term paper on money

Essays About Money: Top 5 Examples and 6 Prompts

With money comes great power; however, power must always come with responsibility. Discover thought-provoking essays about money in our guide.

Money is everywhere. We use it to eat, drink, clothe ourselves, and get shelter, among many other uses. Nowadays, it is an undisputed fact that “money makes the world go round.” The earliest known form of money dates back to around 5,000 years ago ; trade was previously carried out using a barter system. However, over the centuries, more and more nations began implementing a currency system, and money has become more critical. 

In the contemporary world, it seems to be “all about money.” However, it is important not to lose sight of what is important; we must maintain good physical and mental health and healthy relationships with the people around us. Money is necessary; it is just not the only thing necessary. To start your essay, read these examples to write insightful essays about money. 

5 Top Examples On Essay About Money

1. essay on money by prasanna, 2. how money changed human history by jacob wilkins, 3. capitalism: money that make money by ernestine montgomery, 4.  is money the most important thing by seth higgins.

• 5. ​​An Introduction to Saving Money by Jeremy Vohwinkle

Writing Prompts For Essays About Money

1. good uses for money, 2. the “dark side” of money, 3. money’s role in history, 4. morality vs. money, 5. can money buy happiness, 6. how to save money.

“Imagine the world without money. We will eventually come to a point where we will be asking questions like “what’s the point of life”. Hope and goals are some of the important things that will keep a man going in life. Without any sense of achievement or motivation, there wouldn’t be any inventions or progress in the world. People work to get money and then people work harder to get more money. This cycle of life that keeps a man motivated and hopeful is one of the biggest advantages of the system of money”

This essay gives readers a general outlook on money and its advantages and disadvantages. It gives people equal opportunity to work for their dreams and motivates them to be productive members of society, while it also raises the question of greed. Money, without a doubt, has its positive and negative aspects, but it exists and is only becoming more critical.

“But the barter economy was flawed. There was no universal measure for determining the value of an item. It was all based on the subjective opinion of the individuals involved. And to make matters worse, the barter economy relied on both sides wanting something the other had to offer. Trade, therefore, could be sluggish and frustrating. Human beings needed something different, and money was the answer.”

Wilkins writes about how money revolutionized the way trade was conducted. The barter system involved trading any objects if both parties agreed to a deal, such as trading animal skins for fish or medicine for timber. However, the only measure of an item’s value was how much one party wanted it- both sides needed to have something the other wanted. The introduction of money allowed people to put a solid value on commodities, making trade easier.  

“So, if you were to closely observe the dirty, disordered canvas of economic progress during the 20th and 21 st century, you should conclude that, for all its warts, capitalism has been the winner. It has sometimes caused pain; suffered from serious cycles; and often needed the clout of the state- such as we have seen from September 2008. It has also been quite resistant to sensible regulation. Even so, the basic institutions of capitalism have worked, not just in the US and the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and development) nations, but also many developing countries, of which India is one.”

Albeit lengthy, Montgomery’s essay discusses the debate between socialism and capitalism, a topic of which money is at the core. Montgomery describes Karl Marx’s criticism of capitalism: all the money goes to a few people, not the workers. She believes these are valid to an extent and criticizes certain forms of capitalism and socialism. Neither capitalism nor socialism is perfect, but according to Montgomery, capitalism creates a better economy. 

“Being the richest man in the world does not mean you are the happiest man in the world, although money can buy you happiness sometimes, but not always. If we could all appreciate the way life is, the fun, and the beauty I think the world would be better. If people weren’t power hungry maybe we’d have a lesser demand for money. Those people who is money hungry and power hungry need to relax. Money can’t buy you happiness. These individuals need to understand that.”

Higgins implores readers to remember that money is not the only thing people need in the world. He stresses the necessity of money, as it is used to pay for various necessary goods and services; however, he believes it is not a prerequisite for happiness. Material things are temporary, and there are other things we should focus on, like family and friends. 

5. ​​ An Introduction to Saving Money by Jeremy Vohwinkle

“A financial emergency may take the form of a job loss, significant medical or dental expense, unexpected home or auto repairs, a hurricane or major storm, or something unthinkable, such as a global pandemic. The last thing you want to do is to rely on credit cards with their hefty interest fees or to be forced to take out a loan. That’s where your emergency fund can come in handy. Historically, the formula for an emergency account is to have enough readily available cash to cover three to six months of living expenses.“

Vohwinkle’s essay gives readers some suggestions on how to save more money. Most importantly, he suggests setting up an emergency fund, as all other saving techniques stem from there. He also suggests creating an automatic savings plan and cutting down on “spending leaks,” like buying coffee. You might also be interested in these essays about celebration .

In this essay, write about why money is necessary and the ways to use it for the greater good, and include ways in which it can be used (investing, donating, etc.). For each point, you make, be sure to explain why. Of course, this is entirely subjective; feel free to write about what you consider “good uses” for money. 

On the other hand, money also has a negative side —research on money-related issues, such as taxpayer-funded corruption and trading of illegal goods. In your essay, explore this side of money and perhaps give solutions on how to stop these problems. 

Money has played a progressively more important role throughout human history. Discuss the development of currency and the economy, from the barter system to the digital world we live in today. You need not go too in-depth, as there is a lot of ground to cover and many eras to research. Be sure to cite reputable sources when discussing history. 

Many people warn of “selling your soul” for financial gain. In your essay, you can write about the importance of having solid values in this day and age, where money reigns supreme. What principles do you need to keep in mind? Explain how you can still value money while staying grounded; mention the balance between material needs and others. 

As stated in Higgins’ essay, more people have begun to prioritize money over all else. Do you believe that money is truly the most important thing? Can it alone make you happy? Discuss both sides of this question and choose your position accordingly. Be sure to provide precise supporting details for a stronger argument. 

Enumerate tips on how you can save money. Anything works, from saving certain things for special occasions to buying more food in the grocery rather than eating out. This is your opinion; however, feel free to consult online sources and the people around you for extra advice. 

For help with your essays, check out our round-up of the best essay checkers .If you’re still stuck, check out our general resource of essay writing topics .

Martin is an avid writer specializing in editing and proofreading. He also enjoys literary analysis and writing about food and travel.

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Everything You Need to Know to Write an A+ Term Paper

Last Updated: March 4, 2024 Fact Checked

Sample Term Papers

Researching & outlining.

• Drafting Your Paper
• Revising Your Paper

Expert Q&A

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Raven Minyard, BA . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 13 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 2,231,538 times.

A term paper is a written assignment given to students at the end of a course to gauge their understanding of the material. Term papers typically count for a good percentage of your overall grade, so of course, you’ll want to write the best paper possible. Luckily, we’ve got you covered. In this article, we’ll teach you everything you need to know to write an A+ term paper, from researching and outlining to drafting and revising.

Quick Steps to Write a Term Paper

• Hook your readers with an interesting and informative intro paragraph. State your thesis and your main points.
• Support your thesis by providing quotes and evidence that back your claim in your body paragraphs.
• Summarize your main points and leave your readers with a thought-provoking question in your conclusion.

• Think of your term paper as the bridge between what you’ve learned in class and how you apply that knowledge to real-world topics.
• For example, a history term paper may require you to explore the consequences of a significant historical event, like the Civil War. An environmental science class, on the other hand, may have you examine the effects of climate change on a certain region.
• Your guidelines should tell you the paper’s word count and formatting style, like whether to use in-text citations or footnotes and whether to use single- or double-spacing. If these things aren’t specified, be sure to reach out to your instructor.

• Make sure your topic isn’t too broad. For example, if you want to write about Shakespeare’s work, first narrow it down to a specific play, like Macbeth , then choose something even more specific like Lady Macbeth’s role in the plot.
• If the topic is already chosen for you, explore unique angles that can set your content and information apart from the more obvious approaches many others will probably take. [3] X Research source
• Try not to have a specific outcome in mind, as this will close you off to new ideas and avenues of thinking. Rather than trying to mold your research to fit your desired outcome, allow the outcome to reflect a genuine analysis of the discoveries you made. Ask yourself questions throughout the process and be open to having your beliefs challenged.
• Reading other people's comments, opinions, and entries on a topic can often help you to refine your own, especially where they comment that "further research" is required or where they posit challenging questions but leave them unanswered.

• For example, if you’re writing a term paper about Macbeth , your primary source would be the play itself. Then, look for other research papers and analyses written by academics and scholars to understand how they interpret the text.

• For example, if you’re writing a paper about Lady Macbeth, your thesis could be something like “Shakespeare’s characterization of Lady Macbeth reveals how desire for power can control someone’s life.”
• Remember, your research and thesis development doesn’t stop here. As you continue working through both the research and writing, you may want to make changes that align with the ideas forming in your mind and the discoveries you continue to unearth.
• On the other hand, don’t keep looking for new ideas and angles for fear of feeling confined. At some point, you’re going to have to say enough is enough and make your point. You may have other opportunities to explore these questions in future studies, but for now, remember your term paper has a finite word length and an approaching due date!

• Abstract: An abstract is a concise summary of your paper that informs readers of your topic, its significance, and the key points you’ll explore. It must stand on its own and make sense without referencing outside sources or your actual paper.
• Introduction: The introduction establishes the main idea of your paper and directly states the thesis. Begin your introduction with an attention-grabbing sentence to intrigue your readers, and provide any necessary background information to establish your paper’s purpose and direction.
• Body paragraphs: Each body paragraph focuses on a different argument supporting your thesis. List specific evidence from your sources to back up your arguments. Provide detailed information about your topic to enhance your readers’ understanding. In your outline, write down the main ideas for each body paragraph and any outstanding questions or points you’re not yet sure about.
• Results: Depending on the type of term paper you’re writing, your results may be incorporated into your body paragraphs or conclusion. These are the insights that your research led you to. Here you can discuss how your perspective and understanding of your topic shifted throughout your writing process.
• Conclusion: Your conclusion summarizes your argument and findings. You may restate your thesis and major points as you wrap up your paper.

Drafting Your Term Paper

• Writing an introduction can be challenging, but don’t get too caught up on it. As you write the rest of your paper, your arguments might change and develop, so you’ll likely need to rewrite your intro at the end, anyway. Writing your intro is simply a means of getting started and you can always revise it later. [10] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
• Be sure to define any words your readers might not understand. For example, words like “globalization” have many different meanings depending on context, and it’s important to state which ones you’ll be using as part of your introductory paragraph.

• Try to relate the subject of the essay (say, Plato’s Symposium ) to a tangentially related issue you happen to know something about (say, the growing trend of free-wheeling hookups in frat parties). Slowly bring the paragraph around to your actual subject and make a few generalizations about why this aspect of the book/subject is so fascinating and worthy of study (such as how different the expectations for physical intimacy were then compared to now).

• You can also reflect on your own experience of researching and writing your term paper. Discuss how your understanding of your topic evolved and any unexpected findings you came across.

• While peppering quotes throughout your text is a good way to help make your point, don’t overdo it. If you use too many quotes, you’re basically allowing other authors to make the point and write the paper for you. When you do use a quote, be sure to explain why it is relevant in your own words.
• Try to sort out your bibliography at the beginning of your writing process to avoid having a last-minute scramble. When you have all the information beforehand (like the source’s title, author, publication date, etc.), it’s easier to plug them into the correct format.

Revising & Finalizing Your Term Paper

• Trade in weak “to-be” verbs for stronger “action” verbs. For example: “I was writing my term paper” becomes “I wrote my term paper.”

• It’s extremely important to proofread your term paper. If your writing is full of mistakes, your instructor will assume you didn’t put much effort into your paper. If you have too many errors, your message will be lost in the confusion of trying to understand what you’ve written.

• If you add or change information to make things clearer for your readers, it’s a good idea to look over your paper one more time to catch any new typos that may have come up in the process.

• The best essays are like grass court tennis—the argument should flow in a "rally" style, building persuasively to the conclusion. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• If you get stuck, consider giving your professor a visit. Whether you're still struggling for a thesis or you want to go over your conclusion, most instructors are delighted to help and they'll remember your initiative when grading time rolls around. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• At least 2 hours for 3-5 pages.
• At least 4 hours for 8-10 pages.
• At least 6 hours for 12-15 pages.
• Double those hours if you haven't done any homework and you haven't attended class.
• For papers that are primarily research-based, add about two hours to those times (although you'll need to know how to research quickly and effectively, beyond the purview of this brief guide).

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.binghamton.edu/counseling/self-help/term-paper.html
• ↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Research Fellow, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.
• ↑ https://emory.libanswers.com/faq/44525
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/planresearchpaper/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/thesis_statement_tips.html
• ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/outline
• ↑ https://gallaudet.edu/student-success/tutorial-center/english-center/writing/guide-to-writing-introductions-and-conclusions/
• ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26731827
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/writing-an-abstract-for-your-research-paper/
• ↑ https://www.ivcc.edu/stylesite/Essay_Title.pdf
• ↑ https://www.uni-flensburg.de/fileadmin/content/institute/anglistik/dokumente/downloads/how-to-write-a-term-paper-daewes.pdf
• ↑ https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185937
• ↑ https://www.cornerstone.edu/blog-post/six-steps-to-really-edit-your-paper/

About This Article

If you need to write a term paper, choose your topic, then start researching that topic. Use your research to craft a thesis statement which states the main idea of your paper, then organize all of your facts into an outline that supports your thesis. Once you start writing, state your thesis in the first paragraph, then use the body of the paper to present the points that support your argument. End the paper with a strong conclusion that restates your thesis. For tips on improving your term paper through active voice, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How To Write a Term Paper: A Guide That Works

30 June, 2020

16 minutes read

Author:  Mathieu Johnson

Once you’ve started your university career, you are going to be asked to present a term paper. What’s the difference between a term paper and a research paper? How can you write a good term? What’s the best way to structure it? Where can you find some tips to make the writing process faster? In this article, we’ll discuss a few tips to help you prepare a term paper quickly and professionally.

What Is a Term Paper… And What Is The First Step?

A term paper is a critical and analytical report on the topic or subject that you covered within the course of studies. It usually consists of two separate but equally important aspects: your own thoughts about the topic and a demonstration of your understanding of the existing literature. The main goal of this assignment is to summarize the material you learned and showcase your understanding of the topic. This aspect makes the term paper a universal instrument for assessing a student’s proficiency. It also explains why term papers cost so many points of your course grade.

We usually associate a term paper with a research paper , but although the concepts are quite similar, a research paper requires a more academic approach and a deeper investigation into the literature of your field of study.

To write an outstanding college term paper, you must understand that your professor has requested it in order to test your analytical thinking skills. You must collect relevant data, analyze it, and then make a summary or solve a particular problem. Such skills are highly relevant to the business world, so this type of the task is as practical as it is educational.

So, let’s start the preparation!

Before you begin writing

Unfortunately, there is no magical recipe that allows you to get everything done fast. You will need to choose the best way forward in whatever situation you find yourself, but here are some tips to help you prepare for the assignment.

To begin with, take the research stage seriously . Sometimes, when students are really interested in a topic, they only want to present their personal ideas about the problem. Unfortunately, if you’re not completely familiar with all the data from the various sources, you will need to reinvent the bicycle.

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In the initial stages of your research, investigate everything you can find on the topic . This may sound like a tall order, but you’ll find that it doesn’t actually entail that much reading. At this point you are only compiling the research, so you will be skimming through numerous prospects rather than reading them completely. Bear in mind that your aim is to get acquainted with the various aspects of your problem. The term paper summarizes the knowledge you gained within a course and requires to familiarize yourself with the research that other people have already made on your topic.

Thinking that your opinions are completely original and unique is quite egocentric, and it can get you into trouble. So, “your” thoughts about the problem are usually just somebody else’s statements that you have rephrased (or even a well-established academic concept!). Remember that your professor will be familiar with all the literature surrounding the issue: if you merely rewrite someone else’s thoughts and present them as your own (even if you don’t realize doing it), be prepared for criticism!

Applying a Structure To Your Term Paper

Once you have read all the leading authors and their approaches to your problem, it’s time to create a structure for your work. This is not yet an outline; you just need to decide what to write about. Sketch out the topic for the theoretical portion of your work and think about practical aspects and how you can approach the research in the best possible way.

At this point, you really need to call or email your supervisor . Your professor will have seen hundreds of term papers like yours (i.e., they have not yet been written, but a definite idea exists!) and will be prepared to give you feedback and advice. He or she will tell you what literature you have omitted, offer suggestions about what you should read, and give you feedback about your paper. It may well be that your approach has already occurred to somebody else, in which case there is no need to repeat it.

Choosing a Topic: Easy as Riding a Bike?

When you choose your topic, make sure you choose something that you are interested in . That’s our advice if you want a painless term paper. If you prefer to investigate a field that you’ve never really explored before, you can challenge yourself to do that, too. That might be sophisticated, but why not?

If you decide to investigate a topic or a problem that you are pretty familiar with, your writing will be more fluid. You will focus your attention on a specific aspect of the chosen field and expand your knowledge within that scope. On the contrary, choosing an unfamiliar subject matter can wash out your expertise.

Be prepared to change the topic if you find out that your research isn’t going anywhere. It might occur that you presuppose that your topic has a potential but somewhere at the stage of initial research, you find that it just won’t work. It’s always a good idea to consider two or three topics when you kick off the term paper writing – even if they are just different ways of examining the same problem. By doing this, you will be able to choose the best version, which may not be the one you started with at all!

Related Post: 100 Persuasive essay topics

Formulating a Thesis statement

Writing a proper thesis statement can also be challenging. To begin with, write down a couple of prominent ideas or concepts, then try to make rough drafts of them to see how they’ll work in the structural framework. You will probably find that one idea fits your style, interests, and knowledge base: you can choose that one as your thesis statement.

Remember that the thesis statement is the skeleton, the central concept of your paper. It is the elemental attribute of almost any academic paper – from master’s thesis to a simple five paragraph essay. If you do a thorough job on it, you will find that writing (and defending!) your argument is much easier.

Be aware that all of these stages are parts of a procedure – one leads to another. When writing a term paper, you should collect the material and wrap it up at the same time.

Planning – The Key To Success

Some people claim that they can write a term paper without any planning. In our opinion, this is impossible. If you don’t have a postgraduate degree and you aren’t a certified genius, you need to prepare an outline for your project. It may come as a surprise, but even people who claim otherwise actually prepare outlines – in their heads. But if you don’t have that much experience, use a pencil and your notebook to ensure that you don’t forget anything.

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That’s when we get to preparing your first draft . There’s only one thing to add here: do as many drafts as you need in order to achieve your goal. Understand that your aim is to create an excellent term paper and keep working at it until you are satisfied.

Term Paper Outline: Write Everything In The Proper Section!

In the Introduction , state the topic that you are going to investigate and the context of your work. This is the critical ‘selling’ moment of your work. In a nutshell, your introduction combined with a conclusion should give a sneak peek into what the whole paper is about. If your introduction is well-prepared, it will be quite complacent about the body of your project. The introduction must include an abstract that presents your thesis statement . You should explain your motivation (why should the reader be concerned about this problem?) , your methods (what scientific tools did you use?) , and the results (what you achieved) .

The Literature Review totally corresponds to its name – it is here to review the literature you compiled. Your professor will double check it to make sure that you understand the context of your argument. One more thing to add is: collect all the information you can! Ideally, you should read or at least glance through every book and author that you can find on the topic. Think of your task as a fascinating journey: if you approach it like that, reading hundreds of pages won’t seem like that much of a challenge.

In the Discussion , you must present the interpretations of the problem. Be honest, explain what you pieces of data you don’t agree with and what ideas and concepts you support. This section connects the dots between theory and practice when writing a term paper. Wherever possible, provide several interpretations of the subject matter, then choose the one(s) that are most relevant to the case you are presenting.

In the Body , focus on those arguments that prove your thesis statement. This section must be absolutely logical. If you have chosen a more complicated topic, use heading and sub-headings to improve the appearance of this section. While writing the body, keep your target audience (your professors) in mind. In other words, don’t just record the obvious causes/effects/solutions but also showcase your own findings – what you have discovered and how that proves your thesis statement. Demonstrate that you are familiar with the details and you will stun your readers with the prolific mastery of the topic.

Now, the Conclusion   is her to summarize both the content and the purpose of the paper. The most challenging part is not to make it too dry. Reiterate your thesis statement and briefly show how your results justified your proposition. At the very end, you can suggest a call to action or pose a rhetorical question or statement that leaves your reader wanting more.

What to do next?

When you have finished, reread your work a couple of times. You will almost certainly find a few faults, whether they are contextual, factual, syntactical, grammatical, or even simple spelling mistakes. A very useful tip is to wait for two or three days after writing your final draft to proofread it afterward. Your brain will have time to process the information, and you’ll be able to look at it with a fresh view.

When proofreading, take care to polish the structural problems. The skeleton (the logic and the thesis statement) should make sense. If they don’t, try to approach the problem from another perspective. The changes may take some time, but bear in mind that your objective is to produce professional work. Be patient!

After that, print the term paper. The human eye processes information differently on the paper than on a computer screen; that’s why you need to print it and take one final look for any possible mistakes. Even if you don’t see any serious defects, pay attention to formatting, punctuation, and synonyms. It’s an academic text, so make it shine!

Term Paper Sample

Be sure to check the sample of a term paper, completed by our writers. Use it as an example to perfect your own writing. Link:  Term Paper Sample: Consumer Buying Behavior .

The Do’s and Don’ts of Term Paper Writing

There you have the most important tips to help you succeed in writing a term paper. Now it’s up to you to stop reading and start writing!

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Essay on Money for Students and Children

500+ words essay on money.

Money is an essential need to survive in the world. In today’s world, almost everything is possible with money. Moreover, you can fulfill any of your dreams by spending money. As a result, people work hard to earn it. Our parents work hard to fulfill our dreams .

Furthermore various businessmen , entrepreneurs have startup businesses to earn profits. They have made use of their skills and intelligence in getting an upper hand in earning. Also, the employee sector works day and night to complete their tasks given to them. But still, there are many people who take shortcuts to success and get involved in corruption.

Black Money

Black money is the money that people earn with corruption . For your information corruption involves the misuse of the power of high posts. For instance, it involves taking bribes, extra money for free services, etc. Corruption is the main cause of the lack of proper growth of the country .

Moreover, money that people having authority earns misusing their powers is black money. Furthermore, these earnings do not have proper documentation. As a result, the people who earn this do not pay income tax . Which is a great offense and the person who does this can be behind bars.

Money Laundering

In simple terms, money laundering is converting black money into white money. Also, this is another illegal offense. Furthermore, money laundering also encourages various crimes. Because it is the only way criminal can use their money from illegal sources. Money laundering is a crime, and the people who practice it are liable to go to jail.

Therefore the Government is taking various preventive measures to abolish money laundering. The government is linking bank accounts to AADHAR Card. To get all the transaction detail of each bank account. As a result, the government comes to know if any transaction is from an illegal source .

Also, every bank account has its own KYC (Know your Customer) this separates different categories of income of people. Businessmen are in the high-risk category. Then comes the people who are on a high post they are in the medium-risk category. Further, the last category is of the Employee sector they are at the lowest risk.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

White Money

White money is the money that people earn through legal sources. Moreover, it is the money on which the people have already paid the tax. The employee sector of any company always has white money income.

Because the tax is already levied on their income. Therefore the safest way to earn money is in the employment sector. But your income will be limited here. As a result, many people take a different path and choose entrepreneurship. This helps them in starting their own company and make profitable incomes .

Every person in this world works hard to earn money. People try different methods and set of skills to increase their incomes. But it is always not about earning money, it’s about saving and spending it. People should spend money wisely. Moreover, things should always be bought by judging their worth. Because money is not precious but the efforts you make for it are.

Q1. What is Black Money?

A1. Black money is the money that people earn through illegal ways. It is strictly prohibited in our country. And the people who have it can go to jail.

Q2. What is the difference between Black money and White money?

A2. The difference between black money and white money is, Black money comes from illegal earnings. But white money comes from legal sources with taxation levied on it.

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, getting college essay help: important do's and don’ts.

College Essays

If you grow up to be a professional writer, everything you write will first go through an editor before being published. This is because the process of writing is really a process of re-writing —of rethinking and reexamining your work, usually with the help of someone else. So what does this mean for your student writing? And in particular, what does it mean for very important, but nonprofessional writing like your college essay? Should you ask your parents to look at your essay? Pay for an essay service?

If you are wondering what kind of help you can, and should, get with your personal statement, you've come to the right place! In this article, I'll talk about what kind of writing help is useful, ethical, and even expected for your college admission essay . I'll also point out who would make a good editor, what the differences between editing and proofreading are, what to expect from a good editor, and how to spot and stay away from a bad one.

Table of Contents

What Kind of Help for Your Essay Can You Get?

What's Good Editing?

What should an editor do for you, what kind of editing should you avoid, proofreading, what's good proofreading, what kind of proofreading should you avoid.

What Do Colleges Think Of You Getting Help With Your Essay?

Who Can/Should Help You?

Advice for editors.

Should You Pay Money For Essay Editing?

The Bottom Line

What's next, what kind of help with your essay can you get.

Rather than talking in general terms about "help," let's first clarify the two different ways that someone else can improve your writing . There is editing, which is the more intensive kind of assistance that you can use throughout the whole process. And then there's proofreading, which is the last step of really polishing your final product.

Let me go into some more detail about editing and proofreading, and then explain how good editors and proofreaders can help you."

Editing is helping the author (in this case, you) go from a rough draft to a finished work . Editing is the process of asking questions about what you're saying, how you're saying it, and how you're organizing your ideas. But not all editing is good editing . In fact, it's very easy for an editor to cross the line from supportive to overbearing and over-involved.

Ability to clarify assignments. A good editor is usually a good writer, and certainly has to be a good reader. For example, in this case, a good editor should make sure you understand the actual essay prompt you're supposed to be answering.

Open-endedness. Good editing is all about asking questions about your ideas and work, but without providing answers. It's about letting you stick to your story and message, and doesn't alter your point of view.

Think of an editor as a great travel guide. It can show you the many different places your trip could take you. It should explain any parts of the trip that could derail your trip or confuse the traveler. But it never dictates your path, never forces you to go somewhere you don't want to go, and never ignores your interests so that the trip no longer seems like it's your own. So what should good editors do?

Help Brainstorm Topics

Sometimes it's easier to bounce thoughts off of someone else. This doesn't mean that your editor gets to come up with ideas, but they can certainly respond to the various topic options you've come up with. This way, you're less likely to write about the most boring of your ideas, or to write about something that isn't actually important to you.

If you're wondering how to come up with options for your editor to consider, check out our guide to brainstorming topics for your college essay .

Help Revise Your Drafts

Here, your editor can't upset the delicate balance of not intervening too much or too little. It's tricky, but a great way to think about it is to remember: editing is about asking questions, not giving answers .

Revision questions should point out:

• Places where more detail or more description would help the reader connect with your essay
• Places where structure and logic don't flow, losing the reader's attention
• Places where there aren't transitions between paragraphs, confusing the reader
• Moments where your narrative or the arguments you're making are unclear

But pointing to potential problems is not the same as actually rewriting—editors let authors fix the problems themselves.

Bad editing is usually very heavy-handed editing. Instead of helping you find your best voice and ideas, a bad editor changes your writing into their own vision.

You may be dealing with a bad editor if they:

• Add material (examples, descriptions) that doesn't come from you
• Use a thesaurus to make your college essay sound "more mature"
• Add meaning or insight to the essay that doesn't come from you
• Tell you what to say and how to say it
• Write sentences, phrases, and paragraphs for you
• Change your voice in the essay so it no longer sounds like it was written by a teenager

Colleges can tell the difference between a 17-year-old's writing and a 50-year-old's writing. Not only that, they have access to your SAT or ACT Writing section, so they can compare your essay to something else you wrote. Writing that's a little more polished is great and expected. But a totally different voice and style will raise questions.

Where's the Line Between Helpful Editing and Unethical Over-Editing?

Sometimes it's hard to tell whether your college essay editor is doing the right thing. Here are some guidelines for staying on the ethical side of the line.

• An editor should say that the opening paragraph is kind of boring, and explain what exactly is making it drag. But it's overstepping for an editor to tell you exactly how to change it.
• An editor should point out where your prose is unclear or vague. But it's completely inappropriate for the editor to rewrite that section of your essay.
• An editor should let you know that a section is light on detail or description. But giving you similes and metaphors to beef up that description is a no-go.

Proofreading (also called copy-editing) is checking for errors in the last draft of a written work. It happens at the end of the process and is meant as the final polishing touch. Proofreading is meticulous and detail-oriented, focusing on small corrections. It sands off all the surface rough spots that could alienate the reader.

Because proofreading is usually concerned with making fixes on the word or sentence level, this is the only process where someone else can actually add to or take away things from your essay . This is because what they are adding or taking away tends to be one or two misplaced letters.

Laser focus. Proofreading is all about the tiny details, so the ability to really concentrate on finding small slip-ups is a must.

Excellent grammar and spelling skills. Proofreaders need to dot every "i" and cross every "t." Good proofreaders should correct spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. They should put foreign words in italics and surround quotations with quotation marks. They should check that you used the correct college's name, and that you adhered to any formatting requirements (name and date at the top of the page, uniform font and size, uniform spacing).

Limited interference. A proofreader needs to make sure that you followed any word limits. But if cuts need to be made to shorten the essay, that's your job and not the proofreader's.

A bad proofreader either tries to turn into an editor, or just lacks the skills and knowledge necessary to do the job.

Some signs that you're working with a bad proofreader are:

• If they suggest making major changes to the final draft of your essay. Proofreading happens when editing is already finished.
• If they aren't particularly good at spelling, or don't know grammar, or aren't detail-oriented enough to find someone else's small mistakes.
• If they start swapping out your words for fancier-sounding synonyms, or changing the voice and sound of your essay in other ways. A proofreader is there to check for errors, not to take the 17-year-old out of your writing.

What Do Colleges Think of Your Getting Help With Your Essay?

Admissions officers agree: light editing and proofreading are good—even required ! But they also want to make sure you're the one doing the work on your essay. They want essays with stories, voice, and themes that come from you. They want to see work that reflects your actual writing ability, and that focuses on what you find important.

On the Importance of Editing

Get feedback. Have a fresh pair of eyes give you some feedback. Don't allow someone else to rewrite your essay, but do take advantage of others' edits and opinions when they seem helpful. ( Bates College )

Read your essay aloud to someone. Reading the essay out loud offers a chance to hear how your essay sounds outside your head. This exercise reveals flaws in the essay's flow, highlights grammatical errors and helps you ensure that you are communicating the exact message you intended. ( Dickinson College )

On the Value of Proofreading

Share your essays with at least one or two people who know you well—such as a parent, teacher, counselor, or friend—and ask for feedback. Remember that you ultimately have control over your essays, and your essays should retain your own voice, but others may be able to catch mistakes that you missed and help suggest areas to cut if you are over the word limit. ( Yale University )

Proofread and then ask someone else to proofread for you. Although we want substance, we also want to be able to see that you can write a paper for our professors and avoid careless mistakes that would drive them crazy. ( Oberlin College )

On Watching Out for Too Much Outside Influence

Limit the number of people who review your essay. Too much input usually means your voice is lost in the writing style. ( Carleton College )

Ask for input (but not too much). Your parents, friends, guidance counselors, coaches, and teachers are great people to bounce ideas off of for your essay. They know how unique and spectacular you are, and they can help you decide how to articulate it. Keep in mind, however, that a 45-year-old lawyer writes quite differently from an 18-year-old student, so if your dad ends up writing the bulk of your essay, we're probably going to notice. ( Vanderbilt University )

Now let's talk about some potential people to approach for your college essay editing and proofreading needs. It's best to start close to home and slowly expand outward. Not only are your family and friends more invested in your success than strangers, but they also have a better handle on your interests and personality. This knowledge is key for judging whether your essay is expressing your true self.

Parents or Close Relatives

Your family may be full of potentially excellent editors! Parents are deeply committed to your well-being, and family members know you and your life well enough to offer details or incidents that can be included in your essay. On the other hand, the rewriting process necessarily involves criticism, which is sometimes hard to hear from someone very close to you.

A parent or close family member is a great choice for an editor if you can answer "yes" to the following questions. Is your parent or close relative a good writer or reader? Do you have a relationship where editing your essay won't create conflict? Are you able to constructively listen to criticism and suggestion from the parent?

One suggestion for defusing face-to-face discussions is to try working on the essay over email. Send your parent a draft, have them write you back some comments, and then you can pick which of their suggestions you want to use and which to discard.

Teachers or Tutors

A humanities teacher that you have a good relationship with is a great choice. I am purposefully saying humanities, and not just English, because teachers of Philosophy, History, Anthropology, and any other classes where you do a lot of writing, are all used to reviewing student work.

Moreover, any teacher or tutor that has been working with you for some time, knows you very well and can vet the essay to make sure it "sounds like you."

If your teacher or tutor has some experience with what college essays are supposed to be like, ask them to be your editor. If not, then ask whether they have time to proofread your final draft.

Guidance or College Counselor at Your School

The best thing about asking your counselor to edit your work is that this is their job. This means that they have a very good sense of what colleges are looking for in an application essay.

At the same time, school counselors tend to have relationships with admissions officers in many colleges, which again gives them insight into what works and which college is focused on what aspect of the application.

Unfortunately, in many schools the guidance counselor tends to be way overextended. If your ratio is 300 students to 1 college counselor, you're unlikely to get that person's undivided attention and focus. It is still useful to ask them for general advice about your potential topics, but don't expect them to be able to stay with your essay from first draft to final version.

Friends, Siblings, or Classmates

Although they most likely don't have much experience with what colleges are hoping to see, your peers are excellent sources for checking that your essay is you .

Friends and siblings are perfect for the read-aloud edit. Read your essay to them so they can listen for words and phrases that are stilted, pompous, or phrases that just don't sound like you.

You can even trade essays and give helpful advice on each other's work.

If your editor hasn't worked with college admissions essays very much, no worries! Any astute and attentive reader can still greatly help with your process. But, as in all things, beginners do better with some preparation.

First, your editor should read our advice about how to write a college essay introduction , how to spot and fix a bad college essay , and get a sense of what other students have written by going through some admissions essays that worked .

Then, as they read your essay, they can work through the following series of questions that will help them to guide you.

Introduction Questions

• Is the first sentence a killer opening line? Why or why not?
• Does the introduction hook the reader? Does it have a colorful, detailed, and interesting narrative? Or does it propose a compelling or surprising idea?
• Can you feel the author's voice in the introduction, or is the tone dry, dull, or overly formal? Show the places where the voice comes through.

Essay Body Questions

• Does the essay have a through-line? Is it built around a central argument, thought, idea, or focus? Can you put this idea into your own words?
• How is the essay organized? By logical progression? Chronologically? Do you feel order when you read it, or are there moments where you are confused or lose the thread of the essay?
• Does the essay have both narratives about the author's life and explanations and insight into what these stories reveal about the author's character, personality, goals, or dreams? If not, which is missing?
• Does the essay flow? Are there smooth transitions/clever links between paragraphs? Between the narrative and moments of insight?

Reader Response Questions

• Does the writer's personality come through? Do we know what the speaker cares about? Do we get a sense of "who he or she is"?
• Where did you feel most connected to the essay? Which parts of the essay gave you a "you are there" sensation by invoking your senses? What moments could you picture in your head well?
• Where are the details and examples vague and not specific enough?
• Did you get an "a-ha!" feeling anywhere in the essay? Is there a moment of insight that connected all the dots for you? Is there a good reveal or "twist" anywhere in the essay?
• What are the strengths of this essay? What needs the most improvement?

Should You Pay Money for Essay Editing?

One alternative to asking someone you know to help you with your college essay is the paid editor route. There are two different ways to pay for essay help: a private essay coach or a less personal editing service , like the many proliferating on the internet.

My advice is to think of these options as a last resort rather than your go-to first choice. I'll first go through the reasons why. Then, if you do decide to go with a paid editor, I'll help you decide between a coach and a service.

When to Consider a Paid Editor

In general, I think hiring someone to work on your essay makes a lot of sense if none of the people I discussed above are a possibility for you.

If you can't ask your parents. For example, if your parents aren't good writers, or if English isn't their first language. Or if you think getting your parents to help is going create unnecessary extra conflict in your relationship with them (applying to college is stressful as it is!)

If you can't ask your teacher or tutor. Maybe you don't have a trusted teacher or tutor that has time to look over your essay with focus. Or, for instance, your favorite humanities teacher has very limited experience with college essays and so won't know what admissions officers want to see.

If you can't ask your guidance counselor. This could be because your guidance counselor is way overwhelmed with other students.

If you can't share your essay with those who know you. It might be that your essay is on a very personal topic that you're unwilling to share with parents, teachers, or peers. Just make sure it doesn't fall into one of the bad-idea topics in our article on bad college essays .

If the cost isn't a consideration. Many of these services are quite expensive, and private coaches even more so. If you have finite resources, I'd say that hiring an SAT or ACT tutor (whether it's PrepScholar or someone else) is better way to spend your money . This is because there's no guarantee that a slightly better essay will sufficiently elevate the rest of your application, but a significantly higher SAT score will definitely raise your applicant profile much more.

Should You Hire an Essay Coach?

On the plus side, essay coaches have read dozens or even hundreds of college essays, so they have experience with the format. Also, because you'll be working closely with a specific person, it's more personal than sending your essay to a service, which will know even less about you.

But, on the minus side, you'll still be bouncing ideas off of someone who doesn't know that much about you . In general, if you can adequately get the help from someone you know, there is no advantage to paying someone to help you.

If you do decide to hire a coach, ask your school counselor, or older students that have used the service for recommendations. If you can't afford the coach's fees, ask whether they can work on a sliding scale —many do. And finally, beware those who guarantee admission to your school of choice—essay coaches don't have any special magic that can back up those promises.

Should You Send Your Essay to a Service?

On the plus side, essay editing services provide a similar product to essay coaches, and they cost significantly less . If you have some assurance that you'll be working with a good editor, the lack of face-to-face interaction won't prevent great results.

On the minus side, however, it can be difficult to gauge the quality of the service before working with them . If they are churning through many application essays without getting to know the students they are helping, you could end up with an over-edited essay that sounds just like everyone else's. In the worst case scenario, an unscrupulous service could send you back a plagiarized essay.

Getting recommendations from friends or a school counselor for reputable services is key to avoiding heavy-handed editing that writes essays for you or does too much to change your essay. Including a badly-edited essay like this in your application could cause problems if there are inconsistencies. For example, in interviews it might be clear you didn't write the essay, or the skill of the essay might not be reflected in your schoolwork and test scores.

Should You Buy an Essay Written by Someone Else?

Let me elaborate. There are super sketchy places on the internet where you can simply buy a pre-written essay. Don't do this!

For one thing, you'll be lying on an official, signed document. All college applications make you sign a statement saying something like this:

I certify that all information submitted in the admission process—including the application, the personal essay, any supplements, and any other supporting materials—is my own work, factually true, and honestly presented... I understand that I may be subject to a range of possible disciplinary actions, including admission revocation, expulsion, or revocation of course credit, grades, and degree, should the information I have certified be false. (From the Common Application )

For another thing, if your academic record doesn't match the essay's quality, the admissions officer will start thinking your whole application is riddled with lies.

Admission officers have full access to your writing portion of the SAT or ACT so that they can compare work that was done in proctored conditions with that done at home. They can tell if these were written by different people. Not only that, but there are now a number of search engines that faculty and admission officers can use to see if an essay contains strings of words that have appeared in other essays—you have no guarantee that the essay you bought wasn't also bought by 50 other students.

• You should get college essay help with both editing and proofreading
• A good editor will ask questions about your idea, logic, and structure, and will point out places where clarity is needed
• A good editor will absolutely not answer these questions, give you their own ideas, or write the essay or parts of the essay for you
• A good proofreader will find typos and check your formatting
• All of them agree that getting light editing and proofreading is necessary
• Parents, teachers, guidance or college counselor, and peers or siblings
• If you can't ask any of those, you can pay for college essay help, but watch out for services or coaches who over-edit you work
• Don't buy a pre-written essay! Colleges can tell, and it'll make your whole application sound false.

Ready to start working on your essay? Check out our explanation of the point of the personal essay and the role it plays on your applications and then explore our step-by-step guide to writing a great college essay .

Using the Common Application for your college applications? We have an excellent guide to the Common App essay prompts and useful advice on how to pick the Common App prompt that's right for you . Wondering how other people tackled these prompts? Then work through our roundup of over 130 real college essay examples published by colleges .

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Term Paper on Money | Economics

Here is a compilation of term papers on ‘Money’ for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short term papers on ‘Money’ especially written for school and college students.

Term Paper on Money

Term Paper Contents:

• Term Paper on the Evils of Money

Term Paper # 1. Origin of Money:

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There is no evidence about the first emergence of money; particularly the time and place concerned. People had very few wants in the beginning of human civilization. There was no need of money as they could meet their needs themselves. As the civilization prospered; people’s needs multiplied, and consequently interdependence for goods and services increased.

Hence, the barter system came into existence to fulfill the initial needs of exchange. But a number of difficulties were observed in this system by the passage of time; for instance— lack of double coincidence of wants, lack of common measure of value, lack of divisibility of commodities, lack of store of value, difficulty in deferred payment, lack of transfer of value etc. In a civilized society, a need was felt that there should be such a system that could save all from these difficulties. Money came into existence in these circumstances.

The term ‘Money’ is derived from the Latin term “Moneta”. It is said that “Moneta” is the other name of Goddess Juno. In the ancient Italy this Goddess was called “The Goddess of Heaven”. Metallic money was coined in the temple of this goddess. As this money was produced in the temple of “The Goddess of Heaven”, one who got it felt the joy of Heaven. So, it is considered that the term ‘Money’ is derived from the term “Moneta”.

On the other hand, some scholars consider the term ‘Pecunia’ as the root of the term ‘Money’. The term ‘Pecunia’ has origined from the term ‘Pecus’ which literally means ‘Live-stock’. This can be held logical as in ancient days livestock and goods were used as money.

Whatsoever have been the ways of origin of money, it is an ultimate truth that ‘money’ is one of the three greatest inventions of the world. It is worth mentioning here that ‘fire’, ‘wheel’ and ‘money’ are considered to be the three greatest inventions of the world. Money is also used in the sense of ‘seal’ or ‘sign’ in Hindi.

Term Paper # 2. Definition of Money:

There is much difference in opinions of scholars regarding the ‘definition of money’. Someone has based the definition of money on the universal acceptance; whereas someone else has taken its function as the central issue in the definition. So, for the convenience of study, definitions of money can be classified as follows on the basis of their nature.

Definitions Based on the Nature of Money:

Definitions on the basis of nature of money can be classified into following three groups:

I. Descriptive or Functional Definitions:

This category includes definitions of those scholars who stated functions of money in their definitions.

Some important definitions of this category are given below:

(1) According to Crowther, “Money is anything that is commonly used and generally accepted as means of exchange and at the same time acts as measure and store of value.”

(2) According to Prof. Thomas, “It is a means to an end not for its own sake but as a means of obtaining-other’s articles or commanding the service of others”.

(3) According to Coulborn, “Money may be defined as the means of valuation and payment.”

(4) According to Nogaro, “Money is a commodity which serves as an intermediary in exchange and as a common measure of value.”

(5) According to Hartle Withers, “Money is what money does.”

(6) According to Whitelesy, “If a particular unit is commonly employed to state values, exchange goods and services or perform other money functions, than it is money whatever its legal or physical characteristics.”

Although the above definitions are practical, they describe money in place of defining it. There is radical difference in ‘description’ and ‘definition’. These definitions don’t claim any universal acceptance or recognition of governments. So even if these definitions are accepted in practice, they can’t be given recognition.

II. Definitions Based on Common Acceptance:

It is an essential characteristic of money that it is commonly accepted by the common people in return for the goods and services. So, some scholars have defined money on the basis of acceptance.

Some important definitions of this category are given here:

(1) According to Marshal, “Money includes all those things which are at given time or place generally current without doubt or special enquiry as a means of purchasing commodities or services and of defraying expenses.”

(2) According to Robertson, “Money is anything which is widely acceptable in discharge of obligation.”

(3) According to Seligman, “Money is one thing that possesses general acceptability.”

(4) According to Ely, “Anything that passes freely from hand to hand as a medium of exchange and is generally received in final discharge of debts.”

(5) According to Prof. Keynes, “Money itself is that by delivery of which debt contracts and price contracts are discharged and in the shape of which a store of general purchasing power is held.”

(6) According to G.D.H. Cole, “Money is simply purchasing power— something which buys things, it is anything which is habitually and widely used as a means of payment and is generally acceptable in the settlement of debts.”

(7) According to R.P. Kent. “Money is anything which is commonly used and generally accepted as a medium of exchange or as a standard value.”

It is evident from all above definitions that a common acceptance is a chief characteristic of money. But just describing qualities can’t be a complete definition. On the basis of the above definitions credit instruments can’t be considered as money since they are not accepted everywhere.

III. Legal Definitions:

Definitions based on state principles have been kept under this category. According to this principle only such a thing can be money which has been declared legally by the government. This category includes ideas of Prof. Knapp from Germany and British Economist Hartle.

(1) According to Knapp, “Anything which is declared money by state becomes money.”

(2) Hartle has also initially accepted the definitions given by Knapp, but he has amended this definition saying, “Money should not be defined only in terms of recognition by the government, but also as a unit of settlement of transactions.”

Definitions given on the Basis of Expansion:

There are three views regarding the meaning of money on the basis of expansion:

I. Definitions with Narrow Points of View:

The definition given by Robertson is kept in this category. Robertson and his associates held that “A commodity which is used to denote anything which is widely accepted in payment of goods or in discharge of other business obligations.”

If this definition is analysed, gold is the only thing which is acceptable to all countries for replacement. In this condition, money formed from gold or silver alone can be included in the definition of money. So, most of the economists held, the definition given by Robertson to be narrow.

II. Definitions with Broad Points of View:

Definition given by Hartle Withers can be included in this category! According to him, “Money is what money does.”

This definition is descriptive as well as universal. This definition can be termed as ‘everything in something’. According to this definition not only metals or currencies but also cheques, bill of exchanges, hundies and other credit instruments are included in money. But some economists consider that this definition is far more universal (broad) than what is needed. According to this definition credit instruments are also money, but nobody can be compelled to accept it for repayment.

III. Proper Definition:

On making a careful study of various definitions, we come to find that some economists have centered their attention on the acceptance of money, while some others have based their definitions on functions what it does.

The have to know the form of money, it can be defined as follows:

“Money is something which is accepted freely and widely as a medium of exchange; measuring value; final repayment of loans and accumulating values.”

Definitions Based on Viewpoints of Economists:

Harry G. Johnson has presented four viewpoints regarding the definition of money.

These include:

(1) Traditional Approach:

According to this viewpoint money is considered according to its function. So, all those things which act as money can be called money. On this basis, currencies and demand deposits are included in money. In this category Hartle Withers, Keynes, Kent, Crowther etc. get place for their definitions.

(2) Chicago Approach:

Economist of Chicago University has made the definition of money universal by accepting the traditional approach and at the same time including fixed term deposits and savings accounts deposits of commercial banks.

According to this approach:

Money = Currency + Demand Deposits + Fixed Deposits + Saving Bank Deposit.

(3) Gurley and Shaw Approach:

This approach includes savings deposits with non-banking financial institutions, debenture and bonds to Chicago approach.

So, according to this approach:

Money = Currency + Demand Deposits + Fixed Deposits + Saving Bank Deposits + Saving Deposits with Non-banking Financial Institutions, shares, debentures and bonds.

(4) Central Bank Approach:

According to this approach all kinds of credits are included in money. That is why; in the monetary policies of the Central Bank the amount of gross credit is considered.

Redcliff has also said, “Money means credits forwarded by various sources.”

Considering all these approaches it is evident that ‘Proper Definition’ which has already been defined is the best.

Term Paper # 3. Functions of Money:

Just like the definition, the functions of money have also drawn the economists into confusion.

Prof. Kinley has divided the functions of money into three categories where­as Prof. Chandler has considered the main function of money to ease transactions of goods and services. On the other hand there is an English poem in vogue about the function of money, “Money is a matter of four functions a medium, a measure, a standard, a store.”

But in practice, the functions of money are wide ranging. Considering the convenience of study, functions of money can be classified as follows:

(A) Primary Functions:

Primary functions of money are those functions which are applicable in any country in every time and circumstances.

Following two functions come in this category:

(1) Medium of Exchange:

Once upon a time barter system of exchange was in practice. Many difficulties had to be faced those days. Measuring the value of goods and the need of double coincidence of wants were big difficulties. Exchange has become very easy with the invention of money. Today, any goods or services can be sold in exchange of money and the commodities and services can be purchased with money. Thus money is the convenient means of exchange.

(2) Measure of Value:

It was a problem with the barter system that how many units of a commodity should be given in exchange for a certain units of a certain commodity. Now, every commodity and every service can be measured in money. Being a medium of exchange, money is also a medium of measure of value. It means that money is the only unit of measurement of exchange ratio between two commodities.

But it is also important to note that value of money changes from time to time. Consequently, gross measurement of money is still troublesome. Cloth is measured in meter and the length of meter is fixed and rice is measured in kilogram and kilogram is a fixed quantity. But the value of money is not still and it keeps changing. This creates difficulties in the economy of a country.

(B) Secondary Functions:

Functions which help in the primary functions of money are called secondary functions.

Following functions come in this category:

(1) Standard for Deferred Payments:

The present era is the era of credit. Credit plays an important role in the progress of any business. Credit is a system in which goods and services are exchanged or money is borrowed on the promise of future payments. The use of money has made the credit system quite easy.

In barter system future payments were made in commodities only. The lack of durability in the goods posed many problems in future payments. Money is more durable in comparison to commodities and so it becomes the basis of future payments.

(2) Store of Value:

Nobody knows what the future stores for him/her. So people want to do saving considering the needs to meet the expenses in diseases, marriage, old age etc. In the days of Barter System it was not possible to store commodities for a long period.

But the invention of money has eased the process of storing money or wealth. Banking system also operates using this characteristic of moneys. This feature of money promotes the tendency of saving which leads to capital formation and activates the economic development of a country.

(3) Transfer of Value:

Transfer of value plays an important role in the process of economic development of a country. Today, the scope of exchange is very vast. People are getting success in selling their immovable at a place and purchasing far off. Economic pace has increased due to this function of money.

(C) Contingent Functions:

Kinley has stated that money performs contingent functions besides primary and secondary functions.

Some of such functions are:

(1) Distribution of Income:

The work of production has become wide and complex in the present era. Various sources contribute in the work of production. Sources of production are paid for their contribution after selling the produced goods and getting money. The job of production is possible only due to this role of money. Thus, money is the basis of social distribution of income.

(2) Giving a General Form to Capital:

Money has the maximum liquidity among all forms of capital. That is why a capital in the form of money can be brought into any use. Due to liquidity of money, capital can be drawn from the less productive areas into more productive areas.

(3) Basis of Credit:

Credit instruments are increasingly being used these days. Cheques, bank drafts, bill of exchange, hundi etc. are commonly used for payments. But money is hidden in these credit instruments. Banks issue drafts or allow the use of cheques against liquid money only. Thus, money does the work of credit.

(4) Maximum Satisfaction:

Every consumer wants to get maximum satisfaction. To achieve maximum satisfaction, he wants to spend his income to meet various needs in such a way that he can get equal marginal utility from every commodity. This is possible only through the use of money.

Other Functions:

Besides the functions started above, money does some other functions as well.

A few of these are:

(1) Liquidity:

Money gives liquidity to assets. Due to liquidity, money can be used for any purpose.

(2) Bearer of Option:

We know that money has purchasing power. This purchasing power is of both kinds—present and future. People store money to meet future needs and use that money in future according to their own wishes.

(3) Guarantor of Solvency:

Every person or firm keeps sufficient money in reserve to maintain the ability of solvency. If they don’t have sufficient money for repayment of loans, they lose their ability of solvency and they are declared to be insolvent. Thus, money works as an indicator of guarantee of ability of solvency.

Term Paper # 4. Nature of Money:

It is just a nature of money that serves as means, not as ends. People had been fulfilling their needs through the barter system since ancient times. Invention of money has made this exchange convenient. Today, money plays a crucial role in trade of goods and services, but still it is nothing in itself.

Generally these are misconceptions in the mind of people that having money means having everything. For example, people usually think that if one has eyes, one can see everything. But if somebody is asked in a dark room about the things he is able to see he would answer that he is not able to see anything. It means eyes can see only with the help of light. So, money doesn’t have any value of its own.

Human beings desire to get money as it satisfies various needs. So, it is proved that money is only a means not an end. According to Prof. Pigou, “Money is a garment draped around the body of economic life.” That means money is only a cover (garment), but the main work is done by commodities or services. In other words, money is just a veil, hiding economic strengths.

Term Paper # 5. Importance of Money:

Importance of Money in Modern Economy:

Money plays very important role in the economic life. In today’s world everything whether production, consumption, distribution, saving, investment, employment is influenced by money. According to Prof. Marshall, “Money is a centre around which economic science clusters.”

In fact, he is an owner or a labourer; a teacher or a student; or it is science or literature; employment or saving money is important for everybody and everywhere. Considering the importance of money, Crowther has said, “Money is a basic invention among all the inventions by human beings.”

Money has the following importance in the modern economy:

(1) Basis of Production:

All those sources (or resources) which are used in production are purchased using money. For example, raw materials, machines, labour etc. are obtained after spending money. Again produced goods are sold for money. Without money, raw materials, machines, labour etc., cannot be purchased nor can they be sold. So, money is the basis of production.

(2) Basis of Credit:

It is the era of credit. Credit is also the basis of banking system. Deferred payments are also made using money. If there is no money, the credit system will end.

(3) Capital Formation:

Money helps in capital formation. Everybody earns for livelihood. He also saves some part of his earning for future. When this saving is deposited in any financial institution, it is called investment. This investment is on the basis of capital formation and this capital formation leads to trade and industry development in the economy.

(4) International Co-Operation:

International co-operation in the field of finance, commerce, credit etc. brings economic development. The uses of money also bring closeness among different countries of the world. This strengthens political and cultural relationship. Thus, money plays an important role in promoting international co-operation.

(5) Unit of Account:

Money is a medium to measure the value of any commodity. Thus, it does the function of a unit of book and account. The barter system which existed before the invention of money had no unit of account.

(6) Mobility of Capital:

As a liquid asset, money has the quality of mobility. It can be easily carried from one place to another. A person settling in a place different from his present settlement cannot carry his building or any other immovable assets, but he can sell these assets to acquire money and use that money to purchase the desired assets at the new place.

(7) Mirror of National Progress:

Money market is well developed today. It not only helps in monetary exchange, but also gives so many different indications. A country that has stability in the value of money or least fluctuation is considered to be a developing country. On the contrary, a country is considered to be economically weak if its money has a normal tendency to fall in its value. Thus, money works as the mirror of national progress.

(8) Knowledge about Per Capita Income:

The level of standard of living of citizens of a country is measured on the basis of their per capita income. Now, the per capita income can be measured only in money. It also helps in measuring the prosperity of the country.

(9) Foundation of Capitalism:

It is the era of capitalism. Money is a vital need in such an economy. Financial institutions have taken birth only after the invention of money. It has also led to the availability of capital. So, money is the basis of capitalism.

(10) Freedom from Evils of Barter System:

Barter System gave rise to many difficulties. For example—lack of double coincidence of wants, difficulties in division of goods, difficulties in measuring the value, difficulties in deferred payment, difficulties in storage etc. But money made all exchange easy.

Importance of Money in Planned Economy:

‘Planned Economy’ means predicting the needs of the country for a certain period by the agencies of the country. It is specially taken care in a planned economy that the stability of the value of money is maintained. The reason is simple—if the value of the money drops the investment in planning goes up. In this condition, extra money will be needed to complete the planning. With this, it is also tried that the foreign exchange rate should be stable.

The planned economy can be of two types—’Socialist Economy’ and ‘Mixed Economy’. ‘Socialist Economy’ is the form of economy in which the wages, amount of production, varieties of production, distribution system, prices etc. are controlled by the state. The prime objective of economic activities is not earning profits. So, money doesn’t have an important place in a mixed economy.

Robert Oven has said, “The motive of profit is the prime cause of class- distribution, class-struggle and exploitation in the society and this motive of profit rises due to money. So money should be eliminated”. Simply, Karl Marx has analysed the Theory of Surplus value’ and considered money and cash payment system to be full of drawbacks. According to him, “Money is the main cause of exploitation.”

In his opinion, if money is eliminated, the barter system would automatically come into action. Marx’s opinions about money were decided to be given the practical form after the Bolsheviks came into power in Russia in 1917. He felt that if there is a detailed direct control and distribution of commodities by the government, the use of money could be brought to one end.

But real situations and practical difficulties clarified it within a very short time that these concepts were illusions. Lenin accepted that it was a mistake of Bolsheviks to reject money. Trolsky, too, had accepted the need of money saying that it is essential to speculate the economic planning in commercial terms and for this there is a need of powerful unit of money.

These days, Russia and China come in the category of socialist countries. In these countries the prices are determined by the government, but the prices of goods and rate of exchanges are measured in money only. This proves that the income of money can’t be denied even in a socialist economy.

The main causes behind this situation are:

(1) Difficulty in Making Payment:

In the absence of money, it would be very difficult to pay wages, rents, salaries, dividend etc. If the payments have to be made in goods there would be the need of setting a big network of supply of different commodities under the government control. The number of labourers in a country is very large. So, making payments in goods is impossible.

(2) Difficulty in Money Measurement:

If there would be the barter system in place of money, it would be a big question as to which substance would be the basis of value measurement. If different substances are taken as basis of measurement in different parts of the country, it would cause an economic inequality. Now the important and decisive fact is that if anything has to be used as the basis of value measurement, the best option is money.

Even in a capitalist economy, there is a need of huge capital for the foundation of industries and capital formation is impossible without money.

(4) Difficulty in Foreign Trade:

There was a time when international trade was carried by the socialist countries on the basis of bilateral agreements. But it puts a limitation to foreign trade. Now since trade has been globalised, even the socialist countries consider money to be the best option for making payments. Russia, one of the biggest among the socialist countries, is also making payments in money.

As far as the importance of money in the mixed economy is concerned, the first thing to know is that in a mixed economy some production activities are carried by the government and some are in the private hands. Money has the same place in a mixed economy. Most of the countries follow mixed economy in the present era.

The condition is applied to the developed as well as developing or semi-developed countries. The USA and England have mixed economy. India has also adopted the mixed economy to promote the rate of development. Here, the public sector is controlled by the government but the private sector is also encouraged. Money plays an important role in all these activities.

Term Paper # 6. Role of Money in Economic Life:

Money plays a very important role in human life. According to Prof. Marshall, “Money is the pivot around which the whole economic science clusters.” Similarly P. B. Trescott has said, “If money is not the heart of our economic system, it can certainly be considered as its blood stream.”

Money has the following importance in various aspects of Economics:

(1) In the Field of Consumption:

Consumption has the highest place among all economic activities. If there is no consumption the activities of production, demand, supply etc. would come to an end. People use goods and services to fulfill their various needs. Consumers seek maximum satisfaction from their consumption. For this they want to spend their income in various commodities so that they can able to get marginal utility. The concept of Law of Equi-Marginal utility given by Gossen is based on this hypothesis.

Money is the basis of the whole activity of consumption. Income is the basis of consumption and it is indicated in money only. Again the quantity of consumption of a certain goods is determined in money only. Thus money is important with respect to consumption.

(2) In the Field of Production:

Land, capital, labour and organisation are sources of production. These sources can be achieved only with the help of money. The cost of production and selling price are determined in money only. Money encourages savings and savings create capital formation.

The faster process of capital formation in the country is the cause for the higher rate of production because capital plays an important role in setting up of industries. Money is a liquid asset, so it can be made active and hence more productive. The modern division of labour and specialisation are based on money itself. All the factors of production are paid in money only.

(3) In the Field of Exchange:

The production of a commodity is relevant only when it can be sold. The selling price of a commodity depends on its cost of production. In determining the cost of production, some direct expenditure as well as indirect like depreciation, insurance etc., are included.

These expenditures are measured in money only and on the basis of these expenditures the selling price of the commodity is determined. Thus, money plays an important role in the field of exchange. It also promotes international trade. Money is also the basis of credit.

(4) In the Field of Distribution:

Once the production is completed, rent to the landowner, interest to the capital provider, wages for labourer, profit to the entrepreneur etc. have to be distributed i.e., paid in money. The returns for all these are not possible without money. Thus money has a special place in the just distribution of the required national income.

(5) In the Field of Public Finance:

The government plays an important role in the nation’s progress. The government meets the expenditures in the interest of public with public income. The area of public expenditure is very large in any country. Its prediction and expenditure both can be fulfilled by money only. The collections of various kinds of taxes levied by the government are not possible without money. Thus, money has an important place in the field of finance as well.

Term Paper # 7. Circular Flow of Money:

There is a circular flow of money in economy. Money that a consumer uses to purchase goods and services reaches to the producer via mediators. Again, from the producer money goes to the consumers by the medium of wages, salaries, rents, profits etc. This cycle moves on.

If a part of wages, salaries, profits etc., goes to the government in the form of taxes, they are spent on the planning of economic welfare. This way money comes back to the consumers.

The above diagram shows clearly that service of production flows from households to industries and business houses where as monetary incomes flow in the opposite direction. Similarly monetary expenses flow from households to workshops and from workshops, goods and services flow towards the households.

On the other hand, services of production are purchased with money and goods as well as services are sold from workshops. As there is circular flow of money in the economy, an economic balance is maintained but a disturbance in the flow of money system leads to economic imbalance.

Out of the investment made in factories and industries if wages, salaries, income, rent etc. which go to the consumers are supposed to be Y and a part of it which the consumer spends is considered to be C (consumption) and the remaining that he saves is considered to be S (savings), we get an equation Y = C + S. Again, if this saving is turned into investment, the equation would be Y = C + I. This sequence in the economy is called the circular flow.

Term Paper # 8. Evils of Money:

Considering the above mentioned importance of money, it can be said that money is the basis of modern economy and it is a boon for human life. But sometimes it becomes a curse for the society as it gives rise to evil practices. Money is also the cause of many evil practices. So keeping in view the evils of money, it has been said, “Money is a good servant but a bad master.”

Evils of money can be classified as follows:

A. Economic Evils:

Economically, money has the following evils:

(1) Inflation and Deflation:

A big problem with money is that its value fluctuates. In this condition, the prices of commodities increase when the value of money reduces. Value of money is inversely proportional to price of commodity i.e. when the value of money increases then the price of the commodity decreases and vice versa. This leads to inflation and deflations. Both of these conditions are not good for the economy.

(2) Unequal Distribution of Income and Wealth:

Inflation and deflation brings profit for a section of the society and loss for other at the same time. Consequently, there is an unequal distribution of income and wealth.

(3) Class Struggle:

Everybody aspires to get money. The rich exploits the poor to get more and more money. As a result, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. This leads to class struggle in the society. Money is the root of struggle between capital and labour.

(4) Trade Cycles:

Economy addresses ‘booms’ and ‘depressions’ due to inflation and deflation of money. This affects income, employment, prices, savings and investments. Sometimes, this effect is positive and sometimes negative. When the trade cycle is negative, there are many fluctuations in the economy.

(5) Over-Capitalization:

With a rise in the flow of money in the economy, there is an increase in savings and investments. A big part of investment is in the industrial fields. If there are over-investments the return on investment decreases is also a problem of over-production. Over-production, too, leads to depression.

(6) Encouragement to Loan Tendency:

Individuals, society and nations try to show themselves prosperous. Money encourages loan tendency. People try to show themselves rich or prosperous even by taking loans. It is implied to every country.

B. Social Evils:

Money has following social evils:

(1) Social Respect:

It is commonly seen that somebody is considered respectable if he has a lot of money. Due to abundance of money, many of their drawbacks remain hidden. Due to this reason, intellect, labour, honesty etc., don’t get proper place in the society. This reduces social values.

(2) Tendency of Exploitation:

It is commonly seen that a prostitute is condemned for her work, but there are many other contemptible work in the form of various kinds of exploitation in the society. People don’t hesitate to exploit their subordinate in order to get more and more money. Very often voices are raised against exploitation by many organisations.

(3) Enmity:

In most cases, the root cause of enmity is money. There is a common visibility by enmity among brothers or relatives due to money. So, money reduces social peace and affection.

C. Moral Evils:

Money is also the mother of moral evils. It encourages theft, robbery, loot, murder, corruption, prostitution etc.

Conclusion:

On the bases of the above evils of money, it appears in the first glance that money is the root of all evilness, But it is not so in reality. If people control the use of money, it is a boon. That is why it is said, “Money is a good servant, but a bad master.”

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Student paper writing is a form of ghostwriting in which a student hires a writer to do a term or research paper, and the student gets credit for it. The paid essay writing service has been around for years, but, like other freelance jobs, the Internet has made it easier for writers and students to connect.

As a freelance writer looking for work, you may have encountered these jobs on writing websites, work-at-home job boards, or ads from harried students on Craigslist. If you have a website to promote your freelance business, a student may have contacted you directly.

Either way, the student paper industry is a real and viable way to make money as a freelance writer, if you have the right background and skills, and don't mind the questionable ethics behind it.

Students Who Need Academic Essays Written

Initially, the Internet made it easy for students to post completed essays online that other students could take and use as their own. Savvy teachers and professors caught on to this, and the rise of plagiarism checkers forced students, who didn't want to write their papers, to find an alternative.

There are several types of students who may hire writers to do their papers for them. In general, they fall into one or more of the categories below:

• Procrastinators who waited too long to get started on their paper: These students tend to contact you at the last minute, which means you can often charge more for rushed assignments.
• Lacking self-confidence to tackle a big assignment: These are students who tend to reach out ahead of time, with a little leeway on the due date.
• Students for which English is a second language : For these students, writing papers for U.S. schools is difficult.
• Lazy students: These students lack the drive to do the work themselves and have the money to pay someone to do it for them.

Why Get Paid to Write Student Papers?

Why would a writer agree to write a student's paper? Looking past the ethical considerations, there are several reasons a writer might add academic writing to their menu of services.

• Enjoy academic topics: If you did well in school, remember the books you read and lessons you learned, and like to research, then writing student essays would allow you to use what you've already learned.
• Pays decently compared to content writing: Writing student papers usually pays several hundred dollars. This, of course, depends on the level you're writing at, how long the paper is, and the time you have to write it. On average you'll be paid $9 to $15 per page (double spaced), more for graduate-level papers.
• Steady work: Freelance writing work can ebb and flow, which can make it stressful during ebb times. However, there seems to always be students who need writers for their essays and papers.
• Quick payment: Some writing gigs can take weeks, if not months, to pay you. Student writing through a company usually pays weekly.
• Flexible work: You can work when and where you want, as long as you meet the deadline

Along with writing papers, there are services that involve providing research and editing help, especially with theses and dissertations. This type of work is more palatable for writers who don't feel writing students' papers is ethical. However, thesis and dissertation work usually requires an advanced degree.

Finding Student Paper Writing Jobs

The safest and easiest way to write student papers for pay is to go through one of the many companies that offer this service to students. Each will have their own criteria, but in most cases, you'll, at the very least, need a:

• College degree or higher
• Sample of your writing
• Knowledge of style guides , such as APA and MLA
• Experience in formatting footnotes, citations, and bibliography

When hired, you'll sign a contract that outlines what you're paid and when.

You can offer student essay writing directly through your freelance writing business, as well. In that case, you just need to prove to the student you can do the work, and arrange payment through PayPal or check, delivering the work via email in a Word or other document format that the student can edit.

For the writer, there are a few challenges in not using a company. For one thing, the person hiring you is a cheater, and if they'd cheat at school, he or she might try to cheat you. For that reason, you should demand full payment upfront, or not deliver the paper until the payment is made.

Why You Shouldn't Write Student Papers

There are challenges and cons to writing student papers for pay. For one, especially for college entrance exam essays, it can be difficult to match a student’s tone and voice. You may be a talented writer, but it stands to reason that your customer is not. How polished, exactly, should this work be without giving away that the student isn't the writer? This will depend on the topic and level of the course the paper is written for. Some companies frame their service as "model" papers, with the expectation that the student will take the paper and tweak it, sort of like private label rights, to make it their own.

Another issue is the research or reading inherent in college-level work. You might be able to write a three-page essay in an hour, earning $45 per hour, but if you have to read a book or other literature first, or do research, that will significantly lower your per-hour earnings.

The main consideration in this type of work is ethics. A writer who does this type of work is helping a student cheat. While not illegal, the freelance writer should understand that this doesn't mean it’s free of consequences. The student risks expulsion, if discovered. For the writer, it can hurt his or her reputation. Ask yourself what your cost would be, were it known, that you engage in this kind of work.

As mentioned earlier, some service providers get around the ethics question by insisting that the writing they sell to students are unique model papers that the student is supposed to use to help them learn. But chances are good that the student puts their name on the delivered product and turns it in.

Of course, as a freelance writer, you need to pay the bills, and so if you're in a bind, and need to make decent money quickly, student paper writing can help. Especially if you consider that the student is going to pay someone to write the paper. Why not you?

Alternatives to Writing Student Essays

If you're not comfortable with this type of freelance writing work, you do have other options, such as:

• Book reviewing : If you enjoy reading and writing about what you read, this is the ideal freelance job.
• Editing, indexing, and research support to Masters and Doctoral students: In this case, you're helping a student with the paper they've researched and will write or have written.
• Ghostwriting: Similar to student writing, you're providing content that someone else will take credit for, but it's not academic cheating.
• Article writing : There are many magazines and websites that accept long-form articles that are well-researched, interesting, and provocative. Check the Writer’s Market book or website, or do a search within your particular niche area.

The bottom line is that essay and term paper writing is a service that students are willing to pay for, and it’s probably not going away any time in the near future. You have to decide for yourself if this is a freelance writing option you feel comfortable tackling.

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Home » Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Definition:

Term paper is a type of academic writing assignment that is typically assigned to students at the end of a semester or term. It is usually a research-based paper that is meant to demonstrate the student’s understanding of a particular topic, as well as their ability to analyze and synthesize information from various sources.

Term papers are usually longer than other types of academic writing assignments and can range anywhere from 5 to 20 pages or more, depending on the level of study and the specific requirements of the assignment. They often require extensive research and the use of a variety of sources, including books, articles, and other academic publications.

Term Paper Format

The format of a term paper may vary depending on the specific requirements of your professor or institution. However, a typical term paper usually consists of the following sections:

• Title page: This should include the title of your paper, your name, the course name and number, your instructor’s name, and the date.
• Abstract : This is a brief summary of your paper, usually no more than 250 words. It should provide an overview of your topic, the research question or hypothesis, your methodology, and your main findings or conclusions.
• Introduction : This section should introduce your topic and provide background information on the subject. You should also state your research question or hypothesis and explain the importance of your research.
• Literature review : This section should review the existing literature on your topic. You should summarize the key findings and arguments made by other scholars and identify any gaps in the literature that your research aims to address.
• Methodology: This section should describe the methods you used to collect and analyze your data. You should explain your research design, sampling strategy, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques.
• Results : This section should present your findings. You can use tables, graphs, and charts to illustrate your data.
• Discussion : This section should interpret your findings and explain what they mean in relation to your research question or hypothesis. You should also discuss any limitations of your study and suggest areas for future research.
• Conclusion : This section should summarize your main findings and conclusions. You should also restate the importance of your research and its implications for the field.
• References : This section should list all the sources you cited in your paper using a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
• Appendices : This section should include any additional materials that are relevant to your study but not essential to your main argument (e.g., survey questions, interview transcripts).

Structure of Term Paper

Here’s an example structure for a term paper:

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Thesis statement

II. Literature Review

A. Overview of current literature on the topic

B. Discussion of key themes and findings from literature

C. Identification of gaps in current literature

III. Methodology

A. Description of research design

B. Discussion of data collection methods

C. Explanation of data analysis techniques

IV. Results

A. Presentation of findings

B. Analysis and interpretation of results

C. Comparison of results with previous studies

V. Discussion

A. Summary of key findings

B. Explanation of how results address the research questions

C. Implications of results for the field

VI. Conclusion

A. Recap of key points

B. Significance of findings

C. Future directions for research

VII. References

A. List of sources cited in the paper

How to Write Term Paper

Here are some steps to help you write a term paper:

• Choose a topic: Choose a topic that interests you and is relevant to your course. If your professor has assigned a topic, make sure you understand it and clarify any doubts before you start.
• Research : Conduct research on your topic by gathering information from various sources such as books, academic journals, and online resources. Take notes and organize your information systematically.
• Create an outline : Create an outline of your term paper by arranging your ideas and information in a logical sequence. Your outline should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
• Write a thesis statement: Write a clear and concise thesis statement that states the main idea of your paper. Your thesis statement should be included in your introduction.
• Write the introduction: The introduction should grab the reader’s attention, provide background information on your topic, and introduce your thesis statement.
• Write the body : The body of your paper should provide supporting evidence for your thesis statement. Use your research to provide details and examples to support your argument. Make sure to organize your ideas logically and use transition words to connect paragraphs.
• Write the conclusion : The conclusion should summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.
• Edit and proofread: Edit and proofread your term paper carefully to ensure that it is free of errors and flows smoothly. Check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Format and cite your sources: Follow the formatting guidelines provided by your professor and cite your sources properly using the appropriate citation style.
• Submit your paper : Submit your paper on time and according to the instructions provided by your professor.

Term Paper Example

Here’s an example of a term paper:

Title : The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity

As the world becomes more digitally interconnected, cybersecurity threats are increasing in frequency and sophistication. Traditional security measures are no longer enough to protect against these threats. This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity, including how AI can be used to detect and respond to threats in real-time, the challenges of implementing AI in cybersecurity, and the potential ethical implications of AI-powered security systems. The paper concludes with recommendations for organizations looking to integrate AI into their cybersecurity strategies.

Introduction :

The increasing number of cybersecurity threats in recent years has led to a growing interest in the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve cybersecurity. AI has the ability to analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate a security breach. Additionally, AI can automate responses to threats, allowing for faster and more effective mitigation of security incidents. However, there are also challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, such as the need for large amounts of high-quality data, the potential for AI systems to make mistakes, and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI in security.

Literature Review:

This section of the paper reviews existing research on the use of AI in cybersecurity. It begins by discussing the types of AI techniques used in cybersecurity, including machine learning, natural language processing, and neural networks. The literature review then explores the advantages of using AI in cybersecurity, such as its ability to detect previously unknown threats and its potential to reduce the workload of security analysts. However, the review also highlights some of the challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, such as the need for high-quality training data and the potential for AI systems to be fooled by sophisticated attacks.

Methodology :

To better understand the challenges and opportunities associated with using AI in cybersecurity, this paper conducted a survey of cybersecurity professionals working in a variety of industries. The survey included questions about the types of AI techniques used in their organizations, the challenges they faced when implementing AI in cybersecurity, and their perceptions of the ethical implications of using AI in security.

The results of the survey showed that while many organizations are interested in using AI in cybersecurity, they face several challenges when implementing these systems. These challenges include the need for high-quality training data, the potential for AI systems to be fooled by sophisticated attacks, and the difficulty of integrating AI with existing security systems. Additionally, many respondents expressed concerns about the ethical implications of using AI in security, such as the potential for AI to be biased or to make decisions that are harmful to individuals or society as a whole.

Discussion :

Based on the results of the survey and the existing literature, this paper discusses the potential benefits and risks of using AI in cybersecurity. It also provides recommendations for organizations looking to integrate AI into their security strategies, such as the need to prioritize data quality and to ensure that AI systems are transparent and accountable.

Conclusion :

While there are challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, the potential benefits of using these systems are significant. AI can help organizations detect and respond to threats more quickly and effectively, reducing the risk of security breaches. However, it is important for organizations to be aware of the potential ethical implications of using AI in security and to take steps to ensure that these systems are transparent and accountable.

References:

• Alkhaldi, S., Al-Daraiseh, A., & Lutfiyya, H. (2019). A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Cyber Security. Journal of Information Security, 10(03), 191-207.
• Gartner. (2019). Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2020. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-top-10-strategic-technology-trends-for-2020/
• Kshetri, N. (2018). Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 80-89.
• Lipton, Z. C. (2018). The mythos of model interpretability. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.03490.
• Schneier, B. (2019). Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-Connected World. WW Norton & Company.
• Wahab, M. A., Rahman, M. S., & Islam, M. R. (2020). A Survey on AI Techniques in Cybersecurity. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 11(2), 22-27.

When to Write Term Paper

A term paper is usually a lengthy research paper that is assigned to students at the end of a term or semester. There are several situations when writing a term paper may be required, including:

• As a course requirement: In most cases, a term paper is required as part of the coursework for a particular course. It may be assigned by the instructor as a way of assessing the student’s understanding of the course material.
• To explore a specific topic : A term paper can be an excellent opportunity for students to explore a specific topic of interest in-depth. It allows them to conduct extensive research on the topic and develop their understanding of it.
• To develop critical thinking skills : Writing a term paper requires students to engage in critical thinking and analysis. It helps them to develop their ability to evaluate and interpret information, as well as to present their ideas in a clear and coherent manner.
• To prepare for future academic or professional pursuits: Writing a term paper can be an excellent way for students to prepare for future academic or professional pursuits. It can help them to develop the research and writing skills necessary for success in higher education or in a professional career.

Purpose of Term Paper

The main purposes of a term paper are:

• Demonstrate mastery of a subject: A term paper provides an opportunity for students to showcase their knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. It requires students to research and analyze the topic, and then present their findings in a clear and organized manner.
• Develop critical thinking skills: Writing a term paper requires students to think critically about their subject matter, analyzing various sources and viewpoints, and evaluating evidence to support their arguments.
• Improve writing skills : Writing a term paper helps students improve their writing skills, including organization, clarity, and coherence. It also requires them to follow specific formatting and citation guidelines, which can be valuable skills for future academic and professional endeavors.
• Contribute to academic discourse : A well-written term paper can contribute to academic discourse by presenting new insights, ideas, and arguments that add to the existing body of knowledge on a particular topic.
• Prepare for future research : Writing a term paper can help prepare students for future research, by teaching them how to conduct a literature review, evaluate sources, and formulate research questions and hypotheses. It can also help them develop research skills that they can apply in future academic or professional endeavors.

Advantages of Term Paper

There are several advantages of writing a term paper, including:

• In-depth exploration: Writing a term paper allows you to delve deeper into a specific topic, allowing you to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
• Improved writing skills: Writing a term paper involves extensive research, critical thinking, and the organization of ideas into a cohesive written document. As a result, writing a term paper can improve your writing skills significantly.
• Demonstration of knowledge: A well-written term paper demonstrates your knowledge and understanding of the subject matter, which can be beneficial for academic or professional purposes.
• Development of research skills : Writing a term paper requires conducting thorough research, analyzing data, and synthesizing information from various sources. This process can help you develop essential research skills that can be applied in many other areas.
• Enhancement of critical thinking : Writing a term paper encourages you to think critically, evaluate information, and develop well-supported arguments. These skills can be useful in many areas of life, including personal and professional decision-making.
• Preparation for further academic work : Writing a term paper is excellent preparation for more extensive academic projects, such as a thesis or dissertation.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Term paper definition

Term paper, as defined by the Cambridge Dictionary, is the main research paper written by a student for a particular class or subject during the academic year. A term paper needs to be well-researched and written with technical proficiency. In order to effectively demonstrate your understanding of a particular course, this academic writing assignment must be well-written, analytical, and organized, which can be quite difficult for the majority of students. Essentially, a long, research-based assignment on a particular topic is a term paper.

How to write a term paper?

Term papers typically include between 15 and 25 pages since any less is regarded as being incompetent and any more is excessive for any professor to read. Ideally, you should be able to choose the topic for your term paper, but avoid using topics professors find boring (You have better chances with a term paper entirely about the British term for toilet paper). Most term papers aim to assess your ability to construct and defend your arguments as well as situate yourself within a specific theoretical framework. So, your term paper outline should look like this:

• Cover page: Format the text that includes your name, the course number, the name of your teacher, and the due date.
• Abstract: Typically less than a page long and describes your work. It explains to readers the purpose of the term paper, the problem at hand, and why you thought the topic was fascinating or significant enough to write about.
• Introduction: The issue that will be discussed should be stated in the introduction. Write about the importance of the subject or issue at hand and how you intend to discuss or solve it.
• Body: The essential ideas from your research should be included in the text's body. Give background information about the subject so that the reader can comprehend the discussion.
• Results: Describe the reasons behind your beliefs about your subject based on your research. Bring everything you've been saying together with what you said in the introduction.
• Discussion: Conclude by summarizing and drawing a conclusion regarding the subject at hand, that encourages the reader to carry out further research on the topic.

Is there a service where I can buy a term paper online?

We completely understand if you are struggling with your college papers, and we are here to solve this. We are a team specializing in writing term papers and other assignments for college students and all other types of customers who need a helping hand in its making. We cover a great range of topics, offer perfect quality work, always deliver on time and aim to leave our customers completely satisfied with what they ordered. The ordering process is fully online, and it goes as follows:

• Select the topic and the deadline of your term paper.
• Provide us with any details, requirements, statements that should be emphasized, etc.
• Leave the email address, where your completed order will be sent to.
• Select your prefered payment type, sit back and relax!

With lots of experience on the market, professionally degreed writers, online 24/7 customer support and incredibly low prices, you won't find a service offering a better deal than ours.

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Campaign ads against Suozzi showed it's time to expose dark money sources

Representative Tom Suozzi, a Democrat from New York, at the US Capitol in Washington, DC, US, on Wednesday, Feb. 28, 2024. Photographer: Annabelle Gordon/Bloomberg Credit: Bloomberg/Annabelle Gordon

This guest essay reflects the views of Roger G. Wieand, senior researcher for campaign finance and ethics at Campaign Legal Center.

Just before the Super Bowl, New Yorkers were treated to a new television ad attacking Tom Suozzi, who ultimately won the special election to complete George Santos’ term representing the 3rd Congressional District.

What they didn’t know was that the ad had been paid for by a shadowy pop-up political group that exploited federal reporting deadlines to keep the sources of its money secret from voters until after votes had been cast.

The ad, called “Sanctuary Suozzi,” was paid for by a group called “Secure NYS PAC.” Despite existing for less than two months, it managed to raise and spend nearly $1.5 million on ads opposing Suozzi.

The group was a super PAC, a type of political committee that has flourished after the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2010 decision in Citizens United v. FEC. Super PACs are permitted to raise and spend unlimited sums on elections, including money from corporations and wealthy special interests.

The Supreme Court made clear that this spending must be openly disclosed to the public and independent of any candidate or political party. Federal campaign finance laws are supposed to ensure that voters know exactly who gives to super PACs.

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But some groups have developed ways to blatantly undermine that required transparency. By strategically timing its creation and funding around federal reporting deadlines, Secure NYS PAC was able to conceal from voters almost everyone who was giving it money to defeat Suozzi.

When New Yorkers went to the polls on Feb. 13, just $125,000 of Secure NYS PAC’s donations had been made public. The names of other contributors, like billionaire political donors Ronald Lauder, Stephen Schwarzman, and Kenneth Langone, were effectively kept secret until after the election.

Moreover, some donors gave money through obscure companies with names like “Molly LLC” (which gave $360,000), “LeMans LLC” ($100,000), and “Leon Rachel Corporation” ($100,000). These companies appear to exist only on paper — there’s no public record of them conducting any business, and no indication of who owns them or gave them money.

Secure NYS PAC is an illustration of a deeply concerning trend in which wealthy donors and political strategists have successfully concealed election spending from voters by undermining federal transparency laws.

Some super PACs also use this “pop-up” tactic to hide dishonest politicking or ties to the candidate. In 2020, “True Kentucky Patriots” spent millions to support a Libertarian Senate candidate. Only after the election was it revealed to be completely funded by a Democratic group trying to sap votes from Mitch McConnell.

Congress could act to stop this. One solution, the DISCLOSE Act, would make key changes to federal election laws to end secret spending. If the DISCLOSE Act were law, Secure NYS PAC would have been required to list its top five funders in its ads, and “traceback” requirements would have exposed who was behind the shell companies that quietly gave it large sums of cash. The bill has been introduced in every Congress since 2010 but has never passed both the House and Senate.

Instead, secret spending has ballooned into a fundamental feature of American politics. More than a billion dollars in “dark money” was spent in the 2020 election, and every year, wealthy individuals, corporations, and special interests find new ways to hide spending from voters.

Secure NYS PAC’s seven-figure secret spending operation is just a drop in an ocean of electoral spending that stays anonymous as voters cast ballots. 2024 is guaranteed to be the most expensive election in history. How much of that spending will be transparent?

THIS GUEST ESSAY reflects the views of Roger G. Wieand, senior researcher for campaign finance and ethics at Campaign Legal Center.

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What the Fed’s Moves Mean for Mortgages, Credit Cards and More

Higher rates benefit those who can save, but for borrowers falling rates would reduce bills on credit cards, home equity loans and other forms of debt.

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By Tara Siegel Bernard

• May 1, 2024 Updated 3:42 p.m. ET

American households who were hoping interest rates would soon decline will have to wait a bit longer.

The Federal Reserve kept its benchmark interest rate unchanged on Wednesday, noting that progress on cooling inflation had stalled.

The central bank has raised its key interest rate to 5.33 percent from near zero in a series of increases between March 2022 and last summer, and they’ve remained unchanged since then. The goal was to tamp down inflation, which has cooled considerably, but is still higher than the Fed would like, suggesting that interest rates could remain high for longer than previously expected.

For people with money stashed away in higher-yielding savings accounts, a continuation of elevated rates translates into more interest earnings. But for people saddled with high cost credit card debt, or aspiring homeowners who have been sidelined by higher interest rates, a lower-rate environment can’t come soon enough.

“U.S. consumers should be prepared to continue to face relatively high interest rates across a range of credit products for a while longer, with any potential rate decreases likely being pushed to later in 2024,” said Michele Raneri, vice president of U.S. research and consulting at TransUnion, one of the nation’s three largest consumer credit companies.

Here’s how different rates are affected by the Fed’s decisions — and where they stand.

Credit Cards

Credit card rates are closely linked to the central bank’s actions, which means that consumers with revolving debt have seen those rates quickly rise over the past couple of years. Increases usually occur within one or two billing cycles, but don’t expect them to fall quite as rapidly even when rates eventually decline.

“The urgency to pay down high-cost credit card or other debt is not diminished,” said Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate. “Interest rates took the elevator going up, but they’re going to take the stairs coming down.”

That means that consumers should prioritize repayment of higher-cost debt and take advantage of zero-percent and low-rate balance transfer offers when they can.

The average rate on credit cards with assessed interest was 22.63 percent at the end of March, according to the Federal Reserve , compared with 20.92 percent a year earlier and 16.17 percent at the end of March 2022, when the Fed began its series of rate increases.

Auto loan rates remain elevated, which, coupled with higher car prices, continues to squeeze affordability. But if interest rates won’t budge, then automakers and dealerships may have to find ways to incentivize buyers to stoke demand.

“As signs indicate that the Fed isn’t ready to cut rates just yet, the burden will shift to automakers to further subsidize interest rates and offer incentives if they want to sustain new vehicle sales,” said Joseph Yoon, a consumer insights analyst at Edmunds, an automotive research firm.

“In the used market, dealerships will have to decide if they are comfortable holding onto inventory longer or adjusting pricing down to meet consumers’ financial situations,” he added.

The average rate on new-car loans was 7.2 percent in March, according to Edmunds , up from 7 percent last March and 4.5 percent in the same month of 2022. Used-car rates were even higher: The average loan carried an 11.9 percent rate in March, up from 11.4 percent in the same month in 2023 and 8.1 percent in 2022.

Car loans tend to track with the yield on the five-year Treasury note, which is influenced by the Fed’s key rate — but that’s not the only factor that determines how much you’ll pay. A borrower’s credit history, the type of vehicle, the loan term and the down payment are all baked into that rate calculation.

Mortgage rates have again been on the rise, with the most popular loan crossing the 7 percent mark in recent weeks, making homeownership an even costlier proposition.

The average 30-year mortgage rate was 7.17 percent as of April 25, according to Freddie Mac, compared with 6.43 percent in the same week last year.

It’s been a volatile ride. Rates climbed as high as 7.79 percent in late October before dropping about a point lower and stabilizing — at least temporarily. “Going forward, mortgage rates will likely continue to fluctuate,” said Jacob Channel, senior economist at LendingTree, “and it’s impossible to say for certain where they’ll end up.”

Rates on 30-year fixed-rate mortgages don’t move in tandem with the Fed’s benchmark, but instead generally track with the yield on 10-year Treasury bonds, which are influenced by a variety of factors, including expectations about inflation, the Fed’s actions and how investors react.

Other home loans are more closely tethered to the central bank’s decisions. Home-equity lines of credit and adjustable-rate mortgages — which each carry variable interest rates — generally rise within two billing cycles after a change in the Fed’s rates. The average rate on a home-equity loan was 8.63 percent as of April 24, according to Bankrate , while the average home-equity line of credit was 9.10 percent.

Student Loans

Borrowers who hold federal student loans are not affected by the Fed’s actions because such debt carries a fixed rate set by the government.

But batches of new federal student loans are priced each July based on the 10-year Treasury bond auction in May. And those loan rates have climbed : Borrowers with federal undergraduate loans disbursed after July 1 (and before the upcoming July 1) will pay 5.5 percent, up from 4.99 percent for loans disbursed in the same period a year before. Just three years ago , rates were below 3 percent.

Graduate students taking out federal loans will also pay about half a point more than the rate from a year earlier, or about 7.05 percent on average, as will parents, at 8.05 percent on average.

Borrowers of private student loans have already seen rates climb because of previous rate increases: Both fixed- and variable-rate loans are linked to benchmarks that track the federal funds rate, the Fed’s benchmark rate.

Savings Vehicles

Savers tend to benefit when the federal funds rate is higher because many banks will pay more on their savings accounts — particularly if they want to attract more deposits. (Many banks earn money on the difference between their cost of funds, like deposits, and the interest rate they charge on loans.)

And online institutions tend to price their online savings accounts much more competitively than their brick-and-mortar counterparts.

Even though the Fed’s benchmark rate has remained unchanged, several online banks have begun to dial back the rates they pay to consumers because they expect the Fed to cut rates at some point this year. Certificates of deposit, which tend to track similarly dated Treasury securities, have already seen their rates drop multiple times this year.

The average one-year C.D. at online banks was 4.94 percent as of April 1, down from its peak yield of 5.35 percent in January, but up from 4.72 percent a year earlier, according to DepositAccounts.com . But you can still find one-year C.D.s with yields of more than 5 percent.

Most online banks have held their savings account rates relatively steady: The average yield on an online savings account was 4.43 percent as of April 1, down only slightly from a peak of 4.49 percent in January, according to DepositAccounts.com, and up from 3.76 percent a year ago. But several major online institutions have cut their rates a bit over the last couple of months — Ally Bank cut its online savings account to 4.25 percent from 4.35 percent, for example, and Marcus, by Goldman Sachs, now pays 4.40 percent, down from 4.50 percent.

Yields on money-market funds offered by brokerage firms are even more alluring because they’ve tracked the federal funds rate more closely. The yield on the Crane 100 Money Fund Index , which tracks the largest money-market funds, was 5.13 percent on April 30.

Tara Siegel Bernard writes about personal finance, from saving for college to paying for retirement and everything in between. More about Tara Siegel Bernard

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