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Thesis Statement for Domestic Violence

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Published: Mar 5, 2024

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153 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples

A domestic violence essay can deal with society, gender, family, and youth. To help you decide which aspect to research, our team provided this list of 153 topics .

📑 Aspects to Cover in a Domestic Violence Essay

🏆 best domestic violence titles & essay examples, ⭐ interesting domestic violence topics for an essay, 🎓 good research topics about domestic violence, ❓ research questions on domestic violence.

Domestic violence is a significant problem and one of the acute topics of today’s society. It affects people of all genders and sexualities.

Domestic violence involves many types of abuse, including sexual and emotional one. Essays on domestic violence can enhance students’ awareness of the issue and its causes. Our tips will be useful for those wanting to write outstanding domestic violence essays.

Start with choosing a topic for your paper. Here are some examples of domestic violence essay titles:

• Causes of domestic violence and the ways to eliminate them
• The consequences of domestic violence
• The importance of public domestic violence speech
• Ways to reduce domestic violence
• The prevalence of domestic violence in the United States (or other countries)
• The link between domestic violence and mental health problems among children

Now that you have selected one of the titles for your essay, you can start working on the paper. We have prepared some tips on the aspects you should cover in your work:

• Start with researching the issue you have selected. Analyze its causes, consequences, and effects. Remember that you should include some of the findings in the paper using in-text citations.
• Develop a domestic violence essay outline. The structure of your paper will depend on the problem you have selected. In general, there should be an introductory and a concluding paragraph, as well as three (or more) body paragraphs. Hint: Keep in mind the purpose of your essay while developing its structure.
• Present your domestic violence essay thesis clearly. The last sentence of your introductory paragraph should be the thesis statement. Here are some examples of a thesis statement:

Domestic violence has a crucial impact on children’s mental health. / Domestic violence affects women more than men.

• Present a definition of domestic violence. What actions does the term involve? Include several possible perspectives on domestic violence.
• Discuss the victims of domestic violence and the impact it has on them too. Provide statistical data, if possible.
• Help your audience to understand the issue better by discussing the consequences of domestic violence, even if it is not the primary purpose of your paper. The essay should show why it is necessary to eliminate this problem.
• You can include some relevant quotes on domestic violence to make your arguments more persuasive. Remember to use citations from relevant sources only. Such sources include peer-reviewed articles and scholarly publications. If you are not sure whether you can use a piece of literature, consult your professor to avoid possible mistakes.
• Support your claims with evidence. Ask your professor in advance about the sources you can use in your paper. Avoid utilizing Wikipedia, as this website is not reliable.
• Stick to a formal language. Although you may want to criticize domestic violence, do not use offensive terms. Your paper should look professional.
• Pay attention to the type of paper you should write. If it is an argumentative essay, discuss opposing views on domestic violence and prove that they are unreliable.
• Remember that you should include a domestic violence essay conclusion in your paper too. This section of the paper should present your main ideas and findings. Remember not to present any new information or citations in the concluding paragraph.

There are some free samples we have prepared for you, too. Check them out!

• Domestic Violence and Conflict Theory in Society The Conflict Theory explains remarkable events in history and the changing patterns of race and gender relations and also emphasizes the struggles to explain the impact of technological development on society and the changes to […]
• Break the Silence: Domestic Violence Case The campaign in question aimed to instruct victims of domestic violence on how to cope with the problem and where to address to get assistance.
• Domestic Violence against Women Domestic violence against women refers to “any act of gender-based violence that results in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, and mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts as […]
• Annotated Bibliography on Domestic Violence Against Women They evaluate 134 studies from various countries that provide enough evidence of the prevalence of domestic violence against women and the adverse effects the vice has had for a decade.
• Supporting Female Victims of Domestic Violence and Abuse: NGO Establishment The presence of such a model continues to transform lives and make it easier for more women to support and provide basic education to their children.
• Domestic Violence and Repeat Victimisation Theory Domestic violence is a crime which often happens because of a bad relationship between a man and woman and usually continues to be repeated until one of the parties leaves the relationship; hence victims of […]
• Ambivalence on Part of the Police in Response to Domestic Violence The police have been accused of ambivalence by their dismissive attitudes and through sexism and empathy towards perpetrators of violence against women.
• Domestic Violence: Qualitative & Quantitative Research This research seeks to determine the impacts of domestic violence orders in reducing the escalating cases of family brutality in most households. N1: There is a significant relationship between domestic violence orders and the occurrence […]
• Domestic Violence: Reason, Forms and Measures The main aim of this paper is to determine the reason behind the rapid increase of domestic violence, forms of domestic violence and measures that should be taken to reduce its effects.
• Effects of Domestic Violence on Children’s Social and Emotional Development In the case of wife-husband violence, always, one parent will be the offender and the other one the victim; in an ideal situation, a child needs the love of a both parents. When brought up […]
• Guilty until Proven Otherwise: Domestic Violence Cases The presumption of the guilt of a man in domestic violence cases is further proven by the decision of the court in which the man is required to post a bond despite the fact that […]
• What Causes Domestic Violence? Domestic abuse, which is also known as domestic violence, is a dominance of one family member over another or the other. As a result, the probability of them becoming abusers later in life is considerably […]
• National Coalition Against Domestic Violence In addition, NCADV hopes to make the public know that the symbol of the purple ribbon represents the mission of the organization, which is to bring peace to all American households.
• Domestic Violence Ethical Dilemmas in Criminal Justice Various ethical issues such as the code of silence, the mental status of the offender, and limited evidence play a vital role in challenging the discretion of police officers in arresting the DV perpetrators.
• Social Marketing Campaign on Domestic Violence In this marketing campaign strategy the focus would be centered on violence against women, as a form of domestic violence that is currently experience in many countries across the globe.
• Behind Closed Doors: Domestic Violence The term “domestic violence” is used to denote the physical or emotional abuse that occurs in the homes. Therefore, it has contributed to the spread of domestic violence in the country.
• Domestic Violence Abuse: Laws in Maryland The Peace and Protective Orders-Burden of Proof regulation in Maryland and the Violence against Women Act are some of the laws that have been created to deal with domestic violence.
• Domestic Violence in Australia: Policy Issue In this paper, DV in Australia will be regarded as a problem that requires policy decision-making, and the related terminology and theory will be used to gain insights into the reasons for the persistence of […]
• Affordable, Effective Legal Assistance for Victims of Domestic Violence Legal assistance significantly increases the chances for domestic abuse victims to obtain restraining orders, divorce, and custody of their children. Helping victims of domestic violence with inexpensive legal aid is a critical step in assisting […]
• Domestic Violence: Far-Right Conspiracy Theory in Australia’s Culture Wars The phenomenon of violence is directly related to the violation of human rights and requires legal punishment for the perpetrators and support for the victims.
• Domestic Violence and Black Women’s Experiences Overall, the story’s exploration of the reality of life for an African American married woman in a patriarchal society, and the challenges faced by black women, is relevant to the broader reality of domestic violence […]
• Domestic Violence: Criminal Justice In addition, the usage of illegal substances such as bhang, cocaine, and other drugs contributes to the increasing DV in society.
• Witnessed Domestic Violence and Juvenile Detention Research The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between witnessed domestic violence and juvenile detention. Research has pointed to a relationship between witnessed violence and juvenile delinquency, and this study holds that […]
• Domestic Violence Against Women in Melbourne Thus, it is possible to introduce the hypothesis that unemployment and related financial struggles determined by pandemic restrictions lead to increased rates of domestic violence against women in Melbourne.
• Domestic Violence and Its Main Signs In general, the providers should be able to identify the markers of abuse by paying closer attention to the people they serve, treat, teach, or work with.
• Intersectionality in Domestic Violence Another way an organization that serves racial minorities may address the unique needs of domestic violence victims is to offer additional educational and consultancy activities for women of color.
• Domestic Violence and Primordial Prevention In addition, the promotion of social norms against violence and increased penalties for domestic and sexual abuse need to be supported at the legislative level.
• Healthcare Testing of a Domestic Violence Victim Accordingly, the negative aspects of this exam include difficulties in identifying and predicting the further outcome of events and the course of side effects.
• Financial Insecurity: Impact on Domestic Violence Therefore, this problem is global and widespread, and it would be wrong to assume that spousal abuse only exists when couples are poor.
• Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, or Elder Abuse In every health facility, a nurse who notices the signs of abuse and domestic violence must report them to the relevant authorities.
• Educational Services for Children in Domestic Violence Shelters In order to meet the objectives of the research, Chanmugam et al.needed to reach out to the representatives of emergency domestic violence shelters located in the state of Texas well-aware of the shelters’ and schools’ […]
• The Domestic Violence Arrest Laws According to the National Institute of Justice, mandatory arrest laws are the most prevalent in US states, indicating a widespread agreement on their effectiveness.
• Environmental Scan for Hart City Domestic Violence Resource Center In particular, it identifies the target population, outlines the key resources, and provides an overview of data sources for assessing key factors and trends that may affect the Resource Center in the future.
• Domestic Violence Investigation Procedure If they claim guilty, the case is proceeded to the hearing to estimate the sentencing based on the defendant’s criminal record and the scope of assault. The issue of domestic abuse in households is terrifyingly […]
• Educational Group Session on Domestic Violence This will be the first counseling activity where the counselor assists the women to appreciate the concepts of domestic violence and the ways of identifying the various kinds of violence.
• Domestic Violence and COVID-19: Literature Review The “stay safe, stay at home” mantra used by the governments and public health organizations was the opposite of safety for the victims of domestic violence.
• Domestic Violence and COVID-19 in the United States Anurudran et al.argue that the new measures taken to fight COVID-19 infections heightened the risk of domestic abuse. The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID 19 on domestic violence.
• Rachel Louise Snyder’s Research on Domestic Violence Language and framing play a significant role in manipulating people’s understanding of domestic violence and the nature of the problem. However, it is challenging to gather precise data on the affected people and keep track […]
• Domestic Violence Prevention and Restraining Order Since upon the expiry of a restraining order, a victim can file a renewal petition the current task is to determine whether the original DVRO of our client has expired, the burden of obtaining a […]
• Alcoholism, Domestic Violence and Drug Abuse Kaur and Ajinkya researched to investigate the “psychological impact of adult alcoholism on spouses and children”. The work of Kaur and Ajinkya, reveals a link between chronic alcoholism and emotional problems on the spouse and […]
• Domestic Violence Counselling Program Evaluation The evaluation will be based upon the mission of the program and the objectives it states for the participants. The counselors arrange treatment for both sides of the conflict: the victims and offenders, and special […]
• Domestic Violence and Suicide Risk Hence, considering these facts, it is necessary to put the notion of suicide risk in perspective when related to the issue of domestic violence.
• The Roles of Domestic Violence Advocates Domestic conflict advocates assist victims in getting the help needed to cope and move forward. Moreover, these advocates help the survivors in communicating to employers, family members, and lawyers.
• Domestic Violence and Home Visit Intervention As the study concludes, despite the increase in general awareness concerning domestic violence cases, it is still a significant threat to the victims and their children.
• Domestic Violence: How Is It Adressed? At this stage, when the family members of the battered women do this to them, it becomes the responsibility of the people to do something about this.
• Victimology and Domestic Violence In this situation there are many victims; Anne is a victim of domestic violence and the children are also victims of the same as well as the tragic death of their father.
• Domestic Violence Among Police Officers The objective of this research is to establish the level of domestic violence among police officers and relative the behavior to stress, divorce, police subculture, and child mistreatment.
• “The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment” by Sherman and Berk The experiment conducted by the authors throws light on the three stages of the research circle. This is one of the arguments that can be advanced.
• Domestic Violence and Diversion Strategies of Drug Offenders in Australian The article is very informative since outlines a couple of the reasons behind the rampant increase in cases of negligence and lack of concern, especially from the government.
• An Investigation on Domestic Violence This particular experiment aimed to evaluate the nature of relationship and the magnitude of domestic violence meted on either of the partners.
• Educational Program on Domestic Violence The reason why I have chosen this as the topic for my educational program is that victims of domestic violence often feel that they do not have any rights and hence are compelled to live […]
• Family and Domestic Violence: Enhancing Protective Factors Current partner Previous partner Percentage of children When children are exposed to violence, they encounter numerous difficulties in their various levels of development.
• Domestic Violence and Women in Abusive Relationships Despite the fact the author of the article discusses a controversial problem of domestic violence against women based on the data from recent researches and focusing on such causes for violence as the problematic economic […]
• Parenting in Battered Women: The Effects of Domestic Violence In this study, ‘Parenting in Battered Women: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Women and their Children,’ Alytia A. It is commendable that at this stage in stating the problem the journalists seek to conclude […]
• Domestic Violence Types and Causes This is acknowledged by the law in most countries of the world as one of the most brutal symbols of inequality.
• Alcohol and Domestic Violence in Day-To-Day Social Life My paper will have a comprehensive literature review that will seek to analyze the above topic in order to assist the reader understand the alcohol contributions in the domestic and social violence in our society.
• Power and Control: Domestic Violence in America The abusive spouse wants to feel powerful and in control of the family so he, usually the abusive spouse is the man, beats his wife and children to assert his superiority.
• Domestic or Intimate Partner Violence Intervention Purpose of the study: The safety promoting behavior of the abused women is to be increased using a telephone intervention. They were allocated to either of the groups by virtue of the week of enrolment […]
• Federal and State Legislative Action on Domestic Violence In 2004, the state of New York decided to look into some of the ways of preventing this form of domestic violence by forming an Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence in 2005, employers […]
• Substance Abuse and Domestic Violence: Comprehensive Discussion Substance abuse refers to the misuse of a drug or any other chemical resulting in its dependence, leading to harmful mental and physical effects to the individual and the wellbeing of the society.
• Environmental Trends and Conditions: Domestic Violence in the Workplace Despite the fact that on average the literacy rate and the rate of civilization in the world have been increasing in the past few decades, the statistics for domestic violence have been increasing on an […]
• Domestic Violence in the Organizations Despite the fact that on average the literacy rate and the rate of civilization in the world has been increasing in the past few decades, the statistics for domestic violence have been increasing on an […]
• Domestic Violence and Honor Killing Analysis Justice and gender equality are important aspects of the totality of mankind that measure social and economic development in the world. The cultural justification is to maintain the dignity and seniority framework of the family.
• Facts About Domestic Violence All aspects of the society – which starts from the smallest unit, that is the family, to the church and even to the government sectors are all keen on finding solutions on how to eliminate, […]
• Domestic Violence in Marriage and Family While there are enormous reports of intimate partner homicides, murders, rapes, and assaults, it is important to note that victims of all this violence find it very difficult to explain the matter and incidents to […]
• One-Group Posttest-Only Design in the Context of Domestic Violence Problem This application must unveil the risks and their solutions by researching the variables and the threats to the validity of the research.
• Help-Seeking Amongst Women Survivors of Domestic Violence First, the article explains the necessity of the research conduction, which includes the relevance of the abuse problem and the drawbacks of solving and studying it.
• Domestic Violence as a Social Issue It is one of the main factors which stimulate the study’s conduction, and among the rest, one can also mention the number of unexplored violence questions yet to be answered.
• Reflections on Domestic Violence in the Case of Dr. Mile Crawford Nevertheless, the only way out of this situation is to escape and seek help from the legal system. From a personal standpoint, to help her would be the right thing to do.
• Gender Studies: Combating Domestic Violence The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of domestic violence, as well as the development of an action plan that can help in this situation.
• Domestic Violence Perpetration and Its Predictors The implementation of sound research can help in addressing the problem and decreasing the incidence of domestic violence, which will contribute to the development of American society.
• Domestic Violence Funding and Impact on Society The number of domestic violence cases in the US, both reported and unreported, is significant. The recent decision of Trump’s administration to reduce the expenses for domestic violence victims from $480,000,000 to $40,000,000 in the […]
• Domestic Violence and Millennium Development Goals As a result, a review of the potential of MDGs for resolving the issue needs to analyze the contribution of the goals to the resolution of the instances, consequences, and causes of DV.
• Campaign against Domestic Violence: Program Plan In addition, men who used to witness aggressive behavior at home or in the family as children, or learned about it from stories, are two times more disposed to practice violence against their partners than […]
• Domestic Violence and Bullying in Schools It also states the major variables related to bullying in schools. They will confirm that social-economic status, gender, and race can contribute to bullying in schools.
• Domestic Violence Within the US Military In most of the recorded domestic violence cases, females are mostly the victims of the dispute while the males are the aggressors of the violence.
• Domestic Violence and Married Couples’ Issues There are different types and causes of domestic violence, but the desire to take control over relationships is the most common cause.
• Domestic Violence Impact on Child Maltreatment Reporting The present research aims to address both the general population and social workers to examine the overall attitudes to the reporting of child maltreatment.
• Domestic Violence Management and Budget Cuts On the other hand, the allocation of financial resources with the focus on awareness campaigns has also led to a lack of financial support for centres that provide the frontline services to victims of domestic […]
• Domestic Violence and Its Impact on Victims This paper highlights some of the recent cases of the violence, the forms of abuse involved, and their overall impacts on the victims.
• Family and Domestic Violence Legislation in the US In fact, this law is a landmark pointing to the recognition of the concept of domestic violence at the legal level and acknowledging that it is a key problem of the society.
• Domestic Violence and Social Interventions In conclusion, social learning theory supports the idea that children have a high likelihood of learning and simulating domestic violence through experiences at home.
• Domestic Violence Victims’ Right to Sue Authorities Victims of child abuse and domestic violence have the right to seek legal recourse in case of violation of their rights.
• Domestic Violence and Child’s Brain Development The video “First Impressions: Exposure to Violence and a Child’s Developing Brain” answers some questions of the dependence of exposure to domestic violence and the development of brain structures of children. At the beginning of […]
• Local Domestic Violence Victim Resources in Kent The focus of this paper is to document the local domestic violence victim resources found within a community in Kent County, Delaware, and also to discuss the importance of these resources to the community.
• Domestic Violence Activism in Law and Society I also suppose that some of these people may start lifting their voices against the law, paying particular attention to the idea that it is theoretically allowable that the law can punish people for other […]
• Theories of Domestic Violence It is important to point out that women have received the short end of the stick in regards to domestic violence. A third reason why people commit domestic violence according to the Family Violence Theory […]
• Nondiscriminatory Education Against Domestic Violence The recent event that prompted the proposed advocacy is the criticism of a banner that depicts a man as the victim of abuse.
• Domestic Violence in International Criminal Justice The United Nations organization is deeply concerned with the high level of violence experienced by women in the family, the number of women killed, and the latency of sexual violence.
• Project Reset and the Domestic Violence Court The majority of the decisions in courts are aimed to mitigate the effects of the strict criminal justice system of the United States.
• Same-Sex Domestic Violence Problem Domestic violence in gay or lesbian relationships is a serious matter since the rates of domestic violence in such relationships are almost equivalent to domestic violence in heterosexual relationships. There are a number of misconceptions […]
• Domestic, Dating and Sexual Violence Dating violence is the sexual or physical violence in a relationship which includes verbal and emotional violence. The rate of sexual violence in other nations like Japan and Ethiopia, range from 15 to 71 percent.
• Anger Management Counseling and Treatment of Domestic Violence by the Capital Area Michigan Works These aspects include: the problem that the program intends to solve, the results produced by the program, the activities of the program, and the resources that are used to achieve the overall goal.
• Understanding Women’s Responses to Domestic Violence The author’s research orientation is a mix of interpretive, positivism and critical science – interpretive in informing social workers or practitioners on how to enhance their effectiveness as they deal with cases related to violence […]
• Poverty and Domestic Violence It is based on this that in the next section, I have utilized my educational experience in order to create a method to address the issue of domestic violence from the perspective of a social […]
• Teenage Dating and Domestic Violence That is why it is important to report about the violence to the police and support groups in order to be safe and start a new life.
• Evaluation of the Partnership Against Domestic Violence According to the official mission statement of the organization, PADV is aimed at improving the overall wellbeing of families all over the world and helping those that suffer from domestic violence The organization’s primary goal […]
• Cross-Cultural Aspects of Domestic Violence This is one of the limitations that should be taken account. This is one of the problems that should not be overlooked.
• Domestic Violence in the Lives of Women She gives particular focus on the social and traditional aspects of the community that heavily contribute to the eruption and sustenance of violence against women in households. In the part 1 of the book, Renzetti […]
• Financial Planning and Management for Domestic Violence Victims Acquisition of resources used in criminal justice require financial resources hence the need to manage the same so as to provide the best machines and equipments.
• Violence against Women: Domestic, National, and Global Rape as a weapon for the enemy Majority of cultures in war zones still accept and regard rape to be a weapon of war that an enemy should be punished with.
• Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Development In cases where children are exposed to such violence, then they become emotionally troubled: In the above, case them the dependent variable is children emotions while the independent variable is domestic violence: Emotions = f […]
• Evaluation of Anger Management Counseling and Treatment of Domestic Violence by the Capital Area Michigan Works These aspects include: the problem that the program intends to solve, the results produced by the program, the activities of the program, and the resources that are used to achieve the overall goal.
• Knowledge and Attitudes of Nurses Regarding Domestic Violence and Their Effect on the Identification of Battered Women In conducting this research, the authors sought the consent of the prospective participants where the purpose of the study was explained to participants and confidentiality of information to be collected was reassured.
• Domestic Violence Dangers Mount With Economic, Seasonal Pressures These variables are believed to be able to prompt the family to explore the experiences and meanings of stress and stress management.
• Impact of the Economic Status on Domestic Violence This article investigates the possible factors that may help in explaining the status of women who are homeless and their capacity to experience domestic violence.
• Dominance and “Power Plays” in Relationships to Assist Clients to Leave Domestic Violence According to psychologists, the problem of domestic violence is based on the fact that one partner needs to be in control of the other.
• Art Therapy With Women Who Have Suffered Domestic Violence One of the most significant benefits of art therapy is the fact the patients get to understand and interpret their own situations which puts them in a better position to creatively participate in own healing […]
• Collaborative Crisis Intervention at a Domestic Violence Shelter The first visit is meant to collect the information that the professional in domestic violence deem crucial concerning the precipitating incidence and history of violence.
• Domestic Violence Exposure in Colombian Adolescents In this topic, the authors intend to discover the extent of association of drug abuse to domestic violence exposure, violent and prosocial behavior among adolescents.
• Domestic Violence and Its Classification Sexual abuse is the other common form of maltreatment which is on the rise and refers to any circumstance in which force is utilized to get involvement in undesired intimate action. Emotional maltreatment entails inconsistent […]
• Domestic Violence and Social Initiatives in Solving the Problem The absence of the correct social programs at schools and the lack of desire of government and police to pay more attention to the prevention of the problem while it is not too late are […]
• Domestic Violence in the African American Community Previous research has suggested this due to the many causes and effects that are experienced by the members and especially the male members of the African American community.
• Domestic Violence: Predicting and Solutions There are several factors which predict the state of domestic violence in the future and this will help in preventing domestic violence.
• Domestic Violence: Signs of Abuse and Abusive Relationships The unprecedented rejuvenation of such a vile act, prompted the formation of factions within society, that are sensitive to the plight of women, and fight for the cognizance of their rights in society.
• Domestic Violence against South Asian Women Again, this strategy is premised on the idea that domestic violence can be explained by the financial dependence of women in these communities.
• The Effects of Domestic Violence According to statistics and research provided in the handout, women are at a higher risk of being victims of domestic violence.
• Effect of Domestic Violence on Children This is done with the aim of ensuring that the child is disciplined and is meant as a legitimate punishment. Most of our children have been neglected and this has contributed to the increase in […]
• Domestic Violence and Elderly Abuse- A Policy Statement Though this figure has been changing with the change in the method of survey that was conducted and the nature of samples that were taken during the research process, it is widely accepted fact that […]
• Domestic Violence as a Social and Public Health Problem The article, authored by Lisa Simpson Strange, discusses the extent of domestic violence especially in women and the dangers it exposes the victims to, insisting that severe actions should be taken against those who commit […]
• Community and Domestic Violence: Elder Abuse In addition, the fact the elderly people cannot defend themselves because of the physical frailty that they encounter, they will experience most of the elderly abuse.
• Community and Domestic Violence; Gang Violence Solitude, peer pressure, need to belong, esteem, and the excitement of the odds of arrest entice adolescents to join these youth gangs.
• Fighting Domestic Violence in Pocatello, Idaho Having realized the need to involve the family unit in dealing with this vice, Walmart has organized a sensitization program that will involve the education of whole family to increase awareness on the issue. The […]
• What Is the Purpose of Studying Domestic Violence?
• What Does Theory Explain Domestic Violence?
• What Is the Difference Between IPV and Domestic Violence?
• What Age Group Does Domestic Violence Affect Most?
• When Domestic Violence Becomes the Norm?
• How Are Domestic Violence Problems Solved in American and Other Cultures?
• What Are the 3 Phases in the Domestic Violence Cycle?
• How Can Domestic Violence Be Explained?
• How Many Deaths Are Caused by Domestic Violence?
• When Was Domestic Violence First Defined?
• How Is a Domestic Violence Prevention?
• How Race, Class, and Gender Influences Domestic Violence?
• Why Do Victims of Abuse Sometimes Stay Silent?
• How Does Domestic Violence Affect the Brain?
• Is Mental Illness Often Associated With Domestic Violence?
• How Does Domestic Violence Affect a Person Emotionally?
• How Does Domestic Violence Affect Children’s Cognitive Development?
• Why Should Employers Pay Attention to Domestic Violence?
• What Are the Causes of Domestic Violence?
• What Country Has the Highest Rate of Domestic Violence?
• How Does Domestic Violence Affect the Lives of Its Victims?
• What Are the Possible Causes and Signs of Domestic Violence?
• How Does Socioeconomic Status Affect Domestic Violence?
• How Does the Australian Criminal Justice System Respond to Domestic Violence?
• How Does Culture Affect Domestic Violence in the UK?
• What Is the Psychology of an Abuser?
• What Is Police Doing About Domestic Violence?
• How Does the Government Define Domestic Violence?
• What Profession Has the Highest Rate of Domestic Violence?
• What Percent of Domestic Violence Is Alcohol-Related?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 26). 153 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/domestic-violence-essay-examples/

"153 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples." IvyPanda , 26 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/domestic-violence-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '153 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples'. 26 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "153 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/domestic-violence-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "153 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/domestic-violence-essay-examples/.

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IvyPanda . "153 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/domestic-violence-essay-examples/.

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📕 Studying HQ

Great argumentative essay topics on domestic violence with prompts, dr. wilson mn.

• July 31, 2022
• Essay Topics and Ideas , Samples

One of the most difficult parts of writing an argumentative essay is coming up with a topic and a thesis statement . Here’s a comprehensive list of Argumentative Essay Topics On Domestic Violence with Prompts.

Argumentative Essay Topics On Domestic Violence with Prompts

• The consequences of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: Some people consider domestic violence a common thing in a household. What can it lead to? Give examples and suggest solutions.
• Should domestic violence be taken seriously? Essay Prompt: Is domestic violence a common thing or a serious problem, which needs an immediate solution? Should women endure it?
• Officer-Involved Domestic Violence, Essay Prompt: The number of officer-related domestic violence has been on the rise, which causes concern about the safety of the family members of police officers. The main reason domestic violence has been on the rise is the stressful work environment that police officers go through.
• Theoretical Explanations for Domestic Violence Social Research Paper Essay Prompt: Domestic violence is one of the major societal problems experienced around the world. According to Guerin and Ortolan (2017), domestic violence encompasses aspects such as bullying, intimidation, and in extreme cases, murder perpetrated by an individual within a domestic setting.

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• How Does Domestic Violence Influence Children’s Education? Essay Prompt: Domestic violence and education: examining the impact of domestic violence on young children, children, and young people and the potential role of schools. Frontiers in psychology. This article explores the adverse effects of domestic violence on children and the role of schools.
• Types of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: Point out the ways women can be violated. What are the most dangerous ones? What are their consequences?
• Domestic violence: a personal matter or an open problem? Essay Prompt: In this essay, discuss whether domestic violence should be kept in secret or brought out to publicity. Give your reasons.
• Domestic violence: who is to blame? Essay Prompt: If a husband beats up his wife, is he a brute or does she really deserve it? Give your reasons.
• Why women bear it. Essay Prompt: Try to find an answer to the question: why do women endure violence? Is it the absence of self-respect or the power of love? Give your reasons.
• Domestic violence as the echo of the past. Essay Prompt: In the past, violence against women was acceptable and nowadays some men keep to such a stereotype. Is it reasonable to keep this “noble” tradition or should it become a thing of the past?

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Domestic violence argument topics

• How to protect yourself from domestic violence? Essay Prompt: In this essay, you should make a research and point out ways to protect yourself from domestic tyranny. You may consult legislative documents.
• I’m a victim: what to do? Essay Prompt: If one becomes a victim of domestic tyranny, what measures should be taken? How to punish the offender? Give examples.
• Social services protecting victims of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: What are the social services protecting victims of violence? What are their functions? Do they really help?
• How to recognize a despot. Essay Prompt: If husband has lifted his hand against wife once, he is sure to do it again and again. How can a tyrant be recognized and avoided? Offer your variants.
• Punishment for offender. Essay Prompt: Consult special literature and comment how justice can punish a person blamed in domestic violence.
• To forgive or not to forgive? Essay Prompt: Analyze the cases of domestic violence and decide whether tyranny can be forgiven. Decide whether it is reasonable, to give the offender one more chance. Explain why.
• Domestic Violence, Child Abuse and Rape Violence Effects on Individual or Community Essay Prompt: Discuss your knowledge of the effects these three crimes have on individuals and society as a whole.
• Negative Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay Prompt: This essay affirms that domestic violence poses a number of negative effects on children, including social development, brain development, and social behavior. (Domestic violence argument topics)
• Why Domestic Violence Victims Don’t Leave Essay Prompt: There were surprising things in the video; for instance, the domestic violence follows predefined steps when the victim is new in the relationship.
• Domestic Violence And Sociological Perspective Or Sociological Imagination Essay Prompt: Schools as Training Grounds for Domestic Violence and Sexual Harassment (Domestic violence argument topics)
• Find out more on  Argumentative Essay Topics About Social Media [Updated]

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Ideas for a Thesis Statement on Domestic Violence

Good Homeland Security Thesis Ideas

Depending on the type of paper that you are writing, your domestic violence thesis statement may answer a social services question, spell out the statistics or explain the hows and whys of a specific issue such as confidentiality or stalking. Crafting a thesis statement involves narrowing your focus and deciding on a point of view or position for the reader to follow.

Selection Process

Choosing one idea for your thesis statement requires careful consideration, evaluating the evidence and digesting the significance of the material or research on the subject. It may also depend on a specific topic that your professor requires. You're providing the reader with an introduction to your domestic violence paper and want to ensure that you clearly spell out your message and communicate why your point of view is important. For example, a general statement that simply says domestic violence happens between partners isn't clear and doesn't help the reader to understand where your paper is going. In contrast, a statement that says domestic violence affects 1.3 million people in relationships annually demonstrates a specific call for action.

Types of Injuries

Domestic violence isn't always the same. Some victims suffer emotional abuse, while others endure the physical kind. If your paper focuses on injuries incurred during spousal or relationship abuse, ideas for a possible thesis can address a particular type of injury. For example, traumatic brain injury is a possible result when one partner strikes the other in the head. If you choose this type of injury, your thesis should spell out how prevalent this is, why it is a problem and what the symptoms are. You may take an even more focused approach and design a thesis statement that includes the issue of repeat brain injury or the healing process. Other potential topics for your thesis in this area include bone breaks, bruises or weapon-inflicted wounds.

The Other Victims

The picture of the battered wife that the media depicts isn't always accurate. Not every instance of domestic violence is abuse against a woman. Women can assault men and men can also assault their males partners. A thesis statement on non-female victims of domestic violence may assert the position that prevention programs are essential for both genders or explain the problem of abuse toward males through facts and figures. If you're choosing this focus for your thesis idea, first define which population -- hetero- or homosexual men -- you are going to present in your paper. Doing so can help you to narrow the topic and present a concise statement.

Professional Issues

It's possible that your paper won't focus on the victims of violence, but instead on how the social service professional handles a client who is being abused. This type of thesis is often geared more toward a professional practice, ethics in practice or professionalism in the workplace course. You might, for example, include confidentiality as a topic and your thesis could reflect your position on why keeping client's identity safe is important. Other professional issues topics might include a statement on a specific counseling technique, an outline of legislation that social service workers must follow when it comes to client confidentiality.

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• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Thesis Statements
• Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence: Domestic Violence Topics
• National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women: Special Collection: Traumatic Brain Injury and Domestic Violence: Understanding the Intersections
• Time: The Surprising Truth About Women and Violence
• Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence: Stalking

Based in Pittsburgh, Erica Loop has been writing education, child development and parenting articles since 2009. Her articles have appeared in "Pittsburgh Parent Magazine" and the website PBS Parents. She has a Master of Science in applied developmental psychology from the University of Pittsburgh's School of Education.

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Violence against women in the Covid-19 pandemic: A review of the literature and a call for shared strategies to tackle health and social emergencies

a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

b Gynecological Unit and SVSeD (Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via della Commenda 12, Milan, Italy

M. Montisci

K. kustermann.

c Alessandra Kustermann, Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology Emergency Department and SVSeD (Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via della Commenda 12, Milan, Italy

C. Cattaneo

d Cristina Cattaneo, Full Professor of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health and SVSeD (Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 37, Milan, Italy

The aim of this article was to conduct a rapid critical review of the literature about the relationship between violence against women (VAW) and the current COVID-19 pandemic.

After the screening process, a total of 42 articles were considered. Our review confirmed that the “stay at home” policies to contrast the pandemic have increased the problem of VAW, creating a “shadow pandemic within the pandemic”, as it was called by the United Nations. However, rigorous studies estimating the relationship between VAW and COVID-19 pandemic are scarce; most of the articles are commentaries, letters, editorials, and most of the published data derives from social media, internet, anecdotal evidence and helplines reports.

Health care systems should promote further investigations into the relation between VAW and COVID-19, to identify creative solutions to provide clinical care and forensic services for victims of VAW.

1. Introduction

Violence against women (VAW) is a human rights violation and a universal issue, with great impact on victims, families, and communities [ 1 ]. In particular, intimate partner violence (IPV) is a specific type of VAW occurring in a family or a couple relationship that presupposes cohabitation. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), IPV can be perpetrated in various forms, including physical violence (beatings, torture, murder), sexual violence (unwanted intercourses, harassment), psychological violence (manipulation, threats, humiliations, intimidation), economic violence (obsessive control of finances; money subtraction) and stalking (persecution, obsessive control of phone calls or messages) [ 2 , 3 ].

Several authors have reported that women’s requests for help at antiviolence centers because of IPV substantially increase after natural disasters, and that this increase lasts for an entire year following the catastrophic event [ [4] , [5] , [6] ]. A 50% increase in police reports of IPV after a natural disaster was observed by Norris [ 7 ].

Several studies have revealed, for example, an increase in IPV rates and severity in women living in areas affected by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 [ [8] , [9] , [10] ]. Specifically, Anastario and colleagues reported that the rate of IPV increased following the hurricane Katrina from 12.5% in 2006 to 34.4% in 2007 [ 8 ]. Moreover, Schumacher and colleagues [ 11 ] found that, six months after Hurricane Katrina, the proportion of women reporting psychological victimization increased from 33.6%–45.2%.

Several reasons have been suggested to explain why IPV rates increase after disasters. First, disasters may contribute to a reduced marital satisfaction and may reinforce aggressive behaviors to manage relational conflicts between intimate partners. Second, post-disaster stressors situations, such as the economic disruption or uncertainty or increase in mental disorders, could contribute to increased aggressive behaviors between partners. Third, disasters may limit the access to important supports for women, for example family members or friends, or to professional services that might aid women victims of IPV [ 12 ].

Given this background, increasing IPV rates are of particular concern during the current COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), because the outbreak has affected nearly every country worldwide, causing a significant negative impact in relation to health, economic and social aspects [ 13 ]. In this context, which represents a more prolonged health and social crisis than most of those studied, one can reasonably expected that IPV reports are even greater than those seen during previous natural catastrophic events.

The ‘stay home, save lives’ slogan, widely used to protect people from the SARS-CoV-2 infection, becomes a paradox in the context of domestic violence [ 6 ]. In this regard, perpetrators of IPV may exploit the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions introduced by many countries to increase their power and control over women, who, forced to spend their time at home, may be completely isolated and unable to seek help. In a document released on 26 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) underlined that the restrictive measures enacted to contain and manage the COVID-19 emergency (e.g., quarantine, isolation, social distancing) could exacerbate the risk of violence against women, including intimate partner femicides [ 14 ].

Our personal experience in SVSeD (Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence, Milan, Italy) during the Covid-19 pandemic has reinforced our belief that the impact of the COVID-19 social restriction on IPV victims is greater than assumed. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related Italian national lockdown, we observed a substantial decrease in the number of women who asked for assistance at SVSeD. In particular, from February 24th to April 28th 2020, SVSeD offered emergency healthcare, forensic examination and psychosocial support to only 74 women victims of violence, among which 30 women asked for help because of sexual violence and 44 because of IPV. In the same period in 2019, SVSeD assisted 141 victims, of whom 66 were admitted for sexual violence and 75 for IPV, so there has been a clear drop in access which is estimated at around 50%. This drop in new accesses to SVSeD during the COVID-19 Italian lockdown should not be interpreted as a decrease in the cases of IPV, nor in complete contrast with the increased trend in calls to helplines described by the Italian National Department of Equal Opportunities [ 15 ]. We interpreted this data as a huge limit for women in requesting for help, and consequently the negative implications of the pandemic on victims could be even greater than imagined.

Given this background, the main aim of this article is to conduct a rapid critical review of the scientific literature related to violence against women after the WHO COVID-19 pandemic declaration on March 11th, in order to highlight possible solutions to provide clinical/psychological care and forensic services for victims of IPV during the pandemic.

2. Materials and methods

2.1. literature search and information sources.

A literature search was conducted using the Medline Database (PubMed.gov; US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health) and EMBASE Database with free text protocols (i.e. “Domestic violence”, “Sexual violence”, “COVID-19”, “Intimate Partner Violence”) individually combined through the Boolean operator “AND” and by using Medical Subject Headings (MEsH) terms. Appropriate search terms were constructed by reviewing titles, abstracts, and key words of a sample of articles investigating VAW during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies were then identified by systematically reviewing the reference lists of the papers that were found in this search. At the same time filters such as full-text, publication date from March 2020 to November 2020, and English language were activated. No effort was made to retrieve the results of unpublished studies. Since only published data were considered and no experimental studies were conducted, the current research project was exempt from institutional review board approval.

2.2. Eligibility criteria and data collection process

The present rapid critical review was designed to provide a broad overview on the problem of VAW during the COVID-19 pandemic; hence, the authors decided to include in the current review all types of publications reporting information related to VAW in the COVID-19 pandemic context, including original articles, opinion papers, commentaries, letters, editorials, and reviews.

With the aim to provide a wide perspective on VAW in the COVID-19 era, we decided to include in the review articles considering various outcomes (i.e. fatal or non-fatal events caused by domestic violence), different types of relationships between victims and perpetrators of violence (i.e. current or former intimate relationship), and all forms of IPV (physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, economical). Papers related to children and adolescents, as well as papers reporting mainly psychiatric outcomes (such as for example studies examining the association between alcohol or substances abuse and the COVID-19 outbreak), were instead excluded from the current review.

Two authors (A.V. and G.B.) conducted an independent screening of all titles and abstracts retrieved to exclude irrelevant or duplicate citations. The full-text of the retrieved papers was analyzed. A data extraction form was designed and applied to each article to extract information on the first author’s name, month of publication, journal, type of study, main subject of investigation, and proposed strategies for the management of VAW during the pandemic period.

3.1. Study selection

During the electronic database research process, about 80 articles were identified as potentially relevant. Forty-two (42) papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria (i.e. relation between COVID-19 pandemic and violence against women) and were included in the review, as reported in Table 1 .

Data extracted from papers included in the study after the literature search.

The remaining articles were excluded because they dealt with psychiatric outcomes after the COVID-19 outbreak or with the maltreatment of children and the related consequences in the COVID-era, and consequently they were not pertinent to the purpose of the study.

Complete author agreement (A.V. and G.B.) regarding included and excluded studies was achieved.

3.2. Study characteristics

The characteristics of the selected studies are extensively reported in Table 1 in relation to the following variables: first author’s name, month of publication, journal, type of study, main subject of investigation, and proposed strategies for the management of VAW during the pandemic period.

Among the selected papers, 17 consisted of articles, 21 consisted of correspondence, reports, commentaries, perspectives, letter to editor, clinical news, contribution and communications, 3 consisted of editorials and 1 is a review. No case reports were available.

Moreover, among the selected papers, 7 were mainly aimed at raising awareness on the problem of IPV during the current COVID-19 pandemic, 15 mainly dealt with the trend of calls denouncing VAW during COVID-19 pandemic, 20 mainly dealt with the proposal of new strategies for the management of VAW during a pandemic time. However, several papers dealt with more than one of the aforementioned issues (see Table 1 for detail).

3.3. Summary of results

3.3.1. raising awareness on the problem of vaw during the current covid-19 pandemic.

Many studies provided warnings about the risk of higher domestic violence rates, as a direct consequence of the restrictions established by most of the countries all over the world to manage the pandemic [ 38 , 44 , 50 , 35 , 40 , 36 , 46 ].

The United Nations Population Fund predicted a 20% increase in IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in all the UN member countries [ 52 ]. Gebrewahd and colleagues [ 48 ] highlighted the problem of this “silent pandemic”, assessing the prevalence of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ethiopia, through a data collection using interviews and a self-administered questionnaire for women of reproductive age. The authors found that the prevalence of IPV was at 24.6%, with psychological violence being the most prevalent form of domestic violence. For many women and children, being confined at home with a violent partner and parent is as dangerous—and for some, more dangerous—than the COVID-19 pandemic [ 38 ].

Evans and colleagues [ 44 ] pointed out how the pandemic has worsened women’s economic dependence on the partner, by increasing job losses and unemployment, particularly among women of color and workers without a high education. Moreover, the social restrictions have also limited women’s access to different sources of housing: shelters and hotels have reduced their capacity to host, and travel restrictions have prevented women’s access to safer places [ 44 ]. This is a critical point because, very often, the most dangerous time for a female victim of IPV is immediately after leaving the relationship, when the risk of a lethal event is particularly high [ 35 ]. If shelters had to limit their capacity to host, because of the social distancing guidelines for protection against the spread of the SARS-CoV2, the consequence could be an increasing risk for women and their children of returning home with the abusive partner, particularly if alternatives, for instance for economic reasons, are not available [ 35 ].

Another point to be considered is related to the economic instability caused by the pandemic, which may increase conflicts within families. In particular, job loss or unemployment may exacerbate men’s frustration, and this could lead to increased aggressive behaviors toward their partners [ 46 ].

Some authors [ 34 , 44 ] have emphasized the important role of the health system in preventing IPV. Women victims of IPV often seek medical assistance, but IPV injuries could be misinterpreted as routine trauma in a busy emergency department, especially if doctors are overwhelmed by coronavirus demands. There is an absence of valid policies enacted to make provisions for these situations [ 34 ]. On the other hand, most women who experience IPV simply do not ask for help. In these cases, health professionals have a unique opportunity to identify these women in health care services, to provide counseling and to connect women to the dedicated centers. Even this opportunity has often been limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, as health services had to cancel and/or reschedule nonurgent clinical visits, and consequently performing a safely screening for IPV victims became more difficult [ 44 ].

3.3.2. Trend of calls denouncing VAW during the current COVID-19 pandemic

In many countries all over the world a huge increase has been reported in the number of calls (comparing with the same period in 2019) from women subjected to violence by their intimate partner from the COVID- 19 pandemic declaration in March 2020, when the recommendation for social distancing first issued in many countries [ 24 ]. The World Health Organization reported that, comparing April 2020 with the same month last year, the online inquiries to violence prevention support hotlines had also increased as much as fivefold [ 24 ].

The vast majority of observations related to the trend of calls denouncing VAW during the COVID-19 pandemic specifically derive form helpline calls [ 42 , 18 , 21 , 29 , 30 , 40 , 13 , 19 , 24 , 31 ], with only few articles based on police reports [ 16 , 30 , 39 , 27 , 26 ]. Two recent studies concern the casuistry of reference centers of assistance for violence against women, from both of which an important decrease in the number of referrals for forensic examination mainly emerges [ 15 , 33 ].

The United States National Domestic Violence Hotline highlighted that many women reported the advantages taken from the social restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic by their abusive partners to further limit their access to support centers [ 21 ]. In addition to physical maltreatment, U.S. reports have also underlined that in some cases IPV perpetrators have used Covid-19 also as an indirect weapon against the victims, for example forbidding handwashing to increase the woman’s fear of contracting the infection or forbidding medical assistance in case of need [ 18 ]. In Canada, trend of calls to the Vancouver Battered Women’s Support Services have tripled, while in Alberta, crisis lines for IPV have reported a 30%–50% increase in calls [ 30 ].

Overall, a 60% increase in calls from women victims of IPV has been reported in the World Health Organization Europe member states [ 24 ]. In Italy, the Italian national network of shelters for women subjected to gender-based violence (D.I.R.E.) showed that from March 2 to April 5, 2020 there was a substantial increase (74.5%) of women’s request for help. Moreover, only one quarter of the total requests included women reaching such a network for the first time in their lifetime, whereas in 2018 this proportion was as high as 78.0%, meaning that women are constantly controlled by their abusive partners and the opportunities for a disclosure of the maltreatment are reduced [ 29 ]. In France there is a reported increase of 30% in domestic violence [ 18 ]. In India, in April 2020, the National Commission for Women (NCW) reported a twofold increase in complaints related to IPV after the implementation of the national lockdown [ 28 ]. In Perù, an analysis performed using data on phone calls to the helpline for IPV found that the incidence rate of the calls increased by 48% between April and July 2020 [ 42 ]. In Brazil, data from the 180 Hotline provided by the Ministry for Women, Family, and Human Rights reported a 17% increase in the number of calls denouncing VAW in the month of March 2020, when the restrictive measures first issued in the country [ 19 ].

Police reports due to IPV have increased in Argentina, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the USA [ 26 ]. In the Hubei province of China, Police reports showed a threefold increase of IPV cases in February 2020 compared with the same month last year. In the UK, female deaths from IPV between 23 March and 12 April had more than double, compared with the average rate in the previous years [ 27 ]. In the United States, the New York City Police Department reported a 10% increase in IPV reports compared to March 2019, the San Antonio Police Department reported a 18% increase in calls due to IPV in March 2020 compared to March 2019 [ 16 ].

Rhodes and co-workers (Rhodes et al. 2020) conducted a retrospective analysis of all the access for assaults during the COVID-19 lockdown (March 16-April 30, 2020), in all the emergency departments (ED) of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) verified rural level one trauma centers. With respect to the same period in the previous year, a statistically significant increase in assaults was found during the COVID-19 lockdown, particularly during the period after school closures. However, this increase is mostly related to penetrating injuries directed at white males by partners and unspecified nonfamily members, whereas assaults due to IPV perpetrated by husbands during the COVID-19 lockdown showed a dramatic reduction during the study periods.

This data is in line with our observation ― derived from a retrospective analysis of access in a public referral center for sexual and domestic violence located in an emergency department ― of a substantial (about 50%) reduction in the IPV victims’ requests for help during the Italian lockdown [ 15 ].

Similarity, Johnson K and colleagues [ 33 ] pointed out that in the first 6 weeks of the UK’s lockdown, the 47 sexual assault referral centers reported a 50% decrease in the number of access for forensic medical examinations after a sexual and gender-based violence.

However, although this trend seems contrary to the trend of calls to helplines for IVP, these observations should not be interpreted as a reduction of IPV victims, but as a dangerous limitation in women’s request for assistance and as a negative consequence of the pandemic-related restriction measures.

3.3.3. Proposal of new strategies for the management of VAW during the current COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as a crucial turning point for the implementation of adequate guidelines for the protection of domestic violence victims, as well as for the proposal of new strategies for the management of VAW during pandemics. The “stay at home” policies have increased VAW itself, creating a “shadow pandemic within the pandemic”, as it was called by the United Nations, involving women who are obliged to tolerate abuse within the home because of lockdowns decided by Governments all over the word to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Since appropriate WHO protocols for the protection of domestic violence in case of pandemic have not been created yet, many authors have proposed different interesting strategies, including the use of mobile health and telemedicine as an effective technique to discuss and counsel the victim using yes or no questions [ 23 , 49 , 44 , 6 , 20 , 45 , 27 , 37 , 41 , 32 ].

Several other authors highlighted the importance of the implementation of a routine inquiry for the presence of IPV integrated into remote primary care consultations, with a specific training for physicians to recognize signs of violence [ 3 , 22 , 33 , 34 ].

Chandan et al., [ 22 ] pointed out the important role of the active syndromic surveillance from local health protection teams, as well as the implementation of linked datasets between police and health records datasets to identify individuals at risk.

Other interesting proposals are related to the development of apps to allow women to ask for help without needing to make phone calls and code words to alert pharmacists [ 24 ], to the expansion of free and easy access to national helpline services available 24/7, as well as to the implementation of web-based services for victims of violence [ 47 ].

Moreover, of pivotal importance are the maintenance and support of both clinical and forensic services for survivors of violence despite the modifications to the provision of health care services because of the new needs due to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 28 , 17 , 51 , 36 , 43 ], as well as the redefinition of safe shelters [ 25 ].

4. Discussion

4.1. summary of key findings.

The current rapid critical review of the literature revealed that there is a higher risk of domestic violence, as a direct consequence of the restrictions established by most of the countries all over the world to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies reported a huge increase in the number of calls (comparing with the same period in 2019) from women victims of IPV from March 2020. However, rigorous studies estimating increases in reporting of VAW during COVID19 pandemic are scarce, as with earlier outbreaks such as the Ebola and Zika which also shored up serious consequences for women. In addition, among the papers included in the investigation dealing with the trend of calls denouncing VAW during COVID-19 pandemic, most of the published data derives from social media, the internet, anecdotal evidence and helplines reports and only few studies concern casuistry from police reports.

As the world is trying to cope with the current COVID-19 crisis by enforcing lockdown measures, many countries resorted to 'stay at home' orders. However, the ‘stay home, save lives’ mantra, which protects the public from COVID-19 infection, becomes a paradox in the context of domestic violence [ 21 , 6 , 16 ]. Measures to minimize the spread of the infection reinforce environments that facilitate behaviors perpetrated by one person within an intimate relationship to exert power over and inflict physical, psychological or sexual harm on another. The stress of confinement, financial uncertainty, attitudes about gender roles and a desire for control during disasters all contribute to an increased risk of IPV [ 30 ].

Data derived from an analysis of the requests for help at antiviolence centers during the lockdown period [ 15 , 33 ] showed a substantial reduction in the IPV victims’ requests for help, revealing a trend contrary to the data published on most of the papers retrieved from the literature review, with the objective to increase awareness on the problem of IPV during the current pandemic. This observation should not be interpreted as a reduction in IPV cases. Requests for help may decrease if movements are restricted, and/or where access to quality essential services is limited, or being administered differently, as a result of social distancing (e.g. counselling by phone, emails or other platforms), even if the reference center continued to operate at full capacity, without being affected by the need to relocate healthcare professionals due to the emergency.

The plummeting of the accesses of women seeking both medical care and safety from abuse to antiviolence centers observed during COVID-19 pandemic could be linked not only to mobility constraints, but also to fears of contracting the virus, as some centers could be located inside a hospital [ 15 ]. This situation of difficulty or inability to access to hospitals and reference centers of assistance for violence against women could also occur in other contexts or in case of other future calamities, in which the hospitals might become inaccessible, such as terrorist attacks [ 53 ], so that authorities must find timely solutions to prevent this from becoming an obstacle for women victims of IPV.

4.2. Implications for practice and future research

In light of the aforementioned results, we can deduce that the next step is to find strategies to reverse the trend of accesses to the antiviolence centers. This crucial need also emerged from the performed literature search, since most of the selected papers dealt with proposal strategies for the management of VAW during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 54 , 17 , 20 , 22 , 25 ].

We have to learn from the recent past, taking a cue from the critical issues that emerged during the actual COVID-19 pandemic regarding the assistance of women victims of violence, in order to develop effective strategies that can also be adapted to other emergency situations.

According to Zero and Neil, the healthcare system should respond with innovative telehealth interventions performed by a multidisciplinary team [ 32 , 6 ], including a preliminary evaluation and a planning of all the interventions, including clinical, forensic, psychological, social and legal aid. As regard to the collection of the forensic evidences of violence, which cannot obviously be done telematically, it seems also reasonable to organize and provide such a service outside the context of a healthcare center (if the victim does not need urgent clinical attention), to improve women’s accessibility.

4.3. Strengths and limitations of the review

The authors searched Medline and ENBASE databases, which are appropriate for the topic under investigation, i.e. the relationship between VAW and the current COVID-19 pandemic.

A limitation of the current review is that it is not a systematic review, as the authors did not perform a rigorous assessment of the quality of the included studies, nor use a systematic method to extract and analyze data from the studies. However, most of the studies retrieved on the topic under investigation were commentaries, opinion papers, communications, with only few studies reporting original data. The information from the studies was summarized and conceptually organized by themes based on relevant issues emerged from the analysis of the literature. This method of analysis appears appropriate considering the scope of the review, which is providing a wide perspective on the relationship between VAW and the current pandemic. The results were then critically synthesized and interpreted, to allow a critical overview of the problem.

5. Conclusions

While quarantine is an effective infection control measure, it can lead to significant health, social, economic and psychological consequences. COVID-19 and violence against women are inter-related pandemics, and health care system should learn from the actual tragic scenario in order to identify creative solutions to provide clinical care and forensic services for victims of violence, and to be able to face other future calamities, in which the hospitals might become inaccessible.

Credit authors statement

All persons who meet authorship criteria are listed as authors, and all authors certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content, including participation in the concept, design, analysis, writing, or revision of the manuscript. Furthermore, each author certifies that this material or similar material has not been and will not be submitted to or published in any other publication.

Authorship contributions

Viero A. and Barbara G. contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors

Conception and design of study: Viero A, Barbara G;

acquisition of data: Viero A, Barbara G analysis and/or interpretation of data: Viero A, Barbara G, Montisci M, Kustermann A, Cattaneo C.

Drafting the manuscript: Viero A, Barbara G;

revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content: Viero A, Barbara G, Montisci M, Kustermann A, Cattaneo C

Approval of the version of the manuscript to be published:

Viero A, Barbara G, Montisci M, Kustermann A, Cattaneo C.

Declaration of Competing Interest

Authors have no conflict of interests.

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‘He drove mum to it’

Russian journalist oxana goncharova faced years of abuse from her partner at home. after another attack, the man ended up in a morgue, while oxana was taken into custody. here’s her story.

Oxana Goncharova, a Russian journalist for business outlets Vedomosti and RBC, is a survivor of domestic abuse spanning over 10 years at the hands of her civil partner and father of her younger children Alexey Samusyov.

Black eyes, broken ribs, and knocked out teeth: this is how colleagues remember Oxana after “quarrels” with Alexey. The police were turning a blind eye to conflicts and battery for years, while attempts of her friends to help yielded no result.

In late September — at the time the journalist had long left him — Alexey stormed into Oxana’s flat and attacked her with a pair of scissors. Goncharova wrestled them out of his hands and struck back. Alexey died the same day, while the journalist was charged with murder and sent to a detention centre.

On 25 November, a Moscow court extended Oxana’s arrest until 29 January. The investigation team believes that she committed a premeditated murder of Alexey. Goncharova now faces up to 15 years in prison.

Oxana, 45, has three children at home waiting for her to come back. Her two younger kids have not even turned 11 yet. Novaya Gazeta Europe covers the story of Oxana, a woman who was domestically abused for years without any reaction from authorities and only managed to end it by retaliating, and is now facing a prison sentence for it.

“In early October, talented journalist for Vedomosti and RBC Oxana Goncharova, who we and many of you worked together with, got into trouble. Oxana was a victim of domestic abuse for 15 years. She did not have a single rib intact, had a broken nose, and many teeth knocked out. She split from her civil partner many years ago, but he kept coming to her place, beat her up, and was aggressive with the children,” Olga Pavlikova, founder of the TrendFox PR agency and Oxana’s friend, wrote on Facebook.

The post was published on 17 October when Oxana was already placed into custody. The tragedy we are covering now unfolded a little earlier.

According to the police statement, Oxana was at home with her two sons, Matvey, 10, and Arseny, 3, on 29 September. Alexey showed up at her apartment with his friend Maksim. The “guests” started drinking alcohol. At some point, Oxana and her ex started arguing, he took her phone and threw it against the wall, started berating her and hit the woman, Goncharova recalls.

“Out of fear for my life and health, I demanded that Alexey leave my place, but he ignored my demands. I was scared he could beat me up because he repeatedly inflicted physical pain on me in the past,” Oxana told the police.

As the fight went on, Alexey attacked Oxana with a pair of scissors, but she wrested control of the item and struck him back approximately in the collarbone area.

At the time, the journalist did not even think that she could have seriously injured her ex. Oxana told the police that Alexey remained conscious after the strike, kicked her, and left the flat by himself.

Noises started coming from downstairs a few minutes later. An ambulance arrived for Alexey. Oxana was swiftly detained, while the man died in hospital later that day.

‘...he then turned Oxana’s life into a living hell’

Oxana Goncharova was raised in a small town in the Volgograd region, southern Russia. In 1995, the 17-year-old girl moved to Volgograd, the regional capital, and got into the journalist faculty of a local university. This is where she met Saglar Manjieva, her friend through all these years.

“Oxana, of course, was a smart cookie. She was an example to follow in terms of studies, she is very logical and clever, a real hard worker,” Saglara remembers.

After the second year, Saglara transferred to Moscow State University. Oxana followed in a couple of years’ time.

Almost all students then were dreaming of moving to Moscow and get their own place to live. But it was not always easy.

“In her fifth year, Oxana got pregnant, and it was clear that she would keep it. It is a big challenge to be left without the support of a man who you fell in love with and got a child from at such a young age,” Saglara says. “Her number one goal was to graduate. But she went for it and gave birth to Petya (short for Pyotr — translator’s note ). And graduated with very good marks.”

After graduation, Oxana stayed in Volgograd for several years, and then in the mid-2000s moved to the Russian capital. She found a job at Vedomosti, a Russian business daily newspaper.

Oxana simply could not afford to live in Moscow; therefore, she took a mortgage for a flat in the Moscow region.

Oxana soon met Alexey at the new place, he was living in an apartment opposite hers. They got romantically involved, even though all her friends seemed to think that they had almost nothing to talk about.

Alexey (on the right). Photo: Odnoklassniki

“I don’t even know if he has ever read a book in his life,” Oxana’s friend Saglara told Verstka. “But let’s just say he was nice to look at. Oxana, of course, was achieving everything herself, but it was hard for her. When you are alone, with a child, and a man turns up who starts paying attention to you… I think this is what the deal was. On top of that, there were likely some feelings in the beginning of their relationship and no conflicts. Well, this period was very short and lasted about a couple of months. He then turned her life into a living hell.”

‘Maybe a welder or an electrician’

Oxana’s son Pyotr at the time lived with her parents in the Volgograd region. On the Radio liberty podcast, he said that he knew about Alexey’s role in his mom’s life and sometimes heard his voice when he called his mum.

According to Pyotr, his first impression when they saw each other for the first time was normal, nothing out of the ordinary. Pyotr was then either 9 or 10, his grandmother and he travelled to Moscow, and Oxana and Alexey were meeting them at the railway station.

The idea that Alexey seemed “normal” at the time now causes a great deal of dissonance for Pyotr.

“He was born in 1986 in Elektrostal [Moscow region], tried to seem like a mobster from the 1990s (a turbulent time in Russia’s history after the collapse of the Soviet Union characterised by high crime rates — translator’s note ),” Pyotr remembers. “He worked as maybe a welder or an electrician.”

Oxana and Alexey in 2011. Photo: Odnoklassniki

Pyotr soon became completely disillusioned with his mother’s partner. According to him, they regularly fought. “I started to slowly learn more about him as a person, and we were not close,” Pyotr says.

“I never saw him as a role model, there was nothing he could give me, he was just my stepfather, lived with my mum but not on a stable basis. He’d stay for a month and then leave. And it went on for all those years that my mum knew him, and they met around 2006-2007. There was no stability over this whole period. But what was there were conflicts and arguments.”

Pyotr was also on the receiving end of living with Alexey. According to the son, the stepdad felt at liberty to hit him for a bad mark at school and used force to “bring him up”.

He claims that Oxana was trying to reason with Alexey, but their conversation never yielded a lasting result.

Oxana’s son does not remember when he first witnessed violence between his parents. “He was always tormenting her. She wanted to leave this environment because the whole neighbourhood is like that. All of them, his buddies, grew up together and were taking the side of this man. The fact that he beat her up was seen as normal. She hated this person; she never forgave him and did not think he’d change.”

Dmitry, Alexey’s friend, confirmed to Novaya Gazeta Europe that the journalist had a difficult relationship with her civil partner. He described them as “strained” and explained that Oxana and Alexey were often fighting. Alexey never introduced his partner to friends or took her out with them.

When asked about Alexey’s occupation, Dmitry replied, “Don’t know, worked somewhere, helped his mum out in his free time.” At the same time, he saw Alexey as a “stand-up guy, a friend”.

Another friend of Alexey’s, Sergey, was even less enthusiastic about sharing his opinion on his buddy. “He was a good man. Nothing like the journalist that killed him.” he said and refused to answer any more questions.

In spite of all the continuous conflicts, Oxana and Alexey had a boy in 2012, Matvey, and another one 7 years later, Arseny.

Oxana and her younger children. Photo from personal archives

The journalist repeatedly tried to end this tumultuous relationship, but it was not easy. He lived just across from her. Moreover, Alexey’s mother and friends were quick to defend him. Meanwhile, Oxana did not have any relatives nearby to support her.

In 2019, Alexey was found guilty of making death threats twice but managed to get only suspended sentences despite his previous convictions. The verdicts do not name the victim but judging from the details it was Oxana, Verstka found out. In one of the cases, Alexey pushed the victim against the wall in front of the building entrance and threatened her with a knife.

The man was regularly detained on administrative charges by the police, in one of police reports he is labelled as a drug addict.

‘A spring cannot always be taut’

According to friends, Oxana often called the police, tried to file lawsuits against Alexey and hoped that all her visits to emergency rooms were recorded to be used later in court. Goncharova’s son Pyotr says that the police only sent back half-hearted replies and were not any help at all.

“At some point, I started fearing that he would kill her. Because the beatings were getting worse. It, of course, started with conflicts, scandals, insults, broken dishes, arguments, and so on. It snowballs and grows, turning into an avalanche a few years later. Then any fight was escalating into a scuffle and broken ribs,” Saglara remembers.

At that stage, Oxana did not have the necessary skills or moral resources to leave her abuser. “You have little kids, work, mortgage, you need to address the most basic and routine daily issues…” Oxana’s friend notes.

Oxana tried to sue Alexey twice but unsuccessfully both times. Verstka writes that the judge refused to hear her lawsuits on battery and light damage to health charges.

“I think that at some point Oxana realised that she just can’t do anything and focused on the kids to shield them as much as possible from this and somehow make their life better. She just decided to give up on her life and sacrifice herself for the children. A spring cannot always be taut, at some point it either shoots up or breaks. So, Oxana possibly just broke down at some point,” Saglara says.

‘Started showing up to work bruised’

The tense situation in Oxana’s family could not but had an effect on other sides of her life. Her Vedomosti colleagues repeatedly tried to help her but to no avail.

“Of course, we tried to support her as much as we could. We cheered her up if needed, collected money to help, and were convincing her not to tolerate abuse and to go to the police,” says Inna Kravchenko, who used to work as an editor in Oxana’s department.

It was not immediately clear that Goncharova was a victim of domestic abuse. “When we worked together (between 2007 and 2015 — editor’s note ), this horror was only starting to unfold. After several years of working together I noticed that she comes to the newsroom in tears or speaks very nervously on the phone. I asked her what was happening. She told me. And then later she started showing up to work bruised.”

Oxana sometimes wrote posts on Facebook, crying for help. Later, she would take them down, saying that everything was fine. People in the comment section were telling her to seek legal and psychological help, gave advice about crisis centres, and were writing words of support.

Friends, I gave everyone a fright yesterday. My situation is indeed complicated and I need to give credit to the police — they helped me many times. It is not the issue. If I send this skunk to prison (I have a case in court already), a bottle will fly into my flat. In winter. A broken window. Children. It is cold, and they are his pals who love and respect him a lot. It is not just about one person. It is a systemic problem. But I will get through this. I swear.

Screenshot: Facebook.

A chance to escape

Oxana’s friends and family time and time again were telling her to move to be far from Alexey who could ambush her near the building or break into the flat.

Financial difficulties were one of the factors preventing Oxana from starting a new life somewhere else. “She earned as much as she could and spent everything on the kids and mortgage,” Saglara says. “She could not afford anything extra. The issue was possibly that she was not brazen or audacious enough to earn more or ask for more.”

Olga Pavlikova, Oxana’s friend and colleague, confirms that Goncharova was struggling financially. “Oxana never complained, but it was obvious that her family was dysfunctional. She never had money, had nothing to wear for a business meeting.”

At the same time, Oxana and Alexey still had what seemed like better moments. Shortly before having her third child, the journalist was telling her friend that everything worked out and they were planning to get married. However, brief moments of peace and quiet never lasted, and conflicts, arguments, and beatings always ensued.

Oxana recently saw the light at the end of the tunnel. Three months ago, she paid off her mortgage for her apartment, and a bank approved her loan request to get a new place.

“Just recently we were talking about how to quickly get a flat on a mortgage. In other words, she had plans for the future,” friend Olga remembers.

However, Oxana never managed to move to a new place.

‘Alexey was butchered by your mum’

The day when Oxana was detained, her elder son Pyotr was in a different city. Several hours before the tragic turn of events, Alexey’s mother Lyubov called him to say that the ex-partners had had yet another fight. Lyubov promised Pyotr to call back when everything would quiet down — but never did.

Pyotr then called her himself and was told that Oxana was taken by the police. When asked what happened, Lyubov responded, “Alexey was butchered by your mum.”

In October, Oxana was placed in custody despite the fact that she had young children and the family was struggling financially. “I would very much like to continue helping my children with money. The crime victim had a big alimony debt, nobody ever helped me, I was the one providing for the kids,” she told the court at a hearing.

In 2017, Alexey’s alimony debt to Oxana stood at 180,000 rubles (€2,850) according to official data.

The investigation now treats Oxana’s actions as a premeditated murder even though according to the woman the blow was very weak and Alexey remained conscious for some time afterwards. Forensic expert Olga Fateeva explains how it is possible.

“We are told that the blow was dealt somewhere around the collarbone area. The neck is above the collarbone, and the chest is under. Major vessels and major neurovascular bundles are located in these areas,” she says.

According to her, the scissor strike could damage one of these vessels which led to bleeding. It could also start internally, and that’s why its traces were not visible at first.

“When major arteries, like aorta, are damaged, blood pressure plummets and people almost instantly faint. In case of smaller vessels, like the ones in the neck and the collarbone area, blood loss can increase as time goes on. This time can be quite short or can take several dozen minutes.”

Fateeva notes that her comment is only based on Oxana Goncharova’s police statement. An autopsy would be required for a more precise expert conclusion.

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Alexander Garanin, Oxana’s lawyer, told Novaya Gazeta Europe that he would seek to change the charge to excessive use of force in self-defence. This charge would only land Oxana in prison for a maximum of 2 years.

According to Garanin, Oxana remains upbeat, she does not complain about her custody conditions and “hangs in there”. Oxana’s son Pyotr has seen his mother just once since she was detained — at the court hearing about the form of her detention. “When I saw her, I somewhat realised that her agony was over. Emotional, psychological, physical — all this torment ended. Unfortunately, in the most difficult way possible. She was exhausted, her physical and emotional resources are drying up.”

Oxana’s younger kids — Arseny and Matvey — now live with Alexey’s brother who secured temporary custody over the boys, Olga says.

“Arseny is 3, he barely understands anything but always asks where his mum is. Despite his age, Matvey took everything like a man. He understands perfectly well why it happened, he says, ‘He drove mum to it’,” Pyotr says.

Saglara, Oxana’s friend, is still hopeful that the journalist will soon be able to come back to her normal life. “I have a lot of hope in the justice system, I hope she will be acquitted. Oxana had to go through a lot of sorrows and suffering in her life.”

“I won’t shy away from saying that Alexey was punished and deserved this punishment. He tormented her and her kids for so many years. It could not have been left without a trace. He is also a person, something went wrong in his life, he found himself behind bars many times. You can say that Oxana was sent to him so that he can change his ways, but he never understood it.”

Almost 80% of women convicted for murder or manslaughter in Russia were defending themselves against their partners. At the same time, the Russian Criminal Code still has no article on domestic abuse. Officials are inclined to say that the issue is “blown out of proportion” and that “the current laws provide all the necessary instruments” to address it.

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Developing ash-free high-strength spherical carbon catalyst supports

• Domestic Catalysts
• Published: 28 June 2013
• Volume 5 , pages 156–163, ( 2013 )

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• V. V. Gur’yanov 1 ,
• V. M. Mukhin 1 &
• A. A. Kurilkin 1  

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The possibility of using furfurol for the production of ash-free high-strength active carbons with spheroidal particles as adsorbents and catalyst supports is substantiated. A single-stage process that incorporates the resinification of furfurol, the molding of a spherical product, and its hardening while allowing the process cycle time and the cost of equipment to be reduced is developed. Derivatographic, X-ray diffraction, mercury porometric, and adsorption studies of the carbonization of the molded spherical product are performed to characterize the development of the primary and porous structures of carbon residues. Ash-free active carbons with spheroidal particles, a full volume of sorbing micro- and mesopores (up to 1.50 cm 3 /g), and a uniquely high mechanical strength (its abrasion rate is three orders of magnitude lower than that of industrial active carbons) are obtained via the vapor-gas activation of a carbonized product. The obtained active carbons are superior to all known foreign and domestic analogues and are promising for the production of catalysts that operate under severe regimes, i.e., in moving and fluidized beds.

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Gur’yanov, V.V., Mukhin, V.M. & Kurilkin, A.A. Developing ash-free high-strength spherical carbon catalyst supports. Catal. Ind. 5 , 156–163 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050413020062

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Received : 08 December 2011

Published : 28 June 2013

Issue Date : April 2013

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050413020062

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