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Relationship Between Language and Culture Essay

Introduction, what is culture, relationship between language and culture, role of language in cultural diversity, reference list.

How does culture influence language? An essay isn’t enough to answer this question in detail. The purpose of the paper is to clearly highlight the issue of intercultural communication with reference to language and identity.

Language and culture are intertwined. One cannot define or identify cultural orientations without citing variations in how we speak and write. Thus, to explore the relationship between language and culture, this essay will start by defining the terms separately.

Culture describes variations in values, beliefs, as well as differences in the way people behave (DeVito 2007). Culture encompasses everything that a social group develops or produces.

Element of culture are not genetically transmitted and as such, they have to be passed down from one generation the next through communication. This explains why it is easy to adopt a certain language depending on the shared beliefs, attitudes and values.

The existence of different cultures can be explained using the cultural relativism approach which stipulates that although cultures tend to vary, none is superior to the other (DeVito 2007).

Learning of cultural values can be done through enculturation whereby individuals learn the culture of their birth. Alternatively, one can be acculturated into a culture that is divergent from their basic culture (DeVito 2007).

Language is the verbal channel of communication by articulating words that an individual is conversant with. This is aimed at relaying information. In other words, it is the expression of one’s culture verbally (Jandt 2009).

Language is the first element that helps an individual to distinguish the cultural orientations of individuals. Through language, we are able to differentiate between for example, a Chinese national and a Briton. The main functions of language are generally for information purposes and for the establishment of relationships.

Different cultures perceive the use of language differently. Whereas an American regards it as a useful communication tool, a Chinese will use their language to relay their feelings and to establish relationships.

It is through such variances of language that different cultures have placed on the usage of their language show the link between the two study variables (Jandt 2009).

Intercultural communication refers to communication between people from different cultural backgrounds. Due to the differences in cultures, there is a high probability that a message will be misunderstood and distorted.

Difference in languages leads to challenges in the interpretation of for example, politeness, acts of speech and interaction management. Normally, differences in languages lead to impediments in understanding. This is due to the difference in perception in as far as values are concerned.

Language shapes our lines of thought and as such, it is the core element that shapes how people perceive the world. The way people communicate is largely due to their cultures of origin. Language increases the rate of ethnocentrism in individuals thus furthering their self-centeredness in culture.

As a result, they are less responsive to the different means of communication that are not similar to their own values and beliefs (McGregor eta al 2007).

Language further heightens the aspect of accelerating cultural differences as it openly showcases the variations in communication. In turn, this view tends to impede negatively on intercultural efforts, thereby having a negative impact on the communication between individuals of different cultural orientations.

There is need for individuals to evaluate the usage of language in order to effectively interpret the shared meanings that are meant to be communicated. It is important therefore that individuals from a multi cultural context look at each other beyond their differences in order to enable effective communication.

DeVito, J A. (2006) Human communication the basic course, 10 th edition. Boston, Mass: Pearson / Allyn and Bacon.

Jandt, F E. (2007) An introduction to intercultural communication: identities in global community . Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.

Mohan, T, McGregor, M T, Saunders, H & Archee, S. (2008) Communicating as a professional . Sydney, Australia: Cengage Learning.

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The 8 Main Ways Language and Culture Are Related

Learning about different cultures helps us approach languages with new insight. It allows us to delve deeper into the meaning of words and expressions and helps us feel more connected to each other.

Read on to explore the relationship between language and culture more deeply. Hopefully, when you’re done, you’ll have a new appreciation for the language you’re currently studying as well as the culture it comes from. 

What Does Language Have to Do with Culture?

1. language reflects the values and beliefs of a culture, 2. language reflects our perception of the world, 3. language gives us a away to express our culture, 4. language allows for transmission of culture, 5. language shapes perceptions, 6. language gives us identity and belonging, 7. language holds cultural norms and etiquette, 8. language reflects cultural innovation and change, historical perspective: the link between the history of a culture and its language, use ancient terms as cultural examples, look for footprints left by other cultures on a language, note the ever-evolving meaning of words, how this understanding affects your language learning journey, and one more thing....

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To answer this question, let’s think about the purpose of language .

Language allows us to express our thoughts and feelings as well as communicate and share knowledge with one another.

You won’t fully master a language unless you understand the culture, just like you’ll never fully understand a culture until you’ve immersed yourself in a study of their language. This is because language is constantly in flux and largely dependent on the ever-evolving views, values and customs of its speakers.

Let’s look at just how connected they really are.

The differences between two cultures are reflected in their languages . Mastering the nuances of a language means really being able to understand people who (more than likely) grew up with an entirely different set of values and beliefs. 

Taking a look at common expressions and idioms gives you a glimpse into what a society deems important.

For example, the vast number of Chinese idioms relating to family demonstrates the value they place on this relationship and tells us a little about the family construct.

You can find lots of examples of the historical and cultural values reflected in typical English expressions and idioms by just listening to an episode of NPR’s radio program “A Way with Words.”

Have you ever heard the phrase “A Whistle in the Dark” or noticed any of the other words and expressions for the word courage ? Such observations would lead an English learner to believe that bravery is a highly coveted attribute in English-speaking societies.

But that’s not the only connection between language and culture.

Language affects the way we perceive the world and therefore, how we choose to interact with it.

When discussing language and perception, most linguists will probably point you to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis , which states that the limits and structure of language determines their user’s thoughts and actions. This hypothesis is supported by professor Lera Boroditsky who wrote a whole paper on the topic of linguistic relativity .

Those who study linguistic relativity often explore the concept of time and space between languages. Boroditsky found that while English speakers view time horizontally (i.e., the past is behind us or to the left and the future is ahead or to the right), Mandarin speakers are more likely to view time vertically (i.e. the order of events is viewed from top to bottom).

Others have studied the connection between  bilingualism and personality , finding that when people switch languages they also seem to “switch” their personality to fit the language, shifting their way of thinking to reflect that of the people who speak the respective language. 

Language reflects perception, but also the history of a culture and explains why certain ideas and beliefs are so prominent and profound.

A great way to expose yourself to a culture’s unique perspective and values is to engage with native media produced by people from that culture . One way you can do this is by using an immersion program such as FluentU .

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A medium for artistic expression, language allows us to express ourselves and our cultures through literature, poetry, music and theater.

These forms of cultural expression not only enrich the language but also provide insights into the values, aesthetics and creativity of a culture.

Language is the primary vehicle for transmitting culture from one generation to the next.

Through language, traditions, stories, rituals and historical accounts are passed down , helping to maintain cultural identity and cohesion.

Think of the lessons, morals and stories that your grandparents and parents gave to you through language, and soon you’ll realize that language is a delivery device for all things culture.

The language we speak shapes our perceptions and worldview.

Different languages have unique ways of expressing concepts and experiences , influencing how speakers perceive and interpret the world around them.

For example, in Turkish, the past tense changes depending on whether the speaker has actually seen the action with their own eyes, or if they merely heard about the action taking place.

Language is a fundamental aspect of personal and group identity.

Speaking a particular language can foster a sense of belonging to a specific cultural community, while language loss or suppression can lead to feelings of alienation and cultural disconnection.

Just think of the Native American tribes that have lost their languages through various processes including the introduction of English and Spanish. These tribes, on average, have higher rates of poverty and shorter lifespans, compared with tribes whose language is prospering.

Language often contains implicit cultural norms and etiquette.

Understanding the nuances of language usage, such as appropriate forms of address, greetings and expressions of politeness , is essential for effective communication within a cultural context.

For example, if you walked up to a Japanese person you never met, said hello, told them about your day and then kissed them, they might be totally freaked out. If you did the same to a French person, they’d accept it as normal.

Language is dynamic and continually evolves, often influenced by cultural changes and interactions.

New words, expressions and linguistic conventions emerge as cultures evolve, reflecting shifts in societal values, technology, and global influences.

This also tells us a lot about cultural power dynamics. Think of the word “internet” for example. Many languages use this word even though it originated in English, where much of the internet-related businesses were founded.

Understanding a culture’s history allows you to form some idea of how and why certain words came to mean what they do. For example, in Mandarin, 心 (Xīn)  is often directly translated to “heart” in English. However, the word also refers to the mind and one’s emotions.

The meaning of the word is an important concept in Daoist teachings and makes those teachings much more accessible to Mandarin speakers.

The history of a culture explains the power a term or idea can carry in a language, but it also explains the existence of certain linguistic elements.

To really understand a language, you also have to ask yourself about the influence of other cultures on it.

The English language is a perfect example of mixing cultures and language. The Germanic Anglo-Normans and Latin-based French essentially planted the seed for English as we know it to grow.

Learning all about its history will help you understand the meaning behind certain words and phrases with Latin roots , as well as other words of foreign language descent .

English isn’t the only example of a language with a rich history. If you’re studying one of the Romance languages, it helps to learn about European history and the spread of Latin.

Maybe you’re learning Spanish and wondering why there are so many words that start with  al ? Spanish has many words of Arabic origin due to the  Islamic conquest of Spain , such as al fombra  (rug, carpet),  al mohada  (pillow) and  al godón (cotton).

Knowing the history of a culture is not just a way to get clarification, it also shows how words have evolved to reflect the current cultural climate.

When looking at etymology (the study of word origins and development), you’ll find that many words once meant one thing but now mean something else entirely.

In the past, it was almost impossible to pinpoint the redefining moments for these words. The broadening or dissolution of their original meanings tended to just happen slowly over time with usage. Nowadays, we can study this much more closely.

Words can evolve in various ways. Sometimes they can start out as harmless phrases but evolve to be quite rude, like the word “bimbo” which has its roots in the Italian word  “bambino” (little child). In English, this originally referred to an unintelligent man, but over time it came to be quite a derogatory term for an attractive, but not very bright, woman.

Another example is the word “awesome.” Its root is “awe” which used to be synonymous with “dread.” The word maintained that connotation until around the late 1970s when people started using it to describe great things.

As you can see, our ever-developing culture forces language to develop alongside it . 

Being able to understand the culture behind a language can help immeasurably in understanding the connotations of a word , especially when there’s no equivalency in your own language. Not doing so can cause some embarrassing or offensive situations.

Take a language like Japanese that has words that are closely tied to the culture. The Japanese don’t just have formal and informal forms, but honorific and humble forms as well. This is referred to as keigo .

When trying to master another language, the best thing to do is to go in without any expectations or preconceived notions and focus on understanding the culture behind it.

Now that you’ve learned about the deep connection between language and culture, you may be interested in watching this super interesting TEDx talk on the subject:

When you take that understanding of culture and apply it as you learn the language, you start to have a whole new appreciation for the language you’re studying.

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What is the Relationship Between Language and Culture?

When people talk about language, the topic of culture normally comes out. The same thing happens when the topic of culture is the center of a discussion, it typically touches on language. If you’re still confused about how these two concepts are related to each out, then continue reading so you’ll have an idea about the connection between these two rather different concepts.

Relationships between language and culture

Language and Culture: How are they Connected? 

But before we go into their relationship, so to speak, we have to define language and culture. Then, we’ll get into all the details you need to know about culture and language and what influence they have upon each other.

What is Language?

Different sources have different definitions of language . Despite being different from each other, they also have some similarities. These sources all agree that language is a system of communication. It expresses ideas or feelings, and it is understood by a particular group of people living in a certain area, region, or country.

With this in mind, language can be defined as a system of communication that expresses an idea or feeling and is understood by a specific group of people. It can also be spoken, written , or gesticulated. It also distinguishes humans from animals.

What is Culture?

Culture , as defined in a dictionary, is the customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms of a religious, racial, or social group. It is also the characteristic features of the daily existence shared by a group of people in a specific place or time.

Culture is essentially the customs and traditions of a certain group of people during a certain era and place. It defines the identity of that group of people and sets them apart from others. Additionally, the culture of a people defines who they are.

How is Language Connected to Culture?

The concepts of language and culture seem different from each other. Language focuses on spoken and written expressions while culture focuses on the identity of a certain group of people. But these concepts are homologous to each other. Both of them share the realities, behaviors, and human values of a specific group of people.

As these two concepts evolve, they influence each other in a way that they become inseparable. Culture is the result of people interacting with each other while language is the cultural manifestation of a certain group of people. If you take out one concept, the other may not survive.

Simply put, language is not limited to conveying ideas and concepts. It is considered a symbolic system that creates and shapes realities. These realities include identities, perceptions, and values, which are, in fact, a part of a culture.

On the other hand, culture can also be considered a communicative event. For instance, art conveys the message of the artist to his or her audience. Dance also communicates a message to the audience, such as the ritual dances of native Americans. Art and dance are part of the culture of a group of people and they contain a message the people want to convey to other groups of people.

Confused? Well, let’s try to explain the concept further.

Linguistic Relativity

The relationship between the two can also be explained through a concept called linguistic relativity. A simple explanation of this concept is that language determines the way a person views the world. Or the person’s perception of the world corresponds to the person’s spoken language.

For instance, the description of snow when talking about the weather . For ordinary English speakers, snow is simply snow. But for Eskimos, snow can be defined in different ways when they use the Inuit language. When translated to English, snow can be frosty snow, wet snow, or even clinging snow. So, language has a direct effect on the culture of a person.

If you want to understand a certain culture better, you should learn to speak the language of a group of people. Once you speak the language, you’ll have a different outlook on the culture of a person. Communication is essential to know how a person interprets or views the world.

Transmission of Language and Culture

Since language is learned, it can be culturally transmitted. Children typically learn a language when they are young. The language they learn normally carries with it the culture the language is associated with. For instance, when they learn their mother tongue or the language of their parent, they will learn their parent’s culture. On the other hand, when they learn a second language, they will assimilate the culture of different people.

In this way, you will take note that when people learn English from natural-English speakers, they will end up learning the culture of their teacher. And if the students are young and impressionable, they may end up assimilating the culture of their teachers rather than their own native culture. Unless their parents ensure they are still educated in their native culture.

Relationship between culture and language

Assimilation of a Foreign Culture Through Language

This is an important point to consider for English teaching schools since young learners may end up losing their native culture if the school does not implement measures to counter the possible transmission of a foreign culture into the mindset of the children.

While this may be some cause for concern, taking the necessary steps can prevent this from happening. But it’s still possible that part of the foreign culture will still become a part of the psyche of the children.

In the end, teaching a foreign language can be beneficial for a young student since it will open their eyes to a culture different from their native culture. It will also allow them to be open to learn about these cultures and eventually take in the good aspects and incorporate them into their own culture.

FAQs about Cultural and Language

There are a number of common questions that people have about this topic. Here are the answers to some of the most popular ones.

How does culture influence language?

Culture influences language by shaping the topics of conversation, the way people communicate, the use of greetings, politeness norms, and the expressions and gestures considered appropriate or taboo.

Can language barriers hinder intercultural communication?

Yes, language barriers can hinder effective intercultural communication. When individuals do not share a common language, misunderstandings can occur, and it becomes more challenging to exchange ideas and express oneself accurately.

How does learning a new language contribute to cultural understanding?

Learning a new language provides insights into the cultural practices, beliefs, and perspectives of the speakers. It helps develop empathy, fosters cross-cultural communication and facilitates a deeper understanding and appreciation of different cultures.

Can cultural norms affect language learning and teaching?

Yes, cultural norms can influence language learning and teaching. Different cultures may have varying expectations regarding communication styles, politeness, and language use, which may impact language learners’ strategies and teachers’ instructional approaches.

How can language learners navigate cultural differences effectively?

Language learners can navigate cultural differences effectively by being open-minded, respectful, and willing to learn about and adapt to the cultural practices and communication styles of the target language community.

Why is it important to consider culture when translating or interpreting?

Considering culture during translation or interpretation is crucial because meanings, expressions, and nuances can vary across cultures. Translators and interpreters need to convey not only the words but also the cultural context and intended message accurately.

Should I Teach Culture Along With Language?

Yes, teaching culture along with a language can greatly enhance the language learning experience for students. Here are some reasons why it is beneficial to incorporate cultural elements into language instruction.

Enhances communication skills

Language and culture are closely intertwined. Understanding cultural norms, customs, and gestures can help students communicate more effectively and appropriately in real-life situations. Cultural knowledge allows learners to interpret language nuances, idioms, and non-verbal cues, leading to better comprehension and fluency.

Fosters cultural awareness and understanding

Learning about different cultures promotes open-mindedness, empathy, and appreciation for diversity. It helps students develop a broader worldview and a deeper understanding of the perspectives, values, and beliefs of people from different backgrounds. This cultural competence is essential in our increasingly interconnected world.

Encourages authentic language use

Culture is an integral part of language, and teaching culture allows students to engage in authentic language use. By learning about customs, traditions, and cultural practices, students can apply their language skills in real-world contexts and understand the cultural context in which the language is used.

Facilitates meaningful connections

Incorporating culture in language instruction provides opportunities for students to establish connections with native speakers of the language. It allows them to relate to and engage with cultural materials such as literature, films, music, and art, fostering a deeper appreciation for the language and its speakers.

Enhances motivation and engagement

Cultural content adds interest and relevance to language learning, making it more engaging for students. It allows them to explore and discover new aspects of the target language beyond grammar and vocabulary, creating a richer and more meaningful learning experience.

Preparing for global citizenship

In today’s globalized world, proficiency in a language alone is not enough. By integrating cultural learning, students develop the skills needed to navigate intercultural interactions, work collaboratively in diverse environments, and become responsible global citizens.

Language and Culture: Join the Conversation

What are your thoughts about the relationship between these two things? Leave a comment below and let us know what you think. We’d love to hear from you.

Also, be sure to give this article a share on Facebook, Pinterest, or Twitter. It’ll help other people, like yourself who are interested in the relationship between them.

How is culture related to language?

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Relationship Between Language and Culture Essay

1. introduction.

The essay "Language and Culture" aims to address and give an in-depth analysis of the key areas where both language and culture intersect. It also explains areas of applicability of this interesting concept and how it affects the society in general. To start with, language is the primary way human beings deal with one another and so it is no surprise to find that language is an essential part of culture. It is a sort of "symbol" each culture has created for the outside world to understand and appreciate something special from that culture - every act of translation and every change of society can be seen as a result of conflict between the centrality of language and the possibilities of translation and mediation. Every distinct culture, every separate intermingling of languages incorporates and creates new distinctions, tolerations, inside and outside. Secondly, because language is very much part of culture, it has a significant impact in the development of a particular culture in the society. Language and culture are intertwined as in all parts of the world including Indonesia. If Indonesia were to lose its culture, language will eventually become a lonely world as language can only be improved and be learnt through culture. No culture would be preserved without a tool of culture which is language. By having a sound understanding in the study of language and culture, people can be in an advantageous position in intercultural communication, for example in tourism, marketing, international businesses and commerce. Also, it can help in the field of teaching students of different ethnics and backgrounds. On the other hand, the study in the areas of language and culture would be able to further investigate in the various types of dialects, customs, idioms and heritage. Moreover, by fostering the development of a culture of appreciation, students would be able to respect, appreciate, understand and embrace the quite different world view which comes through other lenses. So, empirical evidence that gives support to the hypothesis that language shapes the way people perceive the world has been drafted for further study. It is entitled as 'linguistic relativity'. This hypothesis is shaped by the American linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897 - 1941) and is also known as 'Whorfian Hypothesis' - it is the idea that language and culture can shape and influence reality. So, according to this hypothesis, one's language can shape the way one sees the world around him or her. For example, Inuit people who are living in a cold place have many different words to talk about snow and ice. Each word of snow or ice illuminates a different part of the idea of snow and ice. On the flip side, English would seem to be rather limited in expressing the same idea. From here, it clearly shows how language can shape the way people perceive the world. At first, Whorf's discovery seems to support the hypothesis. However, years went by, studies have proven that even we tend to amalgamate certain words for concepts, a different language would just reshape the way of seeing in a way, but mind you, it's not going to form different reality.

1.1 Importance of Language in Culture

Thus, language is not only a tool for communication, but also a definition of one's complex from the single forms of human language that are used for communicating in specific geographical area. There is a heart language. The heart language is the mother tongue of a person, which, like has been implied, comes naturally. Language also serves as a symbol of group identity. This is because when a group of people speaking the same language live together as a community, they increasingly develop specific cultural values. These cultural values manifest in many different aspects. By using language as the primary way to convey symbols and social practices, a language can influence social reality and political power. For example, academic language tends to be the guiding language of theoretical research. The categories and knowledge produced by this research then influence 'the actual life'. Similarly, people identify the real problems in society and mobilize to change by this language. On the other hand, if a community language, usually a minority language, tends to be ignored or suppressed, its culture would likely be subjugated and weakened. For example, India was colonized by England for two centuries and English has been used as the global language in most of India for administrative purposes. Over the two hundred years, the colonial British government has built up the ideological discourse that Indian traditions are somehow 'inferior' to the advanced Western countries. Therefore, to speak English and to educate in English have been so highly regarded as a way of knowledge. It aims at dissociating from the indigenous values and norms that are built in native languages. Thus, from this example, it can be seen that language is a part of a whole complex and continues on creating and reproducing cultural power.

1.2 Influence of Culture on Language

The vocabulary and way we use, the syntax and grammar of our language is greatly influenced by our surrounding environment, that is the culture which is both written and unwritten of the people in the society of that particular language. Just like how our culture is subject to change, language too reflects these changes. Words and phrases are added with the development of technology and the changing social and cultural norms. For example, almost every year, the Merriam-Webster dictionary is updated with new words that came to be used in the English language that year. And I'm not just talking about scientific terminology, but also slangs that teenagers use in social media and even news titles that came to be used in the English language that year. And I'm not just talking about scientific terminology, but also slangs that teenagers use in social media and even news titles. These slangs or new words originated from the people of that language and they were added into the dictionary because a vast majority of them know and use those words in their daily lives. This is most definitely an effect of the American culture, as different ethnic groups and races are able to communicate to each other and advertise their beliefs through social media and network using the modern culture's ways of communication that reflects the nation's development and prosperity. This not just reflects how people of America are coming together and be more united as a society, but has also helped to spread and plant in the newer generation the idea of a god-fearing and unique yet accepting American culture through the power of language. How much we can learn or grow from the surroundings can influence a culture when we see different languages printed or emphasized in areas such as shopping malls or in the airports. The co-existence of different languages reflects understanding, respect and good communication among the different cultures. How much we can learn or grow from the surroundings can influence a culture when we see different languages printed or emphasized in areas such as shopping malls or in the airports. The co-existence of different languages such as French, Spanish and Chinese etc. is like a in a big pot of water. As time goes by, the water will gradually be penetrated by tea floras unconsciously and those once plain water will become colorful.

2. Language as a Reflection of Culture

Vocabulary and expressions show a lot about a culture. For example, the Japanese language has dozens of ways to say "sorry". This fact demonstrates the deep importance of apologizing in Japanese culture. The Arabic language has hundreds of words for "camel". Camels have been used as transportation and even worshiped in the Arabic world for centuries. The extensive vocabulary related to camels implies the deep and complex relationship between camels and the Arabic culture, and how this relationship has manifested in the language. These examples illustrate that culturally specific concepts are often embedded in the language's vocabulary. By understanding the vocabulary and proper usage, one can not only understand polite manners and values in a culture, but can also better understand the more intricate differences that exist between two cultures. In the Chinese language, carrying on the conversation without mentioning actual food in a meal-time conversation in passing is seen as a more polite form of conversation. This is in direct contrast to the direct connotations of etiquette in Western cultures, as it is essential to use a vocabulary inclusive of politeness, particularly in social life. When we talk about a language, culture, and society we cannot overlook the concept of sociolect, which is a form of language that is used within a specific social stratum. It is common for younger people to use more informal language, such as "yeah", "stuff", and "cool", which carries less regional specificities. However, there is an apparent increase in the use of technology in communication in modern society. It is now possible for people to converse with friends from all over the world accessed through the various social media platforms. As such, the gap between generation in language is closing, adding a new dimension into the concept.

2.1 Vocabulary and Expressions

The vocabulary and expressions are the two most fundamental focal points for understanding and appreciating any human culture. Linguists and scholars, like Alford and Strother, feel that utilizing language and examining the cultures related with that language is the most ideal approach to understand the relational associations in a specific culture. They are a way "individuals have watched the guidelines of language to make sentences and bigger speeches, and which they follow when they talk and listen". There are some particular parts of languages and cultures, for example, proximity and giving orders, which are changed by the culture and by the language structure of a specific language. It could even be said that understanding language is crucial to understanding culture in light of the fact that each and everyone communicates their way of life verbally. At the point when given language and culture are esteemed, the students quickly understand that the entire move toward everything needs to change to all the more a social way. The strategy goes from teacher-took care of information to respect for individuals' way of life and their social commitment through utilization of language. By understanding the role of language in culture and the manners in which language is impacted by culture, it opens students up to new experiences and better conciliations in adapting significantly extraordinary societies. Control of language underpins the force progress went for building and supporting understudies' abilities and abilities. Alford and Strother saw that by enhancing methods for realizing, the force approach puts accentuation individual and or working in lessened program alternatives for understudies and has all the earmarks of being disengaged from the evolving society. Alford and Strother set the exploration in connection of power progress in understanding the ramifications of government sanctioned testing and the force approach to manage training programs. By understanding the diverse use of vocabulary and language given by the culture one might experience, he might have a superior understanding the unobtrusiveness and humility set up from the Chinese culture. Contemplating culture from language gave me a starting point of understanding the consideration and qualities that has passed on for more than a huge number of years. Creative and intelligent arrangements helped me connect phonetic practices with the fundamental arts and innovation curriculum.

2.2 Idioms and Proverbs

Idioms, in particular, are pervasive in many languages - including English. For example, 'butterflies in my stomach' is a common English idiom. The equivalent in French for the same expression is 'avoir le trac' - which literally translates as 'to have stage fright'. This demonstrates how idioms could be a barrier to cultures, so it is very important to know which words and idioms you could use in a different culture. The idea of idioms being unique to a language and culture could be challenged, however, because of globalization. The phrase 'catch 22' has become adopted in many cultures, and there is even a film, book, and a business with the same name. This is just one example of how the English language has borrowed from others and has been shaped over time by cultural influences. The development of technology and social media can also help popularize an idiom. For example, #ThrowbackThursday has had widespread use all over Twitter as people acknowledge the amount of times the phrase is tweeted on a Thursday in hashtag form. This actually became a recognized idiom in the English language and entered the Collins English Dictionary in 2018, showing how new terminology and idioms are constantly being created. Machine translation, as well as language learning software, sometimes fails to convey the meaning of an idiom. As a result, they could have a negative effect on language learners communicating with native speakers, creating a barrier to interacting with the target language and culture. However, studies are beginning to find that the more competent a learner becomes, they are more able to recognize localized or idiomatic language in the target culture, thus bringing them closer towards fluency.

2.3 Taboos and Politeness

Taboo language refers to words or phrases in a language that are considered inappropriate, impolite, or prohibited and would not be used in a professional or formal setting. Examples in English may include swear words or racist or sexist terms. Therefore, learning the taboos of a language is important for students of that culture. Avoiding the use of taboo language, knowing if you have unintentionally used it and showing that you are aware of the implications of the prohibited language will help you to be more polite. It is important to remember that many of the words we use in our own language without a second thought, such as those for body parts, have a greater potential to cause offense in other languages and cultures. Social factors also influence what is politely said in any given social context. For example, consider a speaker at a formal dinner who wishes to convey the idea that it is getting late. One might refer to the 'lateness of the hour' as opposed to saying 'it's late'. The first expression is more likely to be heard in this formal context and so it might be deemed the more polite choice. This suggests that the challenge of being polite in another language involves not just avoiding the obvious 'rude' words, but also involves an understanding of the particular needs of the target language in different social settings. Overall, both awareness of taboo language and the correct use of polite forms are significant success factors in learning and demonstrating language competence. By respecting social and cultural differences in both language and meaning, good lines of communication open up not just in terms of language learning but also on a wider scale in forging international and cross-cultural relationships.

3. Language as a Shaper of Culture

Language not only shapes our way of thinking and defines the reality we experience, but by creating shared meaning, it also provides a fundamental tool for shaping and maintaining a culture. Understanding the nature of the relationship between culture and language is important as it's something we can all benefit from. At the most individual level, language operates as a means of self-expression and social interaction. But the effectiveness of how we express ourselves is inextricably bound up with the culture in which we live. This is because everything, including politics, economy and family life is relative. Language does not operate in a vacuum; people who use language do so with purposes and in settings. It's these settings and culture that influence the way we speak. For example, in the United States, the term 'cultured' takes on a positive overtone that may even imply the possession of sophistication - something which is reinforced by such phrases as: 'the culture of literature is a key theme of the syllabus'. This is in direct contrast to some less national characters which give explicit overtones of a particular type of music or film when the phrase "culture" is employed. In contrast, if we turn to the Italian language, we will find the word for culture; 'la cultura' does not have a plural form and is used to convey two meanings - the broad societal sense and the study of classical or scientific culture. Such an observation highlights a common of language which is that some words in a foreign language often have no exact equivalent in another. This demonstrates the complex interplay of language and culture and provides a key insight into how meaning and reference can be affected by external cultural and social factors.

3.1 Language and Social Norms

It is the case that language is a mirror for culture, since the way a culture behaves is reflected in the language that it uses. If a group of people have developed a social norm and this is not adhered to by someone who they consider not to be one of them, as evidenced in the example above, this defines those who follow this norm as those who belong to the language community and "outsiders" who can be subject to criticism and ridicule. This may be liable to change over time, but the fact that this can happen shows the power of the culture to influence the language and in doing so assign identity and belonging through adherence to social norms. Social norms are upheld by building up an idea of what is considered a "polite" way to behave in a given society. In English, for example, speakers are advised to use the word "please" in polite requests: it is a feature of the language that helps to indicate a polite social norm. This means that new speakers of a language may require learning how the language reflects social norms as much as any other type of understanding and that not following the tradition can lead to a lack of acceptance both in terms of culture and of social identity. However, there is a clear problem with this kind of definition, which is that social norms are by their very nature liable to change. If cultural practices and language are connected in a multiplicatively reinforcing manner.

3.2 Language and Identity

Language helps to shape cultural identity in several ways. It allows people to express their individuality and to interact with others who share the same identity. When language is threatened or prohibited, it is often an effort to undermine the identity and culture that is expressed through that language. This is often the case with indigenous languages all around the world that are under threat of extinction due to colonial practices and policies. When such languages die out, it represents a significant loss of a piece of the culture and identity of the people who spoke it. Language can both support and challenge the status quo in a community. For example, in Spanish, the default way to describe a group of mixed gender - for example, a group of students - is to say "estudiantes" with the masculine ending. This reflects the historical dominance of the male gender in Spanish society. However, many people challenge this now and use "estudiantes" with an "x" at the end, such as "estudiantex", as a way to remove the identification of gender from the word. This shows the power that language can have on the way we view the world and how cultural norms are passed down through generations; but it also highlights that change is possible and that, as society changes, so too can language and the way we express ourselves. Language is a way of communicating with others. But it is also a way of communicating with yourself. Language is involved in almost all of the psychological processes that scientists have so far studied. As we know, there is an intimate connection between language and thought. This connection is not only found in the field of experimental psychology, but also applies to all human sciences.

3.3 Language and Traditions

Language acts not only as a conveyor of tradition but also as the means of enforcing it. This is due to what Bakhtin defined as the power of 'internality' in language, that it is not simply a symbolic expression of certain reified practices, but an ever-flowing living entity that reflects and sustains the tradition in minds and actions. A clear illustration of the internality of language is the existence of tacit knowledge in language. As Ong points out, oral societies rely heavily on memory and 'aggregated thought' because knowledge is only accessible collectively. The use of certain language, especially in the form of legends and myths, demands a certain level of understanding of the background in order for the acts themselves to make sense. For instance, in the indigenous Australian language of Kuuk Thaayorre, every sentence has to start with a specification of absolute cardinal direction so the use of the language is inseparable from the speaker's habit of constant spatial awareness according to the cultural belief of nature worship. In this sense, language is not only functional in describing customs or beliefs, but exists within the holistic sphere of the tradition, constantly molding and being molded by the ever-flowing line of practices. Such internal quality of language, when forming and transferring tradition onto the next generation, also serves as powerful evidence of the coherency and resilience of that tradition. By observing that the habits formed through language result in a more tight-knit and intertwined society, as well as with a strong collective awareness of past and future. As a consequence, it is possible that when sociocultural changes become more and more drastic, for instance through globalization in the contemporary world, the indigenous languages that are based upon tradition might be under a more immediate and severe threat compared to those introduced from outside. The recent extinction of Eyak language from Alaska, which was claimed by the UNESCO to be 'vulnerable' just a decade ago, warns us of the possible danger of disconnect between tradition and language. When the last fluent bearer of Eyak language died and left nobody in the society who is self-consciously aware of the tradition embedded in the language, it was to a large extent impossible for the future generations to preserve and pass on the customs and values that were once the lifeline of the community. On the other hand, the continuity and productivity generated through the tradition-imbued language is a testimony of such internal power of language. Like the case of classical languages such as Latin in the development of academic terminology or the influences that ancient Greek exerts on philosophical discourse, it is through the recognition of the essential value of language in expressing and impacting cultural identity that we are able to access the continual commitment to watching over traditional customs and conventions, since even the breaking of certain 'written rules'—in a sense of not just the overt laws but the unstated customs and taboos—should be expressed and understood through the way we articulate and rationalize in a community with shared language. Such argument becomes particularly persuasive when we take into account the dispute and conflict in the modern globalized society. It is traditional ways of making claims of damage, wrongs, and responsibilities, which are reflected and passed down through the narrative of language and discourse, that founds the very possibility of reaching mutual understanding and justifiable settlements. Hence, language does not simply learn but teach, not simply express but create the cultural identity, and until the cultural significance of language in law and ethics is recognized and fulfilled, the divulgement of cultural unity and historical acquaintance will be forever missing.

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The Relationship Between Language and Culture

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