essay use in simple sentence

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• 40 Useful Words and Phrases for Top-Notch Essays

To be truly brilliant, an essay needs to utilise the right language. You could make a great point, but if it’s not intelligently articulated, you almost needn’t have bothered.

Developing the language skills to build an argument and to write persuasively is crucial if you’re to write outstanding essays every time. In this article, we’re going to equip you with the words and phrases you need to write a top-notch essay, along with examples of how to utilise them.

It’s by no means an exhaustive list, and there will often be other ways of using the words and phrases we describe that we won’t have room to include, but there should be more than enough below to help you make an instant improvement to your essay-writing skills.

If you’re interested in developing your language and persuasive skills, Oxford Royale offers summer courses at its Oxford Summer School , Cambridge Summer School , London Summer School , San Francisco Summer School and Yale Summer School . You can study courses to learn english , prepare for careers in law , medicine , business , engineering and leadership.

General explaining

Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of complex points.

1. In order to

Usage: “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an argument. Example: “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”

2. In other words

Usage: Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different way (more simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point. Example: “Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.”

3. To put it another way

Usage: This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and can be used in particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of wording a problem may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance. Example: “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the sun.”

4. That is to say

Usage: “That is” and “that is to say” can be used to add further detail to your explanation, or to be more precise. Example: “Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”

5. To that end

Usage: Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”. Example: “Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at elephant sounds and their possible meanings.”

Adding additional information to support a point

Students often make the mistake of using synonyms of “and” each time they want to add further information in support of a point they’re making, or to build an argument. Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.

6. Moreover

Usage: Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in support of a point you’re making. Example: “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…”

7. Furthermore

Usage:This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to add extra information. Example: “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”

8. What’s more

Usage: This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”. Example: “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.”

9. Likewise

Usage: Use “likewise” when you want to talk about something that agrees with what you’ve just mentioned. Example: “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this point of view.”

10. Similarly

Usage: Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”. Example: “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to what they were used to. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.”

11. Another key thing to remember

Usage: Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”. Example: “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.”

12. As well as

Usage: Use “as well as” instead of “also” or “and”. Example: “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”

13. Not only… but also

Usage: This wording is used to add an extra piece of information, often something that’s in some way more surprising or unexpected than the first piece of information. Example: “Not only did Edmund Hillary have the honour of being the first to reach the summit of Everest, but he was also appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.”

14. Coupled with

Usage: Used when considering two or more arguments at a time. Example: “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…”

15. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…

Usage: This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one after the other. Example: “There are many points in support of this view. Firstly, X. Secondly, Y. And thirdly, Z.

16. Not to mention/to say nothing of

Usage: “Not to mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information with a bit of emphasis. Example: “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.”

Words and phrases for demonstrating contrast

When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”. This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting.

17. However

Usage: Use “however” to introduce a point that disagrees with what you’ve just said. Example: “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.”

18. On the other hand

Usage: Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something else, or an opposing opinion. Example: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”

19. Having said that

Usage: Used in a similar manner to “on the other hand” or “but”. Example: “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that this version of events must be an accurate account. Having said that, the archaeology tells a different story.”

20. By contrast/in comparison

Usage: Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and contrasting pieces of evidence. Example: “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”

21. Then again

Usage: Use this to cast doubt on an assertion. Example: “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”

22. That said

Usage: This is used in the same way as “then again”. Example: “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much of the evidence is unreliable at best.”

Usage: Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea. Example: “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence. Yet not everyone agrees that this is the most important aspect of the situation.”

Adding a proviso or acknowledging reservations

Sometimes, you may need to acknowledge a shortfalling in a piece of evidence, or add a proviso. Here are some ways of doing so.

24. Despite this

Usage: Use “despite this” or “in spite of this” when you want to outline a point that stands regardless of a shortfalling in the evidence. Example: “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite this.”

25. With this in mind

Usage: Use this when you want your reader to consider a point in the knowledge of something else. Example: “We’ve seen that the methods used in the 19th century study did not always live up to the rigorous standards expected in scientific research today, which makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions. With this in mind, let’s look at a more recent study to see how the results compare.”

26. Provided that

Usage: This means “on condition that”. You can also say “providing that” or just “providing” to mean the same thing. Example: “We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear in mind the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.”

27. In view of/in light of

Usage: These phrases are used when something has shed light on something else. Example: “In light of the evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better understanding of…”

28. Nonetheless

Usage: This is similar to “despite this”. Example: “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking for its day.”

29. Nevertheless

Usage: This is the same as “nonetheless”. Example: “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.”

30. Notwithstanding

Usage: This is another way of saying “nonetheless”. Example: “Notwithstanding the limitations of the methodology used, it was an important study in the development of how we view the workings of the human mind.”

Giving examples

Good essays always back up points with examples, but it’s going to get boring if you use the expression “for example” every time. Here are a couple of other ways of saying the same thing.

31. For instance

Example: “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates. Swallows, for instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south…”

32. To give an illustration

Example: “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of…”

Signifying importance

When you want to demonstrate that a point is particularly important, there are several ways of highlighting it as such.

33. Significantly

Usage: Used to introduce a point that is loaded with meaning that might not be immediately apparent. Example: “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of gossip prevalent in Suetonius’ accounts of the same period.”

34. Notably

Usage: This can be used to mean “significantly” (as above), and it can also be used interchangeably with “in particular” (the example below demonstrates the first of these ways of using it). Example: “Actual figures are notably absent from Scholar A’s analysis.”

35. Importantly

Usage: Use “importantly” interchangeably with “significantly”. Example: “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by X when he wrote this work, and was presumably therefore under pressure to portray the situation more favourably than he perhaps might otherwise have done.”

Summarising

You’ve almost made it to the end of the essay, but your work isn’t over yet. You need to end by wrapping up everything you’ve talked about, showing that you’ve considered the arguments on both sides and reached the most likely conclusion. Here are some words and phrases to help you.

36. In conclusion

Usage: Typically used to introduce the concluding paragraph or sentence of an essay, summarising what you’ve discussed in a broad overview. Example: “In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.”

37. Above all

Usage: Used to signify what you believe to be the most significant point, and the main takeaway from the essay. Example: “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…”

38. Persuasive

Usage: This is a useful word to use when summarising which argument you find most convincing. Example: “Scholar A’s point – that Constanze Mozart was motivated by financial gain – seems to me to be the most persuasive argument for her actions following Mozart’s death.”

39. Compelling

Usage: Use in the same way as “persuasive” above. Example: “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.”

40. All things considered

Usage: This means “taking everything into account”. Example: “All things considered, it seems reasonable to assume that…”

How many of these words and phrases will you get into your next essay? And are any of your favourite essay terms missing from our list? Let us know in the comments below, or get in touch here to find out more about courses that can help you with your essays.

At Oxford Royale Academy, we offer a number of  summer school courses for young people who are keen to improve their essay writing skills. Click here to apply for one of our courses today, including law , business , medicine  and engineering .

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Home ➔ How to Write an Essay ➔ Words to Use in an Essay ➔ Sentence Starters

Sentence Starters for Essays

A sentence starter is simply a word or a phrase that will help you to get your sentence going when you feel stuck, and it can be helpful in many different situations. A good sentence starter can help you better transition from one paragraph to another or connect two ideas. If not started correctly, your sentence will likely sound choppy, and your reader might not be able to follow your thoughts.

Below, we will explain when sentence starters for essays are used and what types of them exist. We will then give you plenty of examples of sentence-starter words and phrases that you can use in your writing.

Note: To learn more about word choice in academic writing, you can read our guide: Words to Use in an Essay

Why you need good sentence starters

In academic writing, sentence starters are usually used to connect one idea to another. Sentence starters make your essay coherent as they are often used to transition from one paragraph to another. In other words, they glue your writing together so that it makes sense and is easy to read.

You can also use sentence starters inside paragraphs. This will help you to better transition from one idea to another. It can make your writing flow better and sound more unified if done correctly.

When sentence starters are used

You don’t have to use them in every sentence, but they can be helpful if you feel like your ideas are choppy or you want to connect two thoughts. If overused, sentence starters can make your writing sound repetitive and distracting to the reader.

Here’s a list of cases where you should consider using sentence starters:

• To transition from one paragraph or section of your writing to another
• To introduce a new idea at the start of your essay or paragraph
• To start the final paragraph and conclude the entire essay
• To emphasize something important
• To create a hook and grab your reader’s attention
• To clarify something or give brief background information

These are just some common situations for using sentence starters, and this list is not definitive. If you can’t decide whether or not to use a sentence starter, it’s usually best to err on the side of not using one. If your paragraph flows nicely, don’t overthink it and move on with your essay writing .

What are the different types of sentence starters?

Sentence starters vary based on what you want to achieve in the sentence you’re starting. Here are some of the most common purposes that define what sentence starter you need to apply, along with some examples.

Starters for hooks

If you want to grab your reader’s attention in the first paragraph and make them want to read your essay, you need to use introduction sentence starters that are attention-grabbing and interesting. Some common sentence starters for essay hooks are:

• Did you know that… (for a fact)
• When I was… (for an anecdote)
• Just as… (for an analogy)
• According to… (for a statistic)

Starters to start a thesis statement

The thesis statement is the main idea of your essay. It’s what you want to prove or argue in your essay. You will need to use sentence starters that introduce your essay topic in a clear and concise way. For example:

• This essay will discuss…
• The purpose of this essay is to…
• In this essay, I will argue that…
• In my opinion…
• I think that…

Starters for topic sentences

A topic sentence is the first sentence at the beginning of each body paragraph that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. You will want to use body paragraph starters that state the main idea of the paragraph in a clear and concise way. Some specific examples:

• One reason why…
• The most important thing to remember is that…
• Another important factor to consider is…
• The first thing to note is that…
• It’s important to remember that…
• Besides the previous point,…

Starters for concluding

When you’re concluding your essay , you need to use conclusion sentence starters that emphasize the main points of your argument and leave your reader with a strong impression. Here are some examples:

• In conclusion,…
• To sum up,…
• Overall,…
• To conclude,…
• Finally,…
• In the final analysis,…

Starters for lists

If you’re listing ideas or items, you will want to use sentence starters that introduce each item clearly. Some common list starters are:

• The first…
• The second…
• Thirdly,…
• Next,…
• Lastly,…

Starters for comparing and contrasting

If you’re writing an essay that compares and contrasts two or more things, you will need to use sentence starters that introduce each item you’re discussing and emphasize the similarities and/or differences. For example:

• Similarly,…
• However,…
• In contrast to…
• On the other hand,…
• Compared to…
• Despite the fact that…

Starters for elaborating

If you want to elaborate on an idea, you need to use sentence starters that introduce the detail you’re going to include and how it relates to the main idea. Some common starters for elaborating are:

• For example,…
• In other words,…
• That is to say,…
• To elaborate,…
• Another way to put it would be…
• To put it more simply,…

Starters for giving background information

If you want to give some brief background information in your essay, you need to use sentence starters that introduce the information and explain why it’s relevant. For example:

• As previously mentioned,…
• As everyone knows,…
• In today’s society,…

Starters for giving an example

If you want to give an example in your essay, you need to use sentence starters that introduce the example and explain how it supports your argument. For example:

• For instance,…
• To illustrate,…
• Thus,…
• In this case,…

Starters for introducing a quotation

If you want to include a quotation in your essay, you need to use sentence starters that introduce the quotation and explain its relevance. Some examples:

• As John Doe said,…
• According to Jane Doe,…
• As the old saying goes,…
• In Jane Doe’s words,…
• To put it another way,…

Starters for introducing evidence

If you want to include evidence in your essay, you need to use sentence starters that introduce the evidence and explain its relevance. For example:

• The data shows that…
• This proves that…
• This suggests that…
• The evidence indicates that…

Starters for bridging

If you want to create a bridge sentence between two paragraphs, you need to use sentence starters that introduce the second paragraph and explain how it relates to the first. For example:

• This leads to the question,…
• This raises the issue,…
• Another important point to consider is…
• This brings us to the question of…

Starters to show causation

If you want to show causation in your essay, you need to use sentence starters that introduce the cause and explain its relationship to the effect. For example:

• Because of this,…
• As a result,…
• Consequently,…
• Due to the fact that…
• Therefore,…

Starters to emphasize a point

If you want to emphasize a point in your essay, you need to use sentence starters that draw attention to the point and make it clear why it’s important. Examples of sentence starters to add emphasis:

• Importantly,…
• Significantly,…

Starters to express doubt

If you want to express doubt about an idea in your essay, you need to use sentence starters that make it clear you’re not certain and explain why you have doubts. For example:

• It’s possible that…
• It’s uncertain whether…
• Some people might argue that…
• There is evidence to suggest that…
• Although it is debatable,…
• It might be the case that…

Key takeaways

• Sentence starters are especially important in academic writing because they can help you make complex arguments and express yourself clearly.
• There are many different types of sentence starters, each with its own purpose.
• You need to choose the right sentence starter for the specific task you’re writing about.
• When in doubt, err on the side of caution and choose a simpler sentence starter.

Now that you know the different types of sentence starters and how to use them effectively, you’ll be able to write clear, concise, and well-organized essays.

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Simple Sentence: Examples, Functions & Power in Writing

• April 1, 2024

Dr. Marvin L. Smith

Want to Write Clearly?

Do you want to write sentences that are easy to understand and get your point across? The simple sentence is the answer.

But don’t think simple means boring. Mastering simple sentences can take your writing to the next level. Whether you’re a student or someone who wants to write better, this guide can help.

Let’s get started and learn how simple sentences can make your writing great!

What is a Simple Sentence?

A simple sentence consists of just one independent clause. This means it has a subject and a predicate that express a complete thought.

The subject is a noun or pronoun that performs the action. The predicate includes a verb and may have objects or modifiers.

Simple sentences are characterized by their straightforward structure. 

Simple sentences are easy to understand because they have a straightforward structure. They communicate a single idea clearly and concisely.

Even though they’re called simple, these sentences can vary in length and complexity, as long as they maintain the core structure of one independent clause.

Examples of Simple Sentences

To illustrate the concept of simple sentences, consider these diverse examples :

• The cat sleeps.
• John and Mary studied for hours.
• The old car broke down on the highway.
• She quickly ran to catch the bus.
• The talented musician played three instruments simultaneously.

These examples demonstrate that simple sentences can:

• Be very short (Example 1) or relatively long (Example 5)
• Have compound subjects (Example 2)
• Include adjectives and adverbs (Examples 3 and 4)
• Contain prepositional phrases (Example 3)

What is the function of a simple sentence?

Simple sentences serve several crucial functions in language and communication:

• Clarity of Expression

Simple sentences excel at conveying a single, clear idea. Their straightforward structure allows writers and speakers to express thoughts without ambiguity. This clarity is especially helpful when you need to share important information or main points that you want people to remember.

• Emphasis and Impact

Simple sentences can make a big impact because they are short and to the point. When you put a simple sentence among more complicated ones, it can help draw attention to an important idea. Authors often use short, simple sentences in their writing to create suspense or highlight key moments in a story.

• Pacing in Writing

Simple sentences help control the pace of writing. Using several simple sentences in a row can create a fast-paced and exciting rhythm. This is helpful when you’re writing about action or trying to build excitement. Mixing simple sentences with more complicated ones can give readers a quick break and make your writing easier to understand.

• Foundation for Language Learning

For those learning a new language, simple sentences are fundamental. They provide a basic structure that learners can master before moving on to more complex constructions. This makes them invaluable in language education and acquisition.

• Effective Communication in Various Contexts

People prefer simple sentences because they are clear and easy to understand. This is especially true in science and business writing. Simple sentences help break down big ideas into smaller, straightforward statements that are easy to grasp.

• Versatility in Conveying Information

Despite their basic structure, simple sentences can convey a wide range of information. They can express actions, states of being, opinions, facts, and more, making them versatile tools in communication.

• Cognitive Processing

Our brains can understand simple sentences more easily. This is helpful when we’re learning new or tricky things. Simple sentences make it easier for us to take in and remember new ideas.

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How to write a simple sentence? 

Writing a simple sentence is a fundamental skill in language composition. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you construct effective simple sentences:

• Identify the Subject

Begin by determining who or what your sentence is about. This is your subject, and it’s typically a noun or pronoun. For example:

• The old computer
• Choose a Verb

Select an action or state of being for your subject. This is your predicate verb. It tells what the subject does or is. For instance:

• malfunctioned
• Combine Subject and Verb

Put the subject and verb together to form the core of your simple sentence:

• The dog barks.
• She laughs.
• The old computer malfunctioned.
• Add Modifiers (Optional)

While not necessary for a simple sentence, you can include modifiers to provide more information. These can be adjectives, adverbs, or prepositional phrases:

• The excited dog barks loudly.
• She laughs heartily at the joke.
• The old computer in the office malfunctioned yesterday.
• Check for Completeness

Ensure your sentence expresses a complete thought. It should make sense on its own and not leave the reader expecting more information.

• Verify It’s One Independent Clause

Remember, a simple sentence contains only one independent clause. If you find you’ve added another subject-verb pair that could stand alone, you’ve likely created a compound sentence instead.

• Use Proper Punctuation

Finish your simple sentence with the right punctuation mark. This is usually a period (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation point (!)

• Vary Sentence Structure

While maintaining the basic subject-verb structure, try different arrangements to add interest:

• Standard: The cat sat on the mat.
• Inverted: On the mat sat the cat.
• Consider Sentence Length

Simple sentences can vary in length. Don’t be afraid to use longer simple sentences when appropriate. But make sure they remain clear and focused on one main idea.

• Practice and Refine

Writing effective simple sentences takes practice. Start with basic structures and gradually incorporate more elements as you become comfortable.

Simple Sentences vs. Other Sentence Structures

Knowing how simple sentences work can help you write better. Let’s compare simple sentences to compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. 

Simple Sentences vs. Compound Sentences

Simple Sentences:

• Contain one independent clause
• Express a single complete thought
• Have one subject-verb pair

Example: The cat sleeps on the couch.

Compound Sentences:

• Contain two or more independent clauses
• Express multiple complete thoughts
• Have multiple subject-verb pairs
• Connected by coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, etc.) or semicolons

Example: The cat sleeps on the couch, and the dog rests on the floor.

Key Difference: A compound sentence combines two or more simple sentences. This helps show that the ideas are connected and just as important as each other.

Simple Sentences vs. Complex Sentences

• Have one independent clause
• Do not contain any dependent clauses

Example: The student completed her assignment.

Complex Sentences:

• Contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause
• The dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete thought
• Often use subordinating conjunctions (because, although, if, etc.)

Example: The student completed her assignment because she worked diligently.

Key Difference:

A complex sentence is different because it shows that one idea is more important than the other.

Simple Sentences vs. Compound-Complex Sentences

• Consist of a single independent clause
• Express one main idea

Example: The chef prepared a delicious meal.

Compound-Complex Sentences:

• Contain at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
• Combine elements of both compound and complex sentences
• Express multiple ideas with varying levels of importance

Example: The chef prepared a delicious meal, and the guests enjoyed it, although some had dietary restrictions.

Key Difference: A compound-complex sentence is a mix of different ideas. It combines big and small ideas that are connected, and shows which ones are most important.

As we’ve explored, the simple sentence is far more than just a basic building block of language. It’s a versatile tool that can elevate your writing, whether you’re crafting a compelling novel, a persuasive essay, or a clear business report.

• A simple sentence, with its single independent clause, provides clarity and impact.
• Subject-verb agreement is crucial, even in the most straightforward constructions.
• Modifiers, objects, and complements can add depth without sacrificing simplicity.
• Varying sentence structures, including simple sentences, creates rhythm in your writing.

Learning to write a great simple sentence is super important. It helps you communicate clearly in all kinds of situations. Whether you’re a student, a writer, or just someone who wants to express themselves better, simple sentences can help.

As you keep writing, don’t forget how powerful a simple sentence can be. It helps you get your point across, make things clear, and grab the reader’s attention. Use simple sentences well, and you’ll see a big difference in your writing

What is a simple sentence?

A simple sentence is the most basic form of a sentence in English. It conveys a complete thought using a single independent clause. Despite its name, a simple sentence can vary in length and complexity, but it always expresses one main idea. For example, “The sun rises in the east” is a simple sentence.

What is an independent clause?

An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a complete sentence. It expresses a complete thought without relying on other clauses for meaning. For instance, in the sentence “Birds fly,” “birds” is the subject, and “fly” is the predicate, forming an independent clause.

What elements can a simple sentence contain?

A simple sentence needs two main things: a subject and a verb. But it can also have other parts that add more details. These might include words that describe the subject, words that describe the verb, and phrases that tell us more about the action.

For example, look at this sentence: “The energetic puppy quickly chased the red ball across the lawn.” It’s still a simple sentence, even though it has lots of extra details. It tells us what the puppy is like, how it chased the ball, and where it happened.

Can a simple sentence have compound parts?

Yes! A simple sentence can have parts that are made up of two or more things. For example, you can have two subjects, like “John and Mary went to the store”. Or you can have two verbs, like “She sang and danced”. You can even have two objects, like “He bought apples and oranges”. As long as the sentence only has one main idea, it’s still a simple sentence.

How many sentence structure types are there?

In English, there are four main types of sentence structures :

• Simple sentences (one independent clause)
• Compound sentences (two or more independent clauses)
• Complex sentences (one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses)
•  Compound-complex sentences (two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses)

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• Knowledge Base
• How to structure an essay: Templates and tips

How to Structure an Essay | Tips & Templates

Published on September 18, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction , a body , and a conclusion . But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body.

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Table of contents

The basics of essay structure, chronological structure, compare-and-contrast structure, problems-methods-solutions structure, signposting to clarify your structure, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about essay structure.

There are two main things to keep in mind when working on your essay structure: making sure to include the right information in each part, and deciding how you’ll organize the information within the body.

Parts of an essay

The three parts that make up all essays are described in the table below.

Order of information

You’ll also have to consider how to present information within the body. There are a few general principles that can guide you here.

The first is that your argument should move from the simplest claim to the most complex . The body of a good argumentative essay often begins with simple and widely accepted claims, and then moves towards more complex and contentious ones.

For example, you might begin by describing a generally accepted philosophical concept, and then apply it to a new topic. The grounding in the general concept will allow the reader to understand your unique application of it.

The second principle is that background information should appear towards the beginning of your essay . General background is presented in the introduction. If you have additional background to present, this information will usually come at the start of the body.

The third principle is that everything in your essay should be relevant to the thesis . Ask yourself whether each piece of information advances your argument or provides necessary background. And make sure that the text clearly expresses each piece of information’s relevance.

The sections below present several organizational templates for essays: the chronological approach, the compare-and-contrast approach, and the problems-methods-solutions approach.

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The chronological approach (sometimes called the cause-and-effect approach) is probably the simplest way to structure an essay. It just means discussing events in the order in which they occurred, discussing how they are related (i.e. the cause and effect involved) as you go.

A chronological approach can be useful when your essay is about a series of events. Don’t rule out other approaches, though—even when the chronological approach is the obvious one, you might be able to bring out more with a different structure.

Explore the tabs below to see a general template and a specific example outline from an essay on the invention of the printing press.

• Thesis statement
• Discussion of event/period
• Consequences
• Importance of topic
• Strong closing statement
• Claim that the printing press marks the end of the Middle Ages
• Background on the low levels of literacy before the printing press
• Thesis statement: The invention of the printing press increased circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation
• High levels of illiteracy in medieval Europe
• Literacy and thus knowledge and education were mainly the domain of religious and political elites
• Consequence: this discouraged political and religious change
• Invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg
• Implications of the new technology for book production
• Consequence: Rapid spread of the technology and the printing of the Gutenberg Bible
• Trend for translating the Bible into vernacular languages during the years following the printing press’s invention
• Luther’s own translation of the Bible during the Reformation
• Consequence: The large-scale effects the Reformation would have on religion and politics
• Summarize the history described
• Stress the significance of the printing press to the events of this period

Essays with two or more main subjects are often structured around comparing and contrasting . For example, a literary analysis essay might compare two different texts, and an argumentative essay might compare the strengths of different arguments.

There are two main ways of structuring a compare-and-contrast essay: the alternating method, and the block method.

Alternating

In the alternating method, each paragraph compares your subjects in terms of a specific point of comparison. These points of comparison are therefore what defines each paragraph.

The tabs below show a general template for this structure, and a specific example for an essay comparing and contrasting distance learning with traditional classroom learning.

• Synthesis of arguments
• Topical relevance of distance learning in lockdown
• Increasing prevalence of distance learning over the last decade
• Thesis statement: While distance learning has certain advantages, it introduces multiple new accessibility issues that must be addressed for it to be as effective as classroom learning
• Classroom learning: Ease of identifying difficulties and privately discussing them
• Distance learning: Difficulty of noticing and unobtrusively helping
• Classroom learning: Difficulties accessing the classroom (disability, distance travelled from home)
• Distance learning: Difficulties with online work (lack of tech literacy, unreliable connection, distractions)
• Classroom learning: Tends to encourage personal engagement among students and with teacher, more relaxed social environment
• Distance learning: Greater ability to reach out to teacher privately
• Sum up, emphasize that distance learning introduces more difficulties than it solves
• Stress the importance of addressing issues with distance learning as it becomes increasingly common
• Distance learning may prove to be the future, but it still has a long way to go

In the block method, each subject is covered all in one go, potentially across multiple paragraphs. For example, you might write two paragraphs about your first subject and then two about your second subject, making comparisons back to the first.

The tabs again show a general template, followed by another essay on distance learning, this time with the body structured in blocks.

• Point 1 (compare)
• Point 2 (compare)
• Point 3 (compare)
• Point 4 (compare)
• Advantages: Flexibility, accessibility
• Disadvantages: Discomfort, challenges for those with poor internet or tech literacy
• Advantages: Potential for teacher to discuss issues with a student in a separate private call
• Disadvantages: Difficulty of identifying struggling students and aiding them unobtrusively, lack of personal interaction among students
• Advantages: More accessible to those with low tech literacy, equality of all sharing one learning environment
• Disadvantages: Students must live close enough to attend, commutes may vary, classrooms not always accessible for disabled students
• Advantages: Ease of picking up on signs a student is struggling, more personal interaction among students
• Disadvantages: May be harder for students to approach teacher privately in person to raise issues

An essay that concerns a specific problem (practical or theoretical) may be structured according to the problems-methods-solutions approach.

This is just what it sounds like: You define the problem, characterize a method or theory that may solve it, and finally analyze the problem, using this method or theory to arrive at a solution. If the problem is theoretical, the solution might be the analysis you present in the essay itself; otherwise, you might just present a proposed solution.

The tabs below show a template for this structure and an example outline for an essay about the problem of fake news.

• Introduce the problem
• Provide background
• Describe your approach to solving it
• Define the problem precisely
• Describe why it’s important
• Indicate previous approaches to the problem
• Present your new approach, and why it’s better
• Apply the new method or theory to the problem
• Indicate the solution you arrive at by doing so
• Assess (potential or actual) effectiveness of solution
• Describe the implications
• Problem: The growth of “fake news” online
• Prevalence of polarized/conspiracy-focused news sources online
• Thesis statement: Rather than attempting to stamp out online fake news through social media moderation, an effective approach to combating it must work with educational institutions to improve media literacy
• Definition: Deliberate disinformation designed to spread virally online
• Popularization of the term, growth of the phenomenon
• Previous approaches: Labeling and moderation on social media platforms
• Critique: This approach feeds conspiracies; the real solution is to improve media literacy so users can better identify fake news
• Greater emphasis should be placed on media literacy education in schools
• This allows people to assess news sources independently, rather than just being told which ones to trust
• This is a long-term solution but could be highly effective
• It would require significant organization and investment, but would equip people to judge news sources more effectively
• Rather than trying to contain the spread of fake news, we must teach the next generation not to fall for it

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Signposting means guiding the reader through your essay with language that describes or hints at the structure of what follows.  It can help you clarify your structure for yourself as well as helping your reader follow your ideas.

The essay overview

In longer essays whose body is split into multiple named sections, the introduction often ends with an overview of the rest of the essay. This gives a brief description of the main idea or argument of each section.

The overview allows the reader to immediately understand what will be covered in the essay and in what order. Though it describes what  comes later in the text, it is generally written in the present tense . The following example is from a literary analysis essay on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .

Transitions

Transition words and phrases are used throughout all good essays to link together different ideas. They help guide the reader through your text, and an essay that uses them effectively will be much easier to follow.

Various different relationships can be expressed by transition words, as shown in this example.

Because Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. Although it was an outcome the Allies had hoped to avoid, they were prepared to back up their ultimatum in order to combat the existential threat posed by the Third Reich.

Transition sentences may be included to transition between different paragraphs or sections of an essay. A good transition sentence moves the reader on to the next topic while indicating how it relates to the previous one.

… Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.

However , considering the issue of personal interaction among students presents a different picture.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

• Choosing Essay Topic
• Write a College Essay
• Write a Diversity Essay
• College Essay Format & Structure
• Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

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The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

An essay isn’t just a loose collection of facts and ideas. Instead, it should be centered on an overarching argument (summarized in your thesis statement ) that every part of the essay relates to.

The way you structure your essay is crucial to presenting your argument coherently. A well-structured essay helps your reader follow the logic of your ideas and understand your overall point.

Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:

• The alternating method, where you compare your subjects side by side according to one specific aspect at a time.
• The block method, where you cover each subject separately in its entirety.

It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.

You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay . However, if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could be better, it’s okay to depart from your essay outline . Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.

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If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). How to Structure an Essay | Tips & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved September 11, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/essay-structure/

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Sentence Starters: Ultimate List to Improve Your Essays and Writing

By Ashley Shaw

This blog post is going to be about … No. Too boring.

Today, I am going to talk to you about ... No. Too specific.

This is a blog post for all writers ... Nope. Too generic.

Has this ever been you while writing? I get it. Writing a good sentence can be hard, and when you have to string a whole lot of them together, the task can become daunting. So what do you do?

From the first sentence you write to the very last, you want each one to show your style and motivate your reader to keep reading. In this post, we are going to think about how you start your sentences.

What Is a Good Sentence Starter for an Essay Introduction?

What is a good sentence starter for a body paragraph, 25 useful transitions, can i repeat a sentence starter, how can i rephrase "in conclusion".

The first paragraph of a paper can make or break your grade. It is what gets your audience into the topic and sets the whole stage. Because of this, it is important to get your readers hooked early.

The first sentence of a paper is often called the hook. It shouldn’t be anything ordinary. It should have strong language and be a little surprising, with an interesting fact, story, statistic, or quote on the topic.

Because it is designed to pull the reader in and surprise them a little, it is often good to avoid pre-written sentence starter examples when writing your hook. Just get into it here, and worry about the flow later.

Here are some examples:

Spider webs were once used as bandages.

I taught myself to read when I was three. At least, that’s the story my parents tell.

Recent studies suggest that the average person lies at least once in every conversation.

“The world is bleeding and humans wield the knife,” or so says environmental scientist So Andso.

(P.S. Except for example 1, which is true, I just made all of these up to demonstrate my point. So, please don’t quote me on these!)

Once you jump right in with your hook, it is time to start working on ways to move sentences along. Here is where you may need some sentence starter examples.

In your first paragraph, you basically want to connect your hook to your thesis. You’ll do this with a few sentences setting up the stage for your topic and the claim you will make about it. To do that, follow the tips found in the next section on body paragraphs and general sentence starter tips.

Many of the tips I am about to discuss can be used anywhere in a paper, but they are especially helpful when writing body paragraphs.

Let’s start with one of the most important types of sentence starter in essay writing: transition words.

How Do I Use Transitions in an Essay?

If you want to start writing terrific sentences (and improve your essay structure ), the first thing you should do is start using transition words.

Transition words are those words or phrases that help connect thoughts and ideas. They move one sentence or paragraph into another, and they make things feel less abrupt.

The good thing about transition words is that you probably know a lot of them already and currently use them in your speech. Now, you just need to transition them into your writing. (See what I did there?)

Before we get into examples of what a good transition word is, let’s look at a paragraph without any transitions:

I went to the store. I bought bacon and eggs. I saw someone I knew. I said hello. I went to the cashier. They checked me out. I paid. I got my groceries. I went to my car. I returned home.

Yikes! That is some boring writing. It was painful to write, and I am sure it is even worse to read. There are two reasons for this:

• I start every sentence with the same word (more on this later)
• There are no signposts showing me how the ideas in the paragraph connect.

In an essay, you need to show how each of your ideas relate to each other to build your argument. If you just make a series of statements one after the other, you’re not showing your instructor that you actually understand those statements, or your topic.

How do we fix this? Transition words. Roughly 25% of your sentences should start with a transition word. If you can hit that number in your essay, you’ll know that you’ve made meaningful steps towards demonstrating your understanding.

Of course, hitting that number isn’t enough—those transitions need to be meaningful. Let’s look at the different types of transitions and how you can use them.

What Are Words Like First , Next , and Last Called?

You probably already use some transitions in your essays. For example, if you start a paragraph with firstly , you’ve used a transition word. But transitions can do so much more!

Here are 25 common transitional words and phrases that you could use in your essay:

• Additionally / In Addition
• Alternatively / Conversely
• As a result of
• At this time
• Consequently
• Contrary to
• First(ly), Second(ly), etc.
• In contrast
• Nonetheless
• On the other hand
• Particularly / In particular
• In other words

This list isn’t exhaustive, but it is a good start.

These words show different types of relationships between ideas. These relationships fall into four main categories: Emphasis , Contrast , Addition , and Order .

What Are Emphasis Transition Words?

These phrases are used when you want to highlight a point. Examples from my above list include clearly , particularly , and indeed . Want to see some more? Follow my bolded transitions: Undoubtedly , you understand now. It should be noted that you don’t need to worry.

How Do You Use Addition Transitions?

These words add on to what you just said. These are words like along with , moreover , and also . Here are some more: Not only are you going to be great at transitions after this, but you will also be good at writing sentences. Furthermore , everyone is excited to see what you have to say.

How Can I Use Transitions to Contrast Ideas?

This is the opposite of addition, and you use it when you want to show an alternative view or to compare things. Examples from my list include words like nonetheless , contrary to , and besides .

Here are some more: Unlike people who haven’t read this article, you are going to be really prepared to write great sentences. Even so , there is still a lot more about writing to learn.

How Do I Order Ideas in My Essay?

A good first step is using order transition words.

This set of transitions helps mark the passage of time or gives an order to events. From the list, think of things like first and finally . Now for some extras: At this time yesterday , you were worried about starting sentences. Following this , though, you will be an expert.

Now that you get the concept of transitions, let’s go back to that poorly written paragraph above and add some in to see what happens:

This morning , I went to the store. While I was there, I bought bacon and eggs. Then I saw someone I knew. So I said hello. After that , I went to the cashier. At that time , they checked me out. First , I paid. Next , I got my groceries. Following that , I went to my car. Finally , I returned home.

(Notice the use of commas after most of these transitions!)

This isn’t the best paragraph I’ve ever written. It still needs a lot of work. However, notice what a difference just adding transitions makes. This is something simple but effective you can start doing to make your sentences better today.

If you want to check your transition usage, try ProWritingAid’s Transitions report . You’ll see how many of each type of transition word you've used so you can pin-point where you might be losing your reader.

Sign up for a free ProWritingAid account to try it out.

What Are Some Linking Phrases I Can Use in My Essay?

As well as individual words, you can also use short phrases at the beginning of your sentences to transition between ideas. I just did it there— "As well as individual words" shows you how this section of the article is related to the last.

Here are some more phrases like this:

As shown in the example,

As a result of this,

After the meeting,

While this may be true,

Though researchers suggest X,

Before the war began,

Until we answer this question,

Since we cannot assume this to be true,

While some may claim Y,

Because we know that Z is true,

These short phrases are called dependent clauses . See how they all end with a comma? That's because they need you to add more information to make them into complete sentences.

• While some may claim that chocolate is bad for you, data from a recent study suggests that it may have untapped health benefits .
• Since we cannot assume that test conditions were consistent, it is impossible to reach a solid conclusion via this experiment .
• As a result of this, critics disagree as to the symbolism of the yellow car in The Great Gatsby .

The bolded text in each example could stand on its own as a complete sentence. However, if we take away the first part of each sentence, we lose our connection to the other ideas in the essay.

These phrases are called dependent clauses : they depend on you adding another statement to the sentence to complete them. When you use a sentence starter phrase like the ones above in your writing, you signal that the new idea you have introduced completes (or disrupts) the idea before it.

Note: While some very short dependent clauses don’t need a comma, most do. Since it is not wrong to use one on even short ones (depending on the style guide being used), it is a good idea to include one every time.

Along with missing transitions and repeating sentence structure, another thing that stops sentences from being great is too much repetition. Keep your sentences sharp and poignant by mixing up word choices to start your sentences.

You might start your sentence with a great word, but then you use that same word 17 sentences in a row. After the first couple, your sentences don’t sound as great. So, whether it is varying the transitional phrases you use or just mixing up the sentence openers in general, putting in some variety will only improve your sentences.

ProWritingAid lets you know if you’ve used the same word repeatedly at the start of your sentences so you can change it.

The Repeats Report also shows you all of the repeats in your document. If you've used a sentence starter and then repeated it a couple of paragraphs down, the report will highlight it for you.

Try the Repeats Report with a free ProWritingAid account.

Now that you have your introduction sentences and body sentences taken care of, let’s talk a little about conclusion sentences. While you will still use transitions and clauses as in the body, there are some special considerations here.

Your conclusion is what people will remember most after they finish reading your paper. So, you want to make it stand out. Don’t just repeat yourself; tell them what they should do with what you just told them!

Use the tips from above, but also remember the following:

Be unique. Not only should you vary the words you use to start different sentences, but you should also think outside of the box. If you use the same conclusion sentence starter everyone else is using, your ideas will blend in too.

Be natural. Some of the best writing out there is writing that sounds natural. This goes for academic writing, too. While you won’t use phrases like "at the end of the day" in essay writing, stilted phrases like "in conclusion" can disrupt the flow you’ve created earlier on.

Here are some alternatives to "in conclusion" you could use in an essay:

• To review, ... (best for scientific papers where you need to restate your key points before making your final statement)
• As has been shown, ...
• In the final analysis, ...
• Taking everything into account, ...
• On the whole, ...
• Generally speaking, ...

If you’re looking for more ways to rephrase "in conclusion," take a look at our complete list of synonyms you can use.

There may not be a set word or words that you can use to make your sentences perfect. However, when you start using these tips, you’ll start to see noticeable improvement in your writing.

If you’ve ever heard people talk about pacing and flow in academic writing, and you have no idea what they mean or how to improve yours, then this is your answer. These tips will help your writing sound more natural, which is how you help your ideas flow.

Take your writing to the next level:

20 Editing Tips from Professional Writers

Whether you are writing a novel, essay, article, or email, good writing is an essential part of communicating your ideas., this guide contains the 20 most important writing tips and techniques from a wide range of professional writers..

Be confident about grammar

Check every email, essay, or story for grammar mistakes. Fix them before you press send.

Ashley Shaw

Ashley Shaw is a former editor and marketer/current PhD student and teacher. When she isn't studying con artists for her dissertation, she's thinking of new ways to help college students better understand and love the writing process.

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100+ Useful Words and Phrases to Write a Great Essay

By: Author Sophia

Posted on Last updated: October 25, 2023

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How to Write a Great Essay in English! This lesson provides 100+ useful words, transition words and expressions used in writing an essay. Let’s take a look!

The secret to a successful essay doesn’t just lie in the clever things you talk about and the way you structure your points.

Useful Words and Phrases to Write a Great Essay

Overview of an essay.

Useful Phrases for Proficiency Essays

Developing the argument

• The first aspect to point out is that…
• Let us start by considering the facts.
• The novel portrays, deals with, revolves around…
• Central to the novel is…
• The character of xxx embodies/ epitomizes…

The other side of the argument

• It would also be interesting to see…
• One should, nevertheless, consider the problem from another angle.
• Equally relevant to the issue are the questions of…
• The arguments we have presented… suggest that…/ prove that…/ would indicate that…
• From these arguments one must…/ could…/ might… conclude that…
• All of this points to the conclusion that…
• To conclude…

Ordering elements

• Firstly,…/ Secondly,…/ Finally,… (note the comma after all these introductory words.)
• As a final point…
• On the one hand, …. on the other hand…
• If on the one hand it can be said that… the same is not true for…
• The first argument suggests that… whilst the second suggests that…
• There are at least xxx points to highlight.

Adding elements

• Furthermore, one should not forget that…
• In addition to…
• Moreover…
• It is important to add that…

Accepting other points of view

• Nevertheless, one should accept that…
• However, we also agree that…

Personal opinion

• We/I personally believe that…
• Our/My own point of view is that…
• It is my contention that…
• I am convinced that…
• My own opinion is…

Others’ opinions

• According to some critics… Critics:
• believe that
• suggest that
• are convinced that
• point out that
• emphasize that
• contend that
• go as far as to say that
• argue for this

Introducing examples

• For example…
• For instance…
• To illustrate this point…

Introducing facts

• It is… true that…/ clear that…/ noticeable that…
• One should note here that…

Saying what you think is true

• This leads us to believe that…
• It is very possible that…
• In view of these facts, it is quite likely that…
• Doubtless,…
• One cannot deny that…
• It is (very) clear from these observations that…
• All the same, it is possible that…
• It is difficult to believe that…

Accepting other points to a certain degree

• One can agree up to a certain point with…
• Certainly,… However,…
• It cannot be denied that…

Emphasizing particular points

• The last example highlights the fact that…
• Not only… but also…
• We would even go so far as to say that…

Moderating, agreeing, disagreeing

• By and large…
• Perhaps we should also point out the fact that…
• It would be unfair not to mention the fact that…
• One must admit that…
• We cannot ignore the fact that…
• One cannot possibly accept the fact that…

Consequences

• From these facts, one may conclude that…
• That is why, in our opinion, …
• Which seems to confirm the idea that…
• Thus,…/ Therefore,…
• Some critics suggest…, whereas others…
• Compared to…
• On the one hand, there is the firm belief that… On the other hand, many people are convinced that…

How to Write a Great Essay | Image 1

How to Write a Great Essay | Image 2

Phrases For Balanced Arguments

Introduction

• It is often said that…
• It is undeniable that…
• It is a well-known fact that…
• One of the most striking features of this text is…
• The first thing that needs to be said is…
• First of all, let us try to analyze…
• One argument in support of…
• We must distinguish carefully between…
• The second reason for…
• An important aspect of the text is…
• It is worth stating at this point that…
• On the other hand, we can observe that…
• The other side of the coin is, however, that…
• Another way of looking at this question is to…
• What conclusions can be drawn from all this?
• The most satisfactory conclusion that we can come to is…
• To sum up… we are convinced that…/ …we believe that…/ …we have to accept that…

How to Write a Great Essay | Image 3

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ESSAY in a Sentence Examples: 21 Ways to Use Essay

Have you ever wondered what exactly constitutes an essay? An essay is a piece of writing that presents and argues a particular topic with supported evidence and analysis. Essays are commonly used in academic settings to demonstrate understanding and mastery of a subject.

Table of Contents

7 Examples Of Essay Used In a Sentence For Kids

14 sentences with essay examples, how to use essay in sentences.

To use the word “Essay” in a sentence, you can follow these simple steps:

Choose a topic: Select a topic that you want to write or speak about in your sentence. It could be anything you want to describe, analyze or elaborate on.

Use proper grammar: Ensure that your sentence is grammatically correct by following the rules of sentence structure, punctuation, and tense.

Practice using the word: To become more comfortable with incorporating the word Essay in a sentence, practice writing different sentences using it. This will help you become more familiar with how to use the word in various contexts.

By following these steps, you can effectively incorporate the word Essay in a sentence with ease. Remember to practice regularly to enhance your writing skills and vocabulary.

In crafting an essay, sentences serve as the fundamental building blocks of communication. Each sentence within an essay contributes to conveying ideas, arguments, and evidence to the reader, shaping the overall clarity and coherence of the piece. By constructing well-crafted sentences, essay writers can effectively convey their thoughts and engage their audience.

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Simple Sentences: The Key to Effective Writing – English Grammar Website

Simple sentences are the building blocks of effective communication. They are easy to understand and help convey ideas in a clear and concise manner. In this article, we will explore the definition, examples, and exercises related to simple sentences.

In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the different types of simple sentences and how to use them effectively. We will also provide examples and exercises to help you practice and master this essential skill. Whether you are a student, writer, or professional, understanding simple sentences is crucial for effective communication.

Understanding Simple Sentences

Simple sentences are the most basic type of sentence in the English language. They are made up of a subject and a predicate that expresses a complete thought. A simple sentence can have one or more subjects and one or more predicates, but it must contain at least one subject and one predicate.

Structure of Simple Sentences

The structure of a simple sentence is typically subject-verb-object (SVO). However, a simple sentence can also be subject-verb (SV) or subject-object (SO). Here are some examples of each:

• SVO: The cat chased the mouse.
• SV: The cat meowed.
• SO: The mouse ran away.

Characteristics of Simple Sentences

Simple sentences have a few key characteristics that set them apart from other types of sentences:

• They express a complete thought.
• They have only one independent clause.
• They are easy to understand and concise.

Examples of Simple Sentences

Here are some examples of simple sentences:

• The sun is shining.
• She loves to read.
• He plays guitar.
• They went to the beach.
• I am hungry.

Tips for Writing Simple Sentences

When writing simple sentences, it is important to keep them clear and concise. Here are some tips to help you write effective simple sentences:

• Use active voice.
• Keep sentences short and to the point.
• Avoid using complex sentence structures.
• Use strong verbs and avoid unnecessary adjectives and adverbs.

In conclusion, simple sentences are the building blocks of the English language. They are easy to understand and express a complete thought. By following the tips above, you can write effective and engaging simple sentences that will make your writing clear and concise.

Components of Simple Sentences

The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about. It is typically a noun or pronoun and can be either singular or plural. The subject tells us who or what is doing the action in the sentence. In a simple sentence, the subject usually comes at the beginning of the sentence.

Example: The cat sat on the mat.

The predicate of a sentence is the part of the sentence that tells us what the subject is doing. It usually consists of a verb and any objects or complements that follow the verb. In a simple sentence, the predicate usually comes after the subject.

Example: The cat sat on the mat .

The object of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is affected by the action of the verb. It is usually a noun or pronoun and can be either singular or plural. In a simple sentence, the object usually comes after the verb.

In some simple sentences, there may be no object. For example:

• She laughed.

In these cases, the verb is complete without an object.

It is important to note that not all simple sentences will have all three components. Some simple sentences may only have a subject and a verb, while others may have a subject and an object. As long as the sentence expresses a complete thought, it can be considered a simple sentence.

In summary, a simple sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate, and may also include an object. The subject tells us who or what is doing the action, the predicate tells us what the subject is doing, and the object tells us who or what is affected by the action.

Types of Simple Sentences

Declarative.

A declarative sentence is a statement that provides information or makes a statement. It ends with a period. Here are a few examples of declarative sentences:

• The sky is blue.
• She likes to read books.
• The dog barks loudly.

Interrogative

An interrogative sentence is a question that asks for information. It ends with a question mark. Here are some examples of interrogative sentences:

• What time is it?
• Have you seen my keys?
• Where is the nearest gas station?

An imperative sentence is a command or request. It ends with a period or an exclamation mark. Here are some examples of imperative sentences:

• Please pass the salt.
• Stop talking and listen to me.
• Go to bed now.

Exclamatory

An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion and ends with an exclamation mark. Here are some examples of exclamatory sentences:

• What a beautiful day it is!
• I can’t believe I won the lottery!
• That was a close call!

In summary, simple sentences can be declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory. Understanding the different types of simple sentences can help you write more effectively and communicate your ideas clearly.

Writing Simple Sentences

Writing simple sentences is an essential skill for effective communication. Simple sentences are easy to understand and can convey a clear message. In this section, we will discuss how to write simple sentences that are both clear and concise.

Choosing the Right Words

When writing simple sentences, it is important to choose the right words. Use words that are easy to understand and convey your message clearly. Avoid using jargon or technical terms that your readers may not be familiar with. Instead, use simple language that everyone can understand.

Here are some tips to help you choose the right words:

• Use concrete nouns and active verbs.
• Avoid using adjectives and adverbs unnecessarily.
• Use short sentences whenever possible.

Maintaining Clarity

Clarity is key when writing simple sentences. Your sentences should be clear and easy to understand. Here are some tips to help you maintain clarity:

• Use simple sentence structures.
• Avoid using long, complex sentences.
• Use punctuation correctly.

Avoiding Run-Ons

Run-on sentences are a common problem when writing simple sentences. A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined together without proper punctuation. Here are some tips to help you avoid run-on sentences:

• Use a period, semicolon, or comma and conjunction to separate independent clauses.
• Use subordinating conjunctions to join dependent clauses to independent clauses.
• The cat sat on the mat. (Simple sentence)
• The dog barked loudly. (Simple sentence)
• The cat sat on the mat, and the dog barked loudly. (Compound sentence)
• Because the cat sat on the mat, the dog barked loudly. (Complex sentence)

By following these tips, you can write simple sentences that are clear and easy to understand. Remember to choose the right words, maintain clarity, and avoid run-on sentences.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Subject-Verb Agreement

One of the most common mistakes in simple sentences is a disagreement between the subject and the verb. To avoid this mistake, always make sure that the verb agrees with the subject in terms of number and person. Here are some examples:

• Incorrect: The dogs barks loudly.
• Correct: The dogs bark loudly.
• Incorrect: She don’t like ice cream.
• Correct: She doesn’t like ice cream.

Tense Consistency

Another common mistake in simple sentences is inconsistency in tense. When writing a sentence, make sure that the tense remains consistent throughout the sentence. Here are some examples:

• Incorrect: I went to the store and I buy some milk.
• Correct: I went to the store and I bought some milk.
• Incorrect: She is studying English, but she will study French next semester.
• Correct: She is studying English, but she will be studying French next semester.

Punctuation Errors

Punctuation errors are also common in simple sentences. Here are some examples of common punctuation errors and how to avoid them:

• Incorrect: I like pizza, however I prefer pasta.
• Correct: I like pizza; however, I prefer pasta.
• Incorrect: My favorite colors are red, blue and green.
• Correct: My favorite colors are red, blue, and green.

Remember, it’s important to proofread your writing carefully to avoid these common mistakes. By paying attention to subject-verb agreement, tense consistency, and punctuation errors, you’ll be able to write clear and error-free simple sentences.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a simple sentence?

A simple sentence is a sentence that contains only one independent clause. It has a subject and a predicate, and it expresses a complete thought. Simple sentences are the building blocks of more complex sentences.

How do you identify a simple sentence?

You can identify a simple sentence by looking for a subject and a predicate. The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about, and the predicate is the action or state of being that the subject is doing or experiencing.

What are the components of a simple sentence?

The components of a simple sentence are the subject and the predicate. The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about, and the predicate is the action or state of being that the subject is doing or experiencing.

Can a simple sentence have more than one subject or predicate?

No, a simple sentence can only have one subject and one predicate. If a sentence has more than one subject or predicate, it is a compound or complex sentence.

What is the difference between a simple sentence and a compound sentence?

A simple sentence has only one independent clause, while a compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction. Compound sentences are used to connect related ideas, while simple sentences are used to express a single thought.

How can I improve my writing by using simple sentences?

Using simple sentences can make your writing more clear and concise. They are easier for readers to understand and can help you communicate your ideas more effectively. To improve your writing with simple sentences, try to use short, simple words and avoid using complex sentence structures.

English Composition 1

Sentences: simple, compound, and complex.

A common weakness in writing is the lack of varied sentences. Becoming aware of three general types of sentences--simple, compound, and complex--can help you vary the sentences in your writing.

The most effective writing uses a variety of the sentence types explained below.

1. Simple Sentences

A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought.

Examples of simple sentences include the following:

• Joe waited for the train. "Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb  
• The train was late. "The train" = subject, "was" = verb  
• Mary and Samantha took the bus. "Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "took" = verb  
• I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station. "I" = subject, "looked" = verb  
• Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station early but waited until noon for the bus. "Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "arrived" and "waited" = compound verb  

The use of compound subjects, compound verbs, prepositional phrases (such as "at the bus station"), and other elements help lengthen simple sentences, but simple sentences often are short. The use of too many simple sentences can make writing "choppy" and can prevent the writing from flowing smoothly.  

A simple sentence can also be referred to as an independent clause . It is referred to as "independent" because, while it might be part of a compound or complex sentence, it can also stand by itself as a complete sentence.  

2. Compound Sentences

A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction . Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":

Examples of compound sentences include the following:

• Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.  
• I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.  
• Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.  
• Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.

Coordinating conjunctions are useful for connecting sentences, but compound sentences often are overused. While coordinating conjunctions can indicate some type of relationship between the two independent clauses in the sentence, they sometimes do not indicate much of a relationship. The word "and," for example, only adds one independent clause to another, without indicating how the two parts of a sentence are logically related. Too many compound sentences that use "and" can weaken writing.

Clearer and more specific relationships can be established through the use of complex sentences.   

3. Complex Sentences

A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause, or complete sentence, but it lacks one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence. 

Examples of dependent clauses include the following:

• because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon
• while he waited at the train station
• after they left on the bus

Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.

Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions . Below are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions:

• even though

A complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses.

The dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the independent clause, as in the following:

• Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station.
• While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.
• After they left on the bus, Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station.

Conversely, the independent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the dependent clause, as in the following:

• I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon.
• Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station.
• Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station after they left on the bus.

Beginning Sentences with "And" or "Because"

Should you begin a sentence with "and" or "but" (or one of the other coordinating conjunctions)?

The short answer is "no." You should avoid beginning a sentence with "and," "or," "but," or the other coordinating conjunctions. These words generally are used to join together parts of a sentence, not to begin a new sentence.

However, such sentences can be used effectively. Because sentences beginning with these words stand out, they are sometimes used for emphasis. If you use sentences beginning with one of the coordinating conjunctions, you should use these sentences sparingly and carefully.

Should you begin a sentence with "because"?

There is nothing wrong with beginning a sentence with "because."

Page copyright Randy Rambo , 2019.

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Why use simple sentences?

In English, we have three types of sentences: simple, compound and complex. Each trumps in particular situations.

A simple sentence is one containing one independent clause (one complete subject and one complete predicate). Almost an infinite variety of simple sentences can be formed, making them the bedrock of modern-day English.

Simple sentences can be just one word (Run!). They can be two or three words (The dog barked. He did?) They can have compound subjects (Jack and Jill went up a hill) or compound predicates (Marie plays softball and swims). They can start with prepositional phrases (On my bike I rode to Grandma’s), gerund phrases (Munching carrots is a healthy snack) or adjectives (Big snakes scare me). They can end with adverbs (I practice the piano daily), infinitive phrases (That’s a good place to fish) or verbs (Will you go?). They can be declarative (I see), interrogative (Would you buy me one too?) and exclamatory (I won the spelling bee!).

Why use simple sentences in your writing?

• Simple sentences can express ideas clearly. ( “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”
• Short, simple sentences can add punch after a long-winded sentence. (“Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge — and more.”)
• Simple sentences can seem honest and to the point. (“Jesus wept.”)
• Simple sentences can mimic uncomplicated and unadorned thought patterns. (I wasn’t sure what to do. It was so dark. The baby was sobbing. I needed help. So I phoned you.)
• Simple sentences can be expanded by modifying subjects, verbs and objects with adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, gerund phrases, infinitive phrases.
• Simple sentences can seem more informal than complex sentences yet more sophisticated than certain types of compound sentences. (“All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.”)

As little children learning to write, we start with simple sentences. Then teachers introduce compound and complex sentences, encouraging students to use those kinds. Yet some great writers have built their careers on writing simple sentences—Ernest Hemingway, for example.

(To show their versatility, I wrote every sentence in this blog as a simple sentence. Did you notice?)

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Grammar: Sentence Structure and Types of Sentences

Definitions and examples of basic sentence elements.

The Mastering the Mechanics webinar series also describes required sentence elements and varying sentence types. Please see these archived webinars for more information.

Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb, blue, italics = object, pink, regular font = prepositional phrase

Independent clause : An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. It contains a subject and a verb and is a complete idea.

• I like spaghetti .
• He reads many books .

Dependent clause : A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be attached to an independent clause to become complete. This is also known as a subordinate clause.

• Although I like spaghetti,…
• Because he reads many books,…

Subject : A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that does an action. Determine the subject in a sentence by asking the question “Who or what?”

• I like spaghetti.
• He reads many books.

Verb : Expresses what the person, animal, place, thing, or concept does. Determine the verb in a sentence by asking the question “What was the action or what happened?”

• The movie is good. (The be verb is also sometimes referred to as a copula or a linking verb. It links the subject, in this case "the movie," to the complement or the predicate of the sentence, in this case, "good.")

Object : A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that receives the action. Determine the object in a sentence by asking the question “The subject did what?” or “To whom?/For whom?”

Prepositional Phrase : A phrase that begins with a preposition (i.e., in, at for, behind, until, after, of, during) and modifies a word in the sentence. A prepositional phrase answers one of many questions. Here are a few examples: “Where? When? In what way?”

• I like spaghetti for dinner .
• He reads many books in the library .

English Sentence Structure

The following statements are true about sentences in English:

• H e obtained his degree.
• He obtained his degree .
• Smith he obtained his degree.
• He obtained his degree.
• He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree (object).

Simple Sentences

A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb, and it may also have an object and modifiers. However, it contains only one independent clause.

Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb, blue, italics = object, pink, regular font =prepositional phrase

Here are a few examples:

• She wrote .
• She completed her literature review .
• He organized his sources by theme .
• They studied APA rules for many hours .

Compound Sentences

A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses.  These two independent clauses can be combined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction or with a semicolon .

Key: independent clause = yellow, bold ; comma  or semicolon = pink, regular font ; coordinating conjunction = green, underlined

• She completed her literature review , and she created her reference list .
• He organized his sources by theme ; then, he updated his reference list .
• They studied APA rules for many hours , but they realized there was still much to learn .

Using some compound sentences in writing allows for more sentence variety .

Complex Sentences

A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Dependent clauses can refer to the subject (who, which) the sequence/time (since, while), or the causal elements (because, if) of the independent clause.

If a sentence begins with a dependent clause, note the comma after this clause. If, on the other hand, the sentence begins with an independent clause, there is not a comma separating the two clauses.

Key: independent clause = yellow, bold ; comma = pink, regular font ; dependent clause = blue, italics

• Note the comma in this sentence because it begins with a dependent clause.
• Note that there is no comma in this sentence because it begins with an independent clause.
• Using some complex sentences in writing allows for more sentence variety .

Compound-Complex Sentences

Sentence types can also be combined. A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Key: independent clause = yellow, bold ; comma  or semicolon = pink, regular font ; coordinating conjunction = green, underlined ; dependent clause = blue, italics

• She completed her literature review , but she still needs to work on her methods section even though she finished her methods course last semester .
• Although he organized his sources by theme , he decided to arrange them chronologically , and he carefully followed the MEAL plan for organization . 
• T hey studied APA rules for many hours , and they decided that writing in APA made sense because it was clear, concise, and objective .
• Using some complex-compound sentences in writing allows for more sentence variety .
• Pay close attention to comma usage in complex-compound sentences so that the reader is easily able to follow the intended meaning.

Sentence Structure Video Playlist

Note that these videos were created while APA 6 was the style guide edition in use. There may be some examples of writing that have not been updated to APA 7 guidelines.

• Structuring Sentences: Types of Sentences (video transcript)
• Structuring Sentences: Simple Sentences (video transcript)
• Structuring Sentences: Compound Sentences (video transcript)
• Structuring Sentences: Complex Sentences (video transcript)
• Structuring Sentences: Combining Sentences (video transcript)
• Common Error: Unclear Subjects (video transcript)
• Mastering the Mechanics: Punctuation as Symbols (video transcript)
• Mastering the Mechanics: Commas (video transcript)
• Mastering the Mechanics: Periods (video transcript)
• Mastering the Mechanics: Semicolons (video transcript)

Related Resources

Knowledge Check: Sentence Structure and Types of Sentences

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Four Sentence Structures: Simple, Compound, Complex, & Compound-Complex

There are four sentence structures in English: Simple , Compound , Complex, and Compound-Complex . Here are examples of each:

• She ate lunch.  ( Simple : one independent clause)
• She ate lunch, but she was still hungry. ( Compound : two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction ).
• She was still hungry even though she had eaten lunch . ( Complex : an independent clause + a dependent clause)
• She was tired, and she was still hungry even though she had eaten lunch ( Compound-Complex : two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction and one dependent clause)

First: Understanding Clauses

A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb . It's important to understand that there are two types of clauses:

Independent Clauses

A sentence must have at least one independent clause. An independent clause is a group of words that form a complete thought when you put them together. Here are some examples:

• She ate lunch. 
• The car drove on the road. 
• On Tuesday, I had my test. 

These sentences are complete thoughts , which means that no more information is needed to understand them completely.

Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clauses)

Dependent clauses are incomplete thoughts. They depend on an independent clause in order for the sentence to have meaning. Dependent clauses begin with a subordinate conjunction . Here are some examples:

• when I got home (what happened?)
• because the restaurant was closed (what happened because it was closed?)
• whom I respect very much (whom are we talking about?)

As you can see, more information is needed. To create a complete sentence , you need to add an independent clause . Here are the examples again but written as complete sentences (known as complex sentences):

• I washed the dishes when I got home .
• We couldn't eat because the restaurant was closed .
• The company's owner is Alice Brown , whom I respect very much .

Now that you understand this, we can look at the four different sentence structures.

Structure #1: Simple Sentences

A simple sentence is one independent clause . A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb, and an independent clause it a group of words that form a complete thought when you put them together. Here are some examples:

• She ate lunch. (Independent clause)
• The car drove on the road.  (Independent clause)
• On Tuesday, I had my test. (Independent clause)

Again, all of these sentences are complete thoughts .

Structure #2: Compound Sentences

A compound sentence is made of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction .

Although the most commonly used coordinating conjunctions are but , and , so , and or, there are  seven coordinating conjunctions in English:

The above sentences are all independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, so they are all compound sentences.

Structure #3: Complex Sentences

A complex sentence has a dependent clause and an independent clause. The dependent clause can come at the beginning of the sentence or at the end. Here are some examples:

• She fell asleep because she was tired .
• Because she was tired , she fell asleep.
• I'll call you if I go .
• If I go , I'll call you.

(Note: When a dependent clause starts a sentence, you should put a comma at its end to show where the clause ends.)

An adjective clause (also known as a relative clause) is also considered a dependent clause as well. E.g.:

• This is the store where I bought my hat.
• Vancouver, which is in western Canada , is a beautiful city.

Structure #4: Compound-Complex

A compound-complex sentence has the following:

• two independent clauses joined a coordinating conjunction
• a dependent clause

The dependent clause can be anywhere in the sentence. Here are some examples:

• She took out her umbrella because it was raining , and then she walked home.
• I don't like exercising, but I'll do it if I have to .
• The man who was on the other side of the street waved, so I looked at him.

Question: What about Compound-Compound? Complex-Complex?

Technically, you can make more complicated types of of sentence structures, for example:

• She arrived and then he arrived and then I arrived so we were all there.

Is this Compound-Compound-Compound sentence? No. It's still just called a Compound sentence. Also, it's a badly written sentence.

• Before she went home , she cleaned up the area where she had worked .

Is this a Complex-Complex sentence? No. It's still called a complex sentence, even though there are two dependent clauses.

Why is all this important? What sentence structures should I use?

Spoken English tends to mainly use simple and compound sentences, but higher-level writing (e.g. academic and business communications) should use some complex structures. A complex sentence can be more efficient because it can contain several ideas in the same sentence. Also, using conjunctions such although or because  helps the reader understand how ideas relate to each other, which makes your writing more cohesive . 

Still, w riting well doesn't mean only using long and complicated sentences. Writing is most effective when it's clear. This can be achieved by using short, simple sentences, such as this one. I n short, writing effectively and efficiently means using a variety of sentence structures.

^ By the way, the above two paragraphs contained the following:

• Spoken English tends to mainly use simple and compound sentences, but higher-level writing (e.g. academic and business communications) should use a variety of structures (i.e. simple, compound, and complex).
• A complex sentence can be more efficient because it can contain several ideas in the same sentence.
• Also, using conjunctions such ' although ' or ' because ' helps the reader understand how ideas relate to each other , which makes your writing more cohesive .
• Writing is most effective when it's clear.
• Still, writing well doesn't mean only using long and complicated sentences. 
• This can be achieved by using short, simple sentences, such as this one.
• I n short, writing effectively and efficiently means using a variety of sentence structures.
• Compound-complex : 0

Do you think you understand? Try our exercises below!

Exercises #1: Identifying Sentence Structures

• The man smiled and laughed.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• The man smiled, but I did not know why.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• When the cat is away, the mice will play.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• The answer is not known.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• If people would like to apply, they can call 1-800-493-222 or they can e-mail [email protected] .  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• He asked me a question so I answered.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• I e-mailed the company, and they responded immediately, which surprised me. Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• Simple (Independent clause) Note: "and laughed" is not a clause because it does not contain another subject and verb. Therefore, this sentence only has one clause
• Compound (Independent clause + coordinating conjunction + Independent clause)
• Complex (Dependent clause + Independent clause)
• Simple (Independent clause)
• Compound-complex (Dependent clause, independent clause + coordinating conjunction + independent clause)
• Compound-complex (Independent clause, coordinating conjunction, independent clause, dependent clause)

Exercises #2: Identifying Sentence Structures

• The train station was still closed but a few coffee shops were open.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• If you have further questions, please do not hesitate to ask.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• Some people only need a computer to do their jobs, so they can easily work from home. Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• On the second weekend of July last year, I went camping. Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• As population increases, food shortages become more common and quality of life can decrease.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• The price of the service increased by 20%, but because the company did not inform its customers, many people demanded an explanation.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• Many students didn't understand, so their teacher explained the answer very clearly and slowly.  Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
• Simple (Independent clause) Note: "On the second weekend of July last year" is a prepositional phrase, not a clause because there is no subject or verb.
• Compound-Complex (Dependent clause, Independent clause + coordinating conjunction Independent clause)
• Compound-Complex (Independent clause, coordinating conjunction, dependent clause, independent clause)
• Compound (Independent clause, coordinating conjunction, Independent clause)

If you have any questions about sentence structures, please leave a comment below or visit our forums .

-- Created by Matthew Barton of Englishcurrent.com (Copyright)

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38 comments on “ Four Sentence Structures: Simple, Compound, Complex, & Compound-Complex ”

Thank you so much for my preparation for my Half- yearly exams

Yes it true I like it but the activity was hard

Thanks for These Qustions!!! We dient find Website which is so good!!!

THANK YOU FROM MONGOLIA

thank you very much .A clear explanation.

I’ve really understood the lesson it was very superb, and easy to understood, really preciate your efforts, and your helping Thank u so much.

I think it is very useful for me to study.

It is very important.

I think this way is good for my study.

Thanks a lot for the notes, the clarifications, the remakes, and the exercises. But I also heard there are somewhere that there are “compound-complex-complex” sentences with more than two independent, and more than two dependent clauses in them. What do you take of this? Regards.

thanks a lot for the notes but i understood this lesson.

thanks , i liked this alot!

when you call to your U.S. bank you may fine yourself speaking to a customer service representative who is sitting in the Philippines or Puerto Rico and when you need technical support for your home computer you will probably get help from a programmer in New Delhi where’s the independent clause an the dependent clause?

What do you think? Read the above page and give it a try.

ty very much for this

Understood and this section was very interesting.

Thanks teacher

Thanks this really helps.

It was really informative

I find it difficult, some people understand, some people don’t. But I’ll try harder.

Thank you so much as I learned a lot about sentence structure which will help me in my future English speaking test. I am so happy with this

this page is amazing. thank you.

THANK YOU FROM ROME HABITANT ICI BEASTIA

Thank you so much

Thank you. It was very helpful

Love this wow

Thank you . It was really very helpful.

In some compound sentences, I didnt find a comma. I was figuring out , if we write a compound sentence without putting a comma, is it OK?

Hello. Some English teachers would say that you should have a comma before the coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) in a compound sentence. However, it’s not really needed, and if you don’t put one, it’s not a mistake.

Wow，that’s helpful!especially for non-language learner.

THANK YOU, ALL THE WAY FROM LESOTHO❤️❤️

Appreciated much. Thanks

This website me very improve! I love it!

Thank you, Know i now what is simple, compound, complex, compound-complex.

Thank you so much. This is so helpful.

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IELTS Advantage

IELTS Preparation Courses

IELTS Writing- How To Write a Complex Sentence

Introduction.

One of the biggest mistakes students make in IELTS writing is to try and show off and be overly ambitious with their grammar. This is because many students think that all of their sentences need to be ‘complex’ (they don’t!), and them not understanding what a ‘complex’ sentence is. Trying to write overly complicated sentences leads to grammar mistakes, and this will lead to lost marks in many different areas.

This post will look at:

• how many ‘complex’ sentences do you actually need in each paragraph? • what a ‘complex’ sentence actually is? • how to make complex sentences? • examples to help us understand and transfer this knowledge to our writing.

What does the examiner expect?

If we look at the examiners’ marking scheme it states that to get a band 6 for grammar, we need to:

• use a mix of simple and complex sentences.

For band 7, it states:

• Use a variety of complex structures.

This obviously means that we should use complex sentences in our writing, but it does not mean that we should try to make all of our sentences complex. All band 9 answers I have seen use a mixture of simple and complex sentences. The key is to know when to use them, and we will look at this below. But first, we need to understand what a complex sentence actually is.

What is a complex sentence?

The main problem here seems to be the word ‘complex’. Complex, in this situation, does not mean complicated, long or impressive. This is a common misconception and leads to students writing very long and grammatically incorrect sentences that are very difficult to understand.

For example:

‘In the modern world, global warming is one of the most popular topics causing many environmental difficulties and tough challenges arising from its serious consequences.’

This is a very typical sentence from an essay that is trying to be overly complex. This student has tried to put four simple ideas into one paragraph, resulting in an awkward and incoherent sentence. They have lost control of the grammar, and this affects the meaning. When meaning is affected, it stops the reading understanding of what is being said, and that isn’t good for your IELTS writing band scores.

‘Complex’ sentences are not very complex; they are just two or more simple sentences. Putting them together makes the essay more coherent and cohesive.

Let’s look at the first example again. In the sentence above, there are four simple ideas that we can put into simple sentences:

1. Global warming is a common topic these days. 2. Global warming causes environmental problems. 3. There are tough challenges associated with global warming. 4. Global warming has very serious consequences.

If we write all of our sentences in the IELTS exam like this, we lose marks because they are too simple. What we need to do is put them together to make complex sentences.

Complex Sentence Examples

One of the most common environmental issues is global warming which causes many serious environmental problems. Tough challenges are associated with this issue, and its effects have very serious consequences.

I don’t think there is anything ‘complex’ about these sentences, just simple ideas put together.

‘Complex’ is just a label, not a description.

I have taken each of the four simple sentences and put them together in two complex sentences. This result is a grammatically correct, easy-to-understand paragraph.

When should I use complex sentences?

Generally, we should use simple sentences when making main points, normally at the beginning of a paragraph. We should then use complex sentences when expanding on the main point, for instance, when giving a supporting example or explaining our main point.

This is a question about whether ‘fast food’ or ‘junk food’ should be taxed at a higher rate than normal food.

‘Increasing taxes would raise prices and lower consumption. Fast food companies would pass on these taxes to consumers in the form of higher prices, which would lead to people being unable to afford junk food. For instance, the cost of organic food has proven prohibitively expensive for most people. Despite this, people in many developed countries, where the problem is most acute, can afford price hikes and will continue to eat high-fat meals.’

The first sentence is the ‘topic sentence’ and makes the main point. It is, therefore, acceptable for this to be a simple sentence.

The second sentence explains the main point and uses the word ‘and’ to link two simple sentences together to make one complex sentence.

The third sentence gives an example and uses the linking phrase ‘for instance’. The final sentence makes a concession (shows the limitation of the argument) and is also a complex sentence, linking more than one idea together.

This paragraph has a mix of simple and complex sentences and therefore satisfies the marking criteria .

How do I make a complex sentence?

Remember that a complex sentence is more than one simple sentence to make one sentence. We, therefore, need to learn and become confident using the various grammatical structures that allow us to do that. Below are a few ways we can link ideas together in a sentence.

To make a complex sentence, we normally should have two things- a dependent clause and an independent clause. A clause is a group of words with both a subject and a verb.

An example of a dependent clause is ‘….because the weather was cold.’ This is a dependent clause because it has a subject and a verb but doesn’t make any sense. To make sense, we need to add an independent clause.

As the name suggests, an independent clause can make sense independently. For example, ‘I wore a warm coat.’ If we combine these two clauses, we get a complex sentence- ‘I wore a warm coat because the weather was cold.’

As you can see, ‘complex’ sentences don’t have to be complicated. Let’s now look at other ways we can make complex sentences.

1. Relative Clauses

You can use relative clauses to give essential or extra information about a person, place, or thing. This makes our writing more fluent and more coherent. We do this by using relative pronouns like who, which and that. For example, ‘He’s the kind of person who is always friendly.’

Air pollution can cause health problems. Air pollution is largely caused by motor vehicles.

We can convert these two simple sentences into one complex sentence by using the word ‘which’.

Air pollution, which is mostly caused by motor vehicles, can cause health problems.

There is evidence that some people are more likely to smoke. These people have parents and friends who smoke.

We can link both of these sentences together by using the word ‘who’.

Evidence shows that people with parents and friends who smoke are more likely to smoke.

2. Subordinate Clauses

A subordinate clause can describe nouns and pronouns; describe verbs, adverbs, and adjectives; or act as the subject or object of another clause. They connect an independent clause with a dependent clause with words like as, because, while, until, even though, although, when and if.

3. Conditional Clauses

Also known as ‘If clauses’, they are used to express that the action in the main clause can only take place if a certain condition is met.

If I had a million dollars, I would quit my job.

I will be really happy if I pass the IELTS test.

These clauses are good for giving examples in IELTS writing part 2.

‘Increasing taxes would raise prices and lower consumption. Fast food companies would pass on these taxes to consumers in the form of higher prices, which would lead to people being unable to afford junk food. If the cost of organic food proves prohibitively expensive for most people, they will not buy it. Despite this, people in many developed countries, where the problem is most acute, can afford price hikes and will continue to eat high-fat meals.’

They are also useful for discussing unreal situations or speculating about results in the past or present.

There are four different kinds of conditionals which I will outline below:

Zero Conditionals are used to talk about true information or facts. We can use if or when to introduce the conditional.

Example: Nowadays, when we travel long distances, we usually use air travel.

First conditionals are used to talk about things in the present or future.

Example: If the city’s population grows, we will need to build more infrastructure.

Second Conditionals are used to talk about impossible things.

Example: If the sun didn’t come up tomorrow, we wouldn’t have any life on earth.

Third Conditionals are used to speculate about past events. It is often used when we regret something or to imagine a past unreal situation.

Example: The Second World War would have never happened if Germany had been given a fairer peace settlement in World War One.

4. Compound Sentences

Compound sentences consist of two independent clauses linked together with a conjunction such as ‘and’, ‘for’ or ‘but’.

I really want to study, but I’m too tired. She got to the test centre early and did well on her IELTS test.

Some students think these sentences are too simple to count as complex, but they are wrong.

The crucial thing is to understand and be able to use these grammar structures before your IELTS test. Some students memorise many structures and try to insert them into their essays without considering how they work or if they are accurate. This will only lead to unnatural and incoherent sentences. Remember that your sentences must also be error-free, so only use structures you are confident using.

The key is to only use them appropriately. Concentrate on answering the question; if you know how to use these structures, they will flow naturally.

I hope this post has demonstrated that you can write your ideas down clearly and simply and still satisfy the marking criteria for complex sentences.

When you are practising IELTS writing questions, think of what you want to say in simple sentences and then think of how these might be linked into complex sentences. After enough practice, it will become a natural thing to do, and your writing will really improve.

Check out my IELTS Grammar video series below for more help with complex sentences:

The articles below contain some of our most comprehensive guides to Writing Task 2:

• Writing Task 2: 8 Steps to Success

This article is unique to anything we’ve published before. Read it now to access our 61-page Task 2 strategy.

• How to Plan an Essay

Making a good plan actually saves you time when you write your essay. If you don’t plan, you are more likely to get lost halfway through your essay, and the result is normally a very confusing piece of writing that is difficult to read. This guide will show you how to write a clear essay every time.

• How to Think of Relevant Ideas

Thinking of good ideas is one of the most challenging parts of the test for some people. This guide provides 5 different methods to help you quickly think of relevant ideas that are directly linked to the question.

• How to Paraphrase

Paraphrasing is one of the essential IELTS skills, not just in Writing Task 2 but in all parts of the IELTS test. You should paraphrase the question in every essay, and I recommend doing this in the very first sentence to help boost your vocabulary score.

• How to Write a Supporting Paragraph

Supporting paragraphs are the main body paragraphs and are the meat in the sandwich. This is where you provide the detail the examiner is looking for in the form of explanations and examples.

Do you need me to correct your essays and give detailed feedback and steps for improvement? Check out our  essay correction service  or join the  Waiting List  for my  VIP Course. 

About Christopher Pell

My name is Christopher Pell and I'm the Managing Director of IELTS Advantage.

I started IELTS Advantage as a simple blog to help 16 students in my class. Several years later, I am very humbled that my VIP Course has been able to help thousands of people around the world to score a Band 7+ in their IELTS tests.

If you need my help with your IELTS preparation, you can send me an email using the contact us page.

200+ Transition Words for Argumentative Essay

Transition words are linking words or phrases that connect ideas, sentences, or paragraphs, ensuring a smooth flow of information. They help improve coherence and guide readers through the text.

In this article, let’s talk about what good transition words for argumentative essays are, why they matter so much in argumentative essays, and how to use them effectively. You'll get a clear idea of how these words can make your writing more convincing and easier to read. Plus, we’ll provide you with plenty of examples so you can see how to use them in your own essays.

And if you finish reading and still feel like you could use a hand with your essay, DoMyEssay is here to help. We can assist with any part of your writing process, whether it’s refining your arguments or polishing the final draft.

How to Use Transition Words for Argumentative Essays?

Let’s say you’re in the middle of crafting your argumentative essay. You’ve got great points, and everything makes sense in your head, but when you read it back, it feels a bit disjointed. That’s where transition words come in. When used right, the appropriate transition words can act as a hook for argumentative essay, keeping your readers engaged.

Here’s how to use them effectively:

• Give Each Transition Word a Job Every transition word has a specific role in your essay. Some introduce a new idea, like "firstly" or "to begin with." If you’re adding more info, you might use "also" or "in addition." Then there are those that contrast ideas, like "however" or "on the other hand." Knowing what each word is meant to do helps you pick the right one for the right moment.
• Use Them Where They Count You want to place transition words where they’ll have the most impact (usually at the start of a new paragraph or when you’re shifting to a new point). For example, if you’ve just argued that renewable energy is good for the environment, you could say, "For instance," before giving a specific example. 
• Keep Your Essay Smooth The whole point of using transition words is to keep your essay coherent and flowing naturally. For example, after discussing one advantage of a policy, you might use "similarly" to transition smoothly to the next point, making sure your essay feels connected and logical.
• Mix It Up Using the same transition word over and over can get boring fast. So, try to vary them: use "moreover" instead of always saying "also," or "on the flip side" instead of "however." This keeps your writing interesting and shows that you have a good range of vocabulary. But don’t overdo it: too many transitions can make your essay feel forced.
• Play with Placement Well, transition words don’t always have to go at the beginning of a sentence. Sometimes, they work in the middle or even at the end. For example, you could start a sentence with "Therefore" to show a conclusion. Or, you could use it in the middle: "The policy is effective, therefore reducing costs." This gives your writing a nice rhythm!

Transform Your Essay Today!

Struggling with transitions or arguments in your essay? Let us help you make your essay shine.

Types of Argumentative Essay Transition Words

Transition words connect your ideas in an argumentative essay, helping your reader follow along without getting lost. They’re small tools that can make your already persuasive writing clearer and more persuasive. Let’s break down some different types of transition words you can use.

Starting a New Point

When you’re starting a new idea or argument, you want your reader to know you’re shifting to something new. Transition words for essays like "initially" are great for signaling this. These phrases help set the stage for the new point you’re about to make, letting your reader know what’s coming next:

• "To start with, renewable energy is a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels."
• "Firstly, social media has changed how we interact with each other."

Adding More Information

Sometimes you need to pile on additional info to back up your argument. Transition words like "besides" help you do just that and make it easy to add layers to your argument, giving it more depth:

• "Furthermore, renewable energy sources can create new jobs in the economy."
• "Also, social media platforms are becoming key tools in education."

Giving Examples

When you want to make your point more concrete, you’ll need to throw in some examples. Words like "for example" help you introduce these examples smoothly. These transitions show your readers that you’re about to give them something real to back up your claim:

• "For instance, countries like Germany have heavily invested in solar power."
• "To illustrate, many businesses use social media to connect directly with customers."

Showing Contrast

Not all points will be in agreement with each other, and that’s okay. When you need to highlight differences or opposing ideas, words like "in contrast" can be your go-tos. These phrases help you present complex ideas with a balanced view by acknowledging other perspectives:

• "However, some argue that renewable energy is still too expensive to implement widely."
• "On the other hand, social media can sometimes lead to misinformation spreading quickly."

Explaining Cause and Effect

When you need to show that one thing leads to another, transition words like "therefore" help make that connection clear. These transitional words help you link your ideas, showing how one thing influences another:

• "Because of the increase in renewable energy, carbon emissions have significantly decreased."
• "As a result, social media has become a powerful tool for activism."

Backing Up with Evidence

When you’re supporting your argument with facts or research, transition words like "according to" or "as shown by" help you introduce this evidence clearly and lend credibility to your argument:

• "According to recent studies, renewable energy could power 80% of the U.S. by 2050."
• "In fact, social media use has been linked to increased engagement in political activities."

Addressing the Other Side

A good argumentative essay doesn’t ignore opposing views. Transition words like "despite" help you address these counterarguments and show that you’ve considered the key point from all angles, which strengthens your argument:

• "Although renewable energy has a higher initial cost, the long-term benefits outweigh it."
• "Even though social media has its downsides, its benefits cannot be ignored."

Wrapping It All Up

Finally, when you’re ready to conclude your essay, use words like "to sum up" to bring everything together and signal to your reader that you’re wrapping things up and summarizing your main points:

• "In conclusion, shifting to renewable energy is not just an option, but a necessity for a sustainable future."
• "All in all, social media's impact on society is profound, offering both opportunities and challenges."

List of Transition Words for Argumentative Essays

Introduction.

• To begin with
• In the first place
• First and foremost
• At the outset
• To start with
• As an introduction
• Before anything else
• Let’s start by
• The first point is
• It all starts with
• To introduce the topic
• To open the discussion
• In the beginning
• To set the stage
• Starting with
• In the first instance
• To lay the foundation
• As we start
• To kick things off
• The first thing to address is
• As a starting point
• Let’s first consider
• Additionally
• Furthermore
• In addition
• Not to mention
• What’s more
• On top of that
• Equally important
• Another point is
• Beyond that
• To further elaborate
• Coupled with
• For example
• For instance
• To illustrate
• As an example
• Specifically
• To give you an idea
• Take the case of
• Consider the following
• As illustrated by
• In particular
• In this case
• To demonstrate
• As shown by
• One example is
• To put it in perspective
• An illustration of this is
• A good example is

Contradiction

• On the other hand
• Nevertheless
• Nonetheless
• In contrast
• On the contrary
• Despite this
• In spite of
• Even though

Cause and Effect

• As a result
• Consequently
• Because of this
• For this reason
• Accordingly
• As a consequence
• This leads to
• Resulting in
• In response to
• With this in mind
• As evidence
• According to
• As demonstrated by
• In support of this
• Research shows
• To back this up
• As confirmed by
• As indicated by
• As corroborated by
• Studies reveal
• As evidenced by
• Data suggests
• As supported by
• Undoubtedly
• It is evident that
• There is no denying that
• It is clear that
• It is certain that
• To emphasize
• As a matter of fact
• Unquestionably
• This suggests that
• It stands to reason that
• In light of this
• This demonstrates
• This proves

Counterargument

• It is true that
• One might argue
• Some may say
• While it is true
• Although it is often believed
• On the one hand
• This may be true, but
• There is some truth to
• In conclusion
• All things considered
• To conclude
• As a final point
• Taking everything into account
• In the final analysis
• Upon reflection
• In retrospect
• To summarize
• Considering these points
• As has been demonstrated

Clarification

• In other words
• To put it simply
• That is to say
• In simpler terms
• To put it another way
• What this means is
• For clarity
• To rephrase
• Put differently
• To be clear
• More specifically
• In plain language
• To put it clearly
• Stated differently
• To break it down
• To put things into perspective
• Without a doubt
• Significantly
• Particularly
• Most importantly
• Emphatically
• It should be emphasized
• It is worth noting
• Importantly
• Subsequently
• Following this
• Simultaneously
• In the meantime
• In the same way
• In a similar manner
• In like manner
• By the same token
• In a similar fashion
• Correspondingly
• In parallel
• Comparable to
• In the same vein
• Analogous to
• In the same spirit
• Along similar lines
• In much the same way

Simple Help for Better Essays

Want to improve your essay’s flow and impact? We’re here to help with easy-to-follow advice and edits.

Wrapping Up

We’ve discussed what the different transition words are, why they matter, and how to use them effectively, complete with examples and tips.

To help you even further, here’s a handy table summarizing the best transition sentences and words to use for each part of your body paragraphs, with some more examples:

On the flip side, Conversely, That said, From a different perspective, On the contrary

But if you’re still scratching your head after reading this, wondering how to add these transitions into your essay, DoMyEssay can help with any part of your writing process. Whether you need assistance with transitions, crafting strong and convincing arguments, or polishing your final draft, we’ve got you covered.