleagues?

Yes, you’re welcome to share this template. If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.

Can Grad Coach help me with my dissertation/thesis?

Within the template, you’ll find plain-language explanations of each section, which should give you a fair amount of guidance. However, you’re also welcome to consider our dissertation and thesis coaching services .

Free Webinar: Literature Review 101

schlaugemacht

PhD thesis chapter pages – how to pick the right design

Chapter pages (aka chapter start pages) in your PhD thesis are the double page at the beginning of each new chapter – obvious, right? These pages allow you to be creative. Hence, you should make the most of them! You can do that by reflecting the cover design on them. Or you can go a step further and tell the story of that chapter in one image. Here, I will give you a few examples chapter start page designs. Hopefully, you will be able to get inspired!

Telling the story of your thesis on the chapter pages

Let’s start with a cover design that reflects the content of a thesis. This one is an inexpensive version of a real cover I made for someone:

PhD thesis cover

This PhD thesis dealt with the interactions of the soil microbiome. Especially in regards to the influence on plant growth. Now, let’s have a look at possible chapter page designs for this PhD thesis.

The first chapter is always the introduction, which deals with the entire story of the thesis. Here, you could render a subdued version of the cover design, like so:

thesis cover page design

The second chapter of our hypothetical PhD thesis is a review about the species making up the soil microbiome. Hence, you could highlight the soil and the images of those species on the start page of chapter 2. A good way to do this is to keep them in color while putting everything else in shades of grey.

thesis cover page design

As the thesis goes on, the chapters deal with sequencing the microbiome and uncovering interactions between the species and abiotic factors. Therefore, you could keep up the principle of rendering the subject of the chapter in color while greying out everything else.

PhD thesis chapter start pages

Chapter 6 is the discussion that ties the entire thesis together. Hence, it is in full color. If you have a limited budget , you can also show the relevant parts in black or dark gray while you leave the irrelevant parts for the given chapter in light gray. That way, you have twelve fewer colored pages in your printed thesis.

Using a philosophical principle rather than concrete images on the chapter start pages

This is another cheaper version of a thesis cover design I made (this time showing front and back cover):

thesis cover page design

The client wanted the impossible cube conceived by M.C. Escher on her thesis to illustrate how baffling and sometimes outright “impossible” it was to do a PhD.

For each chapter start page, we took one iteration of the cube. The Introduction is the foundation of the thesis, hence we show the foundation of the cube:

thesis cover page design

As the thesis progresses and the scientific story becomes more complete, the cube gets built up bit by bit. So far, so good. BUT then comes the impossible bit. Often, you will work on your project and everything seems fine and makes sense. However, a few years in you suddenly get results that don’t seem to corroborate the hypothesis that you have so painstakingly developed. Your story, and the cube, stop making sense.

examples of PhD thesis chapter page desings

Well, for better or worse, you have to tie your thesis up in the discussion, making sense of the data that doesn’t quite seem to fit. That’s were we put a lid on the impossible cube.

This principle works just as well in black and white or grayscale, if you want to save some money .

Using photos on the chapter start pages of your PhD thesis

If you did a lot of field work, used a microscope or other imaging techniques, you may have a lot of interesting and/or pretty photos. There is no reason why you can’t use them on the chapter start pages of your PhD thesis!

Before we dive into the examples, here’s something really important: The images must be at least 176 x 246 mm for a single-page photo or 346 x 246 mm for a double-page photo. This includes bleed. AND they must be at least 300 dpi . This translates to a size in pixels of 2008 x 2835 for single-page photos and 4016 x 2835 for double-page photos.

If you have a smartphone with a very good camera, at least 12 MP, and good photo software, photos taken with your phone will be fine. However, smartphones with a really good camera and the accompanying software are usually high-end and cost around 1000 Euros. If you have a simple phone, the image quality might not cut it, even if you have enough megapixels.

In the latter case, you will need a DSLM or DSLR camera with a good lens to take beautiful photos. If you go to a foreign country to do field work, you might want a good camera to capture your adventures anyway. So, why not use those photos on the chapter pages of your PhD thesis?

Chapter start pages with field work photos

Let’s start with a field work example. Say you went to Peru to study the agricultural importance of the cape gooseberry ( Physalis peruviana ). The following are examples of how you could use photos on your chapter start pages (I show all double pages here).

examples for PhD thesis chapter start pages

You can see that this time, I put the chapter numbers on the left-hand page and omitted the word “Chapter”. The color of the circle that contains the chapter number is the same as the color of the lower right corner of the double page. this ties the entire double page neatly together.

Chapter start pages with pretty data

If your PhD involved a lot of bioinformatics and data visualization, you can use the aesthetically pleasing parts of some of your diagrams on your chapter start pages, like so:

thesis cover page design

Both photographs and diagrams may also work as grayscale images, depending on the amount of contrast in the photos and the types of diagrams you are using.

Need help designing your thesis? Contact me and I’ll help you!

Bedrijvsgegevens | About

Privacyverklaring | Privacy Policy

GreenThesis

Free Templates

For your green thesis, the ease of word, 1. interior layout.

We believe sustainable design and printing should become the new standard. That is why we do everything in our power to make this possible. GreenThesis offers you a free Word template for your thesis layout, when you let us design your cover. With this template, you can easily create a sleek and minimalist layout yourself without spending capital. If you still need help, we can provide it at a reasonable rate.

PhD Thesis Felix Fennemann © Elma Hogeboom 2021 for GreenThesis.nl

Indesign TEmplate

2. effortless cover .

We are happy to help you design a sustainable and/or vegan cover for your thesis. All our designs are made with the environment in mind. From a hand-painted design to a photo collage with digitally painted details, everything is possible. Feel free to contact  us to discuss the possibilities.

If you would like to make the cover file yourself, you can do so using the  free PhD thesis cover template  for Indesign. You then only have to change the spine thickness based on the number of pages in your thesis.

Save a tree, read it digitally

3. qr-postcards.

As a PhD student, you probably have a dozen or more PhD theses from former colleagues on your bookshelves that you’ve never read. As an eco-conscious company, we’d like to save all this needless paper and material. That’s why we also print QR postcards that can double as an invitation. People can simply scan the QR link and end up at your personal webpage on the GreenThesis site. Here, they will find a digital version of your thesis and all other necessary information regarding your defence. To design your QR-postcard yourself, simply use this  free QR-postcard Indesign template . Of course, if you don’t have the time or an Indesign license, we’d be happy to help you with the design.

PhD Thesis Joyce Mulder © Elma Hogeboom 2021

GreenThesis.nl uses cookies

Privacy overview.

Home / Guides / Writing Guides / Parts of a Paper / How to Write an Essay Cover Page

How to Write an Essay Cover Page

What you include in your cover page depends slightly on which citation style you are using, but the rules are generally the same.

Guide Overview

  • APA cover pages
  • MLA cover pages

For APA cover pages:

Include the title of the paper, running head, the author’s name, institutional affiliation, and an author’s note.

Here is an example of a cover page in APA:

APA Cover Page

For MLA cover pages:

Cover pages are not as frequently used in MLA format, as the inclusion of headers is preferred.

A header looks like this:

Header in MLA

Cover pages can include the name of your school, your paper title, your name, your course name, your teacher or professor’s name, and the due date of the paper. If you are unsure of what to include, check with your instructor.

Here is an example of a cover page in MLA format:

Cover page in MLA

For more help making cover or title pages, visit our title page generator   here.

EasyBib Writing Resources

Writing a paper.

  • Academic Essay
  • Argumentative Essay
  • College Admissions Essay
  • Expository Essay
  • Persuasive Essay
  • Research Paper
  • Thesis Statement
  • Writing a Conclusion
  • Writing an Introduction
  • Writing an Outline
  • Writing a Summary

EasyBib Plus Features

  • Citation Generator
  • Essay Checker
  • Expert Check Proofreader
  • Grammar Checker
  • Paraphrasing Tools

Plagiarism Checker

  • Spell Checker

How useful was this post?

Click on a star to rate it!

We are sorry that this post was not useful for you!

Let us improve this post!

Tell us how we can improve this post?

Grammar and Plagiarism Checkers

Grammar Basics

Plagiarism Basics

Writing Basics

Upload a paper to check for plagiarism against billions of sources and get advanced writing suggestions for clarity and style.

Get Started

because LaTeX matters

Template for latex phd thesis title page.

Often universities provide official LaTeX templates for PhD theses. If your university doesn’t, here is a template. The template includes the most common elements of a thesis title page:

  • University’s or institute’s logo
  • Thesis title
  • Author’s name
  • Degree the thesis is submitted for
  • Submission date

latex_thesis_title_page

A few remarks

The template may have to be adapted, as it most likely won’t fulfil your university’s or institute’s official thesis guidelines.

If the official guidelines do not explicitly state it, do not use more than two different font sizes. In the template, I used the same font size throughout the title page ( \Large ).

To center content of the title page and still use twoside -margins for the thesis, use the geometry package :

Share this:

22 comments.

' src=

13. May 2014 at 19:21

Tom, do you know how I can make the page numbers in an index to be hyperlinks please? I haven’t found any way of doing it online.

' src=

14. May 2014 at 7:35

Just use the linktoc=all option when you load the hyperref package .

14. May 2014 at 11:07

I’ve tried it but it didn’t work, FYI this is the relevant part of my file header –

There is no change at all in the index page, unfortunately! 🙁

14. May 2014 at 11:18

You load the hyperref package twice with different options. Use this instead:

Also, hyperref has to be the last package loaded ( exceptions ).

Finally, always typeset twice for changes to appear in the TOC.

14. May 2014 at 11:22

sorted by using

14. May 2014 at 11:26

Great to hear, thanks!

' src=

19. May 2014 at 9:44

Hello Tom, I like how your template looks so clean and simple. Do you think it is wise to use the “titlepage” environment for a title? It is used in the Wikibook about LaTeX ( https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Title_Creation ).

19. May 2014 at 10:28

Thanks for the positive feedback! Personally, I’ve never used the titlepage environment, \maketitle has done the job so far. You may want to take a look at the discussion on the topic here to decide what’s your best choice…

' src=

3. September 2014 at 9:55

I have really liked the templete. Can you please tell me where should I put the logo if I also want to mention the name of the university in the title page?

5. September 2014 at 2:59

Personally, I’d place the university name right before the year and keep the logo on top. There might be guidelines of your school defining the order.

' src=

11. September 2014 at 2:50

Hi Tom, Thanks for the template! It seems that newgeometry does not work with version 4 of the geometry package. Is there another possibility to get the twoside margins?

12. September 2014 at 4:25

Interesting question. You could either update your version of geometry, \newgeometry was introduced in version 5, or use the gmeometric package instead.

' src=

18. September 2014 at 15:49

Nice, simple, clean template. Thanks for sharing. Unfortunately, when I use this, it adds page numbers (which I do not want) and also includes a blank first page.

I have to use this as my preamble.

If I do not comment out the first line, it does no compile

How can I remove the page numbers and the blank first page.

20. September 2014 at 16:36

To switch pages number off, use:

' src=

5. February 2015 at 17:51

Hi Tom Is it possible to have two logos side by side on the cover page (joint phd and both univversities’ logos must appear). Any idea how I can implement this?

14. February 2015 at 5:50

Hi Michael,

Try the minipage environment as shown below. If this doesn’t work, please provide a minimal working example. Thanks, Tom.

' src=

11. May 2015 at 18:45

Thanks Tom for the Template

' src=

10. August 2015 at 17:54

If the titlepage has different margin settings, which is quite often the case, i tend to recommend to include the titlepage as a standalone document with includepdf from pdfpages. A titlepage doesn’t change every few minutes and is quite static. Clompetely avoiding the newgeometry stuff.

11. August 2015 at 12:15

Thanks for your comment. I agree, that’s a neat way of keeping the titlepage separated from the rest of the document. Best, Tom.

' src=

8. May 2016 at 9:23

Sir Please tell me how to write 4 to 5 authors in title page of a report?

10. May 2016 at 10:58

You can use the author macro as shown in the minimal working example below.

10. May 2016 at 18:14

Depending on how you want your complete author section output, there might be better ways. In some cases, it is even more painless to do the titlepage by hand.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

MS Word Cover Page Templates

Download, personalize & print, dissertation cover page samples.

Posted By: admin 07/09/2022

Educational institutes are set up to guide youth in the right direction of getting an education and being serious about making their career. Navigating one’s direction by following a passion is the most difficult job and has the power to make or break a man. These institutions follow different plans to check the ability of their students and test them through various methods. Many times, students are pressurised to provide the best result which helps them abundantly in the future.

Assignments, presentations, quiz are different methods of teaching students and making them learn new things. A dissertation, also known as a thesis, is a piece of writing which is generally composed of nearly 20 thousand words and is divided into different chapters. It is mostly comprised of 5 or more chapters where each chapter describes a state or reason of writing and continues towards the other chapters.

Process of research and methods…

A dissertation is a process of describing research and methods employed for finding results at the end of experiments. These results may have a positive or negative impact on the whole experiment which is then narrated in the form of a dissertation. It provides a detailed view of the experiments conducted, the material used, and the results obtained.

Title page…

A cover page is the topmost page of a document and provides details about the title and other related information. It is also termed a title page because of the presentation of the title and is considered the most important component of a document. The document can be any assignment, project, or dissertation which requires a title and author information on top. Dissertation cover pages are like general cover pages and cover essential topics.

Designs if dissertation cover page is kept simple because it is a formal document and is submitted in an official manner. Because of all these reasons, it is crucial to design an attractive cover page to impress the supervisor.

Useful templates…

Templates for cover pages are available on this website. There are free templates on this page to choose from and every other template is based on a new theme or design thus, making it easier to choose a template that complements the dissertation.

Designing a cover page manually with the help of tools provided in various applications is appreciated because of the efforts and the ability to use applications for different purposes. It requires a few steps to design a cover page once a theme has been selected. It puts a long-lasting effect on mentors and adds value to the dissertation.

The cover page requires the selection of a design which may be an abstract design or can also include pictures and images depending on the topic of the dissertation. It also requires the selection of font size and style along with a color scheme that complements the design and makes it easier to read text.

Lastly, the following information is added to the cover pages,

  • Title of dissertation
  • Name of authors
  • Qualification
  • Year of Research
  • Name of supervisor
  • Name of institute

10 best dissertation cover page template

Dissertation cover page template

Page size: 2 MB

Dissertation cover page template

Page size: 1 MB

Dissertation cover page template

  • Healthcare Policy/Procedure Manual Cover Pages
  • Economic Research Paper Cover Pages
  • Clinical Trial Report Cover Pages
  • Medical Articles Journal Cover Pages
  • Company Profile Cover Pages
  • Medical Case Study Cover Pages
  • Hospital Annual Report Cover Pages
  • Computer Assignment Page Designs
  • Medical Assignment Cover Pages
  • Economic Thesis/Dissertation Cover Pages
  • Political Research Paper Cover Pages
  • Computer Project Cover Pages
  • Medical Proposal Cover Pages
  • Medical Research Paper Cover Page Designs
  • Research Paper Cover Page Designs

IMAGES

  1. 10 Best Dissertation Cover Page Samples for 20XX

    thesis cover page design

  2. Thesis cover design

    thesis cover page design

  3. Sample Thesis Title Page

    thesis cover page design

  4. Bachelor Thesis Cover Page on Behance

    thesis cover page design

  5. Thesis cover design

    thesis cover page design

  6. University Thesis Cover Page

    thesis cover page design

VIDEO

  1. (كتابة الرسائل العلميه ١ )How to write thesis cover page ازاى تكتب غلاف رسالة الماجستير او الدكتوراه

  2. Creat Cover Pages in ms word

  3. How To Draw a Cover Page For Science Project

  4. research2091 How to insert page number for Thesis dissertation

  5. how to insert thesis Page Number እንዴት ነው የምንሰራው በአማርኛ የቀረበ

  6. Standard Cover Page of Any Thesis Paper

COMMENTS

  1. Thesis & Dissertation Title Page

    The title page (or cover page) of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper should contain all the key information about your document. It usually includes: Dissertation or thesis title. Your name. The type of document (e.g., dissertation, research paper) The department and institution. The degree program (e.g., Master of Arts)

  2. Free to edit and print research paper cover page templates

    If the cover page template for your research paper doesn't come with a featured visual, select "Elements" on the left-hand side of the editing deck, then type "Frames" in the search box. Drag and drop your frame of choice onto the layout, and arrange its size and position. Then, insert your image of choice in it.

  3. How to design a great thesis cover (Ultimate guide)

    1. Schedule the first call for phone or video. Schedule your first call to be phone or video. Email is very hard to effectively communicate with strangers, especially about abstract concepts like design. 2. Send them the covers and logos you liked before the call. Prior to the call, send them a cover design brief.

  4. Create a Research Paper Cover Sheet for Free

    Make a research paper cover sheet with Adobe Express. Wow your professors and keep your research paper or thesis looking sharp with a fully customizable research cover page. Choose from thousands of professional-looking, editable templates to start with, then click and drag your favorite fonts, icons, and images to make it your own.

  5. 10+ Free Cover Page Templates for Thesis and Dissertation

    Download Cover Pages in MS Word Format. We understand the importance of having a well-designed cover page for your thesis or dissertation project. That's why we have curated a collection of ten unique title page templates that cater to various academic disciplines. Scroll down to preview each design and click the "Download" button to save ...

  6. Design Cover Pages Online for Free

    Create online Cover Pages for printing. You can enter our free graphic editor from your phone, tablet or computer. The process is 100% online, fun and intuitive. Just click on what you want to modify. Customize your cover page quickly and easily. You don't need any design skills.

  7. Dissertation title page

    Revised on 18 October 2022. The title page (or cover page) of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper should contain all the key information about your document. It usually includes: Dissertation or thesis title. Your name. The type of document (e.g., dissertation, research paper) The department and institution.

  8. Thesis cover design

    Evelien Jagtman offers a unique and creative way to design your thesis cover based on your personal and scientific story. She works with you to create a concept, a sketch, a color palette and a layout that suits your subject and taste. She also provides extra ideas, handwork and a memory to hang on your wall.

  9. How to Format a Turabian/Chicago Style Title Page

    A title page is not mandatory; if you haven't been told to include one, you can just center your title at the top of the first page. These are the key guidelines for creating a title page in Turabian style: Title and subtitle appear ⅓ of the way down the page. Other information (e.g., your name, the date, class information) appears ⅔ down ...

  10. PDF Cover Page Manual

    The title should be the only section on the Cover Page that is double-spaced. All other sections on the Cover Page must be single-spaced. Cover Page should NOT be numbered. Page has 1" margins on all sides and text is centered. No headers or footers allowed in the margins. Do not divide words at the ends of lines.

  11. Sample Dissertation Cover Page + How To

    Sample Dissertation Title Page. While each university has slightly different requirements, generally speaking, a dissertation cover page looks something like this, above. The required sections are as follows: TITLE. A Dissertation. Submitted to XXXXX University. Graduate Faculty of the School of XXXXXXXX.

  12. Free printable cover page templates you can customize

    Skip to start of list. 6,289 templates. Create a blank Cover Page. Brown Aesthetic Paper Texture Portfolio Cover Document. Document by Rayya Studio. White And Navy Modern Business Proposal Cover Page. Document by Carleigh Emelie. Brown Vintage Scrapbook Cover Project History Document (A4) Document by hanysa.

  13. The Dissertation Title Page

    August 12, 2020. The title page of your dissertation or thesis conveys all the essential details about your project, including: The title of your project. Your full name (including student number if required) Clarification of whether this is a dissertation or thesis document. The name of your academic department. The name of your university.

  14. Designing a cover for your thesis · Gildeprint

    Learn how to create a great cover for your thesis with tips on content, fonts, sizes and software. Find out how to plan your print and get help from Gildeprint, a professional printer of PhD theses.

  15. Free Dissertation & Thesis Template (Word Doc & PDF)

    If you're preparing to write your dissertation, thesis or research project, our free dissertation template is the perfect starting point. In the template, we cover every section step by step, with clear, straightforward explanations and examples.. The template's structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for formal academic research projects such as dissertations and ...

  16. PhD thesis chapter pages

    The first chapter is always the introduction, which deals with the entire story of the thesis. Here, you could render a subdued version of the cover design, like so: The second chapter of our hypothetical PhD thesis is a review about the species making up the soil microbiome. Hence, you could highlight the soil and the images of those species ...

  17. Free Templates for your PhD Thesis

    That is why we do everything in our power to make this possible. GreenThesis offers you a free Word template for your thesis layout, when you let us design your cover. With this template, you can easily create a sleek and minimalist layout yourself without spending capital. If you still need help, we can provide it at a reasonable rate.

  18. 55 Amazing Cover Page Templates (Word, PowerPoint + PSD)

    The cover page is the very first thing that the reader would see. These cover page templates are completely free, editable and easy to download. ... Thesis Cover Page Template. ... Here are some steps to follow if you plan to design your own portfolio cover page: Choose one of the pre-formatted templates from the Insert tab then start editing ...

  19. How to Write an Essay Cover Page

    Cover pages can include the name of your school, your paper title, your name, your course name, your teacher or professor's name, and the due date of the paper. If you are unsure of what to include, check with your instructor. Here is an example of a cover page in MLA format: For more help making cover or title pages, visit our title page ...

  20. Template for LaTeX PhD thesis title page

    8. May 2014 by tom 22 Comments. Often universities provide official LaTeX templates for PhD theses. If your university doesn't, here is a template. The template includes the most common elements of a thesis title page: University's or institute's logo. Thesis title. Author's name. Degree the thesis is submitted for.

  21. Free report cover page templates to edit and print

    923 templates. Create a blank Report Cover Page. Brown and White Doodle Marketing Proposal Report Cover A4 Document. Document by Noisy Frame. White And Navy Modern Business Proposal Cover Page. Document by Carleigh Emelie. HS. Blue Modern Project Proposal Cover A4 Document. Document by Hayra Studio.

  22. 10 Best Dissertation Cover Page Samples for 20XX

    A dissertation, also known as a thesis, is a piece of writing which is generally composed of nearly 20 thousand words and is divided into different chapters. It is mostly comprised of 5 or more chapters where each chapter describes a state or reason of writing and continues towards the other chapters. ... Designs if dissertation cover page is ...