106 Canadian History Essay Topics

What do you recall when asked about Canadian history? About controversial events or memorable individuals? Or maybe cross-cultural influences? As Canada has it all. By recognizing the complexity of its past, you can understand the current situation. Through Canada’s history, you can see its national identity and the richness of culture.

When choosing Canadian history topics for an assignment, try to select a focus for your paper from the get-go. Find an engaging event or perspective to write about and research it thoroughly. For that, check our list of Canadian topics for a school or college paper prepared by our team. Besides, see tips on writing your essay on the subject.

Let’s get started!

  • 😛 Topics: Kids
  • 🏫 Topics: High School
  • 🎓 Topics: University

🎖️ Canadian Topics on Military

🎨 canadian history topics on art.

  • ✒️ How to Write an Essay

❓ Canadian History Questions

🍁 good canadian history essay topics.

If you are trying to find a good Canadian history essay topic, then you are in the right place. Here you’ll see ideas according to age and school grade. It should help you to navigate and get inspired for the essay writing.

It doesn’t matter if you are a first-grade student or an undergraduate student. This list will be useful for everyone. You don’t have to stick to your age group; it’s only our recommendation. The offered topics vary from sports, food, culture, economy.

😛 Canadian History Essay Topics for Kids

  • Where does the word “Canada” come from?
  • Indigenous people in Canada . The three categories of indigenous people in Canada are Inuit, Metis, and First Nations. In this essay, children can talk about each group’s cultural identity and their homeland. How do these groups differ from one another?

The focus of a history essay should be on one historical aspect.

  • The voyageurs and Canadian indigenous people
  • Under the French Rule. This topic is quite broad. You can focus on the ways French shaped Canadian culture. Or talk about food, language, and any other aspect they find interesting. There is a lot to discuss!
  • Canada’s role in the First World War. This 20th century Canada history essay topic teach several valuable historical lessons. First, kids can enlarge their understanding of the First War War. Why did Canada have to enter the conflict? What role did the Canadian army play in this conflict?
  • Canada in the Second World War and how did the war affect the country.
  • The Canadian Constitution
  • History of hockey in Canada . Hockey is regarded as the national game in Canada. It plays a massive role in the way people perceive Canada in the international arena. Discuss the significance of the game. Mention where it originated and who brought it to Canada.
  • The life of Samuel de Champlain
  • Maple Syrup as the Symbol of Canadian Culture . Maple syrup is one of Canada’s proudest products. It has a long history of production and distribution. How had Native Canadians been making this delicious sugary treat in the past? How did Europeans evolve their methods?
  • History of Canadian Eastern Bunny
  • The Acadian Culture . The Acadians are the Native Canadian people of the region. They are the descendants of French colonizers who settled in a beautiful area of Acadia. They speak a very distinct version of French called Acadian French. School students and kids can explore their food, their culture, literature, and music of the Acadians.
  • Holidays of the First Natives
  • The Causes of Canadian Confederation

🏫 Canadian History Essay Topics: High School

  • The Aboriginals and Europeans
  • First World War and the role of Canada. This is an interesting Canadian history essay topic for a high school student. Especially if you are looking to write about a significant world event from a non-European perspective.In this work, you can address several issues: Canadian sovereignty, colonial influence, and relationships within the country. Plus, examine in which ways this war changed the country.
  • Women’s rights during the First World War. Canadian women play a massive role in the country. Though it wasn’t always this way. Before the First World War, Canadian women had a small role in political and social affairs. It all changed during the war. Women had to take more responsibility, supporting social life and war efforts. It allowed them to be heard. Discuss the positive effects the First World War had on the emancipation of women in Canada.

The wars has affected Canadian women.

  • World War I and its influence on Canada
  • The political climate in the 1920s
  • An Anti-Liquor Legislation in Canada
  • The Great Depression’s influence on the Canadian identity . Students usually study this period of Canadian history in the 10th Grade. Elaborate on how the Great Depression affected the political and economic situation.
  • Second World War and Canada before, during, and after the war
  • Trudeau’s Era and how his policies changed the country
  • The Settlers influence on the Canadian economy
  • History: Native Canadians and Indian Act Essay
  • The impact of the Great Depression on Canada . Explore one of the most significant events in Canadian history. Elaborate why Canada got so severely affected by the crisis, especially in the prairie areas. In the end, describe the process of recovery. What steps did the government have to take to help people and the economy to get back on track?
  • The history of Canada through immigration . Canada is one of the few countries in the world that is very generous towards immigrants. Why do Canadians have this “open arms attitude”? What influenced the immigration policies?

🎓 Canadian History Essay Topics: University

  • No American Slavery and Canada
  • Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada
  • Bilingualism and Bilingual Identity in Canada
  • The Perception of WWI as an “English War”. It is not a secret that the vast majority of Canadians viewed WWI as an “English War.” At that time, the nation’s ties to Great Britain were solid. After Great Britain declared the war, Canada entered it automatically. In this essay, you can talk about common sentiment.
  • Canada’s International Relationships during the two World Wars
  • Social Conflicts in Canada at the beginning of the 20th Century
  • The 20th Century Immigration Waves. Canada is the country built by immigrants. This essay is a great way to explore Canada’s immigrant success. See what policies have been implemented in the 20th century to promote immigration.
  • The role of women’s labor in British Columbia
  • Wall Street Market Crash in 1929 and how it changed Canada
  • Colonization and Aboriginal People’s Loss of Connection to the Land . Talk about “the colonial wound” that the aboriginal people experienced. They lost the connection to the land, to the language, to the core of their identity. Explore the fur trade, the treaties, the residential schools, the Indian act. Think about how it could have affected the people.

A good topic for a high school or college essay, or as a term paper.

  • Economic Boost in Canada after WWII. Like many countries in the world, Canada experienced an economic boost after the war. Mention the transformation that the country experienced in the industrial sector.
  • Social and Economic Change in Canada after WWII.
  • The relationships between English and French Canadians . Anglophone and Francophone relationships in Canada were not always smooth. There was tension back in the 20th century, which led to the separation between the two groups. Comment on the principal reasons for the tension. How does bilingualism fit into modern Canada?
  • Mi’kmaq in Culture and in Religion
  • Canadian Multiculturalism on Race and Ethnicity
  • Feminism in Canada
  • The Correlation between Art History and the history of Canada . This essay gives a unique opportunity to look at the history of Canada through art history. Art is a subjective way to process reality, but at the same time, it’s one of the purest forms of history. It focuses on people and their emotions rather than dates and places. A good topic for anyone who likes art and history!
  • Overlooked Persons: Women, Workers, & “Others” in 19th Century “Ontario.”

Canadian military history is rich. It starts with the Indigenous Welfare, continues with the French and Iroquois Wars. Then, there are British and French Conflicts, French and Indian Wars. In modern history, the Canadian Army participated in both World Wars. Besides, it took part in the Korean War, in the Gulf War, in the Afghan War, the Cold War, and many others.

Canadian links to Great Britain and the US are very strong. That’s why it usually supports large multinational coalitions. It does not declare wars, but still, you can see the Canadian army forces present.

Nevertheless, Canada tries to remain committed to peacekeeping efforts. It participated in every UN peacekeeping effort from its inception until 1988.

This list focuses on the interesting Canadian military history essay topics.

  • Canadian army in Vietnam. Officially, the Canadian Army did not declare the war against Vietnam. However, recent papers revealed that in 1971 Canada was actively supporting the US army. Additionally, 30.000 Canadians volunteered to serve in the American Army during the war. It could be a debatable essay with a lot of historical evidence.
  • What role did Canada play during the Cold War? Canada was a founding member of NATO. It played a significant role during the Cold War. Even though it was an American ally, it had a different foreign policy. School students can try to elaborate on the relationships between Canada and the Soviet Union. Comment on post-war paranoia, as well as anti-Communist propaganda. Talk about hockey and the famous Canada versus Soviet Union series.
  • Canada’s Involvement in WWII: the causes and effects

More than 45,000 Canadians gave their lives during WWII and another 55,000 were wounded.

  • The Canadian Army in the two World Wars
  • Aboriginals in the Canadian Army. This research paper can focus on the role the aboriginals played and are playing in the Canadian Army. Nowadays, more than 1000 Native Canadians serve in the Army. They represent more than 55 languages and almost 650 different tribes. Examine the role of the indigenous troops in the World Wars.
  • A history of women in the Canadian Army
  • The Canadian military history since 2000
  • The Military Involvement of Canada in the Korean War
  • The Canadian Army in Afghanistan. Critically examine Canadian Involvement in the conflict in Afghanistan. What was the World’s response? What was the Canadian contribution to the campaign against terrorism? Include some numbers and figures into the essay to make it factual.
  • Is Canada a peacekeeping country? Canada tries to play a significant role in peacekeeping efforts, taking part in many related missions in the past years. You can analyze the deployments and missions. What solutions did the Canadian Army promote? Is it possible to keep neutrality in the conflicts?
  • Canadian military funding
  • Patriotism and Nationalism in Canada
  • How the First World War Changed Canada
  • The Beaver Wars. Several questions can be asked: why was beaver fur so critical in the Beaver Wars? What caused the Beaver Wars? What was the outcome of these conflicts?
  • Canada and the American Revolution
  • Invasion of Quebec
  • Canada and the Soviet Union. If you decide to write an essay about Canada-Soviet Union relations, you will not regret it. The relationships did not start until 1941, but it evolved significantly during the 20th century. Talk about Pierre Trudeau’s role in changing them for the best and think why he wanted to lessen the ties with the US. What about cultural relations between these two nations? What about hockey?

Canadian Art becomes increasingly popular around the world. Nevertheless, Canada is a young nation, and the creation of Canadian Art is in process. There is still a long and fascinating journey ahead.

Canadian visual art tradition started at the beginning of the 19th. The most celebrated artists were immigrants. For instance, an Irish artist Paul Kane or a Dutch painter Cornelius Krieghoff.

Only at the beginning of the 20th century, Canadian art became genuinely Canadian. Let’s see the most peculiar Canadian Art History essay topics:

  • The alternative realism of Kent Monkman
  • First Nations Imagery in Emily Carr’s works. Emily Carr was one of the most influential artists in Canada. The Indigenous people inspired her, and her art reflects it. Learn about the artist, understand the work, and what she was trying to say with her art.
  • Love and Loss in Maria Chapdelaine
  • The Great War in the works of J.E.H. Macdonald
  • Women and Girls in Annie Pootoogook’s paintings
  • Indigenous Art in Canada. Aboriginal people in Canada have developed a very distinct artistic tradition. See what techniques, colors, shapes, and themes were standard in indigenous art. Use Robert Davidson, Bill Reid, Jerry Whitehead, as an excellent example of indigenous artists.
  • The story of the Group of Seven. This essay topic is one of the most important for Canadian Art. It is with this group of artists, a distinctly Canadian art started to develop. Students should write about the group’s proposition and the movement it started. Elaborate why for this group nature was so important, why did they paint landscapes?

The Group of Seven is a collective of artists.

  • Abstract Art in Canada
  • How the totem pole became the symbol of Canadian Art?
  • The Barbizon School artists in Canada. The Barbizon School of Art had a very significant influence on the Canadian Artists. You can comment on the school in general. Explain why this theme was so important for Canadian artists. Find several artists that appeal to you and analyze their work.
  • Nationalism and the Group of Seven
  • Contemporary Canadian Art. Aboriginal Art heavily influenced Canadian art. This connection becomes even more apparent in modern art. Examine contemporary landscape artists, contemporary urban landscape works. Explore photography and video as well.
  • Women and the Artistic Field in Canada
  • The Indian Group of Seven. This topic is for everyone who loves art for the artistic value of it. That is exactly what this group is promoting. They believe that there should be a shift made from the “aboriginal” to the “artistic” value of their art. However, it is not their only proposition. Talk about the social and cultural aspects of their manifesto.

✒️ How to Write an Essay on Canadian History

A history essay is one of the things every student has to learn how to write. Throughout your studying, you will most probably have to write hundreds of history essays.

Knowing the past is essential, but being able to connect the past with the present is paramount. Without these connections, history remains in the books; it does not become alive.

This mini-guide can help you to write a solid essay on Canadian history.

1) Define your topic

Even though you have the list of ideas available, it can be challenging. To narrow down your topic, ask questions. Here is the best way to do that:

  • Identify what interests you
  • Review what you have already written
  • Find a topic you understand well

For instance, you can talk about “Immigrants in Canada,” or you can narrow down the topic to “Immigrant workers in Canada 1830-1840.”

2) Determine your thesis statement

To define your thesis statement, you will need to turn your topic into a question.

For example:

Your essay topic is “Immigrant workers in Canada 1830-1840”. Your preliminary thesis can be “British pauper children filled an important labor shortage on Canadian farms between 1830 and 1940.”

You can later refine it even further to make it sound more like:

“Canada’s practice of importing young child laborers was the controversial result of Britain’s attempts to deal with the poor and to fill Canada’s labor needs. Changing public perceptions of childhood led to the demise of child labor importation.”

The main goal is to keep the thesis simple enough but also to make it worth exploring and writing about. A good thesis is specific, explanatory, and argumentative.

A strong thesis statement justifies discussion in an academic paper.

3) Research

It does not matter how well you know the topic or how simple you think it is. There is one step you can never skip—your research. It is the best point of departure, and it will help you see what others wrote about it.

The bibliography is the foundation of your essay. You won’t be able to build a strong argument without a strong foundation. For this purpose, find trustworthy primary and secondary sources.

To find materials use:

  • Encyclopedias
  • Online library and databases (JSTOR, Google Books, Google Scholar)
  • Shelf search

4) Take Notes

This step is not obligatory, but it can help you save a lot of time. Write down an essential piece of data from your sources. Note where the information comes from and why you need it later.

5) Create an outline

Consider taking this step even before you start writing. Why? It helps you to see your essay (and your arguments) even before you wrote it. It also prevents you from losing sight of your evidence. You can use other essays as your essay template.

Five steps for creating an essay outline.

6) Write, Revisit, Edit

While writing, keep your thesis in mind and try not to deviate. As you continue writing and reflecting, you will have more questions. So, don’t forget to adjust your thesis if it changes.

Revising and editing the essay are the last steps. Editing consists of looking for errors in grammar, syntax, word usage, spelling, and punctuation.

Thank you for reading, and good luck with the essay! Share the article with those who may find it useful and leave a comment below.

🔗 References

  • Canadian History Essay Example: Bartleby
  • History Essay Guide: Department of History, University of Ottawa
  • Canadian Identity Essay: Cram
  • Canadian Literature in English: L’Encyclopédie de l’histoire du Québec / The Quebec History Encyclopedia, Marionapolis College
  • History: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • Writing Historical Essays, A Guide for Undergraduates: Department of History, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
  • Essay Introductions: University of Maryland Global Campus
  • Discover Canada – Canada’s History: Canada.ca
  • Canada’s History: Canada’s History Society
  • How Significant Was the Fur Trade In Canadian History?
  • Were Pierre Trudeau’s Policies Effective for Canadian History?
  • How Has Charlottetown Conference Influenced Canada’s Unity?
  • Should Written Canadian or American History Be Altered to Reflect a Darker Side of Its History?
  • Has Canada Been Truly Built by Immigrants?
  • What Was the Relationship Really Like Between Voyageurs and Aboriginals?
  • What Were the Court Procedures in 19TH Century Ontario?
  • Why Is the Group of Seven So Iconic in Canadian Art?
  • What Has Caused the Beaver Wars?
  • Who Were the Filles du ROI? What Happened to Them for the Most Part? What Was the Ultimate Impact of the Filles du ROI on New France?
  • How Has Women’s Work Influenced Columbia?
  • What Was Life Like for 19TH Century Families Involved in Ontario Lumber’s Industry?
  • When Did Irish Catholics Choose Canada?
  • How Did the Fashion of the French and English Upper Class in the Pre-confederation Era Compare to That of France and England?
  • Can Canada Be Considered a Peacekeeper?
  • Did Henry Alline Have a Lasting Impact on Nova Scotia?
  • What Was the Extent of Canadian Involvement in the Spanish Civil War?
  • Partisan Attack Ads—Are They Really Worse Nowadays?
  • Was Reciprocity Good for British North America?
  • What Has Caused Quebec Referendum?
  • Beyond the Group of Seven: What Other Canadian Artists Had a Major Impact on the Art World?
  • What Was Canada’s Role in the Boer War, and How Did the Public View the War?
  • What Was Health Care Like in New France?
  • How Did Canadians View Napoleon? How Did the Napoleonic Wars Affect Canada?
  • What Was the Deal With Sir. John A. MacDonald and George Brown?
  • Were Internment Camps Necessary?
  • How Does Modern History Portray the Aboriginal People in Canada?
  • What Were the Origins of the Conflict Between the French and the Iroquois?
  • Why Was Slavery Abolished in Upper Canada?
  • Did Religious Orders Other Than the Jesuits Play an Important Role in New France?
  • Chicago (A-D)
  • Chicago (N-B)

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Canadian Identity Essay: 20 Essay Topics and Writing Guide

Canadian identity is something that has become really important for many Canadians in the past fifty years. Canada is a big, multinational country with its own traditions, culture, and history. However, because of quite a large number of foreigners and even Americans, its culture and people are associated with the United States. The reason is very simple.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

The US is the biggest and closest neighbor of Canada. The main purpose of writing an essay on Canadian identity is obvious. You have to prove that Canada differs a lot from the United States and that such a thing as Canadian identity does exist.

However, your task is not that simple. There are many things that you have to know to write a powerful Canadian identity essay. But before you continue reading, don’t forget to bookmark our  homepage website.

And now let’s get back to our essay on Canadian identity.

  • 📜 Learn More About the Canadian History
  • ❓ Who Are the True Canadians?
  • 💡 Issues to Introduce in Your Essay on Canadian Identity
  • 📑 21 Essay Topics on Canadian Identity

❓ Who Are the True Canadians?

Before you dive into the writing your national identity essay, let’s take a look at how Canadians identify themselves.

In 2016 the Pew Research Center conducted the survey “What It Takes to Truly Be ‘One of Us.” 14,514 people from 14 countries participated in it.

According to the survey results, the most crucial to Canadian identity is an ability to speak French or English and sharing Canadian traditions and customs.

Only 21% of respondents think that being born in Canada is essential for being Canadian.

Language and custom seen as crucial Canadian identity.

At the same time, being a Christian really matters only for 15% of respondents. And almost half of surveyed Canadians stated that being a religious person does not important to national identity at all.

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💡 Issues to Introduce in Your Essay on Canadian Identity

What are some other issues that should be introduced in Canadian identity essays? What aspects will make your Canadian essay really strong and complete?

  • Essays on Canadian identity should highlight the basic characteristics of the national identity (bicultural nature of the country, historical experience, social structure and policy, geophysical factors and so on).
  • In your essay on Canadian identity, you can make a special emphasis on the period after the World War I. It was the period of Canadian identity crisis.

Fact: More than 650 000 men and woomen from Canada and Newfouland served during the First World War.

  • Essays on Canadian identity can take a form of a compare and contrast essay. You will have to define similarities and differences between Canadians and Americans.

Sure, there are still lots of problems to explore in your assignment. But if you’re struggling with topic ideas, we’re here to help you!

📑 21 Essay Topics on Canadian Identity

Well, we’ve created a list of useful topics for your essay on Canadian identity. Just pick up one of them and start writing!

  • Canadian people . Who are they? Try to discover exciting facts about Canadian people.
  • Canadian literature and its impact on the sense of nationhood. Explore how Canadian writers influenced the formation of the national identity.
  • Traditional Canadian food . Find out more about local cuisine. You may research how the indigenous traditions affected current food preferences.
  • Current social issues in Canada . Investigate major problems in social life and make suggestions on how you’d solve them. Provide a few Canadian social norms examples.
  • Proud to be Canadian . What makes Canada unique? Why are Canadians pleased to be citizens of this country? Describe Canada as a country.
  • Cultural diversity in Canada . How ethnic groups in Canada form its culture? Provide some multiculturalism examples.
  • National identity: hockey in Canadian culture . Why Canadians love this game? Explore the history of hockey in Canada .
  • US vs. Canada . What does the phrase “meanwhile in Canada” mean? Discover cultural differences between the US and Canada .
  • Famous Canadians who made a difference. Make a list of Canadian influencers and their impact on the modern world.

David Ewart and John M. Lyle were canadians.

  • Canadian culture: customs and traditions . If you’re planning to use this topic, try to find interesting facts about Canada culture . What are some Canadian values?
  • Canada as the symbol of freedom . How did Canada gain independence? What were the prerequisites for this? Explore events that shaped Canada .
  • Stereotypical Canadian things. Make a Canadian stereotypes list and provide their confirmation or refutation.
  • Canada and religion . What are the major religions in Canada? How do they affect its internal policies?
  • Canadian personality traits . What makes Canadians stand out from other nations? Think, if you were/are Canadian how you would answer this question: what makes you Canadian?
  • Canadian identity crisis. Turn back to history and discover its premises and results.
  • British culture in Canada . Canada was British dominion for centuries. Investigate how this fact influenced the development of modern Canadian culture. You may also want to learn more about Canadian culture symbols.
  • Canadian immigration laws . How does immigration affect Canadian identity ? Explore the immigration tendencies and prospects.
  • Cultural regions of Canada . Learn more about cultural diversity in Canadian provinces . What caused the difference between the cultural differences between provinces?
  • Canada is the best country to live in. You can use this topic for your future argumentative essay. You may need to explore the latest surveys and rankings to find supporting evidence.
  • Canadian music culture . What distinguishes Canadian music among other countries? Learn more about famous Canadian singers and musicians. Who are they?
  • Aboriginal people and their role in Canadian Identity . Learn more about the history of indigenous people. Investigate treaty relationships between the First Nations of Northern America and Europeans. How did Aboriginal people shape Canadian culture?

So, work on your Canadian identity essay is going to be very interesting. Still, without substantial background information, it can be quite tricky. So, be ready for it and start looking for the sources to produce a powerful essay on Canadian identity!

If you could choose where to live in Canada, what city would you choose? Tell us in comments below and provide a brief explanation of why.

Get an originally-written paper according to your instructions!

Further reading:

  • Nationalism Essay: An Ultimate Guide and Topics
  • Human Trafficking Essay for College: Topics and Examples
  • Essay on Corruption: How to Stop It. Quick Guide
  • Murder Essay: Top 3 Killing Ideas to Complete your Essay

🔗 References

  • What It Takes to Truly Be ‘One of Us’
  • The 15 Best Canadian Foods
  • Hockey is More Than a Game to Canadians
  • Canadian Identity Essay Section at Cram
  • Bartleby—Canada’s Identity
  • Selection of Canadian Identity Essays
  • Canadian Culture and National Identity
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What can I say for a thesis statement?

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Hi! Thanks for the tips on essays on Canadian identity! They seem very helpful! I hope to apply them for my Canadian identity essay writing successfully!

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  • How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

  • Start with a question
  • Write your initial answer
  • Develop your answer
  • Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

  • Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
  • Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
  • Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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thesis statement about canada

The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

  • Why you hold this position
  • What they’ll learn from your essay
  • The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

  • In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
  • In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

  • It gives your writing direction and focus.
  • It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

  • Ask a question about your topic .
  • Write your initial answer.
  • Develop your answer by including reasons.
  • Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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Thesis Statements

This guide offers essential tips on thesis statements, but it’s important to note that thesis statement content, structure, and placement can vary widely depending on the discipline, level, and genre. One good way to get a sense of how thesis statements might be constructed in your field is to read some related scholarly articles.

A thesis statement articulates a writer’s main argument, point, or message in a piece of writing. Strong thesis statements will tell your audience what your topic is and what your position on that topic is. Also, they will often provide an overview of key supporting arguments that you will explore throughout your paper. A well-written thesis statement demonstrates that you have explored the topic thoroughly and can defend your claims. 

For short, undergraduate-level papers, a thesis statement will usually be one to three sentences in length, often occurring at the end of the first paragraph. Its main function is to tie all of your ideas and arguments together. As you continue to present your evidence and argue your stance, your thesis will connect throughout your essay like a puzzle. 

Two puzzle pieces, labelled "main argument" and "supporting arguments", fit together to create the complete thesis.

e.g., Closing the border between Greece and Macedonia has led to unnecessary suffering among refugees by preventing humanitarian aid from getting to those camps that need it most 1. Resolving this human rights problem will ultimately require cooperative effort from local, regional, and international agencies 2. 

Statement of topic and main argument 

Further details about topic that give your reader a sense of how the paper will be structured

Building Effective Thesis Statements

A strong thesis statement should be clear, concise, focused, and supportable. Unless your essay is simply explanatory, it should also be debatable (i.e., if your position on a topic is one that almost nobody would dispute, it may not be the best choice for an argumentative paper). 

The following steps will help you throughout the process of developing your thesis statement:: 

Read the assignment thoroughly. Make sure you are clear about the expectations. 

Do preliminary, general research: collect and organize information about your topic. 

Form a tentative thesis. The following questions may help you focus your research into a tentative thesis: 

What’s new about this topic? 

What important about this topic? 

What’s interesting about this topic? 

What have others missed in their discussions about this topic? 

What about this topic is worth writing about? 

Do additional research. Once you have narrowed your focus, you can perform targeted research to find evidence to support your thesis. As you research, your understanding of the topic will change. This is normal and even desirable. 

Refine your thesis statement. After doing extensive research and evaluating many sources, rewrite your thesis so it expresses your angle or position on your topic more clearly.

Sample Thesis Statements

This guide offers essential tips on the thesis statements, but it's important to note that thesis statement content, structure, and placement can vary widely depending on the discipline, level, and genre. One good way to get a sense of how thesis statements might be constructed in your field is to read some related scholarly articles.

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How To Write A Thesis Statement That Grabs Attention

Stuck at the very beginning of your research work and can’t figure out how to write a thesis statement? This guide is for you. 

Table of Contents

A thesis statement is the backbone of your academic paper. It serves as a roadmap for both the readers and the writers. However, a powerful thesis statement does more than just guide – it grabs the reader’s attention and sets the tone for the entire essay. Universities in Canada put great emphasis on effective thesis statements. Let’s explore this in depth.

What Is A Thesis Statement?

A thesis statement is a concise and specific sentence or two that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, or any other piece of academic writing. It serves as the central focus and guiding idea for the entire work.

Make sure that you understand the differences between a dissertation and a thesis , as their requirements for a thesis statement may differ a bit.

Characteristics Of A Thesis Statement

  • Clarity: A well-crafted thesis statement clearly communicates the main idea of the paper. It should avoid ambiguity and ensure that the reader understands the writer’s stance on the topic.
  • Specificity: The thesis statement should be precise and focused. It should address a particular aspect of the topic and avoid broad or general statements.
  • Debatable: A strong thesis statement presents an argument or a perspective that can be debated or challenged. It should not be a statement of fact but rather an assertion that requires support and evidence.
  • Relevance: The thesis statement should be directly related to the topic of the essay. It provides a roadmap for what the reader can expect to find in the rest of the paper.
  • Conciseness: Ideally, a thesis statement is a brief and to-the-point expression of the main idea. It typically appears in the introduction of the paper and is usually one or two sentences long.

Step-By-Step Guide On How To Write A Thesis Statement

Writing a compelling thesis statement is a crucial skill for any academic or research paper . It serves as the foundation of your entire paper, as it encapsulates the main idea and provides a roadmap for your readers. Here is a step-by-step guide explaining how to write a thesis statement for beginners. 

Step 1: Understand The Assignment

Before writing a thesis statement, it is crucial to understand the assignment thoroughly. Carefully read through the guidelines provided by your instructor or institution. Identify the key elements, such as the purpose of the assignment, the expected length, and other necessary requirements. Adhere to the location standards, such as knowing how to write dates.  

You also have to comprehend the type of paper you are writing. Is it an informative essay, an argumentative paper, or a comparative analysis? Each type of paper may require a different approach to formulating the thesis statement, so clarity on the assignment’s nature is the first step toward success.

Step 2: Identify Your Topic

Once you clearly understand the assignment, the next step is to identify your topic. Choose a subject that aligns with the assignment’s requirements and resonates with your interests. The more passionate you are about the topic, the easier it will be to engage your readers.

Consider the scope of your topic and define its boundaries. It will be the base for your hypothesis . Be specific in your choice and avoid overly broad or narrow subjects. If your assignment allows for flexibility, take the opportunity to explore a unique angle or perspective that adds depth to your thesis statement.

Step 3: Do Your Research

Research is the backbone of any well-crafted thesis statement. You need it to write the entire paper and your literature review. Take a look into academic journals, books, online databases, and other reputable sources to gather information and evidence that supports your chosen topic. As you collect data, take note of key findings, relevant quotes, and any contrasting perspectives that can contribute to a great thesis statement.

Furthermore, make sure to organize your research systematically. Create an outline that highlights the main points and arguments you want to address. This will not only streamline the writing process but also ensure that your thesis statement is backed by solid evidence.

Step 4: Revise And Refine

With your research in hand, it is time to start drafting your thesis statement. Begin with a preliminary version. Ensure that you capture the main idea of your paper in a single sentence. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different phrasings and structures until you find the one that best encapsulates your argument.

Moreover, once you have a working thesis statement, seek feedback from peers, mentors, or instructors. Their perspectives can offer valuable insights and help you identify any weaknesses or areas for improvement. Revise your thesis statement accordingly.  

A good thesis statement is one that is clear, concise, and effectively communicates your main argument.

Step 5: Finalize Your Research Statement

The final step in crafting a thesis statement is to refine your research question. Your thesis statement should not only present your main argument but also guide the direction of your research. Ensure that your statement aligns with the scope of your paper and is specific enough to be addressed within the given constraints.

Consider the implications of your thesis statement – what are the potential counterarguments, and how will you address them? By anticipating opposing viewpoints, you can strengthen your thesis statement and demonstrate a thorough understanding of the subject.

Thesis Statement Example

The increasing prevalence of social media has significantly altered interpersonal communication, leading to both positive and negative consequences. This paper explores the impact of social media on relationships, self-perception, and societal dynamics, arguing that while it fosters connectivity and information-sharing, it also poses challenges such as privacy concerns and the perpetuation of unrealistic standards.

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How To Write A Thesis Statement For An Essay

Writing a thesis statement for an essay involves the same fundamental principles as a standard thesis statement, but with a greater emphasis on tailoring it to the specific requirements of the essay. Here are key considerations:

  • Focus On The Essay Guidelines
  • Highlight The Scope Of The Essay

Thesis Statement Example Of An Essay

Considering the transformative role of technology in education, this essay contends that integrating interactive digital tools enhances student engagement and learning outcomes. Examining case studies and educational research will demonstrate how technology, when used judiciously, can positively reshape the educational landscape, fostering a more dynamic and effective learning environment.

How To Write A Thesis Statement For A Research Paper

Writing a thesis statement for a research paper example requires a few additional considerations due to the research nature of the assignment:

  • Incorporate Research Objectives
  • Highlight Research Methodology
  • Acknowledge the Research Gap

Thesis Statement Example Of A Research Paper

This research paper investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on global biodiversity, aiming to elucidate specific patterns and vulnerabilities. Using a combination of quantitative analysis and case studies, it seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by identifying critical gaps in understanding the implications of climate change for various ecosystems. By bridging these knowledge gaps, this research endeavours to inform conservation strategies and policies in the face of an evolving climate.

How To Write A Thesis Statement For A Critical Essay

Here are some specific considerations when writing a thesis statement for critical essays.

  • Express Your Critical Evaluation
  • Identify Key Elements for Critique
  • Acknowledge Counterarguments

Critical Essay Thesis Statement Example

In examining the portrayal of gender roles in [Literary Work], this critical essay asserts that while the narrative seemingly adheres to traditional gender norms, a deeper analysis reveals subtle subversions and contradictions. By scrutinizing character dynamics, language use, and narrative structure, this essay aims to evaluate the underlying messages about gender critically. Moreover, it acknowledges counterarguments that may arise from a surface-level reading, providing a better understanding of how the work challenges and reinforces established gender roles.

How To Write A Narrative Essay Thesis Statement

When crafting a thesis statement for a narrative essay, the focus is on expressing the central theme or message of the story. 

  • Emphasize the Central Theme
  • Connect to Personal Experience
  • Highlight the Journey or Transformation

Narrative Essay Thesis Statement Example

In recounting the challenges faced during my year abroad, this narrative essay delves into the transformative power of resilience and self-discovery. Through navigating cultural barriers and personal setbacks, the narrative unfolds a journey from vulnerability to strength, highlighting the profound lessons learned from adversity. This essay not only chronicles my experiences but also underscores the universal theme of human resilience in the face of challenges.

Frequently Asked Questions

How to write a thesis statement.

  • Understand the assignment
  • Identify your topic
  • Do your research
  • Revise and refine

How to write a 3 point thesis statement?

Craft a concise 3-point thesis by clearly stating your main idea on the topic and breaking it down into three specific subpoints. Order these points logically, express them in a clear sentence, and provide a brief preview of each. For example, in an essay on technology’s impact on education: “Digital tools enhance engagement, enable personalized learning, and prepare students for a tech-centric future.”

How to write a thesis statement for an essay?

Compose a focused thesis by clearly stating your main argument or perspective on the topic. Be specific, make it debatable, and provide a roadmap for your essay’s main points. For example, in an essay on climate change: “Rising global temperatures demand urgent action, addressing the complex interplay of human activities, policy changes, and environmental responsibility.”

How to write a thesis statement for a research paper?

Formulate a precise thesis for your research paper by stating the specific objectives, research methodology, and the research gap you aim to address. Clearly express your stance on the topic and outline the paper’s contributions. For instance, in a paper on climate change’s impact: “This research examines the effects of climate change on biodiversity, employing quantitative analysis to fill existing knowledge gaps and inform conservation strategies.”

How to write a thesis statement example?

The rapid rise of social media has reshaped interpersonal communication, presenting both opportunities and challenges. This essay explores the impact of social media on relationships, privacy, and societal dynamics, arguing that while it fosters connectivity, it also necessitates a critical evaluation of its effects on personal and societal well-being.

How to write a good thesis statement for an argumentative essay?

Compose a strong thesis for an argumentative essay by clearly presenting your stance on the issue and the main points that support it. Use specific language, make it debatable, and acknowledge opposing views. For example, in an essay on the importance of vaccination: “Vaccination mandates are crucial for public health, safeguarding communities against preventable diseases and ensuring collective well-being.”

How to write a thesis statement for a critical essay?

Develop a focused thesis for a critical essay by clearly expressing your critical evaluation of the topic. Identify specific elements or themes to critique, acknowledge counterarguments, and emphasize the broader significance of your analysis. For instance, in a critical essay on a literary work: “Examining [Work], this essay critically analyzes its portrayal of [theme], revealing subtle contradictions and societal implications.”

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thesis statement about canada

Thesis Statements

What is a thesis statement.

Generally, a thesis statement is a sentence that presents the controlling idea of your paper. Thesis statements are often argumentative, meaning you’re seeking to persuade your reader to adopt your viewpoint on a topic. The following handout considers argumentative thesis statements. In academic writing, a thesis statement is often one or two sentences, and it is often included towards the end of the introductory paragraph.

What a Thesis Does

A basic thesis statement will do three things:

  • Names the topic
  • States an evaluative claim about your topic
  • Provides an overview of the reasons that support the claim

For example: The community policing model (1) benefits relations with the public (2) because it improves public trust and police officer safety (3).

1. Topic: This paper is going to be about the community policing model. 2. Argument: This paper is asserting the benefits of that model. 3. Main points: The structure of the paper will cover first, public trust and second, officer safety.

Step One: Brainstorming and Preliminary Research

It’s difficult and inadvisable to generate a thesis if you haven’t first done some preliminary reading and brainstorming about your topic. As you prepare to write your thesis, take some time to do the following:

  • Review the purpose of the assignment.
  • Understand course concepts.
  • Read some general articles on your topic.
  • Create a mind-map, or write down some initial thoughts to help you generate ideas for your thesis.
  • Generate a working research question to help direct your future research, and ultimately, your thesis statement.

Doing preliminary intellectual work like the steps listed above not only helps you formulate your working thesis, but it also contributes significantly to the body of your paper.

Step Two: Create a Working Thesis Statement

Fill in the following template to help clarify a general direction for your research and writing:

I am studying (name the topic) because I want to find out in order to help my reader understand .

For example: I am studying community policing models because I want to find out how they influence public and police relations in order to help my reader understand how to use different policing models to address modern policing challenges.

Step Three: Revisit Your Thesis After You are Finished Writing the Paper

As you research and write your paper, your main point will become clearer. For this reason, don’t hesitate to revisit your thesis statement after you have finished the first draft of your paper to ensure that the thesis accurately reflects the main points, evidence, and structure you’ve presented.

At this stage, make sure your thesis statement is both explicit and specific:

Uses signaling words that announce the central claim.

In this paper I will argue,

Clarifies vague or unclear terms.

Community policing models play a role partner with key members in the region to improve community health and safety.

Step Four: Finalize Your Thesis Statement

Once you have finished writing your paper and revisited your working thesis, finalize your argumentative thesis by making sure it is debatable, defensible, and focused.

It can be argued.

Note: This effective thesis statement is debatable because a reader could argue for or against this claim.

It can be supported with logical, plausible evidence.

Note: This in-effective thesis statement is not defensible because the statistic of 80% is conjecture and not substantiated in any studies.

It fits the scope of the assignment.

Note: This effective thesis statement is focused because it refines the scope from Canada generally to the province of Ontario.

Learn More About Thesis Statements

The Craft of Research by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. Fitzgerald

They Say/ I Say with Readings by Gerald Graff, Cathy Birkenstein, and Russel Durst

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Writing your thesis

Follow these steps, thesis proposal arrow_drop_down.

Most doctoral programs and some master’s programs require students to submit a formal thesis proposal. The thesis proposal is an excellent planning tool. It helps bring the thesis topic into sharper focus. A thesis proposal may start out being vague, but as the student works on the proposal and discusses it with his or her supervisor, the proposal should outline: 

  • the topic or the central research question
  • the resources from which the topic or research question is drawn, and
  • where relevant, the strategies and instruments used for data collection and analysis.

The research conducted for the proposal will be a useful foundation in preparing the thesis. With this in mind, during this proposal writing stage, the student should start “building” what will eventually become footnotes or endnotes, and a full bibliography or list of references. This means taking meticulous notes and keeping track of the author, title, place and date of publication, and any relevant page numbers in works consulted.

Where appropriate, it is helpful to outline in the proposal the actual papers that will be submitted should the work proceed as planned, including authorships in the case of collaborative projects. This will give the student and the supervisor a clear idea of responsibilities and expectations.

The student may have to present the proposal formally as part of the approval process. This is an opportunity to sharpen the student's focus and to set out exactly how he or she intends to proceed.

Some research projects require other approvals such as ethical clearances. The thesis supervisor should know what approvals are required and how they can be obtained, but the student is ultimately responsible for obtaining these approvals.

Topic registration arrow_drop_down

The topic of the thesis is to be determined in consultation with the student's research supervisor.  

From the  uoZone  Application tab, click Candidate Center to create a service request and register your thesis topic.

Work plan arrow_drop_down

The work plan should include realistic target dates for all the major milestones. Students should show their thesis supervisor a work plan as soon as possible. This will help ensure that the student has not forgotten anything, and give the student a sense of whether his or her expectations about turnaround time and feedback are feasible for the supervisor. Once the student and supervisor have discussed and agreed on the work plan, the student should give the supervisor a copy. Information supplements are at the student's disposal to help them prepare their work plan.

Components of a work plan

The work plan, at a minimum should include at least ballpark dates for these:

  • narrowing down the thesis topic
  • beginning the research
  • completing the field work, the mining of sources, or the experimental part or the data collection
  • coming up with at least a rough thesis outline at a point appropriate to the topic and discipline
  • completing most of your research
  • where relevant, drafting and submitting each chapter to the thesis supervisor
  • where relevant, receiving feedback on each chapter submitted
  • submitting a completed first draft to the supervisor
  • hearing back from the supervisor after the student submits the completed first draft
  • doing changes that the student and supervisor have agreed on
  • providing the last version of the thesis to the supervisor for approval before submission of the thesis
  • submitting articles to journals
  • presenting research at conferences
  • submitting the completed thesis
  • defending the thesis (some master's programs do not require an oral defence)

Research arrow_drop_down

By the time the candidate becomes a graduate student, he or she should know quite a bit about writing papers even though the sheer size of the thesis project makes a difference. The supervisor will help, but any student embarking on a thesis should also read up independently on how to research and write a thesis.  The style guide appropriate to the student's discipline will include tips on research, the mechanics of writing, and citing sources properly.

Improving skills

The students will need to use their research, writing and oral presentation skills to complete their thesis. They will improve in all these areas with practice. If a candidate lacks confidence in any of the skills necessary for success, he or she should speak to the thesis supervisor about training courses that may be offered at the University to address what they perceive as shortcomings in the required abilities. Avail of the  Academic Writing Help Centre’s (AWHC)  resources about the mechanics of writing.

Literature review

The purpose of a literature review is to demonstrate the student’s knowledge of, and ability to synthesize, major aspects of the scholarly literature of the field in which the student’s thesis is situated. The review also helps the reader to place the student’s work in its context. As a finished product, the literature review shows that the student is familiar with the literature pertinent to his topic; shows the importance of his decision to conduct research and write on the topic with the approach chosen; explores what has been written on the topic and by whom; and, explores what the literature tells, what it does not tell, and why both of these are important for his topic.

The scope of the literature review must be broader than the topic of the student’s thesis. It must cover the major scholarly contributions to the field of study in which the student’s thesis is situated.

Narrow down your topic

The students should discuss potential topics with the supervisor and colleagues, and think carefully about the feasibility of the topic in relation to the number and complexity of the experiments required, the lab equipment required, their knowledge of the different related fields, the extent of the reading required, and the accessibility of the books or items to be studied. 

Get approvals

As already discussed, the students have to obtain all the necessary approvals for your thesis topic. In addition to ethics and other approvals, a student who plans to travel abroad to do research must investigate possible international travel restrictions. Depending on the country in which the research will be conducted, students should check with the  Office of Risk Management and uOInternational before making plans to do research abroad.

Research: collect and analyze data

When researching the topic, or collecting and analyzing data, the student should read as widely as possible and take meticulous notes identifying each source. They should also sharpen their focus as they go, if necessary, and keep developing and refining their thesis outlines.

Hints on note-taking and proper referencing

Writing arrow_drop_down

Depending on the discipline and topic, the student may finish all their research and then begin writing, or they may move back and forth between research and writing.

It is important to know when it is time to stop researching and start writing. The students should give themselves time to develop ideas, but recognize real procrastination and try to avoid it.

When the students start writing, they shouldn't get stuck on the introduction. The thesis will have a linear structure in the end, but that doesn’t mean it starts out that way. The student should get as much written as they can. Then they can really start to work with it. Since writing is a way of thinking, in some disciplines the students may have to write all the way to the end of a section before they arrive at what they really want to say—at that point they may move the end to the beginning and start again.

A cademic Writing Help Centre (AWHC)

Revision arrow_drop_down

The students should expect to have to make revisions to what they have already written, either as a result of their own analyses of the ideas, structure and organization of the paper or as a result of feedback from others. Revision as a result of feedback is an important part of writing a thesis and good practice—in many workplaces, revision as a result of feedback is part of the job.

Editing arrow_drop_down

There are many kinds of editing the student might have to do to their thesis. These range from relatively superficial proofreading and copy editing for spelling and typographical errors to more substantive edits that get at the heart of the paper and border on revision—reorganizing sections, for example.

It is possible to seek professional proofreading assistance by hiring an editor. Students should always consult their thesis supervisor before seeking services of professional proofreaders /editors . In such case s , the student is entirely responsible for the cost of services rendered by the editor. It is the student ’s responsibility to accept, decline or challenge the advice and corrections suggested by a proofreader.  Students must formally acknowledge the use of a proofreader in the final submitted version of the thesis.

Beyond the basic steps outlined above, how the student proceeds with the research and writing will depend a lot on the chosen discipline, the topic and the student's personal style.

Academic Writing Help Center (AWHC)

Thesis seminar arrow_drop_down

Some academic units require a student to lead a seminar on the thesis topic towards the end of the thesis preparation period usually a couple of months before the thesis defence. Fellow students, supervisors, members of the thesis committee and other members of the academic unit often attend.

In some cases, students present their research within a seminar course, usually referred to as a research seminar. This seminar provides an ideal forum for a student to discuss the thesis and to practice for the upcoming defence.

The student should check with his or her thesis supervisor and academic unit to see whether this is possible or required in the chosen program.

Also, the students should attend seminars given by other students in the chosen program or in other programs. This way, they can get a realistic idea of what will be expected. They should also attend or present at the annual interdisciplinary conference organized by the Graduate Student’s Association (GSAÉD) at the University of Ottawa.

Learn about thesis types

Master thesis arrow_drop_down.

A master’s thesis must show that the student is able to work in a scholarly manner and is acquainted with the principal works published on the subject of the thesis. As much as possible, it should be an original contribution. Some disciplines require that the thesis be of publishable quality. There is an oral examination for a master’s thesis, in the presence of examiners, if that is a program requirement.  Some master’s programs do not require an oral examination for the thesis.

Doctoral thesis arrow_drop_down

A doctoral thesis must make a significant contribution to knowledge in a field of study, embody the results of original investigation and analysis, and be of such quality as to merit publication.

A doctoral thesis may build upon and continue the work done by a student in his or her master’s thesis, but must go significantly beyond the master’s thesis and be substantially different from that thesis. There is an oral examination for a doctoral thesis, in presence of examiners.

Thesis formats

Monograph thesis arrow_drop_down.

The monograph thesis is the most usual form in the humanities and social sciences and it resembles a non-fiction book in that it deals in depth with a particular topic.

Monograph components

Thesis as a series of articles arrow_drop_down

A significant number of thesis, especially in the sciences, engineering and medicine, consist of a series of articles or, very rarely, a single article. Each individual academic unit decides which format is suitable for its discipline, so before the student embarks on the thesis, he or she should check with the academic unit to see what format is accepted.

Components of a thesis in a series of articles (see C-7.3)

Non-traditional thesis arrow_drop_down

It is the responsibility of each program to determine what non-traditional thesis forms are acceptable.

Components of a non-traditional thesis (see C-7.3)

Additional information

Ethics and collaboration arrow_drop_down.

If the research embodied in the article or articles required approval of an ethics board or was part of a collaboration, this must be spelled out in a preface. In this preface or statement, the student must indicate what ethics approvals were secured and give a detailed account of the contributions of collaborators and/or co-authors which clearly distinguishes the contributions of this student from those of all other collaborators or co-authors, and identifies in detail all other contributions.

Copyright arrow_drop_down

The student must get permission to use copyrighted material from any co-authors as well as from publishers.

thesis toolbox

Thesis toolbox

Reference management. Clean and simple.

How to write a thesis statement + examples

Thesis statement

What is a thesis statement?

Is a thesis statement a question, how do you write a good thesis statement, how do i know if my thesis statement is good, examples of thesis statements, helpful resources on how to write a thesis statement, frequently asked questions about writing a thesis statement, related articles.

A thesis statement is the main argument of your paper or thesis.

The thesis statement is one of the most important elements of any piece of academic writing . It is a brief statement of your paper’s main argument. Essentially, you are stating what you will be writing about.

You can see your thesis statement as an answer to a question. While it also contains the question, it should really give an answer to the question with new information and not just restate or reiterate it.

Your thesis statement is part of your introduction. Learn more about how to write a good thesis introduction in our introduction guide .

A thesis statement is not a question. A statement must be arguable and provable through evidence and analysis. While your thesis might stem from a research question, it should be in the form of a statement.

Tip: A thesis statement is typically 1-2 sentences. For a longer project like a thesis, the statement may be several sentences or a paragraph.

A good thesis statement needs to do the following:

  • Condense the main idea of your thesis into one or two sentences.
  • Answer your project’s main research question.
  • Clearly state your position in relation to the topic .
  • Make an argument that requires support or evidence.

Once you have written down a thesis statement, check if it fulfills the following criteria:

  • Your statement needs to be provable by evidence. As an argument, a thesis statement needs to be debatable.
  • Your statement needs to be precise. Do not give away too much information in the thesis statement and do not load it with unnecessary information.
  • Your statement cannot say that one solution is simply right or simply wrong as a matter of fact. You should draw upon verified facts to persuade the reader of your solution, but you cannot just declare something as right or wrong.

As previously mentioned, your thesis statement should answer a question.

If the question is:

What do you think the City of New York should do to reduce traffic congestion?

A good thesis statement restates the question and answers it:

In this paper, I will argue that the City of New York should focus on providing exclusive lanes for public transport and adaptive traffic signals to reduce traffic congestion by the year 2035.

Here is another example. If the question is:

How can we end poverty?

A good thesis statement should give more than one solution to the problem in question:

In this paper, I will argue that introducing universal basic income can help reduce poverty and positively impact the way we work.

  • The Writing Center of the University of North Carolina has a list of questions to ask to see if your thesis is strong .

A thesis statement is part of the introduction of your paper. It is usually found in the first or second paragraph to let the reader know your research purpose from the beginning.

In general, a thesis statement should have one or two sentences. But the length really depends on the overall length of your project. Take a look at our guide about the length of thesis statements for more insight on this topic.

Here is a list of Thesis Statement Examples that will help you understand better how to write them.

Every good essay should include a thesis statement as part of its introduction, no matter the academic level. Of course, if you are a high school student you are not expected to have the same type of thesis as a PhD student.

Here is a great YouTube tutorial showing How To Write An Essay: Thesis Statements .

thesis statement about canada

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Writing Essays: From Start to Finish

9 Thesis Statement

Have you ever known someone who was not very good at telling stories? You probably had trouble following the train of thought as the storyteller jumped from point to point, either being too brief in places that needed further explanation or providing too many details on a meaningless element. Maybe the person told the end of the story first, then moved to the beginning and later added details to the middle. The ideas were probably scattered, and the story did not flow very well. When the story was over, you probably had many questions.

Just as a personal anecdote can be a disorganized mess, an essay can fall into the same trap of being out of order and confusing. That is why writers need a thesis statement  to provide a specific focus for their essay and to organize what they are about to discuss in the body.

Just like a topic sentence summarizes a single paragraph, the thesis statement summarizes an entire essay. It tells the reader the point you want to make in your essay, while the essay itself supports that point. It is like a signpost that signals the essay’s destination. You should form your thesis before you begin to organize an essay, but you may find that it needs revision as the essay develops.

Elements of a Thesis Statement

For every essay you write, you must focus on a central idea. This idea stems from a topic you have chosen or been assigned or from a question your teacher has asked. It is not enough merely to discuss a general topic or simply answer a question with a yes or no. You have to form a specific opinion, and then articulate that into a  controlling idea —the main idea upon which you build your thesis.

Remember that a thesis is not the topic itself, but rather your interpretation of the question or subject. For whatever topic your instructor gives you, you must ask yourself, “What do I want to say about it?” Asking and then answering this question is vital to forming a thesis that is precise, forceful, and confident.

A thesis is one sentence long and appears toward the end of your introduction. It is specific and focuses on one to three points of a single idea—points that are able to be demonstrated in the body. It forecasts the content of the essay and suggests how you will organize your information. Remember that a thesis statement does not summarize an issue but rather dissects it.

A Strong Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement contains the following qualities:

  • Specificity : A thesis statement must concentrate on a specific area of a general topic. As you may recall, the creation of a thesis statement begins when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of that topic. For example, health care is a broad topic, but a proper thesis statement would focus on a specific area of that topic, such as options for individuals without health care coverage.
  • Precision : A strong thesis statement must be precise enough to allow for a coherent argument and to remain focused on the topic. If the specific topic is options for individuals without health care coverage, then your precise thesis statement must make an exact claim about it, such as that limited options exist for those who are uninsured by their employers. You must further pinpoint what you are going to discuss regarding these limited effects, such as whom they affect and what the cause is.
  • Arguability : A thesis statement must present a relevant and specific argument. A factual statement often is not considered arguable. Be sure your thesis statement contains a point of view that can be supported with evidence.
  • Demonstrability : For any claim you make in your thesis, you must be able to provide reasons and examples for your opinion. You can rely on personal observations in order to do this, or you can consult outside sources to demonstrate that what you assert is valid. A worthy argument is backed by examples and details.
  • Forcefulness/Assertiveness : A thesis statement that is forceful shows readers that you are, in fact, making an argument. The tone is assertive and takes a stance that others might oppose.
  • Confidence : In addition to using force in your thesis statement, you must also use confidence in your claim. Phrases such as I feel or I believe actually weaken the readers’ sense of your confidence because these phrases imply that you are the only person who feels the way you do. In other words, your stance has insufficient backing. Taking an authoritative stance on the matter persuades your readers to have faith in your argument and open their minds to what you have to say.

Exercise 9.1

On a sheet of paper, write a thesis statement for each of the following topics. Remember to make each statement specific, precise, demonstrable, forceful and confident.

  • Texting while driving
  • The legal drinking age in different provinces of Canada
  • Steroid use among professional athletes

Examples of Appropriate Thesis Statements

Each of the following thesis statements meets several of the qualities discussed above: specificity, precision, arguability, demonstrability, forcefulness/assertiveness, and confidence:

  • The societal and personal struggles of Floyd in the play Where the Blood Mixes, by Kevin Loring, symbolize the challenge of First Nations people of Canada who lived through segregation and placement into residential schools.
  • Closing all American borders for a period of five years is one solution that will tackle illegal immigration.
  • Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony in Romeo and Juliet spoils the outcome for the audience and weakens the plot.
  • J. D. Salinger’s character in Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, is a confused rebel who voices his disgust with phonies, yet in an effort to protect himself, he acts like a phony on many occasions.
  • Compared to an absolute divorce, no-fault divorce is less expensive, promotes fairer settlements, and reflects a more realistic view of the causes for marital breakdown.
  • Exposing children from an early age to the dangers of drug abuse is a sure method of preventing future drug addicts.
  • In today’s crumbling job market, a high school diploma is not significant enough education to land a stable, lucrative job.

Now that you have read about the contents of a good thesis statement and have seen examples, take a look four pitfalls to avoid when composing your own thesis.

  • A thesis is weak when it is simply a declaration of your subject or a description of what you will discuss in your essay. Weak thesis statement: My paper will explain why imagination is more important than knowledge.
  • A thesis is weak when it makes an unreasonable or outrageous claim or insults the opposing side. Weak thesis statement: Religious radicals across the country are trying to legislate their puritanical beliefs by banning required high school books.
  • A thesis is weak when it contains an obvious fact or something that no one can disagree with or provides a dead end. Weak thesis statement: Advertising companies use sex to sell their products.
  • A thesis is weak when the statement is too broad. Weak thesis statement :  The life of Pierre Trudeau was long and accomplished.

Exercise 9.2

Read the following thesis statements. On a piece of paper, identify each as weak or strong. For those that are weak, list the reasons why. Then revise the weak statements so that they conform to the requirements of a strong thesis.

  • The subject of this paper is my experience with ferrets as pets.
  • The government must expand its funding for research on renewable energy resources in order to prepare for the impending end of oil.
  • Edgar Allan Poe was a poet who lived in Baltimore during the 19th century.
  • In this essay, I will give you a lot of reasons why marijuana should not be legalized in British Columbia.
  • Because many children’s toys have potential safety hazards that could lead to injury, it is clear that not all children’s toys are safe.
  • My experience with young children has taught me that I want to be a disciplinary parent because I believe that a child without discipline can be a parent’s worst nightmare.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.

Writing in Process

Often in your career, you will need to ask your boss for something through an email. Just as a thesis statement organizes an essay, it can also organize your email request. While your email will be shorter than an essay, using a thesis statement in your first paragraph quickly lets your boss know what you are asking for, why it is necessary, and what the benefits are. In short body paragraphs, you can provide the essential information needed to expand upon your request.

Writing a Thesis Statement

One legitimate question readers always ask about a piece of writing is “What is the big idea?” (You may even ask this question when you are the reader, critically reading an assignment or another document.) Every nonfiction writing task—from the short essay to the 10-page term paper to the lengthy senior thesis—needs a big idea, or a controlling idea, as the “spine” for the work. The controlling idea is the main idea that you want to present and develop.

The big idea, or controlling idea, you want to present in an essay is expressed in your thesis statement. Remember that a thesis statement is often one sentence long, and it states your point of view. The thesis statement is not the topic of the piece of writing but rather what you have to say about that topic and what is important to tell readers.

Look at Table 9.1: Topics and Thesis Statements  for a comparison of topics and thesis statements.

The first thesis statement you write will be a preliminary thesis statement , or a working thesis statement . You will need it when you begin to outline your assignment as a way to organize it. As you continue to develop the arrangement, you can limit your working thesis statement if it is too broad or expand it if it proves too narrow for what you want to say.

Exercise 9.3

Using a topic you select or one assigned to you, develop a working thesis statement that states your controlling idea for the piece of writing you are doing. On a sheet of paper, write your working thesis statement.

Collaboration: Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.

Revising a Thesis Statement

Your thesis will probably change as you write, so you will need to modify it to reflect exactly what you have discussed in your essay. Remember, you begin with a working thesis statement, an indefinite statement that you make about your topic early in the writing process for the purpose of planning and guiding your writing.

Working thesis statements often become stronger as you gather information and form new opinions and reasons for those opinions. Revision helps you strengthen your thesis so that it matches what you have expressed in the body of the paper.

You can cut down on irrelevant aspects and revise your thesis by taking the following steps:

  • Working thesis: Young people have to work hard to succeed in life.
  • Revised thesis: Recent college graduates must have discipline and persistence in order to find and maintain a stable job in which they can use and be appreciated for their talents.
  • The revised thesis makes a more specific statement about success and what it means to work hard. The original includes too broad a range of people and does not define exactly what success entails. By replacing the general words like people and work hard, the writer can better focus his or her research and gain more direction in his or her writing.
  • Working thesis: The welfare system is a joke.
  • Revised thesis: The welfare system keeps a socioeconomic class from gaining employment by alluring members of that class with unearned income, instead of programs to improve their education and skill sets.
  • Joke means many things to many people. Readers bring all sorts of backgrounds and perspectives to the reading process and would need clarification for a word so vague. This expression may also be too informal for the selected audience. By asking questions, the writer can devise a more precise and appropriate explanation for joke. The writer should ask questions similar to the 5WH questions. By incorporating the answers to these questions into a thesis statement, the writer more accurately defines his or her stance, which will better guide the writing of the essay.
  • Working thesis: British Columbian schoolteachers are not paid enough.
  • Revised thesis: The legislature of British Columbia cannot afford to pay its educators, resulting in job cuts and resignations in a district that sorely needs highly qualified and dedicated teachers.
  • The linking verb in this working thesis statement is the word “are.” Linking verbs often make thesis statements weak because they do not express action. Reading the original thesis statement above, readers might wonder why teachers are not paid enough, but the statement does not compel them to ask many more questions. The writer should ask themself questions in order to replace the linking verb with an action verb, thus forming a stronger thesis statement, one that takes a more definitive stance on the issue. For example, the writer could ask: Who is not paying the teachers enough? What is considered “enough”? What is the problem? What are the results?
  • Working thesis: Today’s teenage girls are too sexualized.
  • Revised thesis: Popular media that overly sexualizes women, conditions teenage girls to believe that a woman’s worth depends on her attractiveness to men, a feeling that harms their self-esteem and behaviour.
  • It is true that some young women in today’s society are more sexualized than in the past, but that is not true for all girls. Many girls have strict parents, dress conservatively, and do not engage in sexual activity while in middle school and high school. The writer of this thesis should ask the following questions: Which teenage girls? What constitutes “too” sexualized? Why are they behaving that way? Where does this behaviour show up? What are the repercussions?

Exercise 9.4

Now, on a sheet of paper, write your working thesis statement. Identify any weaknesses in this sentence and revise the statement to reflect the elements of a strong thesis statement. Make sure it is specific, precise, arguable, demonstrable, forceful, and confident.

In your career you may have to write a project proposal that focuses on a particular problem in your company, such as reinforcing the tardiness policy. The proposal would aim to fix the problem; using a thesis statement would clearly state the boundaries of the problem and the goals of the project. After writing the proposal, you may find that the thesis needs revising to reflect exactly what is expressed in the body. The techniques from this chapter would apply to revising that thesis.

Text Attributions

  • The text under “Writing a Thesis Statement” was adapted from “ Outlining ” in  Writing for Success  by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution (and republished by University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing). Adapted by Allison Kilgannon.   CC BY-NC-SA .
  • Text also had been adapted from “ Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement ” in  Writing for Success  by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution (and republished by University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing). Adapted by Allison Kilgannon.   CC BY-NC-SA .

Provincial English Copyright © 2022 by Allison Kilgannon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Last Updated: Apr 01, 2024 Views: 16

What is a thesis statement.

A thesis statement is a sentence that states the main idea of your paper. It is not just a statement of fact, but a statement of position. What argument are you making about your topic? Your thesis should answer that question.

How long should my thesis statement be?

Thesis statements are often just one sentence. Keep thesis statements concise, without extra words or information. If you are having trouble keeping your thesis statement to one sentence, consider the following:

  • Is your thesis is specific enough?
  • Does your thesis directly supports your paper?
  • Does your thesis accurately describes your purpose or argue your claim?

Can I see some example thesis statements?

The following websites have examples of thesis statements:

  • Thesis Statements This link opens in a new window (UNC)
  • Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements This link opens in a new window (OWL at Purdue)
  • Writing an Effective Thesis Statement This link opens in a new window (Indiana River State College)

These web resources may be helpful if you are looking for examples. However, be sure to evaluate any sources you use! The Shapiro Library cannot vouch for the accuracy of information provided on external websites.

Where can I find more information?

Video tutorials.

  • The Persuasive Thesis: How to Write an Argument This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)
  • Research and Citation Playlist This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)
  • Planning a Paper series: Drafting a Thesis Statement This link opens in a new window ( Infobase Learning Cloud - SNHU Login Required)

More Information

  • Build a Critical Analysis Thesis This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)
  • Build a Compare & Contrast Thesis This link opens in a new window  (SNHU Academic Support)
  • Build a History Thesis This link opens in a new window  (SNHU Academic Support)
  • Build a Persuasive Thesis This link opens in a new window  (SNHU Academic Support)

Further Help

This information is intended to be a guideline, not expert advice. Please speak to your instructor about the appropriate way to craft thesis statements for your class assignments and projects.

Campus Students

To access Academic Support, visit your Brightspace course and select “Tutoring and Mentoring” from the Academic Support pulldown menu.

Online Students

To access help with citations and more, visit the Academic Support via modules in Brightspace:

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  4. How to write an OPINION ESSAY

  5. How to write a thesis statement in academic writing| English for Academic & professional Purposes

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COMMENTS

  1. 106 Canadian History Topics [Ideas & Examples]

    2) Determine your thesis statement. To define your thesis statement, you will need to turn your topic into a question. For example: Your essay topic is "Immigrant workers in Canada 1830-1840". Your preliminary thesis can be "British pauper children filled an important labor shortage on Canadian farms between 1830 and 1940."

  2. Canadian Identity Essay: 20 Essay Topics and Writing Guide

    According to the survey results, the most crucial to Canadian identity is an ability to speak French or English and sharing Canadian traditions and customs. Only 21% of respondents think that being born in Canada is essential for being Canadian. At the same time, being a Christian really matters only for 15% of respondents.

  3. How to Write a Thesis Statement

    Step 2: Write your initial answer. After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process. The internet has had more of a positive than a negative effect on education.

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    Schools should start at a later time of day. Inspired by this sample essay about school start times. Beginning the school day at a later time would stabilize students' sleep patterns, improve students' moods, and increase students' academic success. #15. Schools should distribute birth control to teens.

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    The following steps will help you throughout the process of developing your thesis statement:: Read the assignment thoroughly. Make sure you are clear about the expectations. Do preliminary, general research: collect and organize information about your topic. Form a tentative thesis. The following questions may help you focus your research into ...

  6. PDF Thesis Statements

    A thesis statement is usually one concise sentence that tells readers what your argument is and how you plan to shed light on your topic. It traditionally occurs after a more general statement of introduction in the first paragraph of your essay. It may be useful to think of the thesis statement as a road map that familiarizes your reader with ...

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    In my thesis, I build upon critiques of Canada's dominant narrative—that is, the story of the country's progressive march towards an inclusive, tolerant, and free society. Eva Mackey, 3 Justin Trudeau, "Statement by the Prime Minister on Canadian Multiculturalism Day," June 27, 2018,

  8. How To Write A Thesis Statement That Grabs Attention

    Characteristics Of A Thesis Statement. Clarity: A well-crafted thesis statement clearly communicates the main idea of the paper. It should avoid ambiguity and ensure that the reader understands the writer's stance on the topic. Specificity: The thesis statement should be precise and focused. It should address a particular aspect of the topic ...

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    A basic thesis statement will do three things: Names the topic. States an evaluative claim about your topic. Provides an overview of the reasons that support the claim. For example: The community policing model (1) benefits relations with the public (2) because it improves public trust and police officer safety (3). 1.

  10. A Comparative Analysis: Indigenous Students and Education Models in

    This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Global Honors Program at UW Tacoma Digital Commons. It has been ... Canada and the United States currently lack equitable education models for indigenous students, ... contemporary statement of standards that frame policies for the United States and Canada.

  11. 5.2 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement

    Remember that a thesis statement is often one sentence long, and it states your point of view. The thesis statement is not the topic of the piece of writing but rather what you have to say about that topic and what is important to tell readers. Look at Table 5.1: Topics and Thesis Statements for a comparison of topics and thesis statements.

  12. Writing your thesis

    A thesis is a significant original body of work. A good thesis is thoroughly researched, demonstrates rigorous critical thinking and analysis, presents a detailed methodology and accurate results, and includes tenacious verification of knowledge claims. ... Canada Research Chairs keyboard_arrow_right; ... In this preface or statement, the ...

  13. How to write a thesis statement + Examples

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    TIP: You can find thesis statements in many places, such as in the news; in the opinions of friends, co-workers or teachers; and even in songs you hear on the radio. Become aware of thesis statements in everyday life by paying attention to people's opinions and their reasons for those opinions. Pay attention to your own everyday thesis statements as well, as these can become material for ...

  15. Theses Canada

    The program launched in 1965 at the request of the deans of Canadian graduate schools. It strives to: acquire and preserve theses and dissertations from participating universities. provide open access to Canadian digital theses and dissertations in the collection. facilitate access to non-digital theses and dissertations in the collection.

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    Government of Canada. All contacts; Departments and agencies; About government; Themes and topics. Jobs; Immigration and citizenship; Travel and tourism; Business; Benefits; Health; Taxes; Environment and natural resources; National security and defence; Culture, history and sport; Policing, justice and emergencies; Transport and infrastructure ...

  17. FAQ: What is a thesis statement and how do I write one?

    A thesis statement is a sentence that states the main idea of your paper. It is not just a statement of fact, but a statement of position. What argument are you making about your topic? Your thesis should answer that question. How long should my thesis statement be? Thesis statements are often just one sentence. Keep thesis statements concise ...

  18. Thesis Statement For Immigration To Canada

    Thesis Statement. Immigration is a very common issue across the globe and more so in the western nations. Evidence from a 2014 study displays countries such as Australia and Canada as the leading countries receiving highest number of immigrants annually. This paper will argue that the reception of immigrants to Canada should be managed in a ...

  19. Thesis Statement About Canada

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