what is a non research article

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What's the Difference Between a Scholarly and Non-Scholarly Article or Resource?

In academic research it is important to distinguish between scholarly (academic or expert) and non-scholarly (or popular) sources. While both types of sources are valuable in research, most academic work will favor scholarly sources over non-scholarly ones. Below you'll find a brief comparison of the two, and when to use each in your research.

Scholarly (Academic) Sources A scholarly publication is one in which the content is written by experts in a particular field of study - generally for the purpose of sharing original research or analyzing others' findings. Scholarly work will thoroughly cite all source materials used and is usually subject to "peer review" prior to publication. This means that independent experts in the field review, or "referee" the publication to check the accuracy and validity of its claims. The primary audience for this sort of work is fellow experts and students studying the field. As a result the content is typically much more accurate and advanced than articles found in general magazines, or professional/trade journals.

In brief, scholarly work is:

written by experts for experts
based on original research or intellectual inquiry
provides citations for all sources used
is usually peer reviewed prior to publication

A good example of the typical components of a scholarly journal article can be found in the Anatomy of a Scholarly Article from North Carolina State University Libraries.

Non-Scholarly (Popular) sources While many of your research projects will require you to read articles published in scholarly journals, books, or other peer reviewed sources of information, there is also a wealth of information to be found in more popular publications. These aim to inform a wide array of readers about issues of public interest and are more informal in tone and scope. Examples include general news, business, and entertainment publications such as Time Magazine , Business Weekly , and Vanity Fair . This can also include .edu and .gov sources you've found on the Internet, that have not been verified as a scholarly source.

Note * Special interest publications which are not specifically written for an academic audience are also considered "popular" i.e., National Geographic , Scientific American , and Psychology Today .

I've found a journal I like, but how do I know if it's scholarly or not?

One reference source that can help you make the distinction between scholarly and non-scholarly sources is: Ulrich's International Periodical Directory . Ulrich's can help you determine credibility of periodical sources as well as provide basic factual and qualitative information about many periodicals; it also indicates whether a journal is peer reviewed or not. They refer to it as being refereed . You can find which journals have been peer-reviewed by typing in the name of the journal you're searching for, and then from the search results there will be a little black heart-shaped icon nex to the title if it has been refereed. (See screen shot below)

Finding "Refereed" journals through Ulrich's search results

Another way to find articles that are scholarly is to check the Peer Reviewed option box that appears in many of our databases. This way, when you search, it will only pull up journals and articles that have been peer reviewed. Below is an image of where this box is within our EBSCO databases, but it also appears in many others, such as Academic OneFile, all the Gale databases, and all the ProQuest databases.

Scholarly/Peer-Reviewed check box location through EBSCO

If you are not finding your source on Ulrich's , and it doesn't meet the requirements for scholarly sources listed above, then err on the side of caution and assume it is not scholarly. Most sources, if they are from our databases, will say what journal they're from and whether or not they have been peer reviewed.

As always, if you need help at any point finding good peer reviewed sources, please don't hesitate to Ask Us !

Scholarly or Non-Scholarly Sources Quick Guide

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Difference between research articles and non research articles

Posted by adminlp2m
Categories Artikel
Date October 13, 2020

Article are written works designed to be published in journals or a collection of articles written in a scientific manner and follow agreed or established guidelines. Meanwhile, scientific articles in particular can be raised from the results of field research, the results of thoughts and literature reviews, or the results of project development.

In terms of writing systematics and contents, articles are grouped into research articles and non-research articles.

Research Articles

As the name implies, research articles are of course articles containing the results of a study, research articles contain the following characteristics.

First, it contains only important things which include research results, discussion of research results, and research conclusions. While other supporting material is made as concise as possible

Second, the writing systematics. In scientific articles contains Title, Author Name, Abstract, Introduction, Research Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions and Suggestions, & Bibliography.

Third, the writing procedure. There are three possible procedures for writing research articles. First, research articles are written before a complete research report is produced. The goal is to collect input from readers before the researcher completes the complete writing. This input is expected to improve the quality of the research findings. Second, results articles for journals are written after the official technical report has been prepared. This second procedure is applicable because generally writing official technical research reports is compulsory, whereas writing articles is only an advice. Third, research articles published in journals are the only writings written by researchers. This third alternative is usually carried out by researchers who fund their own research. For self-funding research, research articles in journals are the most effective and efficient communication forum.

Non Research Articles

If research articles require a study first, then non-research articles are not the case. Non-scientific articles are often termed articles on the results of thoughts on a problem as outlined in writing.

In an effort to produce articles of this type, the writer first examines the sources that are relevant to the problem, both those that are in line with or against what he thinks.

Suggested sources to refer to in order to produce thought-provoking articles are also articles of relevant thought results, previous research results, in addition to theories that can be extracted from textbooks.

The most vital part of a research article is the author’s opinion or stance on the subject discussed, which is developed from an analysis of previously published thoughts on the same problem and the author’s new thoughts about what needs to be studied if any.

So, thought-provoking articles are not just excerpts from a number of articles, let alone transplanting writings from a number of sources, but are the results of the writer’s analytical and critical thinking.

The provisions for writing non-research articles basically also apply to writing short papers (i.e. papers that are not more than 20 pages in length), except in abstract short papers and keywords are not required.

The term non-research article refers to any type of scientific article that is not a research report. Articles that fall into the category of non-research articles include articles that examine a theory, concept or principle, develop a model, describe certain facts or phenomena, assess a product, and many other types. Because of the variety of these types of articles, the way they are presented in journals varies widely.

A non-research article contains the essentials; Therefore, usually the number of pages provided is not much (between 10-20 pages). The main elements that must be present in non-research and systematic articles are: article title, author’s name, abstract and keywords, introduction, main part, closing, and list of references.

That is some information regarding research and non-research articles, hopefully it can be understood and useful.

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Organizing Research for Arts and Humanities Papers and Theses

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What are Primary and Secondary Sources
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What is a Scholarly Source

Both scholarly and non-scholarly materials have a place in arts and humanities research. Their use, and even their definition, depends on the context of the research project.

Books, conference publications, and academic journal articles, regardless of whether they are print-based or electronic, are common types of scholarly materials, which share the following characteristics:

The authors are scholars or researchers with known affiliations and educational/research credentials
The authors cite other sources, be they primary or secondary. Many scholarly publications include citations to other sources and bibliographies
The language used is either academic or complex, and may include disciplinary or theoretical lingo
The publisher is a scholarly press that practices editorial review to ensure that content and context adhere to the expected research parameters
The intended audience is composed of researchers, scholars, academics, and other informed or specialized readership.

Scholarly and academic journals, which are periodic publications that contain articles, have additional characteristics, such as:

An editorial process that is peer reviewed or refereed
They publish long articles (essays that are ordinarily at least 10 pages), which may also inlcude an abstract. Scholarly journals often publish essay-length scholarly book reviews, which include citations to other sources
Scholarly journals are published relatively infrequently, usually quarterly (once every 3 months), semi-annually (twice a year), or annually (once a year).

Use the points above to evaluate the scholarly nature of internet sites. It helps if the site's URL ends in .edu.

So far, so good.

But things are not always clear cut, and here are some complexities to keep in mind:

Scholarly materials in art, architecture, theater, cinema, and related fields often include images
Images may constitute a large portion of such publications, with text used to illustrate, contextualize, critique, or explicate the visual component
There may be fewer citations to other sources, and the bibliographies may be shorter
The author may be a creative practitioner, such as, for example, an architect or a playwright
The author may be a multi-disciplinary intellectual of a transnational stature, who does not rely on the commonly acceptable scholarly apparatus. For example, works by Roland Barthes, which lack footnotes or bibliographies, are considered scholarly. An essay by Jean Baudrillard about Disneyworld, which appeared in the French daily newspaper Liberation , may also be considered scholarly, given the stature of the author and his importance in the development of a particular theoretical analysis of popular culture.

What is a Non-Scholarly Source

Non-scholarly materials usually consiste of, but are not limited to:

News sources, newspapers, and materials that are time-based and get updated frequently
Sources that are primarily journalistic
Sources written for a broad readership
Sources that are advocacy or opinion-based. Keep in mind that opinion-based articles, scholarly news, and letters to the editor get published in scholarly journals alongside scholarly articles.
Sources that lack references to other sources
Data and statistical publications and compilations
Primary sources
Trade and professional sources
Reviews of books, movies, plays, or gallery and art shows, that are not essay-length and that do not inlcude a bibliographic context

Non-scholarly materials are legitimate sources for research in the arts and humanities, and should be used in context, just as scholarly sources must be used in context. For example, if you are researching something that happened very recently, you will have to, by necessity, use non-scholarly sources. It takes time for scholarship to be written, reviewed by peers, and published. In addition, there is no guarantee that your particular topic is of interest to other scholars. In such cases, look for scholarly materials in related areas that can provide a critical framework for you to use in analyzing your topic.

Remember to keep track of your sources, regardless of the stage of your research. The USC Libraries have an excellent guide to citation styles and to citation management software .

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Distinguishing between different types of journal articles

When writing a paper or conducting academic research, you’ll come across many different types of sources, including periodical articles. Periodical articles can be comprised of news accounts, opinion, commentary, scholarly analysis, and/or reports of research findings. There are three main types of periodicals that you will encounter: scholarly/academic, trade, and popular. The chart below will help you identify which type of periodical your article comes from.

Text and chart adapted from the WSU University Libraries' How to Distinguish Between Types of Periodicals and Types of Periodicals guides

What makes information peer-reviewed vs. scholarly vs. non-scholarly? Which type of source should I use?

What makes information peer-reviewed vs. scholarly vs. non-scholarly?
Which type of source should I use?

There is a nuanced distinction between peer-review and scholarship, which typically doesn't matter when evaluating sources for possible citation in your own work. Peer-review is a process through which editors of a journal have other experts in the field evaluate articles submitted to the journal for possible publication. Different journals have different ways of defining an expert in the field. Scholarly works, by contrast have an editorial process, but this process does not involve expert peer-reviewers. Rather, one or more editors, who are themselves often highly decorated scholars in a field, evaluate submissions for possible publication. This editorial process can be more economically driven than a peer-review process, with a greater emphasis on marketing and selling the published material, but as a general rule this distinction is trivial with regard to evaluating information for possible citation in your own work.

What is perhaps a more salient way of thinking about the peer-review / scholarship distinction is to recognize that while peer-reviewed information is typically highly authoritative, and is generally considered "good" information, the absence of a peer-review process doesn't automatically make information "bad." More specifically, the only thing the absence of a peer-review process means is that information published in this manner is not peer-reviewed. Nothing more. Information that falls into this category is sometimes referred to as "non-scholarly" information -- but again, that doesn't mean this information is somehow necessarily problematic.

Where does that leave you in terms of deciding what type of information to use in producing your own work? That is a highly individual decision that you must make. The Which type of source should I use? tab in this box offers further guidance on answering this question, though it is important to be aware that many WSU instructors will only consider peer-reviewed sources to be acceptable in the coursework you turn in . You can ask your instructor for his or her thoughts on the types of sources s/he will accept in student work.

Image: Martin Grater. (2017, Nov. 1). Deep Thought. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/152721954@N05/24304490568/. Used under the Creative Commons License.

Your topic and research question or thesis statement will guide you on which resources are best. Sources can be defined as primary, secondary and tertiary levels away from an event or original idea. Researchers may want to start with tertiary or secondary source for background information. Learning more about a topic will help most researchers make better use of primary sources.

While articles from scholarly journals are often the most prominent of the sources you will consider incorporating into your coursework, they are not the only sources available to you. Which sources are most appropriate to your research is a direct consequence of they type of research question you decide to address. In other words, while most university-level papers will require you to reference scholarly sources, not all will. A student in an English course writing a paper analyzing Bob Dylan's lyrics, for example, may find an interview with Dylan published in Rolling Stone magazine a useful source to cite alongside other scholarly works of literary criticism.

The WSU University Libraries' What Sources Should I Use? handout, as well as the other sub-tabs under the Evaluating information section of this guide (which is indeed the section you are currently viewing) offer further guidance on understanding and identifying scholarly resources, and comparing them against different criteria to evaluate if they will be of value to your research. How many non-scholarly works (if any) you are at liberty to cite alongside scholarly ones is often a question to ask of your professor. Some may not want you to cite any, whereas others may be ok with some non-scholarly works cited alongside scholarly ones.

Image: Brett Woods. (2006, Jan. 6). Deep Thoughts. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/brettanicus/87653641/. Used under the Creative Commons License.

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Q. What's the difference between a research article (or research study) and a review article?

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Answered By: Priscilla Coulter Last Updated: Jul 26, 2024 Views: 236004

A research paper is a primary source ...that is, it reports the methods and results of an original study performed by the authors . The kind of study may vary (it could have been an experiment, survey, interview, etc.), but in all cases, raw data have been collected and analyzed by the authors , and conclusions drawn from the results of that analysis.

Research papers follow a particular format. Look for:

A brief introduction will often include a review of the existing literature on the topic studied, and explain the rationale of the author's study. This is important because it demonstrates that the authors are aware of existing studies, and are planning to contribute to this existing body of research in a meaningful way (that is, they're not just doing what others have already done).
A methods section, where authors describe how they collected and analyzed data. Statistical analyses are included. This section is quite detailed, as it's important that other researchers be able to verify and/or replicate these methods.
A results section describes the outcomes of the data analysis. Charts and graphs illustrating the results are typically included.
In the discussion , authors will explain their interpretation of their results and theorize on their importance to existing and future research.
References or works cited are always included. These are the articles and books that the authors drew upon to plan their study and to support their discussion.

You can use the library's databases to search for research articles:

A research article will nearly always be published in a peer-reviewed journal; click here for instructions on limiting your searches to peer-reviewed articles .
If you have a particular type of study in mind, you can include keywords to describe it in your search . For instance, if you would like to see studies that used surveys to collect data, you can add "survey" to your topic in the database's search box. See this example search in our EBSCO databases: " bullying and survey ".
Several of our databases have special limiting options that allow you to select specific methodologies. See, for instance, the " Methodology " box in ProQuest's PsycARTICLES Advanced Search (scroll down a bit to see it). It includes options like "Empirical Study" and "Qualitative Study", among many others.

A review article is a secondary source ...it is written about other articles, and does not report original research of its own. Review articles are very important, as they draw upon the articles that they review to suggest new research directions, to strengthen support for existing theories and/or identify patterns among exising research studies. For student researchers, review articles provide a great overview of the existing literature on a topic. If you find a literature review that fits your topic, take a look at its references/works cited list for leads on other relevant articles and books!