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Essay Paper UPSC 2021 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on January 8, 2022 by Alex Andrews George

UPSC conducted the Essay Paper , as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2021 on 07-01-2022.

There were 8 Essay topics, out of which candidates were asked to write on two topics in 3 hours.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000 words for each essay (about 10-12 pages).

Table of Contents

Essay Paper UPSC 2021 Instructions

Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
No marks will be given for answers written in the medium other than the authorized one.
Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper – UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2021

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

1. The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.

2. Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

3. Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

4. The real is rational and the rational is real.

5. Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

6. What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

7. History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

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8. There are better practices to “best practices”.

Most of the essays topics this year were philosophical and open to the interpretation of the candidates. However, considering the philosophical base of the questions, most candidates found the questions tricky. It was not easy to write 1000 words on each topic within the time constraints.

UPSC has ensured that the essay topics were much different from the GS questions.

A philosophical theme is clearly evident in most of the essay topics in Section A as well as Section B. This was the case in 2020 as well. However, this year it became much more prominent. It is a clue about what UPSC expects from the essay paper.

Rather than asking candidates to write on topics most aspirants are familiar or trained with, UPSC is now evaluating the essay writing skills of aspirants by providing them with abstract or philosophical topics.

The reason for such a shift in the pattern should be the change in the focus of the Commission.

All the 8 topics presented this year will test spontaneous thinking, comprehension, writing skills, and time-management of aspirants.

Repeated questions from previous years

The importance of the previous year UPSC questions cannot be stressed more.

Just like prelims, in mains too many questions came directly repeated from previous year question papers. Also, there were themes you often see in many essay books.

One such question was Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

Thinkers, Philosophers, and their Quotes

Let’s analyse the source of some of the question topics.

Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

This essay topic was a quote going rounds on the internet. The quote is attributed to “Coach Bobbi” [Bobbi Chegwyn] on Facebook.

Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

This essay topic was connected with J.K. Mehta’s Theory of Wantlessness!

This has also connections with Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy.

The real is rational and the rational is real.

This is a quote by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel .

As per Hegel, something can be real, yet it may not exist. Also, something may not be real, it may still exist. For Hegel, reality does not mean existence.

Among philosophers, Hegel is one whose thought is extremely difficult to understand. Often to understand Hegel’s thoughts, we need to grasp his ideas, not in isolation but together with his dialogue with other philosophers, in particular, Aristotle and Kant.

The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

“The Hand That Rocks the Cradle Is the Hand That Rules the World” is a poem by William Ross Wallace that praises motherhood as the preeminent force for change in the world. The poem was first published in 1865 under the title “ What Rules the World “.

What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

This is a quote by Will Harvey . Will Harvey (born 1967) is an American software developer and Silicon Valley entrepreneur.

History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

It was Karl Marx who said that history repeats itself, first as tragedy, then as farce.

First, it’s a tragedy because it shouldn’t have happened. Then it’s a farce (joke) because we didn’t learn from our mistakes the first time around. This is Marx’s version of dark humour.

What should aspirants preparing for next year do for an essay paper?

First of all, you should take the essay paper seriously.

Unless properly trained, it is not easy to write 10-12 pages on an abstract or philosophical topic.

You need to polish your comprehension and analytical skills.

Read different kinds of essays – particularly philosophical essays.

Give stress to the thoughts of philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Niche, Karl Marx etc. Start writing essays on famous quotes.

Also, be prepared to write essays touching other areas like society, polity, economy, or technology. UPSC is known for surprises.

Remember that there is nothing like a constant trend with respect to UPSC questions.

What you get by analysing the previous year question papers are clues. And only those are what you need from UPSC questions!

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

January 8, 2022 at 11:36 am

Upsc has chosen right path to evaluate person.one person read, listen ,rember and write in exam.He qualify exam.He is just like computer.worthy less people selected by upsc every year.They are not thinker.so our country is intellectually insolvent.civil services requires thinker to. progess country and welfare of common man.These types of question evaluate intellectual for the welfare of human being.

January 9, 2022 at 1:44 pm

You are putting the quality of a leader and a literate society in such a person who just has to follow his supremes.He/She must be a good analyst. That’s it!!!

June 13, 2022 at 12:41 pm

in the bureaucracy – there is no space for logical thinking.

once you clear the exams and get appointed – you have to follow the “protocol’ or “procedures” – its difficult to be analytical and innovative – bcos the system demands obedience and adherence to the protocol. If you follow the protocol – and even if lot of people are severely affected – you wont be taken to task. But if you are innovative – and even if ONE person gets affected – you will be punished.

January 8, 2022 at 4:02 pm

Yeah!I’ve passed upsc .

January 25, 2022 at 2:21 pm

I have written Essay on three topics..how may I share?

Don’t lose out without playing the right game!

Follow the ClearIAS Prelims cum Mains (PCM) Integrated Approach.

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UPSC Mains: Syllabus, Question Papers, Mock Tests, Art of Answer Writing

Mains GS Papers Topicwise from 2013-2023
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Mains GS Paper1: History, Social Science, Geography

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Salient features of world’s physical geography
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Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
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Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Investment models.
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology;
Indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
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Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention
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This paper includes questions to check the candidate’s’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his/her problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him/her while dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects and covers area:

Ethics and Human Interface- Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships
Human Values- lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values
Attitude- content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections
Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration- Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance
Probity in Governance- Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information; sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption
Case Studies on above issues.
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UPSC Mains Question Paper and Answer Solution 2023 with Analysis, Download PDF

Candidate preparing for UPSC and interested aspirants can download UPSC Mains question paper 2023 for all 9 sections which is going to be held from September 15, 2023 to 24th September.

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UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 has been released after the exam. Candidates can download the Question Paper PDF with the Answers for the Essay Paper, Paper-II General Studies-I, Paper-III General Studies-II, Paper-IV General Studies-III, Paper-V General Studies-IV, Paper-A Indian Language, Paper-B English, Paper-VI Optional Subject-Paper-1 and Paper-VII Optional Subject-Paper-2.

UPSC Mains Exams Started on September 15, 2023 (Friday) with an Essay Paper and it will end with Paper-VII Optional Subject-Paper-2 on 24th September, 2023 (Sunday). The UPSC Mains Question Paper is a comprehensive examination that tests candidates’ knowledge, understanding, and analytical skills across a wide range of subjects. The paper is divided into nine different papers, each of which covers a different subject area.

Paper 1: Essay
Paper 2: General Studies I
Paper 3: General Studies II
Paper 4: General Studies III
Paper 5: General Studies IV
Paper 6: Optional Subject I
Paper 7: Optional Subject II
Paper 8: Language I (English)
Paper 9: Language II (Indian Language)

If you are preparing for the UPSC IAS Exam and are interested in UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 and Looking for a UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper, then this will be the right place to get all the information in one click.

Download UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper with Analysis
Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper I with Analysis
Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper II with Analysis
Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper III with Analysis
Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper IV with Analysis

UPSC Mains Exam 2023 Time Table

The English language paper, one paper in the Indian language, two optional papers, the essay paper, and four general studies papers (GS-1, 2, 3, and 4) make up the nine papers that make up the UPSC mains exam. The schedule for the UPSC Mains 2023 exam is provided in the table below.

UPSC Mains Questions Paper 2023 PDF

Candidates who are preparing for UPSC already know that UPSC Mains consists of Nine Papers: Essay Paper, GS Paper 1, GS Paper 2, GS Paper 3 , GS Paper 4, Optional Subject-Paper-1, Optional Subject-Paper-2, Paper-B English, and Paper-A Indian Language. You can download the PDFs for each exam from the below table.

While the remaining exams of the UPSC Mains Exam are counted for merit ranking and will determine your result, the English and other language papers are of a qualifying character.

All candidates must take an exam in the Indian language, with the exception of those from Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, and Meghalaya. Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali are among the languages that can be used to write the UPSC Mains Language Paper.

Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Question and Answer Paper PDFs

Candidates can access the UPSC Mains Exam 2023 general studies exam papers in this part of the website by selecting them from the table below. (Links will be provided once the papers are out).

Check Out :- UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Language Question and Answer Papers 2023

Even though the language exams are for qualification purposes, they are significant because the candidate must pass them with the required minimum score in order to advance to the IAS mains exam. There is a list of languages from which applicants can select for the required Indian language exam.

The English language paper is referred to as Paper B, while the Indian language paper is referred to as Paper A. From the table below, candidates can download the language test questions. Upon release of the papers, links will be provided.

UPSC Mains 2023 Language Question and Answer Papers PDF

From this section, candidates can download Indian Language Question Papers and English Language Question Papers in PDF format.

Check Out :- UPSC Mains Optional Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Optional Paper 2023

UPSC Mains optional paper for 2023, candidates were presented with a diverse range of subjects to choose from, including but not limited to subjects like History, Geography, Sociology, Political Science, and Economics, among others.

This year’s optional paper aimed to test candidates’ in-depth knowledge and expertise in their chosen subjects, providing them with an opportunity to showcase their specialization and understanding in their respective fields.

Candidates can check out the UPSC Mains Optional Paper 2023 with the detail explanations with pdf

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UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023 FAQs

What are the 9 papers in upsc mains.

The UPSC Mains round, which is the second stage of the exam has nine papers. These nine papers are Compulsory Indian Language, English, Essay, General Studies-1, General Studies-2, General Studies-3, General Studies-4, Optional Paper-1, and Optional Paper-2.

What is paper 1 and paper 2 in UPSC mains?

Optional paper 1 and 2 in the UPSC Mains examination are two papers of a single optional subject like geography paper 1 and Paper 2, mechanical engineering paper 1 and Paper 2.

How much marks required for IAS 2023?

UPSC Prelims 2023 took place on May 28, 2023. The expected UPSC Cut Off 2023 For Prelims this year is 82-85 marks. The UPSC Prelims 2023 cut off will be out for all candidates once the exam results are published.

Will the questions be repeated in the UPSC examination?

The answer is Yes. Any times questions have been repeated in UPSC CSE. That is why it is recommended to go theough all the previous years (at least past 10 years).

Was UPSC Prelims 2023 tough?

The General Studies Paper of the UPSC Prelims 2023 exam was difficult in nature compared to the previous year. Candidates can expect the cut-off to go down to 82 to 85, as compared to 88 in the UPSC 2022 Prelims cut-off.

Is UPSC 2023 paper hard or easy?

The UPSC Prelims Paper 1 has been conducted by the Union Public Service Commission at various centers across the country. As per the student's feedback and our subject matter experts, the exam was of a moderate level of difficulty.

Donuru Ananya Reddy (Rank 3) UPSC 2023 Topper

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[MISSION 2024] Insights SECURE : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 15 April 2024

Click on EACH question to post/upload you answers.

How to Follow Secure Initiative?

How to self-evaluate your answer , mission – 2023: yearlong timetable, join ipm 4.0 to get an assured review of 2 secure answers everyday, general studies – 1.

Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.

1. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a pivotal moment in India’s struggle for independence from British rule, marking a shift towards more organized and concerted efforts to achieve independence. Analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India

Why the question: According to many historians, this was a turning point in Indians’ relationship with their British colonisers, and thus a pivotal moment in the course of India’s struggle for independence. Key Demand of the question: To write the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and its impact as a pivotal moment in India’s struggle for independence. Directive word: Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Begin by giving context. Body: First, write about the incident in detail. Next, write about the incident as turning point – galvanized nationalist sentiment, shifted leadership to figures like Mahatma Gandhi, drew international attention, accelerated the independence movement, and eroded faith in British rule. Conclusion: Conclude by summarising.

2. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar played a pivotal role in shaping India’s journey towards becoming a democratic and inclusive nation where all citizens have equal rights and opportunities. Discuss. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Indian Express

Why the question: As a grateful nation celebrates the 133nd birth anniversary of the father of India’s Constitution, the article recalls the Mahad Satyagraha. Key Demand of the question: To write contributions of Dr B.R Ambedkar’s in promoting democratic unity as well protection of equal rights. Directive word: Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Begin by writing a few introductory lines regarding Dr B.R Ambedkar Body: First, write about his role and contributions; His role as a social reformer, chairman of the draft committee of the Indian Constitution, and first law minister of the country is well-known. He was an educationist, economist, jurist, politician, journalist, sociologist and social reformer and worked in the fields of culture, religion and spirituality. Next, write about his measures in promoting democratic unity and as champion of domestic rights. Mention about key learnings from his teaching in the present day. Conclusion: Conclude by summarising.

General Studies – 2

Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.

3. Casteism in Indian cities persists as a social issue despite urbanization and modernization. Efforts must be undertaken to create a more equitable and inclusive urban society. Examine. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question: The article discusses how the Indian city has failed the aspirations and expectations that the Dalit liberation movement had placed in urbanization. Key Demand of the question: To write about the issues of casteism in Urban areas and measures needed. Directive word: Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Begin by giving context. Body: First, write about the causes of casteism in urban areas and its impact – social segregation, employment discrimination, and unequal access to resources. Next, write about the various measures needed to prevent it – legal enforcement, awareness campaigns, social integration programs, economic empowerment, political reforms, community engagement, and media initiatives to foster inclusivity and challenge stereotypes. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

General Studies – 3

Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

4. Define nanotechnology. Discuss its wide-ranging applications across sectors. (150 words)

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question: Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable. Key Demand of the question: To write about applications of nano technology for the betterment of the society. Directive word: Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Begin by defining nanotechnology. Body: First, write about the applications of nanotechnology – The applications of nanotechnology, commonly incorporate industrial, medicinal, and energy uses. These include more durable construction materials, therapeutic drug delivery, and higher density hydrogen fuel cells that are environmentally friendly. Next, write about how these will help in our developmental objectives and our society, Conclusion: Conclude by summarising.

5. India has made significant strides in developing indigenous missile systems, bolstering its defense capabilities and strategic deterrent. Critically analyse its strengths and weaknesses. (150 words)

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable. Key Demand of the question: To write about the its strengths and weaknesses of indigenous missile systems. Directive word: Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Begin by giving context of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme Body: First, write about the various missiles developed under Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. Next, write about the strengths and weaknesses in the above. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward to overcome the weaknesses.

General Studies – 4

Topic: Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators.

6. The nature of truth is that it remains indisputable despite attempts to attack or ridicule it. Analyse. Difficulty level: Moderate

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4. Directive word: Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Begin by writing by a truth. Body: Write about resilience of truth is discussed in light of factors such as objective reality, skepticism, confirmation bias, and the role of evidence and reasoning. While truth may face challenges from misinformation and subjective perspectives, critical thinking and open discourse are crucial in upholding its integrity. Conclusion: Conclude by emphasising on the importance of leading a truthful life.

Topic: Case Study

7. Miss ABC, a physically healthy Dutch woman, has made the difficult decision to legally end her life in May, despite her apparent physical health. Throughout her life, she has grappled with severe mental health challenges. Once harbouring dreams of becoming a psychiatrist, Miss ABC now finds herself scheduled for euthanasia, even as she remains in love with her boyfriend and shares her life with two beloved cats.

Miss ABC’s struggles with crippling depression, autism, and borderline personality disorder have been profound and enduring. Despite her love for her partner and the companionship of her feline friends, the weight of her mental health conditions has become unbearable. The decision to pursue euthanasia represents a deeply personal choice for Miss ABC, one that reflects her own assessment of her quality of life in the face of relentless mental anguish.

Miss ABC’s decision to pursue euthanasia in the face of her mental health struggles has ignited a profound debate surrounding the ethical and moral dimensions of end-of-life choices, particularly in cases where individuals contend with severe mental illness.

Mention ethical dilemmas the above case.
Is euthanasia of physically healthy individuals morally right?
Do you think persons with mental health issues be allowed to make such choices about euthanasia?

(250 words)

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UPSC Essentials | Mains answer practice — GS 3 Questions on Raman Effect and UIP (Week 47)

Are you preparing for upsc cse 2024 here are questions from gs paper 3 for this week with essential points as the fodder for your answers. do not miss points to ponder and answer in the comment box below. try them out.

UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative for the practice of Mains answer writing . It covers essential topics of static and dynamic parts of the UPSC Civil Services syllabus covered under various GS papers. This answer-writing practice is designed to help you as a value addition to your UPSC CSE Mains. Attempt today’s answer writing on questions related to topics of GS-3 to check your progress.

🚨 The Indian Express UPSC Essentials brings to you the April edition of its monthly magazine. Click Here to read . Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at [email protected]🚨

The “Raman Effect” was recognised as groundbreaking in the scientific community. Discuss the importance of Raman effect.

What is the Universal Immunisation Programme? Discuss the objectives of the programme and highlight the new vaccines introduced under the programme.

General points on the structure of the answers

Introduction

— The introduction of the answer is essential and should be restricted to 3-5 lines. Remember, a one-liner is not a standard introduction.

— It may consist of basic information by giving some definitions from the trusted source and authentic facts.

— It is the central part of the answer and one should understand the demand of the question to provide rich content.

— The answer must be preferably written as a mix of points and short paragraphs rather than using long paragraphs or just points.

— Using facts from authentic government sources makes your answer more comprehensive. Analysis is important based on the demand of the question, but do not over analyse.

— Underlining keywords gives you an edge over other candidates and enhances presentation of the answer.

— Using flowcharts/tree-diagram in the answers saves much time and boosts your score. However, it should be used logically and only where it is required.

Way forward/ conclusion

— The ending of the answer should be on a positive note and it should have a forward-looking approach. However, if you feel that an important problem must be highlighted, you may add it in your conclusion. Try not to repeat any point from body or introduction.

— You may use the findings of reports or surveys conducted at national and international levels, quotes etc. in your answers.

Self Evaluation

— It is the most important part of our Mains answer writing practice. UPSC Essentials will provide some guiding points or ideas as a thought process that will help you to evaluate your answers.

THOUGHT PROCESS

You may enrich your answers by some of the following points.

QUESTION 1: The “Raman Effect” was recognised as groundbreaking in the scientific community. Discuss the importance of Raman effect.

Introduction:

— Raman Effect refers to the phenomenon in which when a stream of light passes through a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered by the liquid is of a different colour. This happens due to the change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules.

— When light interacts with an object, it can either be reflected, refracted or transmitted. Scientists observed that when light is scattered, the particle it interacts with can change its energy.

Importance of Raman effect

— The character of the scattered radiations enables us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering substance.

— The discovery of the Raman effect was crucial for quantum theory.

— Its use in chemistry gave birth to a new field known as Raman spectroscopy. It is an analytical tool to conduct nondestructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds.

— The use of Raman spectroscopy allowed to concentrate much stronger beams of light with the invention of lasers.

— It has a wide variety of applications, from studying art and other objects of cultural importance in a non-invasive fashion to finding drugs hidden inside luggage at customs.

Conclusion:

— In 1986, the Government of India designated February 28 as National Science Day to commemorate the announcement of the discovery of the “Raman Effect”.

— Sir CV Raman got Nobel Prize in 1930 for the discovery of Raman effect.

(Source: National Science Day: The Raman Effect, which CV Raman won the Nobel for )

Points to Ponder

Nobel Prize in physics for 2024

National Science Day 2024

Previous Mains Answer Practice

UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 1 (Week 45)

UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 1 (Week 46)

UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 2 (Week 45)

UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 2 (Week 44)

UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 3 (Week 45)

UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 3 (Week 46)

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UPSC Mains Model Answers

Answer writing is a continuous exercise that is an inalienable part of the preparation process for the Civil Services Examination. A well-written answer not only reflects the knowledge of an aspirant but also his/her ability to tailor the content in a manner suited to meet the expectations of the question.

Somehow, this is easier said than done. Many questions abound in the minds of students, for example: How does one pick and choose which points to include in an answer and which to leave out? What does a good answer look like? , etc.

Answer Writing for IAS Mains

We at the BYJU’S IAS team have realised that despite going through the content for various subjects, students still face a challenge in terms of putting pen to paper and writing down the points in a manner most fitting the expectations of a UPSC answer.

Keeping this in mind, we have realised the need to publish some of the best answers written by students across the country in response to the subjective type questions we share with them. It is strongly believed that aspirants and readers alike would get a hands-on feel of what some of the best answers would actually look like on paper. Further, this initiative dovetails well our larger idea of empowering our students towards writing better answers for the Mains examination. We sincerely hope that this initiative will go a long way towards helping our students achieve success in this examination.

How this initiative will help you?

Get to know what other aspirants across the country are writing in terms of answers that meet the expectations of the questions.
Get to know your own level of preparedness with respect to the Civil Services Examination.
Get further inspired towards writing better answers and improving your own answer writing skill
Understand the different nuances between the various operative words for example: “Critically Analyze”, “Discuss”, “Elucidate”, etc.
Realizing a critical point that a “well-filled” answer isn’t the same as a “well-formed” answer.
Understanding the different narratives that a GS answer and Essay papers often need so as to invite high marks from the examiner

UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice

You can send in your answers to questions posted on the UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice Page where you can also view your fellow aspirants’ answers. Click on the link for more.

Get more information and tips regarding the UPSC Exams by clicking on the link given below:

Sample Answers for UPSC Mains

Answer script for UPSC Mains PDF

Answer script for International Relations questions PDF

Answer script for India-China relations PDF

Answer script for Artificial Intelligence PDF

Answer scripts for lateral entry, tribal rights and open data policy PDF

Answer scripts for Maulana Abul Kalam, Ponzi schemes and DSI technology PDF

Answer script for Continental Drift Theory PDF

Answer scripts for Continental Drift Theory PDF

Answer scripts for Speaker PDF

Answer scripts for Tourism in India

Answer scripts for Presidential form of government

Answer scripts for Agrarian crisis and other answers

Answer script for Digitization and other answers

Answer scripts for Cyber Physical System and other answers PDF

Answer script for Geography PDF

Answer script for Soil erosion PDF

Answer script for agrarian crisis & other answers

Answer script for Essay PDF

Answer script for Governance PDF

Answer script for public sector questions PDF

Answer script for corruption questions PDF

Answer script for technology and other questions PDF

Answer scripts for DPSPs and other answers PDF

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UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers

The UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2023 began with an Essay paper. There were eight essay topics separated into two groups, and aspirants were supposed to write on two of them in three hours, one from each. Candidates were asked to write 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Initial Thoughts

This year's essay paper followed the predicted pattern, with five of the eight themes being philosophical in nature. Furthermore, the general tone of the paper was thoughtful and philosophical.
Although the topics were simple to understand, it was challenging to select the right topic and then come up with enough content to complete 1000–1200 words.
The paper was manageable for aspirants who adhered to the fundamentals of UPSC preparation, such as having a firm understanding of the static syllabus, broad knowledge of current events, and adequate writing practice.

Now, let us discuss each topic separately.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic appears to be centered on the notion that critical thinking frequently occurs in the interaction to competing ideas or challenges.
Candidates may have been asked to investigate how clashes of ideas result in innovation and advancement.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic

Paul O'Brien is the author of this well-known proverb.
This comment most likely encouraged candidates to explore the importance of balancing intuition and logic when making crucial decisions.
It promotes thinking on the roles of both aspects in good leadership and problem-solving.

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring.
The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be excellent. It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to promote the notion that creativity is not restricted to rare moments of inspiration, but can also be found in ordinary events. It most likely prompted individuals to consider where creativity comes from and how we may exhibit it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir. Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.
The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

Mathematics is the music of reason, according to James Joseph Sylvester. Isn't music the mathematics of the senses, and mathematics the music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, while the mathematician thinks music: music is a dream, and mathematics is a job.”
This remark implies a poetic link between mathematics and music. Candidates would almost certainly be required to address the beauty and rationality inherent in mathematics, as well as its role in molding our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic appears to touch on the concepts of social justice and charity, which have been studied by philosophers such as John Rawls, as well as the “veil of ignorance.”
Candidates may have been asked to investigate the relationship in society amongst justice, equality, and generosity.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Albert Einstein once said, “Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.”
This essay topic will most likely require candidates to consider the value of education beyond rote memorization. It could have been expected to have a discussion about the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

Conclusion:

It makes no difference whether aspirants know where the quotes came from. The only thing that matters is how the given quote is elaborated and supplemented by examples and case studies. All of this is dependent on the critical topic selection. All of this depends on the proper selection of the topic.

Takeaways for 2024

As previously stated, the paper was manageable for those who strictly followed the fundamentals of UPSC preparation.
The main takeaway from this year's paper is that sufficient writing practise is necessary now.

More about the Art of Essay Writing can be found in Samajho's Corner:

Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 1 | How to Write an Effective Essay?
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 2 | Quotes For Writing an Effective Essay
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 3 | Anecdotes For Writing an Effective Essay
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 4 | Theme-wise Previous Years Essay Papers
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 5 | How to Tackle Philosophical Essays?

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UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Model Answers GS Paper I PDF

Model Answers GS Paper II PDF

Model Answers GS Paper III PDF

Model Answers GS Paper IV PDF

The UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 will help you understand the exam pattern being followed by UPSC in this year. The exam dates for the UPSC CSE Mains are 15th, 16th, 17th, 23rd and 24th September 2023. The examination was conducted in two shifts: the first shift is from 9.00 a.m. - 12.00 p.m., and the second shift is from 2.00 p.m. -5.00 p.m . The pattern of the UPSC Mains 2023 question paper consists of a comprehensive assessment designed to evaluate the knowledge, analytical abilities, and writing skills of aspirants for various civil services positions in India. There are 9 papers in total, and all are descriptive in nature.

Analysing the UPSC Mains 2023 paper will help you analyse the pattern of questions and fill in the gaps in your preparation for UPSC 2024 . Therefore, this article will focus on providing UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023 for all 9 papers that are taking place from 15th to 24th September 2023.

UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper PDF

The UPSC Mains Question Paper consists of a set of nine papers, out of which two are qualifying in nature, namely the English Language Paper and an Indian Language Paper (selected by the candidate). The remaining seven papers are counted for merit, covering a wide spectrum of subjects, including General Studies, Essay, and optional subjects selected by the candidates. These papers are designed to evaluate a candidate's in-depth understanding of various subjects, critical thinking ability, analytical skills, and ability to articulate thoughts clearly.

Here, you can download the UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 PDF of GS Paper- I, II, III and IV consisting of the General Studies subjects part of the UPSC Syllabus . Each Paper carries 250 Marks.

General Studies I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)
General Studies II (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations)
General Studies III (Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)
General Studies IV (Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude)

You can download the UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 of General Studies - I, II, III, and IV from the given link below:

GS Paper I Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper II Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper III Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper IV Mains Question Paper 2023

Model Answers of UPSC Mains 2023 General Studies Questions

Those who have taken the UPSC Mains 2023 exam from 15th to 24th September or those who are planning to appear next year can download the model answers of UPSC Mains question papers of GS I, II, III, and IV from the following links. These answers will help you identify the structure and important points that could be included in the answers.

GS Paper 1:

Question 1: Explain the role of Geographical Factors towards the development of Ancient India .
Question 2: What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism?
Question 3: Bring about the Socio-Economic Effects of the Introduction of Railways in Different Countries of the World.
Question 4: Discuss the Consequences of Climate Change on the Food Security in Tropical Countries.
Question 5: Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?
Question 6: How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
Question 8: Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in modern India?
Question 9: Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society.

GS Paper 2:

Question 1: "Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment.
Question 2: Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India.
Question 3: “The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment.
Question 4: Compare and Contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary Sovereignty.
Question 5: Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.

GS Paper 3:

Question 1: Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard.
Question 2: What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements.
Question 3: How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it.
Question 4: State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria.
Question 5: Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in the healthcare?
Question 6: Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.

GS Paper 4:

Differentiate ‘moral intuition’ from ‘moral reasoning with suitable examples.
What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.
Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance?

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

The UPSC Mains Essay paper 2023 consists of two sections, Section A and Section B. Each section has four essay topics. Aspirants must choose one topic from each section for a total of two essays. Each essay must be between 1,000 and 1,200 words long and is worth 125 marks. The Essay paper is not just for qualifying purposes but also counts towards the final merit ranking. Candidates are expected to stay on topic, organise their thoughts logically, and write concisely.

The UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023 can be downloaded here.

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper PDF

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 Language Papers

The UPSC Mains exam has nine papers, of which Paper A is the mandatory Indian Language Paper. Candidates must select an Indian language from a list given by the UPSC in the official notification.

Paper B is the required English Language Paper. It is a qualifying paper, meaning that candidates must score at least 25% marks in order to be considered for the final merit list.

The UPSC Mains question papers for Indian language and English language can be downloaded from the following links:

Paper A: Indian Language Mains Question Paper 2023 (Hindi)
Paper B: English Language Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Optional Question Papers

The UPSC Mains Exam has a list of 48 optional subjects from which aspirants must choose one. Each optional subject is divided into two papers, each of which carries 250 marks. The choice of an optional subject is an important factor in determining the candidate's rank in the final merit list, so it should be made carefully. The UPSC Mains 2023 question paper of optional subjects can be downloaded from the following links:

Pattern of UPSC Mains 2023 Paper

To know about the exam pattern and the release dates of UPSC Mains 2023 question papers, refer to the following table:

Is UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 released?

The UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 has not been released on the Official UPSC Website yet. However, you can download the Mains Question Paper 2023 from our given page after the paper has been successfully concluded on the given day.

How many papers are there in UPSC Mains?

There are a total of 9 papers for UPSC Mains 2023. Each paper is descriptive in nature.

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Home » UPSC Mains: Syllabus, Question Papers, Mock Tests, Art of Answer Writing. Mains GS Papers Topicwise from 2013-2023. Mrunal's Model Answers for UPSC GSM-2020 Paper. Mains GS Paper1: History, Social Science, Geography. Mains GS Paper2: Polity, Governance,International Relation. Mains GS Paper3: Economy, Environment, Sci-Tech, Internal ...
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Previous Year Question Papers. Search Exam Name . Apply. Year: 2024. ... Paper - III Noting and Drafting, Precis Writing (For Year - 2019 - 2020) ... LDCE-2023; General Ability and Intelligence and Professional Skill; Essay, Precis Writing and Comprehension; Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2023; Optional Subjects : Agricultural Paper - I ...
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Model Essays
Previous Years Papers. GS Paper-I (Year Wise) GS Paper-I (Subject Wise) CSAT. CSAT Strategy; CSAT MCQs; ... Mains Answer Writing Practice; Essay. Essay Strategy; Fodder For Essay; Model Essays; Previous Years Papers; Ethics. ... Main AB Road, Bhawar Kuan, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452007 ...
Model Answers for UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper I, II, III, IV
Use language and expression effectively to communicate complex ideas in a simple yet eloquent way. Identify gaps in their content and use the model answers to enrich their knowledge. Access the UPSC Model Answers PDF for the General Studies Paper- I, II, III and IV for Main Examination 2023 from the given links below: GS Paper 1 Model Answers PDF.
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Gaurav Agrawal Rank - 1, 2013, Medium - English. Bharti Dixit Rank - 5, 2013, Medium - English. Sakshi Sawhney Rank - 6, 2013, Medium - English. Divyanshu Jha Rank - 9, 2013, Medium - English. Analyze your Preparation by referring to UPSC Toppers' Answer Copy | 8 in Top 10 Selections in CSE 2021 - Vision IAS - Toppers' Choice.
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The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper - 4. Directive word: Discuss - This is an all-encompassing directive - you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer ...
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UPSC Essentials
UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative for the practice of Mains answer writing.It covers essential topics of static and dynamic parts of the UPSC Civil Services syllabus covered under various GS papers. This answer-writing practice is designed to help you as a value addition to your UPSC CSE Mains.
Solved Papers by subject
Reach Us 12, Main AB Road, Bhawar Kuan, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452007 641, 1 st Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-110009 ; 21, Pusa Rd, WEA, Karol Bagh, Delhi-110005
UPSC Mains Model Answers
Understanding the different narratives that a GS answer and Essay papers often need so as to invite high marks from the examiner; UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice. You can send in your answers to questions posted on the UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice Page where you can also view your fellow aspirants' answers. Click on the link for more.
UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers
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UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023
The UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 will help you understand the exam pattern being followed by UPSC in this year. The exam dates for the UPSC CSE Mains are 15th, 16th, 17th, 23rd and 24th September 2023. The examination was conducted in two shifts: the first shift is from 9.00 a.m. - 12.00 p.m., and the second shift is from 2.00 p.m. -5.00 p.m.
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Essay Paper UPSC 2021 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis

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Essay Question Paper – UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2021

Repeated questions from previous years

Thinkers, Philosophers, and their Quotes

Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

The real is rational and the rational is real.

The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

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UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers

Initial Thoughts

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic

Not all who wander are lost

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

Mathematics is the music of reasons

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Conclusion:

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