essay on agriculture of haryana

Trend And Performance Of Agriculture Production In Haryana: An Empirical Analysis

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Agriculture held a significant position in Haryana's economic landscape, accounting for approximately 18-20 percent of the state’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) (PHDCCI, 2019). Moreover, it served as a crucial source of employment for a substantial segment of the population, primarily characterized by its emphasis on achieving high crop yields in staple crops such as wheat and rice. Therefore, the cultivation of labor-intensive high-value crops has the potential to offer stable employment and income to a significant proportion of rural households that experience the serious issues of seasonal unemployment and underemployment within a mono-crop economy (Vaidyanathan, 1986; Chand & Singh, 2023). Haryana also pursued agricultural diversification, with a growing focus on sectors like horticulture and dairy farming (Rakshit, et al., 2021). The main crops grown in Haryana are expanding as a result of increased output levels brought about by the deployment of technology (Ramphul, 2012). Haryana’s main Rabi crops include wheat, tobacco, grams, linseed, rapeseed, and mustard. They are planted in late October or early November and harvested in March and April [1] . 86 percent of the land is arable, and 96 percent is under cultivation. Furthermore, nearly 75 percent of the region is irrigated by a large network of canals and tube Wells (Sharma et. al., 2018). Although one-fifth of the state is rain-fed, it is best suited for growing rapeseed and mustard, pearl millet, cluster beans, agro-forestry, and dry horticulture. Because irrigation is available throughout the bulk of the state, a rice-wheat production system is the most realistic alternative. Agroforestry, dairying, poultry, fishing, desert horticulture, mushroom farming, beekeeping, and other related industries have enormous potential, but they are also dependent on agriculture. A major factor in increasing farmers’ income is agricultural marketing because farmers in Haryana are required to sell their produce on the spot market. Agricultural marketing practices in India are unethical due to unjust rates and a lack of on-the-spot purchases for farmers.

Article Details

Research Scholar, Economics Department 

Dr. Sukhwinder Singh

Professor Department Of Economics  K.U. Kurukshetra (Iihs)

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Cropping systems of Haryana – Challenges and opportunities

• From International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
• Published on 08.07.23
• Download https://repository.cimmyt.org/bitstream/handle/10883/22640/66348.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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Haryana is bounded by the Shivalik Hills to the north, the Aravali Hills to the south, the Yamuna River to the east and the Thar desert to the west. The land slope is from north to south. The average topographic elevation is in the range of 700 to 950 feet above sea level. The state covers 1.4% (4.4 million hectares) of the country’s total geographical area. Nearly 70% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Haryana state, with its strategic fertile land, has a rich legacy of sustainable agricultural development, despite encountering many human-made and natural calamities over its long history. Its farmers have increased food grain production from 2.6 m tons in 1966–67 to 18.3 m tons in 2020–21. Increases in wheat and rice production during this period were eleven and sixteen-fold, respectively. Today, Haryana is self-sufficient in food production and the second largest contributor of food grains to the nation’s food basket. The predominant cropping systems practiced within the three ecologies of the state are the cotton–wheat cropping system (CWCS), pearl millet–mustard (PMCS) and rice–wheat (RWCS). In 2022, a landscape diagnostic survey (LDS) in parts of Sirsa and Hisar districts (for CWCS), Rewari and Mahendergarh districts(for PMCS) and Panipat, Yamunanagar and Kurukshetra districts (for RWCS) was initiatedunder the Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) programme. The twin objectives of this collaborative initiative were to (1) gain an understanding of the existing challenges and opportunities for these cropping systems in the region through a bottom-up approach, and (2) prepare students for a future career in agriculture by building their practical skills in digital agriculture and big data management. This publication documents the success of both these objectivesto a large extent. Data were collected from farming households by RAWE students using questionnaires, and thoroughly analysed using different analytical tools and techniques. Important data points about the region’s three crucial cropping systems have been recorded, using real-time data sourced directly from the farmers. Some of the data collectedindicated conditions beyond expectations, whilesome supported viewson emerging trends,and a few on the need for judicious system intervention. The survey has helped build student capacity to design and understand data collection methods and data analysis and management, combined with actual field exposure.Further, the qualitative data-gathering experience enabledstudent understanding of farmers’ perspectives when adopting or rejecting a particular technology or recommendation. Thispublication provides material for teaching, research,and extension. Many of the messages and lessons learned can be shared with research and extension streams in agricultural universities, with government extension divisions and Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) centres, and with the private sector. In the long run, this type of systems approach to building student capacity will encourage fieldwork and studies which support the development of solutions to tomorrow’s problems. Alongside this, the survey also marked GPS (geographical positioning system) coordinates which can be cross verified in future studies. In the short term, this publication will hopefully facilitate research and extension activities that address the concerns and desires of farming households, reflected in the discussions and conclusions sections of this publication. The entire design of this survey was based on farmers’ participatory engagement and the cropping system framework. The commitment of Haryana Agriculture University (HAU) to implementing a strong RAWE programme under the technical guidance of Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA), with support from district KVKs and student participation, has made this publication a powerful endorsement of and reference for similar RAWE programmes across the India’s states and centraluniversities.

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Traditional Agricultural Tools of Haryana, India -a record of ordinary people's lives

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Essay on Haryana – Short Essay, 10 Lines, 500 & 1000 Words

Essay on Haryana: The essay on Haryana delves into the rich cultural, historical, and socio-economic aspects of this northern Indian state. It explores Haryana’s unique identity, tracing its roots from ancient times to modern-day.

The article of Essay on Haryana provides insights into the state’s vibrant traditions, folklore, and historical landmarks, shedding light on Haryana’s pivotal role in shaping India’s cultural tapestry.

Additionally, the essay discusses the state’s agricultural prowess, industrial development, and contemporary challenges, offering a comprehensive understanding of Haryana’s multifaceted character and its significant contributions to the nation.

Table of Contents

Essay on Haryana in 10 Lines

The essay on Haryana encapsulates the state’s cultural richness, historical significance, and socio-economic landscape, exploring its traditions, landmarks, and contributions to India’s cultural and agricultural heritage.

• Historical Roots: Haryana, in northern India, has ancient historical roots.
• Cultural Richness: The state is renowned for its vibrant cultural traditions and folklore.
• Key Historical Role: Haryana played a crucial role in the history of India, witnessing various dynasties.
• Agricultural Powerhouse: It is a major contributor to India’s food production, known for agricultural prowess.
• Industrial Development: Haryana has seen significant industrial development, becoming an economic powerhouse.
• Historical Landmarks: The landscape is adorned with historical landmarks, reflecting its diverse heritage.
• Rural-Urban Mix: The state presents a blend of rural and urban areas, showcasing socio-economic diversity.
• Resilient People: The people of Haryana are recognized for their resilience and hardworking nature.
• Strategic Proximity: Its proximity to Delhi adds to its strategic importance in northern India.
• Balancing Tradition and Progress: Haryana continues to evolve, striking a balance between tradition and progress.

Also See – India of My Dreams Essay – 100, 500, 1000 Words, 10 Lines

Short Essay on Haryana in English

The short essay on Haryana provides a concise overview of the state’s rich history, cultural heritage, economic significance, and its role as a blend of tradition and progress in northern India.

Haryana, nestled in northern India, is a state steeped in history and cultural significance. Formed in 1966, it shares borders with Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Renowned for its vibrant folk culture, Haryana boasts traditional dance forms like Ghoomar, Phag, and Daph. The region is intertwined with the Mahabharata, with Kurukshetra being a prominent site.

The state’s economy thrives on agriculture, particularly wheat and rice cultivation, and it has emerged as an industrial hub, contributing significantly to India’s economy.

Haryana is often referred to as the “Home of Gods,” and its landscapes bear witness to the tales of ancient epics. With Chandigarh as its capital, Haryana stands as a dynamic blend of history, culture, and agricultural prosperity.

Essay on Haryana in 500 Words

The essay on Haryana in 500 words provides a comprehensive exploration of the state’s historical roots, cultural richness, economic significance, and the delicate balance between tradition and progress in northern India.

Haryana, a state in northern India, unfolds a tapestry of history, culture, and economic vitality. With roots tracing back to ancient times, Haryana has played a pivotal role in the historical narrative of the Indian subcontinent.

The region has witnessed the rise and fall of various dynasties, leaving behind a legacy of archaeological marvels and historical landmarks that dot its landscape. This historical richness lends a unique character to Haryana, showcasing a blend of tradition and modernity.

Culturally, Haryana is a treasure trove of vibrant traditions and folklore. The state’s festivals, dances, and music reflect the spirit of its people. Traditional art forms like Phag dance and Ragini music have endured the test of time, providing a glimpse into the cultural heritage deeply ingrained in the lives of Haryanvis. Festivals such as Teej and Holi are celebrated with exuberance, bringing communities together in joyous revelry.

Apart from its cultural vibrancy, Haryana holds immense significance in India’s economic landscape. The state is an agricultural powerhouse, contributing significantly to the nation’s food production. The fertile plains of Haryana yield a bountiful harvest of crops, making agriculture a cornerstone of its economy.

However, the state has also embraced industrialization, evolving into a key player in India’s economic growth. From manufacturing to information technology, Haryana’s industrial sectors contribute substantially to the country’s GDP.

Haryana’s economic success is mirrored in its urban and rural landscape. The state presents a unique juxtaposition of bustling urban centers and serene rural expanses. Cities like Gurgaon and Faridabad stand as epitomes of urban development, with modern infrastructure and thriving industries.

In contrast, the rural areas maintain a connection to the agrarian roots, depicting the coexistence of tradition and progress. This socio-economic diversity is a testament to Haryana’s ability to adapt and flourish in a rapidly changing world.

The resilience and hardworking nature of the people of Haryana are integral to its success story. Whether toiling in the fields or contributing to the corporate world, Haryanvis exhibit a tenacity that defines the state’s spirit. This spirit extends beyond the boundaries of Haryana, as many individuals from the state have made significant contributions to various fields at the national and international levels.

The strategic proximity of Haryana to the national capital, Delhi, further enhances its importance. The state serves as a significant hub for trade and commerce, and its accessibility makes it a preferred destination for businesses and industries. This strategic advantage has fueled Haryana’s economic growth and positioned it as a key player in the development trajectory of northern India.

In essence, Haryana is a state that encapsulates the essence of India’s diverse and dynamic landscape. It is a microcosm of history, culture, and economic progress, where tradition harmoniously coexists with modernity.

As Haryana continues to evolve, it stands as a shining example of how a state can preserve its heritage while embracing the winds of change, contributing meaningfully to the tapestry of the Indian nation.

Essay on Haryana in English in 1000 Words

The 1000-word essay on Haryana offers an in-depth exploration of the state’s historical, cultural, economic, and social facets, highlighting its journey from ancient times to a modern economic powerhouse in northern India.

Journey Through Time and Progress: An In-Depth Exploration of Haryana

Introduction

Haryana, a state in northern India, unfolds a compelling narrative that weaves through the annals of history, culture, economy, and society. This essay embarks on a comprehensive journey to uncover the multifaceted layers that define Haryana’s identity, from its ancient roots to its contemporary significance.

Historical Tapestry

Haryana’s history is a rich tapestry that stretches back to ancient times. This section delves into the archaeological wonders and historical landmarks that dot the landscape, showcasing the state’s pivotal role in shaping the Indian subcontinent.

• Ancient Roots: Haryana’s historical significance can be traced to the Vedic period, with mentions in ancient texts like the Mahabharata. This subsection explores the state’s ancient roots and its connections to legendary events and figures.
• Dynasties and Legacies: From the Mauryas to the Mughals, Haryana has witnessed the rise and fall of various dynasties. This part of the essay sheds light on the historical legacies left behind by rulers who once governed this region, leaving indelible imprints on its cultural and architectural heritage.
• Architectural Marvels: Haryana boasts architectural wonders like the Surajkund reservoir and the Sheesh Mahal. This section explores these structures, providing insights into their historical significance and the architectural prowess of the civilizations that once thrived in this region.

Cultural Mosaic

Haryana’s cultural landscape is a vibrant mosaic of traditions, rituals, and artistic expressions. This segment unveils the unique cultural identity that sets Haryana apart, celebrating its festivals, music, dance, and traditional arts.

• Festivals and Celebrations: Haryana’s festivals, such as Teej and Holi, are marked by joyous celebrations. This subsection explores the cultural significance of these festivals, delving into the customs and traditions that accompany them.
• Music and Dance Heritage: Traditional art forms like Phag dance and Ragini music have been passed down through generations. This part of the essay explores the musical and dance heritage of Haryana, illustrating how these art forms have become integral to the cultural fabric of the state.
• Folklore and Legends: Haryana is rich in folklore and legends that reflect the ethos of its people. This subsection delves into the captivating stories and legends that have been woven into the cultural tapestry of the state, shaping its collective identity.

Economic Dynamics

Beyond its cultural allure, Haryana is a significant player in India’s economic landscape. This section analyzes the state’s economic journey, from being an agricultural powerhouse to evolving into an industrial hub.

• Agricultural Prowess: The fertile plains of Haryana contribute significantly to India’s food production. This subsection explores the agricultural practices, innovations, and challenges that define the agrarian landscape of the state.
• Industrial Transformation: Haryana’s industrial development, particularly in cities like Gurgaon and Faridabad, has been a key driver of economic growth. This part of the essay examines the factors behind this industrial transformation, highlighting the sectors that have propelled Haryana into an economic powerhouse.
• Socio-Economic Diversity: The state’s socio-economic landscape is a delicate balance of urban and rural dynamics. This subsection explores how Haryana manages to maintain this diversity, providing a nuanced understanding of the state’s economic structure.

Urban-Rural Nexus

Haryana’s landscape is a testament to the coexistence of urban prosperity and rural traditions. This section delves into the dynamics of urban and rural life, examining how these contrasting elements contribute to the state’s overall character.

• Urban Centers: Cities like Gurgaon and Faridabad epitomize urban development, with modern infrastructure and thriving industries. This subsection explores the rapid urbanization in these centers, analyzing their impact on Haryana’s overall progress.
• Rural Traditions: Even as Haryana undergoes urbanization, its rural areas maintain a connection to traditional agrarian practices. This part of the essay highlights the resilience of rural communities and their contribution to the state’s cultural and economic identity.

Resilient Spirit

Central to Haryana’s success story is the resilience and hardworking nature of its people. This section explores the ethos of the Haryanvi people, examining how their tenacity has shaped the state’s trajectory.

• Contributions to Society: Individuals from Haryana have made significant contributions to various fields at the national and international levels. This subsection showcases notable personalities and their impact on fields such as sports, arts, and sciences.
• Community Bonding: The sense of community and collective responsibility is deeply ingrained in Haryana’s social fabric. This part of the essay explores how community bonding contributes to the state’s resilience and unity.

Strategic Importance

Situated in close proximity to the national capital, Delhi, Haryana holds strategic importance in trade and commerce. This section examines how the state’s accessibility has fueled economic growth and positioned it as a key player in northern India.

• Trade and Commerce Hub: Haryana’s strategic location makes it a preferred destination for businesses and industries. This subsection explores the state’s role as a hub for trade and commerce, analyzing the factors that contribute to its economic significance.
• Connectivity and Accessibility: The state’s connectivity, both road and rail, enhances its accessibility. This part of the essay delves into how robust infrastructure has played a pivotal role in Haryana’s economic development.

In conclusion, Haryana emerges as a dynamic state that transcends temporal boundaries, embracing its historical roots while navigating the currents of modernity. The essay unravels the layers of Haryana’s identity, showcasing a region that has seamlessly integrated tradition and progress to become a vibrant cornerstone of India’s cultural, economic, and social landscape.

Haryana stands as a testament to the harmonious coexistence of tradition and progress. From its ancient roots to its modern economic prowess, the state’s journey reflects resilience, cultural vibrancy, and economic dynamism.

Haryana’s historical landmarks, rich traditions, and contributions to agriculture and industry paint a nuanced picture of a state that continues to evolve while holding steadfast to its heritage. As Haryana strides into the future, it remains a compelling narrative of a region shaping the diverse tapestry of India.

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Essay on Haryana State for Students and Kids

Essay on Haryana: Hi Students, in this article I’m going to provide you with an Essay on Haryana in English , which will help to improve your writing skill. Haryana is the Northeastern State of India. Which is famous for its lush green environment.

Haryana is the state where the Vedas were composed. It is the land where the Kurukshetra war took place. The history of this holy land is very proud. Haryana is counted among the best states not only in history but even today. In my Haryana, Arjuna was taught the Gita by Krishna. Let’s see the article “Essay on Haryana state.”

Table of Contents

Essay on Haryana State in English in 150 words

Haryana is a very advanced state in India. This state is considered to be one of the wealthiest states in India. This state was situated on the northeast coast of India. It is the 20th largest state of India in terms of area. Therefore, the area is 44212 square kilometers.

Haryana is bounded on the northwest by the state of Punjab and the Union Territory of Chandigarh, on the east by the conditions of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, on the north and northeast by the state of UP and the Union Territory of Delhi, and on the south and southwest by the state of Rajasthan.

However, it was formed on November 1, 1966, after the bifurcation of the former state of Punjab into two separate states, Punjabi-speaking Punjab and Hindi-speaking Haryana. It is an agricultural state. Haryana contributes large wheat and rice to the central pool (a national stockpile system of surplus food grains).

In addition, the state produces significant amounts of cotton, rape and mustard seeds, pearl millet, chickpea, sugarcane, sorghum, maize (maize), and potatoes. Greenery seen everywhere in Haryana. The people here live together.

Even so, this is a charming state. Yamuna and Ghaghra are the major rivers flowing through Haryana. The traditional dress of Haryana is dhoti kurta for men and daman and Kurti for women, over which she wears a Qatari Sundari.

The main railway stations here are Ambala, Panipat, and Jakhal. There are a total of 22 districts. The official language of Haryana is ‘Hindi.’ The state animal of Haryana is a ‘black buck.’ The state flower of Haryana is the lotus. The state tree of Haryana is ‘Peepal.’ The state bird of Haryana is the ‘Black Pheasant.’

Essay on Haryana State in 250 words

In India, it is one of the wealthiest state. it is located in the North East of India. It is one of the richest states in India. Its capital is Chandigarh. It is an agricultural state. The main occupation of the people here is agriculture. Here irrigation was done agriculture instead of monsoon agriculture. Haryana has counted among the best states in history and even today.

Due to the greenery of Haryana state, its called Greenland of India. The area of ​​Haryana is 44212 square kilometers; it is the 20th largest state of India in terms of size. Along with agriculture, animal husbandry did here. Here you get to see animals in every house. The hardworking people here are compelling.

The great wrestling players like Geeta Phogat, Sushil Kumar, Sakshi Malik, and Bajrang Punia are from this state. The people of my state are brave, mighty, and courageous. He always thinks suitable for everyone. That’s why the example of unity can be seen in our state. My state has always held everyone’s head high.

And this state will always make everyone proud. In our country, a maximum number of tractors and motorcycles were manufactured in Haryana, due to which the entire income of this state comes from the business of means. In this state, you will see different types of fond tractors. Haryana has made remarkable progress in the field of education.

There are Kurukshetra and Rohtak universities in which higher education, research work, and medical and engineering education are also given. A country whose people are hardworking does progress. Today Haryana is also entering the modern era by embracing its antiquity, culture, and history, adopting the change, and assimilating the novelty.

A country whose people are hardworking does progress. Today Haryana is also entering the modern era by embracing its antiquity, culture, and history, adopting the change, and assimilating the novelty.

Essay on Haryana in English in 500 words

Any country’s existence has comprised of many villages and cities. Similarly, many provinces found in the building of our nation. The progress and development of a nation or country can judge by the progress of these regions, states, or provinces.

The conditions are not entirely separate even after taking their different form, but their significance lies with the nation only. Haryana is also an essential province of our country with its unique culture and identity.

Haryana has considered one of India’s very famous states. The state of Haryana has a part of the vast Indian state of Punjab, which separated from Punjab on November 1, 1966, due to the partition. Much progress has made at the agricultural and industrial levels in the state of Haryana. The state of Haryana has also called a farming state.

The history of Haryana state is very glorious. In ancient times, many such sites are build in Haryana, all these sites are term ancient sites in the present time, so there are many ancient sites present in Haryana in the current time.

In ancient times, more and more people of Harappan culture lived in the state of Haryana for many years. Near Fatehpur, in the form of Haryana, there is a mound on the dry bank of the Saraswati river, which gives many pieces of evidence of ancient cultures and civilizations.

Apart from all these, very ancient remains of Harappan power culture found in Bhagwanpur, i.e., Kurukshetra of ancient times; if one listens to ancient texts, the great culture of Haryana has considered being quite mention.

Haryanvi Language

Haryanvi language has appreciated as one of the most critical regional languages; this language is not a language but a dialect that belongs to the Indo-Aryan family. By the way, there are many accents in Haryanvi, which change according to different regions.

Although, Haryanvi language spoken in North Haryana is a bit simple, and Hindi-speaking people can understand it a little bit. The dialect spoken in South Haryana known as typical Haryanvi. Sometimes even the people of North Haryana do not understand this. Apart from this, many forms of the Haryanvi language group are prevalent in different regions like Bangar, Ranghari, etc.

Tourist centers located in the state of Haryana

The state of Haryana has industry, agriculture, sports talent, and many tourist places. At present, many tourist places have built-in Haryana. The center of the major tourist destination is located in the state of Haryana, and you will get to see all the people on the roads only.

While traveling from Delhi to Chandigarh, you will see many tourist centers like Blue Jay of Samalkha, Chakravarti Lake of Karnal, Red Robin of Gharaunda, Parfait of Pipli, etc. Along with this, you will see Badkhal Lake, Sultanpur’s bird marriage, and Sohna’s Barber cottage on the Faridabad-Faridabad road while going from Delhi to Agra considered to be a beautiful center.

Major River and State Boundaries

Many rivers flow in the state of Haryana of, our country. Yamuna River, Krishnavati River, Saraswati River, Tangri River, Dohan River, Markanda River, Indori River, Ghaggar River, Sahibi River, Rakshi River, etc are includes.

This state’s boundaries connected to many of India’s states like Punjab, Rajasthan, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, etc.

There are a total of 22 districts in Haryana.

• Charkhi Dadri
• Yamunanagar
• Mahendragarh
• Nuh District
• Kurukshetra

Above all is the states of Haryana but Chandigarh is the capital of this state, and the largest city in this state is Faridabad.

Therefore, Haryana state is one of the significant progressive states of India. Special attention given to Haryana’s agriculture, commerce, education, industry, sports, and health sectors. The cultural life of the state of Bihar has become the center of attraction there.

Similarly, the public life of Haryana lived in simplicity. The people of Haryana, known to be famous all over the world for being hardworking.

Frequently Asked Question on Haryana State

1. what is the capital of haryana.

Answer: The capital of Haryana is ‘Chandigarh.’ It is the capital of 2 states of India and a union territory. Chandigarh is the capital of Haryana, as well as Punjab, as well as a union territory itself. This city also called City Beautiful.

2. Which is the largest state of Haryana?

Answer: Bhiwani is the largest district of Haryana in terms of area. It was established on 22 December 1972 when it separates from Hisar. The name of its district headquarters is also Bhiwani. Its area is 5140 square kilometer.

3. Which is the language of Haryana?

Answer:  Hindi and Punjabi are the main spoken languages in Panchkula. Haryanvi is the state language, and most of the headquarters of Haryana’s head office, it becomes indispensable that a large part of Haryanvi come on posting or settle here. Hence Haryanvi language widely spoken and explained here.

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Karakat Lok Sabha Elections 2024: NDA Candidate Upendra Kushwaha Holds the Advantage Despite Pawan Singh's Star Power

T he Karakat Lok Sabha constituency is one of 40 parliamentary constituencies in Bihar. It is a General category seat and comprises parts of Aurangabad and Rohtas districts. Six Assembly segments fall under the Karakat Lok Sabha seat, five of which are currently held by the RJD (Nokha, Dehri, Goh, Obra and Nabinagar) and one by the CPI(ML) Liberation (Karakat).

Polling Date — June 1, 2024; Phase 7

Sitting MP – Mahabali Singh (JD-U)

Candidates — Upendra Kushwaha (Rashtriya Lok Morcha), Rajaram Singh CPI(ML) Liberation, Pawan Singh (Independent)

Political Dynamics

• With Bhojpuri star Pawan Singh’s entry into the Karakat electoral fray at the cost of his membership of the BJP, what was to be a bipolar contest in the seat has turned into a three-cornered fight in this south Bihar seat.
• Despite the NDA parties, including BJP and JD-U, not holding a single Assembly seat that falls under the Karakat Lok Sabha constituency, it is the alliance candidate Upendra Kushwaha who seems to have the advantage.
• NDA Banks on Kushwaha: In keeping with its seat-sharing deal in Bihar, the National Democratic Alliance’s nominee in Karakat is former Union minister and Rashtriya Lok Morcha chief Upendra Kushwaha.
• Kushwaha had previously won the constituency in 2014 general elections, beating RJD’s Kanti Singh and JD-U’s Mahabali Singh, who was the sitting MP. Kushwaha had polled 42.90% vote share.
• Tables were turned in 2019, however, with Mahabali Singh wresting the seat back for the JD-U, beating Kushwaha by 84,542 votes.
• With the JD-U returning to the NDA fold, Mahabali Singh has had to give up the seat for Upendra Kushwaha.
• Key Promises: During campaigning, Upendra Kushwaha has voiced concern over farmers of the constituency in particular and Bihar in general not getting minimum support price and being vulnerable to middlemen.
• Like several BJP candidates across India, Kushwaha too is banking on the popularity and welfare schemes of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Frosty Ties With Nitish: Kushwaha is known for his political acumen, but his political career was never stable nor was his relationship with off-again, on-again BJP ally Nitish Kumar.
• As a Samata Party member, Kushwaha’s first election win was from Jandaha in Vaishali district in 2000. He soon became the trusted person of Nitish Kumar.
• In 2004, the Samata Party merged into JD(U) and Nitish Kumar made him Leader of Opposition in Bihar Assembly.
• As his ambitions soared, Kushwaha’s relationship with Nitish Kumar nose-dived. In 2007, he left the JD(U) and formed the Rashtriya Samata Party in 2009. After a humiliating loss in Lok Sabha elections, he returned to Nitish Kumar who sent him to the Rajya Sabha.
• In 2013, he again quit the JD(U) over a dispute with Nitish Kumar on seat distribution. Kushwaha then formed the Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) and joined the BJP-led NDA.
• In 2014 general elections, during the Narendra Modi wave, the NDA gave Kushwaha’s party three seats, all of which the RLSP won. Upendra Kushwaha himself contested from two seats — Karakat and Ujiyarpur — and won both. He was made Minister of State for Human Resources.
• Around that time, Nitish Kumar distanced himself from the Mahagathbandhan and joined the NDA. Upendra Kushwaha objected to the inclusion of Nitish Kumar in the alliance, but as his concerns were brushed aside, he resigned from the ministerial post.
• He joined the Mahagathbandhan in 2019, but lost from Karakat and Ujiyarpur.
• In the 2020 Bihar elections, he formed an alliance with AIMIM and BSP. He was the CM face of the alliance, but his party performed badly and lost all seats. He himself lost the Assembly polls in 2020.
• In February this year, Kushwaha renamed his party to ‘Rashtriya Lok Manch’. With both now part of the NDA, Kushwaha and Nitish put up a show of unity on March 27. Sharing a photo on X, Kushwaha referred to Nitish as his “elder brother”.
• The task of keeping the two leaders from falling out again falls to the BJP which would not want the Kurmi and Kushwaha voters to look outside the NDA.
• Mahagathbandhan Challenge: As per the Mahagathbandhan seat-sharing, the Karakat seat is one of the three being contested by the CPI(ML) Liberation, which has fielded former MLA Rajaram Singh from this constituency.
• Rajaram Singh, two-time MLA from Obra Assembly constituency in Aurangabad district, is also from the Kushwaha community.
• The CPI(ML) Liberation has made recognition for Bhojpuri a major electoral plank in Bihar this time. It has questioned the alleged silence of NDA leaders in the state over the demand for inclusion of Bhojpuri in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution so that it can be accorded the status of an official language.
• Notably, majority of voters in Arrah and Karakat Lok Sabha constituencies, where CPI (ML) Liberation candidates are contesting, are Bhojpuri-speaking.
• Key Promises: In its election manifesto, the CPI (ML) Liberation has called for voting through ballot papers, abolition of the post of Governor, and right of voters to recall elected representatives, besides promising unemployment allowance and waiver of debts of farmers.
• In the manifesto, the party further said defections must invite automatic cancellation of their memberships from elected bodies.
• The party also said that rights to employment, nutrition, health and housing must be declared fundamental rights, the “discriminatory” CAA must be scrapped, and “any idea” of a Uniform Civil Code should be discarded.
• The party also called for scrapping of Aadhaar and all biometric-linked identification cards, besides ensuring universal access to all welfare schemes.
• Pawan Singh Disruption: What would have been a straight fight in Karakat is now a triangular jostle much to the displeasure of the BJP after Bhojpuri star Pawan Singh refused to withdraw his nomination from the Karakat seat.
• The BJP had earlier offered the Asansol seat in West Bengal to Pawan Singh, a native of Bhojpur district in Bihar, but he refused and filed his nomination on May 9, 2024, to contest the election from Karakat.
• Calling himself the ‘son of Bihar’, Singh paid no heed to public appeals from Union Minister RK Singh, who is seeking re-election from the neighboring Arrah seat, and Bihar minister Prem Kumar to withdraw his candidature against the official NDA nominee.
• Apprehensive that his nomination might be rejected, Pawan Singh even got his mother Pratima Devi to file nomination as an Independent from the constituency. She, however, withdrew her nomination eventually even as her son remained in the fray.
• The singer-turned-politician had reportedly sought a ticket from RJD before opting to contest independently.
• On May 22, the BJP finally expelled the Bhojpuri superstar for “tarnishing the party’s image” by contesting the Lok Sabha polls “against an authorised NDA candidate”.
• Singh, who appeared to take the development on the chin, came out with several cryptic posts on X. In one of the posts, he likened himself to the Mahabharata character Abhimanyu.
• Key Promises: Hours after being expelled from the BJP, Pawan Singh released his 10-point manifesto for the Karakat Lok Sabha constituency.
• His manifesto promises expanding new employment resources, promoting organic and modern agriculture, making proper arrangements for water collection, drinking water, and irrigation, building film industries etc.
• Caste Factors: The Karakat Lok Sabha seat has around 3.5 lakh Kushwaha voters, 3 lakh Yadav voters, 2 lakh Rajputs and 2 lakh Gupta voters. Besides, there is a sizable number of voters from the Bhumihar, Dalit, Mahadalit and Kurmi communities.
• Upendra Kushwaha is a prominent force in the Kushwaha Koeri community, which has around 7% voters in Bihar. Its numbers are higher than Kurmis, whose biggest leader is Nitish Kumar.
• A professor of Political Science, he went by the name ‘Upendra Singh’ earlier. It was on Nitish Kumar’s advice that he picked ‘Kushwaha’ to portray a natural representation of the Kushwaha community.
• The Kushwaha community has sizable population in districts like Rohtas, Kaimur, Bhojpur, Aurangabad, Khagaria, Nalanda, Munger, Samastipur, West Champaran and East Champaran.
• In 2019, Upendra Kushwaha may have lost the election from Karakat but received more than 3 lakh votes.
• Kushwahas form one half of the so-called Luv-Kush votes in Bihar, with ‘Luv’ referring to Kurmi votes. According to the latest Bihar caste survey, this segment accounts for 4.21% of Bihar’s population.
• The Kurmi vote-bank remains loyal to the NDA, but pockets of the Kushwaha votes are seen leaning towards the Mahagathbandhan, which has fielded seven Kushwaha candidates overall in the state, including from Karakat.
• The possibility of a stark split in Kushwaha votes is, however, remote since the community is known to hold meetings and sabhas before elections to decide on the consensus candidate to vote for. The community usually goes with the candidate of the same caste, irrespective of the party.
• Singer Pawan Singh, meanwhile, belongs to an upper-caste community. But he enjoys a big fan following in the rural areas of Bhojpur, Rohtas, Aurangabad, and Kaimur.
• Upper-caste voters are considered to be the core vote bank of the BJP. Pawan Singh may eat into this vote-bank to the disadvantage of NDA candidate Upendra Kushwaha.

Key Constituency Issues

• Revival of Dalmianagar Industries: Dalmianagar in Rohtas district once had one of the oldest and biggest industrial set-ups in India, founded by industrialist Ramkrishna Dalmia, a doyen of business in 20th century India and founder of the Dalmia Group.
• Factories here used to produce sugar, cement, paper, chemicals, vanaspati, etc. and was one of the largest employers of professionals in the country.
• However, as fortunes of the Dalmia Group started to decline amid worsening law and order situation in the district, middle management employees and professionals started to leave and by 1984 factories began shutting down. By the 1990s, Dalmianagar was reduced to a ghost-town.
• Locals have been demanding that the industrial town be restored to its former glory with corporate investments that focus on job and local wealth creation.
• The lack of local jobs and employment opportunities has been setting the youth back by decades and forcing them to migrate in search of jobs.
• Sand Mining: Much of the sand mining around Son River is said to be illegal. With jobs hard to come by, several youth have been roped into the activity which remains unregulated, dangerous and exploitative.
• Locals say the MP and MLAs should be doing more to curb illegal mining and regulate it so the jobs created by sanctioned sand mining come with minimum wage and standard of employment guarantees.
• Higher Education: Avenues for post-graduation in one’s preferred subject are hard to come by in this constituency with most higher education institutions offering just History degrees.
• After completing graduation, youth are forced to relocated to Gaya or Arrah to pursue post-graduation.
• Girls end up at a disadvantage as families are reluctant to send them to other cities for studies. Many either drop out or compromise on the subject.
• Official Status for Bhojpuri: Bhojpuri is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand as well as in some parts of Nepal.
• The demand to include Bhojpuri in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution so that it can be accorded the status of an official language is a long-pending one.
• Majority of voters in the Karakat constituency are Bhojpuri-speaking.
• Once a dialect or language is included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, it becomes eligible to be used in education, government and other official contexts.
• Over the years, a section of linguists have opposed the demand, claiming the move would harm Hindi’s prospects.
• Farmers’ Woes: Farmers in rice bowl states like Bihar, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh have been demanding a legal guarantee for minimum support price (MSP) of crops.
• While the JD-U government in Bihar says it is committed to ensuring that farmers get MSP for their food grains, the Congress has claimed the abolition of the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act by the Bihar government in 2006 is the “single most important reason” for the distress faced by the farmers in the state.
• The Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACES) put in place to replace the mandis have been a complete failure and have been simply unable to pay the MSP, the Congress has alleged.
• Farmer groups and unions too say they are being forced to sell their produce at below MSP, and more often than not, it is distress sale.
• Several farmer groups have also complained that the water meant for irrigation does not reach the tail-end areas of the canals since heavyweight and more influential MPs and MLAs of nearby constituency corner bulk of the supply for their areas.

Voter Demographics

• SC — 21.34%
• Buddhist — 0.03%
• Christian — 0.1%
• Jain — 0.02%
• Muslim — 9.75%
• Sikh — 0.05%

Major Infra Projects in Karakat

• Dehri-Rohtas Light Railway: The restoration of the Dehri-Rohtas Light Railway from Sasaram Junction to Tiura Pipradih was planned in 1999–2000.
• As per new plan, the new BG Line was to be 81km with a 24-km connecting Deorikalan and Japla along a 2.7km bridge on the Son River.
• However, the project was scrapped in 2004 due to lack of interest from the then Bihar government following the creation of Jharkhand.
• Pillars of the abandoned bridge construction can still be viewed at Deorikalan today.
• There are indications that the project may be restarted in 2024 in keeping with the demand of the locals.
• Elevated RCC Bridge: In November 2022, Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari inaugurated a 1.5 km long, 2-lane elevated RCC bridge near Panduka on Son river in Rohtas at a cost of Rs 210 crore.
• With the construction of the bridge, NH-19 and NH-39 were directly connected, facilitating traffic between Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
• Previously, a distance of 150 km had to be covered to reach Srinagar from Panduka in Rohtas district and Garhwa district of Jharkhand. The construction of the bridge reportedly shaves off four hours from the journey time.
• NTPC Unit in Nabinagar: In April 2021, state-owned NTPC commissioned the second unit of 660 MW of the Nabinagar Super Thermal Power Project.
• Nabinagar Power is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NTPC.
• Earlier, Nabinagar Power was a 50:50 joint venture between NTPC and Bihar State Power Holding Company.
• The first unit of 1980 MW Nabinagar plant was commissioned in July 2019.
• Adani Project: In December 2023, the Adani Group announced an additional investment of Rs 8,700 crore in Bihar in various sectors.
• Part of the investment plan is to make paddy processing plants at Sasaram and Rohtas, expected to provide employment to 200 people in each district.

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