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Towards Exemplary Social Harmony

There is no denying that Nepal is a country of social harmony. Despite some exceptions in periods of violence, Nepali society has maintained social harmony for generations. People of different ethnicities, religions, and cultures have an understanding of peacefully living together and sharing each other’s culture. While people of different castes within the Hindu community inhabit the same place, Hindus, Buddhists, Muslims, and Christians are also living in perfect harmony. We have not witnessed any unfortunate feuds between people of different castes and religions. Only in a few countries can people live in such social harmony. It is certainly a matter of great pride for all Nepalis.

Not very far away from our native land, we have seen age-long conflict between the peoples within a nation. The serious wounds caused by Hindu-Muslim riots, the Tamil-Singhalese war, and the community conflict between people in Afghanistan have not yet healed despite intermittent ceasefires. We can still see fierce ethnic conflicts between different tribes of African people. Surprisingly, even the most champion proponents of democracy in the Western world dominated by whites are still intolerant of the people of non-white communities. Not long ago, America underwent a tremendous civil war in the 1860s when Abraham Lincoln, who advocated for the abolition of slavery, was elected the President of the United States. The unfortunate feud ensued between the Union (the North) and Confederacy (the South), killing countless innocent people and destroying huge property.

In ancient times also, there were fierce battles between Athens and Sparta and later between different states of the Roman Empire. Several instances of state wars can be traced where civilians were forcibly involved in wars that caused civil conflict. Later Crusades at different times in different places destroyed life and property irreparable in the history of humankind. It looks like human evolution has always undergone war and peace intermittently. 

Everybody knows conflict is a vice, and harmony is a virtue. But they have not been able to put theory into practice. There are several reasons for this. Among others, racial conflict is the most vicious. There are many cases of black subjugation by the white. The blacks have been slaves to the white and severely tortured. They are segregated in many social activities. The whites also hate in their heart the other non-whites, if not openly. Even in Eastern societies, the so-called lower caste people are socially excluded. This has been the practice in many conflict-ridden societies both in the West and the East. Compared to Western society, there are fewer instances of conflict in the Eastern world. 

In South Asia, we have witnessed some instances of violence in the previous century after the independence of India from British colonisation. Even today there are sporadic incidents of violence between India and Pakistan in the name of religion. Yet there is peace and order on the whole. Even in our country, a decade-long Maoist insurgency gave birth to an ethnic conflict, although the Maoist Party had announced what it called a “people’s war” guided by the Maoist ideology. This movement was said to be based on Marxism, which is often understood as the class war between haves and have-nots. About 17,000 people lost their dear lives leaving alone their loved ones. Fortunately, however, this conflict ended with the 12-point comprehensive agreement promising to establish a system of peace and order permanently.  

Since when the decade-long war ended, we have been living in peace. With the promulgation of the constitution in 2015, all people of different castes, religions, and languages have been hailed as equal. In the eye of the law, therefore, all Nepalis are one. It states there will be no discrimination in terms of caste, class, gender, and regionality. If what the constitution says is truly implementable in our context, it is very likely that ours will be really an egalitarian society. 

However, things have not gone as they are expected to go. There is still inequality among people of different castes, classes, and ethnicities. Despite less discrepancy between the Brahmans and Chhetris, there is immense discrimination against the Dalits in this country. Until recently, the Dalits were not allowed to enter the temples where Brahmans were the priests. Even today, the Dalits are excluded from many social activities, mostly in marriage affairs.  

Social harmony

It may be impractical to imagine an ideal city as envisaged by Plato. In modern states, there can be no rulers who would be most reluctant to rule. Nor do some enlightened citizens would believe in the divine idea and would discard the pleasure of material comfort. Nor can there be Ramarajya, where everyone would be happy, and no one would be unhappy. Social life has been more complicated in modern times due to rapid population growth and excessive exploitation of natural and economic resources. Even in modern times, some ideal democratic leaders have dreamt of ideal states. As Thomas Jefferson (1776) in the Declaration of American Independence suggests, every citizen must have an inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 

In this sense, the state should guarantee the rights of people and offer the possibility of freedom, equality, and justice. Social harmony is not an exotic thing that can be transplanted from other planets. This is a practice that has to be done by people of all castes and creeds. The argument that the oppressors should be lenient to the oppressed is only an ideal that cannot be put into practice in the real sense. Both oppressors and the oppressed should be tolerant of each other. Every citizen should think of other citizens as those with similar blood and flesh; thus, they are equal in every sense. Therefore, ideal social harmony may not exist in modern societies soon. Yet there can be exemplary social harmony free of conflict between people of socio-culturally constructed hierarchy if we try hard in true spirit.  

(The author is the chairman of Molung Foundation. [email protected])

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Wednesday, 24 April 2024 12:42 PM

Former President Bhandari stresses social harmony

Published On: October 6, 2023 06:30 PM NPT By: Republica  | @RepublicaNepal

KATHMANDU, Oct 6: Former President Bidya Devi Bhandari has appealed to one and all to become responsible, exercise restraint and adopt forbearance in the context of some recent activities in several places of the country undermining social harmony.

Issuing a public message appealing to everyone to maintain social unity and harmony, she has drawn everyone’s attention towards the incidents capable of raising serious questions on the religious, cultural and inter-community goodwill and tolerance subsisting since centuries in the Nepali society. 

The former head-of-state said, "I want to draw the attention of all towards the use of fake news and misleading information as well to foment activities pitting the Nepali people against each other to the extent of disturbing peace in society and having a negative impact on the compliance of the existing laws." 

Stating that Nepalis have been internalizing religious, cultural, linguistic and caste diversity in society as the country's beauty and asset, she reiterated that unity in diversity, mutual goodwill and tolerance are our national strength. 

Noting that the Constitution of Nepal provides respect and right to equality to all Nepali people, she stressed the fact that our constitution, laws and political structure have given adequate space to all citizens to follow without hindrance their respective faiths, culture, customs and traditions.

"In our country there is no such situation in which anyone has to harbor the feeling of superiority or inferiority due to one's particular geographical, racial, linguistic or cultural background," former President Bhandari said.

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Nepal says it will ban TikTok, citing effect on ‘social harmony’

Minister for communications and information technology says the popular video-sharing platform ‘disrupts family structures’

Nepal has said it will ban TikTok , citing negative effects on the country’s “social harmony”.

The popular video-sharing platform, which has around a billion monthly users, has faced restrictions in many countries for alleged breaches of data rules and for the potentially harmful impact on youth of some content.

“The decision to ban was made today, and relevant authorities are currently addressing the technical issues,” the minister for communications and information technology, Rekha Sharma, said on Monday.

Sharma said the decision was made because TikTok was consistently used to share content that “disturbs social harmony and disrupts family structures and social relations”. She did not specify what had triggered the ban.

Hours after the decision was made public, videos on the ban had thousands on views on TikTok.

Gagan Thapa, leader of the Nepali Congress party which is part of the ruling coalition, said the government’s intention seems to be to “stifle freedom of expression”.

“Regulation is necessary to discourage those who abuse social media, but shutting down social media in the name of regulation is completely wrong,” he said in a post on X, formerly known as Twitter.

The decision comes days after Nepal introduced a directive requiring social media platforms operating in the country to set up offices.

TikTok is the sixth-most used social platform in the world, according to the We Are Social marketing agency. Multiple countries have sought to tighten controls on social media due to their potential impact on children.

TikTok’s owner, ByteDance, is Chinese, but the company rejects criticism that it is under Beijing’s direct control. Although it lags behind the likes of Meta’s long-dominant trio of Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram, its growth among young people far outstrips its competitors.

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Nepal is a Country of Unity in Geographical Diversity ! Any Doubt? Get Explain …

Get here a detailed explanation and information about unity in the diversity of Nepal. Read here how Nepal is a country of unity in diversity. Get explain. Get here unity in diversity in Nepal essay. Read here the short essay on unity in diversity in Nepal. We are here with an essay on the unity in diversity of Nepal, an article on unity in diversity in Nepal, a short essay on unity in diversity in Nepal, “Nepal is a multiracial multilingual multi-religious and multi-cultural country”justify, Nepal is a land of diversity, Nepal is a land of geographical diversity, and Nepal is a land of geographical diversity justify.

Nepal is a Country of Unity in Geographical Diversity! Any Doubt? Get Explain …

People of all faith, nationalities, and color irrespective of all these differences living peacefully in mutual trust as a society is a social harmony. It is related to political economic, cultural, and environmental dimensions. It is the experience, behavior, and interaction of persons. It is a social ideal that governs family and interpersonal relations.

Similarly, the willingness to accept feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from your own is known as tolerance. It is a fair, objective, and permissive attitude toward opinions, beliefs, and practices that differ from one’s own.

Social harmony and tolerance are the unique features of Nepalese society. These are reflected in our social, cultural, and religious ideals. Law, order, and stability contribute to social harmony and tolerance. It is important to understand that a harmonious and tolerant society is “democratic and ruled by law. It is fair and just trustworthy and fraternal, full of vitality, stable and orderly, and maintains harmony between man and nature.”.

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Unity in Diversity

Unity means wholeness, harmony, solidarity, and peace and diversity is variety or diversification. Unity in diversity refers to the idea of diversity as a unifying principle, rather than uniformity. Hence, unity in diversity means all nationalities living in a country being one and maintaining their respective diversity. It is a concept of “unity without uniformity and diversity without fragmentation.” It is unity based on tolerance of physical, cultural, linguistic, social, religious, political, and ideological differences. It is a nonviolent thought. It aims for a more complex unity based on understanding and cooperation among people of different backgrounds and cultures.

Importance of Unity in Diversity in Nepal

We all should have a common feeling of unity and integration. Such a feeling leads to the efforts of all nationalities within a country for peace, harmony, and development. It is one of the essential requirements of any modern democratic country. There is a greater need for unity in diversity in a country like Nepal, where more than 125 nationalities and 123 dialects are found. Nepal has tremendous social, lingual, cultural, traditional, and religious diversities. It is essential for peace and prosperity to maintain unity among them without hurting our unique characteristics.

Diversity is our reality. We can’t fight against it. It has to be taken positively and as our strength rather than a problem. This feature of diversity has made our country unique and rich in its way. Every language, custom, culture, tradition, religion, and nationality that we have is our national strength, beauty, and wealth. We should try to protect and promote them as they are. It is paramountly important that unity is maintained without compromising diversity. By maintaining unity, cohesiveness, and harmony in our diversity, we can take benefit from each others’ skills, knowledge, and expertise and make our country richer, stronger, and more viable. Our national anthem has carried out the feeling of unity in diversity.

Likewise, from a religious point of view, Nepal is a secular state. So, people enjoy freedom. So, they follow the religions according to their will and relish. Hinduism and Buddhism are the prime religions, yet there prevail others like Christianity, Sikh, Muslim, and so on. That’s why Nepal is rightly remarked as a common garden of all castes and sub-casts. This statement mirrors out rainbow colors of Nepal.

Undoubtedly, Nepal is a land of diversity. Togetherly there is unity. There is no discrimination and conflict in the name of caste and creed. The peace-loving people love their language, religion, and culture and equally respect others. There are perfect harmony and religious tolerance among the people. They consider themselves members of a huge family in Nepal. Nepal is a land of unity in diversity. Furthermore, Nepal is a galaxy of fascination and experience and best of all ‘A living ethnographic museum for sociologists and anthropologists.”

People of all faith, nationalities, and color irrespective of all these differences living peacefully in mutual trust as a society is a social harmony. Unity in diversity refers to the idea of diversity as a unifying principle, rather than uniformity. There is a greater need for unity in diversity in a country like Nepal, where more than 125 nationalities and 123 dialects are found. Our national anthem has carried out the feeling of unity in diversity.

Emailed by Writer : Saroj Khadka, Tanahu

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Why Did Modi Call India’s Muslims ‘Infiltrators’? Because He Could.

The brazenness of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vilification of India’s largest minority group made clear he sees few checks at home or abroad on his power.

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Modi Calls Muslims ‘Infiltrators’ in Speech During India Elections

Prime minister narendra modi of india was criticized by the opposition for remarks he made during a speech to voters in rajasthan state..

I’m sorry, this is a very disgraceful speech made by the prime minister. But, you know, the fact is that people realize that when he says the Congress Party is going to take all your wealth and give it to the Muslims, that this is just a nakedly communal appeal which normally any civilized election commission would disallow and warn the candidate for speaking like this.

By Mujib Mashal

Reporting from New Delhi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, his power at home secured and his Hindu-first vision deeply entrenched, has set his sights in recent years on a role as a global statesman , riding India’s economic and diplomatic rise. In doing so, he has distanced himself from his party’s staple work of polarizing India’s diverse population along religious lines for its own electoral gain.

His silence provided tacit backing as vigilante groups continued to target non-Hindu minority groups and as members of his party routinely used hateful and racist language , even in Parliament, against the largest of those groups, India’s 200 million Muslims. With the pot kept boiling, Mr. Modi’s subtle dog whistles — with references to Muslim dress or burial places — could go a long way domestically while providing enough deniability to ensure that red carpets remained rolled out abroad for the man leading the world’s largest democracy.

Just what drove the prime minister to break with this calculated pattern in a fiery campaign speech on Sunday — when he referred to Muslims by name as “infiltrators” with “more children” who would get India’s wealth if his opponents took power — has been hotly debated. It could be a sign of anxiety that his standing with voters is not as firm as believed, analysts said. Or it could be just a reflexive expression of the kind of divisive religious ideology that has fueled his politics from the start.

But the brazenness made clear that Mr. Modi sees few checks on his enormous power. At home, watchdog institutions have been largely bent to the will of his Bharatiya Janata Party, or B.J.P. Abroad, partners increasingly turn a blind eye to what Mr. Modi is doing in India as they embrace the country as a democratic counterweight to China.

“Modi is one of the world’s most skilled and experienced politicians,” said Daniel Markey, a senior adviser in the South Asia program at the United States Institute of Peace. “He would not have made these comments unless he believed he could get away with it.”

Mr. Modi may have been trying to demonstrate this impunity, Mr. Markey said, “to intimidate the B.J.P.’s political opponents and to show them — and their supporters — just how little they can do in response.”

The prime minister sees himself as the builder of a new, modern India on the march toward development and international respect. But he also wants to leave a legacy that is distinctly different from that of the leaders who founded the country as a secular republic after British colonial rule.

Before joining its political offshoot, he spent more than a decade as a cultural foot soldier of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, or R.S.S., a right-wing organization founded in 1925 with the mission of making India a Hindu state. The group viewed it as treason when an independent India agreed to a partition that created Pakistan as a separate nation for Muslims, embraced secularism and gave all citizens equal rights. A onetime member went so far as to assassinate Mohandas K. Gandhi in outrage.

Over his decade in national power, Mr. Modi has been deeply effective in advancing some of the central items of the Hindu-right agenda. He abolished the semi-autonomy of the Muslim-majority state of Jammu and Kashmir. He enacted a citizenship law widely viewed as prejudiced against Muslims. And he helped see through the construction of a grand temple to the Hindu deity Ram on a plot long disputed between Hindus and Muslims.

The violent razing in 1992 of the mosque that had stood on that land — which Hindu groups said was built on the plot of a previous temple — was central to the national movement of Hindu assertiveness that ultimately swept Mr. Modi to power more than two decades later.

More profoundly, Mr. Modi has shown that the broader goals of a Hindu state can largely be achieved within the bounds of India’s constitution — by co-opting the institutions meant to protect equality.

Officials in his party have a ready rebuttal to any complaint along these lines. How could Mr. Modi discriminate against anyone, they say, if all Indian citizens benefit equally from his government’s robust welfare offerings — of toilets, of roofs over heads, of monthly rations?

That argument, analysts say, is telling in showing how Mr. Modi has redefined democratic power not as leadership within checks and balances, but as the broad generosity of a strongman, even as he has redefined citizenship in practice to make clear there is a second class.

Secularism — the idea that no religion will be favored over any other — has largely been co-opted to mean that no religion will be allowed to deny Hindus their dominance as the country’s majority, his critics say. Officials under Mr. Modi, who wear their religion on their sleeves and publicly mix prayer with politics, crack down on public expressions of other religions as breaching India’s secularism.

While right-wing officials promote conversion to Hinduism, which they describe as a “return home,” they have introduced laws within many of the states they govern that criminalize conversion from Hinduism. Egged on by such leaders, Hindu extremists have lynched Muslim men accused of transporting cows or beef and hounded them over charges of “love jihad” — or luring Hindu women. Vigilantes have frequently barged into churches and accosted priests they believe have engaged in proselytizing or conversion.

“What they have done is to create a permissive environment which encourages hate and valorizes hate,” said Harsh Mander, a former civil servant who is now a campaigner for social harmony.

In reference to Mr. Modi’s speech on Sunday, he added: “This open resort to this kind of hate speech will only encourage that hard-line Hindu right in society.”

Tom Vadakkan, a spokesman for the B.J.P., said the prime minister’s comments on Muslims had been misinterpreted. Mr. Modi, Mr. Vadakkan said, was referring to “intruders” or “illegal migrants” who the party claims are being used by the political opposition to “redefine the demography.”

Privately, Western diplomats in New Delhi do little to hide their discomfort with some of Mr. Modi actions as a democratic ally, from the targeting of minorities to his crackdowns on opposition and dissent. But they acknowledge that he is exploiting a particularly open season in the global order, with many of their own capitals providing a less positive example than they once did, and with so much focus on China and trade deals.

Mr. Markey, the Washington-based analyst, said the U.S. government was holding back from voicing concerns publicly for several reasons beyond its national interest in having India serve as an economic and geopolitical counterweight to China.

The United States, he said, realizes the growing limits of its public criticism in changing partner nations’ behavior. That was demonstrated most recently by the repeated instances in which Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel ignored President Biden’s demands that the Israeli military change its conduct within the war in Gaza.

Criticism of Mr. Modi, Mr. Markey added, could also backfire for U.S. politicians who “do not want to get crosswise with Indian diaspora groups.”

But Mr. Modi may not remain immune as he pursues closer partnerships with the United States in areas like joint weapons manufacturing, transfer of high technology and sharing of intelligence.

“My sense is that Washington’s increasing discomfort with Modi’s domestic politics is gradually lowering the ceiling of potential U.S. cooperation with India,” Mr. Markey said. “The question is just how far Washington is willing to trust India. Will India be treated as an ally in everything but name, or as a partner more like Vietnam or Saudi Arabia?”

Hari Kumar contributed reporting.

Mujib Mashal is the South Asia bureau chief for The Times, helping to lead coverage of India and the diverse region around it, including Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan. More about Mujib Mashal