how to pass watson glaser critical thinking

What Is the Watson Glaser Test?

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Updated May 10, 2024

Modern employers have changed the way that they recruit new candidates. They are no longer looking for people who have the technical skills on paper that match the job description.

Instead, they are looking for candidates who can demonstrably prove that they have a wider range of transferrable skills.

One of those key skills is the ability to think critically .

Firms (particularly those in sectors such as law, finance, HR and marketing ) need to know that their employees can look beyond the surface of the information presented to them.

They want confidence that their staff members can understand, analyze and evaluate situations or work-related tasks. There is more on the importance of critical thinking later in this article.

This is where the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking test comes into play.

The Watson Glaser critical thinking test is a unique assessment that provides a detailed analysis of a participant’s ability to think critically.

The test lasts 30 minutes and applicants can expect to be tested on around 40 questions in five distinct areas :

Assumptions

Interpretation.

The questions are multiple-choice and may be phrased as true/false statements in a bid to see how well the participant has understood and interpreted the information provided.

Employers around the world use it during recruitment campaigns to help hiring managers effectively filter their prospective candidates .

The Watson Glaser test has been used for more than 85 years; employers trust the insights that the test can provide.

In today’s competitive jobs market where every candidate has brought the best of themselves, it can be increasingly difficult for employers to decide between applicants.

On paper, two candidates may appear identical, with a similar level of education, work experience, and even interests and skills.

But that does not necessarily mean both or either of them is right for the job.

There is much information available on creating an effective cover letter and resume, not to mention advice on making a good impression during an interview.

As a result, employers are increasingly turning to psychometric testing to look beyond the information that they have.

They want to find the right fit: someone who has the skills that they need now and in the future. And with recruitment costs rising each year, making the wrong hiring decision can be catastrophic.

This is where the Watson Glaser test can help.

It can provide hiring managers with the additional support and guidance they need to help them make an informed decision.

The Watson Glaser test is popular among firms working in professional services (such as law, banking and insurance) . It is used for recruitment for junior and senior positions and some of the world’s most recognized establishments are known for their use of the test.

The Bank of England, Deloitte, Hiscox, Linklaters and Hogan Lovells are just a few employers who enhance their recruitment processes through Watson Glaser testing.

Critical thinking is all about logic and rational thought. Finding out someone’s critical thinking skill level is about knowing whether they can assess whether they are being told the truth and how they can use inferences and assumptions to aid their decision-making.

If you are working in a high-pressure environment, having an instinctive ability to look beyond the information provided to the underlying patterns of cause-and-effect can be crucial to do your job well.

Although it is often thought of concerning law firms and finance teams, it is easy to see how critical thinking skills could be applied to a wide range of professions.

For example, HR professionals dealing with internal disputes may need to think critically. Or social workers and other health professionals may need to use critical thinking to assess whether someone is vulnerable and in need of help and support when that person does not or cannot say openly.

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Critical thinking is about questioning what you already know . It is about understanding how to find the facts and the truth about a situation or argument without being influenced by other people’s opinions .

It is also about looking at the bigger picture and seeing how decisions made now may have short-term benefits but long-term consequences.

For those working in senior managerial roles, this ability to think objectively can make a big difference to business success.

As part of the critical thinking assessment, the Watson Glaser Test focuses on the acronym, 'RED':

• R ecognize assumptions
• E valuate arguments
• D raw conclusions

Put simply, the RED model ensures you can understand how to move beyond subconscious bias in your thinking. It ensures that you can identify the truth and understand the differences between fact and opinion.

To recognize assumptions , you must understand yourself and others: what your thought patterns and past experiences have led you to conclude about the world.

Evaluating arguments requires you to genuinely consider the merits of all options in a situation, and not just choose the one you feel that you ‘ought’ to.

Finally, to draw an accurate and beneficial conclusion you must trust your decision-making and understanding of the situation.

Watson Glaser Practice Test Questions & Answers

As mentioned earlier, the Watson Glaser Test assesses five core elements. Here, they will be examined in more depth:

This part of the test is about your ability to draw conclusions based on facts . These facts may be directly provided or may be assumptions that you have previously made.

Within the assessment, you can expect to be provided with a selection of text. Along with the text will be a statement.

You may need to decide whether that statement is true, probably true, insufficient data (neither true nor false), probably false or false.

The test looks to see if your answer was based on a conclusion that could be inferred from the text provided or if it is based on an assumption you previously made.

Take a Watson Glaser Practice Test

Example Statement:

500 students recently attended a voluntary conference in New York. During the conference, two of the main topics discussed were issues relating to diversity and climate change. This is because these are the two issues that the students selected that are important to them.

Many people make decisions based on assumptions. But you need to be able to identify when assumptions are being made.

Within the Watson Glaser test , you will be provided with a written statement as well as an assumption.

You will be asked to declare whether that assumption was made in the text provided or not .

This is an important part of the test; it allows employers to understand if you have any expectations about whether things are true or not . For roles in law or finance, this is a vital skill.

We need to save money, so we’ll visit the local shops in the nearest town rather than the local supermarket

As a core part of critical thinking, 'deduction' is the ability to use logic and reasoning to come to an informed decision .

You will be presented with several facts, along with a variety of conclusions. You will be tasked with confirming whether those conclusions can be made from the information provided in that statement.

The answers are commonly in a ‘Yes, it follows/No, it does not follow’ form.

It is sometimes sunny on Wednesdays. All sunny days are fun. Therefore…

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Critical thinking is also about interpreting the information correctly. It is about using the information provided to come to a valuable, informed decision .

Like the deduction questions, you will be provided with a written statement, which you must assume to be true.

You will also be provided with a suggested interpretation of that written statement. You must decide if that interpretation is correct based on the information provided, using a yes/no format.

A study of toddlers shows that their speech can change significantly between the ages of 10 months and three years old. At 1 year old, a child may learn their first word whereas at three years old they may know 200 words

Evaluation of Arguments

This final part requires you to identify whether an argument is strong or weak . You will be presented with a written statement and several arguments that can be used for or against it. You need to identify which is the strongest argument and which is the weakest based on the information provided.

Should all 18-year-olds go to college to study for a degree after they have graduated from high school?

There are no confirmed pass/fail scores for Watson Glaser tests; different sectors have different interpretations of what is a good score .

Law firms, for example, will require a pass mark of at least 75–80% because the ability to think critically is an essential aspect of working as a lawyer.

As a comparative test, you need to consider what the comparative ‘norm’ is for your chosen profession. Your score will be compared to other candidates taking the test and you need to score better than them.

It is important to try and score as highly as you possibly can. Your Watson Glaser test score can set you apart from other candidates; you need to impress the recruiters as much as possible.

Your best chance of achieving a high score is to practice as much as possible in advance.

Everyone will have their own preferred study methods, and what works for one person may not necessarily work for another.

However, there are some basic techniques everyone can use, which will enhance your study preparation ahead of the test:

Step 1 . Pay Attention to Online Practice Tests

There are numerous free online training aids available; these can be beneficial as a starting point to your preparation.

However, it should be noted that they are often not as detailed as the actual exam questions.

When researching for online test questions, make sure that any questions are specific to the Watson Glaser Test , not just critical thinking.

General critical thinking questions can help you improve your skills but will not familiarize you with this test. Therefore, make sure you practice any questions which follow the ‘rules’ and structure of a Watson Glaser Test .

Step 2 . Paid-for Preparation Packs Can Be Effective

If you are looking for something that mimics the complexity of a Watson Glaser test , you may wish to look at investing in a preparation pack.

There are plenty of options available from sites such as TestHQ . These are often far more comprehensive than free practice tests.

They may also include specific drills (which take you through each of the five stages of the test) as well as study guides, practice tests and suggestions of how to improve your score.

Psychologically, if you have purchased a preparation pack, you may be more inclined to increase your pre-test practice/study when compared to using free tools, due to having invested money.

Step 3 . Apply Critical Thinking to All Aspects of Your Daily Routine

The best way to improve your critical thinking score is to practice it every day.

It is not just about using your skills to pass an exam question; it is about being able to think critically in everyday scenarios.

Therefore, when you are reading the news or online articles, try to think whether you are being given facts or you are making deductions and assumptions from the information provided.

The more you practice your critical thinking in these scenarios, the more it will become second nature to you.

You could revert to the RED model: recognize the assumptions being made, by you and the author; evaluate the arguments and decide which, if any, are strong; and draw conclusions from the information provided and perhaps see if they differ from conclusions drawn using your external knowledge.

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Nine Top Tips for Ensuring Success in Your Watson Glaser Test

If you are getting ready to participate in a Watson Glaser test, you must be clear about what you are being asked to do.

Here are a few tips that can help you to improve your Watson Glaser test score.

1. Practice, Practice, Practice

Critical thinking is a skill that should become second nature to you. You should practice as much as possible, not just so that you can pass the test, but also to feel confident in using your skills in reality.

2. The Best Success Is Based on the Long-Term Study

To succeed in your Watson Glaser test , you need to spend time preparing.

Those who begin studying in the weeks and months beforehand will be far more successful than those who leave their study to the last minute.

3. Acquaint Yourself With the Test Format

The Watson Glaser test has a different type of question to other critical thinking tests.

Make sure that you are aware of what to expect from the test questions. The last thing you want is to be surprised on test day.

4. Read the Instructions Carefully

This is one of the simplest but most effective tips. Your critical thinking skills start with understanding what you are being asked to do. Take your time over the question.

Although you may only have 30 minutes to complete the test, it is still important that you do not rush through and submit the wrong answers. You do not get a higher score if you finish early, so use your time wisely.

5. Only Use the Information Provided in the Question

Remember, the purpose of the test is to see if you can come to a decision based on the provided written statement.

This means that you must ignore anything that you think you already know and focus only on the information given in the question.

6. Widen Your Non-Fictional Reading

Reading a variety of journals, newspapers and reports, and watching examples of debates and arguments will help you to improve your skills.

You will start to understand how the same basic facts can be presented in different ways and cause people to draw different conclusions.

From there, you can start to enhance your critical thinking skills to go beyond the perspective provided in any given situation.

7. Be Self-Aware

We all have our own biases and prejudices whether we know them or not. It is important to think about how your own opinions and life experiences may impact how you perceive and understand situations.

For example, someone who has grown up with a lot of money may have a different interpretation of what it is like to go without, compared to someone who has grown up in extreme poverty.

It is important to have this self-awareness as it is important for understanding other people; this is useful if you are working in sectors such as law.

8. Read the Explanations During Your Preparation

To make the most of practice tests, make sure you read the analysis explaining the answers, regardless of if you got the question right or wrong.

This is the crux of your study; it will explain the reasoning why a certain answer is correct, and this will help you understand how to choose the correct answers.

9. Practice Your Timings

You know that you will have five sections to complete in the test. You also know that you have 30 minutes to complete the test.

Therefore, make sure that your timings are in sync within your practice, so you can work your way through the test in its entirety.

Time yourself on how long each section takes you and put in extra work on your slowest.

What score do you need to pass the Watson Glaser test?

There is no standard benchmark score to pass the Watson Glaser test . Each business sector has its own perception of what constitutes a good score and every employer will set its own requirements.

It is wise to aim for a Watson Glaser test score of at least 75%. To score 75% or higher, you will need to correctly answer at least 30 of the 40 questions.

The employing organization will use your test results to compare your performance with other candidates within the selection pool. The higher you score in the Watson Glaser test , the better your chances of being hired.

Can you fail a Watson Glaser test?

It is not possible to fail a Watson Glaser test . However, your score may not be high enough to meet the benchmark set by the employing organization.

By aiming for a score of at least 75%, you stand a good chance of progressing to the next stage of the recruitment process.

Are Watson Glaser tests hard?

Many candidates find the Watson Glaser test hard. The test is designed to assess five different aspects of logical reasoning skills. Candidates must work under pressure, which adds another dimension of difficulty.

By practicing your critical thinking skills, you can improve your chances of achieving a high score on the Watson Glaser test .

How do I prepare for Watson Glaser?

To prepare for Watson Glaser , you will need to practice your critical thinking abilities. This can be achieved through a range of activities; for example, reading a variety of newspapers, journals and other literature.

Try applying the RED model to your reading – recognize the assumptions being made (both by you and the writer), evaluate the arguments and decide which of these (if any) are strong.

You should also practice drawing conclusions from the information available to you.

Online Watson Glaser practice assessments are a useful way to prepare for Watson Glaser. These practice tests will give you an idea of what to expect on the day, although the questions are not usually as detailed as those in the actual test.

You might also consider using a paid-for Watson Glaser preparation pack, such as the one available from TestHQ . Preparation packs provide a comprehensive test guide, including practice tests and recommendations on how to improve your test score.

How long does the Watson Glaser test take?

Candidates are allowed 30 minutes to complete the Watson Glaser test . The multiple-choice test questions are grouped into five distinct areas – assumptions, deduction, evaluation, inference and interpretation.

Which firms use the Watson Glaser test?

Companies all over the world use the Watson Glaser test as part of their recruitment campaigns.

It is a popular choice for professional service firms, including banking, law, and insurance. Firms using the Watson Glaser test include the Bank of England, Hiscox, Deloitte and Clifford Chance.

How many times can you take the Watson Glaser test?

Most employers will only allow you to take the Watson Glaser test once per application. However, you may take the Watson Glaser test more than once throughout your career.

What is the next step after passing the Watson Glaser test?

The next step after passing the Watson Glaser test will vary between employers. Some firms will ask you to attend a face-to-face interview after passing the Watson Glaser test, others will ask you to attend an assessment center. Speak to the hiring manager to find out the process for the firm you are applying for.

Start preparing in advance for the Watson Glaser test

The Watson Glaser test differs from other critical thinking tests. It has its own rules and formations, and the exam is incredibly competitive. If you are asked to participate in a Watson Glaser test it is because your prospective employer is looking for the ‘best of the best’. Your aim is not to simply pass the test; it is to achieve a higher score than anyone else taking that test .

Therefore, taking the time to prepare for the Watson Glaser test is vital for your chances of success. You need to be confident that you know what you are being asked to do, and that you can use your critical thinking skills to make informed decisions.

Your study is about more than helping you to pass a test; it is about providing you with the skills and capability to think critically about information in the ‘real world’ .

You might also be interested in these other Psychometric Success articles:

Or explore the Aptitude Tests / Test Types sections.

How to Prepare and Pass the Watson-Glaser Test

In the following article, we will explore one of the most challenging pre-employment tests in the UK and worldwide – the Watson Glaser test – which is most commonly used for recruitment in the legal sector.

Included are an overview of the test, its main challenges, and how to overcome them with effective practice methods. The article also features two brief introductory videos:

Video #1 – Structure, content, and practice tips

Video #2 – Step-by-step solutions to five Watson Glaser sample questions, to exemplify the rules and requirements of the test.

What Is the Watson Glaser Test?

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) is a pre-employment test used primarily in the law industry. Some of the major employers using the test are Linklaters, Clifford Chance, Hogan Lovells, and the Government Legal Service. The test assesses your critical thinking – namely, your ability to analyse and interpret verbal information, draw conclusions, evaluate arguments, etc.

The test contains 40 questions divided into 5 sections, each one assessing a different aspect of critical thinking:

• Recognition of Assumptions
• Interpretation
• Evaluation of Arguments

Visit the Complete Watson Glaser Test Guide for a full overview of the test sections and content, including sample questions and a free sample test.

The Watson Glaser Test Guide

Check out the following 3.5-minutes video for a complete overview of the Watson Glaser test:

What Are the Main Challenges of the Watson Glaser Test and How to Overcome Them?

The Watson Glaser test is indeed considered a difficult test, designed with very specific rules, and often requiring counterintuitive solving methods. And yet, with a good understanding of the three main challenges of the test and the ways to overcome them, you CAN improve your score and get the offers you want. Let’s see how:

Challenge #1 – A Single Trait Measured

The Watson Glaser test is aimed at assessing one thing only – your critical thinking. It does so in five different ways and being successful on all of them is the best guarantee to passing the test.

Overcoming Challenge #1 – Prepare for Test Sections as They Are

You have a test, so prepare for the test.

Learn how the Watson Glaser test questions look like, and practise that.

Once you have a grasp of the test, you can certainly construct your own practice plan using open sources. However, structured preparation plans such as JobTestPrep’s Watson Glaser Preparation Pack make it much easier, with practice material replicating the actual test’s rules and formatting.

Challenge #2 – A Unique Set of Rules

The Watson Glaser has its own set of rules, unparalleled by any other critical thinking test. For example:

• Generalisation equals existence
• “Probably True” and “Probably False” answer choices.

This makes the Watson Glaser test a unique, tailored testing experience, which requires a tailored preparation plan.

Overcoming Challenge #2 – Learn to Let Go

A major part of your preparation will be to uproot all your misconceptions about how to solve critical thinking questions and to learn how to ignore any irrelevant information. This may be the hardest part of you preparation. You will learn to go against what you believe to be true, just to get the question right. To beat your competitors, you must think like the test does and not like you do.

Want to see the test rules in action? Watch the following video , where we explain the logic behind five sample Watson Glaser questions, one of each category.

Challenge #3 – Intuition and Knowledge Will Fail You

The Watson Glaser test uses a collection of tactics to constantly elude, distract, and mislead you with near-correct answers. To avoid these pitfalls, you must understand the exact rules of the test and disregard anything else.

Up for the challenge? Try a 7-minutes free Watson Glaser sample test

Overcoming Challenge #3 – Develop Thinking Algorithms

One of the best ways to make sure you set your own beliefs and opinions aside is developing thinking algorithms – a methodical series of simple Q&As that lead you to the correct answer. For instance:

• Evaluation of Arguments– ITDN table
• Recognition of Assumptions – The Negative Test
• Inference – Common Inference vs. Common Knowledge

With some focused practice, thinking algorithms will replace your intuition and personal knowledge as your main critical thinking tool.

This article was written by Shlomik Silbiger, JobTestPrep’s expert on the Watson Glaser test. If you have any questions, contact  [email protected]

Free access to JobTestPrep for Oxford University students

As an Oxford University student, you can get free access to JobTestPrep via the Careers Service to practise for a wide variety of online recruitment tests, including Watson Glaser CTA, e-tray exercises and assessment centres as well as numerical-, verbal- and spatial-reasoning tests. Find out how you can gain access >>

Watson-Glaser Assessments: Guidelines & Practice Examples

Originally designed by Goodwin Watson and Edward Glaser, The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (Form AM) was a measurement of “how well you are able to reason analytically and logically.” After their extensive use during World War One, experts increasingly used the tests as a tool to rank and filter individuals in contexts including (but not limited to) education and employment. In this article, we’ll be providing you with an overview of The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, its test format, and question examples for your practice.

Table of Contents

What is a Watson Glaser test?

The Watson Glaser Assessment (Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal) is designed by Pearson Talentlens – a part of the famous Pearson education publishing house. The assessment is a quick, consistent, and accurate measurement of the test-takers ability to analyze, reason, interpret and draw logical conclusions from written information .

This critical thinking test has five scales which are the elementary units of critical thinking and reasoning . These five units serve as parameters to measure all areas of critical thinking ability.

The test is administered to appraising adults (16 years and above) with questions of varying difficulty and format.

Watson Glaser Test format

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal is a timed test. It can be administered both online and offline, depending on the company you are applying to.

• For the online version (W-G III), the test is suitable for the unproctored screening of job applicants . Questions are selected randomly from a larger pool of questions called “item bank”. This helps minimize the possibility of cheating due to the fact that there are no applicants having the same set of questions.
• For the offline version (W-G II Forms D and E), applicants have to take the test under supervised conditions .

Upon finishing, applicants receive a percentile score with norm groups either provided by Pearson Talentlens or designed by the company.

Popular test formats are as follows:

• 40 questions – 30 minutes
• 80 questions – 60 minutes

The question distribution in a 40-question Watson Glaser test includes the following:

• Inference – 5 questions
• Recognition of assumptions – 12 questions
• Deduction – 5 questions
• Interpretation – 6 questions
• Evaluation – 12 questions

Watson Glaser test: 5 question types & examples

Five types of questions appearing in the test are

Infer questions

• Recognize Assumption questions

Deduce questions

Interpret questions.

• Evaluate Argument questions

You will find five choices of answers for each inference in the question: True, Probably True, Insufficient Data, Probably False, and False. Your job is to determine which choice best fits the hypothesis.

• True : If you think the inference is definitely TRUE; that it properly follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the statement of facts given.
• Probably True : If, in the light of the facts given, you think the inference is Probably True; that it is more likely to be true than false.
• Insufficient Data : If you decide that there are Insufficient Data; that you cannot tell from the facts given whether the inference is likely to be true or false; if the facts provide no basis for judging one way or another.
• Probably False : If, in the light of the facts given, you think the inference is Probably False; that it is more likely to be true than false.
• False : If you think the inference is definitely False; that it is wrong, either because it misinterprets the facts given, or because it contradicts the facts or necessary inferences from those facts.

Unlike popular aptitude tests where you use solely given information, this test allows the use of specific commonly accepted knowledge or information that practically every person has.

Source: Pearson Talentlens

During the past month, managers scheduled for international assignments voluntarily attended our company’s cross-cultural business training workshop. All of the managers reported that the quality of the training was high and focused on valuable work skills that could be immediately applied.

The majority of training was devoted to rules and regulations for doing business in this country. 

A. True B. Probably True C. Insufficient Data D. Probably False E. False

Answer : Probably False

Explanation : Probably False because the training focused on cross-cultural business. It cannot be considered definitely false because the specific course content is not provided.

Practice Example:

Chamonix is one of the oldest ski resorts in France. Last year, the Chamonix-Mont-Blanc Valley authorities introduced a climate and energy action plan, the first in the French Alps. The plan commits to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the area by 22 percent. Among the proposed measures is a ban on the most polluting lorries using the nearby Mont Blanc tunnel. Climate change will have a major impact on the valley’s main economic activities: less snow on low-altitude ski slopes and the risk of increased pressure on high-altitude ski slopes have been recorded in recent studies. Natural habitats, river patterns, forests, and agriculture might be radically transformed, increasing the likelihood of hazards such as avalanches, floods, and landslides.

Although air quality is a great concern for those living at the foot of Mont Blanc, noise pollution is arguably the most noticeable at a local level.

A. True B. ProbablyTrue C. Insufficient Data D. Probably False E. False

Answer : Insufficient Data

Explanation : The passage does not mention noise pollution, as well as its existence at local level.

Recognize assumption questions

In this question, you are presented with a statement and two choices “ Assumption made ” or “ Assumption not made “. Your job is to determine whether the statement is an assumption taken for granted (Assumption made) or an assumption not necessarily taken for granted (Assumption not made).

We need to save time in getting there so we’d better go by plane.

There is a plane service available to us for at least part of the distance to the destination. 

A. Assumption made B. Assumption not made

Answer : Assumption made

Explanation :

This is assumed in the statement because, in order to save time by plane, it must be possible to go by plane.

While owning a pet can be expensive and is occasionally an inconvenience, it’s a good thing to do if you want to improve your chances of living a satisfying life.

Pet owners will always lead more satisfying lives than those who don’t own pets.

Answer : Assumption not made

From the given premises, we can only see that: if you want a satisfying life, it is a good thing to have a pet. However, having a pet does not definitely lead to a satisfying life. There is no indication to compare the satisfaction between having a pet or not having a pet as a way to live a satisfying life. 

In this type of question, each item contains several statements (premises) followed by several suggested conclusions. For the purposes of the test, you must consider the given statements as true without exception. The question presents you with two options

• Conclusion follows : If you think the conclusion necessarily follows from the statements given;
• Conclusion does not follow : If you think it is not a necessary conclusion from the statements given. 

Since the test requires you to regard given statements as completely true, you have to try not to let your common sense and existing knowledge interfere. You have to stick to only the given statements (premises) and make judgments as to whether it necessarily follows from the statement or not.

One thing to note is the use of the word “Some” in this type of question. It means an indefinite part or quantity of a class of things. It can be either a portion or perhaps all of the class.

Sample: 

Some Sundays are rainy. All rainy days are boring. Therefore …

Some Sundays are boring.

A. Conclusion follows B. Conclusion does not follow

Answer : Conclusion follows

The conclusion necessarily follows from the statements because, according to them, rainy Sundays must be boring.

Damage to roads in the area has made them unsuitable for loads over one ton. These loads are being transported to the capital by air, but as air resources are limited they are restricted to carrying food and medical supplies. Roads cannot be repaired until medical emergencies are dealt with. Therefore, …

Food can be taken to the capital by road.

Answer : Conclusion does not follow

Roads can not be used to transport food in loads over one ton. Food loads over one ton are being transported by air. We are not sure whether food in loads under one ton are delivered by road or anything else.

An interpret question provides you with a short paragraph followed by several suggested conclusions. You must assume that everything in the short paragraph is true, for the purpose of the test. To answer the question, you have to judge whether or not each of the suggested conclusions logically follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the information presented in the paragraph.

You have two answer choices:

• Conclusion follows : If you think the conclusions follow beyond a reasonable doubt (although they may not follow absolutely and necessarily);
• Conclusion does not follow : If you think the conclusions doesn’t follow beyond a reasonable doubt from the facts given in the short paragraph. 

As a rule of thumb, you should judge each conclusion independently from your common sense or outside knowledge.

Source: Watson Glaser

A study of vocabulary growth in children from ages eight months to six years old shows that the size of spoken vocabulary increases from zero words at age eight months to 2562 words at age six years.

Vocabulary is slowest during the period when children are learning to walk.

Answer : Conclusion does not follow.

The conclusion does not follow because there is no information given that relates the growth of vocabulary to walking.

An accounting computer program, MagicNumber, is Wisdom Software’s biggest-selling product, with its development involving 20% of programmers and 30% of marketing staff. DesignAid, a graphic design program, is the latest offering from the company. It is definitely expected to sell more copies than MagicNumber and will have fewer programmers working on its design, but more marketing staff.

DesignAid will bring in greater profits for the company than MagicNumber.

The paragraph only mentioned that DesignAid is expected to sell more than MagicNumber. This does not necessarily mean that DesignAid uiwll bring greater profit than MagicNumber.

Evaluate argument questions

The question involves distinguishing between strong and weak arguments, as far as the question at issue is concerned. In each question, there is a series of arguments that you must regard as true. Your job is to determine whether or not each of these arguments is a strong or a weak one.

• Argument strong : If you think the argument is strong;
• Argument weak: If you think the argument is weak.

For an objective evaluation of the argument, you must judge each argument independently on its own merit, without the influence of your personal perception.

One thing to note is the use of the word Should. By using Should at the beginning of each question, it means “Would the proposed action promote the general welfare of the people in your country?”

Should young adults in this country go to university?

No; a large percentage of young adults do not have enough ability or interest to derive any benefit from university training.

A. Argument strong B. Argument weak

Answer : Argument strong.

If this is true, as the directions require us to assume, it is a weighty argument against all young adults going to university.

Practice Example 5:

Is it worthwhile for a business to invest in training employees?

Yes, research shows the amount of money spent on training is positively related to profitability.

A. Argument Strong B. Argument Weak

Answer : Argument Strong

The explanation show that business can increase their profit by invest more money on training. This is a direct back up evidence for the claim.

Which companies use Watson Glaser tests?

Watson Glaser Tests are popular in the pre-employment process across sectors such as medical, marketing, education, legal, and professional services. The test can be used for different job levels like Graduates, Execs and Managerial, Supervisors, and Professionals., depending on the company hiring request.

There are a great number of UK companies using it for their pre-employment screening process. The names include the following

• Simmons & Simmons
• Hill Dickinson
• Bank of England
• Burges Salmon
• Ince & Co
• Government Legal Service
• Irwin Mitchell
• Clifford Chance
• Hogan Lovells

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Watson Glaser Tests

• https://www.talentlens.co.uk/product/watson-glaser/
• 228 questions

Watson Glaser tests are a form of psychometric assessment that fall under the category of critical thinking tests. They are designed to determine how well an individual can process information from a logical perspective, and then evaluate, analyse and make sound judgements. As such, they are commonly used in the recruitment process for professions that rely on these skills.

What is a Watson Glaser test?

Watson Glaser test is a comprehensive psychometric assessment that falls under the category of critical thinking tests. It is designed to determine how well an individual can process information from a logical perspective, and then evaluate, analyze and make sound judgments. Watson Glaser test is commonly used in the recruitment process for professions that rely on these skills.

Watson Glaser tests have been around since 1925 when they were first developed by American psychologists Goodwin Watson and Edwin Glaser. Subject to many revisions and improvements over the years, they are now produced by test publisher TalentLens and are considered one of the most trusted methods of evaluating critical reasoning.

Critical thinking is a complex skill that requires the ability to interpret information, differentiate fact from fallacy, draw evidence-based conclusions and identify sound arguments, all while remaining objective.

Like many critical thinking tests , the Watson Glaser test measures these skills through verbal information: that is, statements or passages of text from which an individual is required to make deductions and inferences, pinpoint assumptions needed to validate a proposition, and weigh up the strength of an argument.

These are inherent skills, more prominent in some than others. The Watson Glaser test, therefore, requires no prior knowledge. Success relies on existing knowledge being put to one side, the sole focus being the evidence laid out in each question.

You may be asked to sit a Watson Glaser test by the potential employer if applying for a graduate, professional or managerial level position in a sector where critical thinking is a prerequisite. Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal is most commonly used in the legal sector, but also the selection process of organizations like the Bank of England.

The test may be used for screening purposes in the initial stages of the hiring process, or at a later date as part of an assessment day .

What is the format of a Watson Glaser test?

The Watson Glaser test is a timed, multiple-choice assessment, the most recent version of which consists of 40 critical reasoning questions with a 30-minute time constraint.

Questions are split across five areas of logical reasoning ability:

Drawing inferences

To draw inferences is essential to make an educated guess based on the evidence in front of you, without being swayed by any pre-existing knowledge or subconscious bias.

You’ll be presented with a short paragraph, followed by a set of inferred statements. Potential employees need to critically analyse the information in the given paragraph to determine if these statements are true, probably true, false, probably false, or if there is insufficient proof to determine either way.

Recognising assumptions

Assumptions relating to what we understand to be true without needing solid proof. They are the underlying facts that give an argument its validity.

In this section of the test, you’ll be presented with a statement and a set of assumptions. If the statement relies on the assumption being true, you would mark it as ‘assumption made’.

If the assumption is irrelevant to the statement or bears no weight on its validity, you would mark it as ‘assumption not made.

Deductive reasoning is the act of arriving at a fact-based conclusion through a logical thought process. A deduction differs from an assumption in that it is what we take away from an argument, as opposed to the facts on which an argument needs to stand.

Based solely on the evidence presented in a statement or short paragraph, you’ll need to determine if a list of conclusions does or does not logically follow the information in front of you.

Interpreting

The interpretation section of the Watson Glaser test is similar to the deduction section, in that you’ll be asked to determine whether a given conclusion can logically be drawn from an argument.

However, with these questions, you’ll need to be able to identify significant pieces of information and decide if a logical interpretation can be applied in support of the conclusion in question.

Evaluating arguments

This last section looks at your ability to separate a weak argument from a strong one. It is designed to test your impartial evaluation of arguments, not your personal opinion.

A question will be posted, followed by a set of arguments on either side of the debate. You’ll need to decide if an argument is relevant and challenging, and therefore strong, or vague and unrealistic, and therefore weak.

What skills does it look to measure?

The five sections combined to give an overall picture of your performance in key areas, and measure your ability to:

Define a problem

Select key points of information to formulate a solution

Understand when an assumption has been made, and when it has not

Hypothesise, or select an applicable hypothesis based on limited evidence

Draw fact-based conclusions

Determine the probability of an inference

What is a passing score on the Watson Glaser tests?

The results of your Watson Glaser test will be assessed against a norm group: individuals of a comparative educational background or professional standing – within a relevant field – that have previously sat the exam.

It is therefore difficult to state an exact pass score on the test since it depends entirely on the performance of your peers. Ideally, you’d look to reach 75% and above to give yourself a competitive edge.

Which professions use Watson Glaser tests, and why?

Watson Glaser tests are used to assess suitability for several occupations including those in the medical profession, marketing, and education. Those critical reasoning tests are most common in law firms and professional services sectors.

Many positions in law, banking, and finance, for example, require that an individual make informed decisions that can be justified, are rooted in fact, and are free from bias. Since critical thinking is an essential skill here, employers use Watson Glaser tests to determine how well-suited a candidate is for these professions.

How to prepare for a Watson Glaser test

Practice is the first port of call when preparing for your Watson Glaser test. Although critical thinking is an inherent skill, it can be nurtured and improved upon.

Watson Glaser tests are built around a model known as RED . Try to keep this in mind as you approach both practice tests and daily tasks.

The components associated with the RED model are:

Recognising assumptions . Instead of simply taking things at face value, such as the news or a part of a conversation with a friend or co-worker, ask yourself if what you’re hearing can be classified as true, and what the facts are that back it up. Are they evidential, or based on assumptions?

Evaluating arguments . We’re all guilty of seeking out information that confirms our perspective. Instead, actively look for opinions that contradict your own and assess them from an objective point of view. The better you become at seeing both sides of a story, the more prepared you’ll be to critically evaluate arguments in your Watson Glaser test.

Drawing conclusions . Try to get used to drawing fact-based conclusions, rather than those based on emotional reactions or subconscious bias. These conclusions may not align with your perspective, but a Watson Glaser test requires that you conclude impartially – and as with most things in life, practice makes perfect here.

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Tips for Watson Glaser tests

Study the practice questions.

In the official test, you’ll have the opportunity to complete practice questions. These are there for a reason, so use them wisely. Each section of the test differs slightly in its approach, and the more comfortable you are with what is being asked of you, the more clearly you’ll be able to approach the problem.

Leave instinct and intuition at the door

To succeed on a Watson Glaser test, you need to go against human nature and ignore everything you think you know. Each question will contain all the relevant information you need. Whether you believe it to be true, agree with it, or not, is irrelevant. For the sake of the test, evaluate only the information given. Any outside knowledge should temporarily be forgotten.

Examine each question carefully

The key to strategic critical thinking is to fully understand what is being presented. You cannot draw a valid conclusion, or understand what assumptions support an argument, if you do not fully comprehend what is put forward. You may feel the need to rush under the time pressure, but attention to detail is vital.

Look for keywords and phrases

The statement, proposition or paragraph of text at the start of each question will inevitably include keywords or phrases that relate directly to the assumptions, inferences or conclusions given. These are your clues. Identify them, and you’ll find it much easier to analyse each scenario objectively.

Split your time evenly

Remember, you have a set amount of time to work through all five sections of the test. Split this evenly across the board before you start, and keep track of how much time you spend on each question. It may seem counterintuitive to add to the pressure, but in setting yourself a time frame, you eliminate the risk of dedicated excessive attention to any one part of the test.

For further advice, check out our full set of tips for Watson Glaser tests .

Practice Aptitude Tests is not associated with Watson Glaser. We provide preparation services for Watson Glaser psychometric tests. Our tests are not designed to be identical to any style, employer or industry. Visit https://www.talentlens.co.uk/product/watson-glaser/ to find out more.

Sample Watson Glaser Tests question Test your knowledge!

What can be inferred from the following statement? 'Despite increased competition, sales figures for Company Y have improved.'

• Increased competition has had a direct negative effect on sales figures.
• Company Y has possibly employed successful strategies to overcome competitive challenges.
• The overall market has been declining.
• Company Y's products are unaffected by competition.

Which of the following conclusions can logically be drawn from the information given? Despite its small size, Company X is the market leader in its segment.

• Company X's market segment prefers quality over size.
• Company X has a larger market share in its segment than its bigger competitors.
• The size of a company is not related to its market leadership.
• Company X is the smallest company in its market segment.

After reading the passage, what is the author's main argument?

• Traditional education systems are adequate to meet current workforce needs.
• Workplaces need to ensure their employees are consistently learning to keep up with technological changes.
• Technological innovation has little impact on the skills required by the workforce.
• Education systems are evolving faster than workplaces can keep up.

Which assumption is implicit in the following statement? 'We expect our customer base to double when we expand our services internationally.'

• International markets are eager for the company's services.
• The company has conducted ample market research on international markets.
• The company's services are currently not available internationally.
• Customers are dissatisfied with the current services.

Evaluate the strength of the given argument: 'Since implementing the new safety protocol, our factory has seen a 30% reduction in workplace injuries.'

• The new safety protocol is ineffective and should be reviewed.
• The 30% reduction in workplace injuries can be solely attributed to the new safety protocol.
• The factory should promote the person responsible for the new safety protocol.
• The new safety protocol may have contributed to the reduction in workplace injuries.

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Watson Glaser Tests Tips

1 understand the test structure.

Before you dive into practicing for the Watson Glaser tests, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with their structure. These tests aim to assess critical thinking skills across a range of areas, which TalentLens categorizes as ‘select’, ‘develop’, and ‘engage’. By understanding the types of questions and sections you will encounter, you can tailor your test preparation strategy effectively.

2 Focus on Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is at the heart of Watson Glaser tests. It’s not just about what you know but how you apply your knowledge to analyze, evaluate, and make decisions. Spend time honing your reasoning skills—practice breaking down complex information into manageable parts and consider arguments from multiple perspectives.

3 Manage Your Time Wisely

Like many aptitude tests, the Watson Glaser tests require you to balance accuracy with speed. Practice managing your time efficiently so you can give each question the attention it deserves while ensuring you complete the test within the allotted time frame. Use timers in your practice sessions at Practice Aptitude Tests to simulate real test conditions.

4 Sharpen Your Reading Skills

Reading comprehension is essential for Watson Glaser tests, as you’ll need to interpret written material quickly and accurately. Practice reading dense and challenging texts to improve your absorption and analysis capabilities. The key here is to not only understand the passages but also to critically evaluate them.

5 Stay Calm and Confident

Test anxiety can affect your performance. Remember to stay calm, take deep breaths, and approach each question with confidence. Regular practice at Practice Aptitude Tests will help build your familiarity with the question types and format, which in turn will boost your test-taking confidence.

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Watson Glaser Tests FAQs

How does watson glaser define critical thinking.

According to the methodology behind Watson Glaser tests, critical thinking is the ability to observe a scenario and consider it from various perspectives, whilst identifying what is fact, what is assumed and what is mere opinion. In doing so, you should be able to draw logical conclusions and use these for informed decision making.

How can I improve my critical thinking skills?

Critical thinking is a part of our daily lives; we’re just not always aware that we’re doing it. To improve your skills, tune in to the world around you, ask questions, read actively and look for evidence in every statement or argument you come across. Take practice tests regularly to assess your progress.

Is the Watson Glaser test hard?

Watson Glaser tests are considered among the most challenging of all critical thinking assessments, since they test five separate aspects of logical reasoning ability . Time constraints also add to the pressure. That said, they are typically no harder than the careers for which they test your suitability, and with dedicated practice, you can hone your skills and make critical thinking second nature.

Where can I practice Watson Glaser tests?

There are multiple online resources available to help you prepare for your Watson Glaser test, including our own free practice tests . We recommended you work through these questions to familiarise yourself with the format and improve your critical thinking skills.

Reviews of our Watson Glaser tests

What our customers say about our Watson Glaser tests

Jozef Bailey

United Kingdom

April 05, 2022

Doesn't cover all aspects of Watson-Glaser tests but useful

The WGCTA uses more categories to assess critical thinking, but this was useful for the inference section.

April 01, 2022

Just practicing for an interview

Good information and liked that it had a countdown clock, to give you that real feel in the test situation.

Jerico Kadhir

March 31, 2022

Aptitude test

It was OK, I didn't understand personally whether or not the "cannot say" option was acceptable or not in a lot of the questions, as it may have been a trick option.

Salvarina Viknesuari

March 15, 2022

I like the test because the platform is simple and engaging while the test itself is different than most of the Watson Glaser tests I've taken.

Alexis Sheridan

March 02, 2022

Some of the ratios were harder than I thought!

I like how clear the design and layout is - makes things very easy (even if the content itself is not!)

Cyril Lekgetho

February 17, 2022

Mental arithmetic

I enjoyed the fact that there were multiple questions pertaining to one passage of information, rather than multiple passages. However I would've appreciated a more varied question type.

Madupoju Manish

February 16, 2022

Analytics are the best questions

I like the test because of its time schedule. The way the questions are prepared makes it easy to crack the original test.

Chelsea Franklin

February 02, 2022

Interesting

I haven't done something like this for ages. Very good for the brain - although I certainly experienced some fog whilst doing it.

[email protected]

January 04, 2022

Population/exchange rates were the hardest

Great test as it felt a bit time pressured. Very different types of questions in terms of difficulty.

faezeh tavakoli

January 02, 2022

More attention to detail + be more time conscious

It was asking about daily stuff we all deal with, but as an assessment it's scrutinising how we approach these problems.

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Mastering the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test: A Comprehensive Guide

In today's competitive job market, employers are increasingly looking for candidates who possess strong critical thinking skills. One tool that is commonly used to assess an individual's critical thinking abilities is the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test. Whether you're a student preparing for a career event or a professional looking to advance your career, mastering this test is essential. In this comprehensive guide, we will decode the Watson Glaser Test and provide you with valuable tips and strategies to ace it.

Decoding the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test

Before we delve into the purpose and structure of the Watson Glaser Test, let's first understand what it aims to assess. The test measures an individual's ability to analyze information, draw conclusions, evaluate arguments, and solve problems—all of which are crucial skills in various industries and job roles.

When it comes to critical thinking, it is important to note that it is not just about being able to think critically, but also being able to apply those critical thinking skills in real-world situations. The Watson Glaser Test is designed to evaluate your critical thinking skills, which are highly valued by employers. It assesses your ability to think logically and make reasoned decisions based on complex information. By taking this test, employers can gain valuable insights into your problem-solving abilities, analytical thinking, and decision-making potential.

Understanding the Purpose of the Watson Glaser Test

The Watson Glaser Test is widely recognized as a reliable tool for assessing critical thinking skills. It is used by employers to identify individuals who have the ability to think critically and make sound judgments. The test is particularly useful in industries where decision-making is crucial, such as graduates jobs in finance , consulting, law, and government.

Employers use the Watson Glaser Test to evaluate candidates' ability to analyze and interpret information, identify assumptions, evaluate arguments, and draw logical conclusions. These skills are essential for professionals who need to make informed decisions based on complex data and information.

Unraveling the Structure of the Watson Glaser Test

Knowing the structure of the test can help you prepare more effectively. The test consists of multiple-choice questions divided into five sections:

• Inference: In the inference section, you will be presented with a statement and asked to determine whether it follows logically from the information provided. This section tests your ability to draw logical conclusions based on the given information.
• Recognition of assumptions: The recognition of assumptions section assesses your ability to identify unstated assumptions in a given argument. This skill is important because assumptions often play a significant role in shaping arguments and influencing decision-making.
• Deduction: In the deduction section, you will be presented with a set of statements and asked to determine whether they logically follow from a given set of rules or conditions. This section tests your ability to apply logical reasoning to solve problems.
• Interpretation: The interpretation section requires you to analyze and evaluate a given passage or set of data. You will be asked to determine the meaning, implications, and significance of the information presented.
• Evaluation of arguments: The evaluation of arguments section assesses your ability to critically evaluate the strength and weakness of arguments. You will be presented with a statement and asked to determine whether it is a strong or weak argument based on the information provided.

Industries and Companies That Utilize the Watson Glaser Test

The Watson Glaser Test is used by a wide range of industries and companies, including:

• ‍ Consulting firms: They often use the Watson Glaser Test to assess candidates' ability to think critically and solve complex problems. These skills are essential for consultants who need to analyze data, evaluate options, and provide strategic advice to clients. ‍
• Legal industry: In the career paths for law graduates , the Watson Glaser Test is commonly used to assess candidates' ability to analyze legal arguments, identify assumptions, and draw logical conclusions. Law firms rely on critical thinking skills to provide effective legal advice and make sound judgments. ‍
• Financial institutions: These use the Watson Glaser Test to evaluate candidates' ability to analyze financial data, evaluate investment options, and make informed decisions. In the fast-paced and complex world of finance, critical thinking skills are essential for success. ‍
• Government organizations: Government organizations also utilize the Watson Glaser Test to assess candidates for positions that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills. These positions often involve career paths in public relation role by analyzing policy options, evaluating evidence, and making informed decisions that impact the public.

Overall, the Watson Glaser Test is a valuable tool for employers to assess candidates' critical thinking skills. It provides insights into an individual's ability to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make sound judgments. By understanding the purpose and structure of the test, you can better prepare yourself for success in industries and companies that utilize the Watson Glaser Test.

Acing the Watson Glaser Test: Preparation Tips and Strategies

Now that we've gained a deeper understanding of the Watson Glaser Test, let's explore some strategies to help you excel in it.

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking Skills for the Test

To perform well on the Watson Glaser Test, it's essential to enhance your critical thinking skills. Engage in activities such as reading books and articles that require critical analysis, solving puzzles and brainteasers, and participating in group discussions that encourage logical reasoning. Developing these skills will not only benefit you in the test but also in your future career.

Reading books and articles that require critical analysis can expose you to different perspectives and help you develop a more well-rounded approach to problem-solving. It will also improve your ability to analyze complex information and draw logical conclusions. Additionally, solving puzzles and brainteasers can sharpen your analytical thinking and improve your ability to think quickly and creatively.

Participating in group discussions that encourage logical reasoning can provide you with valuable insights and perspectives from others. It will also help you practice articulating your thoughts and defending your opinions, which are essential skills for the Watson Glaser Test. Engaging in these activities regularly will gradually enhance your critical thinking skills and make you more confident in your ability to tackle the test.

Familiarizing Yourself with Sample Questions and Practice Tests

Most effective ways to prepare for the Watson Glaser Test are:

• ‍ Practicing with sample questions: When practicing with sample questions, pay attention to the different types of reasoning skills that are assessed in the Watson Glaser Test. These skills include deductive reasoning, recognizing assumptions, evaluating arguments, and drawing conclusions. By familiarizing yourself with these skills and practicing them in a timed setting, you'll become more efficient and effective in answering the test questions. ‍
• Taking practice tests: Additionally, taking practice tests will help you simulate the actual test experience and identify any areas where you may need further improvement. Analyze your performance in each practice test and identify patterns or recurring mistakes. Use this information to adjust your study plan and focus on strengthening your weaker areas.

Remember, the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is just one component of the overall recruitment process. While it's important to prepare for it, don't overlook other aspects such as your CV, cover letter, and interview skills. Take a holistic approach to your career preparation and maximize your chances of success.

By mastering the Watson Glaser Test, you'll not only enhance your employability but also develop critical thinking skills that will serve you well throughout your career. So, start your preparation today and position yourself as a standout candidate in the competitive job market.

Bottom Line

Remember, the journey to acing the Watson Glaser Test is not just about the destination but also about the skills and knowledge you acquire along the way. Embrace the process of developing your critical thinking skills and enjoy the intellectual growth that comes with it. With dedication and practice, you'll be well-prepared to tackle the test and impress potential employers with your ability to think critically and analytically.

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What Is Critical Thinking?

Why is critical thinking important to potential employers, how to prepare for a watson glaser test in 2024, tips to pass the watson glaser test, frequently asked questions, watson-glaser critical thinking test (2024 guide).

Updated May 10, 2024

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The Watson Glaser critical thinking test , initially developed by Goodwin Watson and Edward Glaser and now published by Talentlens/Pearson, is designed to assess an individual’s ability to digest and understand situations and information.

It is a psychometric test often used by organisations where the ability to critically consider arguments or propositions is particularly important, such as law firms .

Most people complete the Watson Glaser test within 50 minutes (approximately 10 minutes per sub-test). Tests administrators normally allow candidates one hour to complete the test.

The Watson-Glaser test has been co-normed on a sample of over 1,500 respondents representative of graduate-level candidates. You will be judged against this respondent group when you sit the test.

You can practise realistic Watson Glaser Tests on TestHQ .

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Critical thinking is the ability to logically and rationally consider information.

Rather than accepting arguments and conclusions presented, a person with strong critical thinking will question and seek to understand the evidence provided.

They will look for logical connections between ideas , consider alternative interpretations of information and evaluate the strength of arguments presented.

Everyone inherently experiences some degree of subconscious bias in their thinking. Critical thinking skills can help an individual overcome these and separate out facts from opinions.

The Watson Glaser critical thinking appraisal is based around the RED model of critical thinking:

Recognise assumptions . This is all about comprehension. Actually understanding what is being stated and considering whether the information presented is true, and whether any evidence has been provided to back it up. Correctly identifying when assumptions have been made is an essential part of this, and being able to critically consider the validity of these assumptions – ideally from a number of different perspectives – can help identify missing information or logical inconsistencies.

Evaluate arguments . This skill is about the systematic analysis of the evidence and arguments provided. Being able to remain objective, while logically working through arguments and information. Critical evaluation of arguments requires an individual to suspend their judgement, which can be challenging when an argument has an emotional impact. It is all too easy to unconsciously seek information which confirms a preferred perspective, rather than critically analyse all of the information.

Draw conclusions . This is the ability to pull together a range of information and arrive at a logical conclusion based on the evidence. An individual with strong critical thinking skills will be able to adjust their conclusion should further evidence emerge which leads to a different conclusion.

Critical reasoning tests are a common feature of the job application process in many different industries.

Critical thinking is important to employers because individuals who engage in quality thinking make better decisions. They arrive at conclusions which are impartial, well informed and objective.

Furthermore, such people are able to make decisions with limited supervision, enabling them to independently make judgements: in a world where time can be money, waiting for someone else to validate decisions can be costly and result in missed opportunities.

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What Is Involved in the Watson Glaser Test?

The Watson Glaser test evaluates a candidate’s critical thinking ability in five separate areas:

• Recognition of Assumptions
• Interpretations
• Evaluation of arguments

Each of these skills is tested separately and there are therefore five different types of questions in the Watson Glaser test. We will explore each of these below.

1. Inferences

An inference is a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning . It enables conclusions to be drawn that are not explicitly stated.

For example, if we see someone driving a Ferrari we may conclude that they are wealthy.

However, there are a number of alternative explanations: they may have rented or borrowed the car, or they may have acquired huge debt as a result of buying the car.

The problem with inferences is that people often reach a conclusion based on insufficient data, and the conclusion may not, therefore, be correct.

An inference question typically involves a statement (which you are to assume is true) and a number of inferences based on that statement. Your job is to evaluate whether the inference is correct.

You can do this using both the information contained within the passage and information which is commonly accepted knowledge or information that practically every person has.

You will be given five potential responses and you have to select which you feel is most accurate. These options are:

• Definitely True – from the facts given there is no reasonable possibility of it being incorrect.
• Probably True – in light of the facts given, it is more likely to be true than false.
• Insufficient Data – in light of the facts given it is impossible to say whether it is true or not.
• Probably False – in lights of the facts given, it is more likely to be false than true.
• Definitely False – from the facts given, there is no reasonable possibility of it being true.

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2. Recognition of Assumptions

An assumption is something we take for granted. An example might be: “When I retire I will receive a final salary pension”. This assumes that you will get to retire, that you will be alive at retirement age, that your pension fund performs well, and that your pension arrangements will not change.

People make many assumptions which may not necessarily be correct; being able to identify these is a key aspect of critical thinking.

An assumption question typically involves a statement and a number of assumptions. Your job is to identify whether an assumption has been made or not, and you will have a choice of two answers: yes or no.

3. Deductions

A deduction is the drawing of a conclusion in a particular instance, by referring to a general law or premise. However, there may be occasions when such deduction is incorrect.

For example, in the statement: "Satsumas, oranges and clementines are all citrus fruits. They are all orange; therefore all citrus fruits are orange." Clearly this is incorrect.

The deduction section will include a statement (which you must assume is true), followed by a number of potential conclusions.

Your job is to identify whether the conclusion logically follows from the given statement and you will have two options: yes or no.

4. Interpretation

An interpretation is an evaluation of whether a conclusion can logically follow from the information or evidence provided. This requires an individual to understand the precise meaning or significance of a piece of information and applying this information appropriately.

For example, if you are told in a study that the wavelength of light visible to the human eye range from 380–750 nm, you can conclude that no humans can see light at 30 nm.

5. Evaluation of Arguments

This set of questions examines your ability to evaluate the strength of an argument.

You might be faced with strong arguments or weak arguments, and to be strong an argument must be important and directly related to the question.

In these questions, you will be presented by a statement followed by a number of arguments (which you should assume are true) and you must then decide whether each argument is strong or weak.

Take a Free Practice Watson Glaser Test If you would like to practise a simulation Watson Glaser test, please try the one below, which was created by TestHQ in association with psychometric experts, and is closely modelled on real tests.

Get Watson Glaser Practice with Free Tests from TestHQ

Step 1 . Practice Critical Thinking

Critical thinking ability can be significantly improved by practice . It is a skill that can be learned, although it does come more easily to some people than others.

Look for opportunities to think critically about information every day. Once you start practising, you’ll find useful material everywhere: blog posts, newspapers, and journal articles are great places to look.

It can be useful to organise your thinking and practice around the RED model mentioned earlier in the article:

Recognise assumptions . Practise identifying the assumption made in the material. What can be objectively proven and what is inferred? Where might there be gaps in your logic? What information is important and relevant, and what isn’t? What is missing? Is there any information that needs to be included which isn’t?

Evaluate arguments . Practice carefully analysing the arguments presented. What is your perspective on the evidence? Could someone else have a different perspective? Consider the impacts of the arguments from a range of different viewpoints (it can be useful to use a model like PESTLE – political, economic, socio-demographic, technological, legal and environmental – to organise your thoughts). How would someone argue against your position? What merits are there to their arguments?

Draw conclusions . After you have considered all of the facts, what is the best possible conclusion? Could there be any other conclusions? What new information might change your conclusion? Does this conclusion seem sensible based on your common sense and experience? What are the implications of this conclusion?

Step 2 . Develop Self-Awareness

It is also useful to develop your self-awareness. Understanding your biases and thinking patterns can help you identify where your thinking might be limited.

In most of these critical thinking questions, you will need to analyse the text given to you without including any prior knowledge you have.

Step 3 . Take Practice Tests

Finally, take some practice questions .

It can be really helpful to work through some examples with explanations as you will really start to understand how they work and how to think through the questions and arrive at the correct answer.

Here are a few tips to help you prepare for and pass the Watson Glaser test:

Familiarize Yourself with the Test: Gain an understanding of the test format, question types and time constraints. Obtain practice materials, such as sample questions or practice tests, to become familiar with the style of questions and improve your performance.

Develop Critical Thinking Skills: Enhance your critical thinking abilities by practicing logical reasoning, analyzing complex information, evaluating arguments and drawing sound conclusions. Read articles, engage in debates and solve puzzles to sharpen your critical thinking skills.

Time Management: The Watson Glaser test is typically timed, so practice working under time constraints. Learn to allocate your time efficiently across the different sections and questions.

Read Instructions Carefully: Pay close attention to the instructions provided for each question. Understand what is being asked, and ensure you are addressing the specific requirements of the question.

Practice with Realistic Scenarios: The Watson Glaser test often presents scenarios that simulate real-life situations. Practice analyzing and evaluating arguments and making informed judgments based on the information provided.

Review Logical Fallacies: Familiarize yourself with common logical fallacies, such as false assumptions, weak correlations, and flawed arguments. Being aware of these fallacies can help you identify weaknesses in the arguments presented.

Remember that preparation is key to performing well on the Watson Glaser test.

By practicing, honing your critical thinking skills, and familiarizing yourself with the test format, you can increase your chances of success.

What is a good score on the Watson Glaser test?

There is no set pass or fail mark for the Watson Glaser test.

Each employer will have a different benchmark but it is sensible to aim for a score of at least 75%. To achieve this, you will need to correctly answer at least 30 of the 40 test questions.

The recruiting organization will use Watson Glaser test results to compare candidates within the selection pool. The higher your Watson Glaser test score, the better your employment prospects.

How is Watson Glaser scored?

Watson Glaser tests comprise 40 multiple-choice questions. Many questions have just two possible answers.

A test-takers score is used to work out their relative position within a norm group. Candidates with the highest relative Watson Glaser test score will progress to the next stage of the hiring process.

Watson Glaser test results are split into a development report and a profile report. Both reports are passed directly to the recruiting organization.

• The development report highlights strengths and areas for development.
• The profile report provides a percentile score, including the raw number of correct answers.

The Watson Glaser score system accounts for the difficulty level of each question, meaning candidates can earn more points for correctly answering a difficult question. The percentile score also considers the education level, occupation and position of the candidate’s norm group.

Is the Watson Glaser test free?

Watson Glaser test candidates are not required to pay a fee to take the test. The recruiting organization will need to pay a fee to use the Watson Glaser test within the hiring process.

Which firms require the Watson Glaser test?

Watson Glaser tests are a popular recruitment tool for law firms in particular, including Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, Dentons and Linklaters.

What is a good score on the Watson Glaser Test?

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal is typically scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating a better performance.

However, what constitutes a 'good' score can vary depending on the context and the specific requirements of the employer or organization using the test.

Generally, a score above 70 is considered a strong performance, demonstrating strong critical thinking skills and the ability to analyze and evaluate complex information effectively.

What employers use the Watson Glaser?

The Watson Glaser test is widely used by employers across various industries to assess critical thinking skills and decision-making abilities of job candidates.

It is commonly utilized in the fields of law, finance, consulting, business, and other roles that require strong analytical and problem-solving capabilities.

Many law firms, financial institutions, consulting firms and large corporations incorporate the Watson Glaser test into their selection processes.

Versions and forms of the Watson Glaser Test

The Watson Glaser test has different versions and forms available, depending on the specific needs of employers.

These variations may include different question formats, content areas, or levels of difficulty. Some commonly used versions include the Watson Glaser Form A, Form B and Form S.

The different forms may contain different question types, such as arguments, deductions, interpretations and evaluations, but they generally assess similar critical thinking skills.

You might also be interested in these other Wikijob articles:

Or explore the Aptitude Tests / Test Types sections.

Watson-Glaser Test: Everything You Need to Know to Pass

Want to know how to pass a Watson-Glaser test? You’ve come to the right place. Everything you need to know is in this guide.

In this free Watson-Glaser test guide we will show you:

• 5 fast ways to improve your critical thinking
• 4 pro tips on passing the Watson-Glaser test
• 5 must-know test question sections

You can find some of the best Watson-Glaser practice tests here .

What is a Watson-Glaser test?

Thanks to Goodwin Watson and Edward Glaser, we now have what is known as the Watson-Glaser critical thinking test.

Critical thinking is all about how you interpret a particular situation. Can you recognise facts from opinions, and come to conclusions based on the evidence provided?

In essence:

The test measures your ability to process information from various sources and make logical connections between them .

Specifically, the Watson-Glaser test assesses your critical thinking skills based on the RED model .

How well can you:

• Recognise assumptions? You should be able to understand the information being presented and whether there’s evidence to support it.
• Evaluate arguments? You should be able to objectively consider the arguments and evidence provided.
• Draw conclusions? You should be able to use the information to come to a rational conclusion based on the evidence.

What to expect

Potential employers can ask you to take a Watson-Glaser test as part of their selection process. The test is usually taken online (though sometimes it may be in pencil and paper format).

You’ll be given 30 minutes to answer 40 multiple choice questions .

The questions are divided into five sections:

In these questions, you’ll be given a passage of information and a number of inferences that could be drawn based on that information.

For each inference, you need to evaluate whether it’s True , Probably True , Insufficient Data , Probably False , or False .

• Assumptions

Here you’ll be given a statement and a number of assumptions.

You need to decide whether each assumption has actually been made in the statement, by choosing between Assumption Made and Assumption Not Made .

These questions will give you a passage of information and a number of potential deductions that could be concluded from that passage.

For each deduction, your job is to decide whether the Conclusion Follows or the Conclusion Does Not Follow .

• Interpretations

This section asks you to interpret the meaning or significance of a passage of information, and decide whether a number of conclusions can logically follow.

You need to choose between Conclusion Follows and Conclusion Does Not Follow for each one.

• Evaluation of arguments

Here you’ll be asked to analyse the strength of an argument. You’ll be given a statement or question, followed by a number of arguments both for and against that statement.

Your job is to choose between Argument Strong or Argument Weak for each one.

Start practising now with our recommended Watson-Glaser practice tests!

Watson-Glaser test examples

Try your hand at some practice questions from a past Watson-Glaser test .

Statement:  

How to pass a Watson-Glaser test: 4 pro tips

#1: practice beforehand.

The questions in a critical thinking test can seem intimidating at first, but they become much less so with practice.

Get familiar with the format and time constraints by taking Watson-Glaser practice tests — the more the better! The more you practice, the more confident you’ll be, and the less intimidating the test will be.

Click here to start practising Watson-Glaser tests.

#2: Whip your critical thinking skills into shape

Critical thinking comes more naturally to some than others, but that doesn’t mean you can’t improve and develop those skills.

Yes, we all have subconscious bias. But being consciously aware of that is the first step, and from there you can learn to set it aside to think more critically.

Make a point of listening more to other people, asking questions, and analysing information carefully.

This article has more great tips for developing your critical thinking skills in everyday life.

#3: Don’t rush

The test is timed, but don’t let that worry you too much.

The time limit is actually very generous — it’s designed to give you plenty of time to answer each question. So make sure you read them carefully, and don’t skim.

This isn’t like an abstract reasoning , verbal reasoning , or numerical reasoning test where you need to move through at a fast, steady pace.

Give each question the time you need to understand it properly. Rushing through will often only lead to you missing important information.

#4: Don’t be influenced by what you already know

The Watson-Glaser test isn’t based on prior knowledge or experience.

In the context of the questions, it doesn’t matter what you know to be true in real life — sometimes the correct answer may even contradict something you already know.

So make sure you suspend your own judgements and bias, and only use the information contained in the questions to come to the answer.

Some more guides to help you succeed…

• Numerical Reasoning: Numerical Reasoning Test Guide: 5 Proven Tips to Succeed
• Verbal Reasoning: Verbal Reasoning Test: What You Need to Know to Pass
• UKCAT: UKCAT Test Guide: 4 Secrets to UKCAT Success 2020
• Logical Reasoning: Logical Reasoning Test: The Ultimate How-to-Pass Guide
• Mechanical Comprehension:  Mechanical Comprehension Test Guide 2020

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How to Pass the Watson Glaser Test

The Watson Glaser Test is a common test given to applicants when law firms try to narrow down their shortlist of candidates. If you need advice on how to pass the Watson Glaser Test, we’ve compiled some useful information to help you prepare for success. 

What Are the 5 Sections of a Watson Glaser Test?

The test is split into 5 sections designed to assess how applicants can recognise assumptions, evaluate arguments and draw conclusions from a piece of text.

The test usually takes 30-50 minutes and you are able to go back and forward between questions and sections as you please.

With the right technique and familiarity, it is often possible to complete the test in a shorter amount of time.

Arguments Section

The arguments section gives a statement, in the form of a question with an argument. You, as the applicant, must decide whether the argument is a strong or a weak one.

It is easy to misinterpret these arguments as either strong or weak, if you personally agree or disagree with them.

A strong argument will address the initial statement in some form: this shows that the argument is directly related to the statement and will be relevant.

A strong argument will also provide a clear reason for its stance, that argues the original statement (not a similar statement, as this would be weak). If the argument does not fulfil this criteria then it can be considered weak.

Common mistakes that weak arguments make are: arguing separate points not directly related to the statement; not providing an advantage/disadvantage of the statement’s proposition; not stating links between cause and effect; merely giving a fact without relating it to the statement.

Assumptions Section

The assumptions section gives another short statement and an assumption. The task is to identify whether the statement has made this assumption.

An easy way to tell whether the assumption has been made or not is to see if the contrary can be true in the statement.

For example, our statement is “melons and bananas differ in many ways. For starters, all bananas are yellow” , and our assumption is that “melons cannot be yellow” . This assumption has not been made, as only some melons being yellow is a possibility in the statement, because only some melons need not be yellow for the statement to remain true.

As well as critical thinking skills, here are 10 skills that all law students must have. Click here for more. >>

Prepare For The Watson Glaser Test

Discover the best prep tools, including free Watson Glaser Practice Tests

Deduction Section

The deduction section gives a statement and a separate conclusion; it must be decided whether the conclusion follows from the statement.

Conclusions will relate to the statement, but can have a trigger word that makes it subtly different. Words like ‘some’, or ‘all’ in either the statement or conclusion can give away the answer.

If the statement says, “some of A enjoyed B” but the conclusion is “all of A enjoy B” it is different enough to not follow, as we know that some of A did not enjoy B.

Keeping an eye out for these points makes it easier to have a more certain answer. A similar trick is to give a statistic in two different forms: 20% and 1/5. These are identical values and can be misinterpreted as two different statistics in the heat of the moment, meaning the applicant believes the conclusion does not follow when it did.

Sometimes it is also easier to eliminate nouns and treat the statement as algebra. Take these two statements:

• All the employees must have a level 2 qualification to be a trainer
• All trainers are required to pass a personality review

This becomes:

• A must have B to = C
• C must have D

If our conclusion was “all employees with a level 2 qualification can be a trainer”, simply reading the first line could cause us to miss valuable data.

Always read the full statement. The ‘wordiness’ can also make it harder to process. But in algebra, we can see that while A might have B, it also needs D to equal C, so just having B is not sufficient to be C and the conclusion doesn’t follow.

Another section, with a paragraph rather than a statement, is essentially identical to this and can be treated as the same.

Inference Section

The inference section is a more complicated true/false task. In this section, the text is longer and can be skimmed for the information we are looking for alone.

True statements must be written at some point in the text to prove they are true; avoid clicking true because you know the fact to be true yourself.

‘Probably true’ statements are those that can be inferred from the text to be true, but are not directly written in it. They are more likely to be true given what the text has said.

These statements will often not give specifics and will use words like ‘such as’ and ‘suggest’.

As a loose rule, if you can argue it to be true or false equally based on the text, then it is considered as ‘more data needed’. False and probably false are simply the opposite of true and probably true.

It is wise to save the most time for this section as skipping parts of the text can make us miss a sentence that is key, It is not uncommon for the text to have two sentences (perhaps at the start and at the end, just to be a pain) that both are needed to prove the statement as true or false.

By practising the Watson Glaser Test (for example with Job Test Prep’s practice tests ), it can be easier to pick up on common tricks that are used, as they tend to be recycled each time. Familiarity is your strongest ally when passing the test.

Interpretation Section

The interpretation section of the Watson Glaser test is often considered one of the most challenging for applicants, as it requires them to understand the text and draw logical conclusions from it.

This section of the test will often include a longer piece of text, and the questions will ask the candidate to draw an inference from the text.

To answer questions in the interpretation section, it is important to read the text carefully and take note of any key phrases. As the text can often be lengthy, it is important to skim-read it to identify any relevant information.

The test will require the applicant to identify facts and inferences from the text, and it is important to distinguish between the two. A fact is something that can be proven true from the text, whereas an inference is something that can be concluded from the text but cannot be proven to be true.

When answering questions in this section, it can be beneficial to highlight key words in the text. This can help to quickly identify any relevant information in the text when answering questions.

It is also important to consider any alternative interpretations of the text and think critically about the question.

To achieve a high score in this section, consider any alternative interpretations of the text and think critically about the question. This can help you identify any relevant information in the text and draw logical conclusions from it.

How Do You Prepare For A Watson Glaser Test?

Preparing for the Watson Glaser Test is key to achieving success. It’s important to familiarise yourself with the test format and hone your critical thinking skills. Here are some expert tips and strategies to help you prepare.

Understand the Test Format

You must understand the format of each of the 5 sections, as well as the types of questions you may encounter. Understanding the format can help you better manage your time and effectively prepare for the test.

You should also familiarise yourself with the different types of questions and answer formats. This will give you a better understanding of the test structure, the types of questions, and the best strategies for tackling each type of question.

Practice with Watson Glaser Practice Tests

Practising with Watson Glaser practice tests is one of the best ways to prepare. Practice tests are designed to emulate the structure and format of the actual test, as well as provide you with sample questions to help you familiarise yourself with the types of questions you may encounter.

You can try our free Watson Glaser practice test here, or for more practice, Job Test Prep’s Watson Glaser tests .

Distinguish Between Facts and Inferences

The Watson Glaser Test requires you to identify facts and inferences from the text. A fact is something that can be proven true from the text, whereas an inference is something that can be concluded from the text but cannot be proven to be true.

Develop Your Critical Thinking Skills

The Watson Glaser test is designed to assess your critical thinking skills, which includes evaluating sources plus inductive and deductive reasoning.

To practice evaluating sources, you can read articles or opinion pieces and try to assess the reliability of the arguments by considering the source’s credentials, the evidence they are presenting and whether the information may be biased.

Deductive reasoning involves using general principles to draw specific conclusions. Logic puzzles or riddles are a great way to practice these skills.

Inductive reasoning involves using specific observations to draw general conclusions. To practice this skill, look at data sets from articles or journals. Try to identify any patterns in the data and think about any conclusions you can draw or any predictions you could make based on these results.

Use Resources

There are many resources available to help you prepare for the Watson Glaser Test. Our detailed guide on the Watson Glaser test is a good starting point for understanding the test structure and types of questions you will get asked.

Resources such as Job Test Prep’s practice tests are designed to give you a better understanding of the test format and hone your critical thinking skills.

By following these tips and strategies, you can better prepare yourself for the Watson Glaser Test.

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Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test

Critical thinking is an integral skill for most companies so it's important to master it. It's assessed through the Watson Glaser Test - take a look at what's involved

What is the Watson Glaser Test?

The Watson Glaser test assesses a potential candidate’s critical thinking skills. Employers want to evaluate your ability to identify assumptions, dissect arguments, and draw conclusions.

What is the format of the test?

Inference - You'll need to draw conclusions based on a series of facts. You will be provided with a statement and a series of inferences based on the statement. You must evaluate whether the inferences are true, probably true, insufficient data, false, or probably false. You can make this decision based on information provided to you, or from common knowledge accepted by everyone. To get a better idea take a look at some sample questions .

Deduction - You'll be provided with facts followed by a set of conclusions. You're required to assess whether the conclusion can be logically deduced from the set of facts. You'll be provided with two choices when answering; the conclusion logically follows, or the conclusion doesn't logically follow.

Interpretation - You'll be required to read a short passage with information which is assumed to be correct. After the passage, you will be provided with an interpretation. You must decide if that interpretation logically follows without a shadow of a doubt. You will be given two choices; the conclusion follows, or the conclusion doesn’t follow.

Recognition of assumption - You'll be given a statement, and must figure out if an assumption was made within that statement. An assumption is a declaration that someone takes for granted. When answering, you will be given two different choices; an assumption was made, or an assumption was not made. This section analyses your ability to avoid making assumptions about things which aren’t necessarily true.

Evaluation of arguments - You will be provided with an argument. You will then be asked to identify whether the argument is strong or weak. An argument is strong if it's connected to the statement provided and universally considered significant.

Each section tests a different area within critical thinking and has a different question format. Every section will have between two and five answers to choose from. The test is computer-based, usually 40 questions long and needs to be completed within 30 minutes. Depending on the employer, some tests might be 80 questions long and can be completed in one hour.

Take a Watson Glaser practice test .

Which employers use the Watson Glaser test?

The Watson Glaser Test is used by many companies in the UK such as:

• Bank of England
• Burges Salmon
• Clifford Chance
• Government Legal Service
• Hill Dickinson
• Hogan Lovells
• Ince & Co
• Irwin Mitchell
• Simmons & Simmons.

How can I prepare?

The Watson Glaser critical thinking test is a challenging and unique exam. Most candidates aren't used to taking an exam which focuses on analysis and thinking skills. JobTestPrep has a great practice preparation pack, which includes:

• two instant online Watson Glaser style tests
• 290 extra Watson Glaser type questions
• normed test scores
• all-inclusive explanations and tips
• study guides
• video tutorials
• 24/7 immediate online practice.

Practising in advance is a great way to ensure that you perform to the best of your ability. In this competitive job market, you want to ensure you do everything to outperform your competition.

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• Strengths based interview
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Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Tests

Complex and challenging critical thinking tests, including the Watson-Glaser, are used mostly by law firms.

Page contents:

About critical thinking tests and how they work, free practice critical thinking tests, the watson glaser critical thinking appraisal, what is measured by a watson glaser critical thinking test, what should i know before taking a watson glaser critical thinking test, major publishers' critical thinking tests, advice for all critical thinking tests, assessmentday's practice tests can help you to prepare for a critical thinking test, one final point, other test publishers.

Updated: 08 September 2022

Critical thinking tests, or critical reasoning tests, are psychometric tests used in recruitment at all levels, graduate, professional and managerial, but predominantly in the legal sector. However, it is not uncommon to find companies in other sectors using critical thinking tests as part of their selection process. This is an intense test, focusing primarily on your analytical, or critical thinking, skills. Some tests are still conducted by paper and pen, but, just like other psychometric tests, critical thinking tests are mostly administered online at home or on a computer at a testing center.

The questions are multiple choice, and these choices and the style of questions are explained in more detail further down the page. The tests will often follow these two common timings:

• 30 questions with a 40 minute time limit
• 80 questions with a 60 minute time limit

Critical Thinking can be defined in many ways and an exact description is disputed, however, most agree on a broad definition of critical thinking, that 'critical thinking involves rational, purposeful, and goal-directed thinking...by using certain cognitive skills and strategies.' An absence or lack of critical thinking skills at times may lead us to believe things which aren't true, because we haven't sufficiently analysed and criticized the information we've received or used this to formulate and independently test our own theories, arguments and ideas. These are all examples of critical thinking skills put into practice. Glaser (An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking, 1941) stated that to think critically involved three key parts:

• An attitude of being disposed to consider in a thoughtful way the problems and subjects that come within the range of one's experiences
• Knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning
• Some skill in applying those methods

Note: AssessmentDay and its products are not affiliated with Pearson or TalentLens. Our practice tests are for candidates to prepare for the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal; we do not sell tests for employers to select candidates.

Free Critical Thinking Test

Here, we have a full critical thinking test for you to practice for free. You can dive straight in and practice the full test (in blue at the bottom), or tackle each individual section one at a time.

All answers and explanations are included at the end of the test, or alternatively you can download the Solutions PDF. Each test has been given a generous time limit.

Critical Thinking Test 1

• 40 questions

Critical Thinking Test 2

Critical thinking test 3, critical thinking test 4.

TalentLens' Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) is the most common critical thinking test. You can visit their official site here: Watson Glaser . Most other critical thinking tests are based on the Watson Glaser format. More than 90 years' of experience have led to many modifications and improvements in the test.

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal is widely regarded as a good predictor of work productivity and at identifying candidates with a good potential to become managers and occupy other positions as a senior member of staff. The latest edition of the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test has improved its validity, appealed more to businesses by focusing on business-relevant topics, switched to the Item Response Theory (IRT) for its scoring, updated norm groups, and integrated anti-cheat measures by having an online retest, which can be used to validate results.

Developed by Goodwin Watson and Edward Glaser, the Watson Glaser test is favored by law firms , keen to measure people's abilities to reason, reach conclusions and know when leaps in logic have been made. Skills which are required in the legal sector. The questions in each of the 5 sections aims to evaluate the candidate's ability to:

• 1. Arrive at correct inferences
• 2. Identify when an assumption has been made
• 3. Use deductive reasoning
• 4. Reach logical conclusions
• 5. Evaluate the effectiveness of arguments

Did You Know

The most recent revision of the W-GCTA was published in 2011 with notable improvements being better face validity and business-relevant items, scoring based on Item Response Theory (IRT), updated norm groups, and an online retest which can be used to validate a paper and pencil test result.

A Critical thinking tests assesses your ability in 5 key areas mentioned above; assumptions, arguments, deductions, inferences and interpreting information. Often in this order. A short paragraph of text a few sentences long or a single sentence is used as a starting point. This passage will contain information which you will base your answer to the question on. Another sentence is then presented to you and you will be asked to judge something about this sentence based on the information in the short paragraph. The five sections are explained in more detail here:

• Assumptions - You are being asked to state whether the information in the second set of text you are presented is an assumption made in the first paragraph. Quite a tricky concept to get your head around at first. In a nutshell, when people speak or make arguments, there are underlying assumptions in those arguments. Here you are presented with some assumptions and are asked to judge if that is being made in the original statement. For example in the statement "only people earning a high salary can afford a fast car," what's being assumed is that fast cars are expensive because only people who are earning a lot of money can buy one, however, what's not being assumed is that people without high salaries aren't legally allowed to buy a fast car. You are asked to choose whether an assumption has been made or has not been made.
• Arguments - You are presented with an argument, such as "Should college fees be abolished?" Regardless of your own opinions and thoughts on the argument, you are then presented with statements related to this original argument. You are asked to say whether the responses to the original argument of "Should college fees be abolished?" make for strong or weak arguments. Arguments are considered strong if they are related to the topic such as, "Yes, many people who would benefit from a college education do not because they cannot afford it. This hurts the country's economic growth." The argument presented is sound, related to the original question. Compare this with a weak argument, "No, I do not trust people who read a lot of books." It is clear that the second argument bears very little relation to the subject of the abolition of college tuition fees. This is not to say that an argument against the original argument will always be a weak one, or that an argument in favor will always be a strong one. For example, "Yes, I like people that read books," is in favor of the abolition as indicated by "yes," but that person's like or dislike of others that read books isn't related, or hasn't been explained how it's related to removing the fees. Carefully considering what is being said, remove it from your own personal opinions and political views to objectively analyse what someone else has put forward.
• Deductions - A few sentences of information are presented to you. Another separate short statement will also be shown to you, which is supposed to represent a conclusion that someone has reached. You will have to determine whether this conclusion logically follows from the information given to you. Can the statement be deduced from the information available>? If so, and without a doubt, then the conclusion follows, if not, then the conclusion does not follow. Your decision must be based on the information given and not from your own knowledge.
• Inferences - A short scenario is described to you, followed by possible inferences. The inferences are short statements. Imagine that these are what people have said is inferred from the scenario. Use your judgement and the short scenario to assess whether what's being said has actually been inferred from the passage and the likelihood of this inference. You are asked to rank each inference as either 'true,' 'false,' 'possibly true,' 'possibly false.' For some proposed inferences there isn't enough information to say either 'true' or 'false' so a fifth option is included; 'more information required.' You can only select one option from the five.
• Interpreting Information - Following a similar format to the previous four sections, a short passage of information and then a series of statements are shown to you. You are asked to judge whether the information in the passage can be interpreted as the statements suggest. The answer options are straightforward here; you either select 'conclusion follows,' or 'conclusion does not follow,' depending on whether or not you believe that the statement can be logically reached from the information given. Again, for this section and all others, you are to base your choice of answer on what you're given, not on any specialized knowledge you might have.

If a watson glaser critical thinking test is used in the early stages of the application process it's likely to be used as a screening tool. This puts some pressure on candidates to meet a minimum pass mark, which will allow them to be selected to go on to the next stage of the selection process. If it's used at a later stage in the process, the results from this will be combined with performance in other assessments, tests, exercises and interviews. All the information you need to answer the questions will be in the test. Below the details of a few companies' critical thinking tests are pointed out.

Here is a list of critical reasoning tests on the market at present, which candidates may be likely to encounter for recruitment, selection or development.

• W-GCTA - The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal as it is formally called is the most ubiquitous critical thinking test out there. This is the one that you are most likely to encounter.
• GMAT - The general management aptitude test, used by business schools and colleges test students' critical thinking ability. The critical thinking questions are written in a business or finance context.
• SHL - SHL have produced the Critical Reasoning Test Battery composed of 60 critical reasoning questions with a strict time limit of 30 minutes.
• Cornell - Cornell have developed a critical thinking test to be used in educational environments. The two levels, X and Z, are aimed at children and adults, respectively.
• Area-specific - There are tests which focus on either numerical critical reasoning skills and verbal critical reasoning skills. These tests will ask only numerical or only verbal questions to assess your skills in a specific area.

Here is some general advice to help you perform to the best of your ability for your critical reasoning test.

• No prior knowledge - The key point here is that critical reasoning tests are measuring your ability to think, or the method that you use to reach a conclusion. You should therefore not rely on prior knowledge to answer the question. Questions will be written so that you do not need to know any specialist knowledge to answer the question. For example, you will not be expected to know mathematical formulas or laws of nature and to answer questions with that information. If you are given the formula and its description in the questions, you are expected to use that information to reach the answer.
• Carefully read the instructions - There are 5 sections to most critical thinking tests and each will assess a slightly different skill. Make sure you have read the instructions and understand what it is you are expected to do to answer the questions for this section. There is quite a difference between the Assumptions section and the Deductions section for example. Applying the rules of one to the other would lead to just guessing the answers and making many mistakes.
• Keep your eye on the timer - These tests are complex. You might find yourself fixated on answering one question and taking up a lot of the time you are allowed. Checking how much time you have every so often can help you to more evenly distribute your time between the questions. This is done to avoid spending too much time on one question when that time would be better spent answering more or checking your answers. This time management applies to all tests, but is particularly important with Critical Thinking tests, as many people believe they have such a large amount of time, but underestimate the number of questions they have to answer.
• Logical fallacies - Identifying logical fallacies is key to many parts of this test, and researching the difference between sound and fallacious logic will prove helpful in a critical reasoning test. A fallacy is an error in reasoning due to a misconception or a presumption, and an argument which employs a formal fallacy, logical fallacy or a deductive fallacy in its reasoning becomes an invalid argument. Researching the different types of fallacy (i.e. red herring argument, straw man argument, confusing correlation and causation etc.) can help you spot these in the test and correctly answer the question.

The practice tests that we have cover all of the sections of the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking test and these overlap with many of the variations in Critical Thinking tests produced by major publishers. practice helps to increase your confidence, gives you a chance to learn from your mistakes in a risk-free environment, and can reduce stress before an exam.

The best place to get advice on taking a critical thinking tests is the test publisher's website, for example this one for the Watson Glaser .

If you have already successfully passed a few initial stages of the application process, it's unlikely that companies will focus solely on your results in the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking test when deciding whether or not to hire you. This type of selection by results on one test is more likely if it is part of the early stages of the process. However, towards the later stages the company will look at your results across interviews, group exercises, other aptitude tests and your résumé and will collate all of this information before reaching a decision. If you have been invited to undertake a critical reasoning test then the organisation clearly has an interest in hiring you, let that fact inspire confidence and perform to the best of your ability on your test, good luck!

You may also be interested in these popular tests sections.

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What is the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test? An Overview

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is a popular assessment tool used by employers to evaluate the critical thinking skills of job candidates. The test is designed to measure a candidate’s ability to analyze written information, interpret it, and draw logical conclusions from it. The test is widely used in various industries, including law, finance, and consulting.

The Watson Glaser Test is divided into five sections, each of which assesses a different aspect of critical thinking . These sections include Inference, Assumptions, Deduction, Interpretation, and Evaluation. The test is timed and typically takes 30 minutes to complete. The test is multiple choice and consists of 40 questions in total, with eight questions for each section.

Key Takeaways

• The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is a widely used assessment tool that evaluates an individual’s critical thinking skills.
• The test consists of five sections that assess different aspects of critical thinking, including Inference, Assumptions, Deduction, Interpretation, and Evaluation.
• The test is timed and consists of 40 multiple-choice questions, with eight questions for each section.

Understanding the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is a unique assessment designed to analyze an individual’s ability to think critically. The test has five scales, which are the elementary units of critical thinking and reasoning. These five units serve as parameters to measure all areas of critical thinking ability. The test is administered to appraising adults, usually those who are 16 years and above, with questions of varying difficulty and format.

Originally created by Goodwin Watson and Edward Glaser, the Watson Glaser Test measures the skills required to present a certain point of view in a clear, well-structured, well-reasoned, and persuasive way to convince others of your argument. The test is designed to assess a person’s critical thinking abilities among other things.

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is a timed test that typically lasts 30 minutes. Applicants can expect to be tested on around 40 questions in five distinct areas: Inference, Assumptions, Deduction, Interpretation, and Evaluation. The test is widely used in the legal industry, but it can also be used in other fields where critical thinking skills are essential.

The Watson Glaser Test format comprises multiple-choice questions, and the test is scored on a scale of 0 to 40, with a score of 40 being the highest possible score. The test is challenging, and applicants are advised to practice beforehand. They can get familiar with the format and time constraints by taking Watson-Glaser practice tests, which are readily available online.

In conclusion, the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is a unique assessment that provides a detailed analysis of an individual’s ability to think critically. The test is widely used in the legal industry, but it can also be used in other fields where critical thinking skills are essential. The test lasts 30 minutes and comprises multiple-choice questions in five distinct areas. Applicants are advised to practice beforehand to get familiar with the format and time constraints.

The Importance of the Test

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is an important tool for measuring a person’s critical thinking skills . Critical thinking is an essential skill for success in many fields, including business, law, and education. The test assesses a person’s ability to think critically, analyze information, and draw logical conclusions.

Employers use the Watson Glaser Test to assess job candidates’ critical thinking ability. The test is particularly useful for jobs that require analytical skills, such as management, finance, and consulting. Employers want to hire people who can think critically, solve problems, and make sound decisions. The Watson Glaser Test helps employers determine which candidates have these skills.

The Watson Glaser Test is also useful for educational institutions. Schools and universities can use the test to assess students’ critical thinking ability and identify areas where they need improvement. By measuring critical thinking ability, educators can better prepare students for success in their chosen fields.

In addition, the Watson Glaser Test is an important tool for individuals who want to improve their critical thinking skills. By taking the test, individuals can identify their strengths and weaknesses and work on improving their analytical and reasoning skills. The test provides a benchmark for measuring progress and can help individuals achieve their personal and professional goals.

In summary, the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is an important tool for measuring critical thinking ability. Employers use the test to assess job candidates, educational institutions use it to assess students, and individuals use it to improve their critical thinking skills. The test is an essential component of success in many fields and can help individuals achieve their goals.

Test Format and Structure

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is a timed, multiple-choice test that is used to assess a candidate’s ability to think critically. The test is typically administered by employers in the law industry, such as Linklaters, Clifford Chance, Hogan Lovells, and the Government Legal Service, as well as other industries that require critical thinking skills.

The test consists of 40 questions, which are divided into five sections, each with its own unique focus. The entire test lasts for 30 minutes, and each section is timed separately. This means that candidates have an average of 7.5 minutes to complete each section.

The five sections of the Watson Glaser test are Inference, Assumptions, Deduction, Interpretation, and Evaluation. In the Inference section, candidates are asked to draw conclusions based on a series of facts. In the Assumptions section, candidates are asked to identify assumptions that are made in a given argument. In the Deduction section, candidates are asked to draw logical conclusions based on a set of premises. In the Interpretation section, candidates are asked to analyze and interpret information presented in a given passage. Finally, in the Evaluation section, candidates are asked to evaluate the strength of an argument.

The Watson Glaser test is a timed test, which means that candidates must work quickly and efficiently in order to complete all 40 questions within the allotted time. The test is typically administered online, although it can also be administered in person. Candidates are given a score based on their performance on the test, with a maximum score of 80.

Overall, the Watson Glaser test is a challenging assessment that requires candidates to think critically and quickly. By understanding the test format and structure, candidates can better prepare themselves for the test and increase their chances of success.

Key Concepts Assessed

The Watson Glaser critical thinking test is designed to evaluate an individual’s ability to think critically and draw logical conclusions from written information. The test consists of five scales, each measuring a different aspect of critical thinking and reasoning. These scales are the elementary units of critical thinking and reasoning.

Recognition of Assumptions

One of the key concepts assessed in the Watson Glaser test is the recognition of assumptions. This involves identifying the underlying assumptions that are being made in a given argument or piece of information. The test taker must be able to distinguish between assumptions that are explicitly stated and those that are implicit.

Evaluation of Arguments

Another important concept assessed in the Watson Glaser test is the ability to evaluate arguments. This involves analyzing the strength and weaknesses of a given argument and assessing its validity and soundness. The test taker must be able to identify both strong and weak arguments and determine whether or not they support the conclusion being presented.

Deduction is another key concept assessed in the Watson Glaser test. This involves drawing logical conclusions from a set of given premises. The test taker must be able to use deductive reasoning to determine whether or not a conclusion logically follows from the premises presented.

Interpretation

Interpretation is also assessed in the Watson Glaser test. This involves understanding the meaning of a given piece of information and being able to explain it in one’s own words. The test taker must be able to interpret information accurately and objectively.

Finally, the Watson Glaser test assesses the ability to make inferences. This involves using the information presented to draw logical conclusions that are not explicitly stated. The test taker must be able to use their critical thinking skills to make educated guesses based on the information provided.

Overall, the Watson Glaser test is an effective way to measure an individual’s critical thinking and reasoning skills. By assessing key concepts such as recognition of assumptions, evaluation of arguments, deduction, interpretation, and inference, the test provides a comprehensive evaluation of an individual’s ability to analyze and interpret written information.

Preparing for the Test

Preparing for the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is essential to achieve a good score. The following tips can help candidates to prepare for the test:

Practice with Sample Questions

One of the best ways to prepare for the Watson Glaser Test is to practice with sample questions. Candidates can find sample questions and practice tests online. These resources can help candidates to get familiar with the test format and types of questions that will be asked.

Use Preparation Packs

Preparation packs are also available online and can provide more comprehensive practice. These packs often include multiple practice tests, detailed explanations of the answers, and tips for improving critical thinking skills.

Analyze Test Sections

It is important to analyze the different sections of the Watson Glaser Test to understand what is being assessed. The test consists of five sections: Inference, Recognition of Assumptions, Deduction, Interpretation, and Evaluation. Candidates should review each section to understand the types of questions that may be asked and the skills that are being assessed.

Time Management

Time management is crucial during the test. Candidates should practice answering questions quickly and accurately to ensure that they can complete the test within the allotted time.

Focus on Critical Thinking Skills

The Watson Glaser Test is designed to assess critical thinking skills, so candidates should focus on developing these skills. Critical thinking involves analyzing information, evaluating arguments, and making logical conclusions. Candidates can improve their critical thinking skills by practicing with sample questions and by reviewing the explanations for the correct answers.

By following these tips, candidates can improve their chances of achieving a good score on the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test.

How Employers Use the Test

Employers use the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test as a pre-employment test during the recruitment process to assess the candidate’s critical thinking and decision-making skills. The test is commonly used in the professional services industry, including law firms, consulting firms, and financial institutions, where critical thinking and analytical skills are essential.

The test is an aptitude test that measures a candidate’s ability to recognize assumptions, evaluate arguments, and draw conclusions. Employers use the test to identify candidates who possess the necessary skills to succeed in the job role. The test results provide employers with valuable insights into a candidate’s thought process and problem-solving abilities.

The Watson Glaser test is an essential tool for employers in the recruitment process. It helps them to identify the right candidates for the job role and reduce the risk of hiring the wrong candidate. By using the test, employers can ensure that they are selecting the most qualified candidates with the necessary skills and abilities.

In conclusion, the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is a valuable tool for employers in the recruitment process. It helps them to identify the right candidates for the job role and reduce the risk of hiring the wrong candidate. Employers who use the test can be confident that they are selecting the most qualified candidates with the necessary skills and abilities.

Understanding Test Results

After taking the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test, candidates receive a report that includes their percentile score and a pass or fail mark. The percentile score indicates how well the candidate performed compared to a norm group, which is a group of people who have taken the same test before. The score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better performance.

The pass mark varies depending on the employer or organization using the test. Some employers may set a high pass mark to ensure that only the top performers are selected, while others may set a lower pass mark to cast a wider net. Candidates who do not meet the pass mark will typically not move forward in the selection process.

It is important to note that the Watson Glaser test is a valid and reliable measure of critical thinking ability. The test has been rigorously developed and tested to ensure that it measures what it is intended to measure. The parameters of the test, such as the number of questions and the time limit, are carefully calibrated to ensure that the test is fair and unbiased.

The norm group used to calculate percentile scores is also carefully selected to ensure that it is representative of the population being tested. For example, if the test is being used to select candidates for a specific job role, the norm group may consist of people who are currently working in that role.

Overall, candidates can feel confident that their Watson Glaser test results are a fair and accurate reflection of their critical thinking ability. Employers can use these results to make informed decisions about which candidates to select for further interviews or job offers.

The Watson Glaser Test in Different Countries

The Watson Glaser Test is widely used across the globe for various purposes, including recruitment in the legal sector and higher education. While the test is most commonly used in the UK and the US, it is also used in other countries worldwide.

In the UK, the Watson Glaser Test is a popular tool used by law firms during the recruitment process. The test is designed to assess a candidate’s critical thinking abilities and is used to measure their ability to analyze and interpret information, draw conclusions, and evaluate arguments. The test is used as a screening tool to identify candidates who possess the necessary skills to succeed in the legal profession.

The Watson Glaser Test is also used in other countries worldwide, including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In Canada, the test is used by law firms and other organizations to assess critical thinking skills. In Australia, the test is used by universities to assess students’ critical thinking abilities. In New Zealand, the test is used by law firms and other organizations to assess job applicants’ critical thinking abilities.

The Watson Glaser Test is a valuable tool for assessing critical thinking skills in a variety of settings. While it is most commonly used in the legal sector, it is also used in other industries and in higher education. The test is designed to assess a candidate’s ability to analyze and interpret information, draw conclusions, and evaluate arguments, making it a valuable tool for identifying candidates who possess the necessary skills to succeed in a variety of professions.

The History of the Watson Glaser Test

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test was developed by two psychologists, Goodwin Watson and Edward Glaser, in the early 1920s. The test was designed to measure an individual’s ability to think critically, which was becoming an increasingly important skill in the workplace.

Originally known as the Watson Glaser Tests of Critical Thinking, the test has undergone several revisions over the years. The most recent version, the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal III (WG-III), was released in 2020 by TalentLens.

The Watson Glaser Test has been widely used in various industries, including law, finance, and healthcare. In the legal field, the test is commonly used as part of the recruitment process to assess a candidate’s ability to analyze complex information and make sound judgments.

Over the years, the Watson Glaser Test has gained a reputation as a reliable and valid measure of critical thinking ability. It has been translated into several languages and used in many countries around the world.

Despite its widespread use, the Watson Glaser Test has not been without controversy. Some have criticized the test for its cultural bias and lack of relevance to certain professions. However, proponents of the test argue that it remains a valuable tool for assessing critical thinking ability in a wide range of contexts.

Overall, the Watson Glaser Test has a long and storied history, and it continues to be an important tool for assessing critical thinking ability in the workplace.

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Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Practice Tests and Advice

Critical thinking tests are high-level aptitude tests, with the Watson-Glaser being the most common.

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Page contents:

What is a critical thinking test, critical thinking test format.

• Watson Glaser critical thinking explained

Critical thinking arguments tutorial

Free watson glaser practice tests, critical thinking assumptions tutorial.

• What does a critical test measure?

Critical thinking deductions tutorial

• Most popular critical thinking tests

Critical thinking inferences tutorial

• How to pass Watson Glaser test

Watson Glaser FAQs

Updated: 24 August 2023

A critical thinking test is used to assess your ability to logically analyse assumptions, arguments, deductions, inferences and interpreting information. Critical thinking can be defined as ‘the ability to consider a range of information derived from many different sources, to process this information in a creative and logical manner, challenging it, analysing it and arriving at considered conclusions which can be defended and justified’ (Moon, 2008).

Critical reasoning tests, also known as critical thinking tests, are psychometric tests commonly used in graduate, professional and managerial recruitment. These high-level analytical test are most commonly encountered in the legal sector, but other organisations such as the Bank of England also use them as part of their selection process.

If we lack critical thinking skills, it is possible to be misguided into believing that an argument is strong, when in actual fact there is little evidence to support it. Critical thinking skills therefore include the ability to structure a sound, solid argument, to analyse and synthesise available information, and to make assumptions and inferences. Critical thinking skills are also about being able to evaluate the information and draw conclusions that can be supported.

Your critical thinking test may be pencil and paper or, more likely, it may be administered online. Which one you take will often depend on the format and the structure of the recruitment process. The questions will be multiple choice format and will usually be administered under time constraints.

Common test formats are as follows:

• 40 questions - 30 minutes
• 80 question - 60 minutes

Once you understand the format of your test, you are much more likely to perform better. Practice is the best way to maximise your chances of test success.

Watson Glaser critical thinking appraisal explained

By far the most common type of critical thinking test is the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (W-GCTA) which is published by TalentLens. You can visit their official site here: Watson Glaser . With over 85 years' worth of development, the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal is the most popular measure of critical thinking ability. The test is most commonly used by law firms, which is understandable as the abilities measured by the W-GCTA are good predictors of future success in roles which require clarity of understanding from multiple perspectives and the ability to reason with fact versus assumption.

The Watson-Glaser Thinking Appraisal (W-GCTA) is one of the main evaluating tools for cognitive abilities in professionals, since it measures critical thinking. It is seen as a successful tool to predict job success, as well as being used to select good managers and finding possible future leaders. It is also used in order to select the right person for a specific job role, especially for careers in the law.

Did You Know

The most recent revision of the W-GCTA was published in 2011 with notable improvements being better face validity and business-relevant items, scoring based on Item Response Theory (IRT), updated norm groups, and an online retest which can be used to validate a paper and pencil test result.

The W-GCTA was originally developed by Goodwin Watson and Edward Glaser. The W-GCTA measures the critical skills that are necessary for presenting in a clear, structured, well-reasoned way, a certain point of view and convincing others of your argument. The test questions are looking at the individual’s ability to:

• Make correct inferences
• To recognise assumptions
• To make deductions
• To come to conclusions
• To interpret and evaluate arguments

The following video features Ben explain how to answer an arguments-style question from a critical thinking test:

Free Critical Thinking Test

We have broken down a critical thinking test into the different sections. You can try each section or take the full test (86 questions, 60 minutes).

Critical Thinking Test 1

• 40 questions

Critical Thinking Test 2

Critical thinking test 3, critical thinking test 4.

The following video features Ben explain how to answer an assumptions-style question from a critical thinking test:

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What does a critical thinking test measure?

Critical thinking tests assess your ability to logically analyse assumptions, arguments, deductions, inferences and interpreting information. You will be given a passage of information which may contain a mixture of verbal and numerical data, and will be provided with a statement which requires the candidate’s critical assessment of how true that statement is based on the above passage.

The Watson and Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal contains five sections which are specially designed in order to find out how good an individual is at reasoning analytically and logically. There are five sections:

• Assumptions: In these questions a statement will be presented and the candidate will have to decide if an assumption has been made in making the statement. For example in the statement “only people earning a high salary can afford a fast car” it is assumed that fast cars cost more than not fast cars (this is just one of many assumptions implicit in the statement). An assumption is something someone effectively takes for granted. Statements are given for the individual to read and they are then followed by several proposed assumptions. The candidate has to select whether an assumption has or has not been made.
• Analysing arguments: Candidates will be provided with a given scenario i.e. “Should the government pay student’s tuition fees?” They are subsequently provided with a list of arguments for or against the scenario presented. The candidate will need to assess if each argument is strong or weak, based on how relevant it is and how well it addresses the question. The argument is considered to be strong if it directly relates to the question or statement, and weak if it is not directly related to the question or statement.
• Deductions: Candidates will be provided with a passage of information and candidates will need to evaluate a list of deductions made based on that passage. If one cannot deduce a particular statement from the passage, then that deduction does not follow, and the candidate must select which deductions follow and which do not follow. The answer must be entirely based on the statements made and not on conclusions made from one’s own knowledge.
• Inferences: In this section candidates will be provided with a passage of information on a scenario. A subsequent list of possible inferences will follow, and candidates will be asked to rate if they are true, false, possibly true, possibly false or whether it is not possible to say based on the information in the passage.
• Interpreting Information: A paragraph of information will be provided to the candidate, with a list of possible conclusions. Candidates will need to interpret the information in the paragraph and decide if each conclusion follows based on the presented information. Once again the decisions must solely be based on the information given.

With so many sections, each having their own instructions and guidelines, it can be tough to become confident on all areas.

Survey results

We asked critical thinking test takers what they found was the most difficult section of a critical thinking test. 35% of them believed 'assumptions' to be the most difficult. You can see the full results below:

The following video features Ben explain how to answer a deductions-style question from a critical thinking test:

Most popular critical thinking test publishers

There may be variations in your test depending on the test publisher you have for your critical thinking test.

Throughout 2020, we analysed a sample of critical thinking tests to discover the most popular test publishers. It was found that 77% of critical thinking tests were published by Watson Glaser.

Here is a list of critical reasoning tests on the market at present, which candidates may be likely to encounter for recruitment, selection or development:

• Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal: The W-GCTA is the most widely-used critical reasoning test on the market, and the one candidates are most likely to encounter.
• SHL Critical Reasoning Test Battery: The SHL Critical Reasoning Test Battery is a collection of 60 critical reasoning questions with varying difficulty depending of the level of candidate. This test has a time limit of 30 minutes.
• Cornell Critical Thinking Assessment: The Cornell Critical Thinking Assessment is a test primarily used in educational settings. There are two versions of this test, one for children and one for adults. This test may be used for entry onto particular degree courses or for recruitment/development purposes.
• Cappfinity Critical Reasoning Test: This assesses your problem solving and decision making skills. Its topics have similarities with the Watson Glaser.
• Test Partnership Concepts Critical Thinking Test: This also shares some similarities with the Watson Glaser. Test Partnership assesses the classic aspects of critical thinking with a modern candidate experience.

The following video features Ben explain how to answer an inference-style question from a critical thinking test:

How to pass Watson Glaser test - critical thinking tips

Here is some general advice to help you learn how to improve your Watson Glaser score:

• Only use the information contained in the test: When reading the passages of information within the test, your first instinct may be to use general knowledge or your own personal experience. Critical reasoning tests are not tests of what you think; they are tests of how you think. You will not be required to utilise any prior knowledge when answering a question, and at times the correct answer will completely contradict what you know to be true based on your own knowledge, but is true in the context of the passage.
• Read the instructions thoroughly: Critical reasoning tests will require numerous separate types of logical reasoning, and reading the instructions will inform you of how to answer questions correctly. For example if a question requires you to evaluate the strength of an argument, the instruction page will inform you what constitutes a strong or weak argument. Take ample time to ensure you know how to answer questions regardless of any time limits.
• Pay attention to time limits: Due to the complex nature of critical reasoning tests, there will often be no time limits or there will be generous time limits. Candidates are advised to use this to their advantage and take plenty of time when reading, evaluating and answering. An easy mistake to make is treating this type of test like a verbal or numerical reasoning test and answering questions as quickly as possible. Rushing through a critical thinking test may lead to candidates missing key points, and answering incorrectly as a result.
• Understand logical fallacies: Understanding logical fallacies is an important part of the test, and researching the difference between sound and fallacious logic can help maximise performance on a critical reasoning test. A fallacy is an error in reasoning due to a misconception or a presumption, and an argument which employs a formal fallacy, logical fallacy or a deductive fallacy in its reasoning becomes an invalid argument. Researching the different types of fallacy (i.e. red herring argument, straw man argument, confusing correlation and causation etc.) can help you identify them in the test and therefore answer the question correctly.

You will not be hired solely on your Watson Glaser score, but a score of 75% is a good score that will give you a good chance of progressing through selection rounds. When taking practice Watson Glaser tests try to achieve +75% in your raw score, this should be enough.

The Watson Glaser test has a time limit of 30 minutes. There is a total of 40 questions to complete within this time limit.

Yes, the Watson Glaser test is multiple-choice format and is split into the five section: assumptions, analysing arguments, deductions, inferences, interpreting information.

Most law firms will use a Watson Glaser test to assess the candidate's critical thinking ability. Some well known law firms include: Hogan Lovells, Clifford Chance, DLA Piper, Linklaters, Freshfields BD and others.

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Jun 11, 2023

Written By Zara Arif

The Watson Glaser Test: How to Succeed on the Critical Thinking Assessment

So, you have chosen the firms you would like to apply to and carried out all the research you need to put in the best possible written application. Now, only four words stand between you and advancing to the next stage of the process: the Watson Glaser test. Many people view this critical thinking assessment with fear and dread, but once you understand what the tests require and get some practice under your belt, it will become a lot easier.

What is the Watson Glaser Test?

The Watson Glaser Test is a critical thinking assessment that is used by many law firms as part of their screening process, often before inviting successful applicants to interview. It allows graduate recruitment to see if you have the necessary fundamental skills required to be a successful lawyer, such as absorbing and analysing unfamiliar information.

The test is split into five distinct sections. These are: Inferences, Deductions, Assumptions, Arguments and Interpretations. Each section assesses a different skill and requires a different technique and approach.

Depending on the firm, the test can be timed or untimed. This information will be communicated to you by the firm when you are sent an invitation to take the test or after you submit your written application. In general, you will have 30 minutes to complete around 40 questions.

Which firms require you to take the Watson Glaser test?

The Watson Glaser test is not used by all firms. Some use other types of tests such as situational judgement or verbal reasoning . You can find out what type of test a firm uses by looking at the careers page on their website or getting in touch with the graduate recruitment team.

Some firms which use the Watson Glaser test include: Clifford Chance, Freshfields, CMS, and DLA Piper.

How do you practise for the Watson Glaser test?

It can be quite difficult to know how to revise for the Watson Glaser Test as there is not really any content to revise. It is more about mastering a technique and approach and being able to apply this to each section.

In the Inferences section you are given a small paragraph of information to read over followed by a statement and the following options: True, Probably True, Insufficient Data, Probably False and False. You then have to use the statement and commonly shared knowledge to ascertain which option to choose.

True means that the statement is true beyond reasonable doubt, whereas insufficient data means that there is absolutely no way to tell according to what is in the text. False means that there is no basis for the statement according to the text, or that it misinterprets or misquotes something that is in the text.

In the Assumptions section you will again be given some text and a statement. You have to ask yourself if the statement that is being made on the basis of the text has assumed any information or made an unreasonable jump in knowledge of any kind. You will be given the options of either Assumption Made or Assumption Not Made in order to reach your answer.

In the Deductions section you have to draw a conclusion from a premise. You have to consider whether the conclusion that has been drawn is necessarily true. The premises that are given are often wordy and have multiple parts to them. So, it can help to draw out diagrams or use symbols to represent the different elements in order to get a clearer idea in your head.

In the Interpretations section, you have to assess whether a conclusion can follow from the information beyond reasonable doubt, focussing on the data in the passage alone.

Finally, in the Arguments section you must evaluate if an argument is Strong or Weak. For the purposes of the test, a Strong argument is one which is important and related to the question. For this section, the most important thing to remember is to not let your personal opinions or own knowledge affect your judgement.

There are lots of resources available online to help you prepare for the Watson Glaser test.

A good place to start might be the website of the firm you are applying for as they often provide a free practice test with an answer key and feedback. If they don’t, many websites provide practice tests for free or for a small fee. AllAboutLaw have our own free Watson Glaser practice test; it can be found here .

How much time do you need to practise for the Watson Glaser test?

The time necessary may differ for everyone, but the Watson Glaser is definitely something that requires long term practice rather than last minute cramming.

Although there is no set time frame, it is a good idea to develop the skills needed to succeed and an understanding of the differences between each section in advance of the date you are expected to submit your test. If you can take at least two practice tests beforehand, this will help you get familiar with the time constraints and understand your strengths and weaknesses.

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What is a good score on the Watson Glaser test?

Each firm will have a different benchmark. Some may look for a raw mark whilst others might grade the test on a curve, taking into account the difficulty of the questions and the scores of the other candidates.

You may be able to find different figures for what constitutes a good score online, but you should aim to sit comfortably around 75% in practice tests in order to give yourself the best chance at succeeding.

What to do on the day of the test to ensure success?

Beforehand, get a good night’s rest and have a good breakfast. Make sure that you take the test in a quiet and calm environment where you can think clearly and focus. It might also be helpful to have a pen and paper on hand to be able to draw or jot anything down.

The most important thing to remember is to stay calm and relax your nerves so you can give the test your best shot. Even if you don’t think you did well on the test, the test may be curved, and you can learn from your mistakes for next time.

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