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Reported speech

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• Reported statements - worksheet
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• Worksheet - reported speech
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• Indirect speech - exercises
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• Mixed reported speech 1
• Mixed reported speech 2
• Reported speech 1 
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• Reported wh- questions
• Reported speech - worksheet 
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• Reported speech 1
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• Reported requests and orders
• Reported speech exercise
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• Reported speech - grammar notes
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Reported Speech

Perfect english grammar.

Reported Statements

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. ( Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell' .) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

• Direct speech: I like ice cream.
• Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'. (As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)

But , if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

• Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

* doesn't change.

• Direct speech: The sky is blue.
• Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

Click here for a mixed tense exercise about practise reported statements. Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about questions?

• Direct speech: Where do you live?
• Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.
• Direct speech: Where is Julie?
• Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.
• Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?
• Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

Click here to practise reported 'wh' questions. Click here to practise reported 'yes / no' questions. Reported Requests

There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:

• Direct speech: Close the window, please
• Or: Could you close the window please?
• Or: Would you mind closing the window please?
• Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.
• Direct speech: Please don't be late.
• Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.

Reported Orders

• Direct speech: Sit down!
• Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
• Click here for an exercise to practise reported requests and orders.
• Click here for an exercise about using 'say' and 'tell'.
• Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.

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Reported Speech – Free Exercise

Write the following sentences in indirect speech. Pay attention to backshift and the changes to pronouns, time, and place.

• Two weeks ago, he said, “I visited this museum last week.” → Two weeks ago, he said that   . I → he|simple past → past perfect|this → that|last …→ the … before
• She claimed, “I am the best for this job.” → She claimed that   . I → she|simple present→ simple past|this→ that
• Last year, the minister said, “The crisis will be overcome next year.” → Last year, the minister said that   . will → would|next …→ the following …
• My riding teacher said, “Nobody has ever fallen off a horse here.” → My riding teacher said that   . present perfect → past perfect|here→ there
• Last month, the boss explained, “None of my co-workers has to work overtime now.” → Last month, the boss explained that   . my → his/her|simple present→ simple past|now→ then

Rewrite the question sentences in indirect speech.

• She asked, “What did he say?” → She asked   . The subject comes directly after the question word.|simple past → past perfect
• He asked her, “Do you want to dance?” → He asked her   . The subject comes directly after whether/if |you → she|simple present → simple past
• I asked him, “How old are you?” → I asked him   . The subject comes directly after the question word + the corresponding adjective (how old)|you→ he|simple present → simple past
• The tourists asked me, “Can you show us the way?” → The tourists asked me   . The subject comes directly after whether/if |you→ I|us→ them
• The shop assistant asked the woman, “Which jacket have you already tried on?” → The shop assistant asked the woman   . The subject comes directly after the question word|you→ she|present perfect → past perfect

Rewrite the demands/requests in indirect speech.

• The passenger requested the taxi driver, “Stop the car.” → The passenger requested the taxi driver   . to + same wording as in direct speech
• The mother told her son, “Don’t be so loud.” → The mother told her son   . not to + same wording as in direct speech, but remove don’t
• The policeman told us, “Please keep moving.” → The policeman told us   . to + same wording as in direct speech ( please can be left off)
• She told me, “Don’t worry.” → She told me   . not to + same wording as in direct speech, but remove don’t
• The zookeeper told the children, “Don’t feed the animals.” → The zookeeper told the children   . not to + same wording as in direct speech, but remove don’t

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Reported speech exercises PDF

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Reported speech

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PDF exercises with answers to download for free.

Reported speech PDF exercise 1

Key with answers 1

• Complete sentences: "It is too late." - I said it was too late.

Reported speech PDF exercise 2

Key with answers 2

• A multiple choice choice test: "Sam may contact you." - He said Sam might contact me.

Reported speech PDF exercise 3

Key with answers 3

• Reported speech to direct speech: She said she lived in York. - "I live in York," she said.

Reported speech PDF exercise 4

Key with answers 4

• Time in reported speech: We will set off tomorrow." - They said they would set off the next day.

Reported speech PDF exercise 5

Key with answers 5

• Correct mistakes: "I have been with Jill since yesterday," said Joe on Friday morning. On Friday morning Joe said he had been with Jill since yesterday. Correct: On Friday morning Joe said he had been with Jill since the day before .

Reported speech PDF exercise 6

Key with answers 6

• All changes in reported speech: Tim said he had worked with them the previous month. - "I worked with them last month," said Tim.

Reported questions + commands exercises PDF Practise questions, commands and requests in the reported speech.

Online exercises with answers:

Direct and indirect speech exercises Multiple choice and gap-filling exercises on reported statements, questions and commands.

Grammar rules PDF:

Reported speech rules PDF Changes of tenses, pronouns, time and place in reported statements, questions and commands.

English grammar PDF All PDF rules with examples on this website to download for free.

The reported speech is used if we want to report what other people said, thought or felt. We use reporting verbs such as say, tell, explain, think, hope, etc. If these verbs are in the past tense, we change the following: a) verb tenses and verb forms b) pronouns c) adverbs of time and place

A) Verb tenses

We change the tenses in the following way.

• Present simple - past simple: "I work in York," Joe said. - Joe said (that) he worked in York.
• Present continuous - past continuous: "We are playing a game," Jane explained. - Jane explained (that) they were playing a game.
• Past simple - past perfect simple: "Sarah came back," I thought. - I thought (that) Sarah had come back.
• Past continuous - past perfect continuous: "I was talking to our new neighbour," Ben told me. - Ben told me (that) he had been talking to our new neighbour.
• Present perfect simple - past perfect simple: "I have eaten all sandwiches," he admitted. - He admitted (that) he had eaten all sandwiches.
• Present perfect continuous - past perfect continuous: "I have been driving for three hours," he comnplained. - He complained (that) he had been driving for three hours.
• Will - would I will wait outside the station," he reminded me. - He reminded me (that) he would wait outside the station.

Note: Some modal verbs change in a specific way, whereas other verb forms remain the same in special cases.

Read more: Direct and indirect speech

B) Pronouns

Personal pronouns

We have to change pronouns in the reported speech to keep the same meaning. "We are in Italy," he said. - He said they were in Italy. "They invited us," Betty said. - Betty said they had invited them. "I admire your new garden," she told me. - She told me she admired my new garden. "You can take my car," Peter said. - Peter said I could take his car.

This and these

This and these are usually substituted. "They will move this year," my mum said. - My mum said they would move that year. "I like these shoes," Tim insisted. - Tim insisted he liked the shoes.

C) Time and place

The time expressions change as follows.

now - then, today - that day, tomorrow - the next day/the following day, the day after tomorrow - in two days' time, yesterday - the day before, the day before yesterday - two days before, next week/month - the following week/month, last week/month - the previous week/month, a year ago - a year before/the previous year

Marion: "I will do it tomorrow." - Marion said she would do it the next day. Dan: "We arrived last week." - Dan said they had arrived the previous week. Judith: "Brian got married a year ago." - Judith said Brian had got married a year before.

Here and there

Here usually becomes there . But sometimes we have to make different adjustments. "I'll stay here till the evening," he said. - He said he would stay there till the evening. In the hospital: "We'll meet here." - He said they would meet in the hospital.

• All PDF exercises and grammar rules from this website.

Reported speech

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Reported statements, questions, commands

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Reported Speech Exercise - autoenglish.org

Reported Speech ExerciseDIRECT REPORTEDis seeing was seeingsees sawsaw saw/had seenhas seen had seenwill see would seeis going to see was going to seecan see could seeDIRECT Reported here therethis thatthese thosenow thentoday that dayyesterday the previous daytomorrow the next dayShe said, We .. She said that they ..They said to him, .. They told him that ..A Convert the phrases below into Reported "It's raining," she said.. 2He said to her, "I love you." ..3"I saw Mar a in the supermarket yesterday," said Carlos..4"We've lived here for three years," he said..5"I'll bring a pasta salad," said Francesca..6"Mark's going to install solar panels," said Miranda..7"They found gold here," said the geology teacher..8"Jenny can't speak French," said Pierre..9"I first met my wife in Seville," he told them..10"I want your homework handed in by tomorrow," he said to the class..11"My mother made these cakes," said Juan..12"I'm feeling tired now," said David..B Now write some examples of your by Bob Wilson Robert Clifford McNair Wilson 2009 Answers1 She said (that) it was raining.

Reported Speech Exercise DIRECT REPORTED is seeing was seeing sees saw saw saw/had seen has seen had seen will see would see is going to see was going to see

  Exercise , Reported , Speech , Reported speech exercise

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Transcription of Reported Speech Exercise - autoenglish.org

1 Reported Speech ExerciseDIRECT REPORTEDis seeing was seeingsees sawsaw saw/had seenhas seen had seenwill see would seeis going to see was going to seecan see could seeDIRECT Reported here therethis thatthese thosenow thentoday that dayyesterday the previous daytomorrow the next dayShe said, We .. She said that they ..They said to him, .. They told him that ..A Convert the phrases below into Reported "It's raining," she said.. 2He said to her, "I love you." ..3"I saw Mar a in the supermarket yesterday," said Carlos..4"We've lived here for three years," he said..5"I'll bring a pasta salad," said Francesca..6"Mark's going to install solar panels," said Miranda..7"They found gold here," said the geology teacher..8"Jenny can't speak French," said Pierre..9"I first met my wife in Seville," he told them..10"I want your homework handed in by tomorrow," he said to the class..11"My mother made these cakes," said Juan..12"I'm feeling tired now," said David..B Now write some examples of your by Bob Wilson Robert Clifford McNair Wilson 2009 Answers1 She said (that) it was raining.

2 2He told her (that) he loved her. 3 Carlos said (that) he saw/had seen Mar a in the supermarket the previous day. 4He said (that) they had lived there for three years. 5 Francesca said (that) she would bring a pasta salad. 6 Miranda said (that) Mark was going to install solar panels. 7 The geology teacher said (that) they had found gold there. 8 Pierre said (that) Jenny couldn't speak French. 9He told them (that) he first met/ had first met his wife in Seville. 10He told the class (that) he wanted their homework handed in by the next day. 11 Juan said (that) his mother made/had made those cakes. 12 David said (that) he was feeling tired then. by Bob Wilson Robert Clifford McNair Wilson 2009

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