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What I’ve Learned First-Hand About Getting Ahead at Work With a Speech Impediment

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“Did you forget your name?” someone asked me at a networking event for marketing professionals a few years ago after it took me almost a minute to say it.

“No, I stutter,” I politely replied.

“Oh my gosh. I’m so sorry,” he said “I had no idea.”

I wasn’t upset. He’s right: He didn’t know. There’s so much mystery surrounding stuttering—a communication disorder that involves the involuntary repetition of words along with pauses and other disfluencies. But it’s actually quite common. According to The Stuttering Foundation of America , 1% of people worldwide stutter. That’s 70 million people in total and three million in the United States alone.

I’ve had a speech impediment since I was three years old. In my case, stuttering usually manifests itself in terms of repetitions or prolongations: “My name is S-S-S-S-Samuel” or “Hhhhhello, hhhhow are you?”

Instead of being unhappy about the encounter at the networking event, I felt proud that I’d brought up my stuttering. I wasn’t always so forthcoming about my speech impediment: When I was growing up and into my adolescence, I hardly spoke. Whether it was at school or at work, I avoided most social situations out of embarrassment and fear of being ridiculed.

But in my early 20s, I was seeing a speech therapist who pushed me to be more open. In 2011, I attended the National Stuttering Association conference, the largest gathering of stutterers worldwide, and it marked a turning point.

It was the first time I’d met so many other professionals who stutter—lawyers, doctors, actors, and more—all in one place. It felt surreal, like some alternate reality where stuttering was the norm. To my surprise, everyone spoke without fear or embarrassment. They didn’t care. In fact, they were proud. Stuttering was celebrated. That’s when I first realized that stuttering isn’t something to be ashamed of—it’s just something I happen to do, and that’s okay.

The transition didn’t happen overnight, but over the last eight years, I’ve started to bring up my stuttering more. I’ve talked to friends, family, and colleagues. I’ve mentioned it in every job interview and been open about it at every organization I’ve worked for. Here’s what I’ve learned first-hand about succeeding with a speech impediment.

I Learned the Power of Owning My Stutter

It’s so easy to give in to the fear and avoid speaking up, especially when people react negatively. Because it does happen.

One of my first jobs was a summer internship at a nonprofit organization. One week, I had to cover the front desk and answer the phone, which terrified me to my very core. When I picked up a call from a woman asking about donations, I started to stutter and I could tell she was getting impatient.

“Can you just transfer me to someone else?” she asked.

“Okay,” I replied. “Who would you like me to transfer you to?”

“Anyone but you,” she said.

I immediately went to the bathroom and broke down into tears. I didn’t regret being put on the phones, but I wished I had said something to her about my stuttering. At the time, I hadn’t yet opened up about it and this faceless woman on the phone confirmed my worst fears about how people would perceive me. But it turned out that she was an anomaly.

Three years later, I was interviewing for a PR role at another nonprofit organization and I told the executive director that I stutter. This was the first time that I disclosed my stuttering in an interview, and he surprised me by saying, “Oh, that’s cool.” He proceeded to ask me questions: When did I start stuttering? Do I stutter more on certain words? Does it get worse in specific situations? We talked for nearly 40 minutes. Later that afternoon, he emailed me. I got the job.

I’m not sure whether he hired me because he respected my honesty, because he enjoyed our conversation or—could it be?!—because he was impressed with my qualifications. But I learned an important truth: Most people don’t care about my stuttering, certainly not in the negative way I’d thought they would. They look beyond it and actually listen.

I realized how much I’d been limiting myself due to the fear of what others may think. In the past, I’d avoided contributing in meetings, even when I had something to say, and I didn’t get to know my colleagues as much as I wanted to.

But after that interview, I started stuttering openly and mentioning my stuttering more at work. I was no longer afraid of picking up the phone. I was speaking up in meetings and socializing with colleagues. I was owning my stuttering and no longer giving in to the fear. It felt like I’d removed a weight off my shoulders, which allowed me to focus on my work and let my talents speak for themselves. My confidence was growing and, finally, I felt like myself.

I Learned There Are Lots of Ways to Talk About My Stuttering

Since I started to open up about my stuttering in interviews and on the job, I’ve explored several different ways of bringing it up.

I’ve tried the straightforward reveal of saying, “I stutter, so it may take me slightly longer to say what I have to say.” Other times, I’ve alluded to it by mentioning my involvement in the stuttering community. There’s also the humorous approach that I’ve taken in stand-up comedy and sometimes also use to break the ice with colleagues: “I stutter, so if you have plans tomorrow, you should probably cancel them.” Over time, I’ve evolved to the wear-my-stutter-on-my-sleeve approach. Well, more like a keep-my-stutter-on-my-desk approach. I now have a coffee mug with the words “Keep calm and stutter on” scrawled across the side.

No matter how I bring up my stuttering, it helps my colleagues and bosses understand me and work with me better and it increases people’s understanding of stuttering and other communication disorders in general. Because there are so many misconceptions.

About three years ago, I disclosed my stuttering in a job interview, to which the employer replied, “Oh, I just thought you were talking that way because you were nervous.” I was nervous, but it’s the other way around: I don’t stutter because I’m nervous, I’m nervous because I stutter.

According to the National Stuttering Association, this idea that people stutter because they’re nervous is one of a long list of myths that also includes false notions attributing stuttering to shyness, lower intelligence, bad parenting, emotional trauma, and more. Just like with any disability, employers may overlook people who stutter due to these stereotypes.

By being open about my stuttering, I’m dispelling these myths, letting employers know that I’m not ashamed about how I talk, and, most importantly, reinforcing that my stuttering doesn’t impede my job performance. And if they learn as much about me, they might also be more inclusive of others who stutter in the future.

I Learned to Embrace the Benefits of My Speech Impediment

I would argue that having a stutter enhances my job performance. Yes, you read that right. Stuttering actually has benefits in the workplace. It’s taught me compassion, as I’ve become sympathetic to other people’s needs. It’s taught me perseverance, as I’ve learned to cope and manage my stuttering. It’s even allowed me to get to know my colleagues better.

Eight years after the dreadful call with the woman during my internship, I was working for another nonprofit organization. I was in the kitchen when a colleague entered and glanced at the “Keep calm and stutter on” mug I was filling up.

“You know,” she said, “one of my former professors stutters, too. He was my favorite professor. He was engaging and hilarious.”

Back at my desk, I couldn’t help but smile. My stuttering was out in the open and my colleagues didn’t care. They accepted it. The interaction reinforced something I learned back in 2011 at the conference: Despite and sometimes because of the fact that I speak differently, I can still make an impact and succeed at work.

While my stuttering doesn’t define me, it’s still a part of my life. And when I share it with others, it encourages them to open up, too. My stuttering has allowed me to connect with my co-workers and develop not only stronger personal ties with them, but also more productive working relationships.

Don’t get me wrong, it’s still frustrating when it takes me a minute to say my name or when I know exactly what I want to say, but I just can’t seem to get the words out. But today I own up to my stuttering and I don’t let it hold me back. Instead, I let it propel me forward and help me thrive at work and outside of it.

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If you stutter at your interview, you’re more likely to be rejected: why we shouldn’t discriminate against stutterers.

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Though stuttering is often involuntary, it can portray a sense of hesitation, uncertainty, or faltering. It’s easy to see stutterers as being nervous people or inadequate speakers — even if they have the most brilliant thing to say in the room. We naturally focus more on charisma than the actual content of the words, a new study suggests.

The study, recently published in Work, Employment and Society , found that if you have a stutter, you may be more likely to be discriminated against when interviewed or applying for jobs. People were more likely to be rejected immediately at interviews due to their stutter. “Many participants were told not only of their mismatch for the specifics of the job or the likelihood of a detrimental impact on customers, but also of the possible negative impact on team dynamics if they were appointed,” Clare Butler, a researcher at Newcastle University and an author of the study, told HealthDay . Stuttering is a form of speech impairment that may involve the repetition of a consonant.

Butler reviewed 36 men who were between the ages of 21 and 65, who all stuttered in some way. They all reported routine discrimination during their job application and interview processes. While some simply were rejected immediately after their interview, others were placed in unsatisfying jobs for which they were overqualified, Butler said. The men who were overqualified for their jobs described their work as “mindless” or “frustrating.”

Despite the fact that stutterers were apparently discriminated against, Butler said most of them didn’t challenge employers to reconsider them, or to prove that they were capable despite their stutters. “This is in contrast to the movement for those with other impairments, such as dyslexia, where employees now expect, and employers are expected to make, adjustments to facilitate full access at work,” Butler said.

According to the Stuttering Foundation, people who have stutters are actually the opposite of what many might initially believe: they can be hard workers who compensate for their lack of speaking skills through dedication and perfectionism. “People who stutter often have a temperament that’s perfectionist because many have to work tirelessly to gain fluency,” Barry Guitar, professor of speech-language pathology at the University of Vermont, said in a Stuttering Foundation report.

The Stuttering Foundation notes that there are four different reasons contributing to stuttering. The first is genetic; about 60 percent of stutterers also have relatives who do the same. Children who have developmental issues with language or speech are also likely to stutter. Research has shown that neurophysiology plays a role in stuttering as well: people who stutter often process speech and language differently than people who don’t. The environment, meanwhile, is also influential; people with certain intense or high-stress family dynamics may be more likely to stutter than others.

If you have a stutter and you’re finding it hard to find a job, remember to be open about your disability to your employer or interviewer, as hiding it can put you under more pressure. Meanwhile, employers ought to look beyond the initial stutter of someone who can offer excellent skills to their company. “It’s important for employers to look beyond the disfluencies to see the underlying qualities of the applicant,” Pat Garahan, who has interviewed stutterers, and been a job candidate as a stutterer, told the Stuttering Foundation . “Listen to what applicants say, rather than how they say it.”

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Stuttering and Jobs - It’s what you say, not how you say it

Job interviews are arguably one of the most stress inducing moments in anyone’s life. More so if you feel or think that you are unable to represent yourself to the best of your abilities. In a culture where articulation is heavily equated with intellect, the obsession with the appearance of skill can rob people with speech defects of significant opportunities. The employer’s concerns might be about the efficient communication between the team members. The best approach is to ascertain the practical requirements of the job and what it entails in terms of communication related issues.

Good communication is about more than just fluency. Fluency can be attained and mastered. To be able to communicate is about one’s ability to listen and empathize with people from different walks of life. It is about thoughtfulness and sensitivity in both speech and actions. And who better to understand and manage sometimes clashing personalities than someone who has learnt patience and hard work through his/her life’s experiences.

Be honest with your interviewer

Stutterers should honestly address their speech impediment with the prospective employer and discuss the various ways that might make them perform their duties better. The impact if any that the speech disfluency might have on certain areas of their job and how they might tackle it. People with speech disabilities can have varied professions including high pressure jobs in sales, medicine, public relations. One’s skills and intellect are certainly not defined by their speech defect. However, hiding one’s stuttering can create a vicious and toxic cycle to anxiety and fear that shall push back any progress made to attain fluency.

Approach the interview with confidence

Studies suggest that people who stutter are less likely to apply for a job that they think will trigger their stuttering adversely. 70% believe that their capabilities are misjudged and 28% strongly liken their not receiving a promotion to their speech defect. In moments of self-doubt, it is pivotal to remind oneself of the perseverance and diligence that you bring to the workplace. The intuitive understanding of non- verbal and emotional communication that makes stutters naturally superior managers.

Plan for the interview

While displaying your qualities and skills required for the position, an interview is also an opportunity to learn more about the organization. A chance to know about the energy and goals of the company and if it aligns with your vision of yourself in the future.

Homework isn’t just for school anymore

Research the company or organization that you are interviewing for. If possible, try to learn more about the person most likely to interview you whether it is via a phone call or an in-person interview. You will know you are fully prepared when you have a couple or more questions for the interviewer. This works as both a brilliant presentation of your attention to detail and provides a framework for your working relationship if hired for the job.

Employers who appreciate honesty and conscientiousness in their employees will find in stutterers keenly intelligent and insightful members for their team.

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Can Speech and Language Disorders Affect Your Job Opportunities?

“If all my possessions were taken from me with one exception, I would choose to keep the power of communication, for by it I would soon regain all the rest.”

– Daniel Webster

The short answer to this question is, unfortunately, “yes.” Speech and language disorders can and do affect job opportunities, particularly when it comes to how you perform in a job interview.

If you have difficulty in finding the right words to say or organizing your thoughts for example, a potential employer might think you’re not equipped to handle the job or have come to the interview unprepared. An interviewer, who is unaware that you have a speech or language challenge, could form a negative opinion, come to incorrect conclusions or make judgments about your intellectual capacity.

A heavy accent could inhibit a person’s ability to make themselves understood to others. If verbal communication skills are an important part of the job he/she is seeking, a prospective employer might dismiss him/her as an inappropriate candidate. Similarly, a speech and/or language difficulty could inhibit your prospects for a promotion, if the new job requires public speaking, for example.

Fortunately every person with a speech or language disorder has the potential to improve. With the right help, the right attitude and lots of practice, new skills can be learned and new strategies can be incorporated that will have you expressing yourself more clearly.

If you think a speech or language disorder might be impacting negatively on your career opportunities. Contact S.L. Hunter & Associates to determine how the team of qualified Speech-Language Pathologists can help.

The offices of S.L. Hunter & Associates are located at 5195 Harvester Rd. Unit 4B. They can be reached by telephone at 905-637-5522 or online at  www.slhunter.ca .

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A Career and Employment Guide for Adults with Speech Disabilities

• August 31, 2019

Adults with speech-related disabilities face a unique set of challenges when pursuing a career or seeking employment. With the right approach, job seekers with speaking, communication, or language comprehension issues can overcome these barriers and obstacles that they may encounter. While people with speaking limitations can develop skills and coping strategies to succeed in any career, they can also pursue positions that are ideal for people with speech problems, because they do not present significant barriers or challenges.

Table of Contents

What You Should Know About Jobs for People with Speech Problems

Adults with speech and language disabilities may feel limited in their employment options and may sometimes face exclusion, discrimination, and isolation once they begin a job

Job choice can play a crucial role in overcoming these obstacles. Certain jobs won’t require as much spoken communication as other professions, and in some careers, employers can more easily provide accommodations for people with speech impediments. In such positions, the impact of a speech disability is not severe, and communication problems may not be a challenge to career advancement.

Every employee with a speech disability has a unique set of needs. Unfortunately, it is difficult to predict how employers and coworkers will respond to someone with a disability. Aside from choosing a job or career with limited barriers, you also need to understand what rights you have as a worker with a disability. Finally, you need to consider how to approach the job search.

Luckily, people with speech impairments are not alone in this challenge. More than 20 million employment-age Americans have at least one disability. Because of this, there are strategies and approaches for finding employment, undertaking professional development, handling the interview process, and limiting the impact that your disability has on your career.

ADA Accommodations for Individuals With Speech and Language Impairments

All disabled job seekers need to understand their rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) . The ADA guarantees rights for individuals with disabilities in all parts of public life. Title 1 of the ADA focuses on employment. Title 1 says that employers must provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities so that they can perform their job. Also, companies cannot discriminate during hiring, on the job, or when it comes to career advancement opportunities and benefits. You can get information about the ADA from the U.S. Department of Justice website. The DoJ also provides information about filing a claim if you feel that you have suffered discrimination during your job search or while on the job.

What Do Employers Have to Do and What Do You Have to Do?

To abide by the law, employers need to provide reasonable accommodations to people with speech disabilities so that they can perform their primary job functions. The rules are clear, but when and how to disclose a disability can be confusing.

The ADA says that employers cannot ask specific questions about disabilities during the hiring process. At the same time, however, they need to know about a disability to provide any special accommodations. Title 1 states that employers need to provide these accommodations for “known” disabilities. In other words, if you fail to notify your company, they do not have to provide special accommodations.

The point at which you disclose your disability depends on the accommodations that you need. If you need to use an alternate form of communication during your job interview, you need to communicate this to the employer before your interview appointment. If you do not need special accommodations at that time, you can wait until you get a job. After hiring, you can tell the human resources department or your supervisor about your needs. You should know that Title 1 covers interviews and hiring. A company cannot cancel an interview or rescind a job offer after learning of your disability

What Is a Reasonable Accommodation?

What exactly are “reasonable accommodations?” A reasonable accommodation could be a piece of equipment or process change (or any other support) that you need to perform the essential functions of your job.

A simplified example might be that a company has an established practice of data entry workers reporting problems orally to their supervisor. If your speech disability makes this challenging, your employer can change this policy for you to allow you to submit your report in writing. Another example in an office setting could be to enable you to make reports or presentations with a PowerPoint slideshow rather than speaking. In addition to changes to their processes and practices, the company would purchase any necessary software to allow you to do this.

Reasonable accommodations could extend to training and career development opportunities, and it could also include providing you with time off to attend speech therapy.

Reasonable Accommodations Are Not Specific Requests

When a company offers jobs for adults with disabilities, they need to provide accommodations, but they do not necessarily need to meet your specific requests. You can request changes or special support, but you may have to negotiate with the employer to define “reasonable accommodation.” The law requires them to provide support to help you perform essential job functions. This does not necessarily mean that they have to get the specific equipment or make the process changes that you request. They only need to satisfy the reasonable accommodations requirement.

When Title 1 Does Not Apply

Title 1 does not apply to companies with fewer than 15 employees, and any reasonable accommodations cannot cause “undue hardship” to the employer. This means that if they can prove that offering support to an employee with disabilities causes an excessive financial burden, they may not need to make changes required by Title 1.

Another thing to remember is that the ADA protections are for people who have the credentials, experience, and other assets for a job. Employers do not have to give people with speech disabilities special treatment, but they do have to treat them equally to other employees and job applicants. Therefore, the ADA does not guarantee employment.

Best Jobs For People With Speech and Language Impairments

Some career paths and jobs have fewer barriers for people with speech or language impairments. While you can pursue any career if you have the qualifications and understand your rights under the ADA, these careers are particularly accessible to people with speech and language impairments. Here are some examples of ideal types of jobs for people with speaking disabilities; unless otherwise noted, all statistical information came from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) .

Freight Stocker

• Benefits: A freight stocker receives goods and places them in a warehouse or on retail shelves. This job does not necessarily require communicating with customers, even if you work for a retail store.
• Average Salary: $24,158
• Education and Skills Required: High school diploma and physical ability to lift items.
• Outlook: The BLS categorizes stock jobs with order filling jobs. Overall, the demand for these positions is expected to rise in the coming decade.
• Benefits: Accountants perform most of their tasks on a computer using accounting software such as QuickBooks. You work with numbers and financial data. Though you may need to communicate with clients, you may often do so in writing.
• Average Salary: $70,000
• Education and Skills Required: Varies. Most jobs require a bachelor’s degree in accounting, mathematical skills, knowledge of accounting software, and professional certification. Some bookkeeping positions require an associate’s degree.
• Outlook: Accounting jobs are expected to grow slightly more than average (10%) in the coming years. There will likely be a demand for qualified accountants who have a bachelor’s degree.

Food Preparation

• Benefits: Food preparation jobs involve working under chefs or cooks. While you need to take direction in this job, you usually do not need to speak often. Also, food prep professionals can advance to cook, chef, or catering positions after gaining job experience.
• Average Salary: $23,730
• Education and Skills Required: Entry-level food prep workers need a high school diploma, and they learn their trade through on-the-job training. You can also pursue an education at a culinary school for career advancement.
• Outlook: The BLS expects demand for food prep specialists to grow as fast as average (about 8% growth per year). Turnover is high in this industry, so employers are often seeking new employees.

Landscaping

• Benefits : You can work in an outdoor environment with a limited need to speak. You can also gain experience for related careers such as horticulture or landscape design.
• Average Salary: $26,601
• Education and Skills Required: You need a high school diploma and the physical ability to perform manual labor outdoors. Most employers provide on-the-job training, but you may need safety training if you apply pesticides or certain fertilizers.
• Outlook: Overall, the demand for ground maintenance workers should increase by 11%, which is faster than the average for all occupations.
• Benefits: This career focuses on computer work, making it a great potential job for people with disabilities related to speech. You may be able to work from a remote location, and you often communicate with employers and other team members via email or chat applications.
• Average Salary: $31,585
• Education and Skills Required: A high school diploma and computer skills are sufficient for entry-level jobs, though you can also pursue a postsecondary certificate or associate’s degree for specialized positions that involve medical, financial, or legal data.
• Outlook: Overall, data entry job demand is expected to fall in the coming decade, though the BLS predicts a rise in demand for specialized data jobs in healthcare.

Software Developer

• Benefits: Software developers work with computer code, and they use documentation methods and project management software to track progress and communicate with team members. These processes and practices limit the need for spoken communication.
• Average Salary : $105,000 or $50 per hour
• Education and Skills Required: A degree in computer science or equivalent experience.
• Outlook: Demand for software developers may increase by as much as 25% in the coming decade.

Job Search Tips

• Choose jobs for which you are qualified. You want to approach your job search from a place of confidence. You can get this assuredness from education or experience or because you have a real interest in or passion for a certain type of work.
• Research companies. During a job search, it is best to explore all opportunities and avenues. However, you may want to focus on companies that have a positive work culture. Some may even have a track record of providing jobs for people with disabilities. Look for online employment reviews and check out the company site. Is the company inclusive? Do they have a statement about non-discrimination? Answers to these questions can offer some clues about a company’s approach to giving jobs to disabled adults.
• Interact with the company and employees on social media. Social media provides a more informal setting for interacting with a company or employees. You do not need to ask specific questions about accommodations for people with speaking difficulties to get a feel for the company culture.

Resume and Interview Tips

On your resume, focus on experience, education, skills, and other qualifications that would make you an asset to the employer. Concentrating on your most marketable attributes can help you approach interviews from a place of confidence. During the meeting, focus on the same qualifications and assets.

If you have severe speech or communication impediments, you may need to disclose them before your interview so that the interviewer can make reasonable accommodations as required by the ADA. If you have to do this, you should still spend the interview focusing on your skills and qualifications instead of your disability.

You should understand that you do not disqualify yourself from requesting reasonable accommodations later if you do not disclose your disability during the interview process.

Organizations For People With Speech and Language Impairments

Different organizations provide resources for people with speech and language impairments.

General Organizations:

• The American Speech Language Hearing Association. Their mission is to make effective communication accessible to all people.
• National Institute of Deafness and other Communication Disorders. Their mission focuses on research, but they also have specialists who help people location information and resources.
• Center for Speech and Language Disorders. This organization provides speech and communication support and resources for people of all ages.

For Job Seekers:

• Job Accommodation Network provides resources and advice for job seekers with a wide range of disabilities, including speech and language impairments.

If you have knowledge of your rights and an understanding of how to communicate your needs with your employer, a speech or language disability does not have to be a barrier to employment or career advancement.

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How to support professionals with speech impediments to progress through the recruitment process

What do Joe Biden, Sir Winston Churchill, Ed Sheeran, Stormzy and Emily Blunt have in common? Besides an exceptional career, they all have a stammer. 

Over 1.5 million adults in the UK report speaking with a stammer. And this number has risen throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The combination of increased social anxiety and reduced face-to-face contact has aggravated the challenge for those with speech problems. Stammers can become more prominent when the person is stressed, feeling anxious, worried, frustrated or embarrassed - all feelings that are normal during the interview setting. 

So what can recruitment consultants and hiring managers do to help people who stammer progress through the recruitment process? 

Firstly, what is a stammer? 

Stammering and stuttering mean exactly the same thing. In the UK, we tend to talk about stammering, whilst elsewhere it is called stuttering.

According to the Michael Palin Center For Stammering , a person who stammers may: 

• Repeat whole words, e.g. “and, and, and, then I left
• Repeat single sounds or syllables, e.g. “p-p-project”
• Prolong or stretch sounds, e.g. “sssssssometimes I go out”
• Block, where the mouth is in position, but no sound comes out
• Try to physically push the word out by making other movements. e.g. stamping a foot, shifting body position, nodding their head or jerking their head to one side, screwing up their eyes, tapping their finger, clenching a fist or making other gestures with their hands
• Display body language that indicates they are feeling self-conscious about stammering, e.g. looking down or away or covering their mouth
• Breathe in an unusual way, i.e. hold their breath while speaking, talk to the end of their breath, and then take a gasp, or take an exaggerated breath before speaking 

The combination of increased social anxiety and reduced face-to-face contact has aggravated the challenge for those with speech problems. Stammers can become more prominent when the person is stressed, feeling anxious, worried, frustrated or embarrassed - all feelings which are normal during the interview setting".

The impact of COVID-19 on people with speech difficulties

The COVID-19 virus has resulted in several changes in our behaviour to reduce the spread of infection. Some of these changes have had an impact on how we communicate. Charities and support services are reporting a rise in the number of people experiencing speech, language and communication difficulties. Wearing a facemask, lack of face-to-face conversations and increased use of instant messaging have all contributed , because for people who stammer, non-verbal communication is something that has been lost, and the opportunity for spontaneous communication is dramatically reduced. 

According to leading charity STAMMA , 2020 and 2021 have reported a significant reduction in the number of NHS services available for people who stammer. Restrictions meant that face-to-face therapies went remote, or were stopped completely, as speech and language therapists were redeployed to help tackle the pandemic.

Consider your job adverts and descriptions 

“Strong communications skills” are a hallmark of most job adverts and descriptions. But before you add that to the specifications, consider what “strong communication skills” actually mean in reference to the role. “Strong communication skills” could mean different things depending on the role

• Write well 
• Listen 
• Be empathetic and understanding
• Read body language effectively 
• Use the appropriate tone of voice 
• Read situations 
• Analyse and summarise information 
• Speak fluidly

So, in the context of the vacancy, what is the most important communication element for the role? 

Tailoring the interview preparation 

As a talent consultancy, we have an unwavering responsibility to represent everyone in our network in a fair and ethical manner. At Marks Sattin, we are committed to providing a high level of service to everyone. As part of that service, we are happy to help you prepare for your interview to ensure you get the opportunity you want. 

Furthermore, under the Equality Act 2010 , if we know or could be reasonably expected to know that a candidate has a disability, we have a responsibility to ensure reasonable adjustments can be made so they have an equal opportunity to succeed in the hiring process. This could mean extra time in interviews, face-to-face interviews instead of video or telephone, and written tasks instead of oral. 

We work with many of our clients on an exclusive basis and have excellent relationships with employers throughout the UK and Ireland. Therefore, we are in an unparalleled position to be clear with candidates about what to expect during the interview and answer generic questions about what to expect and who will be interviewing them. This small act could reduce feelings of anxiety around the situation. 

Reasonable adjustments during the interview 

Even if someone has thoroughly prepared for an interview, it is normal for their stammer to increase during an interview. It is important to focus on the words and messaging, as opposed to how they are being spoken. According to STAMMA , allowing extra time is the best place to start, as it means the candidate is less likely to be focused on trying to say everything they need in a short space of time. However, further allowances should be made if the candidate:

• Gives answers which are too short or lack depth
• Look away while trying to get words out, or pause, or even start somewhere different and scramble to try and find words they can pronounce
• Pause for some time before answering 
• Give an overly elaborate or convoluted answer 

These behaviours should not be misinterpreted as being an ineffective communicator or not knowing the answer to the question. Instead, according to STAMMA , some additional reasonable adjustments interviewers can make include: 

• Ask follow-up questions if answers are short or lack depth
• Speak more than you might usually as the interviewer to give them time to relax and formulate their answers
• Look at their oral answers and the written information from their application, giving the latter equal weighting 
• To see what a person is capable of you could invite them to provide evidence from a previous job, or set up a work trial
• Give them the opportunity to write up anything they were unable to say after the interview
• Provide written questions in advance
• Let them give written answers to questions

Having a speech impediment does not make someone an ineffective communicator".

Ultimately, just because someone stammers, it doesn’t mean they are unable to be a great addition to any team. Having a speech impediment does not make someone an ineffective communicator.  

Organisations partner with Marks Sattin not only to tap into the expertise we’ve built over the last 30 years plus, but also because of our commitment to diversity and inclusion .

It’s more difficult than ever to attract the best finance & tech talent, and that challenge is only exemplified when trying to recruit diverse talent. This is where we step in. As specialists in finance & tech recruitment, we have grown an extensive network of clients who trust us to help them build a diverse team.

To find out how we can help grow your finance and technology teams, please submit a brief and we will contact you for a chat. If you're considering the next step in your career, please get in touch with your local recruitment team . 

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How To Ace The Top Five SLP Job Interview Questions

For many educational therapists, answering job interview questions is one of the most challenging aspects of the job search process. According to Business Insider , interviewees have only seven seconds to make a memorable first impression, which can understandably increase anxiety and distress. 

As speech-language pathology (SLP) school staffing professionals, we realize that preparing for job interview questions can be nerve-racking and, to some, downright terrifying. Predicting the job interview questions that prospective employers will ask can be challenging–even for the most experienced job candidates. So, if the thought of presenting your elevator pitch makes you queasy or weak at the knees, don’t panic ! Our SLP school staffing experts are here to help. 

If you’re ready to sharpen your skills to ace your upcoming Speech-Language Pathology job interview, then keep reading! We want you to discover how to answer the top five Speech-Language Pathology job interview questions to impress your hiring manager –and ultimately, land the perfect new opportunity in pediatric therapy services .  

The Top Five Job Interview Questions for Speech-Language Pathologists: ANSWERED

As you may have discovered, no two job interviews are the same. Nevertheless, it would help if you already have rehearsed responses to these top five job interview questions when preparing for a Speech-Language Pathologist job interview.

1. Tell Me About Yourself.

Interviewers ask this standard (and often dreaded question) for three reasons. First, they’re hoping to break the ice and help you feel more relaxed. Second, they want to find out more about your professional background and previous work experiences. Lastly, they’re determining whether or not you can articulate your thoughts in a precise, reasonable, and understandable way. When answering this frequently asked question, be sure to address any of these critical points: 

• Why did you choose to enter the field of Speech-Language Pathology?
• How have your past work or practicum experiences made you the most qualified candidate for this role?
• With which population types or disorders have you previously worked?
• In which kind of work environments have you previously worked?
• Why did you apply for this particular Speech-Language Pathologist position?
• How will this role advance your career and achieve your professional goals?

While candidates can answer this seemingly open-ended question generally, prepare a focused answer tailored explicitly to the applied role. Avoid the temptation to ramble or overshare personal details, as the interviewer will not find your quirky personal habits, family anecdotes, or fifth-grade talent show performance impressive.

Instead, offer a compelling but concise explanation for why you’re passionate about the role/industry, as well as why you’re the best fit for the position. Discuss the communication disorders and populations you’ve worked with throughout your career. Emphasize the most m a rketable skills that distinguish you as an excellent job candidate, such as leadership, creativity, or critical thinking.

Here’s a definitive answer: “ I chose to enter the field of Speech-Language Pathology because of my lifelong passion for working with children and love for helping others develop important life skills. My professional background includes working in inner-city charter schools with low-income middle and high school students with dysarthria, aphasia, and fluency disorders. I applied for this role because I hope to continually develop my professional skills as a culturally responsive, service-oriented Speech-Language Pathologist to work with a vulnerable student population in an urban secondary school setting that values social justice, diversity, and inclusion.”

2. Why Did You Apply for This Position?

While it might seem counterintuitive, this question isn’t about you, so don’t focus too much on yourself. Instead, as once suggested by John F. Kennedy , “Ask not what… [can be done] for you — ask what you can do.” With this same mentality, emphasize what you can offer the company, not solely what the company can provide for you.

In a few sentences, get ready to pitch yourself to the employer and convey the value that you can provide the employer and the contributions you’ll make if hired. Realistically explain how you can benefit your colleagues, managers, and customers, and always consider what the hiring manager is seeking in a perfect candidate. 

When preparing a response, ask yourself why the company is hiring now and what the company currently needs. Your answer should demonstrate that you’ve taken the time to thoroughly research the company , identify the company’s needs, and determine how your candidacy will address these deficiencies. 

Lastly, discuss what inspired you to pursue a career in Speech-Language Pathology and why you’re interested in getting hired. If you’re particularly zealous about working with bilingual elementary students, share how your passion compelled you to apply to this specific role or school. If possible, connect your love for the field of Speech-Language Pathology to the position’s responsibilities, purpose, and work environment. 

Here’s an excellent response: “As a bilingual Speech-Language Pathologist who is passionate about working with Arabic-speaking students and their families, I seek the opportunity to work with multicultural learners in a high-needs, urban elementary Title 1 school setting. Throughout my professional work experiences as a Speech-Language Pathologist fluent in Arabic, I’ve developed a conviction to contribute my professional skills, credentials, and expertise to work with a culturally diverse student population, which is a long-established area of personal and professional interest.”

3. What Are Your Greatest Strengths?

How you respond to this popular job interview question can persuade your interviewer that you are (or aren’t) the perfect candidate for the role. So, when preparing your response, identify the most marketable and unique strengths that will distinguish you from every other candidate and demonstrate that you’re capable of meeting–and exceeding–the role’s expectations. 

Ideally, your top professional strengths should correspond directly with the employer’s hiring needs and job description. Remember to specify your relevant skills and competencies, credentials, and previous work experiences corresponding with the applied position. 

If you’re a humble person who is generally uncomfortable showing off or speaking about your achievements, try not to approach this question with too much modesty. Instead, get used to candidly discussing the attributes that distinguish you as the perfect candidate. 

Try not to come across as excessively self-confident or even arrogant, which can be a red flag to some employers. By acting too self-reliant, you may inadvertently send the message that instead of being a team player who works well with others, you’d instead work solo and stand in the spotlight–alone .

Finally, thoughtfully select two or three character traits representing your unique strengths–not those of a friend or family member. Instead of creating a laundry list of universal qualities that you can apply to essentially anyone, pinpoint which personalized attributes set you apart as a distinct (and the best) candidate for the position. 

Here’s a winning response: “My greatest strength is the fifteen years of professional experience I’ve accumulated throughout my career as a Speech-Language Pathologist. I have countless experiences teaching students from various ethnographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds at a total of six public, private, virtual, and charter schools. Throughout my career, I’ve worked with many types of students, from children who are emotionally disturbed and consistently misbehave to those who flourish academically and socially without adult supervision. While completing my graduate coursework as a doctoral student at Premier University, I’ve received a formal education to utilize culturally responsive teaching methods to create an inclusive, welcoming learning environment for all of my students. By consistently participating in annual training and development programs as a board member of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association , I’ve undergone professional training to strategically utilize creativity, unorthodox methods, and experimental practices when planning lessons and classroom activities for my students.”

4. What Are Your Most Significant Weaknesses?

Interviewees often answer this classic question by indicating a strength disguised as a weakness, such as perfectionism or overworking . However, job applicants frequently overuse these clichéd responses. By utilizing this strategy, you face the risk of sounding canned–or worse, even dishonest. 

Despite what you may have heard before, tactful and well-planned transparency about actual professional deficiencies can help, rather than hurt, your chances of dazzling the interviewer–and eventually, landing the job. 

While keeping your response positive and growth-oriented, honestly relay a few of your professional (not personal) weaknesses in a work environment. Describe a past professional situation where you have acknowledged your shortcomings and taken the necessary steps to improve, which indicates both self-awareness and the ability to take self-initiative.  

For example, suppose you lack the skills or knowledge to work with severely autistic students. In that case, you can discuss how you’ve recently enrolled in university courses or completed professional training programs for special education teachers of autistic students. After explaining and rationalizing your weaknesses, positively conclude your response by reminding the interviewer of your major strengths. 

Here’s an ideal answer: “As a self-sufficient worker, I tend to be extremely self-reliant, so when I’m working on a team and must depend on my colleagues to complete an assignment, I admittedly find it difficult to stay patient at times. Because I would like to practice cultivating patience and collaborating more effectively with my colleagues, I’ve taken the self-initiative to attend team-building training sessions and professional collaboration workshops beyond my regularly scheduled work hours. While previous employers have praised my ability to work well independently with little supervision, I also understand that it’s important to trust my colleagues to complete tasks. That’s why at work, I’ve been practicing being more collaborative and reaching out to others for assistance as needed.”

5. Do You Have Any Questions for Me?

Always answer this question in the affirmative. At this point in the interview, we understand that you may want to respond with “no” to conclude the conversation and leave a stressful situation quickly. 

However, arriving without having any job interview questions prepared for the interviewer would be a significant lapse of foresight. So, as a golden rule of interviewing, always come prepared with at least three questions for your interviewer. 

Interviewers usually ask this seemingly optional but pivotal question before the interview closes, providing the valuable chance to demonstrate that you’ve taken the initiative to research the school or organization and are eager to learn more. The intent is to present yourself as a caring professional by sincerely conveying your enthusiasm for the school or organization, the job, the students, the faculty and staff, and the learning community.

Aside from convincing your interviewer that you are the perfect candidate for the job, remember that interviews are also a way to learn about the employer and determine if you can envision yourself working at that particular organization. If not, you can more effectively spend your time and energy interviewing for other roles.

We highly suggest preparing a list of questions for the interviewer before the big day. If you’re unsure where to start, consider asking any of these interview questions recommended by our staffing experts:

• “Can you describe the culture at your school or organization?”
• “Can you describe the typical workload for Speech-Language Pathologists employed at your school or organization, and how are workloads determined?”
• “Does your school or organization emphasize individual or group work more?”
• “Can you describe the workspace provided for Speech-Language Pathologists at your school or organization?”
• “How does your school or organization evaluate Speech-Language Pathologists’ job performance?”
• “What are the top qualities that you seek in an ideal candidate for this role?”

Preparation Is the Key To Interview Success

A final word of advice to keep in mind is that it’s not about you during the hiring process. Instead, recall that it’s about the prospective employer and the company’s hiring needs. Interviewers are looking for a specific persona to fill a role, so highlight your unique strengths and show the interviewer who you are. 

Remember that the hiring decision is ultimately up to the interviewer, so accept that your qualifications and performance alone might not necessarily determine the outcome. Hopefully, acknowledging your lack of control over the decision should alleviate some pressure rather than cause despair. 

However, suppose you still find it impossible to calm your nerves. In that case, one foolproof method to overcome job interview stress is through ample preparation, so remember the adage: practice makes perfect . Repetition by practicing your responses to job interview questions can help you feel more comfortable and prepared to ace your upcoming Speech-Language Pathology job interview, so remember to practice, practice, practice !

So, you’ve spent hours researching the company, practiced your interview answers in front of the mirror, and recited your elevator pitch by heart. Now, you’re ready. Get in there, smile, and take a deep breath–it’s your time to shine.

Therapy Source: Your Premier Speech-Language Pathologist Staffing Solution

As seasoned therapy staffing experts with over twenty years of professional experience, our award-winning organization has earned an esteemed reputation as a leading provider of Speech-Language Pathologists and school-based professionals to hundreds of public, charter, and virtual schools nationwide. If you’re searching for Speech-Language Pathologist jobs, partner with us today, and you can access our two decades of professional industry experience. 

Which interview tips have you found most helpful during your job search? Please share them in the comments below!

Want to get activities and apps sent to your inbox monthly? Visit txsource.com/newsletter .

If you’re looking for a therapy or teaching job, check out our current openings: https://jobs.txsource.com .

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Interviewing Candidates with Language Barriers

I recently spent an hour interviewing a candidate that I discovered is non-native English speaker. It was a tough hour for the both of us, and it was not the first time I felt the strain of a language barrier with a candidate.

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I recently spent an hour interviewing a candidate that I discovered is non-native English speaker. It was a tough hour for the both of us, and it was not the first time I felt the strain of a language barrier with a candidate. I ran through my regular series of behavioral based interview questions and it dawned on me that my interview questions were negatively impacting his experience, and his ability to compete against the other candidates. 

I could tell that this individual was intelligent and was able to perform the work, but the very open-ended questions were crafted to receive detailed stories and they were a challenge for him. I speak a second language with moderate proficiency and imagined for a moment how I might feel trying to answer the same questions, and how I would not want my intelligence, or skills to be rated by the use of my second language in that interview.

It sparked my desire to research how to get the best out of a candidate, and I spent that evening scouring the internet for resources for the interviewer of a non-native English speaker, and it was more difficult than I think it should have been. The majority of guidance out there is for the job candidate to master their responses in English, and how the candidate should practice for an interview. I believe this is helpful and shows true initiative, but I was disappointed that the guidance is so one sided. Recruiters and HR have a direct influence on maximizing diversity and ensuring inclusion, so shouldn’t there be more tools and resources out there? How are Human Resources leaders adapting interviewing techniques to positively impact hiring for non-native speakers and their overall candidate experience? 

The most helpful resource I found was an article was from a writing website, “Conducting Interviews in International English,” by Ysabel de la Rosa. In her article, Ms. de la Rosa provides 10 basic ideas to consider when you are interviewing someone who speaks another language or is from another culture. Reading through these points, I found it interesting how I could easily put myself in the shoes of a candidate and imagine how I would want to be treated as a non-native Spanish speaker.

1. Speak consciously and correctly.

The most challenging issue I faced learning Spanish was deciphering when one word ended, and another began. As a matter of fact, I have a hard time understanding certain English dialects, because of annunciation. Make sure your words are clear and that your consonants have been used correctly.

• Slow the verbal flow.

“Speak to me more slowly,” was my first true Spanish phrase. I am a notoriously fast talker but have training to annunciate well. While interviewing a candidate I may need to slow down to a turtle’s pace, but it is worth it. 

• Be in touch with your tone.

Not all hand gestures parlay in every culture, and neither do tones. If someone seems aggressive, consider that is the natural flow of their language. If you are speaking be conscious of the way it might be perceived by your candidate.

• Gag those giggles.

I can’t recall a single interview that was not somewhat stressful, and I would have been mortified to have someone chuckle at me if I made a dialectical mistake. Be thoughtful and remain composed if your inclination is to giggle when someone says something incorrectly.

• Follow their lead.

Learn to adapt to and flow with your candidate’s vocabulary. Their proficiency will be revealed, and you can adjust to make sure you are clear without condescension.

• Give them time.

It is rare to begin thinking in the non-native language. Your candidate may need time to remember a word, or phrase, so provide them plenty of time. If the interview is running long, find a time that is convenient to continue. 

• Eliminate idiomatic expressions.

Every language has idioms that have developed in the respective culture. Be conscientious and look for ways to simplify your language when you would want to use an expression.

• Give your interviewee a dress rehearsal.

It is not common practice, but is it possible to provide the candidate questions in advance? This may help them prepare, so they can truly articulate their answer. If not, then have you made sure it is possible for them to contact you after an interview to rephrase their response?

• Do not make jokes.

I have learned that my sense of humor is not universally acceptable in my own language, so I cannot imagine how it might be a challenge for someone who doesn’t understand me completely. 

2. Express gratitude.

Humor may not be universal, but gratitude is. Remember to thank the person for their time, even if it was double what the other candidates took. They should feel like you cared to be there, and they have not been burdensome.

Other resources recommend hiring an interpreter or allowing them to bring a family member to support the conversation. Additionally, make sure any pre-employment testing is available in their language. If are looking for good cultural fit, personality assessments are a great tool and the Hogan Big Five personality assessments come in more than 40 other languages.

Remember that discriminating against an applicant, on the basis of their national origin violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. If the role requires a high level of English proficiency, then work with your team to determine how proficient they must be to perform their role, and how you will assess candidate proficiency in an equitable manner. 

Check your own bias for fun and easy conversations. I have been involved in plenty of conversations with leaders that were at their wits end with employees that, “interviewed so well.” Interviewing a non-native English speaker will be a challenge, for you and the candidate, but you may miss out on a top-quality employee if you place an undue premium on how easy it is to talk to them.

Remember that the candidate experience is important, even if you are from another culture, so find ways to adapt to your candidate and guide your managers on how to adjust as well. As HR professionals, diversity and inclusion it is a primary part of our role. I hope you find this information helpful. I know I plan on including this in all of my future interview skills workshops and hope it removes unnecessary barriers for future candidates. 

Additional Reading

“Language discrimination is a real issue: Here’s how to avoid it” – Katie Loehrke

“Conducting Interview in International English” – Ysabela de la Rosa

“How to Ace a Job Interview in a Non-Native Language” – Tania Viezhys

“Job Interview Checklist for Non-Native English Speakers” – Jennifer Scupi

“How Do You ‘Go the Whole 9 Yards?’” – Interview Edge

Author: Mary Anne Varela-Spooner

I have worked with all levels of operational leadership to build, adapt, develop and define the human resources functions for their organizations. I firmly believe that a solid human resources infrastructure provides the foundation necessary for an organizations long-term success. View all posts by Mary Anne Varela-Spooner

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Stuttering Discrimination and the Workplace

​Jahanzaib Ansari has stuttered for most of his life.

Years of speech therapy didn't prevent the awkward looks, ridicule or discrimination he constantly encountered. His impediment would often engender anxiety during job interviews as employers invariably confused his disability for insecurity.

He routinely lost out on promotions to lesser-qualified candidates who spoke more fluidly.

"In job interviews, I certainly felt discriminated against," Ansari said. "I've been denied opportunities and promotions several times [because I stutter]."

Ansari has served among presidents of countries and CEOs of the world's largest companies as an advisory member to the World Economic Forum's Global Council on Equality and Inclusion. He often shares his thoughts on unconscious bias and diversity at major international events.

"My goal is always to prove that my skills and competencies have nothing to do with the fluency of the words that are coming out of my mouth," Ansari said.

While employers often accommodate people with physical disabilities, people with speech disabilities can be overlooked in the workplace. Recognizing the difficulties that people who stutter experience, accommodating them through these obstacles and acknowledging their strengths as employees can enhance their morale and contribute to a stronger organization.

Types of Discrimination

Multiple reports assessing the relationship between stuttering and workplace outcomes have found evidence of discrimination among those with speech impediments.

For example, a 2018 study of more than 13,500 respondents revealed people who stutter made, on average, $7,000 less annually than those without speech impediments. Evidence indicated that discrimination may have contributed to this wage gap, particularly for women.

Another survey, conducted in 2019, showed that participants who stutter experienced higher rates of discrimination and lower job satisfaction than those who do not stutter.

Carl Coffey, a board member and special projects chair at the National Stuttering Association, said some employers assume stuttering is directly indicative of competency, cognitive ability and potential as an employee.

He said individuals who stutter are often misidentified as lacking confidence or being nervous. However, Coffey emphasized that many individuals who stutter are confident and possess other valuable qualities, such as a strong work ethic.

"Our speech patterns have nothing to do with how competent and exceptional we can be as employees," said Coffey, who stutters.

Stuttering and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Stuttering has become increasingly visible during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Children who stutter have reported being talked over during virtual learning. Adult job seekers have found Zoom interviews more challenging than in-person meetings because stuttering on screen can cause feelings of vulnerability.

"A person's stutter can be further exacerbated by two things: the anticipation of an awkward reaction or facial expression in response to the stutter, and their own facial movements as they try to get words out of their mouths," Ansari said.

He suggested employers leverage additional options, such as a chat feature. Deactivating video entirely can make the meeting more accommodating and allow these individuals to choose a medium that works best for them.

Employers can also encourage the use of meeting features such as "raising a hand" to signal they have something to say without having to interject. This also ensures the focus of the meeting is on one specific person and that they have the time and space to speak and be heard fully.

People who stutter can request accommodations from their employer without disclosing their disability, according to the Job Accommodation Network (JAN) . While companies are only required to provide accommodations for employees who experience workplace issues caused by their disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act, they should still go to HR to discuss their options.

Accommodations aren't always needed for individuals who stutter, according to JAN. But Coffey implored companies to show courtesy and respect to people who stutter regardless.

For example, a behavior that many people who stutter find rude is when colleagues try to finish their sentences for them. Listeners erroneously believe that finishing their sentence is helpful and prevents an awkward situation. However, this does not allow people who stutter to properly express themselves.

Learning more about stuttering and understanding that the impediment does not define a person can be key steps in supporting these individuals.

As Coffey said, "If HR professionals and CEOs understand that our stuttering is largely out of our control and has no bearing on how we are feeling or on our ability to do our jobs well, [people who stutter] will feel supported and included in the workplace."

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17 Speech Language Pathologist Assistant Interview Questions and Answers

Learn what skills and qualities interviewers are looking for from a speech language pathologist assistant, what questions you can expect, and how you should go about answering them.

Speech language pathologists (SLPs) work with patients who have trouble speaking, understanding, reading, or writing. As an SLP assistant, you will provide support to the SLP in these areas. You may be asked to lead small groups of patients in speech therapy exercises, help patients one-on-one with reading or writing assignments, or provide support to the SLP in other ways.

Before you can start working with patients, you will need to interview for the job. During the interview, the SLP will ask you questions to get to know you and your qualifications. They may also ask you questions about your experience working with patients, your availability, and your availability to work weekends or evenings.

To help you prepare for your interview, we have compiled a list of common SLP assistant interview questions and answers.

Are you familiar with the latest research and best practices in speech-language pathology?

What are the most common speech and language disorders you have encountered in your previous work as a speech language pathologist assistant, how would you assess a child who is non-verbal and their parent who is frustrated about the lack of progress, what is your process for creating an individualized treatment plan for a patient, provide an example of a time when you had to help a patient and their family cope with a diagnosis., if a patient was resistant to your suggestions, how would you handle this, what would you do if you noticed a co-worker or supervisor violating a patient’s confidentiality, how well do you work under pressure, do you have experience working with patients of all ages, when performing a treatment, how do you maintain the patient’s attention, we want to improve our compliance with hipaa standards. how would you approach this as an employee, describe your experience with using speech software and other digital tools., what makes you an ideal candidate for this speech language pathologist assistant position, which speech-language pathology techniques do you have the most experience with, what do you think is the most important aspect of your job as a speech language pathologist assistant, how often do you perform assessments on patients, there is a new treatment for a disease that affects many of your patients. how do you approach this situation.

This question can help interviewers determine your knowledge of the field and how you apply it to your work. Use examples from your experience or education to show that you are familiar with current research and best practices in speech-language pathology.

Example: “I am very familiar with the latest research and best practices in speech-language pathology because I have been following them for years. In my previous role, I worked as a speech language pathologist assistant at an elementary school where we used evidence-based practice to develop our students’ communication skills. We also implemented the most recent research on early childhood development into our daily routines.”

This question can help the interviewer gain insight into your experience and knowledge of working with children who have speech and language disorders. Your answer should include a list of common disorders you’ve encountered in your previous work, along with examples of how you helped treat these disorders.

Example: “In my previous role as a speech language pathologist assistant, I worked primarily with children who had apraxia of speech, which is when a child has difficulty producing speech sounds or putting words together to form sentences. In this role, I assisted the speech language pathologist by helping the child practice their speech exercises and providing them with positive reinforcement for their progress.”

This question can help interviewers assess your ability to work with families and children who are experiencing challenging situations. Use examples from your experience that show you can empathize with parents and children, as well as provide them with the support they need.

Example: “When working with a non-verbal child and their parent, I would first make sure to explain all of my assessments thoroughly so the parent understands what we’re looking for and how it relates to the child’s progress. Then, I would ask the parent questions about the child’s behavior at home and in public places to get an idea of where the child is making progress and where there may be room for improvement.”

The interviewer may ask you this question to understand how you use your skills and knowledge to create a treatment plan for patients. Use examples from previous experience to explain the steps you take when creating individualized plans, including how you gather information about each patient’s needs and goals.

Example: “I start by reviewing all of the information I have on the patient, including their medical history, current diagnosis and any other relevant details. Then, I meet with the speech language pathologist to discuss the patient’s progress so far and what they hope to achieve through therapy. Together, we decide on the best course of action for the patient based on their unique needs.”

This question can help the interviewer understand how you interact with patients and their families. It can also show them your communication skills, empathy and ability to work as part of a team. When answering this question, it can be helpful to mention a specific example from your previous experience that shows these skills.

Example: “When I was working in my last role, I had a patient who was diagnosed with autism at age three. The family was very upset by the diagnosis, but they were grateful for my support. I helped them learn more about autism so they could better understand what their child would need. Then, we worked together on a treatment plan that included speech therapy.”

This question can help interviewers understand how you handle challenging situations. It is important to show that you are willing to take the time to work with patients and their families to ensure they receive the best care possible.

Example: “I would first try to determine why the patient was resistant to my suggestions. I would then explain my reasoning for suggesting a certain treatment or therapy, and if it still didn’t seem like they were on board, I would ask them what they thought would be best. If they had an idea that seemed beneficial, I would do some research into it and see if there was any evidence supporting it. If not, I would tell them we could try it but that I couldn’t promise results.”

Confidentiality is a major concern for healthcare facilities, and employers want to ensure that you understand the importance of keeping patient information private. In your answer, explain how you would handle this situation in a way that protects the confidentiality of patients while also ensuring that you do not get your co-worker or supervisor into trouble.

Example: “I would first make sure I had proof that they violated confidentiality. If so, I would speak with them privately about it and ask if there was any way I could help them avoid violating confidentiality in the future. If they continue to violate confidentiality, I would report it to my manager immediately.”

This question can help interviewers assess your ability to work in a fast-paced environment. When answering, it can be helpful to mention how you manage stress and prioritize tasks when working under pressure.

Example: “I find that I do my best work when I have time to prepare for projects or assignments. However, I am also able to adapt to changing circumstances and unexpected situations. In my previous role as an SLP assistant, I was responsible for organizing the speech therapist’s materials before each session. One day, however, the speech therapist had to leave unexpectedly due to illness. I took over her responsibilities for the rest of the day, including leading the therapy session.”

This question can help interviewers understand your experience level and how you feel about working with patients of all ages. If you have worked with a variety of age groups, discuss the differences in your approach to each group. If you haven’t had much experience working with different age groups, explain what you would do differently if you were given a patient who is older or younger than those you’ve worked with before.

Example: “I have worked with children of all ages, but I also have some experience working with adults. In my previous role, I assisted speech language pathologists with their adult patients. I learned that it’s important to be aware of any changes in communication style as people get older. For example, when working with an adult, I make sure to speak clearly and slowly so they can understand me.”

The interviewer may ask this question to assess your ability to work with children and adolescents. Your answer should demonstrate that you can use your communication skills to engage patients in treatment sessions.

Example: “I find that the best way to maintain a patient’s attention is by using my voice effectively. I speak clearly, at an appropriate volume and pace so that they can understand me. If I am performing a speech therapy session, I also make sure to include fun activities or games that will keep them engaged. For example, if I am working on articulation, I might have them repeat words while bouncing a ball. This helps them practice their pronunciation while having fun.”

HIPAA stands for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which is a set of federal regulations that protect patient privacy. The interviewer may ask you this question to assess your knowledge of HIPAA standards and how you would approach ensuring compliance within their organization. In your answer, try to demonstrate your understanding of the importance of these regulations and your ability to follow them.

Example: “I understand the importance of maintaining confidentiality when working with patients’ medical records. I would first make sure all employees were aware of the company’s policies regarding HIPAA compliance. Then, I would ensure that we had adequate security measures in place to prevent unauthorized access to patient information.”

Speech language pathologists often use speech software and other digital tools to help their clients improve their communication skills. The interviewer may ask this question to learn more about your experience using these types of tools. Use your answer to explain which software you’ve used in the past and how it helped your clients.

Example: “I have worked with several different speech software programs during my career as a speech language pathology assistant. I find that each program has its own unique features, so I try to use a variety of them to see what works best for each client. For example, one client had trouble pronouncing certain sounds, so we used a speech software program that allowed us to target those specific sounds. This helped him practice until he was able to pronounce all of the sounds correctly.”

Employers ask this question to learn more about your qualifications and how you can contribute to their team. Before your interview, make a list of reasons why you are the best candidate for this role. Consider highlighting any relevant experience or skills that match what they’re looking for in an assistant.

Example: “I am passionate about working with children who have speech disorders. I feel like my communication skills and patience would be beneficial when working with kids. I also think my organizational skills will help me keep track of important information and documents. My attention to detail is another skill that I believe will benefit this position.”

This question can help the interviewer determine your level of experience and expertise. It can also show them which techniques you enjoy using most. When answering this question, it can be helpful to mention a few specific techniques that you have used in previous roles.

Example: “I’ve had the most experience with articulation therapy, augmentative communication and sensory integration therapy. I find these three techniques to be very effective when working with children who are learning how to speak or communicate effectively. In my last role, I worked primarily with children on their speech development. I found that by implementing these three techniques, I was able to help many children develop their language skills.”

This question can help the interviewer determine how much you know about your role as an SLPA. Your answer should show that you understand what is expected of you in this position and that you are committed to doing those things well.

Example: “I think the most important aspect of my job as a speech language pathologist assistant is helping clients communicate with others. I am passionate about working with children who have speech impediments, so I enjoy being able to use my skills to help them overcome these challenges. I also find it rewarding to work with adults who want to improve their communication skills.”

The interviewer may ask this question to learn more about your experience with assessments. Assessments are a common part of speech language pathology, and the interviewer wants to know how comfortable you are performing them on patients. In your answer, explain that you have performed assessments in the past and describe what types of assessments you’ve completed.

Example: “In my previous role as an SLP assistant, I assisted the primary therapist with assessments regularly. We used several different assessment tools depending on the patient’s age group and needs. For example, we used the Preschool Language Scale-5 for younger patients and the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language for older patients.”

This question can help an interviewer understand how you might approach a new treatment or therapy that could affect your patients. It can also show them how you would communicate with the speech language pathologist about any changes to their current methods. In your answer, try to explain how you would research the new treatment and discuss it with your supervisor.

Example: “If I were working in a school setting, I would first do some research on the disease and the new treatment. Then, I would speak with my supervisor about the new treatment and see if they had any thoughts on implementing it. If not, I would suggest we start using the new treatment as soon as possible so our students are receiving the best care.”

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This CEO’s speech impediment led him to rethink virtual recruiting

revamp their recruiting processes and continue to rebuild an ever-changing workforce, how can they be sure they’re allowing all candidates to be their genuine selves?

a job interview , a challenge Ansari has faced throughout his career.

But the perceptions — and misconceptions — around this disability are often more damaging than the speech impediment itself, Ansari says.

“There's the sense that an interviewer doesn't feel like this person is confident in their abilities to deliver on something. They feel that this person is not smart because they can't have a regular conversation,” he says. “But their skills and competencies have nothing to do with the fluency of the words that are coming out of their mouth.”

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Ansari says he has worked for many years to overcome a blockage speech impediment, where the voice box doesn’t pick up the brain’s signal to talk, leading to long pauses or repetition. Despite now having the tools to overcome his stutter, he is still dogged by the occasional verbal challenge.

“Obviously I might sound fine right now, but that's because of years and years of speech therapy,” he says. “But when I would go to job interviews early on, I felt like I was being judged unfairly because of the way that I speak.”

While 75% of children who stutter recover, 25% will continue to have this communication disorder throughout their life, according to NIDCD. Later in life, these individuals are more likely to be rejected immediately from a job interview, or to be placed in positions they’re overqualified for, according to research from the Stuttering Foundation.

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Knockri , is hoping to bridge this communication gap and provide an interview experience that doesn’t discriminate.

artificial intelligence to conduct employee assessments and interviews, and then gives employers the scores based on the transcript, without providing any other identifying information like gender, race, age or disability status, among other descriptors.

“Our whole goal here is to share that bias exists in the hiring process and deliver a solution that will move the needle. It’s solely founded on a lot of the biases I personally faced,” Ansari says. “We’re giving a score to the employer based on the interview transcript and objectively analyzing the interview using AI technology and industrial and organizational psychology.”

Is everyone at your company getting a fair shot? Here’s what it means to democratize talent  

While Knockri’s technology is not created specifically for those with speech impediments like stuttering, the platform helps employers “level the playing field” when it comes to recruiting, Ansari says. This is an important benchmark to strive for as employers seek to meet diversity and inclusion goals in their hiring practices.

“We want to level the playing field, but without tokenism,” he says. “Our goal is not to fill diversity quotas, but to make sure that every person has a fair and equal shot.”

Ansari says that while his speech impediment has been a challenge throughout his life, it doesn’t define his worth as a person, or as an employee. Like any individual, how they appear on the outside is not the only reflection of the value they can bring to an organization.

“We should be looking at extending the spectrum of DEI and talking about how we can accommodate this specifically in the candidate selection, where a lot of people feel that they get left out unfairly,” Ansari says. “The way that I speak has no correlation to how well I can perform at a particular job role.”

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30 Speech Therapist Interview Questions and Answers

Common Speech Therapist interview questions, how to answer them, and example answers from a certified career coach.

Embarking on a career as a speech therapist is incredibly rewarding, as you have the opportunity to make a profound impact on the lives of those struggling with communication challenges. As you prepare for your upcoming interview, it’s essential to not only demonstrate your expertise in language and speech development but also showcase your empathy and dedication towards helping individuals overcome their difficulties.

To help you put your best foot forward during the interview process, we’ve compiled a list of common speech therapist interview questions along with guidance on how to answer them effectively. Armed with this knowledge, you’ll be well-prepared to articulate your passion and skillset for this life-changing profession.

1. What inspired you to become a speech therapist?

The interviewer wants to gain insight into your motivation and passion for the field of speech therapy. Your answer will help them understand if you truly care about helping people with communication challenges or if you simply see it as just another job. Sharing your personal story or experiences that led you to this career choice can demonstrate your genuine enthusiasm and commitment to making a difference in people’s lives.

Example: “My inspiration to become a speech therapist came from my personal experience growing up with a younger sibling who had a speech disorder. I witnessed firsthand the challenges and frustrations they faced in their daily life, as well as the impact it had on our family. This sparked my interest in understanding communication disorders and how to help individuals overcome them.

As I pursued my education in speech therapy, I was further inspired by the incredible progress that clients can make through targeted interventions and the dedication of professionals in this field. The opportunity to empower people to communicate effectively and improve their quality of life has been a driving force behind my passion for becoming a speech therapist.”

2. Can you discuss your experience working with various age groups, such as children, adults, and the elderly?

Diving into your experiences with different age groups helps the interviewer understand your versatility as a speech therapist. Every age group presents unique challenges and requires tailored approaches to therapy. Demonstrating your ability to adapt your techniques and communication style to meet the needs of diverse clients showcases your skillset and commitment to providing effective, individualized care.

Example: “Throughout my career as a speech therapist, I have had the opportunity to work with clients across various age groups. While working at a pediatric clinic, I primarily focused on children aged 3-12 years old who faced challenges such as articulation disorders, language delays, and stuttering. My approach involved using play-based therapy techniques and collaborating closely with parents and teachers to ensure consistency in addressing each child’s needs.

On the other hand, during my time at a rehabilitation center, I worked with adults and elderly patients recovering from strokes or dealing with degenerative neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease. In these cases, my focus was on helping them regain their communication skills through tailored exercises and strategies that targeted their specific impairments. This often required close coordination with other healthcare professionals, such as occupational therapists and neurologists, to provide comprehensive care for our patients.

Each age group presents unique challenges and requires different approaches, but the core principles of empathy, patience, and evidence-based practice remain consistent. Adapting my methods to suit the individual needs of each client has been essential in providing effective speech therapy services across all age groups.”

3. How do you stay up-to-date on the latest research and advancements in speech therapy?

Keeping current with the latest research and advancements in speech therapy is essential to providing the most effective and evidence-based treatment plans for clients. Interviewers ask this question to gauge your commitment to professional development and your ability to adapt to new findings, techniques, and technologies that can improve your clients’ outcomes and enhance your practice.

Example: “Staying up-to-date on the latest research and advancements in speech therapy is essential for providing effective treatment to my clients. One way I achieve this is by regularly reading reputable journals, such as the American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and the International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. These publications provide valuable insights into new techniques, methodologies, and evidence-based practices.

Another approach I take is attending conferences and workshops within the field. This not only allows me to learn from leading experts but also offers opportunities for networking with fellow professionals and sharing experiences. Additionally, I am an active member of professional organizations like ASHA (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association), which provides access to resources, webinars, and continuing education courses that help me stay informed about the latest developments in speech therapy.”

4. Describe your approach to creating individualized treatment plans for clients.

Assessing your ability to create tailored treatment plans is essential because every client you work with as a speech therapist will have unique needs, abilities, and goals. Interviewers want to ensure that you can effectively assess clients, identify their specific challenges, and develop a personalized plan that addresses their individual requirements, ultimately leading to better therapeutic outcomes.

Example: “When creating individualized treatment plans, my first step is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the client’s communication abilities and needs. This involves gathering information from various sources such as medical records, interviews with family members or caregivers, and standardized assessments tailored to the client’s age and specific challenges.

Based on the assessment results, I identify the client’s strengths and areas that require improvement. I then set realistic, measurable goals in collaboration with the client and their support network. These goals are prioritized based on the client’s immediate needs and long-term objectives, ensuring that the treatment plan addresses both functional communication skills and overall quality of life.

Throughout the therapy process, I continuously monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed. This may involve modifying goals, introducing new strategies, or altering the frequency and duration of sessions. Regular communication with the client and their support network ensures that everyone remains informed and engaged in the therapeutic process, ultimately leading to more successful outcomes.”

5. What methods do you use to assess a client’s speech and language abilities?

Evaluating a client’s speech and language abilities is a critical aspect of a speech therapist’s role. By asking this question, interviewers want to gauge your familiarity with various assessment techniques, your ability to select appropriate methods for individual clients, and how you use the gathered information to develop a tailored intervention plan. Your answer will help them understand your clinical expertise and your commitment to providing the best care possible for your clients.

Example: “To assess a client’s speech and language abilities, I typically begin with a comprehensive case history, which includes gathering information from the client or their caregivers about developmental milestones, medical history, and any previous interventions. This helps me understand the context of the client’s communication challenges.

Once I have a clear background, I use a combination of standardized assessments and informal observations to evaluate the client’s speech and language skills. Standardized assessments provide objective data on specific areas such as articulation, receptive and expressive language, fluency, and voice quality. Informal observations involve engaging the client in conversation or play-based activities to analyze their communication patterns in more natural settings.

This multi-faceted approach allows me to gain a holistic understanding of the client’s strengths and weaknesses, enabling me to develop an individualized treatment plan tailored to their unique needs and goals.”

6. How do you handle clients who are resistant or uncooperative during therapy sessions?

Navigating challenging client behavior is a key part of being a speech therapist. Interviewers ask this question to understand your ability to remain patient, compassionate, and adaptable when faced with resistance or uncooperative clients. They want to know if you have strategies and techniques to engage clients while maintaining a supportive and professional environment that fosters progress in their speech and communication goals.

Example: “When working with resistant or uncooperative clients, I first try to understand the underlying reasons for their behavior. It could be due to frustration, lack of motivation, or even fear of failure. Once I have a better understanding of their concerns, I tailor my approach to address those specific issues.

For instance, if a client is frustrated because they’re not seeing progress as quickly as they’d like, I would focus on setting smaller, achievable goals and celebrate each milestone along the way. This helps boost their confidence and motivation to continue therapy. Additionally, I make sure to maintain open communication with the client and their family members, discussing any challenges and adjusting the therapy plan as needed. Building trust and rapport with the client is essential in overcoming resistance and fostering a positive therapeutic environment.”

7. Can you provide an example of a particularly challenging case you’ve worked on and how you addressed it?

Success as a speech therapist often involves embracing challenges and thinking creatively to help clients overcome communication barriers. By asking about a particularly challenging case, interviewers want to gauge your problem-solving skills, adaptability, and ability to tailor treatment plans to individual needs. Sharing your experience with a tough case demonstrates your commitment to helping clients succeed and your ability to handle complex situations.

Example: “One of the most challenging cases I’ve worked on involved a young child with apraxia of speech, which made it difficult for them to coordinate their oral muscles and produce clear speech. The child was becoming increasingly frustrated due to communication difficulties, which in turn affected their self-esteem and willingness to participate in therapy sessions.

To address this challenge, I first established rapport with the child by engaging in activities they enjoyed and incorporating their interests into our sessions. This helped create a positive environment where the child felt comfortable and motivated to practice their speech skills. Next, I implemented a multi-sensory approach that combined visual, auditory, and tactile cues to support the development of motor planning and coordination. For example, we used mirrors for visual feedback, slowed down speech sounds for auditory input, and practiced touch cues to guide the child’s articulators.

Over time, the child began to show significant progress in their speech production and became more confident in their ability to communicate. While it was a challenging case, seeing the improvement in the child’s speech and overall well-being made it incredibly rewarding.”

8. What strategies do you employ when working with non-verbal clients?

This question is important because it demonstrates your ability to be adaptable and creative in your approach when working with clients who have unique communication challenges. As a speech therapist, it’s essential to have a diverse toolkit of techniques and strategies to address the varying needs of your clients and ensure their progress in developing communication skills.

Example: “When working with non-verbal clients, I employ a variety of strategies to facilitate communication and support their individual needs. One approach I often use is augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, which can include low-tech options like picture exchange communication system (PECS) or high-tech devices such as speech-generating devices. These tools help clients express themselves more effectively and participate in social interactions.

Another strategy involves incorporating sensory-based activities into therapy sessions, as they can stimulate the client’s senses and encourage engagement. For example, using play-dough or textured materials can promote tactile exploration while also targeting fine motor skills and language development. Additionally, I collaborate closely with family members and other professionals involved in the client’s care to ensure consistency across all settings and maximize progress towards communication goals.”

9. Have you ever worked with clients who have had a stroke? If so, what was your approach to their therapy?

By asking this question, interviewers want to gauge your experience and expertise in working with a specific population of clients. Stroke victims often face unique challenges, such as aphasia or dysarthria, and require specialized therapeutic approaches. Your answer should demonstrate not only your knowledge of the challenges these clients face but also your ability to tailor your therapy techniques to meet their individual needs and facilitate their progress.

Example: “Yes, I have worked with clients who have experienced a stroke. When approaching their therapy, my first step is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the individual’s communication and swallowing abilities. This helps me identify the specific areas affected by the stroke, such as speech production, language comprehension, or cognitive-linguistic skills.

Once I have a clear understanding of the client’s needs, I develop a personalized treatment plan that targets their specific challenges. For example, if a client has difficulty with speech production, I may incorporate exercises focusing on articulation, breath control, and phonation. If language comprehension is an issue, we might work on strategies for improving auditory processing and receptive language skills.

Throughout the therapy process, I closely monitor the client’s progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed. Additionally, I collaborate with other healthcare professionals involved in the client’s care, such as neurologists and occupational therapists, to ensure a holistic approach to rehabilitation. Finally, I provide support and education to the client’s family members, helping them understand the nature of the communication difficulties and offering guidance on how they can assist in the recovery process.”

10. How do you address cultural and linguistic differences when working with diverse populations?

Understanding and acknowledging cultural and linguistic differences is essential for speech therapists, as it directly impacts the effectiveness of their treatment. By asking this question, interviewers aim to gauge your sensitivity, adaptability, and competence in working with diverse populations. They want to ensure that you can provide services tailored to each individual’s unique needs while respecting their cultural backgrounds and communication styles.

Example: “When working with diverse populations, it’s essential to be sensitive and respectful of cultural and linguistic differences. To address these differences effectively, I first educate myself about the client’s cultural background and language, which helps me understand their unique needs and communication styles.

I also collaborate with interpreters or bilingual staff members when necessary to ensure clear communication between the client and myself. This not only facilitates accurate assessments but also fosters trust and rapport with clients. Additionally, I adapt my therapy materials and techniques to be culturally relevant and appropriate for each individual, taking into account their customs, beliefs, and values. This personalized approach ensures that the therapy is effective and meaningful for the client while respecting their cultural identity.”

11. What is your experience with augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices?

Exploring your experience with AAC devices is essential because these tools play a significant role in the lives of many individuals with speech and language impairments. As a speech therapist, you are expected to be familiar with various AAC devices and techniques, as well as how to implement them effectively to support your clients’ communication needs. Your ability to adapt to and utilize these tools demonstrates your versatility and commitment to providing the best possible care to your clients.

Example: “During my time as a speech therapist, I have had the opportunity to work with several clients who required augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. My experience includes working with both low-tech and high-tech AAC systems.

For instance, I’ve used picture exchange communication systems (PECS) and visual scene displays for individuals with limited verbal abilities. These low-tech solutions allowed them to express their needs and preferences effectively. On the other hand, I’ve also worked with high-tech devices such as speech-generating devices (SGDs) and tablet-based applications that provide text-to-speech or symbol-based communication options.

Throughout these experiences, I’ve learned the importance of tailoring the choice of AAC device to each client’s unique needs and abilities. This involves assessing their cognitive, motor, and linguistic skills, as well as considering factors like portability and ease of use. Ultimately, my goal is to empower my clients by providing them with the most suitable communication tools, enabling them to participate more fully in their daily lives.”

12. How do you involve family members and caregivers in the therapy process?

Involving family members and caregivers in the therapy process is essential for a speech therapist. This is because they play a significant role in supporting the client’s progress outside of therapy sessions. Interviewers ask this question to assess your understanding of the importance of family involvement and your ability to collaborate with them effectively. They want to know if you have strategies for engaging family members, providing education, and incorporating them into the therapeutic process for the best possible outcomes.

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13. Can you discuss any specialized training or certifications you hold related to speech therapy?

As a speech therapist, your expertise and specialized knowledge are critical to the success of your patients. By asking about your specialized training and certifications, interviewers want to gauge your commitment to continuous learning and staying up-to-date with the latest practices in your field. Additionally, this question allows you to showcase your unique qualifications and demonstrate how they can benefit the organization and the patients you serve.

Example: “Certainly, in addition to my master’s degree in speech-language pathology, I have pursued specialized training and certifications to enhance my skills as a speech therapist. One of the most notable certifications I hold is the Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). This certification demonstrates my commitment to maintaining high professional standards and staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in the field.

Furthermore, I have completed additional training in the Lidcombe Program, which focuses on early stuttering intervention for young children. This program has equipped me with evidence-based techniques to help children overcome stuttering effectively and improve their overall communication abilities. My experience with this program has allowed me to make a significant impact on the lives of many young clients and their families by addressing stuttering issues at an early stage.”

14. What techniques do you use to help clients improve their fluency and articulation?

Your approach to therapy is vital in determining your effectiveness as a speech therapist. Interviewers ask this question to gauge your knowledge of evidence-based techniques and your ability to tailor your methods to the needs of individual clients. By understanding your approach, they can assess whether you are a good fit for their organization and ensure that you will be able to provide the best possible care for clients with speech and language difficulties.

Example: “To help clients improve their fluency and articulation, I employ a combination of evidence-based techniques tailored to each individual’s needs. For fluency, one technique I often use is the Fluency Shaping approach, which focuses on modifying speech patterns by teaching clients to control their breathing, speak at a slower rate, and gradually increase their speaking speed while maintaining smooth speech.

For articulation issues, I utilize the traditional articulation therapy approach, which involves breaking down target sounds into smaller components and practicing them in isolation before integrating them into syllables, words, phrases, and eventually conversation. This method allows clients to gain mastery over specific sounds and build confidence as they progress through increasingly complex speech tasks.

Throughout the therapy process, I closely monitor my clients’ progress and adjust my strategies accordingly, ensuring that they receive personalized support and guidance to achieve their communication goals effectively.”

15. How do you measure progress and determine when a client has met their therapy goals?

Tracking progress and setting clear goals are essential components of successful therapy. Interviewers want to know that you have a structured approach to evaluating your clients’ progress and can recognize when their objectives have been achieved. This question helps them assess your ability to create personalized plans, adapt your strategies as needed, and ultimately provide effective treatment for your clients.

Example: “As a speech therapist, I measure progress by setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for each client at the beginning of therapy. These goals are tailored to their individual needs and abilities, taking into account baseline assessments and any input from family members or other professionals involved in their care.

To track progress, I use both qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative measures include standardized tests and scoring systems that allow me to objectively evaluate improvements in speech, language, or swallowing skills over time. Qualitative measures involve observing changes in clients’ communication abilities during therapy sessions and gathering feedback from clients, families, and other team members.

When a client has consistently demonstrated improvement and met their SMART goals, we collaboratively determine if they have reached an optimal level of functioning or if additional goals should be set. This decision is based on factors such as functional independence, quality of life, and the potential for further progress. Ultimately, the goal is to empower clients to communicate effectively and participate fully in their daily lives.”

16. Have you ever encountered ethical dilemmas in your practice? If so, how did you handle them?

Ethics are essential in every profession, but especially in one as sensitive as speech therapy. The interviewers want to know how you navigate challenging situations that require a strong moral compass and adherence to professional standards. They’re interested in your ability to make sound decisions that prioritize the well-being of your clients while maintaining professional boundaries and confidentiality.

Example: “Yes, I have encountered ethical dilemmas in my practice as a speech therapist. One situation that stands out involved a disagreement between the parents of a child client and their school regarding the appropriate intervention plan for the child’s speech difficulties. The parents wanted to focus on more intensive therapy sessions, while the school believed that the child would benefit from additional support within the classroom setting.

To handle this dilemma, I first ensured that I had a thorough understanding of the child’s needs by reviewing all relevant assessments and progress reports. Then, I facilitated a meeting with both parties to discuss the different perspectives and find common ground. During the discussion, I emphasized the importance of collaboration and shared decision-making in creating an effective intervention plan tailored to the child’s unique needs. Ultimately, we were able to reach a consensus that incorporated elements from both approaches, which led to improved outcomes for the child. This experience reinforced the importance of open communication and professional integrity when navigating ethical challenges in our field.”

17. What role does collaboration play in your work as a speech therapist?

Collaboration is a key component in the work of a speech therapist, as it often involves working with other professionals, educators, and family members to create a comprehensive and effective treatment plan for each client. Interviewers want to know that you value teamwork, can communicate effectively, and are open to input from others, as this can greatly impact the success of your clients and the overall quality of the services you provide.

Example: “Collaboration plays a significant role in my work as a speech therapist, as it helps ensure the best possible outcomes for clients. One key aspect of collaboration is working closely with other professionals involved in the client’s care, such as teachers, occupational therapists, and psychologists. This interdisciplinary approach allows us to share insights, develop comprehensive treatment plans, and monitor progress from different perspectives.

Another important aspect of collaboration is partnering with the client’s family members or caregivers. They play a critical role in supporting the client’s therapy goals outside of our sessions. I make sure to involve them in the process by providing education on strategies they can use at home, discussing progress updates, and addressing any concerns they may have. This collaborative approach not only enhances the effectiveness of the therapy but also fosters a supportive environment for the client’s growth and development.”

18. How do you manage your caseload and prioritize clients’ needs?

As a speech therapist, you’ll be working with a variety of clients, each presenting unique challenges, goals, and progress levels. This question helps interviewers understand your ability to manage your time, stay organized, and prioritize clients’ needs effectively. It also reveals your decision-making skills, adaptability, and how well you can balance the individual requirements of clients while maintaining professional boundaries and ethical standards.

Example: “Managing my caseload effectively is essential to ensure that each client receives the attention and care they need. To prioritize clients’ needs, I first assess the severity of their speech or language issues and consider any external factors such as upcoming evaluations or transitions in their educational setting. Clients with more urgent needs are given higher priority when scheduling appointments.

To stay organized and on track, I maintain a detailed calendar and case management system where I document each client’s progress, goals, and session notes. This allows me to monitor their development closely and adjust treatment plans accordingly. Additionally, I regularly communicate with other professionals involved in the clients’ care, such as teachers and psychologists, to ensure a collaborative approach and address any emerging concerns promptly. This systematic approach helps me manage my caseload efficiently while ensuring that each client’s unique needs are met.”

19. What experience do you have working with clients who have autism spectrum disorder?

The interviewer wants to gauge your ability to work with a diverse range of clients, as well as your empathy and adaptability when it comes to helping those with unique needs. Autism spectrum disorder is prevalent, and as a speech therapist, it’s essential to have experience or be prepared to work with clients who have this diagnosis. Your response will demonstrate your expertise, commitment to inclusivity, and your understanding of the specific requirements when working with individuals on the autism spectrum.

Example: “During my time as a speech therapist, I have had the opportunity to work with several clients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across various age groups. One notable experience was when I worked at a pediatric clinic where approximately 40% of my caseload consisted of children with ASD. My responsibilities included conducting assessments, developing individualized treatment plans, and implementing evidence-based interventions tailored to each child’s unique needs.

I collaborated closely with parents, teachers, and other professionals involved in the care of these clients to ensure consistency and effectiveness in our approaches. This interdisciplinary teamwork allowed us to address not only communication challenges but also social skills development, sensory integration, and behavioral management. Through this experience, I gained valuable insights into the diverse needs of individuals with ASD and honed my ability to adapt therapy techniques to maximize their progress and success.”

20. Can you describe your approach to helping clients with voice disorders?

Speech therapists are often called upon to help clients with voice disorders, which may involve a wide range of issues such as pitch, volume, or quality. Interviewers want to know that you have a well-rounded approach to addressing these concerns, incorporating evidence-based techniques, and tailoring your methods to each client’s individual needs. Showcasing your ability to adapt to different clients and develop personalized treatment plans will demonstrate your competence and dedication to helping clients achieve their goals.

Example: “When working with clients who have voice disorders, my approach is to first conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify the root cause of their issue. This involves evaluating their vocal quality, pitch, volume, and resonance, as well as gathering information about their medical history, lifestyle factors, and any potential contributing factors.

Once I have a clear understanding of the client’s specific needs, I develop a tailored treatment plan that addresses their individual challenges. This may include exercises to improve breath control, vocal hygiene strategies, relaxation techniques, or targeted voice therapy methods such as Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) for individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Throughout the therapy process, I closely monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed to ensure optimal results.

Collaboration is also an essential aspect of my approach. I work closely with other healthcare professionals involved in the client’s care, such as ENT specialists or neurologists, to ensure a holistic and coordinated intervention. Additionally, I involve family members and caregivers in the therapy process when appropriate, providing them with guidance on how to support the client’s progress at home.”

21. How do you adapt your therapy techniques for clients with hearing impairments?

Adapting your therapy techniques is essential for addressing the unique needs and challenges of clients with hearing impairments. Interviewers ask this question to gauge your versatility, creativity, and understanding of the specific requirements that come with working with clients who have hearing loss. They want to ensure you have the knowledge and experience to provide effective, individualized therapy that meets the needs of each client, regardless of their hearing abilities.

Example: “When working with clients who have hearing impairments, I adapt my therapy techniques by incorporating more visual and tactile cues to support their communication development. For example, I use visual aids such as flashcards, charts, or illustrations to help them understand new concepts and vocabulary. Additionally, I may employ cued speech or sign language depending on the client’s needs and preferences.

Another important aspect is focusing on developing strong lip-reading skills for these clients. To achieve this, I ensure that I maintain clear articulation and appropriate pacing during our sessions while encouraging them to observe my mouth movements closely. Furthermore, I incorporate activities that emphasize listening and identifying environmental sounds, which can help improve auditory awareness and discrimination skills. Ultimately, it’s essential to tailor each therapy session to the individual’s unique needs and abilities, ensuring they receive the most effective support possible.”

22. What is your experience with dysphagia assessment and intervention?

Dysphagia is a common and critical issue that speech therapists often encounter. By asking about your experience with dysphagia assessment and intervention, interviewers aim to gauge your knowledge, skills, and practical experience in handling this condition. The ability to effectively assess and manage dysphagia can have a significant impact on a client’s quality of life, making it an essential skill for any speech therapist.

Example: “During my time as a speech therapist, I have had the opportunity to work with numerous clients experiencing dysphagia. My experience includes conducting comprehensive assessments to identify the severity and underlying causes of their swallowing difficulties. This typically involves taking a detailed case history, performing a clinical bedside evaluation, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals for further diagnostic tests such as videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluations of swallowing (FEES).

Once the assessment is complete, I develop individualized intervention plans tailored to each client’s specific needs. These interventions may include compensatory strategies, such as modifying food textures and liquid consistencies, teaching safe swallowing techniques, or recommending postural changes during meals. Additionally, I incorporate therapeutic exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles involved in swallowing and improving overall coordination. Throughout the treatment process, I closely monitor progress and adjust the intervention plan as needed to ensure optimal outcomes for my clients.”

23. Have you ever worked in a multidisciplinary team? If so, how did you contribute to the team’s success?

Collaboration is key in the field of speech therapy, as professionals often work with a diverse group of specialists, including occupational therapists, psychologists, and special education teachers, to provide comprehensive care for their clients. Interviewers ask this question to learn about your experience working in a multidisciplinary setting and how you effectively contribute to the team’s success. This insight helps them gauge your ability to communicate, collaborate, and adapt in a dynamic environment, which is essential for delivering exceptional results in speech therapy.

Example: “Yes, I have worked in a multidisciplinary team during my time at a pediatric rehabilitation center. The team consisted of occupational therapists, physical therapists, psychologists, and special education teachers, all working together to provide comprehensive care for our clients.

As a speech therapist, my primary contribution was addressing communication challenges faced by the children we served. I collaborated closely with other professionals on the team to develop individualized treatment plans that incorporated each child’s unique needs. For example, when working with an occupational therapist, we would jointly create strategies to improve both fine motor skills and speech articulation simultaneously. Additionally, I shared my expertise on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices with the team, helping them understand how these tools could support our clients’ overall development.

My active participation in discussions, willingness to share knowledge, and ability to adapt my therapy approach based on input from other team members contributed to the success of our multidisciplinary team. This collaborative environment ultimately led to better outcomes for the children and their families.”

24. What strategies do you use to help clients improve their social communication skills?

As a speech therapist, your approach to improving clients’ social communication skills is essential to their success. Interviewers want to know if you have a diverse set of strategies and techniques up your sleeve, which demonstrates your ability to cater to individual needs and provide the best possible support for clients with differing challenges and backgrounds.

Example: “One of the strategies I use to help clients improve their social communication skills is role-playing. This allows clients to practice various social scenarios in a safe and controlled environment, helping them become more comfortable with different types of interactions. We work on aspects such as maintaining eye contact, using appropriate body language, taking turns in conversation, and understanding non-verbal cues.

Another strategy I employ is teaching clients specific techniques for initiating and maintaining conversations. For example, we might discuss open-ended questions that can be used to engage others or explore ways to show active listening through verbal and non-verbal feedback. Additionally, I incorporate real-life situations whenever possible, encouraging clients to apply these newly acquired skills in their daily lives and reflect on their experiences during therapy sessions. This combination of practice and real-world application helps clients build confidence and competence in their social communication abilities.”

25. How do you handle situations where a client is not making progress despite your best efforts?

When you work as a speech therapist, you’ll inevitably encounter clients who don’t progress as expected, which can be disheartening for both you and the client. Interviewers want to assess your ability to stay motivated, adapt your approach, and collaborate with other professionals to find the best possible solution for the client. They’re looking for resilience, creativity, and a commitment to continued learning in these challenging situations.

Example: “When a client is not making progress despite my best efforts, I first reevaluate the therapy plan and goals to ensure they are realistic and tailored to the individual’s needs. It’s important to consider factors such as the client’s age, cognitive abilities, and any underlying conditions that may impact their progress.

If necessary, I consult with other professionals involved in the client’s care, such as teachers, physicians, or occupational therapists, to gain additional insights and explore alternative approaches. Collaboration can provide valuable perspectives on how to modify the therapy plan to better suit the client’s unique situation.

Moreover, I maintain open communication with the client and their family, discussing any concerns and adjusting expectations accordingly. This helps build trust and ensures everyone remains committed to the process, even when progress is slower than anticipated. Ultimately, it’s essential to remain patient, flexible, and persistent while continuing to support the client in achieving their communication goals.”

26. Can you discuss any experience you have working with clients who have traumatic brain injuries?

Speech therapists often work with individuals who have suffered traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), which can affect communication, cognition, and swallowing abilities. By asking this question, interviewers are looking for evidence that you have experience addressing the unique challenges that come with treating clients with TBIs. This can help them gauge your ability to adapt your therapeutic approach and effectively support clients in their recovery journey.

Example: “During my time at XYZ Rehabilitation Center, I had the opportunity to work with several clients who had suffered traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). One particular case involved a young adult who experienced significant speech and language difficulties following a car accident. My role was to assess their communication abilities and develop an individualized treatment plan tailored to their specific needs.

I collaborated closely with the client’s family, physicians, and other rehabilitation professionals to ensure a comprehensive approach to their recovery. We focused on improving their speech intelligibility, language comprehension, and cognitive-communication skills through various evidence-based therapy techniques. Over time, we saw gradual improvements in their ability to communicate effectively and participate more fully in daily activities. This experience reinforced the importance of interdisciplinary teamwork and adaptability when working with TBI clients, as each case presents unique challenges and requires personalized intervention strategies.”

27. What role does technology play in your practice as a speech therapist?

Embracing technology in the field of speech therapy is a crucial aspect of modern practice. As a speech therapist, you may find yourself using various software, apps, and devices to help clients reach their goals more effectively. Interviewers want to know that you’re open to incorporating technology into your therapy sessions and that you can adapt to new tools and methods to deliver the best possible care to your clients.

Example: “Technology plays a significant role in my practice as a speech therapist, enhancing both the assessment and intervention processes. For assessments, I utilize various software programs to analyze speech samples, which helps me identify patterns and pinpoint specific areas that require attention. This data-driven approach allows for more accurate diagnoses and targeted treatment plans.

During therapy sessions, I incorporate technology such as tablets and specialized apps designed for speech and language development. These tools offer engaging and interactive activities that motivate clients while addressing their individual needs. Additionally, video conferencing platforms have become invaluable, enabling remote therapy sessions and ensuring continuity of care even when face-to-face meetings are not possible. In summary, technology has greatly improved the effectiveness and accessibility of speech therapy services, ultimately benefiting both clients and practitioners.”

28. Have you ever had to advocate for a client’s needs within an educational or healthcare setting?

Advocacy is a key aspect of being a speech therapist, as you are often the primary professional responsible for ensuring your clients receive the support and services they require. Interviewers want to know if you have experience navigating complex systems, such as schools or healthcare facilities, and if you can effectively communicate the needs of your clients to other professionals in order to secure the necessary resources and accommodations for their success.

Example: “Yes, I have had to advocate for a client’s needs within an educational setting. I was working with a young student who had been diagnosed with a speech and language disorder that significantly impacted his ability to communicate effectively in the classroom. Despite receiving regular therapy sessions, he continued to struggle academically due to the lack of accommodations provided by the school.

I took it upon myself to arrange a meeting with the school administration, teachers, and the child’s parents to discuss the situation and propose specific accommodations tailored to the student’s needs. These included additional time for assignments, modified instructions, and access to assistive technology devices. I also provided the team with research-based evidence supporting the effectiveness of these accommodations for students with similar challenges.

As a result of this collaborative effort, the school agreed to implement the proposed accommodations, which led to significant improvements in the student’s academic performance and overall well-being. This experience reinforced the importance of advocating for clients’ needs and working closely with other professionals to ensure their success in various settings.”

29. What are some ways you continue to develop professionally as a speech therapist?

Continual professional development is essential for a speech therapist, given the constantly evolving methods and research in the field. By inquiring about your commitment to ongoing learning, interviewers want to gauge your dedication to staying current with the latest advancements and how you apply them to improve the quality of care for your clients. This demonstrates your passion for the profession and your willingness to adapt and grow in your career.

30. In your opinion, what qualities make someone an exceptional speech therapist?

When asking this question, interviewers want to gauge your understanding of the important qualities that contribute to being a successful speech therapist. They’re interested in your ability to recognize the skills, traits, and attitudes needed to effectively help clients with their communication challenges and improve their overall quality of life. This insight can provide a glimpse of your potential effectiveness as a speech therapist in their organization.

Example: “An exceptional speech therapist possesses a combination of strong interpersonal skills and clinical expertise. First and foremost, empathy and patience are essential qualities, as clients may face various challenges and frustrations during their therapy journey. A great speech therapist can put themselves in the client’s shoes, understand their emotions, and provide support while maintaining a positive attitude.

Moreover, effective communication is vital for both understanding the client’s needs and conveying complex concepts in an accessible manner. This includes active listening to ensure that the client feels heard and understood, as well as adapting explanations to suit different age groups or cognitive abilities.

From a clinical perspective, staying up-to-date with the latest research and evidence-based practices is key to providing high-quality care. An exceptional speech therapist continually seeks professional development opportunities to enhance their knowledge and refine their therapeutic techniques, ensuring they deliver the most effective interventions tailored to each individual client.”

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3 Ways to Be a Smooth Talker with a Speech Impediment

• March 19, 2018
• Dating , General

When you have a speech impediment, it can feel intimidating and stressful to connect with others .

You might fear their judgment, feel embarrassed or insecure, or even feel that you’ll be bullied.

The reality is that your speech shouldn’t get in the way of your happiness. Your speech is just one part of your awesome personality.

Read on to learn how you can embrace your impediment and get out of your own way.

1. Acknowledge It

Let’s get one thing straight right away — chances are, the people around you have noticed your speech impediment.

Whether your stutter, have a lisp, or just struggle to speak in a way others can understand, we know that sometimes the hardest thing about it is helping the people in your life to understand it.

They may feel like they’ll insult you if they ask you questions. They may offer unwanted advice. Or, worst of all, they may ignore it altogether, creating awkward situations for everyone.

Even if it’s difficult, it’s up to you to acknowledge your speech.

Not only will this end the “elephant in the room” feeling, but it will also give the people you care about a chance to understand what it’s like and to get their questions answered.

2. Joke About It

You know what they say — laughter is the best medicine .

And if you can make a joke about your speech impediment, you’re showing others that you’re confident about it and don’t let it get in your way.

You don’t need to be self-deprecating all of the time, but making a funny joke about your stutter at your own expense will help other people to feel more comfortable around you.

Plus, they’ll start to see you as a unique and fun person — not as someone who is defined by their impediment.

3. Get Out There

If you really want to learn to embrace your impediment, you need to stop getting in your own way.

The reality is that the reactions that you are afraid other people will have about your speech are likely not going to happen — they’re just in your head.

You just have to give the kindness of others the opportunity to surprise you. Remember, everyone has their struggle, and just because you can’t see or hear those of others doesn’t mean they’re not fighting something, too.

So get out there and start talking to as many people as you can — it gets easier every time!

Want To Connect With Others With A Speech Impediment?

While we hope that the advice in this post has helped you to feel more confident about your speech and your interactions with others, we know that sometimes, you just want to talk to people who get it.

Looking for more advice about how to live your best life, no matter what mental or physical challenges you face?

Be sure to check out our blog for the latest tips. Then, head over to our online community to connect with others who know exactly what you’re going through.

6 comments:

Johanna Elik

March 19, 2018 at 4:37 pm

I would like to connect with others who have a speech impediment. I am trying to adjust to how my voice and speech sounds now..while it continues to deteriorate. . Doing my best, but it is difficult. Hoping to be able to get an assistive/agumenative device to speak for me.

March 29, 2018 at 4:16 pm

Right now my mom has to help me

April 4, 2018 at 1:06 pm

I understand how the members feel, I have two sons who are austic have problems meeting people, so I am going to introduce this website to them and monitor the activity to see how they feel about it. I am glad to know it is something here for special need adults with disabilties.

October 7, 2018 at 4:59 am

I have speaking difficulty due to anxiety while recording myself by a cam.

November 5, 2020 at 8:58 pm

I have trouble saying the letter R, got made fun of in school because of it so I created the English language without it. I avoid all words that have an r in them. It took time and practice and now no one knows I have one. But some people think I’m stupid if they ask a question like what’s your moms maiden name? I’ll either make one up or say I don’t know. Her maiden name is Roorda. If I say idk, that’s when I get the stupid looks. Maybe I made things worse by doing this. It has made me quit Jobs that I loved, in school I’d always spend the whole period in the bathroom if I knew we were reading out loud from the book. But now I am trying real hard to mentally get over it. Not fix it( I’ve tried) but just not care about it anymore.

Ryder Kessel Hunter

June 29, 2022 at 7:49 pm

I have lived with a speech defect my whole life and having been taking speech therapy for over 5 years and it is still is there

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RFK Jr. speaks candidly about his gravelly voice: ‘If I could sound better, I would’

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There was a time before the turn of the millennium when Robert F. Kennedy Jr. gave a full-throated accounting of himself and the things he cared about. He recalls his voice then as “unusually strong,” so much so that he could fill large auditoriums with his words. No amplification needed.

The independent presidential candidate recounts those times somewhat wistfully, telling interviewers that he “can’t stand” the sound of his voice today — sometimes choked, halting and slightly tremulous.

The cause of RFK Jr.’s vocal distress? Spasmodic dysphonia, a rare neurological condition, in which an abnormality in the brain’s neural network results in involuntary spasms of the muscles that open or close the vocal cords.

My voice doesn’t really get tired. It just sounds terrible.

— Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

“I feel sorry for the people who have to listen to me,” Kennedy said in a phone interview with The Times, his voice as strained as it sounds in his public appearances. “My voice doesn’t really get tired. It just sounds terrible. But the injury is neurological, so actually the more I use the voice the stronger it tends to get.”

Since declaring his bid for the presidency a year ago, the 70-year-old environmental lawyer has discussed his frayed voice only on occasion, usually when asked by a reporter. He told The Times: “If I could sound better, I would.”

SD, as it’s known, affects about 50,000 people in North America, although that estimate may be off because of undiagnosed and misdiagnosed cases, according to Dysphonia International , a nonprofit that organizes support groups and funds research.

As with Kennedy, cases typically arise in midlife, though increased recognition of SD has led to more people being diagnosed at younger ages. The disorder, also known as laryngeal dystonia, hits women more often than men.

Internet searches for the condition have spiked, as Kennedy and his gravelly voice have become staples on the news. When Dysphonia International posted an article answering the query, “What is wrong with RFK Jr.’s voice?,” it got at least 10 times the traffic of other items.

Those with SD usually have healthy vocal cords. Because of this, and the fact that it makes some people sound like they are on the verge of tears, some doctors once believed that the croaking or breathy vocalizations were tied to psychological trauma. They often prescribed treatment by a psychotherapist.

But in the early 1980s, researchers, including Dr. Herbert Dedo of UC San Francisco, recognized that SD was a condition rooted in the brain.

Researchers have not been able to find the cause or causes of the disorder. There is speculation that a genetic predisposition might be set off by some event — physical or emotional — that triggers a change in neural networks.

Some who live with SD say the spasms came out of the blue, seemingly unconnected to other events, while others report that it followed an emotionally devastating personal setback, an injury accident or a severe infection.

Kennedy said he was teaching at Pace University School of Law in White Plains, N.Y., in 1996 when he noticed a problem with his voice. He was 42.

His campaigns for clean water and other causes in those days meant that he traveled the country, sometimes appearing in court or giving speeches. He lectured, of course, in his law school classes and co-hosted a radio show. Asked whether it was hard to hear his voice gradually devolve, Kennedy said: “I would say it was ironic, because I made my living on my voice.”

“For years people asked me if I had any trauma at that time,” he said. “My life was a series of traumas … so there was nothing in particular that stood out.”

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Kennedy was just approaching his 10th birthday when his uncle, President John F. Kennedy, was assassinated. At 14, his father was fatally shot in Los Angeles, on the night he won California’s 1968 Democratic primary for president.

RFK Jr. also lost two younger brothers: David died at age 28 of a heroin overdose in 1984 and Michael died in 1997 in a skiing accident in Aspen, Colo., while on the slopes with family members, including then-43-year-old RFK Jr.

It was much more recently, and two decades after the speech disorder cropped up, that Kennedy came up with a theory about a possible cause. Like many of his highly controversial and oft-debunked pronouncements in recent years, it involved a familiar culprit — a vaccine.

Kennedy said that while he was preparing litigation against the makers of flu vaccines in 2016, his research led him to the written inserts that manufacturers package along with the medications. He said he saw spasmodic dysphonia on a long list of possible side effects. “That was the first I ever realized that,” he said.

Although he acknowledged there is no proof of a connection between the flu vaccines he once received annually and SD, he told The Times he continues to view the flu vaccine as “at least a potential culprit.”

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Kennedy said he no longer has the flu vaccine paperwork that triggered his suspicion, but his campaign forwarded a written disclosure for a later flu vaccine. The 24-page document lists commonly recognized adverse reactions, including pain, swelling, muscle aches and fever.

It also lists dozens of less common reactions that users said they experienced. “Dysphonia” is on the list, though the paperwork adds that “it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to the vaccine.”

Public health experts have slammed Kennedy and his anti-vaccine group, Children’s Health Defense, for advancing unsubstantiated claims, including that vaccines cause autism and that COVID-19 vaccines caused a spike of sudden deaths among healthy young people.

Dr. Timothy Brewer, a professor of medicine and epidemiology at UCLA, said an additional study cited by the Kennedy campaign to The Times referred to reported adverse reactions that were unverified and extremely rare.

“We shouldn’t minimize risks or overstate them,” Brewer said. “With these influenza vaccines there are real benefits that so far outweigh the potential harm cited here that it’s not worth considering those types of reactions further.”

Anyone with concerns about influenza vaccine side effects should consult their physician, he said.

So what does research suggest about SD?

“We just don’t know what brings it on,” said Dr. Michael Johns, director of the USC Voice Center and an authority on spasmodic dysphonia. “Intubation, emotional trauma, physical trauma, infections and vaccinations are all things that are incredibly common. And it’s very hard to pin causation on something that is so common when this is a condition that is so rare.”

No two SD sufferers sound the same. For some, spasms push the vocal cords too far apart, causing breathy and nearly inaudible speech. For others, such as Kennedy, the larynx muscles push the vocal cords closer together, creating a strained or strangled delivery.

“I would say it was a very, very slow progression,” Kennedy said last week. “I think my voice was getting worse and worse.”

There were times when mornings were especially difficult.

“When I opened my mouth, I would have no idea what would come out, if anything,” he said.

One of the most common treatments for the disorder is injecting Botox into the muscles that bring the vocal cords together.

Kennedy said he received Botox injections every three or four months for about 10 years. But he called the treatment “not a good fit for me,” because he was “super sensitive to the Botox.” He recalled losing his voice entirely after the injections, before it would return days later, somewhat smoother.

Looking for a surgical solution, Kennedy traveled to Japan in May, 2022. Surgeons in Kyoto implanted a titanium bridge between his vocal cords (also known as vocal folds) to keep them from pressing together.

He told a YouTube interviewer last year that his voice was getting “better and better,” an improvement he credited to the surgery and to alternative therapies, including chiropractic care.

The procedure has not been approved by regulators in the U.S.

Johns cautioned that titanium bridge surgeries haven’t been consistently effective or durable and said there have been reports of the devices fracturing, despite being implanted by reputable doctors. He suggested that the more promising avenue for breakthroughs will be in treating the “primary condition, which is in the brain.”

Researchers are now trying to find the locations in the brain that send faulty signals to the larynx. Once those neural centers are located, doctors might use deep stimulation — like a pacemaker for the brain — to block the abnormal signals that cause vocal spasms. (Deep brain stimulation is used to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease and other afflictions.)

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April 4, 2024

Long and grueling presidential campaigns have stolen the voice of many candidates. But Kennedy said he is not concerned, since his condition is based on a neural disturbance, not one in his voice box.

“Actually, the more I use the voice, the stronger it tends to get,” he said. “It warms up when I speak.”

Kennedy was asked whether the loss of his full voice felt particularly frustrating, given his family’s legacy of ringing oratory. He replied, his voice still raspy, “Like I said, it’s ironic.”

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James Rainey has covered multiple presidential elections, the media and the environment, mostly at the Los Angeles Times, which he first joined in 1984. He was part of Times teams that won three Pulitzer Prizes.

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