about speech language pathology

What is an SLP & What do they do?

Speech-language pathology is the scientific study of speech, fluency, feeding and swallowing, and all the mechanisms of speech and language, along with the therapeutic application of corrective and augmentative measures to help people with speech disorders speak and communicate better. It falls under the communication sciences and disorders discipline, which also include the closely aligned—but separate—study of audiology.

Speech-language pathology is focused on a range of human communication and swallowing disorders affecting people of all ages.

• Emerson College - Master's in Speech-Language Pathology online - Prepare to become an SLP in as few as 20 months. No GRE required. Scholarships available.
• NYU Steinhardt - NYU Steinhardt's Master of Science in Communicative Sciences and Disorders online - ASHA-accredited. Bachelor's degree required. Graduate prepared to pursue licensure.
• Arizona State University - Online - Online Bachelor of Science in Speech and Hearing Science - Designed to prepare graduates to work in behavioral health settings or transition to graduate programs in speech-language pathology and audiology.

According to The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association , the following disorders fall under the umbrella of speech-language pathology:

• Speech Disorders : Occurs when individuals have difficulty producing speech sounds correctly or fluently (e.g., stuttering)
• Language Disorders : Occurs when individuals have difficulty understanding others, sharing thoughts, feelings, and ideas, and/or using language in functional and socially appropriate ways; language disorders may also be in the written form
• Communicating with others socially (e.g., greeting others, asking questions, etc.)
• Changing their way of communicating depending on the listener or setting
• Following socially acceptable rules of conversation and story telling
• Cognitive-Communication Disorders : Occurs when individuals have difficulties paying attention, planning, problem-solving, or organizing their thoughts. Many times, these disorders occur as a result of a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia.
• Swallowing Disorders: Occurs when individuals have difficulty eating and swallowing. Swallowing disorders are often a result of an illness, injury, or stroke.

The practice of speech-language pathology includes those who want to learn how to communicate more effectively, such as those who want to work on accent modification or improve their communication skills. It also includes the treatment of people with tracheostomies and ventilators.

Speech-Language Pathology: The Synthesis of Two Fields of Study

Language differs from speech, which is why speech-language pathology is actually the study of two fields.

Speech is the verbal means of communication. It consists of:

• Articulation: How speech sounds are made
• Voice: The use of breathing and vocal cords to produce sounds
• Fluency: The rhythm of speech

Speech problems often occur because a person has difficulty producing sounds due to the incorrect movement of the lips, tongue, and mouth.

Speech problems include:

• Childhood speech apraxia : Neurological childhood speech sound disorder resulting from neuromuscular difficulties, such as abnormal reflexes or abnormal tone
• Adult speech apraxia : Speech disorder caused by neuromuscular difficulties, such as abnormal reflexes or abnormal tone; usually as a result of stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, or other progressive neurological disorders
• Dysarthia : Impaired movement of the muscles used for speech production, including the vocal cords, tongue, lips, and/or diaphragm
• Stuttering : Involuntary repetition of sounds
• Speech sound disorders : Includes articulation and phonological processes difficulties
• Orofacial myofunctional disorders : Tongue moves forward in an exaggerated way during speech or swallowing (called tongue thrusts)
• Voice disorders : Includes vocal cord nodules and polyps, vocal cord paralysis, spasmodic dysphonia, and paradoxical vocal fold movement

Language consists of socially shared rules that include how to put words together, how to make new words, what words mean, and what word combinations are best in what situations. Language disorders include:

• Difficulty understanding others: receptive language disorder
• Difficulty sharing thoughts, ideas, and feelings: expressive language disorder

Although speech and language disorders can occur by themselves, they often exist together, which is why speech-language pathology is a combined field of study.

Speech and language disorders are often a result of medical conditions, such as:

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Huntington’s Disease
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Laryngeal and oral cancers
• Right hemisphere brain injury
• Traumatic brain injury

In children, this may also include selective mutism and language-based learning disabilities resulting from:

• Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Syndromes, such as Down’s syndrome and Fragile X syndrome
• Cerebral palsy
• Failure to thrive
• Low birth weight or premature birth
• Hearing loss
• Intellectual disabilities
• Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
• Stroke/brain injury
• Cleft lip/palate

What is a Speech-Language Pathologist?

Speech-language pathologists evaluate, diagnose, and treat speech, language, communication, and swallowing disorders. These highly trained clinicians work as part of a collaborative, interdisciplinary team of professionals, which includes physical therapists, occupational therapists, social workers, teachers, physicians, audiologists, and psychologists, among others.

Their job duties include:

• Developing and implementing treat plans based on their professional assessment and recommendation from members of the interdisciplinary team
• Monitoring their patients’ progress and adjusting their treatment plans accordingly
• Documenting patient care and writing reports regarding patient evaluation, treatment, progress, and discharge
• Ordering, conducting, and evaluating hearing, speech, and language tests and examinations
• Educating patients and family members on treatment plans, communication techniques, and strategies for coping with speech/language barriers
• Designing, developing, and employing diagnostic and communication devices or strategies
• Developing and implementing speech and language programs

Though a majority of speech-language pathologists are involved in direct patient care, these professionals also fulfill a number of other roles in areas such as:

• Program coordination and administration
• Teaching at the post-secondary level
• Supervision
• Product development and evaluation
• Consultation

Speech-Language Pathologist Education and Certification

Speech-language pathologists are highly educated and trained clinicians, educators, researchers, and administrators. Speech-language pathologists, at a minimum, hold a master’s degree in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD).

Most master’s degrees in CSD are Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Science (MS) programs. Master of Education (MEd) programs prepare speech-language pathology educators.

National certification and states licensure require the completion of a program that has been accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech Language Pathology (CAA) .

In most states, additional state licensure requirements include completing a supervised postgraduate professional experience and passing a national exam.

Language-speech pathologists can earn the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP) through the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Certification requirements are similar to state licensing requirements, so state licensed language-speech pathologists generally qualify for the CCC-SLP designation.

The History of Speech-Language Pathology

Speech-pathology as a recognized field of study had its origins in the early part of the twentieth century, when the scientific, academic, and clinical foundations began to take shape and a number of organizations (such as the American Academy of Speech Correction in 1926) focused on speech disorders and speech correction were established.

From 1945 to 1965, speech-language pathology began to evolve, thanks to the introduction of a number of assessment and therapy approaches focused on underlying communication disorders. It was during this time that speech-language pathology researchers and clinicians began focusing their attention on the many WWII soldiers returning from war with brain injuries resulting in aphasia.

This period also gave rise to brain studies, technological advances, and the development of standardized testing procedures, including receptive and expressive language assessment and treatment techniques.

Between 1965 and 1975, advancements in linguistics spurred researchers to begin distinguishing language disorders from speech disorders. Their work enhanced the work of speech-language pathologists, allowing them to begin more effectively treating a variety of language delays and disorders.

Today, speech-language pathology continues to evolve as high-quality research evidence is integrated into practitioner expertise and clinical decision making. The increased national and international exchange of professional knowledge, information, and education in communication sciences and disorders continues to strengthen research collaboration and improve clinical services.

Speech-Language Pathology Resources

• Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech Language Pathology (CAA)
• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
• American Academy of Private Practice in Speech Pathology and Audiology
• International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association
• National Student Speech Language Hearing Association
• National Aphasia Foundation
• Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America
• The Cherab Foundation
• The Voice Foundation
• Selective Mutism Foundation
• Stuttering Foundation of America
• National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders

Back to Top

• Career Resources
• How to Become a Speech-Language Pathologist
• Both Sides of the Frenectomy Debate
• Certification
• State Licensing Overview
• Student Resources
• What is Speech-Language Pathology?
• CAA-Accredited Graduate Programs
• Directory of CSD and SLP Undergraduate Programs
• Master’s in Speech-Language Pathology
• SLP Clinical Fellowship
• SLP Thesis Track
• 2022 SLP Scholarship Guide
• 2022 Top SLP Master’s Programs
• Practice Settings
• Private Practice
• Telepractice
• Specialty Areas and Disorders
• Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie) and Lip-Tie Issues
• Aphasia (Post Stroke)
• Apraxia of Speech
• Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
• Child Language Disorders
• Communication Competency Assessment
• Early Intervention
• Fluency Disorders
• Forensic Speech-Language Pathology
• Laryngeal Imaging
• Late Talkers
• Low-Incidence Disorders
• Multilingual Patients
• Occupational Therapy
• Otoacoustic Emissions Screening
• Patients with Autism
• Patients with Cochlear Implants
• Percutaneous Electrical Stimulation (E-stim)
• Public Health
• Rehabilitation
• Spasmodic Dysphonia
• Stuttering and Cluttering
• Swallowing and Feeding Disorders (Dysphagia)
• Transnasal Esophagoscopy and Pharyngeal/Esophageal Manometry
• Transgender Voice Modification Therapy
• Voice Therapy
• Dual Certification in SLP and Lactation Consultancy
• Continuing Education is Key to Career Versatility and Longevity in This Field
• Do You Speak with an Accent? … You Can Still Be an Outstanding SLP
• The Challenges and Rewards of Working with English Language Learners
• Some Advice on How to Approach Your Clinical Fellowship
• 4 Things a Job Description Can’t Tell You About the Profession
• 5 Things I Love Most About Being an SLP
• Your Guide to Getting Started in Telepractice
• Why Team Player SLPs are Even More Effective Than Superstars
• Why Working With the Entire Family Gets the Best Results in Kids Struggling with Speech-Language Issues

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Becoming A Speech-Language Pathologist: Education, Duties, Salary

Learn what it takes to become a speech language pathologist and the career opportunities you can pursue in this rewarding profession.

Becoming a speech-language pathologist typically requires a master’s degree in speech-language pathology and a passing score on a licensure exam. Many states expect prospective speech-language pathologists to complete a Clinical Fellowship (CF) experience as a bridge from graduate student to professional. Most Professional Certificate programs and employers also require this type of experience. 

As a speech-language pathologist, you’ll work with individuals who struggle with communication, speaking, listening, or hearing. You may also work with people who have swallowing disorders. A speech-language pathologist’s job is to both diagnose and treat. Your salary will vary by where you work, your location, years of experience, and any certifications you earn. 

What exactly is Speech-Language Pathology?

Speech-language pathology is the study of disorders in human communication, as well as all of the various ways that humans communicate. Researchers in the field aim to discover effective treatment methods for communication and oral motor disorders involving the mouth and throat. These disorders can affect a person's ability to pronounce words correctly, share ideas, follow generally accepted conversation rules, organize thoughts, and more. Some people are born with a speech-language disorder, while others may result from an external trigger like a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or autism spectrum disorder. 

What Does a Speech-Language Pathologist Do Day-To-Day?

Speech-language pathologists diagnose, assess, develop and execute individualized treatment plans for people experiencing communication problems involving speech and language or swallowing disorders that affect the ability to eat and drink properly. These health care professionals work with individuals who suffer from language or speech problems and swallowing disorders. A speech-language pathologist may work with various age groups, from newborns to the elderly. They may also work with a wide range of speech, language, and swallowing/feeding disorders that may result from developmental delay, physical deformation, cognitive disorders, injury, illness, aging, or mental/emotional disorders. 

Identify speech, language, or swallowing difficulties.

A large part of what a speech-language pathologist does is identifying and diagnosing speech, language, and swallowing difficulties. A speech-language pathologist may use informal methods like observation, interviewing, or completion of analog tasks to identify speech and language disorders and problems. Sometimes they use formal tools and techniques that may involve standardized assessments, such as the Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test or the Monroe-Sherman test.

The speech pathologist will choose their method based on a person’s age, cultural background and values, and the severity of the concerns in question. Most speech-language pathologists begin with an initial assessment that involves a blend of testing and evaluation of voice quality and a physical examination of the mouth. Swallowing disorders may be caused by neurological disorders, stroke, and even dental problems. Speech-language pathologists can help identify and treat swallowing difficulties by physically examining the muscles used for swallowing. This examination usually involves the patient performing specific movements and swallowing substances to assess their swallowing ability. 

Provide treatment options

After identifying the problem and offering a diagnosis, a speech-language pathologist puts together a treatment plan. But how does a speech-language pathologist know what will work for treating the condition and the individual? A speech-language pathologist works with people regularly, often working through difficult situations where a person may become frustrated. You must know your client and understand the best methods and approaches to help them. 

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the act of making informed and evidence-based decisions using your knowledge as a trained professional and best practices found in published studies and research. You also may consider individual observations you’ve conducted and the cultural values and the expectations of your client and their families or caregivers. When a speech-language pathologist develops a treatment plan, it’s best to use EBP to create a program that is mindful of the patient's needs and all of the options to help that patient reach their goal. 

Help individuals cope with speech disorders.

Speech disorders can be a frustrating experience. People who suffer from communication disorders may experience social anxiety, loneliness, problems at work, embarrassment, and even depression. This means that those with language and speech disorders may need additional support beyond a plan of treatment to deal with the frustration and setbacks they may experience.

Speech-language pathologists may act as counselors when working with patients who become overwhelmed, frustrated, sad, or angry. Their work can include helping patients with the thoughts, behaviors, and reactions related to the communication disorder. Some ways a speech-language pathologist can help individuals cope with speech disorders include: 

Help your patient find a counselor or therapist with experience helping people with speech disorders.

Create a relaxed environment when working with the patient.

Inform the family and caregivers on helpful ways to communicate with your patient (i.e., don’t interrupt, reduce background noise, and ask them what would be helpful).

Use restating and reflection when a patient becomes frustrated. Repeat what they say back to them and try to clarify with the patient what they mean and how you can help.

Try to identify negative thoughts when working with your patient and tease those out to discuss the validity of those thoughts.

Refer your patient to peer groups or support groups in your area.

Teach self-advocacy skills so that your patient can better communicate what they need and feel more confident.

Teach people how to build and maintain fluency 

People who struggle with stuttering or similar problems have trouble speaking smoothly at a normal rate of speed, also known as fluency. Sometimes when a patient has suffered a stroke or has some other neurological condition, they may also have trouble with fluency. Speech-language pathologists may use techniques like breathing exercises, syllable stretching, and strategies like speaking in shorter sentences to help their patients speak confidently and avoid hesitations and filler words in conversation. 

Essential Skills of a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)

Speech-language pathologists must possess several critical skills, including active listening and compassion. These health care professionals work with many people from different backgrounds, ages, and with differing needs or disorders. Some essential speech-language pathologist qualifications include:

Active listening

Critical thinking

Decision-making

Adaptability

Verbal and written communication

Time management

Dependability

Education and licensing requirements

You must have your master’s degree in speech pathology, and pass the Praxis exam, to become a speech-language pathologist. With your graduate degree, you can complete your clinical fellowship (CF) experience, obtain state licensure, and earn certifications. 

Read more: How to Get a Master's Degree

Bachelor's Degree in a related field

Your first step to becoming a speech-language pathologist is to earn your bachelor’s degree in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) or a related field. Other common majors for speech-language pathologists include linguistics, social science, psychology, English, language development, and education. 

Read more: Bachelor of Science (BS) Degree: What It Is and How to Earn One

If you have your degree in a field unrelated to speech pathology, you may need to take additional coursework for entry into a graduate program. 

Master's in Speech-Language Pathology

When choosing a graduate degree program, be sure you find a program that the Council of Academic Accreditation accredits in Audiology and Speech Pathology (CAA). ASHA provides a list of accredited schools if you need help. 

As part of your master’s program, you can expect to learn evidence-based treatments and methodology for communication disorders and swallowing disorders, cognitive aspects of communication, speech sound production, and the ability to detect abnormal human development. You will also learn a lot about ethics and ASHA’s code of ethics. 

Aside from your coursework, you’ll also be expected to complete at least 400 hours of a clinical practicum and supervised clinical experience in the field. Most programs take about two years to complete in full.

Passing the Praxis Examination in Speech-Language Pathology

You’ll need to pass the Praxis exam in speech-language pathology to gain state licensure and earn any certifications post-graduate school. This exam is crucial as it allows you to demonstrate proficiency in critical technical skills needed to be an effective speech pathologist. 

To be eligible to take the exam, you must have graduated from a master’s program in speech pathology. The Praxis is scored by ASHA’s Council for Clinical Certification in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CFCC), and passing scores are determined by state licensing boards and ASHA. Note that score requirements may vary by state and differ from ASHA’s requirements for earning CCC-SLP certification. 

Professional Certificates

When you’ve satisfied all educational requirements to become a speech-language pathologist, you’ll likely be looking for a mentor to complete your Clinical Fellowship (CF). In some states, a mentor is required to get licensed as a speech-language pathologist; it’s also a requirement if you’re applying for ASHA’s Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP) certification. Many board-certified specialty certifications will also require the completion of a CF. 

A CF is a 36-week mentored internship experience that allows new graduates to gain professional experience before starting on their own as speech-language pathologists. You’ll likely spend around 80 percent of your time in direct clinical contact working with clients and the remainder in continuing education opportunities like training, conferences, or other related experiences. 

If you want to specialize in a particular area or work with a specific demographic, consider earning a board-certified specialty (BCS) certification approved by ASHA. Specialty certifications are available through the following specialty certification boards: 

American Board of Fluency and Fluency Disorders 

American Audiology Board of Intraoperative Monitoring 

American Board of Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders 

American Board of Child Language and Language Disorders 

You can also find specialty certifications through other organizations that advocate for specific disorders. 

Getting Started with Your Career

When you’re ready to start your career as a speech-language pathologist, find a CF mentor in a work environment where you see yourself working for years to come. If you need help deciding where you’d like to work as a speech-language pathologist, who you’d like to work with, or what disorders you want to focus on, consider networking with people in the field and researching your options. Building relationships early in your career has many benefits. 

Get Clinical Experience

Your clinical experience as a clinical fellow can be an invaluable tool for helping you aim the trajectory of your career as a speech-language pathologist. This experience acts as a bridge from student to professional. Take full advantage of this experience. Try to choose a mentor working in a similar area to you that which you want as a speech pathologist. If you plan to work with children, look for school clinical experiences. If you're going to work with neurological disorders or people recovering from a stroke, look for opportunities in hospitals or nursing homes.  

Network With People In The Field

Networking with people in speech pathology can be an effective way to find employment or just to learn more about the field and create relationships with like-minded professionals who may help you get your career started. You can network through social media or LinkedIn, attend networking events and conferences, or reach out via email or other means of communication. Professional speech-language pathology groups also offer meet-ups either online or in person.

How Much Does a Speech-Language Pathologist Earn?

A speech-language pathologist working in the US earns an average of $79,060 a year, or about $38.01 an hour. As of 2020, this average is reflective of all of the 158,100 jobs available [1] . Factors like certifications, location, work schedule, and the employer will affect a speech-language pathologist’s salary.

Typical Salary Ranges In Different Jobs

Speech-language pathologists may work in medical facilities like hospitals, private physician offices, nursing homes, schools, or as self-employed freelancers. 

Nursing homes and assisted living facilities are among the highest paying employers of speech-language pathologists, earning an average of $99,340 Educational facilities like schools are among the lower-paying employers offering an average annual salary of about $75,270 a year [2] . 

There is not as much data on the annual salary for self-employed speech-language pathologists. Since these individuals make their own schedules, the earning potential is up to them. However, if you want to work as a freelance speech-language pathologist, consider that a number of factors will impact your earning. A large, loyal client base and offering in-home care, online sessions, or other more convenient ways to receive therapy can affect how much you can earn. 

Job Outlook

Speech-language pathologists can enjoy an optimistic job outlook for at least the next ten years. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics projects average job growth of 29 percent from 2020 to 2030 for the profession [3] . This growth rate is above average. A few reasons for this exceptional growth include an aging population, increased awareness of communication and neurologic disorders in childhood, and medical advances in cognitive disorders resulting from illness or injury.   

Next Steps to Becoming a Speech-Language Pathologist

Take the next steps to become a speech-language pathologist by researching the profession and finding out what you’d like to do within the field. Do you want to work with children? Senior citizens? Stroke survivors? As you earn your formal education as a prospective speech pathologist, consider enrolling in courses that may help you learn more about the field and your options. On Coursera, you’ll find courses specifically designed for future and current professionals in language and audiology, like Voice Disorders:What Patients and Professionals Need to Know or Introduction to Hearing Loss . Be proactive and learn as much as you can, whether in the middle of your journey to becoming a speech-language pathologist or just getting started.

How long does a Master's in Speech-Language Pathology take? ‎

A master’s program in speech-language pathology typically takes about two years to complete or about 48 academic credit hours. This includes at least 350 to 400 hours of supervised clinical experience. Certain factors like academic credit requirements and program structure may affect this timeline. ‎

Is the Praxis Exam hard? ‎

The Praxis exam in speech-language pathology tests your subject matter on various topics within speech-language and audiology. You can take practice tests and obtain free test prep materials from the ETS website, which administers the test. Take advantage of these resources to prepare for the difficulty of the Praxis. ‎

Does it matter what bachelor's degree I choose? ‎

Yes. If you know you want to become a speech-language pathologist, you should earn a bachelor’s degree in communication sciences disorders (CSD). Many graduate programs require this major, and you may have to take additional coursework if your degree is in an unrelated field. Choosing the appropriate bachelor’s degree program can also be beneficial when you start looking to earn a master’s degree in this field.  ‎

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Article sources 

1. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. “ Occupational Outlook Handbooks Speech-Language Pathologists Summar y, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/speech-language-pathologists.htm#tab-1 .” Accessed April 16, 2022.  

2. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. “ Occupational Outlook Handbooks Speech-Language Pathologists Work Environment ,  https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/speech-language-pathologists.htm#tab-5.” Accessed April 16, 2022. 

3. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. “ Occupational Outlook Handbooks Speech-Language Pathologists Job Outlook , https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/speech-language-pathologists.htm#tab-6 .” Accessed April 16, 2022.

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What Is a Speech Pathologist?

Also Known as a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) or Speech Therapist

• What They Do
• Conditions Treated

Training for Speech Pathologists

• When to See an SLP

A speech pathologist, also known as a speech therapist, is a healthcare professional who helps you improve your speech and communication if you have been ill, injured, or have a chronic disability. Speech pathologists may also be called speech-language pathologists (SLP).

Speech pathologists also work with people who have difficulty swallowing food or drink to help them stay safe while eating.

This article examines the important work that speech pathologists do as part of a rehabilitation team of professionals. You will learn what conditions they treat and when you should seek out the services of an SLP.

What a Speech Pathologist Does

A speech pathologist is a trained medical professional who works with patients who are injured or ill and are having difficulty speaking or swallowing. They work to prevent, assess, and treat these disorders in adults and children.

Speech pathologists help people communicate, and this may involve:

• Expressive communication : The ability to communicate verbally and nonverbally
• Receptive communication : The ability to understand verbal and nonverbal communications

Some speech therapists work closely with audiologists (healthcare professionals who treat hearing and balance problems) to ensure that you can hear and understand language correctly. Others work with otolaryngologists , also called ear, nose, and throat physicians (ENTs), to help patients swallow food and drink safely and to assist patients with oral motor function.

Common Specialty Areas

Some speech pathologists have a more generalized practice, while others have a more narrow focus on specific areas or problems such as:

• Social communication
• Voice and vocal hygiene
• Speech sound disorders

Some of the official certifications that a speech pathologist may receive include:

•  Intraoperative monitoring
•  Fluency disorders
•  Swallowing and feeding disorders
•  Child language disorders

Speech pathologists seeking specialty certification have to meet education, experience, and clinical practice requirements as established by independent specialty certification boards.

Where Speech Therapists Work

There are a variety of settings in which speech pathologists work. This may include:

• Schools: Speech therapists working in schools help children with speech disorders learn to overcome their communication challenges.
• Nursing homes: Speech therapists in nursing homes help patients with dementia or communication issues caused by other conditions like stroke learn communication strategies. They also work with staff on ways to help residents communicate more effectively.
• Hospitals: A speech pathologist working in a hospital may help diagnose and treat language communication problems and swallowing disorders in hospitalized patients. 
• Private practices: Speech pathologists may also work in private practices where they may specialize in one or more language problems or health conditions in specific populations.

Speech pathologists can also work as educators in colleges and universities, and they may be involved in research.

Conditions Speech Therapists Treat

Speech pathologists work with people of various ages and with a variety of conditions. They sometimes work with young children who are having problems speaking properly, or they may help older adults with cognitive communication (communication that is affected by memory, attention, organization, and problem-solving, which are examples of executive functioning ).

A stroke can cause damage to the part of the brain responsible for language and communication. Depending on the extent of the stroke, this loss of ability may be short-term or long-term. A speech pathologist can help someone who is recovering from a stroke regain their ability to speak and understand language.

What is aphasia?

Aphasia is a condition of the brain that affects how you communicate with others. It is caused by damage to the part of the brain responsible for language and can affect your ability to speak and understand what is being said.

Hearing Loss

A speech pathologist may work with other professionals such as audiologists and ENTs to help assess, manage, and treat someone with hearing loss. Some of the things a speech pathologist might do to help someone with hearing loss include evaluating the person's speech, helping them improve listening skills, and working with them to develop alternative communication strategies.

Vocal Damage

Vocal cords can become damaged in various ways including persistent coughing and voice overuse. A speech pathologist can teach you muscle strengthing and voice rehabilitation excercises and other strategies to help your vocal cords heal (such as cough modification). 

English Language Learners

If you are learning a new language and wish to alter your accent, you may benefit from the services of a speech-language pathologist, as well. They can help you form words and sounds correctly to alter your normal speech in learning a new language.

Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury after a blow to the head or an accident that affects the parts of the brain that control language can also lead to problems with communication. A speech therapist can help someone with this type of injury recover lost speech and language skills.

Swallowing Disorders

Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing. It can be caused by several different medical conditions including muscular problems, a narrowed esophagus, damage caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease, or esophageal cancer. 

Untreated dysphagia can lead to problems eating and drinking including choking. A speech pathologist can help you develop strategies for safe chewing and swallowing, including exercises, correct body position, and food preparation recommendations. 

People with autism can have difficulty with both written and spoken communication as well as body-language forms of communication such as pointing and waving. Autism is also associated with difficulties relating to and socializing with other people. 

A speech pathologist can help people with autism understand communication norms and improve their written and spoken communication skills. They can also work with the families of people with autism on strategies that can help develop communication skills.

Alzheimer's Disease

People with dementia or Alzheimer's disease may develop communication problems as the disease progresses. A speech therapist can help the person develop memory skills and other strategies that will help them communicate.

Speech pathologists also work with the family and caregivers of people with dementia so they can help the person implement communication tools and strategies.   

Fluency Disorders

Fluency disorder describes speech patterns characterized by differences in rate and rhythm compared to how most people speak. 

Stuttering is the most common example of a fluency disorder. Another example is cluttering, which describes speech that is atypically fast and irregular.

Speech pathologists usually develop an individualized treatment plan for someone with a fluency disorder, which may include strategies such as:

• Minimizing negative reactions to the problem
• Increasing the person's acceptance of the problem
• Improving confidence
• Reducing avoidance behavior

Speech Sound Disorders

Speech sound disorders describe problems articulating words. People with speech sound disorders may be hard for others to understand. This can result in problems with social relationships, at work, or at school. 

Speech sound disorders are common in childhood and can be treated with the help of a speech pathologist. The pathologist will look at how the person moves their tongue, lips and jaw and help them learn the correct way to make sounds. 

People with speech sound disorders often have other problems with language; their speech therapist can also help them develop strategies to overcome these problems.

Gender-Affirming Voice Therapy

Voice therapy for transgender people can be an important part of gender-affirming healthcare. Learning to speak in ways that align with gender identity can improve a transgender person's quality of life as well as their social and psychological well-being.

A speech pathologist can help a transgender person learn to modify the pitch of their voice in ways that limit fatigue and damage to the vocal cords. They can also help the person learn nonverbal communication, articulation, and other strategies that can help their voice align with their gender identity.

To be a speech pathologist, a person must have a master's degree in communication disorders from a program accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CAA).

Many undergraduate and graduate programs in speech pathology require time spent observing a speech therapist at work prior to admission. This satisfies the requirement for entry into school and provides a good understanding of what a speech pathologist's job is like.

The first year of work as a speech therapist is called a clinical fellowship year. During this time, aspiring speech pathologists will work under the supervision of a licensed speech pathologist.

Additional steps to becoming a speech pathologist include:

• Obtaining a certificate of clinical competence in SLP (CCC-SLP)
• Passing a national Praxis examination for Speech-Language Pathology
• Applying for SLP licensure in the state in which you will be working

A speech pathologist's education does not end when they leave school and pass the national examination. They must also fulfill continuing education requirements from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) to maintain their license.

When to See a Speech Pathologist

There are certain instances in which you may need to see a speech pathologist. For example, parents commonly notice small speech or language impairments in their children and seek out an SLP.

Adults may want to work with a speech pathologist to help with new or existing communication or language problems.

If you become hospitalized, you may have a speech pathologist come to your room and work with you at your bedside. They can help you with speech and language, swallowing and diet issues, and can work with other members of a rehab team to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for you to return home.

When to see a medical professional

Many speech and language disorders benefit from the help of a speech therapist, but some are more urgent than others. Any sudden onset of impaired speech should be considered an emergency, as the person may be experiencing a life-threatening problem such as a stroke.

Children should be closely monitored for speech and language development. If your child does not have the language skills expected for their age, it is a good idea to see a speech pathologist as soon as you can.

If you or a loved one is having trouble communicating or understanding language, then working with a speech pathologist may be a good idea.

SLPs treat children and adults with a variety of conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, neurological injuries, autism, and more. They are trained to assess your condition and offer strategies to improve your expressive and receptive communication and swallowing function.

Pascoe A, Breen LJ, Cocks N. What is needed to prepare speech pathologists to work in adult palliative care?: What is needed to prepare SPs to work in adult palliative care? .  International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders . 2018;53(3):542-549. doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12367

American Speech Language Hearing Association. Who are speech pathologists, and what do they do? .

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Social communication .

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Speech sound disorders .

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Clinical specialty certification .

Reilly S, Harper M, Goldfeld S. The demand for speech pathology services for children: Do we need more or just different? . J Paediatr Child Health . 2016;52(12):1057-1061. doi:10.1111/jpc.13318

National Aphasia Association. Stroke .

Johns Hopkins Medicine. Aphasia .

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Hearing loss in adults .

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Autism (autism spectrum disorder) .

Alzheimer's Association. Strategies to support changes in memory, language and behavior in the early stages of dementia .

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Fluency disorders .

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Gender-affirming voice therapy advocacy .

SpeechPathologyGraduatePrograms.org. How to become a speech pathologist .

Johns Hopkins Medicine. Identifying speech and language concerns about your child and when should you seek help?  

Salary.com. Speech Pathologist Salary in the United States .

By Brett Sears, PT Brett Sears, PT, MDT, is a physical therapist with over 20 years of experience in orthopedic and hospital-based therapy.

What Does a Speech-Language Pathologist Do?

Industry Advice Healthcare

If you are looking for a career that will enable you to make a real and lasting difference in the lives of others, becoming a speech-language pathologist could be an excellent choice for you. Not only do SLPs help their clients and patients lead more fulfilling lives, but they also earn a substantial salary for their efforts.

To become a speech-language pathologist, you will ultimately need to earn a relevant degree, such as a Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology . Of course, earning an advanced degree will take an investment of time, effort, and money, so it’s only natural to research the field before making such a commitment. 

With this in mind, below, we explore common questions about becoming an SLP, including what a speech-language pathologist is, what they do, where they work, and more. 

Interested in a Speech-Language Pathology Career?

Learn how an SLP degree can give you the skills you need to make a difference in educational and healthcare settings.

What is a speech-language pathologist?

A speech-language pathologist (often abbreviated to SLP ) is a professional trained to be an expert in all aspects of speech and communication. As such, SLPs provide a range of services to their patients and clients. The most well-known of these services revolve around speech (speech sounds, language, literacy, fluency). SLPs also provide a number of services focused on social communication, cognition, and issues related to feeding and swallowing.

Speech-Language Pathologist vs. Speech Therapist

Ultimately, the terms speech-language pathologist, speech pathologist, speech therapist, speech teacher, and speech correctionist can all be used interchangeably to refer to a practicing SLP. However, the terms speech-language pathologist and speech pathologist are most commonly used in professional settings, while the others are more often used informally. 

What do speech-language pathologists do?

Speech-language pathologists perform a range of roles and duties depending on where they are employed and the specific patient populations that they work with. For example, those working in a hospital setting will perform different activities and treatments than those who work in a school or private practice. 

“It really depends on the setting that a speech-language pathologist is working in,” says Lorraine Book , department chair and associate clinical professor of Northeastern’s MS in Speech-Language Pathology program . “That being said, their primary role revolves around the assessment and treatment of speech-language disorders and swallowing disorders.”

SLPs dedicate the majority of their time to:

• Evaluating patients
• Diagnosing disorders, such as speech, communication, language, or swallowing disorders
• Creating individualized treatment plans for their patients
• Implementing treatments and interventions
• Training family members or caregivers to oversee treatment in everyday life
• Collaborating with other medical professionals as needed

While speech-language pathologists are perhaps most well-known for working with children in a school setting, they can—and often do—work with patients of all ages. 

“As an allied health profession, SLPs are trained to treat across the lifespan, which means birth to death,” Book says. 

Conditions Addressed by Speech-Language Pathologists

Because the role of SLP can be so broad, the easiest way to understand it is to explore the specific types of conditions and “problems” that SLPs treat. These include:

• Speech disorders: This category includes any disorder or condition which causes an individual to have difficulty producing sounds. Stuttering, dysarthria, and ataxia of speech can all be considered speech disorders.
• Language disorders: These include any condition which causes an individual difficulty communicating with others. Language disorders include receptive as well as expressive language and can involve spoken or written language. Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics are all involved. 
• Social communication disorders: Individuals with these conditions have difficulty understanding and adhering to the “rules” of social communication, such as taking turns during a conversation or not interrupting others while they are speaking. Those on the autism spectrum or who have experienced traumatic brain injury commonly exhibit issues around social communication.
• Cognitive-communication disorders: These disorders cause individuals to have difficulty remembering, organizing their thoughts, paying attention, or problem-solving. Stroke, dementia, and traumatic brain injury are often common causes. 
• Swallowing disorders: Difficulty feeding and swallowing, known as dysphagia, is common in those who have suffered from a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or certain illnesses or other injuries. 

Speech-Language Pathology Careers

Where do speech-language pathologists work.

Speech-language pathologists can work in any setting where they interact with patients experiencing issues or disorders related to language, speech, or swallowing. Typical workplaces include schools, clinics, private practice, and hospitals, among others. 

How much do speech-language pathologists make?

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), speech-language pathologists earn an average salary of approximately $80,500 per year . The number of SLPs is expected to grow roughly 25 percent from 2019 to 2029, adding more than 40,000 positions. This growth is much faster than the four percent growth expected for all occupations in total over the same timeframe. 

Becoming a Speech-Language Pathologist

If the role described above aligns with your personal and professional goals, then a career as a speech-language pathologist could be the right one for you. In addition to enjoying competitive wages and significant job growth over the coming decade and beyond, you will be able to make a real difference for the individuals that you treat.

To become an SLP, you will first need to earn an undergraduate degree in a related field (such as a BS in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology or a BS in Communication Disorders). You will then need to complete a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology , a Master of Science in Communicative Sciences and Disorders. After completing a post-graduate fellowship, you will then need to pass the national exam in speech-language pathology and apply for licensure in the field in which you wish to practice.

Interested in becoming a Speech-Language Pathologist? Learn more about the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Northeastern University.

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10 Things You May Not Know a Speech-Language Pathologist Treats

August 02, 2019

“Why am I going to speech? I talk just fine!”

When you think of speech therapy, you probably think about children learning to make the correct sounds, like fixing a lisp, but that is only one part of what a speech-language pathologist (SLP) does. SLPs treat disorders that affect the entire communication system, including the brain, mouth, voice box (larynx), and sometimes lungs. In the medical field, we work in outpatient clinics and home health care, at acute and rehab hospitals, and in skilled nursing facilities.

10 things you may not know a speech-language pathologist treats:

1. Swallowing/Dysphagia

SLPs are experts in how the larynx (voice box) and throat muscles work during swallowing. We help identify when food and drinks go the wrong way, suggest easier foods and drinks swallow and provide exercises to make the muscles work better. Our team includes specialists trained in adult and pediatric swallowing therapy, and we offer video swallow studies in conjunction with Radiology (Video Fluoroscopic Swallow Studies/Modified Barium Swallows).

2. Head and Neck Cancer

When radiation is a part of treatment for cancer of the mouth or throat, it can lead to swallowing problems. Our SLPs join together with Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) doctors and the team at the Head and Neck Cancer Clinic with preventative care, treating swallowing difficulties, and providing communication training for people who have had their larynx removed.

3. Strokes, Brain Injury, and Neurological Changes

Following changes to the brain through injury or a disorder, people can have trouble talking, getting their words out, and solving problems. SLPs provide therapy to help people improve their talking, language use, and cognitive and thinking skills. We also offer LSVT LOUD to increase the loudness in one’s voice to help treat voice problems for people with Parkinson’s.

4. Social Skills

Communication isn’t just the words you say, but how you say it. We work with people with language disorders on how to interact with others, including nonverbal communication, implications, and figurative language. This can be helpful after a brain injury or for people with autism .

5. Communication Devices

Some people can’t communicate well by talking, including those who are nonverbal from childhood or those that lose their ability to talk later in life. SLPs teach individuals to use communication systems and/or speech-generating devices so they can communicate with others.

Have you ever lost your voice? Sometimes this is just part of being sick, but it can also signal bigger problems if it goes on for two or more weeks without reason for laryngitis. Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) doctors evaluate the vocal cords and will refer to an SLP if they feel it is beneficial. At Altru, we have a voice specialist who is trained to work with people who use their voices for a living, including singers and performers.

7. Language Development

Children learn to talk by interacting with the adults around them, but some kids need extra help to get started or keep going. Pediatric SLPs provide therapy to infants through high school-age teenagers who have trouble learning language and communicating. SLPs recommend evaluating kids who aren’t talking around 12 months or aren’t using two-word phrases around 24 months.

8. Stuttering*

The field of speech-language pathology initially started with treating stuttering, also call fluency disorders. Stuttering can be short-term in early childhood but maybe lifelong when the child stutters for over 6 months or if it becomes worse. Learning strategies for smoother speech can help people, including adults if they are bothered by having a stutter.

Do you hear what I hear? SLPs provide therapy to children and adults with hearing aids and cochlear implants to learn or relearn how to listen to the speech. Your audiologist can tell you if speech therapy could help you understand speech better.

10. Speech Sounds

SLPs work with kids who have trouble making speech sounds or mix up their sounds. This is what SLPs are best known for. We don’t only work with kids; we can help adults after a stroke or when a neurological problem changes their speech. Adults who have a lisp, trouble with ‘are or want to reduce a foreign accent can work with SLPs, too.*

*Speech services for voice, transgender voice training, stuttering, accent reduction, and selected other services may not be covered by insurance depending on your plan. Please check with your insurance provider. Altru can provide these services electively if they are not covered.

Altru Health System provides outpatient speech, occupational and physical therapy for adults and children at the Altru Performance Center next to Hugo’s on Columbia. Altru also has speech-language pathologists that travel to visit patients throughout our region.

If you need a referral to see a speech-language pathologist , please talk with your primary care provider. If you have questions or would like to schedule an appointment, please call adult speech services at 701.780.2330 or speech pediatric therapy services at 701.780.2477 .

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Graduate program in speech-language pathology receives national ranking, unr med is recognized by u.s. news & world report as one of the top graduate programs in the country.

A speech-pathology student working with a young patient as part of her training. Photo by Brin Reynolds.

The University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine (UNR Med) received recognition from The U.S. News & World Report as offering one of the country’s top graduate programs in Speech-Language Pathology. The program was ranked at #136 of 261 graduate programs nationwide.

“Our undergraduate, master's and Ph.D. programs are supported by dedicated faculty and staff,” shares interim chair Tami Brancamp, Ph.D. “We are proud to serve our communities by providing comprehensive course content and evidence-based clinical education opportunities for our students.”

The U.S. News & World Report 2024 Best Graduate Schools ranks UNR Med’s Speech-Language Pathology program at #136 of 261 programs in the country. The 2024 rankings are scored using survey-based rankings that are based solely on surveys of peer academic leaders. The last ranking of the program was in 2020, when the Speech-Language Pathology program was ranked at #146.

“The need for speech-language pathologists and audiologists continues to grow,” shares Brancamp. “The department and University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine are excited to support the students who are ready for a great career.”

According to U.S. News, highly ranked programs have strong traditional academic foundations based on the excellence of entering students, graduation rates and instructor credentials. The scores reflect the average rating on a scale from 1-5.

The Speech Pathology and Audiology program at UNR Med celebrated 50 years of graduate education in September of 2023.

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19 interesting facts about speech pathology.

Written by Lorenza Mobley

Modified & Updated: 06 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

• Health Science

Speech pathology, also known as speech therapy, is a fascinating field that plays a crucial role in helping individuals overcome communication and swallowing disorders. Speech pathologists are highly trained professionals who work with people of all ages, from young children to the elderly, to diagnose and treat a wide range of speech and language issues. In this article, we’ll explore 19 interesting facts about speech pathology, shedding light on the diverse and impactful nature of this rewarding profession. Whether you’re considering a career in speech pathology, seeking treatment for a speech-related condition, or simply curious about the field, these facts will provide valuable insights into the world of speech therapy.

Key Takeaways:

• Speech Pathology, also known as Speech-Language Pathology, helps people of all ages with speech, language, and swallowing disorders. It involves early intervention, advanced technology, and personalized treatment plans to improve communication and overall well-being.
• Speech Pathology offers diverse career opportunities and plays a vital role in healthcare. It addresses a wide range of conditions, promotes family-centered care, and positively impacts individuals’ lives through improved communication and swallowing abilities.

Speech Pathology is also known as Speech-Language Pathology (SLP).

Speech Pathology is the study and treatment of speech and language problems. Speech pathologists, also known as speech therapists, work with people of all ages to diagnose, evaluate, and treat communication disorders. They help individuals with articulation, fluency, voice, language, and cognitive communication. Speech Pathology encompasses a wide range of services, including assessment, intervention, and advocacy for individuals with communication and swallowing challenges.

Speech Pathology can help individuals with a variety of conditions.

Speech Pathologists can assist individuals with a range of conditions, including developmental delays, autism spectrum disorder, hearing impairment, cognitive impairments, voice disorders, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurological disorders. They also help those with swallowing difficulties, known as dysphagia, which can occur due to various medical conditions.

Speech Pathology services can be provided in various settings.

Speech Pathology services are offered in diverse settings such as schools, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, long-term care facilities, private practices, and research institutions. Speech Pathologists collaborate with multidisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care and support to individuals with communication and swallowing disorders.

Speech Pathology involves the use of various assessment tools and techniques.

Speech Pathologists use a variety of assessment tools and techniques to evaluate speech, language, cognitive-communication, and swallowing disorders. These may include standardized tests, informal assessments, observation, and instrumental assessments such as videofluoroscopy and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).

Speech Pathology plays a crucial role in early intervention.

Early intervention by Speech Pathologists is vital for children with speech and language delays. Identifying and addressing communication challenges at an early age can significantly impact a child’s overall development and academic success.

Speech Pathology involves the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices.

For individuals with severe communication impairments, Speech Pathologists may introduce augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. These devices can range from picture communication boards to sophisticated electronic communication aids, enabling individuals to express themselves effectively.

Speech Pathology is a dynamic field that incorporates ongoing research and technological advancements.

Advancements in technology and research continually influence the practice of Speech Pathology. Speech Pathologists stay updated with the latest evidence-based practices and utilize innovative technologies to enhance assessment and treatment methods.

Speech Pathologists play a critical role in voice rehabilitation.

Speech Pathologists assist individuals with voice disorders, providing therapy to improve vocal quality, resonance, and overall vocal function. They work with clients to develop healthy vocal habits and prevent vocal strain and injury.

Speech Pathology addresses social communication difficulties.

Individuals with social communication difficulties, such as challenges in understanding and using verbal and nonverbal language in social interactions, can benefit from the expertise of Speech Pathologists. These professionals help individuals navigate the complexities of social communication effectively.

Speech Pathology is essential for individuals with swallowing disorders.

Speech Pathologists play a crucial role in the evaluation and management of swallowing disorders (dysphagia). They collaborate with medical teams to develop safe swallowing strategies and recommend appropriate diets to ensure individuals can consume food and liquids safely.

Speech Pathology can improve cognitive-communication skills.

Speech Pathologists address cognitive-communication impairments, including difficulties with attention, memory, problem-solving, and executive functions. They employ various strategies to enhance cognitive-communication abilities, promoting independence and functional communication.

Speech Pathology promotes literacy and language development.

Speech Pathologists support language development and literacy skills in children and adults. They work with individuals to enhance vocabulary, grammar, comprehension, and written expression, fostering effective communication and literacy proficiency.

Speech Pathology involves individualized treatment plans.

Speech Pathologists develop personalized treatment plans tailored to each individual’s unique needs and goals. These plans encompass a range of therapeutic activities and exercises designed to improve communication and swallowing function.

Speech Pathology plays a key role in the management of stuttering.

Speech Pathologists specialize in the assessment and treatment of fluency disorders, including stuttering. They utilize evidence-based techniques to enhance fluency and reduce the impact of stuttering on an individual’s communication.

Speech Pathology addresses communication challenges in multicultural populations.

Speech Pathologists recognize and respect cultural and linguistic diversity when working with individuals from various backgrounds. They adapt assessment and intervention approaches to align with the cultural and linguistic preferences of their clients.

Speech Pathology emphasizes family-centered care.

Speech Pathologists involve families and caregivers in the therapeutic process, providing education and support to promote carryover of communication and swallowing strategies in home and community settings.

Speech Pathology is an evolving profession with diverse career opportunities.

Speech Pathology offers a range of career paths, including clinical practice, research, academia, administration, and advocacy. Professionals in this field contribute to enhancing the quality of life for individuals with communication and swallowing disorders.

Speech Pathology is a rewarding profession that positively impacts individuals’ lives.

Speech Pathologists witness the transformative power of improved communication and swallowing abilities in their clients, making a profound difference in their overall well-being and quality of life.

Speech Pathology is a vital component of comprehensive healthcare services.

Speech Pathology is an integral part of healthcare services, addressing the communication and swallowing needs of individuals across the lifespan. The expertise of Speech Pathologists contributes to holistic and patient-centered care in various healthcare settings.

Speech pathology is a fascinating and essential field that plays a crucial role in helping individuals overcome communication challenges. By providing therapy and support, speech pathologists enable people to improve their speech, language, and swallowing abilities, enhancing their quality of life. With a deep understanding of the complexities of human communication and the skills to address a wide range of speech and language disorders, speech pathologists make a significant impact on the lives of their clients. As the demand for speech pathology services continues to grow, it’s clear that this profession will remain vital in promoting effective communication and overall well-being for individuals of all ages.

What is speech pathology?

Speech pathology, also known as speech-language pathology, is a field focused on diagnosing and treating communication and swallowing disorders. Speech pathologists work with individuals of all ages to address speech, language, and cognitive-communication challenges.

What conditions do speech pathologists treat?

Speech pathologists treat a wide range of conditions, including speech sound disorders, language disorders, fluency disorders, voice disorders, cognitive-communication disorders, and swallowing disorders.

What education is required to become a speech pathologist ?

To become a speech pathologist, one must complete a master’s degree in speech-language pathology from an accredited program, along with supervised clinical experience. Additionally, obtaining a state license and certification from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) is typically required.

What settings do speech pathologists work in?

Speech pathologists work in various settings, including schools, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, private practices, research institutions, and skilled nursing facilities, providing services to individuals with communication and swallowing disorders.

How can I pursue a career in speech pathology?

Individuals interested in pursuing a career in speech pathology should seek a bachelor’s degree in a related field, complete a master’s degree in speech-language pathology, gain clinical experience, and obtain the necessary licensure and certification to practice as a speech pathologist.

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American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology

Editors-in-Chief: Erinn Finke, PhD, CCC-SLP, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Rita R. Patel, PhD, CCC-SLP, Indiana University Bloomington

Journal citation reports ™ impact factor.

2.6 (2022) 2.9 (5-year)

AJSLP  publishes peer-reviewed research and other scholarly articles on all aspects of clinical practice in speech-language pathology. The journal is an international outlet for clinical research pertaining to screening, detection, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of communication and swallowing disorders across the lifespan as well as the etiologies and characteristics of these disorders. Because of its clinical orientation, the journal disseminates research findings applicable to diverse aspects of clinical practice in speech-language pathology.  AJSLP  seeks to advance evidence-based practice by disseminating the results of new studies as well as providing a forum for critical reviews and meta-analyses of previously published work.

The broad field of speech-language pathology, including aphasia; apraxia of speech and childhood apraxia of speech; aural rehabilitation; augmentative and alternative communication; cognitive impairment; craniofacial disorders; dysarthria; fluency disorders; language disorders in children; speech sound disorders; swallowing, dysphagia, and feeding disorders; and voice disorders.

Publication Frequency

AJSLP  is continuously published, with articles added to the Newly Published section of the website as they complete production. The journal also publishes issues on a bimonthly basis in January, March, May, July, September, and November, as well as special issues on an ad hoc basis at other times throughout the year.

Manuscript Types

Research article.

A research article is a full-length article presenting important new research results. Research articles include an abstract, introduction, methods and results sections, discussion, and relevant citations.

Suggested Maximum Length: 40 manuscript pages including citations, tables, and figures (supplemental materials not included in length guidelines).

Research Note

A research note is a brief manuscript presenting pilot, preliminary, and/or exploratory findings or a new method for the collection or analysis of data. Includes a short abstract and introductory paragraph. The scientific findings should be explained and documented concisely. 

Suggested Maximum Length:  20 manuscript pages including citations, tables, and figures (supplemental materials not included in length guidelines).

Review Article

“Review Article” is an umbrella term covering systematic reviews (with or without meta-analyses), historical reviews of a body of research, description of an author’s programmatic research, and possibly other types of reviews. Reviews can be a comprehensive overview, or they can be focused on a narrow body of research. Reviews should be accessible to knowledgeable readers not expert in the subject area. They should be prepared with the same rigor as a research article reporting specific results.

Clinical Focus

A clinical focus is an article that may be of primary clinical interest but may not have a traditional research format. Case studies, descriptions of clinical programs, and innovative clinical services and activities are among the possibilities

Suggested Maximum Length:  40 manuscript pages including citations, tables, and figures (supplemental materials not included in length guidelines).

A tutorial is an educational exposition covering recent literature on topics of interest to clinicians and other scholars

Technical Report

A technical report is a brief article describing a pretrial feasibility or pilot efficacy study that addresses important clinical questions (i.e., whom to treat with a given technology, when to treat, and for how long).

Suggested Maximum Length:  30 manuscript pages including citations, tables, and figures (supplemental materials not included in length guidelines).

A viewpoint includes scholarly based opinion(s) on an issue of clinical relevance that currently may be neglected, controversial, or related to future legislation, or could serve to update the readership on current thinking in an area.

Suggested Maximum Length:  10 manuscript pages including citations, tables, and figures (supplemental materials not included in length guidelines).

A commentary is a short, timely article that spotlights current issues of direct interest to the communication sciences and disorders community. Commentary articles are often extensions or reactions to positions put forward in viewpoint articles. 

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Speech-Language Pathology (5331)

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The Speech-Language Pathology test measures knowledge important for independent practice as a speechlanguage pathologist in all primary employment settings, including schools, hospitals, clinics, private practice, etc. The test is typically taken by those who are in or who have completed a master's degree program.  Recognized as the national examination in speech-language pathology, it is the only test that meets the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA's) certification standard. The Speech-Language Pathology test is one of several requirements for ASHA's credential, the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP).

Policy Update Notice (Posted March 2024) Starting June 1, 2024, for any test taker attempting Speech-Language Pathology (5331) or Audiology (5343) via live remote proctoring (LRP) (i.e. At-Home Testing), no breaks, whether scheduled or unscheduled are permitted. Any test taker taking an unscheduled break during an LRP session will immediately invalidate their test, not be eligible for a refund and must wait twenty-eight (28) days before their next attempt. Breaks that abide by the exam and test center policies (including those pursuant to a test taker's approved accommodation) will continue to be permitted at in-person test centers. Please refer to the study companion and Praxis Information Bulletin for further details. 

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Description

• Support the Clinical Centers
• New Clients

Speech-Language Pathology

Communication is an essential skill and one that develops across a person’s lifespan. The Speech-Language Pathology services at the Loyola Clinical Centers take a step-by-step approach to assess and treat a variety of communication disorders in children and adults.

Working with graduate student practitioners and professional clinicians at the LCC, clients receive assessments, as well as either one-on-one or group therapy sessions—or both—tailored to their individual speech and language needs. With clearly stated and mapped-out objectives, practitioners work with clients to help them reach their goals.

At the LCC, we take a family-centered and client-centered approach to intervention, working with the client and his/her parents, siblings, extended family, and/or spouses. Family members are encouraged to participate in therapy sessions and will have opportunities to observe as well as speak with the clinicians in order to help carryover skills from the LCC to other environments.

Voice Services now available at the LCC

The Loyola Clinical Centers offers comprehensive and client-centered treatment. The LCC offers services for adults and children who seek voice and communication training. With vocal health of utmost priority, services provided include adjustment of pitch, volume, intonation, voice quality, resonance, fluency, articulation, and communication style. Speech-Language Pathologists, who specialize in voice assessment and treatment, work collaboratively with an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physician to provide comprehensive care. Along with evaluating and treating a variety of voice disorders, the LCC aims to be a community-based resource that offers a safe and supportive setting for all individuals along the gender spectrum as they explore voice and communication changes that more fully align with their gender identity and/or expression.  We also offer specialized voice therapy services targeting optimal vocal health and function for professional voice users, singers, and performers. 

People who seek speech-language services typically have these kinds of concerns:

• Delayed speech and/or language development
• Difficulty pronouncing specific sounds or being understood by others
• Phonological disorders
• Concerns regarding fluency
• Difficulty understanding language, both verbally and in written form
• Difficulty using language to communicate
• Pragmatic language disorders
• Foreign Accent reduction
• Voice disorders
• Resonance disorders
• Cognitive communication disorders
• Auditory processing
• Aural Rehabilitation

The LCC does not provide assessment or intervention for swallowing disorders/dysphagia.

Hear from clients first-hand

Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology Services

The LCC provides service in the following assessment and treatment areas:

Fee Comparison Chart

*Sliding scale fees are available for those with financial need. Review sliding scale fee info/page/section for more information.

Andrea Atticks, M.A., CCC-SLP Division Director, Speech Language Pathology & Audiology [email protected]

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SDSU Speech-Language Pathology graduate program soars to 12th nationally

Several SDSU programs improved in year-over-year rankings demonstrating the university's growing competitive nature.

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usSan Diego State University’s master’s degree program in speech-language pathology is No. 12 in the nation and the College of Education is No. 48, according to new rankings of graduate schools by U.S. News & World Report.

Released Tuesday , both numbers improve upon the most recent previous rankings for those programs. The speech-language pathology program climbed up from its last highest ranking in 2020 at No. 25, and the ranking for the College of Education is one slot higher than the program’s best placement set last year.

Ignatius Nip , director of the SDSU School of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences said the M.A. program stands out in several ways.

“We have emphasized training all speech-language pathologists (SLPs) on how to assess and treat speech, language, and communication disorders in people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds,” Nip said.

“We also have strong relationships and collaborations with the greater San Diego community which provides our students with ample opportunities to gain clinical experience in a wide range of settings,” he added. 

The program’s partnerships include local public schools, acute care hospitals, medical outpatient facilities and private practice. 

U.S. News publishes rankings in some categories of college education annually; others are issued on an irregular basis.

The No. 48 position for the College of Education is its highest ever from U.S. News.

"The steady ascent of our college in recent years is very gratifying, but it comes as no surprise," said Y. Barry Chung , dean of the College of Education. “Our reputation for teaching, research and community impact has been well known here in the San Diego region for decades. I'm delighted the secret now seems to be out among our national peers, as well."

The part-time MBA program in the Fowler College of Business is No. 53, matching the ranking it received in 2021 and 15 steps higher than last year. 

Among other SDSU graduate school rankings of note for 2024:

The School of Public Health is No. 29 in the nation, audiology is No. 30 and physical therapy is No. 53. 

The nursing program, in the College of Health and Human Services is listed at No. 55, its highest ranking in at least five years. The social work program is No. 51.

“Over the last three years, the School of Nursing has made concerted efforts to address the national nursing shortage by expanding our pre-licensure, ADN to BSN, and graduate programs to meet the nursing workforce needs of San Diego and Imperial Counties,” said Karen Macauley , professor and director of the school.  

The school “has been fortunate to secure significant state and federal funding to conduct nursing research and develop pipelines into our Bachelor's and Graduate Nursing programs,” she said. 

Macauley added: “We have committed to inspire compassionate, ethical and visionary nurse leaders and achieve excellence and innovation in nursing education, practice, and research while advancing the health and well-being of individuals, families and communities.”

Jeff Ristine, Peggy Pico and Michael Klitzing contributed to this article. This article will be updated to include rankings for the SDSU/University of California San Diego joint doctoral program in clinical psychology upon publication by U.S. News, which were delayed.

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• Nine SDSU students honored with 2024 Quest for the Best award
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New Major Reflects Growth in Speech-Language Pathology

Communication Sciences & Disorders program prepares students for graduate school in the fields of communication science disorders, speech-language pathology and audiology.

Do you think you know what a speech pathologist does?

You may be surprised.

The professional helping a premature baby learn crucial sucking and feeding skills in a neonatal nursery?

Speech pathologist.

What about the one working with individuals battling vocal cord cancer to regain the ability to speak? That’s a speech pathologist too.

Or how about the member of a rehab facility’s care team helping a stroke patient relearn how to swallow? You guessed it — speech pathologist.

“There’s a great need for speech pathologists, and it continues to grow,” said Robin Goldberg, director of Stonehill’s new Communication Sciences & Disorders major , which will debut in the fall. “We cover the full lifespan in the services we provide for people. There’s so much diversity in the field, which makes it very exciting.”

That growth is only accelerating. According to the latest projections from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, job opportunities in the speech-language pathology field were expected to grow by 29% from 2020 to 2030.

And there’s more exciting data for future speech-language pathologists: U.S. News & World Report named the field as the No. 10 career choice on its list of the best 100 jobs .

In Stonehill’s Communication Sciences & Disorders curriculum, students learn about topics such as speech and hearing science, audiology, phonetics, and speech and language development, along with core courses in topics such as biology, chemistry and physics.

The major builds on the success of Stonehill’s speech-pathology minor, which was introduced at the College in 2017. The development of the minor was student-driven, making it just one of the latest examples of Stonehill’s commitment to developing academic programs that are responsive to student interests and market demands.

“I believe that one of the main reasons I was able to get into UNC Chapel Hill was because of the opportunities I was given at Stonehill college,” said Lorraine Smith ’17, who earned her master’s degree in speech and hearing sciences in the nationally renowned University of North Carolina Chapel Hill program. “I am proud to say that I graduated from Stonehill not just because of the academics but also because of the people that never stopped supporting me in all my academic endeavors.  

“The minor was a great experience,” adds graduate Grace LeBlanc ’19, who also earned a bachelor’s degree in psychology, and now works as a speech-language pathologist for students ages 11 to 22 at the May Center School for Autism and Developmental Disabilities in Randolph, Massachusetts. In this role, she partners with teachers and staff to implement individual student goals in the classroom, conducts social groups to help students learn new skills for interacting with others, and assists the students in developing self-advocacy skills as well as techniques for managing their own learning devices and other aids. 

LeBlanc continued: “I loved that we had professors who were working in the field at the time too. It helped me gain perspective regarding what a career in speech-language pathology could be, and the confidence I could do it.”

Renaming the program from speech pathology to its current title is yet another change that more accurately reflects the range of career options students can pursue after graduation.

Susan Gibbons, instructor of Speech Language Pathology at Stonehill, works with students in the program.

“The field has become broader,” said Goldberg. “We work with people who have hearing loss, experience feeding and swallowing disorders, are nonverbal, or who may need adaptive communication devices. It’s not just about speech and language, but communication as a whole.”

Another standout feature of Stonehill’s program is the strong relationships it has built with real-world employers, offering students a breadth of internship opportunities. Current student Kelly McCormick ’24 completed an internship at Village Speech in Stonehill’s hometown of Easton. The private practice is owned by Karen Howe, an instructor at the college. 

“My internship confirmed for me that I’m going into the right field,” said McCormick. “We learned about the different assessments we would use, how to conduct a session and how to counsel families. I’ve observed a speech-language pathologist before, but it was a highlight to do it in this setting.”

Post-graduation, many students in Stonehill’s program have pursued graduate degrees at leading schools such as Boston University, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Northeastern University, Northwestern University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 

“You need 25 observation hours for graduate school programs, which I was able to complete through my internship,” said psychology major Molli McNeil’19, who interned at Let’s Talk in Easton, a private practice owned by Stonehill alum Amy Mello ’06. “The opportunity to watch a speech-language pathologist doing their job, and seeing what I could do if I pursued a graduate degree, was really helpful to me.”

That path led to McNeil’s current career as a speech-language pathologist for Quincy Public Schools in Quincy, Massachusetts, where she serves at two different elementary schools, teaching language and communication skills to students in kindergarten through fifth grade, and supports children learning in both regular and special needs classrooms. 

According to Goldberg, one of the biggest benefits to a speech-language career is how rewarding it can be for the patient and practitioner alike. 

“It’s extremely fulfilling to be part of other people’s growth and development,” she said. “By working on their communication skills, we get to see them blossom as human beings.

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Speech Language Pathologist Needed! | 2024-2025| New Braunfels, TX |

Job posting for speech language pathologist needed | 2024-2025| new braunfels, tx | at procare therapy.

ProCare Therapy is seeking a skilled and enthusiastic Speech Language Pathologist to join our team. The SLP will work with students to diagnose and treat communication and speech disorders in a school setting. The ideal candidate will have a passion for helping students develop their communication skills and thrive academically and socially. Come join us in New Braunfels, TX! Description:

• 4 hours per week
• Caseload: 1 student
• Senior in HS
• specific to just therapy implementation and collaboration with other providers

Qualifications:

• Master's degree in Speech Language Pathology or Communication Disorders
• Current state licensure
• Experience working with school-aged children with communication disorders
• Excellent communication and interpersonal skills
• Ability to work collaboratively with teachers, parents, and other professionals
• Dedication to providing evidence-based practice and upholding ethical standards

We offer a competitive salary, benefits package, and a supportive work environment. If you are a motivated and enthusiastic Speech Language Pathologist who is passionate about helping students succeed, we encourage you to apply. Harlem Johnson Account Executive (770) 225-3191

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