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MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23

INDIAN ECONOMIC POLICY

MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23 : All assignments are in PDF format which would be send on email/WhatsApp (9958676204) just after payment.

Course Code: MEC 205

Assignment Code: MEC 205/AST/2022-23

Maximum Marks: 100

Note: Answer all the questions.

Answer the following questions in about 700 words each. Each question carries 20 marks.

1. “India has the advantage of harnessing the benefits of demographic dividend but this is neither obvious nor guaranteed” Explain.

2. What do you mean by fiscal imbalance? What are the measures of fiscal imbalance? How far the FRBMA has been effective to correct fiscal imbalances?

Answer the following questions in about 400 words each. Each question carries 12 marks.

3. Discuss the challenges involved in meeting the stated aim of doubling farmer’s income. Briefly discuss the role of non-agricultural activities in this regard.

4. Compare and contrast the positive and negative effects of liberalization on the Indian Industrial sector during post 1991 reforms.

5. State the various dimensions of deterioration in the quality of employment in India. Also examine the policy implications of slowdown in women’ workforce participation rate.

6. What is the distinction between social security and social protection? Why social security has become the need of the hour?

7. ‘The quality of life in India is far from satisfactory’ – Comment.

MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23, MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23, MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23, MEC 205 Assignment, IGNOU Assignment MEC 205 2022-23- Gandhi National Open University had recently uploaded the assignments of the present session for Programme for the year 2022-23. MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Students are recommended to download their Assignments from this web page itself. They don’t got to go anywhere else when everything regarding the Assignments are available during this article only.

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MEC-205: Indian Economic Policy

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IGNOU MEC-205 July 2023 - January 2024 - Solved Assignment

Are you looking to download a PDF soft copy of the Solved Assignment MEC-205 - Indian Economic Policy ? Then GullyBaba is the right place for you. We have the Assignment available in English and Hindi language.

This particular Assignment references the syllabus chosen for the subject of Economics , for the July 2023 - January 2024 session. The code for the assignment is MEC-205 and it is often used by students who are enrolled in the MA Degree.

Once students have paid for the Assignment, they can Instantly Download to their PC, Laptop or Mobile Devices in soft copy as a PDF format. After studying the contents of this Assignment, students will have a better grasp of the subject and will be able to prepare for their upcoming tests.

IGNOU MEC-205 (July 2023 - January 2024) Assignment Questions

Answer the following questions in about 700 words each.

1. “The question of Centre-State relations has become the focal point of discussion for a number of reasons”- Comment on this statement and point out the reasons for conflict between Centre and State. 2. “The pattern of structural change in the Indian economy has deviated from the development pattern of Western and South Asian economies.” Examine this statement.

Answer the following questions in about 400 words each.

3. What are the objectives of Monetary policy? Which instruments are used by the RBI to attain these objectives? How far the monetary policy has been effective to control the inflation? 4. Till 17th Contrary India was the largest GDP contributor worldwide. Give an account of reasons for disruption of the traditional Indian economy during British period. 5. Discuss the contribution being made by MSME sector to the Indian economy. Give an account of the policy measures initiated by the Central Government to meet the challenges being encountered by MSME sector. 6. State the features of changing nature of world trade? How far the ‘Make in India’ and ‘Digital India’ programmes are in tune with changing nature of world trade? 7. State the various dimensions of deterioration in the quality of employment in India. Also examine the policy implications of slowdown in women’s workforce participation rate.

IGNOU MEC-205 (July 2022 - January 2023) Assignment Questions

Answer the following questions in about 700 words each. Each question carries 20 marks.

1. “India has the advantage of harnessing the benefits of demographic dividend but this is neither obvious nor guaranteed” Explain.

2. What do you mean by fiscal imbalance? What are the measures of fiscal imbalance? How far the FRBMA has been effective to correct fiscal imbalances?

Answer the following questions in about 400 words each. Each question carries 12 marks.

3. Discuss the challenges involved in meeting the stated aim of doubling farmer’s income. Briefly discuss the role of non-agricultural activities in this regard.

4. Compare and contrast the positive and negative effects of liberalization on the Indian Industrial sector during post 1991 reforms.

5. State the various dimensions of deterioration in the quality of employment in India. Also examine the policy implications of slowdown in women’ workforce participation rate.

6. What is the distinction between social security and social protection? Why social security has become the need of the hour?

7. ‘The quality of life in India is far from satisfactory’ – Comment.

1. "अनेक कारणों से केंद्र तथा राज्यों के बीच संबंध का प्रश्न विचार-विमर्श का केंद्र बिंदु बन गया है"। इस कथन पर टिप्पणी करें। केंद्र तथा राज्यों के बीच विवाद के कारण बताएं।

2. "भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था में ढाँचागत परिवर्तन का प्रतिमान पश्चिमी एवं दक्षिणी एशिया की अर्थव्यवस्थाओं के विकास प्रतिमानों से विचलित हुआ है।" इस कथन का परीक्षण करें।

3. मौद्रिक नीति के क्या उद्देश्य रहे हैं? रिज़र्व बैंक द्वारा इन उद्देश्यों के पूर्ति हेतु किन संयंत्रों का प्रयोग किया जाता है? मुद्रा स्फीति को नियंत्रण करने में मौद्रिक नीति कहाँ तक सफल रही है?

4. सत्रहवीं सदी तक पूरे विश्वभर में सकल घरेलू उत्पादन (GDP) में भारत का सर्वाधिक योगदान रहा। इस आलोक में ब्रिटिश शासन के दौरान परंपरागत भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था में विध्वंश के कारणों का लेखा जोखा दें।

5. भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था में मध्यम एवं लघु उपक्रमों (MSME) द्वारा किये जा रहे योगदान की चर्चा कीजिए । एमएसएमई क्षेत्र द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली चुनौतियों का मुकाबला करने हेतु केंद्र सरकार द्वारा उठाए गए नीतिगत उपायों का लेखा-जोखा दीजिए।

6. विश्व व्यापार की बदलती हुई प्रकृतिगत विशेषताओं को बताइये। 'Make in India' तथा ‘Digital India' कार्यक्रम कहाँ तक विश्व व्यापार की बदलती हुई प्रकृति से सुसंगत हैं।

7. भारत में रोज़गार की गुणवत्ता में गिरावट के विविध आयामों को बताइये। महिलाओं की कार्यशक्ति सहभागिता दर में आई गिरावट के निहितार्थों को बताइये ।

1. "भारत के पास जनांकिकीय लाभांश से लाभान्वित होने के अवसर विद्यमान हैं पर न तो यह सुगम है और न ही गारंटीकृत है"- व्याख्या करें।

2. आप वित्तीय असंतुलन से क्या समझते हैं? वित्तीय असंतुलन के मापक क्या हैं? FRBMA वित्तीय असंतुलन को ठीक करने के लिए कहाँ तक प्रभावी हआ है?

3. कृषकों की आय के दुगुना करने के अभिव्यक्त लक्ष्य को पूरा करने में सम्मिलित चुनौतियों की विवेचना करें। इस संबंध में गैर-कृषि गतिविधियों की भूमिका की संक्षेप में चर्चा करें।

4. 1991 के बाद के आर्थिक सुधारों के तहत औद्योगिक क्षेत्र में लाए गए उदारीकरण के सकारात्मक एवं नकारात्मक प्रभावों के बीच तुलनात्मक अध्ययन करें।

5. भारत में रोजगार की गुणवत्ता में आयी गिरावट के विविध आयामों को बताएं। साथ ही कार्य शक्ति में महिला प्रतिभागिता में आयी गिरावट के नीतिगत निहितार्थों का परीक्षण करें।

6. सामाजिक सुरक्षा तथा सामाजिक संरक्षण के बीच क्या अंतर है? सामाजिक सुरक्षा आज समय की माँग क्यों बन गयी है?

7. “भारत में जीवन की गुणवत्ता संतुष्टि के स्तर से काफी नीचे है"- टिप्पणी करें।

MEC-205 Assignment Details

• University IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University)
• Title Indian Economic Policy
• Language(s) English and Hindi
• Session July 2023 - January 2024
• Code MEC-205
• Subject Economics
• Degree(s) MA
• Course Core Courses (CC)
• Author Gullybaba.com Panel
• Publisher Gullybaba Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

Assignment Submission End Date

The IGNOU open learning format requires students to submit study Assignments. Here is the final end date of the submission of this particular assignment according to the university calendar.

• 30th April  (if Enrolled in the June Exams)
• 31st October (if Enrolled in the December Exams).

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Here are the PDF files that you can Download for this Assignment. You can pick the language of your choice and see other relevant information such as the Session, File Size and Format.

English Language

• July 2023 - January 2024 14 Pages (0.00 ), PDF Format SKU: IGNGB-AS-MA-MEC205-EN-373
• July 2022 - January 2023 18 Pages (0.00 ), PDF Format SKU: IGNGB-AS-MA-MEC205-EN-343

Hindi Language

• July 2023 - January 2024 18 Pages (0.00 ), PDF Format SKU: IGNGB-AS-MA-MEC205-HI-373
• July 2022 - January 2023 18 Pages (0.00 ), PDF Format SKU: IGNGB-AS-MA-MEC205-HI-178

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In addition to this Assignment, there are also other Assignments related to the MA Economics you are preparing for. Here we have listed other Assignments that were bought along with this one.

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IGNOU MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23 : MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2023 , MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23, MEC 205 Assignment 2022-23 , MEC 205 Assignment, IGNOU MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23 IGNOU Assignments 2022-23- Gandhi National Open University had recently uploaded the assignments of the present session for MEG Programme for the year 2022-23. Students are recommended to download their Assignments from this webpage itself.

• 1.1 1. “India has the advantage of harnessing the benefits of demographic dividend but this is neither obvious nor guaranteed” Explain.
• 1.2 2. What do you mean by fiscal imbalance? What are the measures of fiscal imbalance? How far the FRBMA has been effective to correct fiscal imbalances?
• 1.3 3. Discuss the challenges involved in meeting the stated aim of doubling farmer’s income. Briefly discuss the role of non-agricultural activities in this regard.
• 1.4 4. Compare and contrast the positive and negative effects of liberalization on the Indian Industrial sector during post 1991 reforms. 5. State the various dimensions of deterioration in the quality of employment in India. Also examine the policy implications of slowdown in women’ workforce participation rate. 6. What is the distinction between social security and social protection? Why social security has become the need of the hour?
• 1.5 Get IGNOU MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Now  here from this website.
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Important Note – IGNOU MEC 205 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.

Submission Date :

• 31st March 2033 (if enrolled in the July 2033 Session)
• 30th Sept, 2033 (if enrolled in the January 2033 session).

SECTION – A

1. “India has the advantage of harnessing the benefits of demographic dividend but this is neither obvious nor guaranteed” Explain.

2. what do you mean by fiscal imbalance what are the measures of fiscal imbalance how far the frbma has been effective to correct fiscal imbalances.

Ans. Fiscal imbalance occurs when there is a mismatch between a government’s future debt obligations and future income streams. Vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalance are the two types of imbalance that can impact a government’s expenditures and revenues.

Vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalance are the two types of imbalance that can impact a government’s expenditures and revenues.

A vertical fiscal imbalance occurs when revenues do not match expenditures for different government levels.

A horizontal fiscal imbalance occurs when revenues do not match expenditures for different regions of the country.

Fiscal imbalance occurs when a government’s future debt obligations are not in balance with its future income streams. There are two types of imbalances that can impact a government’s expenditures and revenue: vertical fiscal imbalance and horizontal fiscal imbalance.

Obligations and income streams are measured at their respective present values and discounted at the risk-free rate plus a certain spread. If a government incurs a sustained fiscal imbalance, then tax burdens will likely increase in the future, causing current and future household consumption to fall.

Fiscal imbalance generally occurs when a government’s spending (and resulting debt) outstrips its long-term ability to raise revenue to finance its spending and debt. This often occurs when a government takes on long-term spending obligations based on overly optimistic estimates of the cost of the obligations, or the ability or willingness of taxpayers to finance them.

A horizontal fiscal imbalance describes a situation in which revenues do not match expenditures for different regions of the country. Horizontal fiscal imbalances are often used to justify equalization transfers or payments to a state or province from the federal government to offset monetary imbalances between different parts of the country.

A horizontal fiscal imbalance occurs when sub-national governments do not have the same capabilities in terms of raising funds from their tax bases to provide public services. This type of fiscal imbalance creates differences in net fiscal benefits, which are a combination of levels of taxation and public services. These benefits are also often used as part of the justification to require transfer payments and redistribution of wealth from some regions to others.

A vertical fiscal imbalance describes a situation in which revenues do not match expenditures for different levels of government. A vertical fiscal imbalance is a structural issue that can be resolved if revenue and expenditure responsibilities can be reassigned. For example, if a state requires its towns and cities to provide educational services but leaves responsibility for funding up to local property or other taxes, this can create a vertical imbalance unless the state also contributes funding to help meet the fiscal obligation it created for its towns and cities.

The Greek debt crisis had its origins in the fiscal profligacy of previous governments. After Greece joined the European Community in 1981, its economy and finances were in good shape, but its financial situation deteriorated dramatically over the next 30 years.

Over the decades, control of the government went back and forth between the leftist Panhellenic Socialist Movement and the New Democracy Party. In an attempt to keep the populace happy, both parties enacted liberal welfare policies that created an inefficient economy. As a result of low productivity, eroding competitiveness, and rampant tax evasion, the government resorted to a massive debt binge to keep the government afloat.

SECTION – B

3. Discuss the challenges involved in meeting the stated aim of doubling farmer’s income. Briefly discuss the role of non-agricultural activities in this regard.

Ans. The Niti Aayog recently came out with its ‘Three Year Action Agenda’ – a plan that covers a time period that is politically crucial as it leads up to the 2019 Lok Sabha elections.

In its chapter on agriculture titled ‘Agriculture: Doubling Farmer’s Incomes’, the economic think-tank has put forth a four-point action plan to double the incomes of India’s farmers.

Although there is nothing radically new in what has been suggested by the Niti Aayog, the measures proposed are in the right direction if the farmers’ incomes have to be doubled. However, various experts have cast a pall of gloom over the claim that is indeed possible to double incomes by 2022-23. This is primarily because agricultural growth in the post-reform period, barring a few exceptional years, has been stagnant and has historically failed to meet the target set by the government. For example the average annual rate of growth in agriculture and allied sector during the period from (1991-92 to 2013-14) comes at 3.2% – lower than the targeted 4%.

The four point action plan includes the following measures: 1) Remunerative prices for farmers by reforming the existing marketing structure; 2) Raising productivity; 3) Reforming agriculture land policy; and 4) Relief measures. It is important to see how these actions will double the income of the farmers’ and to what extent the government is serious about it.

An intimate dissection

At the outset it is important to highlight the current state of Indian agriculture, thus setting the context for our quest to double farmer income.

It must be noted that agriculture and allied activities remains the main livelihood for more than half of the Indian population. The Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011, released in 2015, also indicates that out of 24.39 crore households in the country, 17.91 crore lived in villages and are more or less dependent on agriculture. Further, the Economic Survey of 2015-16 highlights that the share of agriculture in employment was 48.9% of the workforce while its share in gross domestic product (GDP) was 17.4% in 2014-15 at constant (2011-12) prices. Additionally this year’s Economic Survey projects the growth rate for the agriculture and allied sector for 2016-17 to be 4.1% on the basis of the first advance estimates of the Central Statistics Office. With this backdrop it is interesting to dissect the Niti Aayog’s four point action plan.

Point 1: Remunerative prices

Under this point, the Niti Aayog has suggested reforms in two areas: marketing reforms and minimum support price (MSP) reform. However it must be noted here that since agriculture is a state subject, the central government cannot do much here apart from facilitating the reform process.

Under marketing reforms, the think-tank has highlighted as to how currently existing agricultural marketing – under the Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMC) acts in various states – has led to policy distortions and fragmentation, largely as a result of a huge number of intermediaries and poor infrastructure. The plan highlights that because of the APMC acts, farmers are required to sell a large number of commodities in local mandis where different layers of intermediaries often manipulate the price, thus depriving them of their fair share.

Sukhpal Singh and Shruti Bhogal in their analysis in Economic and Political Weekly, highlight how farmers have become dependent on commission agents because of the intermediary culture propagated by the present APMC acts. They further, using the data from their field study, highlighted how these intermediaries trap the farmers in a vicious circle of indebtedness. The impact of these intermediaries can be gauged from their study that reveals that almost 38% of Punjab’s total agricultural debt was channelled through non-institutional sources, the majority of which is usually financed by intermediaries to the farmers. Not only is the interest rate charged by the intermediaries exorbitantly high (sometimes even 20%) but they also force the farmers to sell his produce to them only.

In order to address the shortcomings of the APMC acts, the central government circulated a model Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (Development and Regulation) Act of 2003. However, as the Economic Survey of 2013-14 observes that despite this, states have failed to address monopolistic and uncompetitive practices in the inter-state trading of agricultural products. Further, the Committee on Agricultural Reforms (2013) noted that, “By and large, the APMCs have emerged as some sort of Government sponsored monopolies in supply of marketing services/ facilities, with all drawbacks and inefficiency associated with a monopoly”.

In this background, it will be interesting to see how new reforms – with regard to empowering farmers to sell their produce to whomever they wish and allowing actors other than APMC mandis to buy produce – are embraced by India’s states.

If one goes by past experience, it is not a rosy picture. For example as of February 2, 2016, only 21 states and union territories have allowed the establishment of private market yards/ private markets managed by a person other than a market committee and this is only one of the numerous proposed reforms. On other reforms the number of states which have reformed the act is much less.

The MSP regime in India has been a subject of heated debate in recent years. MSP is not only increasing year by year but since the mid-1990s the rise in the MSP has been sharper than the rise in consumer and wholesale price indices. The major disadvantage of MSP regime is that it totally ignores the demand dimension, thereby resulting in not only an inefficient use of resources but also accumulation of unwarranted stocks of cereals. Since resources for agriculture – water and land – are scarce, it is very important to use the resources efficiently if our aim is to double the income of the farmers.

The Niti Aayog has aptly highlighted the distortion in cropping patterns caused by MSP regime. Since the MSP regime favours cultivation of wheat, rice and sugarcane, not only has it led to reduction in the area under acreage of other crops like pulses, oil seed and coarse grains but it has also led to, as highlighted above, accumulation of unwarranted stocks of cereals. While the Economic Survey of 2015-16 pitched for replacement of SP/procurement based PDS with DBT and freeing the market control on domestic movement and imports, the Niti Aayog, on the other hand, has suggested a system of “price deficiency payments” to cure the distortion caused by the MSP regime.

Under this system a subsidy would be provided on targeted produce in case the price falls below MSP-linked threshold. One advantage of this, as highlighted by the action plan, is that it would spread price incentives to producers in all the regions and all the crops considered important for providing price support.

4. Compare and contrast the positive and negative effects of liberalization on the Indian Industrial sector during post 1991 reforms. 5. State the various dimensions of deterioration in the quality of employment in India. Also examine the policy implications of slowdown in women’ workforce participation rate. 6. What is the distinction between social security and social protection? Why social security has become the need of the hour?

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MEC-205 INDIAN ECONOMIC POLICY in English Solved Assignment 2022-2023

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Note: Answer all the questions. SECTION-A Answer the following questions in about 700 words each. Each question carries 20 marks. 1. “India has the advantage of harnessing the benefits of demographic dividend but this is neither obvious nor guaranteed” Explain. 2. What do you mean by fiscal imbalance? What are the measures of fiscal imbalance? How far the FRBMA has been effective to correct fiscal imbalances? SECTION B Answer the following questions in about 400 words each. Each question carries 12 marks. 3. Discuss the challenges involved in meeting the stated aim of doubling farmer’s income. Briefly discuss the role of non-agricultural activities in this regard. 4. Compare and contrast the positive and negative effects of liberalization on the Indian Industrial sector during post 1991 reforms. 5. State the various dimensions of deterioration in the quality of employment in India. Also examine the policy implications of slowdown in women’ workforce participation rate. 6. What is the distinction between social security and social protection? Why social security has become the need of the hour? 7. ‘The quality of life in India is far from satisfactory’ – Comment

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Its been extended to 31 May 2020.

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The Top 12 Things to Do in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Take a first-rate trip to Russia's fifth city

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Although it's Russia's fifth-largest city, you could be forgiven for never having heard of Nizhny Novgorod. Notwithstanding that another Russian city is simply called " Novgorod ," the current name of the city just doesn't have a memorable ring to it. (By contrast, its name during the Soviet years — Gorky, like the famous author — was much more iconic.) At any rate, this city of just over a million around six hours east of Moscow is more than worth a visit. These are just 12 reasons why!

Tour the Kremlin's 13 Towers

Like most every other city in Russia, Nizhny Novgorod is home to a Kremlin. (The word "kremlin" means "citadel" in Russian, and has nothing to do with the modern Russian government) One thing that elevated the Kremlin of Nizhny Novgorod above others in Russia (with the possible exception of the Moscow Kremlin and one or two others), however, is the fact that its wall has 13 towers. During the summer months, at least one free walking tour per day operates from the main entrance of Nizhny Novgorod's Kremlin.

Climb Russia's Longest Staircase

Named for one of the most famous Russian pilots of the early aviation age (Valery Chkalov), the Chkalov Stairs connect two of Nizhny Novgorod's public squares, which sit on the upper and lower embankments of the Volga River, respectively. Built in 1943 (during the period when Nizhny Novgorod was known as Gorky), the Chkalov Stairs currently have the distinction of being the longest staircase in Russia.

Go Wild at Limpopo Zoo

One thing that surprises many travelers to Nizhny Novgorod is how amazing its zoo, colloquially known as Limpopo is. In addition to being home to a tropical botanical garden (which, not surprisingly, is indoors), the zoo hosts a variety of reptiles, mammals and birds. There's also a small sculpture park on the grounds of Nizhny Novgorod's zoo, including both original and replica pieces.

Shop (or Just Stroll) Along a Storied High Street

Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street has been the de-facto "Main Street" of Nizhny Novgorod for more than 200 years. Well, minus the Soviet Union period, during which the cafes that once (and now) lined it became somewhat worthless, since intellectual conversations were basically forbidden. These days, you can come here for a cup of Russian tea then shop at the dozens of boutiques you'll find on either side of the street.

Sun Yourself at the Spit

Nizhny Novgorod sits at the confluence of the Oka and Volga Rivers, with the triangle of land at the point they meet being known as the Nizhny Novgorod Spit. Ignoring the unfortunate double-meaning of its name for a moment, this is actually a wonderful place to get a tan, if it's summer in the city and the sun happens to be shining. Even if not, photographers will enjoy a trip here for a view of the Kremlin and city center across the Volga.

Marvel at the Open-Air Museum of Rozhdestvenskaya Street

Like Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street, Rozhdestvenskaya Street has long been one of the most important streets in Nizhny Novgorod. However, while the former has become a primarily commercial artery in recent decades, the charm of the latter is in its well-maintained buildings, which hearken back to the mid-18th century. In fact, some locals go so far as to consider Rozhdestvenskaya Street an "open-air museum."

Ride Russia's Newest Cable Car

Russian investment in infrastructure isn't quite as dramatic as that of, say, China, but the Federation has nonetheless built a selection of interesting and modern transportation systems since the fall of the USSR. Among them is the just-opened cable car, which travels from the center of Nizhny Novgorod over the Volga River to suburban Bor. At any rate, a ride over the river and back is definitely worth inclusion on your list of things to do in Nizhny Novgorod.

Taste Traditional Shchi Soup

Shchi is one of Nizhy Novgorod's most delicious local specialties, available in most every local restaurant that serves Russian food. From above, a bowl of shchi seems incredibly complicated, with a colorful palette that suggests the inclusion of dozens of diverse ingredients. In fact, the magic of shchi is in its simplicity. Building on the traditional pan-Russian recipe of cabbage, pork fat and salt (yes, just three ingredients), locals in Nizhny Novgorod sometimes add minced meat or egg whites as bonus items, then top the tangy soup with a dollop of sour cream.

Survey Amazing Russian Orthodox Architecture

Think the only amazing Russian Orthodox churches are in Moscow and St. Petersburg? Think again. Nizhny Novgorod boasts several amazing examples of Russian Orthodox architecture. From the brilliant golde domes John the Baptist Cathedral near the Volga River, to the expansive grounds of 14th-century Pechersky Ascension Monastery, Nizhny Novgorod is an architecture buff's dream!

Take a Look Back in Time

Nizhny Novgorod's historical center is relatively large and well-preserved, but a stroll (or 10) through it isn't the only way to get a feel for the city's centuries-long past. Head to the Russian Museum of Photography, which not only showcases a variety of images of Nizhny Novgorod that date back a century or even longer, but also spotlights the equipment Russian photographers have used throughout the years, and notable figures in Russia's photography history as well.

Visit the Convent from the Movie "Salt"

You'd be forgiven if you've entirely forgotten the 2010 film "Salt." However, if you remember any destination from this spy thriller, it's likely the facade of Makaryev Convent, which is located within day-trip distance of Nizhny Novgorod. Having served as a monastery from its consecration in the early 15th century up until the beginning of the Russian Revolution, Makaryev became a convent after the fall of the Soviet Union , and is now home to 22 nuns.

Take an Excursion to a 12th-Century Tea Town

Another worthwhile day trip from Nizhny Novgorod is to the town of Gorodets, which sits about an hour to its northwest. With a history dating back to the 12th century, Gorodets boasts an interesting array of architecture and museums, including one dedicated to samovars. 

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