phd in international law topics

PhD Topics 2020-2021

General description.

iCourts 2.0 seeks to explain and make intelligible the relative and often contested power of international courts, institutions and law. While the current resistance to international courts and law is interesting in this regard, we generally encourage projects that more broadly explore the power of international courts in relation to law, politics and society.  

• The transformation of legal practices by international courts and institutions. For example, how international courts create new cognitive frames, principles and values, and whether or how these innovations change legal practices at the global, regional and national levels;  
• The impact of international courts and institutions on politics, its processes and outcomes: For example, how different actors make use of ICs – directly and indirectly – and whether and how such actions generate new interests and preferences at the global, regional and national levels;  
• Changes in society triggered by international courts, institutions and law. For example, how ICs influence state, group and citizen relationships, and whether and how they help to generate new rights, duties and processes at the global, regional and national levels.  
• For the IMAGINE project, we particularly look for projects interested in interdisciplinary study of how key ideas have influenced EU constitutionalism.    

Individual areas of supervision

Mikael rask madsen, comparative studies of international courts.

I generally welcome projects which explore the historical and contemporary evolution of international courts, using comparative methods. I am particularly interested in studies that can identify and assess the power of international courts in domestic law, politics and society. Projects can explore specific courts more generally or zoom in on certain substantive or procedural mechanisms of international courts.

The Frontier of Human Rights I: Adjudicating Psychological Forms of Torture

Torture techniques are undergoing chance. They are increasingly clean and cause pain without leaving marks. This has however had the effect that it is also increasingly difficult for lawyers to convey and prove torture claims in court. The international law definition of torture however makes it very clear that both physical and mental pain are included. Nevertheless, human rights courts, ruling on cases involving severe mental pain or suffering, have tended, with some limited exceptions, not to recognize harms which do not involve clear physical signs of violence as torture. I invite applicants who would like to explore 1) why proving and litigating contemporary forms of no-touch torture is such an up-hill battle, and, 2) to propose ways to remedy the current situation.

The Frontier of Human Rights II: Implementing Human Rights Case Law

One of the biggest challenges for many human rights regimes is ensure that the decisions of international courts and commissions are in fact implemented. I welcome studies that explores either specific substantive areas of human rights law or more generally examines the pathways to implementing international decisions and judgments. The courts and commissions in focus can be regional or international and the study can involve the study of one or more domestic systems.

Contact person: Mikael Rask Madsen, email: [email protected]

Henrik Palmer Olsen

I welcome projects seeking to explore how citizens can be protected against discriminatory outcomes of algorithms used for predictive analytics in public administration and/or the police. The project should focus on discrimination law in a Danish and/or European context, but could include a comparative dimension – for example with US practices in policing and administrative law and could include an inquiry into the use of de-biasing in predictive analytics. The project should investigate how best to halt discriminatory outcomes of decision-making that is based on predictive analytics.

Contact person: Henrik Palmer Olsen, email: [email protected]

EUPoLex Jean Monnet Chair in EU Law & Politics: Juan A. Mayoral & Shai Dothan

EUPoLex welcomes doctoral projects for the current PhD 2020/21 call that explore the intersection between EU law and Politics, the judicialization of EU affairs and the construction of European judicial governance. The Chair would particularly favor projects, which explore the dynamics of judicial cooperation and the empowerment of courts vis-à-vis other powers (e.g. motivations and strategic considerations of judges when applying the law), legal mobilization (how lawyers and agents of the civil society litigate), and the public support for the national and European judiciaries.

PhD candidates should have a strong interest in applying interdisciplinary approaches and empirical qualitative and/or quantitative methods, such as interviews, survey, experiments, network analysis, statistics, process-tracing, cases studies, among others. Specialization in EU law and knowledge in other disciplines (political science, law & economics, history of European integration, etc.) will be viewed as an advantage. If successful, the aspirant will have the chance to develop and strengthen her/his methodological skills and competences by attending the methodological courses organized under the auspices of the Jean Monnet Chair and the PhD School. 

The applicants will be co-supervised by Associate professors Juan A. Mayoral and Shai Dothan. You might find more information about the Chair and its aims in the following link: https://jura.ku.dk/eupolex/

If you are interested in applying, please, do not hesitate to contact: Juan A. Mayoral, email: [email protected] & Shai Dothan, email: [email protected]  

I welcome projects in the field of international economic law (IEL), including trade and investment relations, as well as international arbitration. In particular, I am glad to offer supervision to projects, which critically examine prospects of multilateralization of IEL dispute resolution, including such phenomena as the crisis of the WTO AB, impact of regional trade and investment initiatives, and the work of UNCITRAL Working Group III on the postulated reform of ISDS.

Other areas of potential supervision include the study of dispute resolution mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative; proliferation of Special Economic Zones and their relation to international trade law and investment treaty law; and international commercial courts.

Contact person: Joanna Lam, email: [email protected]

Astrid Kjeldgaard-Pedersen

I welcome projects in general international law as well as in international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and international criminal law. In particular, as a part of the INTERMIL project, I offer supervision of projects engaging with international law as it applies in military operations and in cyberspace.

Contact person: Astrid Kjeldgaard-Pedersen, email: [email protected]

Shai Dothan

Judicial Strategies, the Normative Justifications for the Intervention of International Courts, and the Impact of International Courts on Society I welcome suggestions for dissertations that will focus on the  behaviour  of international courts and the ways they maintain their political position. Such suggestions can focus on actors that interact with international courts as well, such as national courts, governments, Non-Governmental Organizations, and professional lawyers. These suggestions should focus descriptively on the strategic  behaviour of international courts and at strategic moves such as backlash, political resistance, and collaboration used by other actors vis-à-vis international courts.

I also welcome suggestions to assess normatively the legitimacy and the potential outcomes of intervention by international courts. These suggestions can assess in which issues or under what conditions international courts are justified in intervening in domestic affairs and in which issues this intervention is illegitimate or would lead to bad results. The analysis can assist in determining the borders of the margin of appreciation, subsidiarity, complementarity, or other doctrines of deference. Finally, I welcome suggestions on the impact that international courts have on society. Are international courts likely to help disadvantaged social groups to improve their position? Are there certain guidelines that can lead to the development of good legal doctrine by international courts?

Contact person: Shai Dothan, email: [email protected]

Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen

Empirical approaches to refugee, migration and mobility law. This may cover topics such as: European or Nordic asylum adjudication (see current DATA4ALL project), the interaction between international migration and human rights law, normative evolution in asylum and migration law, the role and impact of international litigation in migration law, and projects focusing on specific mobility regimes (e.g. cruise ships, shipping, international aviation). Interdisciplinary projects are welcome, drawing on e.g. political science, International Relations, sociology, anthropology or data science in addition to law.

Contact person: Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, email: [email protected]

Jan Komarek

In the area of the ERC-funded project IMAGINE we welcome proposals alongside the following themes: 1)  Ideas and ideologies of European constitutionalism , taking a critical approach to the existing theories of European constitutionalism and examining their potential to serve as ideologies. 2)  1989, “The End of History” and the post-communist statehood in Europe ; proposed projects would be theoretically oriented and examine whether, and if so, how, the attempts to transform the state and its institutions reflected neoliberal ideology of the time. 3)  Rethinking Law, Capitalism and Democracy  would focus on the various ties between capitalism, democracy and law – either at international/European level, or in the context of national constitutionalism.

Beyond IMAGINE we are interested in projects that seek to examine  judicial legitimacy from the normative perspective . The project can be theoretically oriented (embedded in constitutional and/or political theory), or seek to understand the issues concerning judicial legitimacy in a particular context: supranational, transnational or international adjudication, as well as more traditional fields (judicial review, constitutional adjudication or judicial law-making in the national context). Proposals that intend to look at the mutual interaction among the different contexts are particularly welcome.

Contact person:  Jan Komárek, email: [email protected]

Mikkel Jarle Christensen

I welcome PhD projects on criminal justice systems, especially those that have developed at the border or outside of the state. Such systems include international criminal justice that has been built around international criminal courts as well as more transnational patterns of cooperation between criminal justice stakeholders such as prosecution services and the police. In particular, I welcome original projects that take an empirical, theoretically informed approach to studying how criminal justice has been developed at the border or outside of the state and how this has affected societal attempts at curbing globalized crime.

Contact person: Mikkel Jarle Christensen, email: [email protected]

Veronika Fikfak

• topics related to regulation of internet giants through human rights and international law
• topics related to human rights compliance with international treaties and judgments
• topics studying behaviour of states in international law (including through the use of behavioural economics and psychology)
• topics studying the work and functions of judges on international and domestic level (including from psychological perspectives)
• topics studying domestic implementation of international law by courts and parliaments

Contact person: Veronika Fikfak, email: [email protected]

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Foreign Law Guide

General Guides and Resources for Public International Law

• GlobaLex Research guides to international law (by subject) and foreign law (by jurisdiction) from NYU's Hauser Global Law School Program.

• ASIL Research Guide to Public International Law An up-to-date guide to treaty and other public international law research with an emphasis on online resources. From the American Society of International Law.

Criminal Law

• ASIL Research Guide to International Criminal Law
• Research Guides to the International Criminal Courts for the Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone From GlobaLex.
• Comparative Criminal Procedure: A Selected Bibliography From GlobaLex.
• International Criminal Court Legal Tools Provides access to documents important to international criminal law, including treaties, judgments and decisions, summaries of domestic criminal justice systems in many countries including relevant statutes or codes, and commentary on international criminal law and other aspects of international law.

Environmental Law

• ECOLEX: A Gateway to Environmental Law
• United Nations Environment Programme
• ASIL Research Guide to International Environmental Law
• A Basic Guide to International Environmental Legal Research From GlobaLex.

Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

• UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
• OHCHR Jurisprudence Database Contains recommendations and findings from the various UN human rights committees that consider complaints from individuals.
• Refworld UNHCR's comprehensive information source on refugee status includes treaties, legislation and court decisions, as well as information organized by country and topic.
• European Court of Human Rights Pending cases, judgments, basic texts and a complete index to all ECHR judgments.
• Bayefsky.com: The United Nations Human Rights Treaties
• ICRC's Customary International Humanitarian Law Database A free online version of their two-volume publication.
• University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
• Human Rights Library: Collections on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights From the University of Minnesota.
• ESCR-Net Caselaw Database Database of domestic, international, and quasi-judicial cases and decisions on economic, social and cultural rights.
• U.S. Department of State - Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
• Project Diana: An Online Human Rights Case Archive From Yale Law School.
• ASIL Research Guide to International Human Rights
• ASIL Research Guide to International Humanitarian Law
• International Human Rights Research Guide From GlobaLex.
• ICJ E-bulletin on Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights International Commission of Jurist's free monthly publication of legal developments in the fields of counter-terrorism and human rights.

Intellectual Property

• WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization
• WIPO Lex Collection of intellectual property legislation (in English) from WIPO member countries.
• AIPPI - International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property An international NGO devoted to the "the development and improvement of intellectual property." The Questions/Committees section contains country-by-country reports on specific intellectual property law topics.
• European Patent Office
• U.S. Patent & Trademark Office General information, forms, and a free searchable patent and trademark database.
• U.S. Copyright Office Copyright basics, law, forms, and other materials available through the Library of Congress, the entity responsible for copyrights.
• ASIL Research Guide to International Intellectual Property Law
• IP Precedents Database Database of English translations of precedential domestic court decisions on IP topics; from the Research Center for the Legal System of Intellectual Property.

Law of the Sea

• United Nations: Oceans and Law of the Sea
• International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
• International Seabed Authority
• UVA Center for Oceans Law & Policy
• ASIL Research Guide to Law of the Sea

Trade, Investment or Economic Law

• GATT Documents Online From the WTO.
• GATT Digital Library From Stanford University.
• WorldTradeLaw.net
• International Trade Database: Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods From Pace University.
• Trans-Lex.org Research platform for transnational commercial law from the Center for Transnational Law, Cologne University, Germany.
• SICE - Foreign Trade Information System From the Organization of American States.
• United States International Trade Commission
• United States Trade Representative
• Harmonized Tariff Schedule

• ASIL Research Guide to International Economic Law
• ASIL Research Guide to International Commercial Arbitration
• Research Guide on the Harmonization of International Commercial Law From GlobaLex.

Women's Rights

• Women's Human Rights Resources From the University of Toronto.
• Women's Human Rights Documents From the University of Minnesota.
• Women's Rights Links From the University of Minnesota.
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This highly specialized PhD program offers in-depth and comprehensive coursework in international law.

It is one of the world’s only two doctoral programs in this field offered by an intergovernmental organization constituted under international law (the other being offered by the European University Institute and it is a PhD in Law more generally, with a European emphasis).

EUCLID (Pôle Universitaire Euclide | Euclid University), an international intergovernmental organization with a university mandate, offers to select students from the general public an external (distance or online) degree program called the EUCLID DILT which is a full PhD in International Law and Treaty Law.

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IGLP Visiting Researchers

The following scholars are affiliated with the IGLP for all or part of the 2023-2024 academic year.

2023-2024 Researchers

Yifeng Chen

Yifeng Chen joins the IGLP as an Associate Professor at Peking University Law School. His research aims to develop a historical account of the International Labour Organization (ILO) in its promotion of industrialism as both a desired form of economic life as well as a legitimate institution for labour governance. By focusing on labour protection through regulating the industrial conditions and industrial relations, the ILO invented itself profoundly an industrial, economic organization, as much as a humanitarian one.

His project mainly employs historical studies including research into the archives of the ILO as well as its official documents. In addition, the project, being interdisciplinary by nature, will also look into sociological studies, economics and political philosophy.

Petter Danckwardt

Petter Danckwardt is a PhD student in international law at Örebro University. His doctoral project focuses on recognition of states and governments in international law. He has taught international law and constitutional law at Stockholm and Uppsala University and has previously worked as a law clerk at Södertörn District Court and as a case officer at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He holds an LLM from Stockholm University and a master’s degree in political philosophy from Södertörn University.

Javier Garcia Amez

Javier Garcia Amez joins the IGLP as an Assistant Professor in Criminal Law at Oviedo University. He holds a Bachelor in Law (Oviedo University, 2005) and PhD in Law (Oviedo University, 2014). He has been a visiting researcher at Harvard Law School, Konstanz University (Germany), and Yale Law School (USA). He has published two books, book chapters (23), and articles (26) in topics such as Environmental Law, Criminal Law, and Gender Violence. At this moment, his research is focused on psychological harm to women and coercive control.

Claudia San Martin Rodriguez

Claudia San Martin graduated in Law at the Complutense University of Madrid and holds an LL.M. in Intellectual Property Law from the Carlos III University of Madrid. She is a researcher and PhD student at Complutense University of Madrid and has been a legal consultant in the Digital Transformation department at the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), working on the IP Register in Blockchain project. Previously, she has been a legal consultant at Grant Thornton Madrid and training manager at the Santander Financial Institute (Banco Santander), in projects related to Blockchain.

Claudia is specialized in data protection and intellectual property, and has been lawyer for the brands Hackett, Tommy Hilfiger and Pepe Jeans London in Spain and Portugal. She is currently focused on research on this matter and Blockchain and during her stay at the IGLP she will analyze its applicable regulations in the US and Europe.

Adriane Sanctis de Brito

Adriane Sanctis is a Visiting Scholar at Harvard Law School’s IGLP (2023-2024). She is a co-founder of LAUT, a Brazilian think tank focused on authoritarianism. She holds a PhD from the University of São Paulo (USP) and was previously a professor (adjunct) at its International Relations Institute. She taught critical legal theory, comparative constitutionalism, and international law.

She researches the international histories of legal imagination related to peace, humanitarianism, and the suppression of the slave trade. Her book Seeking Capture, Resisting Seizure: An International Legal History of the Anglo-Brazilian Treaty for the Suppression of the Slave Trade (1826-1845) is forthcoming in the Max Planck Institute’s “Global Perspectives on Legal History” series. She worked on the research that led to her book while she was a Kathleen Fitzpatrick Fellow at the University of Melbourne, and a visiting researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Luxemburg and at the University of Helsinki. At LAUT, she has headed projects examining how contemporary reactionary movements reimagine and reconfigure legal language and human rights.

Adam Strobejko

Adam Strobeyko is a Visiting Researcher working on the topics of R&D for biometric devices and the regulation of Genomic Sequencing Data (GSD) sharing platforms. He holds a PhD in International Law at the Geneva Graduate Institute (with distinction), a MA degree in International Public Management from Sciences Po Paris, and an LLB in European Law from Maastricht University.

Prior to joining IGLP, Adam was a Global Fellow at Guarini Global Law & Tech, NYU Law, and a doctoral researcher at the Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute, where he worked on issues related to countermeasure R&D, One Health, Access and Benefit Sharing and the Pandemic Treaty negotiations. Adam’s research focuses on the relation between public policy and innovation, and he is particularly interested in the role of expertise and novel regulatory approaches in global health law.

Nicole Stybnarova

Nicole Stybnarova is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Leiden University (Faculty of Global Governance and Affairs). Her PhD, completed at the University of Helsinki (Erik Castrén Insitute), addressed the regulation of marriage in Migration Law and Private International Law and its functioning in the global structure of wealth accumulation. Prior to joining Leiden University, she was a lecturer in International Law and Forced Migration at the University of Oxford (Refugee Studies Centre).

Nicole published multiple articles addressing topics at the intersections of migration law, IHRL, private international law, feminism, and political economy. She came to the IGLP to work on her current project which focuses on International Law and women’s social movements. She will study how women and their advocates used historically economic, feminist and international legal arguments to formulate their objectives for social emancipation and to have those advanced with international regulation.

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International Human Rights Law

All areas of International Human Rights Law. Specific topics: human rights, terrorism and counter-terrorism; cultural and religious diversity and human rights; fair trial issues.

Protection of Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers

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International Law Research Paper Topics

This page presents a comprehensive collection of international law research paper topics , curated to aid students studying law in their research endeavors. International law is a multifaceted field with diverse areas of study, and this page aims to provide students with an extensive list of topics that can serve as a foundation for their research papers. By exploring these topics, students can delve into various aspects of international law, such as human rights, criminal law, environmental law, trade law, and humanitarian law, among others. This page also offers insights into how to choose compelling international law research paper topics, tips on writing a coherent and impactful paper, and highlights the custom international law research paper writing services provided by iResearchNet. The ultimate goal is to empower students to embark on an enriching and successful academic journey in the realm of international law research.

100 International Law Research Paper Topics

International law encompasses a vast array of subjects, reflecting the intricate and interconnected nature of global affairs. As students of law, exploring these topics can open new horizons and deepen their understanding of how international legal frameworks shape our world. This comprehensive list presents 10 categories, each comprising 10 diverse and thought-provoking international law research paper topics. Whether you are interested in human rights, environmental protection, trade regulations, or armed conflicts, these topics offer a wealth of opportunities for academic exploration and intellectual growth.

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• The Universality of Human Rights: A Global Perspective
• Human Rights and Armed Conflicts: Challenges and Protections
• Gender Equality and Women’s Rights in International Law
• The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Promoting Human Rights
• Freedom of Speech and Expression in the Digital Age
• Human Rights Violations and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
• Children’s Rights and Child Protection Laws Internationally
• The Right to Asylum: Refugee Protection and International Law
• Combating Human Trafficking: International Legal Frameworks
• Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Cultural Heritage Preservation
• Climate Change and Global Efforts for Environmental Protection
• Biodiversity Conservation and the Convention on Biological Diversity
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Environmental Justice
• Transboundary Pollution and International Liability
• The Role of International Courts and Tribunals in Environmental Disputes
• The Precautionary Principle in International Environmental Law
• Oceans Governance and the Protection of Marine Resources
• International Agreements on Wildlife Conservation and Endangered Species
• Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Rights: Perspectives and Challenges
• The Economics of Environmental Protection: Balancing Trade and Conservation
• World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Multilateral Trading System
• Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Regional Economic Integration
• Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) Mechanisms in Trade Agreements
• Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade
• Trade and Labor Standards: Addressing Social Issues in Global Commerce
• Environmental Protection in International Trade: Conflicts and Synergies
• Trade Remedies: Anti-dumping, Countervailing, and Safeguard Measures
• Trade Liberalization and Economic Development: Case Studies
• Cross-Border E-Commerce and Digital Trade Regulations
• Challenges of Trade in Services: Legal and Regulatory Perspectives
• The International Criminal Court (ICC) and Its Role in Ending Impunity
• Prosecuting War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: Legal Challenges
• Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Prosecute
• The Evolution of International Criminal Law: From Nuremberg to the ICC
• The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction: Holding Perpetrators Accountable
• Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in Post-Conflict Societies
• The Role of the United Nations in Combating International Crimes
• War Criminals and Refugees: The Intersection of Criminal and Migration Law
• Cyberwarfare and the Application of International Criminal Law
• Combating Terrorism: Legal Approaches and Human Rights Concerns
• The Geneva Conventions and the Protection of War Victims
• Targeted Killings and Drones: The Legal Challenges of Modern Warfare
• The Principle of Proportionality in Armed Conflicts
• War Crimes and Accountability in Non-International Armed Conflicts
• The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflicts
• Autonomous Weapons and the Ethics of Lethal Autonomous Systems (LAS)
• The Role of National Courts in Prosecuting War Crimes
• The Humanitarian Impact of Economic Sanctions and Trade Embargoes
• Children in Armed Conflicts: From Recruitment to Rehabilitation
• Humanitarian Assistance and the Challenges of Providing Aid in Conflict Zones
• Comparative Constitutional Law: Analyzing Different Legal Systems and Their Impact on Global Governance
• The Role of International Law in Shaping Domestic Constitutions
• Constitutional Design and State Building in Post-Conflict Societies
• Human Rights and Constitutional Protections: Assessing the Impact of International Treaties
• Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law: Ensuring Effective Governance in International Relations
• Judicial Independence and the Enforcement of Constitutional Rights in International Contexts
• The Impact of International Institutions on National Constitutions
• The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age: Balancing National Security and Civil Liberties
• Federalism and the Division of Powers in Constitutional Design
• The Role of Constitutional Courts in Protecting Democratic Principles
• Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: Legal and Regulatory Challenges
• International Commercial Arbitration: Enforcement and Recognition of Awards
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Multinational Corporations
• Foreign Investment Protection and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)
• International Contract Law and Choice of Law Clauses
• Dispute Resolution in International Trade: Litigation vs. Arbitration
• Intellectual Property Rights and International Business Transactions
• International Trade Law and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
• Corporate Governance and Compliance in International Business
• Environmental and Social Responsibility in International Business
• Double Taxation Treaties: Legal Implications and Challenges
• Transfer Pricing and Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)
• Tax Havens and Their Impact on Global Taxation
• Taxation of Digital Economy and E-commerce Transactions
• Taxation of Multinational Corporations: Fairness and Equity Concerns
• Tax Avoidance vs. Tax Evasion: Legal Distinctions and Consequences
• Taxation of Foreign Source Income and Territorial vs. Worldwide Tax Systems
• Developing Countries and International Taxation: Bridging the Gap
• The Role of International Organizations in Shaping Global Tax Policies
• Addressing Tax Challenges Arising from the COVID-19 Pandemic
• The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Its Implementation
• Maritime Boundaries and Dispute Resolution in the South China Sea
• Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) and Marine Resource Management
• Freedom of Navigation and Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean
• Environmental Protection in the High Seas: Addressing Pollution and Overfishing
• Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: Legal Responses and Jurisdictional Challenges
• Submarine Cables and Cybersecurity in International Waters
• The Role of International Tribunals in Resolving Maritime Disputes
• Deep Sea Mining and the Regulation of Exploitation of Marine Resources
• Indigenous Rights and Traditional Knowledge in Marine Conservation
• Diplomatic Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in International Relations
• The Role of Mediation in Resolving International Disputes
• International Arbitration: Institutional Frameworks and Best Practices
• The Use of Force and Armed Conflict: Legal Perspectives on Peacekeeping
• Compliance with International Court Judgments and Decisions
• The Settlement of Territorial Disputes: Case Studies and Legal Approaches
• The Role of Non-State Actors in International Conflict Resolution
• The Legality of Targeted Sanctions and Economic Coercion
• The Use of International Courts and Tribunals in Human Rights Disputes
• The Role of Regional Organizations in Conflict Mediation and Resolution

In conclusion, the field of international law offers a vast array of research topics that delve into critical global issues, ranging from human rights and environmental protection to trade and business regulations. Scholars and students of law can explore the complexities of international relations, the challenges of cross-border disputes, and the ever-evolving legal frameworks that shape the international community. The comprehensive list of international law research paper topics provided above serves as a starting point for students to delve deeper into their areas of interest and contribute to the understanding and development of international law. Through diligent research and critical analysis, they can further advance the principles of justice, equality, and cooperation on the global stage.

Exploring the Range of International Law Research Paper Topics

International law is a complex and dynamic field that governs the interactions between nations and other actors in the global community. As a crucial component of the global legal system, international law encompasses a diverse range of topics that have significant implications for peace, security, human rights, trade, and cooperation among nations. Researching international law research paper topics offers students a unique opportunity to delve into the intricacies of international relations, diplomatic relations, and the role of international organizations in promoting peace and stability.

• The Sources of International Law : This topic explores the various sources of international law, including treaties, customary international law, general principles of law, and decisions of international courts and tribunals. Students can investigate the hierarchy of these sources and their application in resolving disputes between states.
• International Human Rights Law : This area of international law deals with the protection and promotion of human rights on a global scale. Research topics may cover issues like the role of international human rights organizations, the enforcement of human rights treaties, and the impact of human rights violations on international relations.
• International Humanitarian Law : Also known as the law of armed conflict or the law of war, this branch of international law governs the conduct of parties during armed conflicts. Students can explore topics such as the protection of civilians in armed conflicts, the use of force in self-defense, and the prosecution of war crimes.
• International Environmental Law : With growing concerns about climate change and environmental degradation, international environmental law has become increasingly relevant. Research topics may include international agreements on climate change, biodiversity conservation, and the responsibility of states for transboundary environmental harm.
• International Criminal Law : This field focuses on the prosecution of individuals for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Students can investigate the role of international criminal tribunals, the challenges of obtaining evidence in international cases, and the pursuit of justice for victims of international crimes.
• International Trade Law : International trade is essential for global economic development and cooperation. Research topics in this area may cover international trade agreements, dispute settlement mechanisms in trade disputes, and the impact of trade policies on developing nations.
• Law of the Sea : This branch of international law governs the use and protection of the world’s oceans and resources. Students can explore topics such as the rights and responsibilities of states in their maritime zones, the protection of marine biodiversity, and the resolution of disputes over territorial waters.
• International Investment Law : As globalization continues to shape economic relationships, international investment law has gained prominence. Research topics may include the regulation of foreign direct investment, investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms, and the balance between investor rights and host state regulatory powers.
• International Arbitration and Mediation : International dispute resolution is essential for maintaining peaceful relations among states. Students can explore topics such as the effectiveness of international arbitration and mediation in resolving conflicts, the role of international organizations in facilitating dispute resolution, and the enforcement of arbitral awards.
• Cybersecurity and International Law : With the rise of cyber threats and cyber warfare, international law has grappled with issues of cyber sovereignty, cyber espionage, and the application of existing legal principles to cyberspace. Research topics may delve into the challenges of attributing cyber-attacks, the development of international norms for responsible state behavior in cyberspace, and the protection of human rights in the digital age.

In conclusion, international law offers a vast array of research paper topics that reflect the complexities and challenges of the global legal landscape. As students delve into these topics, they gain a deeper understanding of the intricacies of international relations, human rights, trade, and conflict resolution. Exploring the multifaceted nature of international law research allows students to critically analyze the role of law in shaping the conduct of states and the broader international community, fostering a deeper appreciation for the significance of international law in today’s interconnected world.

How to Choose International Law Research Paper Topics

Selecting a compelling and relevant research paper topic is essential to the success of any academic endeavor. In the context of international law, choosing the right research topic requires careful consideration of various factors that can shape the scope and impact of the research. Whether you are a law student, an aspiring international lawyer, or a researcher interested in global legal issues, the following guide provides valuable insights on how to choose international law research paper topics that are engaging, insightful, and contribute meaningfully to the field of international law.

• Identify Your Area of Interest : International law is a vast and diverse field encompassing numerous sub-disciplines, including human rights law, environmental law, international trade law, and more. Start by identifying your specific area of interest within international law. Reflect on the subjects that intrigue you the most and the issues you are passionate about. This will serve as the foundation for selecting a research topic that resonates with your academic and professional aspirations.
• Stay Abreast of Current Developments : International law is constantly evolving to address contemporary global challenges and opportunities. Keeping up to date with current international legal developments, landmark cases, and significant treaties and agreements can provide valuable inspiration for research topics. Consider exploring emerging issues and debates in the field, as these can offer unique opportunities for original research and innovative insights.
• Analyze Relevant Legal Frameworks : International law operates within a complex web of legal frameworks, including treaties, conventions, and customary international law. Analyzing these legal sources can help you identify gaps, contradictions, or areas where further research is needed. Topics that delve into the interpretation and application of international legal instruments can add depth and value to your research.
• Consider Timeliness and Relevance : A relevant and timely research topic is more likely to capture the attention of readers and contribute to ongoing discussions in the field. Consider the significance of your chosen topic in the context of current global events, policy debates, or emerging challenges. Topics that address pressing international issues, such as climate change, human rights violations, or cybersecurity threats, can have a significant impact on both academic and policy circles.
• Review Existing Literature : Conduct a thorough literature review to understand the existing body of research on your chosen topic. This will help you identify gaps in the literature that you can explore in your research. Additionally, reviewing existing studies can provide insights into the methodologies and approaches used by other researchers, informing your own research design.
• Balance Complexity and Feasibility : While it is essential to select a topic that reflects the complexities of international law, it is equally important to ensure that your research is feasible within the scope and limitations of your academic assignment or project. Avoid overly broad or ambitious topics that may be challenging to address comprehensively within the available time and resources.
• Consult with Professors and Experts : Seek guidance and advice from your professors, academic advisors, or experts in the field of international law. They can provide valuable insights into potential research topics, relevant literature, and methodologies. Engaging in discussions with experienced scholars can help refine your research question and add depth to your analysis.
• Focus on Practical Implications : Consider the practical implications of your research topic in the real world. How might your findings impact international relations, legal practices, or policymaking? Research that offers practical solutions to global challenges or sheds light on pressing legal issues can have a more significant impact on the field of international law.
• Address Controversial Issues : International law often involves contentious and complex topics that evoke strong opinions and debates. Embracing controversial issues can lead to thought-provoking research that challenges existing norms and perceptions. However, ensure that you approach such topics with sensitivity and a commitment to unbiased analysis.
• Conduct a Preliminary Study : Before finalizing your research topic, conduct a preliminary study to gather relevant information and assess the availability of data and resources. This will help you determine whether your chosen topic is viable and whether you can access the necessary materials to conduct a comprehensive study.

In conclusion, choosing the right international law research paper topic is a critical step in producing a successful and impactful piece of academic work. By identifying your area of interest, staying informed about current developments, analyzing legal frameworks, and considering the timeliness and relevance of your topic, you can select a research question that is both intellectually stimulating and practically significant. Engage with existing literature, seek guidance from experts, and balance the complexity and feasibility of your research to ensure a rewarding and insightful exploration of international law issues.

How to Write an International Law Research Paper

Writing an international law research paper requires careful planning, rigorous research, and a structured approach to presenting your arguments and findings. Whether you are a law student or a seasoned researcher, mastering the art of academic writing in the field of international law is essential to communicate your ideas effectively and contribute to the broader legal discourse. This section provides a comprehensive guide on how to write an international law research paper, from choosing a suitable research question to crafting a well-organized and persuasive paper.

• Define Your Research Question : The first step in writing an international law research paper is to define a clear and focused research question. Your research question should be specific, relevant, and aligned with your area of interest within international law. It should address a significant legal issue or gap in the literature and demonstrate your research objectives.
• Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Before diving into your research, conduct a comprehensive literature review to understand the existing scholarship on your chosen topic. This will help you identify key debates, theoretical frameworks, and gaps in the literature that your research can address. A strong literature review serves as the foundation for your research paper and provides context for your study.
• Develop a Well-Structured Outline : Organize your research paper with a clear and logical structure. Create an outline that includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, main body sections, analysis of findings, and conclusion. Each section should flow seamlessly into the next, guiding the reader through your research process.
• Craft a Compelling Introduction : The introduction sets the tone for your research paper and should capture the reader’s attention. Start with a hook or a thought-provoking question related to your research topic. Provide background information on the issue at hand and clearly state your research question and objectives. Conclude the introduction with a strong thesis statement that outlines the main argument of your paper.
• Conduct Rigorous Research : International law research papers require a robust research methodology. Depending on your research question, you may use various methods, such as legal analysis, case studies, empirical research, or comparative analysis. Ensure that you use credible and authoritative sources for your research and cite them properly using the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
• Analyze and Present Your Findings : In the main body of your research paper, present your findings and analyze them in-depth. Use a clear and coherent structure to present your arguments and evidence. Use relevant case law, treaties, and legal principles to support your analysis and draw well-reasoned conclusions.
• Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge and address counterarguments to your research findings. Demonstrating that you have considered opposing viewpoints and providing a thoughtful rebuttal strengthens the credibility and persuasiveness of your research.
• Consider Policy Implications : In international law, research often has practical implications for policymakers and legal practitioners. Discuss the potential policy implications of your findings and offer recommendations for addressing the legal issue at hand. This demonstrates the real-world relevance of your research.
• Maintain a Cohesive Writing Style : Use clear and concise language throughout your research paper. Avoid jargon and technical terms that may confuse the reader. Maintain a cohesive writing style, ensuring that each paragraph and section contributes to the overall argument of your paper.
• Write a Strong Conclusion : The conclusion is your opportunity to summarize your key findings, restate your thesis statement, and highlight the significance of your research. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and instead, focus on leaving the reader with a lasting impression of your research’s importance and potential impact.
• Edit and Revise : After completing your first draft, take the time to edit and revise your research paper. Check for clarity, coherence, grammar, and proper citation. Consider seeking feedback from peers or professors to gain valuable insights and improve the overall quality of your paper.
• Review Formatting and Citations : Ensure that your research paper adheres to the required formatting guidelines, such as font size, margins, and line spacing. Double-check your citations and references to avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

By following these steps and guidelines, you can craft a well-structured, persuasive, and impactful international law research paper. Remember to approach your research with curiosity and dedication, as it is through thorough exploration and analysis that you can make meaningful contributions to the field of international law.

iResearchNet’s Custom Research Paper Writing Services

At iResearchNet, we understand the challenges that students and researchers face when tasked with writing a compelling international law research paper. International law is a complex and ever-evolving field, and producing a high-quality research paper requires extensive knowledge, critical thinking skills, and time. To help you overcome these challenges and excel in your academic pursuits, we offer custom international law research paper writing services that cater to your specific needs and requirements.

• Expert Degree-Holding Writers : Our team of writers consists of legal experts with advanced degrees in international law. They have a deep understanding of the complexities of the subject and possess the expertise to deliver well-researched and meticulously crafted research papers.
• Custom Written Works : We believe in providing personalized solutions to each client. When you choose our custom writing services, you can be confident that your research paper will be tailored to your unique research question, instructions, and academic level.
• In-Depth Research : Our writers are skilled in conducting thorough research on a wide range of international law topics. They have access to a vast array of academic resources, legal databases, and scholarly journals to ensure that your research paper is well-grounded in current and authoritative sources.
• Custom Formatting : Our writers are well-versed in different citation styles commonly used in academic writing, including APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard. They will format your research paper according to your specified style guidelines.
• Top Quality : At iResearchNet, quality is our top priority. We are committed to delivering research papers that meet the highest academic standards and demonstrate critical thinking, analytical skills, and originality.
• Customized Solutions : Whether you need assistance with selecting a research topic, conducting a literature review, or writing specific sections of your paper, our custom solutions cater to your precise requirements.
• Flexible Pricing : We understand that students often have budget constraints. Our pricing is flexible and designed to accommodate various academic levels and deadlines without compromising on quality.
• Short Deadlines : If you are facing a tight deadline, our writers can work efficiently to deliver your custom research paper within as little as 3 hours.
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The Ph.D. in Law degree program is designed to prepare J.D. graduates for careers as legal scholars and teachers through a doctoral program aimed at the production of a substantial body of academic research and writing under the close supervision of a three-member faculty dissertation committee. Unlike programs designed for students who wish to learn about law from the disciplinary perspectives of the social sciences or the humanities, the Ph.D. in Law is directed at students who wish to pursue advanced studies in law from the perspective of the law. This program offers emerging scholars an opportunity to contribute to the development of law as an academic field, and it provides an alternate pathway into law teaching alongside existing routes such as fellowships, advanced degrees in cognate fields, legal practice, and clerkships.

Because our entering Ph.D. students will have already completed their J.D. degrees, the anticipated course of study toward the Ph.D. in Law degree is three academic years and two summers in residence. In their first two semesters, Ph.D. students will enroll in courses designed to help them acquire the background and research skills needed to complete a dissertation in their field of interest and to prepare them for qualifying examinations that test the depth and breadth of the literacies and skills they have acquired. During their second year, students will prepare a dissertation prospectus and begin work on a dissertation. The dissertation may take the form of either three law review articles or a book-length manuscript and will make up a portfolio of writing that will be essential for success in the job market. Ph.D. students will also gain experience in the classroom, and receive the full support of Yale Law School’s Law Teaching Program , which has had remarkable success in placing graduates in tenure-track positions at leading law schools.

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So, you want to do a PhD in international law?

I’ve become frustrated recently at the lack of practical information for those contemplating PhD level study, especially in my own field. Information about the practical pitfalls, perils and joys of further study. So I decided to write a series of blog posts on the topic, pointing to relevant resources. (This is aimed at graduate students in the English speaking Commonwealth: Europe, the US and elsewhere I can’t necessarily vouch for.)

This will be a longish post, and you probably think: ‘Ah, this will be about writing a killer application to my preferred school!’ Yes, that will be covered briefly. But first, grab a seat, we need to share a few home truths – and ask some hard questions.

What’s my motivation?

If you do want to do a PhD in international law the first question to ask yourself is: ‘ Why ?’

I was rather offended when an economist friend (himself with a PhD) asked me this in Cambridge pub towards the end of my LLM. But it remains an important question. The three typical answers are: (a) ‘because I want to, I feel I’m not done studying and learning’; (b) ‘I want to become an academic’; (c) ‘I’ve got good marks in law up ’til now, I’ve no other career plans, so this seems like the next thing – and worst case scenario, I’ll just teach, right?’

The only good answer is (a). If your answer includes (b), there’s some further information you really need. If your answer is (c), this is probably a terribly bad idea.

Here’s several things few people will tell you straight out.

(1) As more PhDs come onto the employment market, a PhD is increasingly necessary for an academic post but it is not sufficient. At least 50% of PhD graduates do not go on to academic jobs, and in a squeezed university sector many jobs will not be well-paid or secure . (We’ll come to what you do need to secure an academic post later, but it includes both merit and luck.) So, idea (c) is deeply flawed. A PhD does not entitle you to teach. An academic career is not a fall-back plan, it’s highly competitive . There are some reasons to be slightly more optimistic in Law as a field (see later posts), but most PhD graduates will not go on to academic careers.

(2) Doing a PhD is going to be hard. A former LLM student wrote to me recently. She has started a PhD at an excellent university and has a wonderful supervisor. ‘I had no idea how hard this would be,’ she wrote. We’ll come back to why – and how to cope – in a later post. Completion rate statistics are notoriously unreliable for graduate students, but probably 30% of PhD candidates in the UK (across all fields) do not complete . (Numbers in the US and Canada are as bad or worse.)

(3) A PhD has a measurable economic cost to you. At best it has an earnings premium of 3% over a one-year master’s degree . However, even if you’re lucky enough to have a scholarship, three or (likely) four or more years of foregone income is a big setback by the end of a working life. Essentially, you are becoming more qualified in order to earn less.

So, doing the maths, even if admitted to a PhD programme, your chances of completing the PhD and finding an academic post are about 35% at best.  The remaining 65% who do not complete or find an academic post may carry a crippling sense of failure for things which are generally not their fault. (Again, more on this in the next post in this series.)

Undeterred? Fine, let’s talk about your proposal and where you should send it.

  Writing an application and a research proposal

The admissions committee will be interested in the following things in roughly this order: your grades (including evidence of writing a substantial dissertation), your research proposal, your references, your work experience, your personal statement. All are important, but a great personal statement or fabulous work experience with UN agencies will not compensate for a bad proposal.

Most UK PhD programmes now require a prior one-year LLM including a written dissertation. At UCL our minimum requirement is a good Merit level LLM with a Distinction in the dissertation. (Australians take note: UK marking scales usually stop at ‘Distinction’ so read this as meaning ‘High Distinction’ in Australian terms.) This LLM dissertation mark is vital.

On references: you need referees who can speak to your research potential. Ask academics who know your work to write references, not the most senior people you’ve had contact with. A reference that speaks in detail about your LLM dissertation-writing is worth more than a few sentences from your Dean.

Alright, let’s talk about the all-important research proposal. Here are the things a good proposal must do:

(1) Identify ‘a gap in the literature’. Your PhD has to either ask a question that has not been asked before, or bring a new angle on an existing field. This can be done in a number of ways but you have to explain why this is something that has not been done before.

Here’s where your LLM studies help. Do you recall thinking: ‘There must be a book on X?’ but not finding it? Or, ‘Yes this article is great, but why doesn’t it deal with Y?’ Or, ‘Everyone seems to agree on Z, but surely there’s something not very convincing about that proposition … ’ Or, ‘Huh, there’s an interesting comparison between how the World Trade Organisation deals with these environmental issues and proposals before the UNFAO.’ Any of these thoughts might be the core of a PhD topic.

Other important attributes are:

(2) methodology (how will you go about this? do you need to acquire skills you don’t have, e.g. statistics?);

(3) realistic scope (e.g. can you really survey all internationalized or ‘hybrid’ criminal tribunals’ sentencing practices in the time available?);

(4) a clear grasp of the existing literature (a provisional bibliography of six or seven items clearly isn’t enough); and

(5) a provisional argument or goal – what do you think this study will reveal? What are your reasoned views (subject to further research)?  If you don’t have an argument, you don’t have a proposal.

Finally: get feedback on your proposal. Ask former teachers to comment, friends from the LLM – or better friends who have gone on to PhD programmes themselves. E-mail an advanced draft to possible supervisors to ask for comments. (The worst they can do is never answer.)

Where should I apply?

You’ve come up with an astonishingly good proposal on sentencing practices in international criminal tribunals, distinguishing what you will do as different from the two major books in the field. You also know the University of Camford has an incredibly prestigious law school, so you want to send it there. However, if Camford has no international criminal lawyers you are wasting your time. Even if they do, and you’re proposing use of statistical methods in a proposal to a Faculty where no one does empirical legal studies, you are also likely wasting your time. Worse, if they admit you and have no relevant specialists, how can your project succeed?

(1) Do your research first. Nothing makes an application look less promising than the fact the candidate hasn’t bothered looking at the website, but has just assumed a good Faculty can offer supervision in anything.

(2) Don’t change your proposal to fit the Faculty. You have to live with this project for three years, you have to do all the work. Why pitch something you’re not interested in?

(3) Never, ever write to a member of Faculty asking for them to suggest a topic for you, or asking how you could change your topic to fit their research interests.  As above, do write to potential supervisors asking if they have time to comment briefly on your proposal.

(4) An uncomfortable truth is not all PhDs are created equal (for an exaggerated account see this US piece ). A school with a world-renowned reputation is clearly going to help your CV and employment prospects more than study elsewhere. Certainly, some Faculties in less well-known universities may have centres for excellence in specific fields. But doing a PhD at a university without a strong research profile is a definite risk when you go looking for a first academic job.

Essentially: apply to a good Faculty that can support your topic. If you got a Distinction in your LLM research dissertation, speak to your dissertation supervisor/examiner. They will be in a good position to discuss ideas and options. There is an obvious advantage in applying to law schools where you are already known from undergraduate or graduate study.

Why have I been rejected?

You have a great proposal, references and marks. Why would a good school not take you? Well, PhD recruitment is different to other programmes. A PhD student is a big responsibility for a supervisor, and your proposal needs to be close enough to their own expertise that they can competently supervise it. Further, most universities will need to find a second supervisor for you, someone who’s specialism is at least a broad fit for the topic. Finally, there is a limit to how many PhD students a supervisor can responsibly take on. Big names in your chosen field may well be fully ‘booked up’, possibly for years. Hard as it may be to believe, it’s not personal. It’s often not a rejection of you: it may be a question of fit or timing.

OK, you’ve decided to do this. You’ve written your application. You’ve got an offer of a PhD place. But you still have no idea what you’ve let yourself in for. Next up: surviving and thriving during a PhD.

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Kevin Jon Heller says

August 22, 2012

Great post, and I look forward to the others. But I question [3], about the value added by a PhD. I doubt whether the research in the article you link to can be so easily applied to international law. You only discuss academic positions, but many students who want careers in international law will compete for other jobs -- in government, with NGOs, at tribunals, etc. I think it is safe to say (based on anecdotal evidence regarding our graduates) that a PhD makes it far easier to get a full-time paid position outside of academia than an LLM, not only because there are far fewer candidates with a PhD, but also because completion evidences the kind of ability to do research and write than employers seek out. I also think that the value of a PhD will only increase as the number of international criminal tribunals decreases -- we are only four or five years away from the ICC being the only international criminal tribunal in town.

As for the financial cost, there is a saying in the US that if someone isn't paying you to do a PhD, you shouldn't be doing it. I think that is good advice, unless you're rich and can easily afford to finance your own education. But if you do have a fellowship, I think the value added by a PhD more than justifies the extra time -- especially if you can complete it in three years. (Which many of our PhDs do.) Two extra years isn't that long, especially if you are doing the kind of networking -- publishing essays, attending conferences, etc. -- that will facilitate finding a good position inside or outside of academia afterward.

Douglas Guilfoyle says

Thanks for the comment! Despite the length of my reply, I don't think we're miles apart on this. It's about an assessment of the odds and what you think the relevant comparison is.

Your point on value-add is certainly reasonable.

I agree we have to treat all data on employment outcomes with caution. And I do note above that there is more reason to be optimistic about the availability of academic sector jobs in Law than some disciplines (a theme future posts will cover).

However, I think we need to hold two possible outcomes apart: (1) the odds of getting a job in academia or international law more broadly; and (2) lifetime earnings - irrespective of the sector you work in.

Does a PhD in international law help get regarding (1)? Certainly. I'm not arguing it doesn't, but it's certainly no guarantee. Public international law jobs remain highly competitive.

Does a PhD necessarily boost lifetime earnings (my point (2))? I'd suggest no, not necessarily.

Even if you get a job in (1), many international law/academic jobs are not necessarily as well-paid as commercial sector alternatives. (For every well-paid academic or international civil service role, there are many underpaid contract research or NGO roles, etc etc).

Alternatively, if you don't secure an international law related job, are you likely to get a significant pay 'bonus' for a PhD over a Masters? The general answer seems to be 'no'.

You might, in looking for employment outside (1), be advantaged with a PhD over job applicants with an LLM - but LLM students have a head start of several years looking for jobs (and earning money). I suspect that any difference largely washes out over the long run.

Also, I'm not sure there's *any* hard data suggesting PhDs get a significant salary 'bump' for the fact of having a PhD in the general employment market outside their field of specialism. (Some, of course, may but there's not a lot of evidence general employers 'get' the transferable skills of a PhD.)

In addition, the difference in years of lost earnings between the two qualifications isn't usually 2 years - it's 3 or 4. An LLM is now normally expected for entry into a PhD and relatively few students complete the PhD in less than 3 years.

I thus think it's fair to warn students that over a lifetime, the difference in *earnings* between a PhD and LLM is not likely to be much and may come out not in your favour.

You're right: the difference in career prospects is certainly different, but a job in your preferred sector will remain highly competitive and is not guaranteed.

On your second point: I largely agree. A PhD is a big risk to undertake self-funded.

I am somewhat less optimistic that publishing, attending conferences, networking etc helps secure jobs outside academia one would not otherwise have had a shot at (compared with an LLM student who spent that time working or interning, networking, etc). But, in making any of these assessments the question is 'compared to what?' - and we have more anecdote than data on this.

Anyway, career development will be a recurring theme in these posts over future weeks, and I hope you'll continue to prod me any time you think I'm being overly pessimistic.

ranjeed says

August 23, 2012

I am not sure about this statement: "I also think that the value of a PhD will only increase as the number of international criminal tribunals decreases — we are only four or five years away from the ICC being the only international criminal tribunal in town."

The ICC will need people with practical background. And they will be easy to find with all the tribunals shut down. With the last ASP in mind, the ICC will lack resources and there will be dozens of qualified lawyers who left ad hocs and hybrids for many, many years to come. Starting a PhD in the international criminal law these days with the ambition to get a job with the ICC seems a bit naive to me.

August 24, 2012

I concur with Ranjeed on the need for the ICC to hire people with practical background as opposed to academic one. The ICC judiciary had an (un)fortune of having people from highly academic backgrounds work as legal officers - we know how that turned out. They spent days writing 50 pages memos and submissions on minor procedural issues - which often got scuttled on appeals. 700+ pages Lubanga judgment on two minor counts is also an indication of what academic graphomania leads to. A waste of court's time and money. People forget that the ICC is not a university or any other academic institution - it is a COURT. Guilt or innocence with an utmost expediency is all that matters.

Stuart Ford says

I think Kevin's point was that as the other tribunals shut down there will be a glut of former tribunal personnel competing for the ICC slots. It is in this situation that a PhD might help you out vis a vis these ex-tribunal folks, most of whom will not have a PhD. I must say that having been on some hiring committees at a tribunal that (generally) all those with PhDs made it past the first cut. Obviously most still got cut at the second or third stages, but it certainly seemed to help get you through the initial stage of cutting down the 700 CVs to the 50 or so you intend to seriously consider.

Stuart made my my point perfectly. I was thinking not about current tribunal employees, but about the new graduates who are going to have to compete with them once they are cut loose from other tribunals. I think having a PhD will be one important way for new graduates to distinguish themselves.

Dapo Akande says

August 26, 2012

Many thanks for this post. I agree with much of what you have to say and I am sure many will find your points particularly helpful in thinking about whether to embark on the Phd enterprise. I do disagree with you on one issue though. In your section on the motivation for doing a Phd you list three possibilities, including (b) ‘I want to become an academic’ but then say that (a)[‘because I want to, I feel I’m not done studying and learning’] is the only good answer. However, I think (b) is also a good answer. I do agree with your point that having a Phd is not sufficient for embarking on an academic career. But it is now close to being a necessary condition.

It has long been the case that a PhD was necessary for an academic career in most disciplines and even in law in continental europe. In most English speaking countries, law stood out as an exception - PhDs were usually not required. But in England that is changing [has changed?]. It is not long ago that most people starting out as academics in law would not have had PhDs but no longer. It is now the norm that most people starting out academic careers in law today will have a PhD and also that a PhD will be sought by those hiring for that stage of career.

Even in the US I suspect that things are changing. They certainly seem to be changing at the top ranked law schools, many of which now require PhDs for entry level positions. Usually, these will be PhDs in a discipline other than law but there is still this noticeable trend to go for those with PhDs rather than those without.

August 27, 2012

I think the last statistic I saw for US entry-level law school hiring was that 30-40% of new hires now have a PhD. Since there are very few US law schools that offer PhDs in law (although I think Opinio Juris noted that a couple of US law PhD programs are in the works) most people here get their PhD's in Economics or Political Science, but we are seeing PhD's in other topics, including Sociology, Anthropology and others. We are also seeing more SJD's which are more like a PhD than an M.Phil (at least as I understand it).

September 3, 2012

Thanks for you comment. I may be overstating my case somewhat.

However, I simply wanted to make the point that if one is doing a PhD solely for reasons of (b) (becoming an academic), the odds of disappointment are high.

For example, I am not sure I would recommend to anyone that they undertake a 3-4 year training course with a 65% chance of it not leading to the job they wanted.

Obviously any number of factors may shave these odds up or down in individual cases - but we have to acknowledge the fact that many PhDs who want academic posts will not get one or will only get quite insecure posts.

In my view, (b) is a good reason - but only so long as it is coupled with (a).

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The Edinburgh Law School is a vibrant, collegial and enriching community of legal, sociolegal and criminology researchers and offers an excellent setting for doctoral research.

Edinburgh Law School is ranked 3rd in the UK for law for the quality and breadth of our research by Research Professional, based on the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF2021).

Our doctoral researchers are key to the School’s research activities, and we work hard to ensure that they are fully engaged with staff and projects across all of our legal disciplines.

You will find opportunities in the following fields:

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Doctoral researchers enjoy full access to the University’s research skills training which the Law School complements with a tailored research and wider skills programme.

The training programme in Year One (six seminars) includes workshops on research design, writing and research ethics.

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Opportunities are also available for research exchanges through the League of European Research (LERU) network, as well as an annual research training exchange programme with KU Leuven.

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Doctoral researchers are able to draw upon a fantastic range of resources and facilities to support their research.

The Law School has one of the most significant academic law libraries in the UK which offers outstanding digital resources alongside a world-leading print collection (almost 60,000 items including a unique collection for Scots law research).

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Upon completion of the PhD, the majority of our students progress to postdoctoral research or lecturing and teaching roles.

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Edinburgh Law School can offer expert supervision across an exceptional range of subject areas for PhD study.

A PhD at Edinburgh Law School involves undertaking independent research, culminating in the submission of a thesis of up to 100,000 words, which should be an original piece of work that makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the field of study and contains material worthy of publication.

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• PhD Law: a UK 2:1 honours degree in law, arts or social sciences, and a UK Masters degree with at least 60% in the taught section and 65% or more in the dissertation, or their international equivalents.

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Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS , TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE , in which case it must be no more than two years old.

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160+ Outstanding Law Dissertation Topics for Students

If you are a university student studying law, you would know that it is both, exciting and stressful to work on dissertations because law dissertation topics or help with dissertation are not easy to select.

While students can pick a topic that interests them, good thesis topics for law, students would be the ones that offer ample scope for research and study. It is vital to keep in mind that dissertations tend to get lengthy; therefore, your topic should also be a subject you can manage to finish working on within the time you have at hand. Given below are some exciting topics that you can explore for your law school thesis.

Business Law Dissertation Topics

Business law, also known as commercial law, focuses on the legal aspects of the conduct, rights, and relations of individuals or organizations that engage in commerce, trade, and merchandising activities. Therefore, commercial law masters thesis topics have a broad scope as they revolve around important and relatable aspects guiding society and trade. Here are some exciting business law topics to write about. Take a look:

• Business laws against corruption within firms — an in-depth evaluation
• Commercial Law and its effectiveness in supporting commercial transactions.
• Copyright Infringement – Understanding the difference between online and offline law enforcement.
• Business partnerships: Threats, legal remedies, and results
• Commercial laws guiding energy projects within the country and a comparison with top countries globally.
• Online advertising – working within the framework and guidelines of Advertising Law
• US commercial laws: A review on what needs to change
• Legal framework guiding unfair advertising and marketing practices – a case study analysis
• Business wills — application, significance, and role in translations of Business Law
• Domestic vs International commercial laws of five countries
• Pre-incorporation contracts – a thorough analysis
• International commercial law programs: An assessment of their effectiveness as part of the University curriculum
• Importance of investigating a business’s application for Copyright and Trademark
• Arbitration under commercial law: In-depth analysis and evaluation of policy practice
• Evaluating anti-corruption regulations for businesses through a relevant case study
• Laws governing Corporate Social Responsibility for businesses and their evaluation
• Termination agreements — application, significance, and role in business transactions
• The Law of Contracts — Interpretations and Role in Business Transactions
• Director’s Guarantee – Its role in Business law and the Structure of Transactions
• What is the role of a Business Entity concerning Commercial Law – An analysis
• Contract Laws and an evaluation of the application of Verbal or Nonverbal Agreements
• The role of Commercial Law in establishing a business framework within the society
• The legislature and its role in the interpretation and working of contracts
• Commercial Vs RegularLease – Analysing the pros and cons for the businesses
• Commercial lease – Significance, difficulties, and importance for business owners

International Law Thesis Topics

International law is an important area of interest when it comes to thesis writing. You can focus on studying the legal aspects of economic trade, businesses during the war, global pandemics, and more. Ethics and human rights play a significant role in international matters. Here are some excellent international law research topics to explore:

• Hearings on cases in International Human Rights Court — What precedence says
• Challenges faced by parties involved in contracts related to the International Sale of Goods (CISG) when the Vienna Convention is applied.
• What do the future hold for internet legislation and digital laws
• Are International Tribunals effective in taking action against war crimes?
• An in-depth analysis of various conditions under which international intervention in trade or matters of general affairs of a country is permitted by law
• International criminal laws — an assessment of the underlying principles and need for change
• Human rights law: An international perspective on gaps that need to be addressed
• Violation of Laws and Human Rights when the US got involved in matters of Iraq – An analysis
• Enforcement of international laws in developing countries – Issues, justification, and remedies
• Military cooperation between the UK and the US to address terror — A historical perspective and future analysis
• What are the civil liberties in International law and how do they impact public safety
• Post-Brexit era — where does consumer protection stand?
• Laws ensuring the protection of civilians against unlawful communication during armed conflicts between countries
• International laws governing rescue and protection of human rights of refugees at sea
• International civil jurisdiction on transborder disputes related to the infringement of intellectual property rights — a comprehensive study

Criminal law thesis topics

The study of Criminal law comprises understanding the laws that govern the prosecution of individuals who have committed crimes as defined by law. When you select law master thesis topics based on criminal law, you can choose law enforcement topics related to drug dealing, manslaughter, kidnapping, and more. Some examples are shared below:

• Female and male rape legislations: An in-depth evaluation of critical differences
• Using lie detectors _ an assessment of their efficacy in criminal justice
• Are manslaughter laws possible to misuse — what are the remedies to protect such victims?
• A detailed analysis of crime-related factors best not presented in the court of law and why?
• Witness protection – laws, guidelines, and measures against retaliation
• Death Penalty – History, justification, and analysis
• Criminal theory – A thematic review to explore the connection between morality and crime
• Challenges in identification of the nature of crime and its distribution — an in-depth analysis based on a case study
• Is anatomy justified in lawsuits related to sexual offenses — evaluating the rights of the victim and the defendant
• Legal rights — striking a balance between the rights of the victim and the defendant during the lawsuit
• What are the implications of the war against terror — Enforcement of criminal law and its implications
• A case study analysis of the war against terror
• A case study analysis of racial prejudice in prison
• Religious laws and crimes in developing nations
• Police interrogations – Principles, legal framework, and human rights

Child in conflict with the law thesis topics

These topics are related to the study of issues and laws concerning children who conflict with the law due to committing juvenile crimes.

• Legal protection and rights of children in cases of a child in conflict with the law
• Children in conflict with the law in metro cities and the legal framework guiding the handling of such cases
• Improving the legal protection available for children in conflict with the law
• An in-depth study of the measures available to reintegrate children in conflict with the law into the society
• Laws to facilitate the rehabilitation of children in conflict with the law
• Exploitation and abuse of children in conflict with the law and remedies to prevent it
• Procedures in court for children in conflict with the law
• Violence and exploitation leading children into conflict with the law – Case study analysis
• Human rights and laws supporting children affected by illegal migration
• Analyzing children’s rights against harmful work and economic exploitation

Controversial law topics

As a college student, there will be umpteen issues that will spark debates and encourage you to take a stance either for or against. These may include constitutional law paper topics or laws on sensitive matters that have triggered global emotions. Here are some such topics to explore:

• Reviewing the need for the Gun Law
• Abortion – Pro-choice or pro-life the legal angles
• Understanding religious freedom by law and the freedom of choice to deny service based on religion
• Prescription of addictive opioids as legal painkillers — the justification and after effects
• The legal framework guiding animal research
• Vaccine administration from the perspective of legal implications, compliance and non-compliance, herd immunity, and parental duty
• Right to privacy – the conflict between individual privacy Vs public safety
• Freemarket capitalization – government regulations vs free trade
• Environment support policies, government regulations, and economic costs
• Uniform minimum wage system — controversy, legal parameters, and remedies
• White supremacy — a political ideology that affects the legal and economic framework
• Legalizing marijuana for medicinal and recreational usage
• Capital punishment and its legal justification
• The Marriage Equality Act – Rights and responsibilities in same-sex marriages
• Black lives matter — an insight into the lack of political or legal repercussions for death in custody
• Immigration restrictions and reforms – scope for improvement and change
• The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program and upholding deportation protection
• Temporary blocking of international students during the Corona Virus Pandemic – Legal implications
• Transgender rights — Remedies against discrimination and injustice caused by inequality
• Islamic Criminal law vis a vis Human Rights — an analysis.

Sports law topics

Sport is an ever-intriguing subject, and it offers some interesting legal topics for dissertation writing. Your topic can cover international sports laws, rules and regulations guiding sports, sporting bodies, their jurisdiction, and more.

• Cheerleading teams — negligence across different case studies
• Sports law implications on cases of doping in international events
• Legal aspects of international sporting events and the role of social media
• The transnational perspective of sports management – an overview
• Bosman Rulings – The EU Sports law and its international implications
• The management of club sports in the UK and related laws
• Match-fixing in football and sports laws governing the same
• Match-fixing in cricket and international sports laws governing the same
• Sportspersons marketing – Reviewing legal issues and influences
• Sports promotion aids in the UK, US, and EU — legal implications
• Legal aspects related to governance and monitoring of sports organizations
• Sports laws on lifestyle sports – a review
• National governing bodies of sports and their legal stance
• The role and impact of labor contracts concerning UK sporting bodies
• Policies and practices of the US sports law
• Visa systems for international sportspersons and problems faced by them
• Constitutional rights of student-athletes
• Sexual harassment in sports and laws against it
• Policies aiding the promotion and protection of rights of transgender athletes
• Coaches’ contract and employment laws

Hot thesis topics in employment law

Employment law offers some very interesting law topics to work on. Under this, you can write your dissertation on labor laws, worker compensation, immigration laws, minimum wages, wrongful termination, and many such research topics in law.

• How employment laws convergence with religion in the US
• UK employment laws — A before and after comparison after exiting the EU
• UK Trade Unions and their impact — challenges and successes
• A review of unfair dismissal laws in the UK
• Employment laws in the UK and US automobile industry — A comparative study
• Employment contracts in the UK manufacturing industry — A comprehensive study of job satisfaction
• Issues with application and enforcement of laws in international firms: A case study
• Agency workers — employment rights and legal status in firms
• US ‘Fire at will’ employment ability and should it be made possible in the UK.
• Social work employment — Reviewing all legal aspects through a case study
• Employee dismissal — a comparison of UK and EU laws.
• Working parents and the benefits of Flexibility Working Regulations 2002
• Gender differences in employment laws and regulations across the US and the UK.
• Analyzing the efficacy of sexual harassment laws in the workplace
• Employee mobility across EU countries — a legal overview.
• Employment laws concerning the disabled in the UK — policies, and practices
• Equality Act 2010 and the rights of disabled
• A comprehensive study of the right to fair labor practices in the UK
• Unfair Vs Wrongful — what offers greater protection under employment laws
• Zero-hour contracts — significance and ways to improve

Medical law and ethics thesis topics

Medical law focuses on the rights and responsibilities of patients and medical professionals. Some exciting areas of medical law that you can focus on include patient confidentiality, patient consent, negligence, professional malpractice, failure in diagnosing, treatment malpractices leading to injury or death, and patient defamation among other topics.

• Laws governing organ retention — pros and cons
• Organ transplantation — A comprehensive study of governing laws in the US.
• Abortion — A comprehensive study of governing laws and stages when abortion is allowed or forbidden in the UK.
• Do judges handling medical disputes need special education to ensure fact-based judgments?
• Forced sterilization — laws, implementation, and who is to be targeted?
• Laws governing medical research — a comprehensive study
• Disputes arising due to medical complications during surgeries — legal implications
• Unregistered medical intervention — Legal implications in the US
• Electronic fetal monitoring and concerning laws.
• Medical ethics in practice concerning medical law
• Assisted suicide — the legal, ethical, and medical perspectives
• Lawsuits and their effect on the commitment and dedication of medical practitioners
• Biobanks — The associated legal and ethical challenges
• Is it possible for medical practitioners to treat mental disorders without bias?
• Laws against animal cruelty during medical research — a case study

Family law thesis topics

Besides marriage, divorce, custody, compensation, and alimony, you can cover several other interesting aspects of family law in your dissertation. Given below are some examples of topics you can explore:

• UK Family Law — Changes over the past five decades.
• Human rights in countries following religious family laws
• Family lawsuits and how they are impacted by culture
• Domestic violence and its effects on men Vs women
• Deciding custody in divorce cases and the importance of the child’s desire in influencing the court’s decision
• Divorce law and how it has impacted the number of divorces
• Child neglect and its legal implications in the US
• Child justice Vs family justice: Evaluating the compatibility
• What are the factors that prevent couples from seeking a divorce?
• US family law — is it due for reforms?
• Family law and its provisions when a divorced parent wishes to move abroad with the child
• Cohabitation Law in the US and is it due for reforms
• Divorce laws — are they gender-biased or is it only a perception
• Custody rights when the child has learning disabilities — a comprehensive overview
• Do Islamic traditions impact family laws of UK-based Muslims
• UK family laws governing financial decisions in cases of dementia and forced separation
• Rights of children to have a family life in non-marital families
• Family laws governing marriage and divorce in transgender people — a comparison of US and UK
• Legal implications of non-consensual adoption in the US
• The role of grandparents in the social fabric and provisions in the Family law

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April 9, 2024

Emory University’s graduate and professional schools and programs continue to be ranked among the best in the country, according to U.S. News & World Report’s 2024 Best Graduate Schools, which was released April 9.

The annual list uses data, surveys and other information to rank programs in schools of nursing, public health, business, law and other areas. The publication has delayed releasing rankings for medical schools, engineering schools and clinical psychology programs because of concerns with the data.

Here are the Emory schools included in this year’s national rankings:

The Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing master’s program ranks 1st in the nation. The school’s doctor of nursing practice program is 6th.

The Rollins School of Public Health ranks 3rd in the nation.  In the category of public health programs, U.S. News issued rankings for several master’s programs: biostatistics (5th), environmental health science (3rd), epidemiology (4th), health policy and management (8th) and social behavior (3rd). 

Goizueta Business School’s full-time MBA program ranks 18th. The Executive MBA program is 13th and the part-time program is 20th.

The School of Law ranks 42nd in the nation. Multiple programs within the school also received rankings including business/corporate law (22nd), constitutional law (25th), contracts/commercial law (21st) and health care law (21st).

The Laney Graduate School awards all PhDs at Emory in partnership with faculty located in various schools and departments across the university. Among doctoral science programs, computer science is 64th.

In U.S. News’ rankings of nursing master’s programs, Emory’s nurse practitioner, adult/gerontology, primary care is 3rd ; nurse practitioner, adult/gerontology, acute care is 4th; and family nurse practitioner program is 4th.

In rankings of Emory’s doctor of nursing practice programs, adult gerontology/acute care is 4th; adult gerontology/primary care is 3rd; family practice 5th; and nurse administration management 6th.

Each school may have additional information about rankings issued to specific programs. Not all graduate and professional programs are ranked annually.

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• Georgia Tech
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