Structuring the Essay ( AQA GCSE English Literature )

Revision note.

Nick

Answering just one essay question can seem daunting. However, examiners just want to see your ideas and opinions on the modern text you have studied. The guide below will enable you to best express these ideas and opinions in a way that will gain the highest marks. It includes guides on:

Answering the question

Planning your essay, writing your essay.

As Paper 2 requires you to answer three questions in 2hr 15min, you have 45 minutes to plan, write and check your modern text essay. A good rule of thumb is to spend:

  • 3 minutes analysing the question
  • 7-10 minutes planning
  • 26-32 minutes writing

It is always a good idea to use the rest of your time to review what you’ve written and to make any adjustments.

Students usually think that spending more time on the writing will gain more marks, but this isn't true: more essay doesn’t mean more marks! Examiners prefer shorter, well planned responses that have a clear argument throughout. Indeed, long essays that are unstructured and sprawling can in fact lose marks for being unfocused. Therefore, it is vital to always set aside time to write a plan.

Regardless of which modern text you study, the type of question you’ll need to write an essay for will be the same. You will be asked a question that asks you to analyse and write in detail about an aspect of the text. Your answer will need to address the text as a whole.

Completing the steps below will ensure you answer the question in the way that examiners are looking for.

6 key steps to answer the modern text exam question effectively:

1. The very first thing you should do once you open your exam paper is to look at the question:

  • This sounds obvious, but it’s really crucial to read through the question a few times 
  • Why is this important? Regardless of what subject you’re being examined in, the single-biggest mistake most students make in their exams is not reading the question through carefully enough that they answer the question they think they’re being asked, rather than the question they’ve actually been asked 
  • It’s especially important to get this right in your GCSE English Literature exams because you only have five essay questions to answer across two papers, so if you misread a question, you’re potentially costing yourself a large number of marks     

2 . Identify the keywords of the question:

modern-texts-master-1

  • The key words are the focus of the question: the specific themes, ideas or characters the examiners want you to focus on
  • For the above question, the key words of the question are “how Russell presents the importance of friendship”
  • This is the theme the examiners want you to explore in your essay
  • Do not be tempted to write a question on a related theme, even if you have revised more for it: this will affect your overall mark badly, as you won’t be directly answering the question! 
  • In the example above, the theme is about friendship, so make sure you plan and write an essay about friendship , rather than, for example, the role of family in the text:
  • Although this could be viewed as a related theme, your answer won’t be focused on the question and will lose you marks

3. Critically evaluate the idea or theme of the question in terms of the text as a whole

  • Think: what is this question asking, and what is it not asking?
  • It is asking you to explore ideas about friendship – a special relationship or bond that exists between people
  • The question is not asking you to explore any other themes
  • Again, writing about related ideas will actually lose you marks as you aren’t answering the exact question you have been set. The examiner isn’t going to reward you extra marks for information that is factually correct or demonstrates a great understanding of the text if the information is not relevant to the question being asked

Planning your essay is absolutely vital to achieve the highest marks. Examiners always stress that the best responses are those that have a logical, well-structured argument that comes with spending time planning an answer. This, in turn, will enable you to achieve the highest marks for each assessment objective. The main assessment objectives are:

It is important to remember how marks are distributed for each assessment objective: there are 12 marks for AO1, 12 marks for AO2 and 6 marks for AO3. The mark scheme places assessment objectives AO1 and AO2 as the key skills, therefore while AO3 must be addressed in your response, your essay should focus predominantly on AO1 and AO2.

  • Your plan should include all aspects of your response, covering all of the assessment objectives, but mainly focusing on AO1 and AO2:
  • Your overall argument, or thesis (AO1)
  • Your topic sentences for all your paragraphs (AO1)
  • The quotations you will be using and analysing from elsewhere in the text (AO1 & AO2)
  • A sense of why the writer has made the choices they have (AO2)
  • A sense of what contextual factors give further insight into the ideas and theme presented in the question (AO3)
  • Therefore, a plan may look like the following:

Russell presents the importance of friendship through several characters in Blood Brothers, especially Mickey and Edward whose friendship is central to the play. Russell chooses to contrast the power and beauty of their childhood friendship with its final collapse in adulthood, which results in their tragic ending. Their friendship highlights one of Russell’s key messages concerning social class, inequality and poverty which can have devastating consequences on people’s lives.

Russell initially depicts Mickey and Edward's friendship as strong despite their disparate social backgrounds, which underscores his message that natural human bonds and relationships are more important than societal norms and expectations.

“If you loved me you'd let me go out with Mickey”

Russell illustrates how Edward and Mickey are inextricably linked and their refusal to be separated is evident, for example, through Edward as he disobeys his mother’s instructions about associating with working-class friends like Mickey

Russell uses dramatic irony in his presentation of Mickey and Edward’s friendship as ‘blood brothers’, which enables the audience to be fully aware of their fate, which further adds to the tragic element of the play as the two boys do not fully understand the significance of their new brotherhood.

“Ey, we were born on the same day…that means we can be blood brothers”

Russell uses the omniscient Narrator at the beginning of the play to remind the audience of the impending fate of Mickey and Edward, which enables the audience to feel greater sympathy for them as they watch them spiral toward their tragic end

Russell demonstrates how friendships grow and evolve over time, however, the growing tensions between Mickey and Edward cause them to disastrously part ways, which reveals how external influences, such as class and poverty, can negatively affect the natural bonds of friendship.

“Well, how come you got everything…an’ I got nothin’?”

Russell depicts Mickey’s tragic decline into violence and depression and contrasts this with Edward’s prosperity and success, ending the play with the final collapse of their once close friendship

The play’s structure conveys the change in friendships; the irony of ‘blood brothers’; the contrast between other friendships in the play

influence of social class on friendships; ideas about appropriate behaviour amongst classes and sexes; social background to the characters’ lives; the influence of parents on friendships

Some other tips:

  • You do not need to include a counter-argument (disagreeing with the question/including paragraphs which begin “On the other hand”)
  • The questions have been designed to enable as many students as possible to write essays 
  • Examiners say that the inclusion of a counter-argument is often unnecessary and unhelpful
  • It can affect your AO1 mark negatively

Given the time pressure of the exam, there is always a temptation for students to do without a plan, especially if they feel they understand the focus of the question well. However, this is a mistake. 

The exam board states: “Where students have written a plan, there is often a sense of a coherent and organised response, for which references and quotations have been selected to support the student’s argument.”

What this means is that writing a plan not only enables you to achieve the highest AO1 marks (for organisation of argument) but also helps you select the most precise quotations and references, which will lead to more relevant analysis of writer’s methods (AO2).

Once you have read and evaluated the question and created a clear plan, you are ready to begin writing. Below is a guide detailing what to include.

Your essay should include:

  • An introduction with a thesis statement
  • A number of paragraphs (three is ideal!), each covering a separate point. It’s a great idea to start each paragraph with a topic sentence
  • A conclusion

Introduction

  • Your introduction should aim to clearly, and briefly, answer the question
  • The best way to do this is to include a thesis statement
  • A thesis statement is a short statement (one or two sentences) that summarises the main point or claim your argument is making
  • You should include the exact words from the question in your thesis statement
  • Examiners want to see your own opinion : your interpretation of what the writer is trying to show
  • Your thesis statement should also attempt to explain why you think the writer has presented their characters in the way that they have: what are they trying to say overall? What is their message?
  • A good way to think about this is to ask: what is the writer’s one big idea in terms of the characters or themes addressed in the question?
  • Include contextual ideas and perspectives to help explain the writer’s intentions
  • Including the writer’s message or one big idea helps create a “conceptualised response”, which examiners reward with the highest marks
  • An example of a thesis statement:

modern-texts-master-2

Thesis statement:

“Russell presents the importance of friendship through several characters in Blood Brothers, especially Mickey and Edward whose friendship is central to the play. Russell chooses to contrast the power and beauty of their childhood friendship with its final collapse in adulthood, which results in their tragic ending. Their friendship highlights one of Russell’s key messages concerning social class, inequality and poverty which can have devastating consequences on people’s lives.”

  • Introductions should not be too long, or include all the details of what each paragraph will include
  • You will not be rewarded for including the same information twice, so don’t waste time repeating yourself
  • Write your thesis in the third person, not the first person (don’t use “I”)
  • “I believe that Russell presents ideas about the importance of friendship …. ❌
  • “ Russell presents the importance of friendship through several characters … in order to illustrate …” ✅
  • Try to include three separate paragraphs that cover three separate points
  • This will ensure your response is to what examiners call the “full task”
  • Start each paragraph with a topic sentence
  • A topic sentence is an opening sentence which details the focus of its paragraph
  • It should include the words of the question
  • All topic sentences must relate to your thesis
  • They should be seen as sub-points that provide a more specific and narrower focus than your thesis statement
  • Everything that follows a topic sentence in a paragraph must support the point it makes

Example of a topic sentence:

“Russell initially depicts Mickey and Edward's friendship as strong despite their disparate social backgrounds, which underscores his message that natural human bonds and relationships are more important than societal norms and expectations.”

  • Beware of writing an overly structured paragraph which follows a set pattern
  • You may have learned PEE, PEAL, PEED, or other structures for your paragraphs
  • However, examiners often say that although these are excellent for learning what to include in essays, they can be limiting in an exam
  • Instead, be led by the ideas in the text, and prove your own argument (both the overall thesis and your topic sentences)
  • It is always a good idea to include a conclusion to your essay so that your essay reads as coherent and focused on answering the question throughout
  • This can result in improved marks for AO1
  • However, there is no need to spend a long time writing your conclusion
  • A conclusion for a modern text should only summarise the proof you have provided for your thesis
  • It only needs to be two or three sentences long
  • It should include the words of the question and your thesis
  • Remember, you do not get rewarded for including the same information twice

An example of a conclusion:

“To conclude, Russell presents friendship as a fundamental aspect of people’s lives and he demonstrates how these special relationships can be impacted by social inequality and injustice. Through Mickey and Edward, Russell argues that even the closest friendships - and by extension, all bonds between different groups in society - are tested, and potentially broken, by these inequalities.”

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Author: Nick

Nick is a graduate of the University of Cambridge and King’s College London. He started his career in journalism and publishing, working as an editor on a political magazine and a number of books, before training as an English teacher. After nearly 10 years working in London schools, where he held leadership positions in English departments and within a Sixth Form, he moved on to become an examiner and education consultant. With more than a decade of experience as a tutor, Nick specialises in English, but has also taught Politics, Classical Civilisation and Religious Studies.

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  • How to structure an essay: Templates and tips

How to Structure an Essay | Tips & Templates

Published on September 18, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction , a body , and a conclusion . But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body.

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Table of contents

The basics of essay structure, chronological structure, compare-and-contrast structure, problems-methods-solutions structure, signposting to clarify your structure, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about essay structure.

There are two main things to keep in mind when working on your essay structure: making sure to include the right information in each part, and deciding how you’ll organize the information within the body.

Parts of an essay

The three parts that make up all essays are described in the table below.

Part Content

Order of information

You’ll also have to consider how to present information within the body. There are a few general principles that can guide you here.

The first is that your argument should move from the simplest claim to the most complex . The body of a good argumentative essay often begins with simple and widely accepted claims, and then moves towards more complex and contentious ones.

For example, you might begin by describing a generally accepted philosophical concept, and then apply it to a new topic. The grounding in the general concept will allow the reader to understand your unique application of it.

The second principle is that background information should appear towards the beginning of your essay . General background is presented in the introduction. If you have additional background to present, this information will usually come at the start of the body.

The third principle is that everything in your essay should be relevant to the thesis . Ask yourself whether each piece of information advances your argument or provides necessary background. And make sure that the text clearly expresses each piece of information’s relevance.

The sections below present several organizational templates for essays: the chronological approach, the compare-and-contrast approach, and the problems-methods-solutions approach.

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The chronological approach (sometimes called the cause-and-effect approach) is probably the simplest way to structure an essay. It just means discussing events in the order in which they occurred, discussing how they are related (i.e. the cause and effect involved) as you go.

A chronological approach can be useful when your essay is about a series of events. Don’t rule out other approaches, though—even when the chronological approach is the obvious one, you might be able to bring out more with a different structure.

Explore the tabs below to see a general template and a specific example outline from an essay on the invention of the printing press.

  • Thesis statement
  • Discussion of event/period
  • Consequences
  • Importance of topic
  • Strong closing statement
  • Claim that the printing press marks the end of the Middle Ages
  • Background on the low levels of literacy before the printing press
  • Thesis statement: The invention of the printing press increased circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation
  • High levels of illiteracy in medieval Europe
  • Literacy and thus knowledge and education were mainly the domain of religious and political elites
  • Consequence: this discouraged political and religious change
  • Invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg
  • Implications of the new technology for book production
  • Consequence: Rapid spread of the technology and the printing of the Gutenberg Bible
  • Trend for translating the Bible into vernacular languages during the years following the printing press’s invention
  • Luther’s own translation of the Bible during the Reformation
  • Consequence: The large-scale effects the Reformation would have on religion and politics
  • Summarize the history described
  • Stress the significance of the printing press to the events of this period

Essays with two or more main subjects are often structured around comparing and contrasting . For example, a literary analysis essay might compare two different texts, and an argumentative essay might compare the strengths of different arguments.

There are two main ways of structuring a compare-and-contrast essay: the alternating method, and the block method.

Alternating

In the alternating method, each paragraph compares your subjects in terms of a specific point of comparison. These points of comparison are therefore what defines each paragraph.

The tabs below show a general template for this structure, and a specific example for an essay comparing and contrasting distance learning with traditional classroom learning.

  • Synthesis of arguments
  • Topical relevance of distance learning in lockdown
  • Increasing prevalence of distance learning over the last decade
  • Thesis statement: While distance learning has certain advantages, it introduces multiple new accessibility issues that must be addressed for it to be as effective as classroom learning
  • Classroom learning: Ease of identifying difficulties and privately discussing them
  • Distance learning: Difficulty of noticing and unobtrusively helping
  • Classroom learning: Difficulties accessing the classroom (disability, distance travelled from home)
  • Distance learning: Difficulties with online work (lack of tech literacy, unreliable connection, distractions)
  • Classroom learning: Tends to encourage personal engagement among students and with teacher, more relaxed social environment
  • Distance learning: Greater ability to reach out to teacher privately
  • Sum up, emphasize that distance learning introduces more difficulties than it solves
  • Stress the importance of addressing issues with distance learning as it becomes increasingly common
  • Distance learning may prove to be the future, but it still has a long way to go

In the block method, each subject is covered all in one go, potentially across multiple paragraphs. For example, you might write two paragraphs about your first subject and then two about your second subject, making comparisons back to the first.

The tabs again show a general template, followed by another essay on distance learning, this time with the body structured in blocks.

  • Point 1 (compare)
  • Point 2 (compare)
  • Point 3 (compare)
  • Point 4 (compare)
  • Advantages: Flexibility, accessibility
  • Disadvantages: Discomfort, challenges for those with poor internet or tech literacy
  • Advantages: Potential for teacher to discuss issues with a student in a separate private call
  • Disadvantages: Difficulty of identifying struggling students and aiding them unobtrusively, lack of personal interaction among students
  • Advantages: More accessible to those with low tech literacy, equality of all sharing one learning environment
  • Disadvantages: Students must live close enough to attend, commutes may vary, classrooms not always accessible for disabled students
  • Advantages: Ease of picking up on signs a student is struggling, more personal interaction among students
  • Disadvantages: May be harder for students to approach teacher privately in person to raise issues

An essay that concerns a specific problem (practical or theoretical) may be structured according to the problems-methods-solutions approach.

This is just what it sounds like: You define the problem, characterize a method or theory that may solve it, and finally analyze the problem, using this method or theory to arrive at a solution. If the problem is theoretical, the solution might be the analysis you present in the essay itself; otherwise, you might just present a proposed solution.

The tabs below show a template for this structure and an example outline for an essay about the problem of fake news.

  • Introduce the problem
  • Provide background
  • Describe your approach to solving it
  • Define the problem precisely
  • Describe why it’s important
  • Indicate previous approaches to the problem
  • Present your new approach, and why it’s better
  • Apply the new method or theory to the problem
  • Indicate the solution you arrive at by doing so
  • Assess (potential or actual) effectiveness of solution
  • Describe the implications
  • Problem: The growth of “fake news” online
  • Prevalence of polarized/conspiracy-focused news sources online
  • Thesis statement: Rather than attempting to stamp out online fake news through social media moderation, an effective approach to combating it must work with educational institutions to improve media literacy
  • Definition: Deliberate disinformation designed to spread virally online
  • Popularization of the term, growth of the phenomenon
  • Previous approaches: Labeling and moderation on social media platforms
  • Critique: This approach feeds conspiracies; the real solution is to improve media literacy so users can better identify fake news
  • Greater emphasis should be placed on media literacy education in schools
  • This allows people to assess news sources independently, rather than just being told which ones to trust
  • This is a long-term solution but could be highly effective
  • It would require significant organization and investment, but would equip people to judge news sources more effectively
  • Rather than trying to contain the spread of fake news, we must teach the next generation not to fall for it

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how to structure a grade 9 essay

Signposting means guiding the reader through your essay with language that describes or hints at the structure of what follows.  It can help you clarify your structure for yourself as well as helping your reader follow your ideas.

The essay overview

In longer essays whose body is split into multiple named sections, the introduction often ends with an overview of the rest of the essay. This gives a brief description of the main idea or argument of each section.

The overview allows the reader to immediately understand what will be covered in the essay and in what order. Though it describes what  comes later in the text, it is generally written in the present tense . The following example is from a literary analysis essay on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .

Transitions

Transition words and phrases are used throughout all good essays to link together different ideas. They help guide the reader through your text, and an essay that uses them effectively will be much easier to follow.

Various different relationships can be expressed by transition words, as shown in this example.

Because Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. Although it was an outcome the Allies had hoped to avoid, they were prepared to back up their ultimatum in order to combat the existential threat posed by the Third Reich.

Transition sentences may be included to transition between different paragraphs or sections of an essay. A good transition sentence moves the reader on to the next topic while indicating how it relates to the previous one.

… Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.

However , considering the issue of personal interaction among students presents a different picture.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

  • Ad hominem fallacy
  • Post hoc fallacy
  • Appeal to authority fallacy
  • False cause fallacy
  • Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

  • Choosing Essay Topic
  • Write a College Essay
  • Write a Diversity Essay
  • College Essay Format & Structure
  • Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

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The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

An essay isn’t just a loose collection of facts and ideas. Instead, it should be centered on an overarching argument (summarized in your thesis statement ) that every part of the essay relates to.

The way you structure your essay is crucial to presenting your argument coherently. A well-structured essay helps your reader follow the logic of your ideas and understand your overall point.

Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:

  • The alternating method, where you compare your subjects side by side according to one specific aspect at a time.
  • The block method, where you cover each subject separately in its entirety.

It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.

You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay . However, if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could be better, it’s okay to depart from your essay outline . Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.

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how to structure a grade 9 essay

How to structure an essay

(Last updated: 13 May 2021)

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This guide is for anyone looking to vastly improve their essay writing skills through better knowledge what is meant by good 'essay structure'.

Essay writing is a key component to academic success at every level. It is, essentially, the way in which people within the academic community communicate with each other. Thus, there are fundamental ways in which academics structure their work and formal ways of communicating what they have to say. Writing essays is not simply a hoop for students to jump through. The vast majority of instructors and professors also write essays at a professional level, and they do not ask of their students anything less than the standard that is asked of them.

Where too many students go wrong in writing their essays is in either failing to plan ahead (not giving sufficient, care, thought, or time to the process) or in not understanding the expectations of essay writing. Of these expectations, appropriate and effective essay structure is critical. Students often lose valuable marks by failing to structure their essays clearly and concisely to make the best of their ideas.

So how do you structure academic writing? What is the best essay structure format?

First, consider what an essay is . What is it supposed to do? At its core an essay is simply an argument . Now, by argument we don’t mean a slanging match between two angry people. Rather, we are talking about a formal argument. An idea or a claim, which is supported by logic and/or evidence.

Imagine the following scenario: you feel the time has come to approach your boss about getting a raise at work. Imagine yourself walking into your supervisor’s office and requesting that raise. Almost automatically, your mind formulates a rhetorical structure. There are effective and ineffective ways of asking of making such a request. The effective strategy will have a logic and an order. You will firstly claim that you deserve a raise. And you will give evidence to support why you deserve that raise. For example: you are a hard worker, you are never late, you have the admiration and respect of your colleagues, you have been offered another position elsewhere and you want the pay matched. And so on. And you would probably wrap up your discussion with an overview of of why giving you more money is important.

And that is fundamentally an essay. Every good essay has three basic parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.

This simple guide will show you how to perfect your essay structure by clearly introducing and concluding your argument, and laying out your paragraphs coherently in between. Your essay writing can be dramatically improved overnight simply by using the correct essay structure, as explained below.

Where the essay starts

When you are writing an essay , every sentence and every paragraph is important. But there is something extra important about introductions. Just like going out on a date for the first time, you want the introduction to be just right, almost perfect. You want to put your best self forward and create a great first impression.

You should already know this, but most professors and instructors will start grading your work in their head as soon as they begin reading it. They will be sorting your essay, maybe not in terms of a grade, but most definitely in terms of strong/weak, interesting/dull, or effective/ineffective. And most will have some notion of where your essay falls on that scale before they even finish the introduction. It will be the rarest of markers who withholds judgement until the end. The introduction is something you absolutely must start strong.

Always develop an introduction that clearly sets out the aims of what you are about to write and, if applicable, refers to the subject under investigation. State what the essay will try to achieve and briefly mention some of the main points you will consider. The idea is to give the marker an overview of your argument, to show that your thought process is logical and coherent and that you have carefully thought the question through. Don’t try to go into any of your key points in depth in your introduction – they will each be covered by a full paragraph later on. If the question is an ‘either or’ or a ‘how far do you agree’ question, it is useful to set out both sides of the argument briefly in the introduction in preparation for exploring the two sides later in the essay.

Think of your introduction as a thumbnail picture of the whole essay. Anyone, but especially the marker, should know the essay subject and how you intend to prove or disprove it, just from having read just the introduction.

Take the following example:

You have been given this assignment: The main purpose of Gothic fiction is to break normal moral and social codes. Discuss.

A strong introduction should read something like this:

It is certainly true that many works of Gothic fiction manifest the transgression of normal moral and social codes as their major theme. Their emphasis on female sexuality, their breaking of the boundaries between life and death and their shocking displays of immoral religious characters would all suggest that this is indeed the case. However, it is also important to consider other major aspects of the genre that might be considered equally important in purpose, such as its fascination with the supernatural, its portrayal of artificial humanity and its satirical social attacks. This essay will explore these conflicting purposes with reference to several different Gothic texts to discover what might be best described as the ‘main’ purpose of the genre.

Reread that paragraph. Does it tell you what the topic of the essay is? What the point is? What the essay plans to do? Now, without reading think about just the size of that paragraph. If a marker were to see an introduction that were any less than that they would automatically know, without even reading a word, that the topic was not going to be well introduced. That is not to suggest you simply fill up the paragraph, but that a certain amount of information in the introduction is expected.

It is worth pointing out that in a much longer essay an introduction does not need to be limited to a single paragraph. Generally, however, it will be.

how to structure a grade 9 essay

The body of your essay

The second part of the essay is the body. This is the longest part of the essay. In general, a short essay will have at least three full paragraphs; a long essay considerably more.

Each paragraph is a point that you want to make that relates to the topic. So, going back to the ‘give me more money’ example from earlier, each reason you have for deserving a raise should be a separate paragraph, and that paragraph is an elaboration on that claim.

Paragraphs, like the essay overall, also have an expected structure. You should start a new paragraph for each major new idea within your essay, to clearly show the examiner the structure of your argument. Each paragraph should begin with a signpost sentence that sets out the main point you are going to explore in that section. It is sometimes helpful to refer back to the title of the essay in the signpost sentence, to remind the examiner of the relevance of your point. Essay writing becomes much easier for you too this way, as you remind yourself exactly what you are focusing on each step of the way.

Here's a signpost sentence example: One important way in which Gothic fiction transgresses normal moral and social codes is in its portrayal of the female heroine.

Further sentences in this paragraph would then go on to expand and back up your point in greater detail and with relevant examples. The paragraph should not contain any sentences that are not directly related to the issue set out in the signpost sentence. So you are writing an essay that clearly separates its ideas into structured sections. Going back to the wage-raise example: in the middle of talking about how punctual you are, would you start talking about how you are a good colleague, then about that client you impressed, and then talk about your punctuality again? Of course not. The same rules apply: each paragraph deals with one idea, one subject.

The end of your essay

The last section of your essay is the conclusion. In general, this will also be a single paragraph in shorter essays, but can go on to two or three for slightly longer discussions.

Every well-structured essay ends with a conclusion . Its purpose is to summarise the main points of your argument and, if appropriate, to draw a final decision or judgement about the issues you have been discussing. Sometimes, conclusions attempt to connect the essay to broader issues or areas of further study.

It is important not to introduce any new ideas in the conclusion – it is simply a reminder of what your essay has already covered. It may be useful again to refer back to the title in the conclusion to make it very clear to the examiner that you have thoroughly answered the question at hand. Make sure you remind them of your argument by very concisely touching on each key point.

Here an example of an essay conclusion:

Overall, whilst it is certainly true that the characters, plots and settings of Gothic fiction seem firmly intended to break normal moral and social codes, the great incidence within the genre of the depiction of the supernatural, and in particular its insistent reference to social injustice and hypocrisy might suggest that in fact its main purpose was the criticism and reform of society.

But where do I start???

Now you should have a solid grasp of a typical essay structure but might not know how to actually begin structuring your essay. Everyone works differently. Some people have no trouble thinking everything out in their head, or putting together a plan, and starting with the introduction and finishing with the conclusion.

One surefire way to make your life easier is to, in the first instance, write out an essay plan . Jotting down a plan where you create a structure, which details what your essay will cover, will save you time in the long run - so we highly recommend you do this!

When planning your essay structure, we suggest writing from the inside out and doing the body paragraphs first. Since each body paragraph is a main idea, then once you know what your main ideas are, these should come fairly easily. Then the introduction and conclusion after that.

If you're really struggling - or just curious - you can also look into the Essay Writing Service from ourselves here at Oxbridge Essays. We can put together a comprehensive essay plan for you, which maps out your essay and outlines the key points in advance, and in turn makes the writing process much easier.

One final thought to remember: good essays are not written, they are rewritten . Always go over your first draft and look for ways to improve it before handing it in.

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FULL MARK & Grade 9 2019 English Lit  AQA GCSE examples

FULL MARK & Grade 9 2019 English Lit AQA GCSE examples

Subject: English

Age range: 14-16

Resource type: Unit of work

GCSE English Essays!

Last updated

22 February 2024

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docx, 14.05 KB

I will (soon) be a univeristy student. These are my essays from Summer 2019 when I sat my English Lit GCSE. Overall I achieved 97% and several full mark answers.

Macbeth - 27 Marks Jekyll and Hyde - 30 Marks Inspector Calls - 30 Marks Poetry P&C - 28 Marks

Sorry if the questions on the essays aren’t the exact ones on the exam paper - I can’t quite remember them word for word.

If you download for free I don’t think all the essays are there so you would need to purchase them for all the completed essays.

Any money made is going towards my university expenses (and maybe even a takeaway once in a while!).

AQA have released the papers on their website and the essays are my own.

Tes paid licence How can I reuse this?

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i have not received the work on an inspector calls

123456789hillowdf

Did you purchase it?

Empty reply does not make any sense for the end user

Hi<br /> I couldn’t download the inspector call and poetry

Sorry you’re having trouble. I’m not sure how to get around that. Did you purchase it or download (I think watermarked?) version? :)

greatplanet

Gachareroll570.

I seem to be missing the completed version of the Inspector Calls Essay. Is the one in the preview finished or is there more?

Hi, it is completed - it was when I uploaded and I haven’t heard anything from people who have used this resource.

are you saying that these arent the questions that are on the english literature gcse?<br />

Sorry I’m not quite sure what you mean, but these are the questions that I answered when I sat my English Literature GCSE :)

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IMAGES

  1. How to structure a grade 9 english literature essay // GCSE

    how to structure a grade 9 essay

  2. Grade 9 Essay Examples

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  3. Grade 9: AIC essay Mr Birling (Step-by-Step)

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  4. Poetry essay GRADE 9 Power and Conflict by vlittler1

    how to structure a grade 9 essay

  5. Macbeth Grade 9 Essay

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  6. 'An Inspector Calls' Grade 9 essay

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COMMENTS

  1. The Ultimate Guide On How To Achieve Grade 9 In English Literature

    Mr Salles Teaches English - Grade 9 Analysis Poppies, by Jane Weir. I then created some wrote some structured notes. For these, I would condense the information in the video and add my own knowledge onto a single flashcard, you need to remember thousands of other students will be watching these videos so make sure to add your own quotes and ...

  2. How to Structure an Essay for GCSE English

    Firstly, there are two main ways you can structure a GCSE English essay: Either a two-part structure looking at two different interpretations. Or one interpretation you spend the whole essay writing about. The second approach is more impressive if done well. Most grade 9 students take this approach.

  3. How to Write a Grade 9 Poetry Comparison Essay

    Top grade tips for a Grade 9. How to plan a poetry comparison essay. Planning your essay is absolutely vital to achieve the highest marks. Your plan should include all aspects of your response, covering all of the assessment objectives: Your overall argument, also known as a thesis Your topic sentences for all your 3-4 paragraphs

  4. How to Write a GCSE English Literature Essay

    Underline the key words of the question. Annotate the exam paper (this is especially great if you are answering an essay question that also includes an extract) Establish your own argument, or viewpoint, based on the key words of the question. Write down your overarching argument (this is often called a "thesis statement") at the top of ...

  5. Structuring the Essay

    2. Identify the keywords of the question: The key words are the focus of the question: the specific themes, ideas or characters the examiners want you to focus on. For the above question, the key words of the question are "how Russell presents the importance of friendship". This is the theme the examiners want you to explore in your essay.

  6. How to structure a grade 9 english literature essay // GCSE

    Tips on how to structure a grade 9 english lit essay. Gcse english online tips.

  7. How to Structure an Essay

    The second principle is that background information should appear towards the beginning of your essay. General background is presented in the introduction. If you have additional background to present, this information will usually come at the start of the body. The third principle is that everything in your essay should be relevant to the thesis.

  8. How to Plan a Top Grade Essay (Mr Salles) and Stick to the Plan

    Mr Salles Guide to GCSE English Literature https://amzn.to/2JkpfLCLearn how to plan your essay so that you can adapt it to any exam question. Find out how to...

  9. How to Write a Grade 9 Literature Essay (Jekyll and Hyde) Mr Salles

    Mr Salles Guide to Jekyll and Hyde https://amzn.to/34njncRLearn how to write about the extract and relate it to the rest of the text. What do the secrets of ...

  10. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Essay Writing Guide for GCSE (9-1)

    SAMPLE FROM THE GUIDE. Foreword. In your GCSE English Literature exam, you will be presented with an extract from Robert Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and a question that asks you to offer both a close analysis of the extract plus a commentary of the novel as a whole.Of course, there are many methods one might use to tackle this style of question.

  11. PDF How to plan and write a top mark essay

    How to plan and write a top mark essay - English Literature GCSE. It is important to highlight or underline the important key words in the question and extract that you are given to help you focus on the particular theme or character . In the extract, you may highlight important quotes that relate to the question at hand.

  12. How I got a 9 in GCSE English Literature… You can too!

    Being a visual learner, making diagrams and using colour helped me remeber the key points to mention in each paragraph. For example, using a point, evidence, explain structure and remembering to include context on what the writer is trying to show about society through their choice of language. By the way, I used The Exam Coach's Online Exam ...

  13. How to structure an essay: the best essay structure

    Every good essay has three basic parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. This simple guide will show you how to perfect your essay structure by clearly introducing and concluding your argument, and laying out your paragraphs coherently in between. Your essay writing can be dramatically improved overnight simply by using the correct ...

  14. Romeo and Juliet: Essay Writing Guide for GCSE (9-1)

    SAMPLE FROM THE GUIDE Foreword. In your GCSE English Literature exam, you will be presented with an extract from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and a question that asks you to offer both a close analysis of the extract plus a commentary of the play as a whole.Of course, there are many methods one might use to tackle this style of question.However, there is one particular technique which, due ...

  15. Grade 9: Persuasive Essay ("Changing with the Times")

    Persuasive writing, also known as the argument essay, utilizes logic and reason to show that one idea is more legitimate than another idea. It attempts to persuade a reader to adopt a certain point of view or to take a particular action. The argument must always use sound reasoning and solid evidence by stating facts, giving logical reasons ...

  16. 'Romeo and Juliet'

    Sign up for our GCSE AQA 'Ultimate English Language and English Literature' Revision Course: https://www.firstratetutors.com/gcse-course

  17. An Inspector Calls: Essay Writing Guide for GCSE (9-1)

    In your GCSE English Literature exam, you will be presented with two questions on J. B. Priestley's An Inspector Calls, and you will then be asked to pick just one to answer. Of course, once you've picked the question you prefer, there are many methods you might use to tackle it.

  18. FULL MARK & Grade 9 2019 English Lit AQA GCSE examples

    docx, 14.28 KB. I will (soon) be a univeristy student. These are my essays from Summer 2019 when I sat my English Lit GCSE. Overall I achieved 97% and several full mark answers. Macbeth - 27 Marks. Jekyll and Hyde - 30 Marks. Inspector Calls - 30 Marks. Poetry P&C - 28 Marks. Sorry if the questions on the essays aren't the exact ones on the ...

  19. How Top Grade Students Structure Literature Essays

    Kindle Unlimited lets you read all my ebooks for free for 30 days! https://amzn.to/2LR8ISl00:00 Thesis statement00:37 Thesis for MACBETH03:03 Thesis ROMEO an...

  20. How to Write an Essay Grade 9 by Stephanie Stoyles on Prezi

    Steps to Writing a Thesis Statement. Identify your topic. Narrow down your topic (side of argument/focus of material) Identify you audience and purpose. Identify your three supporting details. Write using a formula to start you off. Edit the thesis after writing the essay if need be. Thesis Statement: This is a statement or sentence outlining ...

  21. Student Grade 9 Essay on Macbeth's Character Mr Salles

    Mr Salles Ultimate Guide to Macbeth https://amzn.to/33QJeKf0:00 Who wrote this essay1:28 Planning for the exam and top grades4:25 Start with a Thesis5:30 Fir...

  22. How To Write A Grade 9 Point For Your Paragraph, Every Single Time

    For English, Maths & Science Tuition, Visit:www.everythingeducation.co.uk