current essay topics in pakistan 2022

Pakistan: Five major issues to watch in 2023

Subscribe to the center for middle east policy newsletter, madiha afzal madiha afzal fellow - foreign policy , center for middle east policy , strobe talbott center for security, strategy, and technology @madihaafzal.

January 13, 2023

1. Political instability, polarization, and an election year

Politics will likely consume much of Pakistan’s time and attention in 2023, as it did in 2022. The country’s turn to political instability last spring did not end with a dramatic no-confidence vote in parliament last April that ousted then Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan from office. Instability and polarization have only heightened since then: Khan has led a popular opposition movement against the incumbent coalition government and the military, staging a series of large rallies across the country through the year.

The struggle for power in Pakistan continues into 2023. While the incumbent government has not ceded to Khan’s demand for early elections, country-wide elections are constitutionally mandated to be held by October this year. It benefits the government politically to hold them off as long as it possibly can as it tries to dig itself out of Pakistan’s urgent economic crisis and its lackluster domestic performance (its diplomatic foreign policy approach has fared better, but that may not matter for elections). The last year has cost it precious political capital, and Khan’s party did very well in a set of by-elections held in July and October. The state has tried to mire Khan and his party in legal cases, relying on a familiar playbook used against opposition politicians in Pakistan, albeit to limited effect, with the courts’ involvement.

Khan’s party still controls two of Pakistan’s four provinces, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), and the incumbent federal government’s (extra-legal) efforts to try to wrest power from it in Punjab, the largest province, have been unsuccessful (thanks to the courts). The year is off to a dramatic start, with Khan’s party initiating the process to dissolve the Punjab and KP assemblies this month to pressure the federal government into early elections.

For politics-obsessed Pakistan, the biggest question remains who will win the next general election. Will former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif (brother of current Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif) return to Pakistan to run as the head of his party, the PML-N? Can Imran Khan win on the strength of his popular support, despite his confrontation with the military? Regardless of the outcome, we can say this much given the histories of the main contenders: The direction of the country is unlikely to change.

2. A precarious economic situation

Pakistan’s economy has been in crisis for months, predating the summer’s catastrophic floods. Inflation is backbreaking, the rupee’s value has fallen sharply, and its foreign reserves have now dropped to the precariously low level of $4.3 billion, enough to cover only one month’s worth of imports, raising the possibility of default.

An economic crisis comes around every few years in Pakistan, borne out of an economy that doesn’t produce enough and spends too much, and is thus reliant on external debt. Every successive crisis is worse as the debt bill gets larger and payments become due. This year, internal political instability and the flooding catastrophe have worsened it. There is a significant external element to the crisis as well, with rising global food and fuel prices in the wake of Russia’s war in Ukraine. The combination of all these factors has spelled perhaps the greatest economic challenge Pakistan has ever seen. Yet the government has been mired in politicking, and the release of a $1.1 billion loan tranche from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) remains stalled as Islamabad has pushed back on the IMF’s conditions. The government has now resorted to limiting imports and shutting down malls and wedding halls early, small measures that fail to adequately address the problem.

Related Books

Madiha Afzal

January 2, 2018

Stephen P. Cohen

November 4, 2011

August 9, 2006

Pakistan may end up avoiding default for the time being with IMF help and loans from friendly countries, especially Saudi Arabia and other Gulf nations. But those won’t address the clear underlying malaise of the economy – and the fact that something fundamentally will need to change, in terms of how much the economy produces versus how much it spends, to avoid default down the road. But none of Pakistan’s political parties seem to have the political will or ability to bring about such change.

Pakistan must reportedly pay back $73 billion by 2025; it won’t be able to do so without debt restructuring.

3. Flood recovery

A “ monsoon on steroids ” – directly linked to climate change – caused a summer of flooding in Pakistan so catastrophic that it has repeatedly been described as biblical. It left a third of the country under water – submerging entire villages – killed more than 1,700, destroyed homes, infrastructure, and vast cropland, and left millions displaced.

More than four months after the worst of the flooding, nearly 90,000 people are still displaced from their homes, and the floodwater is still standing in some areas. It would be enormously difficult for any country to recover from such a disaster and rebuild lost infrastructure, including roads and schools, let alone a government dealing with a cash crunch like Pakistan’s.

But the Pakistani government – in particular the foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, who has visited the United States twice since the summer, and the minister for climate change, Sherry Rehman – has done an admirable job bringing awareness of the flooding catastrophe to the world stage. A donors’ conference Sharif co-hosted with the United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres in Geneva this month raised pledges for more than $9 billion for flood recovery over the next three years (the money is mostly in the form of project loans). Pakistan has also played an important role in discussions about the devastating effects of climate change on developing nations, spearheading the effort to place loss and damage on the agenda at COP27 for the first time, and pushing for COP delegates in Egypt to agree to a loss and damage fund.

With billions of dollars in help promised, the government has passed one hurdle. But the road for recovery ahead will be tough: Displaced people are still sleeping under open skies in Sindh province. Implementing a sustainable recovery will require enormous capacity, resources, and transparency in a country already mired in other troubles.

4. Mounting insecurity

The Pakistani Taliban (or TTP), the terrorist group responsible for killing tens of thousands of Pakistanis from 2007 to 2014, have been emboldened – predictably so – by a Taliban-ruled Afghanistan, and once again pose a threat to Pakistan, albeit in a geographically limited region (for now). The group engaged in at least 150 attacks in Pakistan last year, mostly in the northwest. Because the TTP have sanctuary in Afghanistan, the Pakistani state increasingly finds itself out of options when it comes to dealing effectively with the group. The state’s negotiations with the TTP have failed repeatedly, as they are bound to, because the group is fundamentally opposed to the notion of the Pakistani state and constitution as it exists today. The Afghan Taliban have, unsurprisingly, also not proved to be of help in dealing with the TTP – and Pakistan’s relations with the Afghan Taliban have deteriorated significantly at the same time over other issues, including the border dividing the two countries.

At this point, Pakistan’s first preference will be to strike kinetically at TTP targets within its borders, but that will be limited by TTP movement across the border into Afghanistan. That movement is what leaves Pakistan with the difficult-to-resolve TTP issue and complicates things beyond the military operation it launched against the group in 2014. Still, the Pakistani Taliban at this point is not the biggest threat Pakistan faces, given the country’s major political and economic challenges – but left unchecked, it could morph into a significant crisis.

5. Civil-military relations

Pakistan has a new chief of army staff as of November 29 last year. General Asim Munir replaced General Qamar Javed Bajwa, who had held the all-powerful post for six years (due to a three-year extension). The appointment of the army chief was a subject of considerable political contention last year; a major part of the reason Khan was ousted from power was his falling out with the military on questions over the appointments of top army officials.

All eyes are now on how civil-military relations shape up under Munir. Under Bajwa, the military solidified its control over all manner of policy behind the scenes. Bajwa presided over a close “same-page” relationship with Khan; when that frayed, the PML-N was eager to take Khan’s place as the military’s ally and head of the civilian government. Bajwa left office saying the army would no longer be involved in political matters; few in Pakistan believe him. With politics set to dominate the agenda this year and an election imminent, Munir has a chance to show the country whether he will follow in his predecessor’s footsteps, or chart a new course for civil-military relations in Pakistan. Pakistan’s history indicates the former.

Related Content

May 20, 2022

Bruce Riedel, Madiha Afzal

April 22, 2022

February 11, 2022

U.S. Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy

Afghanistan Pakistan

Center for Middle East Policy

April 3, 2024

February 29, 2024

Online Only

10:00 am - 11:00 am EST

• Beginner's Guide
• Past Papers
• CSP Members
• Members List
• Social Groups
• Mark Forums Read

CSS Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs Important Topics For 2022.

Css essay, current affairs, pakistan affairs important topics for 2022.

Here, you will have all the essential topics of English Essay, Current Affairs and Pakistan affairs for CSS and PMS Exams 2023. These are the CSS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, International relations and English Essay 2023 Guess Questions For the upcoming CE-2023 made by the qualified CSSMCQs team members while keeping in review all the major aspects of the Current scenarios. Insha’ALLAH, you will have 4-8 same nature questions in your real exam papers of PA, CA and IR and English Essay 2023. You can practice these questions right away, however, it will be updated with the lapse of time.

• ➤ CSS  Current Affairs Guess Paper For 2022 By CSS MCQs [ 35% Paper came from this guess paper… CHECK HERE ]

Important Topic for CSS and PMS Exams 2022

Download in PDF

1) Inflation:

• Ukraine war and Inflation.
• Climate change, factor of inflation.
• Covid-19, and Supply chain disruption.
• Inflation in Pakistan
• Inflation, the way forward.

2) The Crisis Of Energy:

• Ukraine war and Energy Crisis.
• The issue of oil production.
• The Crisis of Energy in Pakistan.
• Energy Crisis, the way forward.

3) Islamophobia:

• Hiduvata Vs Islamophobia.
• Political gains and Islamophobia.
• Islamophobia and OIC.
• Potential Impacts of Islamophobia.
• Academic approach, the way forward.
• Tackling the issue of Islamophobia.

4) Climate Change:

• Climate Justice.
• Climate Change and The Economic Cost.
• Climate Emergency and its consequences
• Climate Crisis And Pakistan, 2022 Floods.
• Climate struggle, Impact of international conflicts.
• IPPC 6th Assessment Reports, Working Groups 1,2 &3.
• COP 26 Successes
• COP 27 and Way forward

5) Water Crisis.

• Manifestation, and Reports.
• Climate and Water Crisis.
• Dames, the Way Forward.
• Water Policies.
• Management of Water Resources.
• Potential Impacts and Recommendation.

6) Foreign Policy

• Geo-Political Dynamics, opportunity and challenges of Pakistan foreign policy.
• The Concept of independent foreign policy.
• Climate and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
• The challenge of Balancing ties between major powers.
• Energy crisis and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
• National security policy 2022-26, and foreign policy.
• International conflicts, and Pakistan foreign Policy.
• The challenges, IMF and FATF.

7) Afghanistan Issue:

• Taliban Govt., and Pakistan Concerns
• The role of OIC in Taliban recognition.
• Afghanistan, the issue of Human rights.
• Afghanistan Economic Collapse .
• Humanitarian Crisis.
• Tehreek e Taliban ( TTP)

8) Financial Action Task Force.

• What Pakistan lost due to its position on Gray list.
• Politicization of FATF.
• Role of Diplomacy in FATF.

9) Food Insecurity.

• World Population Reaches 8 Billion, U.N. Says. The rapid population growth has been driven by the world’s poorest countries and they are confronting food insecurity, how to mitigate these crises?
• International conflicts, and food insecurity.
• Climate change and food insecurity.
• Covid-19, and Food insecurity.
• Food insecurity, and Pakistan.
• Food insecurity the way forward.

10) Russian_Ukraine Crisis.

• Potential impacts on Pakistan.
• Energy Aspect of Russian_Ukraine Crisis
• Food security and Russian_Ukraine Crisis.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis and Nuclear option.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis and new new blocs.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis, the information warfare

11) Indo-Pacific:

• IPEF, pivot to Asia 2.0 and CPTPP AND RECEP.
• The crisis in Taiwan, New developments.
• USA, the strengthening of Indian Defense.
• Developments in South China Sea.
• $600, Partnership for global infrastructure.

12) The Emerging New World Order.

• The war in Ukraine and new world order.
• Sino-Russian, unlimited friendship.
• Strengthening of BRICS.
• Competition in Indo-Pacific.
• US Sanctions and New Payment Systems.
• Energy , factor in new world order.

13) The Decline of USD.

• Tough US sanctions, finding alternative payments.
• New payment systems, CIPS, SPFS, UPI.
• Yuan-Ruble trade.
• Indian rupee-rubble
• BRICS Business Forum, Putin proposal of New Trading Currency,
• Condition of Rubble Payment for Russian Gas.

14) Political Instability:

• Leading causes.
• Potential Impacts.

15) Constitutional Crisis:

• Developments and Judiciary Role.
• Constitutional Crisis and Development

16) Economic Crisis of Pakistan

• Political instability.
• Climate impacts on the Economy.
• Role of FATF Gray list.
• Structural issue.
• Issues of Industrial and Agricultural sectors,

17) Electoral Reforms.

• Facts and Observation.
• Obstacles in making reforms.
• EVMs and Its issues.
• i-voting, Criticism.

18) National Security Policy 2022-26.

• Description of NSP.
• Importance of NSP.
• Criticism of NSP.

19) The Crisis of Overpopulation.

• Manifestation, UN world population prospects 2022.
• A crisis of negligence.
• Responsible factors.
• Making population productive, investments in Hum. Resources.
• Urbanization and potential Impacts of overpopulation.

20) International Monitoring Fund, IMF.

• The eternal issue of BoP.
• IMF, the Lifeline.
• Drawbacks of IMF Funding.
• Way forward

21) Single National Curriculum (SNC) and Pakistan

• Is SNC implemented in Pakistan?
• What are the benefits of single national curriculum in Pakistan?
• Which curriculum is followed in Pakistan?
• What are the disadvantages of SNC?
• Analyzing the Pros and Cons of Single National Curriculum
• Single National Curriculum & Educational Disparities in Pakistan

Click below to download in PDF CSS Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs Important Topics For 2022.

PM Khan gone: Pakistan’s political crisis explained in 400 words

Khan became the first PM in Pakistan’s history to be sent packing through a vote of no confidence.

Imran Khan’s term as prime minister of Pakistan ended on Sunday following days of constitutional chaos that left him with no choice but to resign or be voted out of office.

The Pakistani parliament’s lower house will meet on Monday to vote for a new acting prime minister.

Keep reading

What will be the fallout from pakistan’s political crisis, pakistan pm imran khan gone after losing no-confidence vote, no pakistani prime minister has completed a full term in office.

This is the first time a no-confidence motion against a prime minister of Pakistan has been successful.

How was Khan deposed by a no-confidence vote?

Khan was voted out in parliament days after he blocked a similar attempt.

The no-confidence motion , which required 172 votes in the 342-seat parliament to pass, was supported by 174 parliamentarians.

The passing of the motion came after the country’s Supreme Court ruled Khan, who came to power in 2018, acted unconstitutionally in previously blocking the process and dissolving parliament.

In a landmark verdict late on Thursday, the court restored the house that was dissolved by President Arif Alvi on Khan’s recommendation.

Khan has alleged the opposition colluded with the United States to unseat him and called on his supporters to stage nationwide rallies on Sunday.

Since independence in 1947, no Pakistani prime minister has completed a five-year term in office in the country.

What led to leader Khan’s downfall?

Khan’s political demise was rooted in twin new realities. Inside parliament, his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party had lost the support of coalition allies, denying him the majority he needed to defeat the vote of no confidence.

Outside parliament, Khan appeared to lose the support of Pakistan’s powerful military, which the opposition alleged helped him win the 2018 general election. They had recently publicly fallen out over senior military appointments and policy decisions.

In recent weeks, as the principal opposition parties – the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) and the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) – ramped up their efforts to dislodge Khan, coalition allies became vocal in their dissatisfaction with him.

Meanwhile, a deepening economic crisis contributed to dissatisfaction with Khan with double-digit inflation dogging much of his term.

Who will be Pakistan’s next PM?

Shehbaz Sharif , the younger brother of three-time Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, is widely expected to replace Khan.

The 70-year-old is little known outside his country but has a reputation domestically as an effective administrator more than as a politician.

In an interview last week, he said good relations with the United States were critical for Pakistan for better or for worse, in stark contrast to Khan’s recently antagonistic relationship with Washington.

United States Institute of Peace

Home ▶ Publications

The Current Situation in Pakistan

A USIP Fact Sheet

Monday, January 23, 2023

Publication Type: Fact Sheet

Pakistan continues to face multiple sources of internal and external conflict. Extremism and intolerance of diversity and dissent have grown, fuelled by a narrow vision of Pakistan’s national identity, and are threatening the country’s prospects for social cohesion and stability.   

The inability of state institutions to reliably provide peaceful ways to resolve grievances has encouraged groups to seek violence as an alternative. The country saw peaceful political transitions after the 2013 and 2018 elections. However, as the country prepares for anticipated elections in 2023, it continues to face a fragile economy along with deepening domestic polarization. Meanwhile, devastating flooding across Pakistan in 2022 has caused billions in damage, strained the country’s agriculture and health sectors, and also laid bare Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate disasters and troubling weaknesses in governance and economic stability.

Regionally, Pakistan faces a resurgence of extremist groups along its border with Afghanistan, which has raised tensions with Taliban-led Afghanistan. Despite a declared ceasefire on the Line of Control in Kashmir in 2021, relations with India remain stagnant and vulnerable to crises that pose a threat to regional and international security. The presence and influence of China, as a great power and close ally of Pakistan, has both the potential to ameliorate and exacerbate various internal and external conflicts in the region.

USIP’S Work

The U.S. Institute of Peace has conducted research and analysis and promoted dialogue in Pakistan since the 1990s, with a presence in the country since 2013. The Institute works to help reverse Pakistan’s growing intolerance of diversity and to increase social cohesion. USIP supports local organizations that develop innovative ways to build peace and promote narratives of inclusion using media, arts, technology, dialogues and education.

USIP works with state institutions in their efforts to be more responsive to citizens’ needs, which can reduce the use of violence to resolve grievances. The Institute supports work to improve police-community relations, promote greater access to justice and strengthen inclusive democratic institutions and governance. USIP also conducts and supports research in Pakistan to better understand drivers of peace and conflict and informs international policies and programs that promote peace and tolerance within Pakistan, between Pakistan and its neighbors, and between Pakistan and the United States.

USIP’s Work in Pakistan Includes:

Improving police-community relations for effective law enforcement

The Pakistani police have struggled with a poor relationship with the public, characterized by mistrust and mistreatment, which has hindered effective policing. USIP has partnered with national and provincial police departments to aid in building police-community relationships and strengthening policing in Pakistan through training, capacity building and social media engagement.

Building sustainable mechanisms for dialogue, critical thinking and peace education.

Nearly two-thirds of Pakistan’s population is under the age of 30. Youth with access to higher education carry disproportionate influence in society. However, Pakistan’s siloed education system does not allow interactions across diverse groups or campuses, leading to intolerance, and in some cases, radicalization. To tackle growing intolerance of diversity on university campuses, USIP has partnered with civil society and state institutions to support programs that establish sustainable mechanisms for dialogue, critical thinking and peace education.

Helping Pakistanis rebuild traditions of tolerance to counter extremists’ demands for violence

USIP supports local cultural leaders, civil society organizations, artists and others in reviving local traditions and discourses that encourage acceptance of diversity, promote dialogue and address social change. USIP also supports media production — including theater, documentaries and collections of short stories — which offer counter narratives to extremism and religious fundamentalism.

Support for acceptance and inclusion of religious minorities

Relations between religious communities in Pakistan have deteriorated, with some instances of intercommunal violence or other forms of exclusion. USIP supports the efforts of local peacebuilders, including religious scholars and leaders, to promote interfaith harmony, peaceful coexistence and equitable inclusion of minorities (gender, ethnic and religious) in all spheres of public life.

Supporting inclusive and democratic institutions

To help democratic institutions be more responsive to citizens, USIP supports technical assistance to state institutions and efforts to empower local governments, along with helping relevant civil society actors advocate for greater inclusion of marginalized groups. Gender has been a major theme of this effort and across USIP’s programming in Pakistan. These programs empower women in peacebuilding and democratic processes through research, advocacy and capacity building.

Related Publications

Senior Study Group on Counterterrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan: Final Report

Tuesday, May 14, 2024

By: USIP Senior Study Group on Counterterrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan

When announcing the US withdrawal from Afghanistan in April 2021, President Joe Biden identified counterterrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan as an enduring and critical US national security interest. This priority became even more pronounced after the Taliban’s return to power in August 2021, the discovery of al-Qaeda’s leader Ayman al-Zawahiri in Kabul less than a year later, and the increasing threat of the Islamic State of Khorasan (ISIS-K) from Afghanistan. However, owing to the escalating pressures of strategic competition with China and Russia, counterterrorism has significantly dropped in importance in the policy agenda.

Type: Report

Violent Extremism

Why Counterterrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan Still Matters

Thursday, May 9, 2024

By: Ambassador Anne Patterson; Tricia Bacon, Ph.D.; Ambassador P. Michael McKinley; Joshua White, Ph.D.; Brian Finucane, Ph.D.

From wars in Ukraine and the Middle East to rising tensions in the South China Sea, there is no shortage of crises to occupy the time and attention of U.S. policymakers. But three years after the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, the threat of terrorism emanating from South Asia remains strong and policymakers need to be more vigilant. Indeed, at the end of March, an Afghanistan-based affiliate of ISIS launched a devastating attack outside of Moscow, killing over 140 people.

Type: Question and Answer

Global Policy ;  Violent Extremism

As Fragile Kashmir Cease-Fire Turns Three, Here’s How to Keep it Alive

Wednesday, February 21, 2024

By: Christopher Clary

At midnight on the night of February 24-25, 2021, India and Pakistan reinstated a cease-fire that covered their security forces operating “along the Line of Control (LOC) and all other sectors” in Kashmir, the disputed territory that has been at the center of the India-Pakistan conflict since 1947. While the third anniversary of that agreement is a notable landmark in the history of India-Pakistan cease-fires, the 2021 cease-fire is fragile and needs bolstering to be maintained.

Type: Analysis

Global Policy

Understanding Pakistan’s Election Results

Tuesday, February 13, 2024

By: Asfandyar Mir, Ph.D. ; Tamanna Salikuddin

Days after Pakistan’s February 8 general election, the Election Commission of Pakistan released the official results confirming a major political upset. Contrary to what most political pundits and observers had predicted, independents aligned with former Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) won the most seats at the national level, followed by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM). No party won an absolute majority needed to form a government on its own. The resultant uncertainty means the United States may have to contend with a government that is more focused on navigating internal politics and less so on addressing strategic challenges.

Global Elections & Conflict ;  Global Policy

CSS Pakistan Affairs Paper 2022

• May 14, 2022
• CSS Examination

Here you will find the CSS Pakistan Affairs Paper 2022. You can view or download this CSS Pakistan Affairs Paper 2022.

Q2. Discuss the role of regional and nationalist political parties in Pakistani politics. How far these parties are necessary for the political system?

Q3. Discuss the Federal Structure of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan after the 18th Amendment. Why criticism on the 18th Amendment started recently?

Q4. Evaluate the factional politics of the early years(1947-58) and their impact on the democratic process of Pakistan.

Q5. Every state designs its foreign policy on its National interests rejecting feelings and emotions. Why did Pakistan prefer emotions, feelings, and ideology in its foreign policy? Also, analyze its impact.

Q6. What is the volume of grants, aid, and loans in Pakistan’s economy in the last ten years to stimulate growth? Discuss.

Q7. Why did Pakistan join Western Defense Pacts? What cost does it have to pay for that? Explain.

Q8. Discuss the issues and mistrust in US-Pakistan relations after the withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan.

You can also view the CSS Pakistan Affairs Notes and Study Material here.

Other CSS 2022 Papers:

➤➤ View All CSS Papers of 2022 here.

You may also like these:

• CSS Exam 2023: Complete Guide for Beginners for CSS 2023
• CSS Paper Papers 2020
• PMS Past Papers 2020
• CSS Examination 2021: Complete Guide for Beginners for CSS 2021
• PMS Syllabus: PMS Exam Syllabus for Compulsory and Optional Subjects
• English Essay: Write Effective Essay for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary Exams

I am interested in writing content for educational purpose.

Most relevant ▼

• CSS Exam 2025: Complete Guide for Beginners for CSS 2025
• Expected English Essay Topics for CSS 2024
• Date Sheet for CSS 2024 FPSC
• CSS Exam 2024: Complete Guide for Beginners for CSS 2024
• How to Start CSS Preparation from Zero
• How to Pass CSS Examination on the First Attempt
• Expected Questions about CSS Pakistan Affairs in 2023
• The Ultimate Guide to a Successful Interview
• Special CSS Exam 2022
• CSS MPT Paper of 2023

• Pakistan Today
• Profit Magazine
• Paperazzi Magazine

Politics is the art of the possible

Shattered dreams: palestinians and the global deceit, forsaken kashmir, back in the driving seat, not talking to anyone, who was killed in fresno, pha initiates work on maiden ‘public sculpture garden’ at nasser bagh, centenarians and an sho’s powers, king charles reportedly “humiliates” prince harry over his “version of events”…, israel offensive on rafah would not eliminate hamas, says blinken, brazil state reels as death toll rises to 143 amid heavy…, michael cohen to testify as key witness in trump’s hush money…, china’s innovative farming tech delivers new veggie delights, t20 world cup: usa may give tough time to pakistan: ramiz…, pcb chairman urges pak squad to embrace modern t20i techniques to…, japan beat pakistan in closely contested sultan azlan shah cup final, amir won’t play first t20i against ireland despite joining team in…, pakistan and ireland set to clash in debut t20i series today, challenges for pakistan in 2022 and ahead.

A make-or-break year

The year 2021 has been depressing for a great number of people across the globe. From the suffering of the Palestinians despite Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu’s exit, a Taliban takeover in Afghanistan, and the arrival of hardliners in Iran to the New Cold War made global headlines.  Of course, the pandemic seemed untamed, which in effect not only shaped the year, but its manifest disasters also left no stone unturned. In other words, the pandemic seeped into society like air in the atmosphere. Despite poor spending on the social sector, Pakistan till now has done well as far as the pandemic is concerned. The year 2022 will be dominated by five fault lines for Pakistan, nevertheless.

On the economic front, Pakistan’s record has been one of the worst in its entire history. Enormous deficits have shaped virtually all sectors. To cope with these hydra-headed deficits, the only strategy of the government is to hope that the global oil and commodity prices go down. It shows how troubled the country is. According to the State Bank Reports, Pakistan’s yearly inflation shot up to 12.3 percent in December. The way the government handles affairs, it’s anything but difficult to predict that inflation will prevail throughout the year in one form or the other. If that is not enough, the IMF conditions have denuded Pakistan of its fiscal as well monetary sovereignty. In short, inflation will be a new normal this year.

While half of Pakistanis find it hard to put food on the table, the arrival of new Afghans can be potentially unsustainable. Of course, Pakistan should host as many Afghans as it can— there are 1.5 million registered Afghan refugees in Pakistan— but the fact is that the cost of such actions is borne by common Pakistanis. Given that in Afghanistan, half of the population lives below the poverty lines, 23 million find it hard to eat and drink, and children and women are starving en masse, it seems impossible that Pakistanis can slam their door for their brothers. Neither it is humane nor is it possible.

One thing is for sure. Letting things go like today doesn’t seem sustainable. 140 million youth can go bonkers if they find it hard to live decent lives. For the ruling class and the elite, it seems a far-stretched forewarning, every change had come uninvited, unpredicted, and all of a sudden. It is about time the elite class and the ruling class caters to the needs of Pakistan and Pakistanis, otherwise, it would be too late and they will lose everything they have and care for.

The Taliban, against all the rosy pictures they portrayed at the beginning, are playing with the lives of not only hapless Afghans but the future of the country and the region as well. Economically bankrupt, socially chaotic, and politically barbaric and tactless, the ragtag group has no idea of modern statecraft, let alone a fully functional polity. They would go to any extent to implement their version of Islam, which can render the whole region a battleground of various crimes— militancy, drug trafficking, religious-based killings to name a few. These will eventually spill over into Pakistan for obvious reasons.

Another fault line for Pakistan emanates from its newly unhappy marriage with the militant groups.  For the record 2021 saw a 56 percent rise in terror attacks in Pakistan in which no less than 850 people lost their lives. Of course, the uptick in crimes went up owing to the rise of the Taliban, but the state’s checkered history coupled with the ambivalence about calling a spade a spade cannot be overstated. It was our PM who said that the Taliban had “broken the shackle of slavery,” and later approached their cousins— the TTP and the TLP, whose hands are stained with Pakistanis blood— to bury the hatchet. While the pyrrhic victory of the Taliban gave encouragement to other militant groups in Pakistan whose attacks are in full swing, the upcoming year may give us security threats, thanks to our leaders’ appeasement of these militant groups.

Politics in Pakistan’s history had been anything but stable, but the PTI has exacerbated the whole situation. Year after year, political witch-hunt, intimidations, and political ravage have defined this regime. This year will show us the old wine in new bottles. Nawaz’s comeback, the PML(N)’s resurgence, PDM’s Inflation March, and the future of PTI will be political hot potatoes in Pakistan.

Additionally, political parties will enter into election mode. In this backdrop, it will be interesting to see which way the camel— the establishment— sits. Whatever happens, political instability will prevail or rather metastasize to another level.

Although the government has tamed the virus to some extent, with its new variant, the deadly virus can overwhelm the country in no time. At best, Pakistan will grapple with the situation; at worst, like India, if vaccination doesn’t go unabated and the  newer variant shows its invincibility, there can be a heavy cost. Most probably the former will be the case. In one way or the other, the pandemic will remain here in the milder form at least.

If the past year gave us Goosebumps, this year will not take them away. Pakistan has structural issues which can’t be solved at the drop of a hat. Sadly, this country is going down the road to self-harm. Our elite has no idea of how much the country, its poor and middle-class pays for their lavish or rather complacent lifestyle in a country in which nothing is functioning. On the one hand, there is a dichotomy on each front; on the other, this balkanization goes unaddressed with the passage of time. For instance, for 70 years both liberals and fundamentalists debate on the way Pakistan has to be. By the same token, each group picks its own heroes and villains.

Add to these the unending economic experimentations we’ve had for the last five decades. Without cost-benefits, one system is supplanted with the other at the whim of a ruler, which has taken us to a dead-end from which only suicide seems inevitable. Worse so, our dictators try to seem democratic, but our so-called elected leaders find any democratic value like freedom of speech or media freedom an anathema to their rule.

RELATED ARTICLES

‘rising together: the imperative of a unified national consortium to revive pakistan international airlines’, enhancing china-pakistan cooperation with new quality productive forces, heightened vigilance urged following post-rain dengue threat, ecp raises seven objections regarding pti intra-party elections, king charles reportedly “humiliates” prince harry over his “version of events” for uk visit, maryam nawaz-led punjab government tables defamation bill in pa.

• Privacy policy

5 Top Reads: Pakistan’s Year of Turmoil

Create an FP account to save articles to read later and in the FP mobile app.

ALREADY AN FP SUBSCRIBER? LOGIN

World Brief

• Editors’ Picks
• Africa Brief

China Brief

• Latin America Brief

South Asia Brief

Situation report.

• Flash Points
• War in Ukraine
• Israel and Hamas
• U.S.-China competition
• Biden's foreign policy
• Trade and economics
• Artificial intelligence
• Asia & the Pacific
• Middle East & Africa

Reimagining Globalization

Fareed zakaria on an age of revolutions, ones and tooze, foreign policy live.

Spring 2024 Issue

Print Archive

FP Analytics

• In-depth Special Reports
• Issue Briefs
• Power Maps and Interactive Microsites
• FP Simulations & PeaceGames
• Graphics Database

From Resistance to Resilience

The atlantic & pacific forum, redefining multilateralism, principles of humanity under pressure, fp global health forum 2024.

By submitting your email, you agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use and to receive email correspondence from us. You may opt out at any time.

Your guide to the most important world stories of the day

Essential analysis of the stories shaping geopolitics on the continent

The latest news, analysis, and data from the country each week

Weekly update on what’s driving U.S. national security policy

Evening roundup with our editors’ favorite stories of the day

One-stop digest of politics, economics, and culture

Weekly update on developments in India and its neighbors

A curated selection of our very best long reads

Pakistan’s Year of Turmoil

In 2022, the country has seen a dramatic change in power, record-high inflation, and catastrophic floods. what could happen in 2023.

The year's best stories

Pakistan entered 2022 with a couple of bad omens: It was already reeling from the collapse of the regime next door in Afghanistan and the beginnings of an economic crisis. And the hits started coming quickly. The country has seen an uptick in terrorist attacks, beginning the year with a blast in Lahore that killed three people. The government has pointed fingers at the Taliban regime in Afghanistan for harboring militant groups, but domestic problems have a role to play.

On the economic front, Pakistan’s outlook seems dire as the year closes, with analysts fretting the country could end up like its regional neighbor Sri Lanka: unable to pay its debts, short on foreign reserves, and grappling with untenable, skyrocketing inflation. By November, its consumer price index sat at nearly 24 percent —after its central bank unexpectedly raised interest rates to slow down inflation. Pakistan is scheduled to repay more than $26 billion in foreign debt in fiscal year 2023.

Pakistan’s politics began to unravel too. Imran Khan, the former cricket star-turned-prime minister elected in 2018, came under pressure due to the economic crisis—and a burgeoning fallout with the country’s powerful military. The opposition filed a no-confidence motion against him in March; Khan then pushed the president to dissolve the National Assembly and hold elections, triggering a constitutional crisis. Ultimately, Khan became the first Pakistani prime minister to lose a no-confidence vote and Shehbaz Sharif was elected to succeed him by the same parliament on April 11.

However, Khan has not faded from view, instead reigniting support behind a movement to push the new government to call early elections—presenting a potential challenge to the military establishment. In November, he suffered an attempt on his life at a political rally and returned to the campaign trail two weeks later. In an interview with Foreign Policy the same month, Khan seemed determined to make a comeback. “So what will we do next, if I had a chance again? What I’ve been trying to do for 26 years—rule of law,” he said. “Whenever Pakistan’s economic revival will start, it will have to start with establishing rule of law.”

A climate catastrophe struck with the monsoon season, as heavy rains and glacial runoff combined to submerge large swaths of Pakistan’s south. The floods displaced millions of people and destroyed agricultural livelihoods, causing as much as $40 billion in damage that Pakistan cannot afford. In the weeks afterward, Pakistani leaders pleaded for international assistance and led developing countries at the annual United Nations climate change summit (known as COP27) in a call for “loss and damage” funding for those on the front lines of the climate crisis.

So what comes next? The military remains under pressure from homegrown militancy. Debts are coming due. Pakistan is one of many countries set for a 2023 general election, sometime between August and October, so its political drama has certainly not reached its zenith. And ordinary citizens are already bracing for another season of climate extremes.

Here are five Foreign Policy stories that seek to explain Pakistan’s year of crisis—and what awaits the country in the new year.

1. Pakistan Faces ‘Peace of Wolves’ as Regional Tensions Rise

by Lynne O’Donnell, Feb. 22

In February 2022, separatist militants carried out simultaneous attacks against two Pakistan Army outposts in remote Balochistan province, killing 13 soldiers. The assault reflected a resurgence in domestic terrorism that has not let up in the months since. Islamabad blames the Taliban regime that took power in Kabul in August 2021 for sheltering terrorist groups that undermine its own security, especially the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), which escalated its attacks this year in the country’s northwest.

The fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban certainly had ripple effects in Pakistan, but it faces further pressure from within—and its powerful military is the target. “Pakistan’s woes aren’t just due to the fall of the Afghan republic,” FP’s Lynne O’Donnell reports from Islamabad. “Domestic militant threats are expected to intensify amid a toxic cocktail of economic deprivation, social marginalization, heavy-handed security, ethnic nationalism, and tribalism.”

O’Donnell’s report in February now seems like a clear signal of what was to come. Amid stop-and-start talks with the TTP, the Pakistani military sought to strengthen its presence to contain the militant threat, according to her sources—but it remained hamstrung by Pakistan’s economic crisis. In November, the TTP called off a cease-fire agreed in June with Islamabad, threatening to expand their attacks to the rest of the country in the months ahead.

2. Will Pakistan’s Inflation Crisis Bring Down Imran Khan?

by Hajira Maryam, March 25

Khan’s fall from power in April in part came down to the economy. When Pakistan’s parliamentary opposition called its no-confidence vote, it picked up a dozen defectors from his party who were dissatisfied with his handling of the economy. His supporters may have seen the ongoing crisis as reflecting a broken campaign promise: In 2018, Khan pledged to “make the country’s economy work for the poor,” Pakistani journalist Hajira Maryam writes. “Four years later, … citizens are struggling to make ends meet.”

Extreme inflation that plagued Pakistan at the end of last year reached new extremes in 2022, hitting a two-year peak to the start the year. That gave the political opposition a chance to oust Khan. “So-called middle-class poverty is on the rise, squeezing the average wage earner and deteriorating standards of living. The surging prices are pushing many people to the brink,” Maryam writes. That’s not to mention Pakistan’s ballooning sovereign debt , which had exceeded $250 billion by August.

Khan is out, but Pakistan’s economic crisis has kept spiraling under Sharif’s government, which Maryam pointed out seemed to lack a plan to confront the challenge from the start. “Even if Khan is ousted in the coming days, it won’t resolve the crisis facing Pakistan’s people,” she writes. “Whoever holds power in Pakistan inherits a dysfunctional economic model, and the current opposition’s only apparent agenda is the removal of Khan.”

3. Imran Khan’s Revolution

by Azeem Ibrahim, Aug. 24

Former Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan speaks at an event in Islamabad on June 22. AAMIR QURESHI/AFP via Getty Images

Khan’s removal from office only seemed to embolden him. He immediately espoused a conspiracy theory that the United States had interfered to push him out. He has repeatedly demanded early elections. And he has criticized the powerful military establishment and the judicial system, breaking political taboos. In August, Khan was charged with terrorism offenses for threatening police officers and a judge. (A high court later dropped the charges.)

In the wake of those charges, FP’s Azeem Ibrahim argues that the mass support Khan garnered could mark a turning point in Pakistani politics. “What many dismiss as sour grapes may actually mark the beginning of something new: the creation of a popular mass democratic movement in Pakistan, the first one in the 75 years since the Partition of India and founding of the state,” he writes.

Khan’s approach also reflects his break with Pakistan’s military, which supported his rise to power—and which continues to dominate the country’s politics from behind the scenes. The military assumed Khan “would follow the unspoken rules of politics and know when he was beaten,” Ibrahim writes. “But as Khan’s rhetoric in opposition grows loftier—taking aim at the corruption of elections, parliamentary politics, the economy, and state institutions as well as the nature of military rule—the generals clearly see something new and worrisome on the horizon.”

4. Pakistan’s Next Superflood Is Coming. The Cavalry Isn’t.

by Fatima Bhojani, Sept. 15

Amid economic and political turmoil, Pakistan suffered a climate disaster. In June, unusually heavy monsoon rains arrived, combining with glacial melt to inundate flood-prone areas and cause rivers to overflow their banks. By September, one-third of the country was underwater, millions of farmers had lost a season of crops, and Islamabad was asking for urgent assistance. The crisis seemed unprecedented—yet it was Pakistan’s second superflood since 2010, Pakistani journalist Fatima Bhojani points out.

“The simple fact is that even the most ambitious targets of climate campaigners may be too warm for Pakistan’s comfort,” she writes. The country is on the front lines of the climate crisis, and disasters like this year’s floods are exacerbated by poor infrastructure and social inequalities. Despite Pakistan’s relatively small contribution to global emissions, “it has become among the most vulnerable countries to even slight increases in temperatures,” Bhojani writes.

Sharif invoked the floods when he spoke at COP27 in November, leading developing countries in a call for climate justice that addresses the disparities between vulnerable populations and the world’s biggest emitters. The West must step up, Bhojani writes: Back in Pakistan, people are already bracing for the “next cataclysm.” “We’ve just sat through Act 1 of a play nobody wanted to watch. There are more acts to follow.”

5. Pakistan’s Military Is Here to Stay

by Husain Haqqani, Oct. 20  

In October, Khan announced his second “long march” from Lahore to Islamabad, continuing to call for early elections even as he faced new charges for violating political fundraising laws. Amid these developments, Husain Haqqani, a former Pakistani ambassador to the United States, argued that Khan’s challenge to the military establishment can only go so far. “Pakistani politics have always revolved around the country’s military,” he wrote. “Khan’s polarizing rhetoric is only adding to Pakistan’s chaos—not marking the advent of a revolution.”

Haqqani argued that in Pakistan, political success ultimately depends on the military’s blessing. “Pakistan has had popular leaders who challenged the military’s dominance on politics and policy before,” he wrote. “They did not succeed in weakening this stranglehold—and Khan’s chances are no better.” His renewed popularity with a disenchanted base may have rankled the generals, but the former prime minister is unlikely to divide the military or dismantle the system.

Of this, Haqqani is certain: “As Khan and others nurtured by Pakistan’s military establishment turn against it, some might be tempted to write the obituary of military dominance in the country’s politics,” he added. “As someone who has advocated and fought for the supremacy of civilian rule and constitutional democracy in Pakistan for decades, I am not sure Khan’s agitation will truly change how Pakistan functions.”

Audrey Wilson is the managing editor at Foreign Policy . Twitter:  @audreybwilson

Join the Conversation

Commenting on this and other recent articles is just one benefit of a Foreign Policy subscription.

Already a subscriber? Log In .

Subscribe Subscribe

View Comments

Join the conversation on this and other recent Foreign Policy articles when you subscribe now.

Not your account? Log out

Please follow our comment guidelines , stay on topic, and be civil, courteous, and respectful of others’ beliefs.

Change your username:

I agree to abide by FP’s comment guidelines . (Required)

Confirm your username to get started.

The default username below has been generated using the first name and last initial on your FP subscriber account. Usernames may be updated at any time and must not contain inappropriate or offensive language.

Sign up for Editors' Picks

A curated selection of fp’s must-read stories..

You’re on the list! More ways to stay updated on global news:

The Day After Iran Gets the Bomb

Could ghana be jihadists’ next target, georgia set to approve controversial foreign agents bill, the united states has a keen demographic edge, who is russia’s new defense minister, editors’ picks.

• 1 No, This Is Not a Cold War—Yet
• 2 Peru Learns to Read the Fine Print in China Deals
• 3 The Day After Iran Gets the Bomb
• 4 China and the U.S. Are Numb to the Real Risk of War
• 5 Could Ghana Be Jihadists’ Next Target?
• 6 How Joe Biden Sabotaged the ‘Rules-Based Order’

What Happens the Day After Iran Gets a Nuclear Weapon

Could ghana be sahel jihadists' next target, america has a demographic edge over russia and china, who is andrei belousov, russia's new defense minister, more from foreign policy, saudi arabia is on the way to becoming the next egypt.

Washington is brokering a diplomatic deal that could deeply distort its relationship with Riyadh.

What America’s Palestine Protesters Should and Shouldn’t Do

A how-to guide for university students from a sympathetic observer.

No, This Is Not a Cold War—Yet

Why are China hawks exaggerating the threat from Beijing?

The Original Sin of Biden’s Foreign Policy

All of the administration’s diplomatic weaknesses were already visible in the withdrawal from Afghanistan.

Peru Learns to Read the Fine Print in China Deals

China and the u.s. are numb to the real risk of war, what does america want in ukraine.

Sign up for World Brief

FP’s flagship evening newsletter guiding you through the most important world stories of the day, written by Alexandra Sharp . Delivered weekdays.

The Foreign policy of Pakistan: issues, challenges, and solutions

• Naseem khan
• January 28, 2022
• CSS , CSS Solved Pakistan Affairs , Current Affairs , Featured , Opinions , Pakistan's Domestic Affairs , Pakistani Society , PMS
• 41774 Views

The foreign policy of Pakistan: issues, challenges, and solutions | Best for CSS, PMS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, and Essay Papers

The answer is solved on the given pattern, which  Sir Syed Kazim Ali  teaches to his students, who consistently score the maximum because of their attempting the questions. The content is based on historical facts taught by Miss Nirmal Hasni , current affairs coach and Sir Rameez Ch Pakistan Affairs coach helping aspirants for years.

Introduction

With various issues: political instability, less coordination among state institutions, and poor economy, it can be contesting for Pakistan to manage its internal and external challenges, like the Kashmir problem, the US-India nexus, the arm-race in South Asia and establishing peace in Afghanistan. However, to make itself influential based on its foreign policy in the competitive world, Pakistan has to maintain good relations with its neighbours, confidence in all super-powers, and curb non-state actors.

What is meant by the foreign policy?

The foreign policy of Pakistan

Fundamental principles of Pakistan’s foreign policy

• To protect its sovereignty
• To maintain good relations with the Muslim world
• To observe the principle of non-interference
• To implement the UN Charter
• To support self-determination

Current scenario of Pakistan foreign policy

Challenges to Pakistan’s foreign policy

• Existing political instability
• Increasing Balochistan conundrum
• Prevailing terrorism and sectarianism
• Non-solving Kashmir problem
• Growing nexus of US-India
• Hanging sword of FATF
• Defaming the international Image of Pakistan
• Establishing peace in Afghanistan

Issues in Pakistan foreign policy

• The minimum coordination among state institutions
• The issue of incompetent policymakers
• The presence of inept leadership
• The burden of geographical location
• The enigma of religious fundamentalism

Way forward

• To maintain good relations with all neighbours
• To initiate a balanced approach toward the Middle East countries
• To give equal weightage to all superpowers
• To refrain from interference in internal affairs of other countries
• To promote political stability
• To boost the economic condition
• To curb non-state actors

Critical analysis

Conclusion 

Answer to the Question

Nothing in this globalized world for a modern country is as important as sound foreign relations to secure its geographical, economic, and ideological interests. Living in isolation is no more in the interests of a country. Therefore, every developed or developing country has to formulate a peaceful and objective-oriented foreign policy keeping in view its national interests. Being a developing country, Pakistan enjoys its own effective and productive foreign policy based on its security and economic motives. It entertains cordial relations with all countries of the world. However, Pakistan faces several challenges regarding its foreign relations regarding the Kashmir issue, Indian aggressiveness, war-torn Afghanistan, the Middle East crisis, and a few more. These hurdles seem impossible to be managed by Pakistan in the presence of multiple issues such as fragile policies, a weak economy, a vulnerable geographical location, and the presence of non-state actors. In short, if Pakistan intends to formulate a successful foreign policy and manage its internal and external impediments, it has to eradicate all issues related to its economic, political, and ideological interests.

“Domestic policy can only defeat us; foreign policy can kill us.”  John F. Kennedy

Foreign policy is the total of objectives, principles, and interests that a state keeps in view establishing its peaceful relations with other countries. Professor Joseph Frankel has aptly said, “Foreign policy consists of decisions and actions that involve relations between one state and others to some appreciable extent.” Moreover, it reflects domestic policies by which a country extends its relations to other sovereign nations. That is why the foreign policy of one state has profound effects on the neighbouring countries. Hence, Pakistan should make itself a stable country economically and politically to establish sound interactions with other countries.  

Having hostile neighbours on both eastern and western sides, Pakistan’s foreign policy is mainly revolved around its key concerns, such as preserving its sovereignty, protecting its territorial integrity, and promoting the well-being of its people through economic development. Besides, Pakistan believes in maintaining good relations with all other countries on the basis of equality. Moreover, Pakistan has been the focal point of international politics owing to its geographical location. Being a gateway connecting many countries, Pakistan’s foreign policy can determine the fate of the region and affect international stability. Hence, Pakistan should formulate a peaceful foreign policy to secure its national interests in the best possible way.

“Success in foreign policy, as in carpentry, requires the right tool for the job.” Richard N. Haass

Fundamental principles of Pakistan’s foreign policy 

Being a self-reliant state, the foreign policy of Pakistan is based on some essential principles. In the first place, Pakistan’s foreign policy at all costs ensures the sovereignty and independence of the country. Pakistan is the outcome of the great sacrifices of millions of Muslims, and that is why freedom of the country has become an integral part of its foreign policy. Second, Pakistan always seeks to maintain strong relations with all Muslim countries. For this very purpose, Pakistan has joined many organizations of Muslim countries to enhance its relationship with them. Third, Pakistan’s foreign policy is based on the principle of non-interference; thus, it never meddles in the internal affairs of other countries unless they invite it. Fourth, Pakistan does not ignore the UN Charter while formulating its foreign policy. It always supports all the moves of the UN in true essence. Lastly, Pakistan’s foreign policy is based on the principle of self-determination. Hence, it fights orally for the independence of Kashmir and Palestine based on this very principle.   

Various internal and external challenges surround the foreign policy of Pakistan. Political instability in the country implements Pakistan’s foreign policy problematic for political stability is the hallmark of vibrant and efficient foreign policy. Moreover, the Balochistan issue is another internal hurdle in the way of Pakistan’s foreign policy. It limits the thinking capacity of policymakers because their minds stick to internal affairs only. Moreover, terrorism, extremism and sectarianism in the country have further jeopardized Pakistan’s foreign policy. Besides internal ones, external challenges are more dangerous as they directly influence Pakistan’s foreign policy development. The most crucial challenge among them is the Kashmir problem, for this very issue has been complicating the foreign relations of Pakistan and India since their independence. No one is ready to compromise on their interests related to Kashmir because it is the best water source for both of them. Furthermore, the US-India nexus and culture of the arms race in South Asia are giving a tough time to Pakistan’s foreign policy. Additionally, the sword of FATF, along with a bad image of Pakistan, are creating more impediments in the way of Pakistan’s foreign policy. Lastly, establishing peace in Afghanistan is the most exciting challenge for the Foreign Ministry of Pakistan. Hence, all these internal and external challenges contain the smooth progress of Pakistan’s foreign policy.

“How can I play baseball when I’m worried about foreign policy.” Charles M. Schulz

Issues in the foreign policy of Pakistan 

The foreign policy of Pakistan cannot protect the national interests of Pakistan properly in the presence of various issues. First, less or no coordination among the state institutions and intelligence agencies leaves Pakistan’s foreign policy at the mercy of the Foreign Ministry only. Thus, there remain many loopholes while formulating it. Second, incompetent policymakers and inept leadership frame opportunistic foreign policies that are not long-lasting; therefore, these policies are insufficient to attain the country’s national interests. Third, the geographical location of Pakistan makes it more complicated for the Foreign Ministry of Pakistan to analyze satisfactory regional and global changing interests. Lastly, religious fundamentalists inside the country influence Pakistan’s foreign policy for their vicious interests. In short, all these issues play a significant role in making Pakistan’s foreign policy directionless and problematic.  

Way forward 

Pakistan must take concrete measures to make its foreign policy vibrant and effective. In the first place, Pakistan should maintain better relations with all its neighbouring countries, especially India and Afghanistan. For this reason, Pakistan must at all costs resolve all its problems with these countries like the issue of Kashmir. Next to it, Pakistan has to adopt a balanced approach toward all Middle East countries. Therefore, it must engage itself with all these countries equally. Besides, Pakistan must take all superpowers of the world, especially the US, China, and Russia. All of them are equally important for preserving the national interests of Pakistan. Apart from it, Pakistan should not meddle in the internal affairs of other countries and always stick to the UN Charter.

Additionally, Pakistan has to improve its political stability to give extra focus to internal affairs. Furthermore, moving ahead, Pakistan must improve its economic condition to pursue good relations with other countries equally. Lastly, Pakistan must take stringent actions against all non-state actors roaming inside the country so that they cannot degrade the international image of Pakistan. In this way, Pakistan can make itself influential with the help of a vibrant and well-organized foreign policy in this competitive world.

“Here is my first principle of foreign policy: good governance at home.” William E. Gladstone

The foreign policy works as a building block for a country to initiate good relations with other countries. Without a durable and effective foreign policy, a country can’t engage itself successfully with other countries. Every country must change its foreign policy with time as there is no permanent friends or foe in the international arena. That is why Pakistan should maintain exemplary relations with other countries based on an objective-oriented foreign policy. In this way, Pakistan can secure its national interest abroad effectively.

To conclude, the foreign policy of Pakistan is surrounded by multiple challenges. These challenges make it difficult for Pakistan’s foreign policy to preserve the country’s national interest. That is why Pakistan is at loggerheads with many nations due to its short-sighted foreign policy. These hurdles cannot be managed fruitfully by Pakistan unless the existing issues related to foreign policy are resolved. Only then Pakistan can live peacefully with other nations based on its durable foreign policy, and it can protect its national interest in the best possible way.

Want to read CSS Pakistan Affairs Solved Past Papers and learn how to attempt them to score high? Let’s click on the link below to read them all freely. All past papers’ questions have been attempted by Sir Kazim’s students, who scored the highest in the subject. CSS Solved Pakistan Affairs

More Essays

Click on any to start reading the essay.

Want to read General Science & Ability Solved Past Papers to learn how to attempt them to score high? Let’s click on the link below to read them all freely. All past papers have been solved by  Miss Iqra Ali  &  Dr Nishat Baloch , Pakistan’s top CSS GSA coach having the highest score of their students.  General Science & Ability Solved Past Papers

Articles Might Interest You!

The following are some of the most important articles for CSS and PMS aspirants. Click on any to start reading.

Recent Posts

Top Categories

Cssprepforum, education company.

cssprepforum.com

Welcome to Cssprepforum, Pakistan’s largest learning management system (LMS) with millions of questions along with their logical explanations educating millions of learners, students, aspirants, teachers, professors, and parents preparing for a successful future. 

Founder:   Syed Kazim Ali Founded:  2020 Phone: +92-332-6105-842 +92-300-6322-446 Email:  [email protected] Students Served:  10 Million Daily Learners:  50,000 Offered Courses: Visit Courses  

More Courses

Basic English Grammar and Writing Course

Extensive English Essay & Precis Course for CSS and PMS

CSS English Essay and Precis Crash Course for 2023

Subscribe to our mailing list to receives daily updates direct to your inbox.

• CSS Solved Essays
• CSS Solved GSA
• CSS Solved PA
• CSS Solved Islamiat
• Current Affairs
• All Courses
• Writers Club
• All Authors
• All Members
• All Teachers
• Become an Author
• Who is Sir Syed Kazim Ali?
• Privacy Policy

CssPrepForum is Pakistan’s largest and greatest platform for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, SPSC, KPPSC, AJKPSC, BPSC, GBPSC, NTS, and other One Paper 100 Marks MCQs exams’ students. It has become Pakistan’s most trusted website among CSS, PMS students for their exams’ preparation because of its high-quality preparation material.

@ 2023 Cssprepforum. All RightsReserved.

Current Affairs of Pakistan 2023 (Pdf Download)

This Blog Post is about current affairs and political issues in Pakistan. It includes topics such as politics, law, education, healthcare, science and technology, culture, and sports that will help you to prepare for your PPSC, FPSC, NTS, or any competitive exam.

It can be tough to stay informed with everything going on in Pakistan, but it’s important to at least have a general understanding of what’s happening because these current affairs will help you in the preparation for any competitive exam.

Here are some of the biggest current affairs headlines of Pakistan that have been taken from the past months of 2022. These current affairs are also available in pdf.

Current Affairs of Pakistan in PDF 2023

26 december current affairs.

• The Gulf Cup 2023 will be held in Basra, Iraq
• Culf cup is a football competition
• International human Rights day celebrated on 10 December

2022 Current Affairs of Pakistan

• In which naval exercise, Pakistan, Israel, and Saudi Arabia have participated recently? International |Maritime Exercise] (IMX) 2022 (also known as |Cutlass|
• “Cutlass Express” is an 18-day biennial naval training event led by US Naval Forces. Total number of militaries participating in Cutlass Express 2022 was: |60| (including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia and Yemen)
• Current Saudi Army chief is Lieutenant General: |Fahd Bin Abdullah] Mohammed Al-Mutair (he’s on 3-day visit to India
• Which Australian all-rounder has left PSL-7? James |Faulkner] (and accused PCB of not paying contractual fee); he was playing for Quetta Gladiators
• Recently, pak govt, has annunced to provide million scholarships to bright studentsl? 2.6 mn| (of 28 billion ruppes)
• Which country’s PM recently said that “almost half on Indian parliamentarians have criminal charges? |Singapore| (PM Lee Hsien Loong)
• The current Chairperson of PSX (Pakistan Stock Exchange) is: Dr. |Shamshad| Akhtar New Test captain of India’s cricket team is: Rohit Sharma On 20 Feb 2022, which joint military exercise was started by Thailand & US? |”Cobra Gold”]
• On 19 Feb 2022, CM Punjab left for 3-day visit to: |Dubai|
• General Qamar Javed Bajwa is currently on an official visit to: |Belgium|
• Which TV journalist shot dead recently (on 18 Feb)? |Athar| Mateen
• TASS news agency belongs to: |Russia|
• France withdrew its troops from Mali recently. French troops have been fighting against Islamist militants in the country since: |2013|
• Current German Foreign Minister is: Annalena [Baerbock]
• 2024 Summer Olympics will be hosted by: |France |(in Paris
• Paris Olympics (2024 Summer Olympics) are scheduled to take place from: [26] |July to 11 August] 2024
• On 19 Feb |1473, Nicolaus Copernicusl (1473-1543) was born in Poland. He gave Heliocentric theory (sun is centre, not earth)
• On 19 Feb |2008, Fidel Castrol (1926-2016) resigned as President of Cuba
• On 19 Feb |1 997, Deng Xiaopingl (or Xixian) died at age of 92. He’s famous for his economic reforms in 1978 On 19 Feb |1978, “The Feminine Mystique”! by Betty Friedan was published. It was a catalyst for 2nd wave of Feminism
• The US added which Chinese e-commerce to “notorious markets for counterfeiting and piracy” list? [AliExpress] (by Alibaba) & |WeChat| (by Tencent Holdings) p The 58 th Munich Security Conference was started today on 18 Feb 2022. Its central debate was about: jukraine lerisis, |Food crisis] in Sahel (African countries between Sahara to Sudanian Svanna, Iran’s |2015 nuclear deal] ,
• First G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor Meeting 2022 started on 17 Feb & end on: |18 Feb| 2022                ’
• The current Chairman of G-20 is: |joko Widodo| (President of Indonesia) p The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. When was it founded? 26 September, |1999|
• Headquarters of G-20 is in: |Cancun| , Mexico
• WHO will enable which 6 African countries first to produce their own mRNA vaccine Covid-19? [Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tunisia| p Current DG of WHO (World Health Organization) is? [Tedros| (Ethiopia) p WHO was formed in: |7 April 1948| (Total members are 194)
• Which life-threatening storm hit UK (esp. London) on18 Feb 2022? Storm [”Eunice’j (it is country’s worst storm in last 3 decades)
• Oscars 2022 (94th Academy Awards) will be held on: |27 March] at Dolby Theatre ( |”The Power of the Dog”| film has got most Oscar nominations) p India-UAE summit (virtual) was held on: |1 8 Feb[ 2022
• Due to global warming, how many marine species are in danger? |45,000| species (A research by University of Queensland) p In 2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts case, how many people have been death sentenced recently? [38] (out of 49)
• On 18 Feb 2022, SBP (State Bank of Pakista) issued Rs70 Commemorative coin to mark 70th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations b/w: [Germany and Pakistani p
• On 18 Feb |193O, Pluto was discovered! by Clyde Tombaugh (24-year old American with no formal training in Astronomy)
• 6 th EU-AU (European Union-African Union) Summit held in: [Brussels] (17 18 Feb)
• “Ehsaas Rashan Riayat” will be inaugurated on: |1 9 Feb| 2022
• On 18 Feb |1931, Toni Morrison| (1931-2019) was born in Ohio. She was first American-African to win Nobel Prize in Literature (1993). Her famous writings are: The Bluest Eye (1970), Beloved (1987), Song of Solomon (1977), Jazz (1992) p On 18 Feb |l 546, Martin Luther] (1483-1546), leader of Protestant Reformation, died
• On 18 Feb |2007, Samjhauda Express bombings] occurred in Panipat, Haryana
• On 18 Feb 2022, India will sign a trade & investment deal with: |UAE|
• PUAE (United Arab Emirates) is a federation of: |7 Emirates|(Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah and Ras Al-Khaima)                  
• Bill Gates was awarded Hilal-e-Pakistan by President Alvi on: |17 Februaryl 2022
• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was formed in: |2000| Microsoft Corporation by Bill Gates & his childhood friend Paul Allen on: |4 April) 1975
• Current PM of Italy is: |Mario Draghi)
• The 58 th Munich Security Conference will be held from: |18 -20 Februaryl 2022 P Builders have found 2,000-year-old Roman cemetery (20 decorated graves) in: |Gaza| P The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. When was it founded? § |September|, 1999 . Rupiah is the currency of: |lndonesia|
• Gail Halvorsen (US ‘candy bomber’ pilot) died on: |17 Feb| 2022 (at age of 101); he as a pilot introduced the idea to drop candies & toys for children
• Current U.S. Treasury Secretary (Finance Minister) is: |Janet Yellen]
• On 17 Feb |1979, China invaded Vietnaml P ‘On 17 Feb |2008 Kosovo) (capital: Pristina) got independence; (Independence Day) P Libyan |Revolution| Day in Libya is: |17 February] (in 2011 revolt against Gaddafi) bn 17 Feb |1843, The British occupied Sindh| province after victory in Battle of Miani On 17 Feb 1|8O1, Thomas Jefferson was elected] as US President
• Ukraine marked “Day of Unity” on: |16 February) 2022 (on pull out of Russian troops)       -Join OUrpaid whatsapp group: 03014361716
• Current head of US Pacific Air Forces is: Kenneth |Wilsbach|
• 41 st edition of Asian Champions League (football competition) will be played from 1 March 2022 to|: 29 November) 2022
• AFC (Asian Football Confederation) Champions League was formed in: |1967| p Total teams in Champions League are: |40] (Most successful team is: Al-Hilal) p Minsk is the capital of which European Country? |Belarus|
• Current President of European Council Charles |Michel|
• Which country’s President will visit Pakistan on 3 March 2022? |Uzbek| President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
• European Space Summit 2022 was held on: |16 February! p Global Disability Summit was held on: |16—17 February! 2022
• According to the World Justice Project, Pakistan’s ranking is: |13O| (out of 139 countries)
• According to ECP, Local Govt. Elections in Punjab will be held on: |29 May) 2022 p On 16 February |1941, Kim Jong-il| (North Korea leader—father of current President Kim Jong-un) was born
• On 16 Feb |2005 Kyoto Protocoll (signed in 11 Dec 1997) was implemented to reduce global warming & greenhouse gases; it was expired in Dec 2012
• On 16 Feb |1959 Fidel Castro became PM| of Cuba & later President in 1976-2008
• On 16 Feb |1971 Karakoram Highwayl (China-Pak) was opened p On 16 Feb |2016, Boutros Boutros-Ghali died). He was only Muslim UN Secretary General (1992-1996) from Egypt
• On 16 Feb |1949, Israel’s 1 st unicameral parliament “Knesset”~|started in Jerusalem                        
• on 16 Feb |1918 Lithuania’s Act of Independence! was signed; Independence Day
• Which country’s President will have a rare visit to Turkey in this week? |lsraeli| President Isaac Herzog (first Presidential visit since 2010)
• “Raast” person-to-person (P2P) instant digital payment system was launched on: ,15 February 2022| (first phase of Raast, Bulk Payments was started in Jan 2021)
• Ukraine President Zelenskyy declared    “the Day of Unity”? |16 Feb| 2022 p A rocket, 2014-065B, which will hit & crash into the Moon on 4 March 2022, was sent by: |China|
• Olaf Scholz (German Chancellor) met Putin (Russian President) in Mascow on: |l| 02022 .
• Ukraine has relocated its embassy (capital) from Kyiv: to 0|
• World Sustainable Development Summit will be held 16-18 Feb 2022 in: |lndia| P Theme 2022 of World Sustainable and Equitable Future is: [“Towards a Resilient, |Planet: Ensuring a Sustainable and Equitable Future”,
• On 15 February ,1564, Galileo, (Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician) was born.                        
• On 15 Feb ,1989, Soviet Union| , under Mikhail Gorbachev, withdrew its last troops from Afghanistan (after Soviet invasion in 1979)
• On 15 Feb ,1978, Leon Spinks, defeated Muhammad Ali to become the heavyweight boxing champion of the world p On 15 Feb ,1965, Canada adopted Mapie, Leaf Fl ag
• Currently, largest producers of palm oil are: |lndonesia| (1 st ) & Malaysia (2 nd ); Both produce 84% of world palm oil
• Rouble is the currency of: |Russia| (while Rand is the currency of South Africa) p Who is No. 1 tennis player? |Novak Djokovic! (Serbia) while 2nd is: Daniil Medvedev (Russian) According to ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) rankings 2022 ‘
• Which country’s President visited UAE for the first time in a decade? Turkey
• Israeli PM Minister Naftali Bennett became the first ever Israeli leader to visit: |Bahrain| (on 14 Feb 2022)
• Iran’s Interior Minister Dr Ahmad Vahidi arrived in Pakistan on: |14 Feb| 2022 p Which football legend has been re-shifted to hospital for chemotherapy? |Pele| (Brazil) suffered from colon cancer; Pele is also considered the greatest footballer;
• IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) started review water release from damaged nuclear plant of: |Fukushima Daiichi |Nuclear Power Plant, Japan (Fukushima nuclear disaster took place at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 due to earthquake and tsunami)
• World’s worst nuclear disaster both in terms of casualties and implications for the environment and global economy is: |Chernobyl disaster |(1986). 2nd worst is Fukushima disaster 2011
• Asia’s biggest airshow will be held in: |Singapore| (from 15 to 18 Feb 2022)
• Which French ice dancers have won Olympic gold? Gabriella |Papadakis| & Gillaume |Cizeron|
• According to Australia, which animal has become ‘endangered’ species on earth? |Koalas| (due to the impact of bushfires, land-clearing, drought and disease.)
• On 14 Feb 2022, Senate passed: [“Transplantat i on of Human Organs, Tissues! l(Amendment) Bill, 2021”]     ‘               .
• Current CEO of RUDA (Ravi Urban Development Authority) is: |lmran Amin|
• Recently, which Pakistan navy ship visited Port Muscat, Oman? ASLAT
• On 14 Feb |1989, against Salman Rushdie, Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini! issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to execute author Salman Rushdie who wrote book “The Satanic Verses                   
• On 14 February |1779, Captain James Cook| (British explorer & navigator) was killed by inhabitants of Hawaii over theft of a cutter (by Hawaiians) at Kealakekua Bay; Cook was the first to make map of New Zealand & Great Barrier Reef of Australia ‘
• On 14 February |2019, Pulwama attack! in Indian-occupied Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) took place.
• Rouble is the currency of: |Russia| (while Rand is the currency of South Africa)
• Who is No. 1 tennis player? |Novak Djokovic| (Serbia) while 2nd is: Daniil Medvedev (Russian) Accoraing to ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) rankings 2022 •
• Iran’s Interior Minister Dr Ahmad Vahidi arrived in Pakistan on: |14 Feb] 2022
• Which football legend has been re-shifted to hospital for chemotherapy? |Pele| (Brazil) suffered from colon cancer; Pele is also considered the greatest footballer;
• World’s worst nuclear disaster both in terms of casualties and implications for the environment and global economy is: |Chernobyl disaster |(1968), 2nd worst is Fukushima disaster 201
• On 14 Feb 2022, Senate passed: [“Transplantation of Human Organs, Tissues| l(Amendment) Bill, 2021 ”|
• On 14 Feb |l 989, against Salman Rushdie, Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini] issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to execute author Salman Rushdie who wrote book “The Satanic Verses”                                                
• On 14 February |1779, Captain James Cook] (British explorer & navigator) was killed by inhabitants of Hawaii over theft of a cutter (by Hawaiians) at Kealakekua Bay; Cook was the first to make map of New Zealand & Great Barrier Reef of Australia
• On 14 February |2019, Pulwama attack| in Indian-occupied Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) took place.
• Which cricketer has left PSL-7 due to chronic back pain? |Shahid Afridi]
• Current President of Germany is: Frank-Walter |Steinmeier| (from Social Democrats party); he’s been re-elected on 13 Feb 2022
• FIFA Club World Cup 2021 was played on 3-12 Feb 2022 in: [Uae]
• How many teams participated in FIFA Club World Cup 2021? |7 teams| (Winner team is: Chelsea Football Club) ‘
• Current Secretary General of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) is: |Mathias Cormann| (Headquarters OECD 1961 is Paris)
• Current President of Brazil is: |Jair Bolsonaro| (he’ll visit Russia on 15 Feb 2022)
• Turkmenistan’s snap Presidential election will be on: |12 March| 2022 p Which mobile network company has launched “|Garaj|” cloud platform? |jazz|
• Current Naval Chief is: Amjad Khan Niazi (he visited Tunisia recently)
• KLM airline belongs to: Netherland
• Current |lnterior Minister) of Iran is: Dr. [Ahmed Vahidi] (he’ll visit Pak on 14 Feb) p Current Minister for Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony is: Pir |Noorul Haq] |Qadri |(he has purposed recently to celebrate “International Hijab Day” on 8 March)
• Current Federal Ombudsman of Pakistan is: |Ejaz Ahmad Qureshi|
• On 13 Feb |1689, William (III) and Mary (II) became king| and queen of England, after Glorious Revolutionc
• On 13 February |1997, France became nuclear power| by detonating its first atomic bomb in the Sahara desert    ‘
• On 13 Feb |1883, Richard Wagner |(German Composer) died in Venice,
• World |Radio| Day is: |13 February] (its theme 2021 is: “Radio and Trust”)
• US has announced to re-open embassy in: |Solomon Islands! (a country in Oceania)
• Capital of Solomon Islands is: |Honiara| (its currency is Dollar)
• China approved Pfizer COVID pill: |Paxlovid|
• Headquarters of Both International Hockey Federation (IHF) + International Olympic Committee (IOC) are in: [Lausanne!, Switzerland (IOC was formed in 1894 by [Pierre de Coubertin, in Paris
• Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group II deals with: [impacts, Adaptationand Vulnerability!
• Which film has received maximum nominations at the 94th Academy Awards? The | Power of the Dog,(94 Academy Awards 12 Nominations)
• Which country organized One Ocean Summit from 9-11 Feb 2022? [France]
• Which two journalists were detained by Aghan Taliban? |Andrew North| & Peter Jouvenal (they’re now released)
• Nokia will launch first Smart City Pilot Project in Pakistan at: |Lahore| p On 12 Feb |1809, Abraham Lincoln was born, in Kentucky ‘Birth anniversary)
• On 12 Feb |1818, Chile declared! independence from Spain
• On 12 Feb ,1804, Immanuel Kant| (German Philosopher) died.

Sorry to inform you that the above pdf file links have been removed by some issues. We are trying to recover pdf links

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• CSS Syllabus 2025 |
• Past Paper MCQs |

CSS Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs Important Topics For 2022.

Css essay, current affairs, pakistan affairs important topics for 2022.

Here, you will have all the essential topics of English Essay, Current Affairs and Pakistan affairs for CSS and PMS Exams 2023. These are the CSS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, International relations and English Essay 2023 Guess Questions For the upcoming CE-2023 made by the qualified CSSMCQs team members while keeping in review all the major aspects of the Current scenarios. Insha’ALLAH, you will have 4-8 same nature questions in your real exam papers of PA, CA and IR and English Essay 2023. You can practice these questions right away, however, it will be updated with the lapse of time.

• ➤ CSS  Current Affairs Guess Paper For 2022 By CSS MCQs [ 35% Paper came from this guess paper… CHECK HERE ]

Important Topic for CSS and PMS Exams 2022

Download in PDF

1) Inflation:

• Ukraine war and Inflation.
• Climate change, factor of inflation.
• Covid-19, and Supply chain disruption.
• Inflation in Pakistan
• Inflation, the way forward.

2) The Crisis Of Energy:

• Ukraine war and Energy Crisis.
• The issue of oil production.
• The Crisis of Energy in Pakistan.
• Energy Crisis, the way forward.

3) Islamophobia:

• Hiduvata Vs Islamophobia.
• Political gains and Islamophobia.
• Islamophobia and OIC.
• Potential Impacts of Islamophobia.
• Academic approach, the way forward.
• Tackling the issue of Islamophobia.

4) Climate Change:

• Climate Justice.
• Climate Change and The Economic Cost.
• Climate Emergency and its consequences
• Climate Crisis And Pakistan, 2022 Floods.
• Climate struggle, Impact of international conflicts.
• IPPC 6th Assessment Reports, Working Groups 1,2 &3.
• COP 26 Successes
• COP 27 and Way forward

5) Water Crisis.

• Manifestation, and Reports.
• Climate and Water Crisis.
• Dames, the Way Forward.
• Water Policies.
• Management of Water Resources.
• Potential Impacts and Recommendation.

6) Foreign Policy

• Geo-Political Dynamics, opportunity and challenges of Pakistan foreign policy.
• The Concept of independent foreign policy.
• Climate and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
• The challenge of Balancing ties between major powers.
• Energy crisis and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
• National security policy 2022-26, and foreign policy.
• International conflicts, and Pakistan foreign Policy.
• The challenges, IMF and FATF.

7) Afghanistan Issue:

• Taliban Govt., and Pakistan Concerns
• The role of OIC in Taliban recognition.
• Afghanistan, the issue of Human rights.
• Afghanistan Economic Collapse .
• Humanitarian Crisis.
• Tehreek e Taliban ( TTP)

8) Financial Action Task Force.

• What Pakistan lost due to its position on Gray list.
• Politicization of FATF.
• Role of Diplomacy in FATF.

9) Food Insecurity.

• World Population Reaches 8 Billion, U.N. Says. The rapid population growth has been driven by the world’s poorest countries and they are confronting food insecurity, how to mitigate these crises?
• International conflicts, and food insecurity.
• Climate change and food insecurity.
• Covid-19, and Food insecurity.
• Food insecurity, and Pakistan.
• Food insecurity the way forward.

10) Russian_Ukraine Crisis.

• Potential impacts on Pakistan.
• Energy Aspect of Russian_Ukraine Crisis
• Food security and Russian_Ukraine Crisis.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis and Nuclear option.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis and new new blocs.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis, the information warfare

11) Indo-Pacific:

• IPEF, pivot to Asia 2.0 and CPTPP AND RECEP.
• The crisis in Taiwan, New developments.
• USA, the strengthening of Indian Defense.
• Developments in South China Sea.
• $600, Partnership for global infrastructure.

12) The Emerging New World Order.

• The war in Ukraine and new world order.
• Sino-Russian, unlimited friendship.
• Strengthening of BRICS.
• Competition in Indo-Pacific.
• US Sanctions and New Payment Systems.
• Energy , factor in new world order.

13) The Decline of USD.

• Tough US sanctions, finding alternative payments.
• New payment systems, CIPS, SPFS, UPI.
• Yuan-Ruble trade.
• Indian rupee-rubble
• BRICS Business Forum, Putin proposal of New Trading Currency,
• Condition of Rubble Payment for Russian Gas.

14) Political Instability:

• Leading causes.
• Potential Impacts.

15) Constitutional Crisis:

• Developments and Judiciary Role.
• Constitutional Crisis and Development

16) Economic Crisis of Pakistan

• Political instability.
• Climate impacts on the Economy.
• Role of FATF Gray list.
• Structural issue.
• Issues of Industrial and Agricultural sectors,

17) Electoral Reforms.

• Facts and Observation.
• Obstacles in making reforms.
• EVMs and Its issues.
• i-voting, Criticism.

18) National Security Policy 2022-26.

• Description of NSP.
• Importance of NSP.
• Criticism of NSP.

19) The Crisis of Overpopulation.

• Manifestation, UN world population prospects 2022.
• A crisis of negligence.
• Responsible factors.
• Making population productive, investments in Hum. Resources.
• Urbanization and potential Impacts of overpopulation.

20) International Monitoring Fund, IMF.

• The eternal issue of BoP.
• IMF, the Lifeline.
• Drawbacks of IMF Funding.
• Way forward

21) Single National Curriculum (SNC) and Pakistan

• Is SNC implemented in Pakistan?
• What are the benefits of single national curriculum in Pakistan?
• Which curriculum is followed in Pakistan?
• What are the disadvantages of SNC?
• Analyzing the Pros and Cons of Single National Curriculum
• Single National Curriculum & Educational Disparities in Pakistan

Click below to download in PDF CSS Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs Important Topics For 2022.

Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Pakistan — Pakistan’s Current Affairs

Pakistan’s Current Affairs

• Categories: Pakistan

About this sample

Words: 972 |

Published: Apr 11, 2019

Words: 972 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Prof. Kifaru

Verified writer

• Expert in: Geography & Travel

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

5 pages / 2324 words

2 pages / 731 words

2 pages / 1096 words

3 pages / 1321 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Pakistan

One of the most important developments after the Second World War was the partition of the Indian Subcontinent into the states now known as Pakistan and India. The financial toll of the War had been too much for the British to [...]

Ghazal started from tenth century Persian refrain. Ghazals are for the most part articulation of adoration, detachment and dejection. It's far a beautiful articulation of each the agony of detachment of the preferred and the [...]

Water is clean, no one can unclean it except it changes its taste, smell and color. (Hadith) Same definition falls under Scientific figures for measuring water as above 1: e; cleanness, taste and odor. Pure water fulfills [...]

In a discussion with the United States and China in Beijing on April 24, 2003, North Korean officials admitted for the first time that they possessed nuclear weapons. North Korean officials claim to have reprocessed and [...]

North Korea is a dictatorship country that has limited resources but the people live below poverty and are constantly restricted from the outside world. The Kim Dynasty has established a government without the help of the United [...]

Re-education, a practice in Communist China where city youths are sent to rural villages in order for them to get in touch with the way of their ancestors and create a larger working class, may seem like a harmless system. [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

ICRC Pakistan Essay Writing Competition 2024

International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC Pakistan essay writing competition 2024 is going to be apprehended in June.  ICRC essay topics have been released along with the 1st prize, 2nd prize and 3rd prize. Candidates and students from schools, colleges, universities, medical practitioners, government servants, think tanks, journalists and NGOs can take a part. If you are also interested to take a part in this writing competition then you must submit a unique essay before till the deadline for submissions online. There are two topics have set to write and to submit on the email address which is written below. So if you have good grammatical, punctuation and story making skills in English then never hesitate to deliver your ideology for the very general and basic topics. Every year the ICRC essay competition is set to analyze the ability of Pakistani students about any current state of affairs. It collect big number of materials from candidates and after a deep analyzing and voting among authorities it deliver the prizes to those whose essay was written perfect with good and understandable English that is also comprises the essay topic in the best way according to the existing resources. So if you think that you can take a better part in the ICRC Pakistan essay writing competition 2024 then never ignore this chance. Scroll down this page to get the officials notification and advertisement.

ICRC Pakistan Essay Writing Competition 2024 Topics

There are two topics which are set to write for the ICRC Pakistan essay competition 2024. One can write on any of the one topics. But if he or she can write on both topics can also write and submit both topics.

• Trends of Violence Against Health Care Workers And Facilities

Last Date for Submission of Essay: 26th April 2024

ICRC Pakistan Essay Writing Competition 2024 Prizes

• 1st Prize: Rs. 80, 000/- (eighty thousand)
• 2 nd Prize: Rs. 60, 000/- (sixty thousand)
• 3 rd Prize: Rs. 40, 000/- (Forty thousand)

Who is Eligible For This ICRC writing Competitions 2024

Without any restrictions and limitations of age, gender, class, qualification or professional field the following candidates can take a part in this International Committee of the Red Cross essay competition 2024.

• School, college and university teacher or student
• Medical practitioners
• Government officials
• Volunteers and officials associated with NGOs and INGOs
• Think Tanks
• Development Professionals and Philanthropists
• Journalists

How to Submit ICRC Pakistan Essay

Write your unique essay you can also take help from any of your senior or anyone but your essay must be unique (not copied). You have to write in PDF or you can write in MS word format and can convert it into pdf. Now send this PDF file of your written essay or essay send E-mail at [email protected] .

So this is all the details about ICRC Pakistan essay writing competition 2024 topics, prizes. I think this is complete information about ICRC essay competition 2024 but if still, you have any question in your mind you can call to “Muhammad Younis 03028510154”. You can also send your comment in the following comment box to get more details or to clear your confusion.

Related Articles

FPSC CSS Written Result 2024 Expected Date 21 December

Wifaq Ul Madaris Roll Number Slip 2024 1445 Hijri

Punjab University BA BSc Supplementary Admission 2024 Form, Fees, Schedule

Gujranwala Board Inter Supply Exams Form Submission Date 2024

I want to Know. Essay will be base on how many words??

Kaha to he 700 ..ajeeb awam pskistan di?

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Adblock Detected