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Providing Research, Education, and Training Opportunities

Hu center for aids research.

The Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (HU CFAR) provides research, education and training opportunities to HIV researchers across Harvard University and its affiliates through services that are in direct response to the needs of the community.

The HU CFAR provides ongoing educational opportunities through the innovative programming offered by each Core, Scientific Program, Scientific Working Group (SWG). All HU CFAR sponsored events are forums for the dissemination of cutting-edge research results and the cultivation of knowledge.

Advancing research is at the heart of the HU CFAR mission.  The HU CFAR catalyzes and supports research through Core services, sponsored events, and developmental grants awarded through the Developmental and Mentoring Core.

The HU CFAR provides training opportunities through our Mentoring Program, which connects new and early career investigators to senior HU CFAR faculty through a variety of mechanisms to support and advance scientific investigation.

HU CFAR VIRTUAL REPRIEVE GRAND ROUNDS: “Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in People with HIV: Past, Present and Future”

DATE : Friday, June 7

TIME : 2-3 PM US ET

News & Events

• Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Availability of Emergency Competitive Revisions for Coordinating Center Infrastructure to Support Research on Opioid Overdose and HIV Risk in the Context of Justice Systems May 23, 2024
• Funding for Diversity and Re-entry Supplements May 17, 2024
• NOFO: Pharmacies and HIV: A New NIH Research Funding Opportunity May 15, 2024

Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core presents: Introduction to Variant Calling Workshop

Internal competition for early stage investigators to attend the national cfar meeting in ny, ny (oct 29-30, 2024), stay connected.

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Office of AIDS Research

Apply for research funding to advance hiv service delivery through pharmacies and pharmacists.

Undergraduate students: Share your groundbreaking solution for an unmet HIV need through the DEBUT Challenge

Explore NIH HIV Research Portfolio with New Data Tools

OAR releases FY 2025 NIH HIV/AIDS Professional Judgment Budget

Perinatal HIV clinical guidelines update infant feeding options.

Welcome to OAR

The Office of AIDS Research (OAR) coordinates HIV/AIDS research across the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH provides the largest public investment in HIV/AIDS research globally.

As HIV crosses nearly every area of medicine and scientific investigation, the response to the HIV pandemic requires a multi-Institute, multidisciplinary, global research program. OAR provides scientific coordination and management of this research program.

OAR Spotlight

In her first blog as Acting OAR Director, Diana Finzi, Ph.D., discusses groundbreaking HIV research findings and perspectives from community members at the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI).

This page last reviewed on September 19, 2023

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Harvard University Center for AIDS Research

The Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (HU CFAR) provides research, education, and training to HU CFAR members across Harvard University and its affiliates through services that are in direct response to member needs. Areas of study by NIH-funded HU CFAR investigators include molecular virology, pathogenesis, host immune responses, epidemiology, treatment, vaccines and prevention. HU CFAR provides services that support basic, behavioral, clinical, and translational HIV/AIDS investigation through core activities in administration, development, clinical services, biostatistics and bioinformatics, the humanized mouse, biosafety level 3 (BL3), advanced technologies, and behavioral and social sciences. HU CFAR directly sponsors many researchers, and its scientific programs and working groups host conferences, provide mentoring for junior investigators, submit proposals for grant support, and organize around new research initiatives. 

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The Duke Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) is part of a network of NIH-funded CFARs across the nation. The principal mission of the Duke CFAR is to provide scientific leadership as well as establish, enrich, and provide continued infrastructure support to an academic research environment that will effectively promote collaboration and coordination among the community of HIV/AIDS investigators at Duke. Learn more about the services and support available to researchers at Duke through our scientific Cores.

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LaTonya Williams and Justin Pollara receive awards at 2024 HVTN Full Group Meeting

The 2024 Full Group Meeting of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) took place May 1-3, 2024 in Washington, D.C. Every year at the Full Group Meeting (FGM), HVTN Leadership presents awards to recognize clinical site staff and affiliated individuals who have made significant contributions to the Network.

LaTonya Williams, PhD  received the 2024 HVTN Bonnie Mathieson Young Investigator Award for her outstanding publication and discovery of how vaccines can tune antibody specificities. Justin Pollara, PhD received an award in recognition of his exceptional scientific communication skills and commitment to using people-first language.

Save the Date!

The 20th Annual Duke Center for AIDS Research Fall Scientific Retreat will be held on Thursday, September 19th, 2024 in the Great Hall of the Trent Semans Center.

Duke CFAR researchers deliver quantitative and qualitative methods workshops in Vietnam

In March 2024, the Duke Center for AIDS Research’s Social & Behavioral Sciences (SBS) Core and Quantitative Sciences (QS) Core, in collaboration with the Clinical Core, organized two workshops held at the Tropical Medicine Research Center for Talaromycosis at Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Each workshop provided training for 30-45 Vietnamese post-graduate trainees in health sciences from surrounding medical universities and affiliated hospitals across Vietnam.

Congratulations to recently awarded Distinguished Professors from the Duke CFAR!

Duke University has awarded distinguished professorships to 32 faculty and will recognize them in a ceremony at the Washington Duke Inn on May 23.

“I am very pleased to honor these faculty members with distinguished professorships,” said President Vincent Price. “Their outstanding scholarship has advanced knowledge across a wide variety of fields and made a positive impact on society, and I am proud to have them as colleagues.”

Duke CFAR presents at CROI 2024

The Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) was established in 1993 to provide a forum for basic scientists and clinical investigators to present, discuss, and critique their investigations into the epidemiology and biology of human retroviruses and associated diseases. The synergy of basic science and clinical investigation has been a major contributor to the success of the meeting. CROI has facilitated the presentation of important discoveries in the field, thereby accelerating progress in HIV and AIDS research.

Apply for an HIVR4P 2024 Scholarship

Scholarship submissions for HIVR4P 2024, the 5th HIV Research for Prevention Conference , are now open! 

You are eligible for a scholarship if you are at least 18 years old on 6 October 2024, working, volunteering or studying in the area of HIV prevention and require support to attend HIVR4P 2024. 

For more information about the scholarship programme, types of financial support, how to apply and the Journalist Fellowship Programme , visit the HIVR4P 2024 scholarship page . 

Scholarship applications will be accepted until April 10th.

SBS Core Researchers Network with UNC CFAR to Untangle The Quagmire of Stigma

The NIH recognizes that “despite HIV scientific advances, stigma and discrimination continue to be critical barriers to the uptake of evidence-based HIV interventions.” HIV-related stigma research, in addition to being an NIH priority, is a topic of concern and interest for many of our CFAR investigators and for the community members who make up our Duke Collaborative Community Council ( D3C ).

Visualizing and Interpreting Macromolecular Structural Models

Macromolecular structure visualization is an essential step in understanding protein function at the atomic level. Directly visualizing macromolecular interactions, macromolecule shape, and small molecule interactions can provide important mechanistic insight into structure-function relationships that can in turn drive experimental design.

This full-day workshop will equip researchers with the skills necessary to identify already determined macromolecular structures, prepare theoretical structures, and visualize those structures using popular tools in structural biology.

2024 Duke CFAR Pilot Award Request for Proposals

CFAR Pilot projects should lead to future independent HIV/AIDS funding. The CFAR is especially interested in proposals from new investigators and those from established investigators who are turning their focus to HIV/AIDS.

Commemorating World AIDS Day 2023

Every year on December 1st, the world unites to commemorate World AIDS Day. This annual event serves as a reminder of the global struggle to end HIV-related stigma, an opportunity to honor those we have lost, and a rallying cry to continue working toward a day when HIV is no longer a public health threat. 2023 marked the 35th commemoration of this important day.

Dr. Nwora Lance Okeke Honored with 2023 HIVMA Innovator Award

Congratulations to Nwora Lance Okeke, MD, MPH for receiving the 2023 HIVMA Innovative Leader Award . Dr. Okeke, an Associate Director of the CFAR, was recognized by the HIV Medicine Association during IDWeek 2023 for his contributions to advancing the field through his productive research portfolio and innovative and transformative delivery of care to people with HIV.

Dr. Chris Beyrer named an Outstanding Ally in Advancing Scientific Advocacy

Chris Beyrer, M.D. , director of the Duke Global Health Institute, an Associate Director of the CFAR, and an internationally recognized researcher on HIV prevention and treatment, has been named an Outstanding Ally in Advancing Scientific Advocacy for his work to improve the health and human rights of gay men in Africa. 

Hayley Cunningham receives Community and Clinical Research Training Program award

Congratulations to Hayley Cunningham, MD, Infectious Diseases Fellow, for her recent award as a scholar of the Brown University Community and Clinical Research Training (CCRT) Program . The goal of the NIH-funded CCRT program is to train the next generation of researchers to end the HIV epidemic and to conduct research related to reducing racial disparities in HIV outcomes in the Southern United States.

19th Annual CFAR Fall Scientific Retreat Recap

Thank you to everyone who joined us for the 19th Annual CFAR Fall Scientific Retreat, held on Thursday, September 14th. We had over 200 attendees, bringing together CFAR researchers from across campus and community members from the Duke Collaborative Community Council (D3C) to share in a packed day full of scientific updates and connecting in our common cause.

This Is Who Will Suffer Most if US AIDS Funding Ends

“Sitting in a conference room in the shadow of Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania, we cautiously asked a group of young Tanzanians who are living with HIV to contemplate the unthinkable: What if PEPFAR ends?

It’s a question many Americans may not have considered. PEPFAR — the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief — is arguably the U.S. government’s most successful global health program, credited for preventing an estimated 25 million deaths from AIDS since its start in 2003. Now, after decades of wide bipartisan support, the program is in serious danger, as some Republicans in Congress are threatening to hold up its reauthorization over baseless claims it funds abortions.

Infectious Diseases Grand Rounds

Congratulations to New Supplement Awardees

Congratulations to the 2023 CFAR Pilot Awardees

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Funding Opportunities

Download an Excel spreadsheet compilation of active funding opportunities. Selected opportunities are listed below.

Supporting People with HIV as Leaders in HIV Systems of Care Application Due Date: April 1, 2024

NCHHSTP Epidemiologic and Economic Modeling for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Application Due Date: April 8, 2024

Mechanistic Studies on Social Behavior in Substance Use Disorder Application Due Date: August 14, 2024 - R01 Clinical Trial Optional - R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed

International Research Scientist Development Award (IRSDA) (K01) Independent Clinical Trial Not Allowed AIDS Application Due Dates: March 8, 2024; March 10, 2025; March 9, 2026

NOSI: Strategies to Address Stigmatizing Beliefs and Policies Affecting People Who Use Drugs First Available Due Date: June 5, 2024 Expiration Date: January 8, 2027

Recent Publications by CIRA Affiliates

Social support as a mediator between mental health and stigma among newly HIV-positive men who have sex with men Yafang Zhao, Kaveh Khoshnood , Yu Sheng International Journal of STD and AIDS . 2024. Feb 5:9564624241227653. doi: 10.1177/09564624241227653. Online ahead of print.

Feasibility of a Mobile Health Intervention for Providing a Continuum of HIV Services for MSM: Pilot Study of the WeTest Program in 3 Cities in China Zhihui Zhu, Xiaoyan Lu, Pan Gao, Xiaodong Wang, Xuejiao Hu, Nianhua Xie, Cong Liu, Yue Zhao, Yanqiu Zhao, Zhen Dai, Hongbo Zhang, Jun Wang, Yehuan Sun, Tao Liu, Shufang Sun , Cui Yang, Nickolas Zaller, Zhihua Zhang, Don Operario Current HIV Research . 2024. Jan 19. doi: 10.2174/011570162X280190240105063449. Online ahead of print.

Time to blood pressure control and predictors among patients receiving integrated treatment for hypertension and HIV based on an adapted WHO HEARTS implementation strategy at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda Willington Amutuhaire, Fred Collins Semitala, Isaac Derick Kimera, Christabellah Namugenyi, Frank Mulindwa, Rebecca Ssenyonjo, Rodgers Katwesigye, Frank Mugabe, Gerald Mutungi, Isaac Ssinabulya, Jeremy I Schwartz , Anne R Katahoire, Lewis S Musoke, George A Yendewa, Chris T Longenecker, Martin Muddu Journal of Human Hypertension . 2024. Feb 1. doi: 10.1038/s41371-024-00897-3. Online ahead of print.

The Potential Role of Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) in Reducing HIV Stigma among Sexual Minority Men in the US Sarah K Calabrese , David A Kalwicz, Myra A Zaheer, John F Dovidio , Alex Garner, Maria Cecilia Zea, Carla Treloar, Martin Holt, Anthony K J Smith, James MacGibbon, Djordje X Modrakovic, Sharanya Rao, Lisa A Eaton AIDS and Behavior . 2024. Feb;28(2):741-757. doi: 10.1007/s10461-023-04263-1. Epub 2024 Jan 29.

Black Adolescent Females' Perceptions of PrEP for HIV Risk Reduction Mariana Budge, Ijeoma Opara , Veronica U Weser, Brandon E Sands, Kimberly D Hieftje Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care . 2023. Jan-Dec:22:23259582231206934. doi: 10.1177/23259582231206934.

World Map of CIRA International HIV Research

Click for an expanded view of active international projects.

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CIRA is supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant No. P30MH062294. Trace Kershaw, Ph.D., Principal Investigator

University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research

http://depts.washington.edu/cfar/home/

The mission of the University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research is to foster collaborative and interdisciplinary research, support HIV research career development of young investigators, and serve HIV investigators at our affiliated institutions.

Core Services Offered

CFAR Core Facilities provide biostatistical, laboratory, study design, and other services that are quality-controlled, cost-effective and convenient. These services are supported by the CFAR, freeing investigators of the need to set up and pay for these services themselves. Visit our core curriculum  for our course listings.

Funding Information

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Related UW Entities

School of Medicine: Department of Medicine, Department of Global Health, Department of Lab Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Department of Neurology, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics School of Public Health: Department of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology College of Arts and Sciences: Department of Sociology, Department of Psychology

External Partners

Key consortium external partners include Fred Hutch, Seattle Children’s, Infectious Disease Research Institute, with the University of Hawaii at Manoa as a “minority institution” partner. We also have strong partnerships with Public Health Seattle/King County, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, local community-based organizations serving those affected by HIV including Lifelong, Gay City, BABES Network, People’s Harm Reduction Alliance, Entre Hermanos and the Hepatitis Education Project. We also partner with international institutions in Kenya, Peru, Mozambique, Uganda, South Africa, and Senegal.

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UW/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research

Welcome to the University of Washington / Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research (CFAR). Our mission is to advance the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV and AIDS by fostering collaborative and interdisciplinary research, supporting career development in young investigators, and serving researchers and scientists at our affiliated institutions.

Discover Our Cores

CFAR Core Facilities provide biostatistical, laboratory, study design, and other services that are quality-controlled, cost-effective and convenient. These services are supported by the CFAR, freeing investigators of the need to set up and pay for these services themselves.

Find A Service

CFAR Cores and Scientific Working Groups provide biostatistical, laboratory, study design, and other services that are quality-controlled, cost-effective and convenient.

Find Funding

Funding opportunities for HIV investigators at CFAR and our partner institutions.

Announcing the Recipients of the 2023 CFAR New Investigator Award (NIA)

May 9, 2024

Congratulations to our 2023 CFAR NIA Awardees, Dr. Michelle Bulterys of the University of Washington, Dr. Delphine Depierreux of Fred Hutch, Dr. Obinna Ekwunife of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Dr. Christian Gallardo of Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Dr. Joy Githua of Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI/CRDR), and Dr. Bo Zhang of Fred Hutch!

Funding Available for Community-Led HIV Research in Washington State

April 22, 2024

The Office of Community Engagement (OCE) at the University of Washington/Fred Hutch (UW/Fred Hutch) Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) is thrilled to announce the inaugural Stephaun Elite Wallace Community Investigator Awards competition. The purpose of the Wallace Awards is to grow capacity for community-led HIV research by providing funding, mentoring, and educational support for community leaders, while facilitating connections and collaborations between community-based organizations (CBOs) and CFAR members.

Announcing new CFAR Co-Directors

January 12, 2024

Please join us in congratulating Drs. Kenneth Mugwanya and Julie Dombrowski on their new roles within CFAR!

The proposed studies in the Duke CIAVCR program will contribute towards the ultimate goal of ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It has been four decades since the start of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and a protective vaccine or functional cure have been elusive. In 2020, there was an estimated 37.6 million people living with HIV. Despite highly active anti-retroviral therapies, approximately 500,000 new infections occur every year. Thus, finding a way to end this pandemic remains a global priority. The CIAVCR program will provide new insights into the effects of vaccine-induced polyfunctional immune responses in preventing HIV-1 infection as well as their potential therapeutic impact in eliminating HIV latent reservoirs.

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HIV/AIDS/TB

Since the first diagnosis in the United States in 1982, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a global pandemic, with over 35 million people now living with the infection, including more than 1 million people in the US.

The Yale School of Public Health has a long history in research on the disease, starting with pioneering efforts in the late 1980s that led to the establishment of one of the first needle-exchange programs in the US to interrupt the transmission of the virus through intravenous drug use. The Yale School of Public Health has engaged deeply in research, training and service in response to HIV and related conditions such as addiction, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and tuberculosis, both in Connecticut and globally.

In 1997, the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA) , New England's only National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded AIDS research center, opened at YSPH. It brings together and supports researchers in innovative, interdisciplinary work focused on the implementation of HIV prevention and treatment, along with the elimination of HIV disparities.

Today, many studies focus on the effects of stigma and lifestyle on HIV risk, especially among vulnerable populations such as the LGBTQ community, those experiencing interpersonal violence, sex workers, and persons who inject drugs. Additionally, the interaction of HIV with other chronic conditions such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and malaria is researched. Other work focuses on the HIV continuum of care, and how community research capacity can strengthen prevention and intervention efforts globally.

Practice-based research and implementation science are at the heart of the mission of YSPH’s Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS. Specific initiatives include:

The New England HIV Implementation Science Network, formed in collaboration with the Providence-Boston Center for AIDS Research, fosters academic-practice research collaborations through events and technical assistance. At annual symposia, held since 2014, approximately 100 HIV researchers have gathered with representatives from health departments, community agencies and clinical sites to build relationships and strategize research partnerships. Projects resulting from the Network have included grants funded by NIAID, NIMH and the CDC.

A partnership with APNH: A Place to Nourish Your Health (formerly AIDS Project New Haven) to develop and implement an intervention to engage young Black and Latino gay and bisexual men in HIV prevention. The project, Chat4Change, funded by the CDC and the CT Department of Public Health, connects young Black and Latino gay and bisexual men to peer ambassadors using popular social networking apps to support conversations about sexual health and community resources.

An interdisciplinary team from YSPH worked with a panel of representatives of community agencies from around Connecticut to develop the Community Research Activity Assessment Tool (CREAT), which assesses the capacity of community-based organizations’ research activity and capacity. This tool can be used to identify areas where additional capacity is needed, as well as help guide community and research partnerships and needs.

In collaboration with Brown University and The Institute for Community Research (ICR), CIRA conducted a pilot study examining implementation strategies and effectiveness of Partner Notification Services among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Interviews with Disease Intervention Specialists (DIS) focused on current PS protocols and outcomes for each state, and interviews with HIV-positive MSM who had participated in PS for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) explored their experiences and preferences.

In the fall of 2020, The Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS and the Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science (CMIPS) were granted a NIH Implementation Science Consultation Hub Supplement to Support the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative.

Work in Uganda informs national-implementation guidelines on evidence-based TB interventions.

Research in humanitarian settings addresses HIV risk factors

The ESTEEM program provides evidence-based approaches to improving mental health and reducing stigma among people who identify as LGBTQ. Their project includes LGBTQ-affirming psychotherapy programs.

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Our innovative research focuses on four areas:

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The Goff lab studies the life cycle of retroviruses, and performs screens to identify and characterize restriction factors that inhibit virus replication and the host factors that they require.

The Ho Lab is committed to finding scientific solutions to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic and using the techniques acquired in their decades of HIV research to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

The Huang Lab devotes efforts to develop HIV vaccine and antibody-based strategies and long-acting antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure prophylaxis to halt or slow the spread of AIDS.

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The Iketani Lab is focused on developing scalable strategies that contribute to answering basic and translational virology questions, particularly for pandemic preparedness and virological discovery.

The Liu lab studies viral evolution and immune responses to develop novel diagnostics, prophylactics, and/or therapeutics that combat emerging and re-emerging viruses.

Dr. Meyers’ lab addresses health inequity by accelerating translation of scientific discoveries into public health interventions accessible to marginalized populations, with a particular focus on HIV.

The focus of the Sabo Lab is to expand our understanding of cellular host factors and their interaction with specific infecting viral pathogens: HIV-1 and the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV).

The goal of the Sheng Lab is to use interdisciplinary approaches to understand the mechanisms of antibody maturation and disease etiology, and to find therapeutic targets for disease prevention.

The Tsuji Lab's research projects are applied and translational, seeking to further understanding of host immune system for development of effective vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer.

The focus of the Wu Lab is to elucidate the mechanisms by which the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein elicits neutralizing antibody responses in humans and rhesus macaques for HIV-1 vaccine development.

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The Yamashita Lab studies the biology of human immunodeficiency virus to elucidate the fundamental principles of viral replication and to develop novel drug design strategies.

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The HIV/AIDS and Emerging Infectious Diseases Institute (HEIDI) supports multiple programs and research units within the Miami-Dade area to serve the community and investigators in targeted HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases research and prevention initiatives. Through this support, over thirty government, institutional, and sponsored initiatives receive crucial access to research samples.

University of Miami Infectious Diseases Research Unit at Jackson Memorial Hospital

The Infectious Diseases Research Unit opened in December 2015 to serve and connect patients with nationally recognized University of Miami researchers in the field of infectious diseases and HIV/AIDS treatment.

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Located on the first floor of ACC East, the AIDS Clinical Research Unit is a longtime center that aids patient-based research studies and industry-sponsored trials by providing access to key research samples to ultimately advance the understanding, prevention, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS associated malignancies. It also provides access to testing and other patient care services for people living with HIV/AIDS.

Address : ACC East Suite 154, 1611 NW 12 th Ave., Miami, FL 33136

Maria Alcaide, M.D. Director, Infectious Diseases Research Center Director, Miami Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Clinical Core Director, Clinical Research with the office of the Executive Dean for Research Professor of Clinical Medicine Leader, Miami Clinical Translational Science Institute (CTSI) and Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Mentoring Programs University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Patricia Del Carmen Raccamarich, M.D. Lead Clinical Research Coordinator Phone : 305-243-5435 Email :  [email protected]

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Are you trying to enroll in the Closing the Gap: HIV Community Engagement E-Learning Series, the Transgender Leadership Initiative Leadership Development Cohort, or the Southern HIV Impact Fund Leadership Development Program? Please refer back to your invitation email. These courses are only available to partner organizations at this time. Your unique link is required to register for the course.

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HIV/AIDS Online Resources for Teachers

This website contains educational resources that are based on the UNESCO-recognised HIV and AIDS collections held by Lothian Health Services Archive (LHSA). Theses collections document the social and medical response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic in Edinburgh and the Lothians from 1983 to 2010. It evidences the journey of a medical condition which was, at first on diagnosis, a guaranteed death sentence, to a condition that people can now live with in good health to near normal life expectancy.

HIV/AIDS Online Resources for Teachers Website

The Lothian Health Services Archive website contains further resources, particularly advice for family historians and researchers: LHSA Website .

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New Research Reveals That Exercise Can Rewire Brains and Erase Traumatic Memories

By Kyushu University May 27, 2024

Researchers from the University of Toronto and Kyushu University have found that enhancing neuron formation and neural circuit rewiring in the hippocampus through exercise or genetic manipulation can help mice forget traumatic or drug-associated memories. Their study suggests new methods for treating mental health issues like PTSD and drug addiction, emphasizing the effectiveness of exercise alongside potential genetic interventions. Credit: SciTechDaily.com

Enhanced neuron growth in the hippocampus, achieved through exercise or genetic methods, aids mice in forgetting strong, maladaptive memories, offering potential for new treatments for PTSD or drug addiction.

Researchers at the University of Toronto , Canada, and Kyushu University , Japan, discovered that enhancing neuron production and subsequently altering neural connections in the hippocampus—through exercise or genetic intervention—enables mice to forget memories associated with trauma or drugs. The findings, reported in the journal Molecular Psychiatry , could offer a new approach to treating mental health conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or drug addiction.

PTSD is a mental health condition that can be triggered by experiencing or seeing a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, serious accident, or attack. Worldwide, around 3.9% of the general population has PTSD, with symptoms including vivid flashbacks and avoidance behaviors, such as staying away from places or pushing away people that remind them of the traumatic event.

Currently, PTSD is often treated through therapy or medications such as anti-depressants. However, many people do not respond effectively, so researchers are still looking for different treatments.

Study Details and Neurogenesis

In this study on mice, Assistant Professor Risako Fujikawa from Kyushu University’s Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, her former supervisor Professor Paul Frankland from the University of Toronto, and their team members including Adam Ramsaran focused on how neurogenesis—the process of forming new neurons—in the hippocampus impacts the ability to forget fear memories. The hippocampus, a brain region important for forming memories linked to specific places and contexts, produces new neurons daily in an area called the dentate gyrus.

“Neurogenesis is important for forming new memories but also for forgetting memories. We think this happens because when new neurons integrate into neural circuits, new connections are forged and older connections are lost, disrupting the ability to recall memories,” explains Fujikawa. “We wanted to see if this process could help mice forget stronger, traumatic memories too.”

Exercise-induced formation of neurons and genetically-inducted neuron growth rewired neural circuits in the hippocampus, helping mice forget traumatic memories and reducing their PTSD-like symptoms. Credit: Risako Fujikawa, Kyushu University and Hospital for Sick Children

Experimentation and Findings

The researchers gave mice two strong shocks in different settings. First, the mice were shocked after leaving a brightly lit, white box and entering a dark, ethanol-scented compartment. After the second shock in another distinct environment, the mice showed PTSD-like behaviors. Over a month later, the mice were still fearful and hesitant to enter the original dark compartment, indicating they couldn’t forget the traumatic memory. This fear extended to other dark compartments, showing generalized fear. Additionally, the mice explored less in open spaces and avoided the center, suggesting anxiety.

The researchers then explored whether these PTSD-like behaviors could be alleviated through exercise, which studies had shown boosted neurogenesis. The double-shocked mice were split into two groups and one group was provided with a running wheel. Four weeks later, these mice showed increased numbers of newly-formed neurons in their hippocampi, and importantly, the PTSD-like behaviors were less severe, compared to the double-shocked mice without wheel access.

Furthermore, when the mice were free to exercise before the second shock, it also prevented some PTSD-like behaviors from developing.

Genetic Approaches to Enhancing Neurogenesis

However, since exercise impacts the brain and body in many different ways, it wasn’t clear whether the effect of exercise was due to hippocampal circuit rewiring by neurogenesis, or other factors. The researchers therefore used two different genetic approaches to assess the impact of newborn neuron integration into the hippocampus, exclusively.

Firstly, the researchers used a technique called optogenetics, where they added light-sensitive proteins to newly formed neurons in the dentate gyrus, allowing the neurons to be activated by light. When they shone blue light on these cells, the new neurons matured faster. After 14 days, the neurons had grown longer, had more branches, and integrated more quickly into the neural circuits of the hippocampus.

In the second approach, the research team used genetic engineering to remove a protein in the newly formed neurons that slows down neuron growth. This also resulted in the neurons growing faster and increased incorporation into neural circuits.

When activated with light, newly-formed neurons in the hippocampus grew faster and showed more branching. Credit: Paul Frankland; University of Toronto

Both these genetic approaches reduced PTSD-like symptoms in mice after double-shocking and shortened the time taken for the mice to forget the fear memory. However, the researchers found that the effect was weaker than they saw with exercise, and did not reduce the level of the mice’s anxiety.

“It could be that the neurogenesis and the re-modeling of the hippocampus circuits disrupt fear memory, but have less effect on mood or emotions,” suggests Fujikawa. “Exercise also has broader physiological effects, which may contribute to the stronger outcomes seen.”

Finally, the research team explored whether increased neurogenesis and hippocampus re-modeling could also help in other mental disorders where memory plays an important role, such as substance use disorders. For people battling drug dependency, relapse often happens when reminders, like being in a similar environment where the drug was used, trigger powerful cravings.

The researchers placed mice in a cage with two rooms. In one room, the mice were given a saline solution and in the other room, they were given cocaine. Afterward, when given free access to both rooms, the mice spent more time in the room in which they had received cocaine.

However, when the researchers used exercise and genetic methods to boost neurogenesis and hippocampus re-modeling, they found that the mice stopped showing a preference for the room where they had taken cocaine, suggesting the mice had forgotten the link between the room and the drug.

For future research, Risako is planning to find a drug that can boost neurogenesis or hippocampus re-modeling, in the hopes that it could be tested as a potential treatment for PTSD and drug dependence. However, she also stressed the importance of exercise.

“In our experiments, exercise had the most powerful impact on reducing symptoms of PTSD and drug dependence in mice, and clinical studies in humans also show it is effective,” says Risako. “I think this is the most important takeaway.”

Reference: “Neurogenesis-dependent remodeling of hippocampal circuits reduces PTSD-like behaviors in adult mice” by Risako Fujikawa, Adam I. Ramsaran, Axel Guskjolen, Juan de la Parra, Yi Zou, Andrew J. Mocle, Sheena A. Josselyn and Paul W. Frankland, 8 May 2024, Molecular Psychiatry . DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02585-7

The study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the National Institutes of Health .

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May 23, 2024

Purdue and Elanco Animal Health announce One Health Innovation District in Indianapolis

The newly created One Health Innovation District in downtown Indianapolis will solve pressing issues impacting animal, human and environmental health. (Photo courtesy of Elanco)

Purdue joins Elanco in a shared vision of a research park dedicated to solving pressing issues impacting animal, plant, human and environmental health

INDIANAPOLIS — Purdue University will partner with Elanco Animal Health Inc. and become part of Indiana’s new One Health Innovation District. The announcement was made Thursday (May 23) at Indiana’s 2024 Global Economic Summit after Purdue President Mung Chiang and Elanco President and CEO Jeff Simmons signed a shared memorandum of understanding with the Indiana Economic Development Corp. to establish a globally recognized research innovation district dedicated to optimizing the health of people, animals, plants and the planet.

Purdue and Elanco have committed to develop a new shared-use facility on 3 acres in the One Health Innovation District near the future Elanco global headquarters on the western edge of the White River in Indianapolis. The facility is designed to deliver and scale up innovation where industry and academia can collaborate including office, wet lab and incubator space. This is in addition to the nearly complete 220,000-square-foot corporate headquarters of Elanco Animal Health, with an expected opening date in the second quarter of 2025. Elanco also announced its commitment to purchase an additional 12 acres to the north of its existing footprint for future expansion and the development of the Epicenter for Animal Health.

“Totality of Purdue to the totality of Indianapolis — that’s our pledge as the Indianapolis part of Purdue’s main campus officially launches on July 1,” Chiang said. “In the coming years, all programs at Purdue will find homes throughout our state’s capital city. Today’s announcement carries a special excitement for the partnership and the location. Purdue is excited to partner with Elanco and other collaborators to build out the ecosystem of One Health Innovation District, starting from the building announced and expanding to an entire district. Human health, animal health, plant health will be jointly advanced by the nation’s leading companies and our state’s top-ranked university.”

The facility will help extend Purdue’s substantial research arm into the heart of Indianapolis, coinciding with the launch of the university’s urban extension, Purdue University in Indianapolis, on July 1. Research interests will include understanding of the microbiome, antimicrobial resistance, computational biology, comparative genomics and livestock sustainability, among others. Indianapolis is home to the biotech companies that are on the cutting edge of the revolution in animal health (Elanco), human health ( Eli Lilly and Company ) and plant health ( Corteva Agriscience ). The One Health Innovation District will be less than 1 mile from Lilly’s world headquarters, creating a unique and direct link between the two entities. 

“The One Health Innovation District will propel the state’s vision for our regional technology hub aimed at accelerating collaborative innovation in our life sciences,” Indiana Gov. Eric Holcomb said. “The partnership marks a rare and noteworthy move wherein a global health company, a university and a government come together with a shared vision. The district will create an ecosystem that is focused on talent, applied research and innovation that can be sustained for generations to come.”

Developing the One Health Innovation District surrounding the new Elanco global headquarters presents a unique opportunity to enable a coordinated partnership among public, private, government, university and community that will attract and retain top talent and drive growth and development for downtown Indianapolis. One Health is recognized by scientific institutions including the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as being a preferred approach where the interconnection among human, animal and plant science can help solve complex global health problems.

“For life-changing innovations to move from idea to reality, they must grow in the right environment,” Simmons said. “The many partners in the Indianapolis One Health Innovation District will set Indianapolis apart as an area where innovators will find a vast ecosystem of support — including one of the world’s leading universities, funding, lab space, collaboration with many other innovators and companies — and most significantly, shared technical development and pilot plant facilities to manufacture and scale innovations. We believe connecting innovators with access to world-class, state-of-the-art resources will help bring solutions to some of the world’s most pressing issues facing people, animals and the environment. This is a key milestone in bringing to life our goal of creating an animal health epicenter to reach the world’s animals from our new global headquarters in the heart of Indianapolis.”

The unique partnership is designed to increase the ability to prevent, predict, detect and respond to health threats. One Health integrated approaches are widely recognized as the new frontier in biosciences. Purdue and Elanco, in collaboration with Applied Research Institute, AgriNovus, BiomEdit and others, are planning a One Health Summit for fall to showcase the ecosystem of capabilities and draw the first era of innovators to the One Health District.

This new announcement is yet another step forward to bring to fruition Gov. Holcomb’s goal of developing a regional technology hub in Indiana. Following the passage of the CHIPS and Science Act, through the newly constituted Applied Research Institute (ARI), Indiana stood up Heartland BioWorks and was designated as one of 31 Tech Hubs in October of last year by the Economic Development Administration (EDA). Purdue University was part of a consortium of Indiana stakeholders successful in securing that Regional Technology and Innovation Hub (Tech Hub) designation, which recognizes regions poised to ensure the U.S. is globally competitive in areas that are key to national security. The One Health Innovation District is part of that consortium, and any implementation funding from the EDA would support and greatly accelerate the district’s capability to translate innovative ideas into real-world products and job opportunities. With awards expected this summer, Heartland BioWorks now awaits word on whether it will be chosen for the next phase of funding that will invest another $50 million to $75 million in five to 10 designated hubs around the country. This Regional Tech Hub Program was authorized by the CHIPS and Science Act, of which U.S. Sen. Todd Young, R-Ind., was a co-sponsor.

About Purdue University

Purdue University is a public research institution demonstrating excellence at scale. Ranked among top 10 public universities and with two colleges in the top four in the United States, Purdue discovers and disseminates knowledge with a quality and at a scale second to none. More than 105,000 students study at Purdue across modalities and locations, including nearly 50,000 in person on the West Lafayette campus. Committed to affordability and accessibility, Purdue’s main campus has frozen tuition for 13 years in a row. See how Purdue never stops in the persistent pursuit of the next giant leap — including its first comprehensive urban campus in Indianapolis, the new Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. School of Business, and Purdue Computes — at https://www.purdue.edu/president/strategic-initiatives .

About Elanco

Elanco Animal Health Incorporated (NYSE: ELAN) is a global leader in animal health dedicated to innovating and delivering products and services to prevent and treat disease in farm animals and pets, creating value for farmers, pet owners, veterinarians, stakeholders, and society as a whole. With nearly 70 years of animal health heritage, we are committed to helping our customers improve the health of animals in their care, while also making a meaningful impact on our local and global communities. At Elanco, we are driven by our vision of Food and Companionship Enriching Life and our Elanco Healthy Purpose™ Sustainability/ESG Initiatives — all to advance the health of animals, people and the planet. Learn more at  www.elanco.com . 

Writer/Media contact:  Derek Schultz,  [email protected]

Sources:  Mung Chiang, Eric Holcomb, Jeff Simmons

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