presentation of love

• Bipolar Disorder
• Therapy Center
• When To See a Therapist
• Types of Therapy
• Best Online Therapy
• Best Couples Therapy
• Best Family Therapy
• Managing Stress
• Sleep and Dreaming
• Understanding Emotions
• Self-Improvement
• Healthy Relationships
• Student Resources
• Personality Types
• Guided Meditations
• Verywell Mind Insights
• 2023 Verywell Mind 25
• Mental Health in the Classroom
• Editorial Process
• Meet Our Review Board
• Crisis Support

What Are the Five Love Languages?

Knowing your partner's love language could strengthen your relationship

Sherri Gordon, CLC is a published author, certified professional life coach, and bullying prevention expert. She's also the former editor of Columbus Parent and has countless years of experience writing and researching health and social issues.

Ivy Kwong, LMFT, is a psychotherapist specializing in relationships, love and intimacy, trauma and codependency, and AAPI mental health.  

Adah Chung is a fact checker, writer, researcher, and occupational therapist. 

Verywell / Alison Czinkota

• The 5 Love Languages
• Identify Your Love Language
• Benefits of Love Languages

Love Languages in Everyday Life

Frequently asked questions.

The five love languages describe five ways that people receive and express love in a relationship. These are words of affirmation, quality time, physical touch, acts of service, and receiving gifts.

Knowing your partner's love language and letting them know yours is a way to help you both feel loved and appreciated. Author and pastor Gary Chapman describes how to use these love languages to show your partner you care for them in a way that speaks to their heart.

The Five Love Languages

Chapman's book "The 5 Love Languages" was first published in 1992. Before writing the book, Chapman began to notice patterns in couples he was counseling. He realized that the couples were misunderstanding each other's needs.

That led him to come up with five love languages, or ways that people in relationships express love. They are:

• Words of affirmation
• Quality time
• Physical touch
• Acts of service
• Receiving gifts

Words of Affirmation

"Words of affirmation" is about expressing affection through spoken words, praise, or appreciation. When this is someone's primary love language, they enjoy kind words and encouragement, uplifting quotes, love notes, and cute text messages. You can make this person's day by complimenting them or pointing out what they do well.

Quality Time

Someone with this love language values your full presence when you are together. They feel most loved if you give them your undivided attention and spend time together in meaningful and interactive ways. This means putting down the cell phone, turning off the computer, making eye contact, thoughtfully interacting, and  actively listening .

People with this love language are looking for quality over quantity.

Physical Touch

A person with physical touch as their primary love language feels love through physical affection. Aside from sex, they feel loved when their partner holds their hand, touches their arm, or gives them a massage at the end of the day, for example.

This person's idea of a wonderful date night might be cuddling on the couch while watching a movie, slow dancing together with a lot of physical contact, or taking a long walk together while holding hands. They feel most loved when physically interacting with their partner.

Acts of Service

Acts of service are nice things you do for your partner that make them feel loved and appreciated, such as:

• Helping with the dishes
• Running errands
• Putting gas in the car

If your partner's main love language is acts of service, they'll notice and appreciate little things you do for them. They tend to perform acts of service and kindness for others, too.

Receiving Gifts

For someone who resonates with this love language, gifts symbolize love, care, and affection. They treasure not only the gift itself but also the time and effort the gift-giver put into selecting it.

People who enjoy receiving gifts as part of their primary love language do not necessarily expect large or expensive presents; it's more the effort and thoughtfulness behind the gift that count.

When you take the time to pick out a gift specifically for them, it tells them you are thoughtful and really know and care about them and their preferences. People with this love language can often remember every little gift they have received from their loved ones because it makes such an impact on them.

Are There Other Love Languages?

According to Chapman's framework, the original five love languages have stayed the same, but that doesn't mean there aren't other ways to express and receive love.

This is just one framework, and there have been several proposed additions over the years. For example, ideas like shared experiences and emotional security. The more we think about ourselves and what fills our relationship tank, the more ways we have to help our partner love us in the way we most want to be loved.

How to Identify Your Love Language

In a relationship, do you feel more loved when your partner:

• Tells you, "I love you," or praises something you did?
• Surprises you with a meaningful gift?
• Plans a trip for just the two of you?
• Runs the errands or does the laundry?
• Holds your hand while you're walking?

Answering these questions could give you a hint as to what your love language might be. You could also try to recall the sorts of things you ask for in a relationship or consider how you express love to your partner.

Your partner's love language might not be the same as yours. When couples have different primary love languages, there are bound to be misunderstandings. However, if your partner learns to speak your love language (and you, theirs), they will likely feel loved, appreciated, and, ultimately, happier in the relationship.

Take our fast, free quiz to find out your love language:

This love languages quiz was reviewed by Sabrina Romanoff, PsyD.

How Love Languages Benefit Relationships

We all express and receive love differently. Learning and understanding those differences can have a meaningful impact on your relationship. According to Chapman, this is one of the simplest ways to improve your relationships. Here are some other ways learning your respective love languages could be beneficial.

Love Languages Promote Selflessness

When you are committed to learning someone else's love language, you are  focused on their needs rather than your own. This is the central premise of Chapman's theory. Couples should make an effort to learn and respond to their partner's love language rather than trying to convince their partner to change to their own. Ideally, both people will want to express and share love in a way that is meaningful to the other..

The entire purpose of exploring your love languages together is to learn how to love your partner in a way that is meaningful to them.

Love Languages Create Empathy

As you learn more about how your partner experiences love, you learn to empathize with them. It helps you step outside of yourself for a moment and take a look at what makes another person feel significant and loved.

When couples are committed to learning and using the love languages, they increase their emotional intelligence and learn how to put someone else's needs above their own. Instead of speaking their own love language to their partner, they learn how to speak in a language that their partner understands.

Love Languages Help Maintain Intimacy

Regularly talking about what keeps your love tanks full can build more understanding—and ultimately,  intimacy —in your relationship. You'll not only learn more about one another, but you'll also connect in more meaningful and significant ways. When this happens, your relationship deepens in intimacy.

A 2016 review published in the Global Journal of Health Science concluded that improving communication skills can aid intimacy in a marriage.

Love Languages Aid Personal Growth

Focusing on something or someone outside of yourself can lead to personal growth. Loving your partner in ways that are outside your comfort zone can inspire and motivate you to grow and change , and to look at ways of thinking and being beyond yourself.

Love Languages Help You Share Love in Meaningful Ways

When couples start speaking one another's love language, the things they do for each other become more intentional and meaningful. They are saying "I love you" in ways that make sense to their partners, who then receive that love and feel more noticed, content, and appreciated.

According to Chapman, love languages also apply to relationships between parents and children, among coworkers, and among friends. For example, if your child's primary love language is words of affirmation, they'd like to hear verbal praise or, "I love you." It's highly individual: A coworker might feel more appreciated if you use one love language instead of another.

Your love language can also change occasionally. For instance, if you had a bad day at work, you might prefer a hug from your partner rather than an encouraging word.

The key is to regularly communicate and ask  what your partner needs to feel cherished , heard, appreciated, and loved. Once you have checked in, you can take the information learned and put it into practice.

Criticisms of the Love Language Theory

Though learning the love languages helps many people communicate better with their partners, there are limitations to the theory and how people apply it to their relationships.

Many People Misuse the Languages

Some people get a bit competitive about using love languages, which can actually strain a relationship. For example, you might start keeping track of all the times you use your partner's love language and compare it to how many times your partner used yours.

The love languages are intended to give you more awareness and options when it comes to giving and receiving intimacy, not to be used for control, punishment, or manipulation.

Love languages can be a way to open up communication and compassion, but you shouldn't use them as games or weapons against your partner. Some people continue to use their own language (instead of their partner's) to show they care—and that's OK.

You can be in a relationship with someone who doesn't share your love language. Try to be understanding and open. You can recognize and appreciate your partner’s actions even if they don’t match your own language perfectly.

They Don't Fix Other Relationship Problems

The five love languages won't fix all of your relationship issues ; they are simply one tool of many you can use to improve communication with your partner.

Research shows that couples who use each other's love languages feel the happiest within their relationships when they also use self-regulation tools to handle their own emotions. While the love languages were a tool, the couples' accountability for their emotions and behavioral changes contributed the most to their overall happiness.

Your love language can change, too. It's important to accept and expect that love languages can change over time, especially given life stressors or major changes such as having children.

They May Lead to Pressure on Partners

Many people talk about love languages in the context of committed relationships or marriage. Remember that learning and understanding your own love language is an important tool for you to practice self-love.

You want to avoid putting too much pressure on your partner to consistently express your love language to you.

One study found that the biggest obstacle for couples who were using each other's love languages was that the recipient often didn't recognize that their partner was trying to use their love language.

It's important for the giver to communicate and for the recipient to recognize and show appreciation for their partner's efforts, even if they don't exactly meet expectations. This positive feedback will allow learning to happen and changes to continue instead of shaming which leads to shutdown

They Perpetuate Heteronormativity

Chapman’s original model focuses on heterosexual couples even though the theory can apply to any partnership regardless of their sexual orientation. If you're reading "The 5 Love Languages" and you aren't in a heterosexual relationship or you aren't heteronormative, it might feel frustrating to be excluded from the text.

What is heteronormativity?

Heteronormativity is the assumption that all people are straight and that romantic and sexual relationships are always between one man and one woman. It assumes that heterosexuality is the default sexual orientation and that it's the only normal or natural way to express sexuality and attraction.

Keep in Mind

Once you and your partner know each other's love language, you both can benefit. Speaking your partner's love language can take a bit of effort and intention, though, especially if it is different from yours. Remember, healthy relationships aren't born; they're developed through attention and effort.

The good news is that you can enhance your relationship by learning your partner's love languages and putting them into practice. And, if you both are committed to loving one another in the ways that speak to both of you, you will find yourself not only deeper in love, but also in a more meaningful and fulfilling relationship.

In 1997, Gary Chapman wrote a book with Ross Campbell, MD, about how the five love languages can apply to children as well. In it, he describes methods of observing which love language your child may resonate with. There is also a quiz that a parent can take on behalf of their child. It is available on the Five Love Languages website .

The easiest way to determine your partner's love language is to have them take the quiz. You could also consider what they ask for or do most in a relationship. Do they frequently bring you thoughtful gifts? Or tell you they love you? This could be a hint as to what their love language might be.

Kardan-Souraki M, Hamzehgardeshi Z, Asadpour I, Mohammadpour RA, Khani S. A review of marital intimacy-enhancing interventions among married individuals . Glob J Health Sci . 2016;8(8):74-93. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v8n8p74

5 Love Languages. Frequently asked questions .

Hughes JL, Camden AA. Using Chapman’s five love languages theory to predict love and relationship satisfaction . PsiChiJournal. 2020;25(3):234-244. doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn25.3.234

Bunt S, Hazelwood ZJ. Walking the walk, talking the talk: Love languages, self-regulation, and relationship satisfaction . Pers Relationship. 2017;24(2):280-290. doi:10.1111/pere.12182

Campbell R, Chapman G. The 5 Love Languages of Children: The Secret to Loving Children Effectively . Moody Publishers.

Chapman G. The 5 Love Languages: The Secret to Love That Lasts . Moody Publishers.

By Sherri Gordon Sherri Gordon, CLC is a published author, certified professional life coach, and bullying prevention expert. She's also the former editor of Columbus Parent and has countless years of experience writing and researching health and social issues.

• Relationships

Plato on True Love

Plato's account of true love is still the most subtle and beautiful there is..

Posted June 23, 2012 | Reviewed by Kaja Perina

• Why Relationships Matter
• Find a therapist to strengthen relationships

[Article updated on 7 September 2017]

Papyrus of Plato's Phaedrus

He whom love touches not walks in darkness . —Plato

Whereas Aristotle is not nearly as interested in erotic love ( erôs ) as he is in friendship ( philia ), for Plato the best kind of friendship is that which lovers can have for each other. It is a philia that is born out of erôs, and that in turn feeds back into erôs to strengthen and to develop it.

Like philosophy itself, erôs aims at transcending human existence, at connecting it with the eternal and infinite, and thereby at achieving the only species of immortality that is open to us as human beings. Not only does philia strengthen and develop erôs, but it also transforms it from a lust for possession into a shared desire for a higher level of understanding of the self, the other, and the universe. In short, philia transforms erôs from a lust for possession into an impulse for philosophy.

As Nietzsche put it in his book of 1882, The Gay Science ,

Here and there on earth we may encounter a kind of continuation of love in which this possessive craving of two people for each other gives way to a new desire and lust for possession—a shared higher thirst for an ideal above them. But who knows such love? Who has experienced it? Its right name is friendship.

In other words, if erotic love can be transformed into the best kind of friendship, then it can open up a blissful life of shared understanding in which desire, friendship, and philosophy are in perfect resonance with one another.

Plato’s theory of love is fleshed out in the Phaedrus and the Symposium . Like many Greeks of his era and social position, Plato is most interested in the same-sex desire that can exist between an older and a younger man, but there is no reason to suppose that his theory of love does not also apply to other kinds of erotic relationship.

That having been said, Plato distinguishes the kind of love that can give rise to philia from a baser kind of love that is enjoyed by those who are more given to the body than to the soul. Rather than underpin the search for truth, this baser kind of love is almost designed to impede it, and calls into my mind the song of Fanny Crowne in Aldous Huxley’s dystopian novel of 1932, Brave New World .

In this song, Fanny Crowne compares love to soma, a hallucinogenic drug that has been engineered to take users on enjoyable, hangover-free ‘holidays’, and that is described as having ‘all the advantages of Christianity and alcohol [but] none of their defects’.

Hug me till you drug me, honey; Kiss me till I’m in a coma: Hug me, honey, snugly bunny; Love’s as good as soma.

In the Phaedrus , Socrates says that, although madness can be an illness, it can also be the source of man’s greatest blessings. There are four forms of such ‘divine madness’, prophecy from Apollo, holy prayers and mystic rites from Dionysus, poetry from the Muses, and—the highest form—love from Aphrodite and Eros. The madness of love arises from seeing the beauty of the earth and being reminded of true, universal beauty. Unfortunately, most earthly souls are so corrupted by the body, ‘that living tomb which we carry about’, that they lose all memory for the universals. When their eyes fall upon the beauty of the earth, they are merely given over to pleasure, and ‘like a brutish beast’ rush on to enjoy and beget.

In contrast, the earthly soul that is able to remember true, universal beauty and so to feel true love gazes upon the face of his beloved and reverences it as an expression of the divine—of temperance, justice, and knowledge absolute. As his eyes catch those of his beloved, a shudder passes into an unusual heat and perspiration. The parts of the soul out of which the wings grew, and which had hitherto been closed and rigid, begin to melt open, and small wings begin to swell and grow from the root upwards.

Like a child whose teeth are just starting to grow in, and its gums are all aching and itching—that is exactly how the soul feels when it begins to grow wings. It swells up and aches and tingles as it grows them.

The lover feels the utmost joy when he is with his beloved and the most intense longing when they are separated. When they are separated, the parts out of which the lover’s wings are growing begin to dry out and close up, and the pain is such that he prizes his beloved above all else, utterly unable to think a bad thought about him, let alone to betray or forsake him.

The lover whose soul was once the follower of Zeus among all the other gods seeks out a beloved who shares in his god’s philosophical and imperial nature, and then does all he can to confirm this nature in him. Thus, the desire of the divinely inspired lover can only be fair and blissful to the beloved. In time, the beloved, who is no common fool, comes to realize that his divinely inspired lover is worth more to him than all his other friends and kinsmen put together, and that neither human discipline nor divine inspiration could have offered him any greater blessing.

Thus great are the heavenly blessings which the friendship of a lover will confer upon you ... Whereas the attachment of the non-lover, which is alloyed with a worldly prudence and has worldly and niggardly ways of doling out benefits, will breed in your soul those vulgar qualities which the populace applaud, will send you bowling round the earth during a period of nine thousand years, and leave you a fool in the world below.

There is in terms of the ideas covered quite a lot of overlap between the Phaedrus and the Symposium . However, whereas in the Phaedrus Plato emphasizes the relationship that love has to the divine and hence to the eternal and infinite, in the Symposium he emphasizes more the relationship that it has to the practice of philosophy, the search for happiness , and the contemplation of truth.

In the Symposium , Socrates argues that, if love is not of nothing, then it is of something, and if it is of something, then it is of something that is desired, and therefore of something that is not possessed. He then relates a conversation that he once had with a priestess called Diotima of Mantinea, from whom he learned the art of love. Diotima (‘honoured by the gods’) told him that the something that love desires but does not possess consists of extremely beautiful and extremely good things, and particularly of wisdom , which is both extremely beautiful and extremely good.

Love, said Diotima, must not be confused with the object of love, which, in contrast to love itself, is perfectly beautiful and perfectly good. If love desires but does not possess beautiful and good things, then love cannot, as most people think, be a god. Love is in truth the child of Poverty and Resource, always in need, but always inventive. He is not a god but a great spirit ( daimon ) who intermediates between gods and men. As such, he is neither mortal nor immortal, neither wise nor ignorant, but a lover of wisdom ( philosophos ). No one who is wise wants to become wise, so too no one who is ignorant wants to become wise. ‘For herein is the evil of ignorance, that he who is neither good nor wise is nevertheless satisfied with himself: he has no desire for that of which he feels no want.’

The aim of loving beautiful and good things is to possess them, because the possession of beautiful and good things is happiness, and happiness is an end-in-itself.

Diotima then told Socrates of the proper way to learn to love beauty. A youth should first be taught to love one beautiful body so that he comes to realize that this beautiful body shares beauty with other beautiful bodies, and thus that it is foolish to love just one beautiful body. In loving all beautiful bodies, he learns to appreciate that the beauty of the soul is superior to the beauty of the body, and begins to love those who are beautiful in soul regardless of whether they are also beautiful in body.

Once he has transcended the physical, he gradually finds that beautiful practices and customs and the various kinds of knowledge also share in a common beauty. Finally, he is able to experience beauty itself, rather than the various apparitions of beauty. By exchanging the various apparitions of virtue for virtue itself, he gains immortality and the love of the gods. This is why love is so important, and why it deserves so much praise.

For Aristotle, happiness involves the exercise of reason because the capacity to reason is the distinctive function of human beings. However, it could be argued that the distinctive function of human beings is not the capacity to reason but the capacity to form meaningful, loving relationships.

Plato reconciles these positions by blending desire, friendship, and philosophy into a single total experience that transcends and transforms human existence and that connects it with the timeless and universal truths of the eternal and infinite. For Plato, truth and authenticity are a higher value than either reason or love, which aim at them, and a higher value even than happiness, which is merely the manifestation of their presence.

Neel Burton is author of The Gang of Three: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle .

Neel Burton, M.D. , is a psychiatrist, philosopher, and writer who lives and teaches in Oxford, England.

• Find a Therapist
• Find a Treatment Center
• Find a Psychiatrist
• Find a Support Group
• Find Teletherapy
• United States
• Brooklyn, NY
• Chicago, IL
• Houston, TX
• Los Angeles, CA
• New York, NY
• Portland, OR
• San Diego, CA
• San Francisco, CA
• Seattle, WA
• Washington, DC
• Asperger's
• Bipolar Disorder
• Chronic Pain
• Eating Disorders
• Passive Aggression
• Personality
• Goal Setting
• Positive Psychology
• Stopping Smoking
• Low Sexual Desire
• Child Development
• Therapy Center NEW
• Diagnosis Dictionary
• Types of Therapy

Understanding what emotional intelligence looks like and the steps needed to improve it could light a path to a more emotionally adept world.

• Coronavirus Disease 2019
• Affective Forecasting
• Neuroscience

• Ultimate Combo

• Sign Out Sign Out Sign In

457 Best Love-Themed Templates for PowerPoint & Google Slides

With over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too" id="category_description">crystalgraphics creates templates designed to make even average presentations look incredible. below you’ll see thumbnail sized previews of the title slides of a few of our 457 best love templates for powerpoint and google slides. the text you’ll see in in those slides is just example text. the love-related image or video you’ll see in the background of each title slide is designed to help you set the stage for your love-related topics and it is included with that template. in addition to the title slides, each of our templates comes with 17 additional slide layouts that you can use to create an unlimited number of presentation slides with your own added text and images. and every template is available in both widescreen and standard formats. with over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too.

Widescreen (16:9) Presentation Templates. Change size...

Wooden cross with cloud forming heart shape in blue sky

A collection of hearts with one heart in the middle

Two glowing hearts and I Love You words with hearts on dark background

PPT layouts featuring i love religion background

Pile of stones carved with inspirational words such as hope, faith, love and belief over green and white background

Religious theme for Christmas with Bible opened on Matthew and Christmas present with abstract design over the depiction

Marriage marrying wedding two rings together forever diamonds wedding rings love lasts red

Theme enhanced with happy women's day child daughter is congratulating mom and granny giving them flowers tulips grandma mum and girl smiling and hugging family holiday and togetherness background

Two golden love hearts inter linked on a red background

Textured background and colorful clip-no's with keywords like Faith, Hope and Love

Red heart shape balloon and little red hearts I love you words on pink background

Lighted?Heart candle with love inscribed on stone?

White heart clouds and sun on blue sky with wave and stripe border, love

Four candles depicting the world love with dark background

Chalkboard on a wall with I love my school text over it

Father and son walking into orange sunset silhouettes family love

Slide deck consisting of love heart hanging on wooden texture background valentines day card concept

Abstract Valentines Day background with heart shapes, curves and word Love

Different shapes of musical notes with love, Red and black background

PPT theme consisting of gods hand reaching out religion salvation forgiveness assistance and love concept background

Newborn baby sleeping into parents hands depicting parental love and care

Presentation design consisting of road to love trees in the shape of a heart

Pile of inspirational rocks Believe Hope Faith Love

Two parrots kissing in heart shape, red swirl background, love

PPT theme with child on a beach with hands cupped holding stone pebble with the word hope engraved concept for faith love spirituality and religion

A pair of gold and dimond ring on heart showing love

Cardiogram with glowing blue lines on black background with love symbol

Valentine's Day rose symbolizing love and affection

3D heart with American flag and red ribbon, star and stripe border, USA, patriotic

An old aged couple with grey hair showing love

Colored playing card symbols, spade, love and diamond

Valentine depiction with love shaped ornaments and couple kissing

A number of flowers with I love you in the background

Roses as a metaphor love weddings relationships mother celebrations on a white background

Feminine and masculine hands holding red heart on shining blue background

White roses rings and pearls as a metaphor for loyalty eternity love and promise on a grey background

Two shar-pei puppies in love with beautiful colored heart shapes

Little girl dressed for school with large apple on open book

Two flying doves with wide open wings with two blue hearts over the clouds

Theme with top-150 bible verses about love for the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command love your neighbor as yourself

More love templates for powerpoint and google slides:.

Company Info

MAX SCHELER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF LOVE

Jul 20, 2014

730 likes | 4.42k Views

MAX SCHELER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF LOVE. CONTENTS. WHAT LOVE IS NOT THE ESSENCE OF LOVE MISUNDERSTANDINGS OF LOVE LOVE AND MORAL GOODNESS HIERARCHY OF VALUES SENSORY VALUES VITAL VASPIRITUAL VALUES LUES HOLY AND UNHOLY. I. WHAT LOVE IS NOT. Love exerts no effort

Share Presentation

• love exerts
• own reasons
• positive values
• vital vaspiritual values
• only person

Presentation Transcript

CONTENTS • WHAT LOVE IS NOT • THE ESSENCE OF LOVE • MISUNDERSTANDINGS OF LOVE • LOVE AND MORAL GOODNESS • HIERARCHY OF VALUES • SENSORY VALUES • VITAL VASPIRITUAL VALUES • LUES • HOLY AND UNHOLY

I. WHAT LOVE IS NOT • Love exerts no effort • Love differs from fellow-feeling • Love is not directed to values • Love is not blind • Love is not relative

Love exerts no effort • Scripted? • Your time is imposed and dictated by someone else? • Love is a spontaneous act and movement • Possibility of error? • Rules?

Love differs from fellow feeling • fellow-feeling for someone we do not love • we can rejoice over A’s pleasure over B’s misfortune • Love: not a feeling? • feeling is passive or receptive and reactive • Feeling states change but love endures • Despite the pain and grief that the beloved brings, love: • does not alter • There is no such thing as “falling out of love”

Love is not directed to values? • Preference and rejection as value-apprehension are founded on our love for the object exhibiting these values

Love is not blind • affords an evidence of its own, which is: • not to be judged in terms of reason • Love sees something other in values • The beloved is reason enough or the lover • Blaise Pascal: • “the heart has its own reasons which reason itself does not know.”

If Cristy would want to improve Annie’s situation by acquiring a higher value while she was in hell, would this be real love for Scheler? Why? Does changing the beloved to be better means real love for Scheler? Why? • There are 4 hierarchy of values (Sensory, Vital, Spiritual, & Holy/ Unholy ) says Scheler. How would you categorize the action made by Cristy and Annie when they decided to go back and experience human life again?

Love is not relative to the polar co-ordinates of 'myself' and 'the other' • Love = altruism & egoism? • Altruism: • Inability to endure one’s company • Egoism: • Myself in competition with others • The primary orientation of love is towards : • values and the objects to which these values inhere • regardless of whether these values belong to the self or to others or to a group.

II. ESSENCE OF LOVE • The opposite of love is not hatred but indifference • Love is a movement of intention • love relates to what has value rather than to value itself • Indifference to the existence or non-existence of a higher value • MISUNDERSTANDINGS OF LOVE

Love is not hatred • hatred like love is: • also an act and a movement albeit in the opposite direction • hatred moves from the higher to lower one.

Love is a movement of intention • Do we impose? • We DO NOT impose or import our own values when we love another. • lover brings into higher appearance the higher possibilities of value: • inherent in the beloved. • Karl Jaspers: • “in love we do not discover values, we discover that everything is more valuable.”

Love relates to what has value rather than to value itself • Love is not limited to human beings: • but to anything that bears value, like love of nature, love of art and love of God • When we love nature, we do not love the human projections: • we bestow on her but for what she is

Indifference to the existence or non-existence of a higher value • Without this indifference, love can be mistakenly construed as: • wishing or attempting to raise the value of the object loved, to improve the beloved or help him to acquire a higher value. • A desire for: • improvement would imply that there is a distinction between what the person already is • and what he is not yet but ought to become.

MISUNDERSTANDING OF LOVE • Do we seek for “new” values in the object loved? • Love does not desire to change the beloved, otherwise love becomes conditional. • DELUSIVE FORMS OF LOVE: • Loving a person because I have done so much for him • Loving out of habit; because I have become so attached to the object or person • Loving because I cannot endure solitude • Loving because we have common interests • Loving someone because I am reminded of a past love • Loving because we think alike

III. LOVE AND MORAL GOODNESS • Would there be such a thing as love of goodness? • Love of goodness is itself evil. • We only love people insofar as they are good • Love has a specifically moral value insofar as: • it represents a relationship between persons

IV. HERARCHY OF VALUES • What are values? • 2 groups of values: • HIERARCHY OF VALUES • SENSORY VALUES (values pertaining to life) • VITAL VALUES (values pertaining to life) • SPIRITUAL VALUES (values of the person) • HOLY AND UNHOLY (values of the person) • 5 CHARACTERISTICS BY WHICH A VALUE IS HIGHER THAN ANOTHER

VALUES • Values precede: • the experience of feeling-states and are the foundation of these states and their completion • 2 groups of values: • Positive values • Existence of positive values • Non-existence of negative values • Negative values • Non-existence of positive values • Existence of negative values

HIERARCHY OF VALUES • SENSORY VALUES • Objects of sensory feelings, and their corresponding subjective states are pleasure and pain • VITAL VALUES • Values connected with the general well-being. • SPIRITUAL VALUES • HOLY AND UNHOLY

HIERARCHY OF VALUES • SPIRITUAL VALUES • Spiritual values correspond to spiritual feelings • Kinds of Spiritual Values: • The values of beautiful and ugly, the whole realm of aesthetic values • The values of the just and the unjust • The values of pure knowledge for its own sake • HOLY AND UNHOLY • Values that appear only objects given intentionally as “absolute objects”

5 CHARACTERISTICS BY WHICH A VALUE IS HIGHER THAN ANOTHER • ability to endure through time • Higher values are less divisible • A value is higher if it generates other values and founds them • Depth of contentment or fulfillment accompanies higher values • A value is higher the less it is relative to the organism experiencing it

GOOD = VALUES? • Good and evil are not included in the 4 value modalities? • Only persons can be morally good or evil; • everything else can be good or evil by reference to persons • This is so because only person can truly act, prefer, will.

• More by User

Phenomenological Research: “The Lived Experience”

Phenomenological Research: “The Lived Experience”. Presented by Natasha Arthurton and Marni Gavritsas Long Island University, C.W. Post. What is Phenomenology?. noun

804 views • 18 slides

Toward a Phenomenology of Work

Toward a Phenomenology of Work. Amy Lavender Harris Centre for Industrial Relations University of Toronto 9 November 2005.

457 views • 20 slides

Phenomenology

Phenomenology. Phenomenology: Definition and Background. Describes the meaning of lived experiences for several individuals Describes what the participants have in common as they experience a phenomenon

1.68k views • 19 slides

The Phenomenology of Free Will

The Phenomenology of Free Will. Eddy Nahmias (with Steven Morris, Thomas Nadelhoffer, and Jason Turner ) Florida State University November 1, 2004 Tucson, Arizona. “Empirically Informed Philosophy”.

663 views • 43 slides

Phenomenology: Introduction and Application

Applied Phenomenology: Carl Rogers. Personal BackgroundDevout fundamentalist Protestant parentsVery early training in scientific agriculture Evangelical outlook:

807 views • 39 slides

LOVE ME TENDER

LOVE ME TENDER. LOVE me tender Love me sweet , Never let me go,. You have made my Life complete, Andi love you so . Love me tender Love me true , All my dreams fulfilled. For my darlin ’ i love you , Andi always will . Love me tender Love me long , Take me to Your heart .

342 views • 14 slides

M A R Y V Q U I N N

M A R Y V Q U I N N . Phenomenology:. Phenomenology is the music, singing, violence, and dancing in a play. Themes displayed in Macbeth. Phenomenology:. Blood will to blood. Respect for Violence. Violence= Guilt. Violence= Masculinity. "Blood will to blood".

275 views • 17 slides

Love. What is love? Create a splatter chart of words to do with love: Synonyms Compound words Different types of love Phrases about love Song lyrics about love. Examples of Love Words. Love-sick Loving Loveless Beloved I love fish and chips! To fall in love with

1.76k views • 9 slides

Love. 1Cor. 13. “…but the greatest of these is LOVE.”. Love. Represents the core of the Christian life The virtue by which we love God above all else. Love. In Greek: Eros Philia Agape. Eros. Love at first sight. Philia. Brotherly Love. Agape. Divine Love. God is Love.

565 views • 15 slides

Phenomenology of Religion Mircea Eliade (1907 – 1986)

Phenomenology of Religion Mircea Eliade (1907 – 1986). Phenomenologists. Santepie de la Saussaye W. Brede Kristensen Rudolph Otto Ninian Smart Mircea Eliade E. Said. Phenomenology of Religious Phenomena. Classification of Religious Phenomena

907 views • 13 slides

PHENOMENOLOGY

PHENOMENOLOGY. Jomar A. Couvertier Engl 126. What is phenomenology?. Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.

609 views • 6 slides

LOVE vs. Infatuation

Our thoughts. LOVE vs. Infatuation. Love Is……. Write it down on your heart. . Ladder of Love. Mature love for others Love for humankind, very unselfish love. Love for children Unselfish love with ability to love without expecting anything in return. Love for the opposite sex

1.18k views • 19 slides

Scale and Phenomenology

Scale and Phenomenology. “Phenomenology is an attempt to give us a direct description of our experience as it is in itself without taking into account its psychological origin and its causal explanation.” Audi Robert. “ Waterwall ” David Buckland. Cape Farewell. “Marker” Antony Gormley.

207 views • 9 slides

Love. “I love chocolate ice cream” “I’m totally in love with her.” “I love you, Grandma.” “All you need is love.” “Does Bella love Edward or Jacob?” “Seniors who go on Kairos always seem to come back loving each other.” “Love your neighbor as yourself.”

605 views • 11 slides

Husserlian Phenomenology

Husserlian Phenomenology. Dr. James A. Snyder Postmodern Philosophy. Main question: What is consciousness (Bewußtsein)?. The science of the “experience” of consciousness from a non-naturalistic & non-objectivistic perspective that adopts the phenomenological method

320 views • 11 slides

Introduction: Phenomenology launched in the first half of the 20th

Phenomenology & Medical Education Research: Hidden paradigm disclosed Assist.Prof.Dr.Ali Tareq Abdulhasan/ Kerbala university-College of Medicine ./ Abstract ID:1298. Methodology: Surveying few medical education journals for the word “phenomenology” and its use in educational research .

170 views • 1 slides

603 views • 6 slides

3+2 Neutrino Phenomenology and Studies at MiniBooNE

3+2 Neutrino Phenomenology and Studies at MiniBooNE. Georgia Karagiorgi, Columbia University. PHENO 2007 Symposium May 7-9, 2007 U. Wisconsin, Madison. Outline. Motivation for 3+2 models 3+2 phenomenology and oscillation formalism

301 views • 18 slides

Phenomenology and Hermeneutics in Literary Criticism

Phenomenology and Hermeneutics in Literary Criticism. Manuel Echevarria Soto ENGG 630 Prof. E. Lugo February 18, 2009. Objectives. OBJECTIVES. To understand what hermeneutical phenomenology is. To view the approach of this ideas in the literary criticism. HERMENEUTICAL PHENOMENOLOGY.

1.42k views • 18 slides

Phenomenology: Theoretical Implications

Phenomenology: Theoretical Implications. www.learningspaces.org. Norm Friesen, March 2006. Cartesian Tradition.

434 views • 32 slides

Phenomenology and FNPs

Phenomenology and FNPs. Camelia Stefanescu MSN 510 Dr. Judith Chodil. Phenomenology – objectives and knowledge. Direct investigation and description of phenomena as experienced in life. It is to give voice to human experience just as it is.

204 views • 5 slides

Particle Physics in Poland: Theory and phenomenology

RECFA, Warsaw, 25 February 2005. Particle Physics in Poland: Theory and phenomenology. Jan Kalinowski Instutute of Theoretial Physics, Warsaw University. Outline:. Particle theory Topics Where in Poland Human resources Theory and phenomenology centers in Poland Conferences and workshops

470 views • 24 slides

Giovanni's Room Theme of Love

The tragedy of Giovanni's Room is inseparable from the fact that it is a love story. The characters in the novel cannot choose whom they love (it just happens), and the result is that they often experience love as a burden. They feel helpless before their love, and thus the people that they love also make them feel helpless. Romantic love gets stirred up with indifference and hatred and jealousy. Let's just say it's not your typical love story. No one lives happily ever after, nor is it clear that all characters want to do so.

Questions About Love

• What are some of the different types of love in the book? How does David's love for his father differ from his love for Giovanni, and how does his love for Giovanni differ from his love for Hella?
• Is Giovanni right that David doesn't love anyone? Is it possible to love others if you don't love yourself?
• What is the relationship between sex and love in the book? Do David's sexual interests follow his romantic ones, or is it the other way around?

Chew on This

Love is a burden for David because it is inseparable from sexual desire. David cannot choose who he is sexually attracted to, so he cannot choose who he loves. David brings his desire for distance from his father to his relationship with Giovanni. He imagines love as being inseparable from a degree of "merciful distance," and it is Giovanni's failure to recognize this distance that forces David to leave.

Tired of ads?

Cite this source, logging out…, logging out....

You've been inactive for a while, logging you out in a few seconds...

W hy's T his F unny?

‘Joker 2’ Trailer: Lady Gaga and Joaquin Phoenix Unleash Bad Romance in Thrilling First Footage

By Rebecca Rubin

Rebecca Rubin

Senior Film and Media Reporter

• Netflix’s New Movie Chief Is Tasked With Making ‘Better Films,’ Not Necessarily ‘Fewer Films’ 2 hours ago
• ‘Aang: The Last Airbender’ Delayed to 2026, ‘Transformers One’ Moves Back a Week 9 hours ago
• Box Office: Vampire Thriller ‘Abigail’ Tries to Take a Bite Out of ‘Civil War’ With $12 Million Debut 1 day ago

The Clown Prince of Crime and Harley Quinn want you to know that what the world needs now is… love.

That’s the message of the first trailer for “ Joker: Folie à Deux ,” which sees Joaquin Phoenix reprise his Oscar-winning role as Arthur Fleck (who later becomes Batman’s notorious foe) and conspire with Lady Gaga as the equally twisted Harley Quinn.

Popular on Variety

The first film served as a moody origin story for the Joker, who is portrayed in this cinematic universe a reclusive, struggling stand-up comedian and part-time clown. In the sequel, he takes his act on the road and performs on all kinds of stages with Harley Quinn as his demented muse — and she’s wearing his signature makeup, smeared lipstick and all. This time around, though, Arthur Fleck doesn’t seem so lonely.

“I’ll tell you what’s changed,” Joker says in the trailer. “I’m not alone anymore — that’s what we should be talking about!”

The trailer ends with Harley at Arkham Asylum as she draws a happy face with red lipstick on the glass partition between her and Joker. “I want to see the real you,” she tells him.

Director Todd Phillips debuted the footage at CinemaCon , the annual convention for movie theater owners. Although the original 2019 “Joker” was billed as a “one-off,” Phillips said he and Phoenix always talked about making a sequel.

“We loved the character of Arthur too much, but we didn’t want to jinx the [original] movie,” Phillips said. “We cast Gaga because she’s magic.”

“I like to say it’s a movie where music is an essential element,” says Phillips. “It doesn’t veer too far from the first film. Arthur has music in him. He has a grace to him.”

Before introducing the trailer, Phillips thanked the room of theater owners for playing “Joker” on the big screen despite reports that the gruesome, blood-soaked film would inspire violence.

“About a month before the first ‘Joker’ came out, the narrative on the film really turned and there [were] these bizarre warnings about the movie,” he said. “It was amazing that exhibitors didn’t budge an inch, and when the movie came out, it did huge business. That attitude was a huge reason for our success.”

As Phillips alluded, “Joker” became a massive blockbuster with $1 billion at the global box office. It became the first R-rated film to pass the billion-dollar mark and earned 11 Oscar nominations, including best picture.

“Joker 2” will debut on the big screen on Oct. 4, 2024 — exactly five years after the first film. The original cost $62.5 million to produce, an unusually conservative budget for a comic book adaptation. Given its runaway financial success, the follow-up was granted a much more substantial $200 million price tag.

The sequel will screen in the Imax 70mm format. Although it was shot with Imax-certified lenses that modify digital cameras and not its film cameras, the company has created at least 10 film prints of “Joker: Folie à Deux” to play in select worldwide locations.

Footage of “Joker” debuted as part of Warner Bros.’ presentation to exhibitors. The studio also has “Beetlejuice 2,” “Horizon: An American Saga” and “Mad Max” prequel “Furiosa” on its 2024 slate.

More From Our Brands

Billie eilish duets with lana del rey at coachella, a park-view aerie in one of n.y.c.’s buzziest towers lands on the market for $33 million, notre dame athletes cast as employees in new nlrb complaint, be tough on dirt but gentle on your body with the best soaps for sensitive skin, fallout renewed for season 2, just eight days after prime video release, verify it's you, please log in.

Courtney Love Has Thoughts on Taylor Swift, Beyonce

C ourtney Love, never known for holding back her controversial opinions, is opining again, this time in a lengthy interview in the Standard . She's got a new eight-part series out on BBC Radio, Courtney Love's Women , and boy, does she get into the girls. While the former Hole frontwoman says she thinks "it's great that there are so many successful women in the music industry, but lots of them are becoming a cliche. Now, every successful woman is cloned. ... If you play something on Spotify, you get bombarded with a lot of stuff that's exactly the same." She has lots of big-name disses, including some of the biggest female stars on the planet:

・ Taylor Swift: "Taylor is not important. She might be a safe space for girls, and she's probably the Madonna of now, but she's not interesting as an artist." Deadline notes this is a shift from as recently as a few years ago when Love wished Swift a happy birthday on Facebook and called her an "aspirational huge role model for many young women."

・ Beyonce: "I like the idea of Beyonce doing a country record because it's about Black women going into spaces where previously only white women have been allowed, not that I like it much. As a concept, I love it. I just don't like her music."

・ Madonna: No punches pulled: "I don't like her and she doesn't like me."

・ Lana Del Rey: "I haven't liked Lana since she covered a John Denver song, and I think she should really take seven years off. Up until 'Take Me Home, Country Roads,' I thought she was great. When I was recording my new album, I had to stop listening to her as she was influencing me too much."

・ Rock & Roll Hall of Fame: "Five old white guys, right, who have apparently never heard of Kate Bush. I mean, really? Jann Wenner should be put out to pasture. The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame is a joke. You know, some guy takes a girl out and tries to kiss her and she doesn't feel like it, and he gets his whole career ruined. But Jann Wenner is allowed to say that Black people and women weren't intellectual enough to be included in his book of rock 'n' roll masters? Eat me, you f---!"

The full interview, including some female artists Love does applaud, here . Meanwhile, CNN has some previously unseen photos of Love with husband Kurt Cobain and infant daughter Frances Bean from 1992.

More From Newser

・ CBS Cuts Off 'Piano Man' Midsong

・ Hannah Gutierrez-Reed Gets Maximum Sentence

・ Hannah Waddingham Isn't Having 'Show Me Leg' Request

・ Report: DOJ Taking a Hard Look at Ticketmaster's Parent

・ ABBA, Biggie, Blondie All Have Something New in Common

This article originally appeared on Newser: Courtney Love Has Thoughts on Taylor Swift, Beyonce

Invitation to the presentation of Bufab’s Q1 report 2024

Bufab will release the interim report for the first quarter of 2024 on Thursday April 25 at 07:30 am (CET). The report and a presentation will be available on (bufabgroup.com).

Erik Lundén, CEO and Pär Ihrskog, CFO will present the financial result on a conference call the same day at 09:00 CET. The call will be held in English.

Please join the presentation through the following Teams link; Click here to join the meeting and analysts who wish to ask questions during the Q&A use the feature “Raise Your Hand”.

Got any suggestions?

We want to hear from you! Send us a message and help improve Slidesgo

Top searches

Trending searches

49 templates

18 templates

40 templates

american football

16 templates

41 templates

tropical rainforest

29 templates

What Is Your Love Language?

What is your love language presentation, premium google slides theme and powerpoint template.

They say that love heals all and can cure all, but sometimes if the spark of a couple's infatuation is not at its best, perhaps couples therapy and working together is needed to solve any kind of problem. How about, for example, a workshop on the types of love languages? According to experts there are five types of love languages: words, quality time, gifts, acts of service and physical contact. With this template designed to talk about love languages, you can organize a workshop to work on the weak points of a couple's relationship. And you, what is your love language? Find out with this template!

Features of this template

• 100% editable and easy to modify
• 25 different slides to impress your audience
• Contains easy-to-edit graphics such as graphs, maps, tables, timelines and mockups
• Includes 500+ icons and Flaticon’s extension for customizing your slides
• Designed to be used in Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint
• 16:9 widescreen format suitable for all types of screens
• Includes information about fonts, colors, and credits of the free and premium resources used

What are the benefits of having a Premium account?

What Premium plans do you have?

What can I do to have unlimited downloads?

Don’t want to attribute Slidesgo?

Gain access to over 22600 templates & presentations with premium from 1.67€/month.

Are you already Premium? Log in

Related posts on our blog

How to Add, Duplicate, Move, Delete or Hide Slides in Google Slides

How to Change Layouts in PowerPoint

How to Change the Slide Size in Google Slides

Related presentations.

Premium template

Unlock this template and gain unlimited access

Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo’s $40M seed deck

Xpanceo is betting big on turning us all into cyborgs with smart contact lenses, securing a cool $40 million to make our sci-fi dreams a reality. Co-founders Roman Axelrod and Valentyn S. Volkov are on a mission to ditch traditional gadgets and make everyone’s eyes the new screens. Who needs smartphones when you can blink to browse? As they push the boundaries of what’s possible with optoelectronics and new materials, one can’t help but wonder if we’re heading toward a future where losing your contacts could mean missing your next Zoom meeting.

Xpanceo, a deep tech startup, raises $40M to focus on smart contact lenses

We’re looking for more unique pitch decks to tear down, so if you want to submit your own, here’s how you can do that . 

Slides in this deck

Xpanceo has shared its complete presentation deck, consisting of 19 slides, with TechCrunch. Although the slide list suggests that the team has covered everything, a closer look at the deck’s contents reveals that some areas might not be as comprehensive as they seem.

• Cover slide
• Value proposition
• B2C: Use cases
• B2B: Industries
• Contact lens users
•  Market size
•  Revenue forecast
•  Competition
•  What is Xpanceo? interstitial 
•  Technologies
•  Pioneering R&D in optical analysis
•  Closing slide

Three things to love about Xpanceo’s pitch deck

There’s a lot of really good storytelling happening here.

A slice of history

[Slide 2] A clear problem statement. Image Credits : Xpanceo

The inclusion of a timeline detailing the evolution of computing technology within the presentation is particularly clever. This historical perspective not only educates the audience about the progression and milestones in computing but also situates Xpanceo’s work within a larger narrative of technological advancement — and many of those advancements made a lot of investors very wealthy indeed.

What’s the problem with AR?

Addressing the shortcomings of AR as it stands, the presentation acknowledges that the tech has not yet achieved widespread adoption primarily due to poor product offerings that have failed to resonate with consumers. This is true, and it shows that Xpanceo is aware of the hurdles faced by previous AR technologies and is committed to overcoming these challenges.

[Slide 3] Easing into the “solution” is a great approach. Image Credits : Xpanceo

What’s the difference between the solution and product slides in a startup’s pitch deck?

The solution slide is strategic in nature, emphasizing a broader, more adaptable approach rather than focusing solely on the product. This strategic mindset is crucial, as it shifts the emphasis from the specifics of the product to the underlying philosophy of problem-solving.

I love that the solution is articulated in a clear and accessible way, deliberately avoiding excessive detail. This clarity is essential for communicating effectively with stakeholders, including investors, potential customers and team members. By keeping the solution straightforward and easy to understand, the team ensures that everyone involved has a solid grasp of the core concept and objectives. This level of transparency fosters trust and alignment among all parties, which is important for collaborative efforts and the overall success of the project.

From there, you can drop into the details: the product.

So here’s what the company’s actually up to

Again, Xpanceo does a great job:

[Slide 4] This slide draws investors in. Image Credits : Xpanceo

Smart contact lenses that integrate advanced computing capabilities directly into the user’s visual field feels like magic. Still, by maintaining straightforward and accessible language, the slide ensures that the innovation can be understood and appreciated by a broad audience, which is crucial for generating interest and support among potential investors.

I particularly love how this clarity helps set the stage for deeper discussions, all without getting lost in the complex technological language that no doubt happens in the lab. It strikes the right balance between simplicity and informativeness.

Three things that Xpanceo could have improved

This deck is really good. But is it perfect?

Nope. Let’s dive in.

What are you raising?

What? Image Credits : Getty Images

The biggest problem with the Xpanceo deck isn’t what is in there, but rather what isn’t.

One critical element missing from the deck is the “ask” slide, which is essential when seeking venture capital funding. It’s surprising how often founders overlook this component in their pitch decks. When raising money, it’s not the time to be reticent or indirect. Clearly stating what is being asked for — be it staffing, resources or partnerships — demonstrates to potential investors a well-thought-out plan and a serious commitment to the startup’s future. This helps investors quickly understand the needs and assess whether they align with their investment criteria.

Including a specific ask in the presentation also conveys that there is a realistic understanding of what the startup requires to succeed. It shows that careful consideration has been given to how much funding is needed, what it will be used for, and how it will help the company achieve its goals. This level of detail and transparency adds credibility to the pitch and instills confidence in potential investors about the management and planning capabilities. It positions the entrepreneurs as serious individuals who are not merely experimenting but are committed to building a sustainable business.

B2B or B2C: You can’t have both

Slides 6 and 7 make a case for both a B2B and a B2C model. That’s not a great call.

[Slide 6] A use-case brainstorm is clever, but it’s important to come up with the real use cases that drive the investment decision. Image Credits : Xpanceo

B2C sales are distinguished by direct interactions with individual consumers, focusing on emotional engagement, brand identity, and creating personalized customer experiences. This model thrives on short sales cycles and immediate purchase decisions, making it crucial for companies to invest in understanding consumer behaviors and crafting marketing strategies that resonate on a personal level. Even if companies occasionally purchase under a B2C model, they should be treated as consumers in the sales process to maintain simplicity and efficiency in marketing efforts.

Conversely, B2B sales involve more complex transactions with other businesses, characterized by longer sales cycles, higher transaction values, and a focus on practical benefits and cost-effectiveness. This model requires strong, credible relationships and often involves customized solutions to meet specific business needs. While it’s less common, consumers may sometimes engage with products designed for business use, highlighting the flexibility required in sales strategies. Ultimately, focusing on a B2B or B2C sales organization should align with the startup’s core capabilities and strategic goals, shaping the narrative in their startup pitch to attract potential investors.

Trying to do both won’t work, so pick one, and explain why that’s the right choice.

The market sizing fallacy

[Slide 9] Sure, there are a lot of contact lens users. But are they really a proxy for Xpanceo customers? Image Credits : Xpanceo

Xpanceo’s offerings are not merely an alternative to spectacles for optical correction but rather function as a wearable device. This distinction is significant because the target market for Xpanceo may not align directly with the existing base of contact lens users. Instead of evaluating the total number of contact lens wearers, a more relevant metric might be the usage of related technology such as smartphones or smartwatches, which reflects a tech-savvy consumer base more likely to adopt new wearable technologies. This approach can help in identifying not just a broad audience, but also one that is more likely to embrace innovative products.

Xpanceo’s go-to-market strategy plays a pivotal role in determining its primary consumer segment. If the product is designed for mass market consumption, the strategy should focus on identifying and engaging an early adopter group. This group typically consists of tech enthusiasts who are keen on exploring and adopting cutting-edge technologies. These early adopters could provide the initial traction needed to penetrate the market, acting as influencers and validators for the broader consumer base. Their feedback is also invaluable when it comes to refining the product and enhancing its appeal to subsequent buyers.

I think the company is trying to show that its market is huge, but I doubt that contact lens wearers are a proxy. I wear contacts, but only when I’m doing contact sports (martial arts or scuba diving). But even if I had never worn contacts a day of my life, I’d be eager to try the Xpanceo solution.

I think the company is trying to compare oranges to Apple computers.

The full pitch deck

If you want your own pitch deck teardown featured on TechCrunch, here’s more information . Also, check out  all our Pitch Deck Teardowns  all collected in one handy place for you!