essays write

How to Write an Essay

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Essay Writing Fundamentals

How to prepare to write an essay, how to edit an essay, how to share and publish your essays, how to get essay writing help, how to find essay writing inspiration, resources for teaching essay writing.

Essays, short prose compositions on a particular theme or topic, are the bread and butter of academic life. You write them in class, for homework, and on standardized tests to show what you know. Unlike other kinds of academic writing (like the research paper) and creative writing (like short stories and poems), essays allow you to develop your original thoughts on a prompt or question. Essays come in many varieties: they can be expository (fleshing out an idea or claim), descriptive, (explaining a person, place, or thing), narrative (relating a personal experience), or persuasive (attempting to win over a reader). This guide is a collection of dozens of links about academic essay writing that we have researched, categorized, and annotated in order to help you improve your essay writing. 

Essays are different from other forms of writing; in turn, there are different kinds of essays. This section contains general resources for getting to know the essay and its variants. These resources introduce and define the essay as a genre, and will teach you what to expect from essay-based assessments.

Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab

One of the most trusted academic writing sites, Purdue OWL provides a concise introduction to the four most common types of academic essays.

"The Essay: History and Definition" (ThoughtCo)

This snappy article from ThoughtCo talks about the origins of the essay and different kinds of essays you might be asked to write. 

"What Is An Essay?" Video Lecture (Coursera)

The University of California at Irvine's free video lecture, available on Coursera, tells  you everything you need to know about the essay.

Wikipedia Article on the "Essay"

Wikipedia's article on the essay is comprehensive, providing both English-language and global perspectives on the essay form. Learn about the essay's history, forms, and styles.

"Understanding College and Academic Writing" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This list of common academic writing assignments (including types of essay prompts) will help you know what to expect from essay-based assessments.

Before you start writing your essay, you need to figure out who you're writing for (audience), what you're writing about (topic/theme), and what you're going to say (argument and thesis). This section contains links to handouts, chapters, videos and more to help you prepare to write an essay.

How to Identify Your Audience

"Audience" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This handout provides questions you can ask yourself to determine the audience for an academic writing assignment. It also suggests strategies for fitting your paper to your intended audience.

"Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content" (Univ. of Minnesota Libraries)

This extensive book chapter from Writing for Success , available online through Minnesota Libraries Publishing, is followed by exercises to try out your new pre-writing skills.

"Determining Audience" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This guide from a community college's writing center shows you how to know your audience, and how to incorporate that knowledge in your thesis statement.

"Know Your Audience" ( Paper Rater Blog)

This short blog post uses examples to show how implied audiences for essays differ. It reminds you to think of your instructor as an observer, who will know only the information you pass along.

How to Choose a Theme or Topic

"Research Tutorial: Developing Your Topic" (YouTube)

Take a look at this short video tutorial from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to understand the basics of developing a writing topic.

"How to Choose a Paper Topic" (WikiHow)

This simple, step-by-step guide (with pictures!) walks you through choosing a paper topic. It starts with a detailed description of brainstorming and ends with strategies to refine your broad topic.

"How to Read an Assignment: Moving From Assignment to Topic" (Harvard College Writing Center)

Did your teacher give you a prompt or other instructions? This guide helps you understand the relationship between an essay assignment and your essay's topic.

"Guidelines for Choosing a Topic" (CliffsNotes)

This study guide from CliffsNotes both discusses how to choose a topic and makes a useful distinction between "topic" and "thesis."

How to Come Up with an Argument

"Argument" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

Not sure what "argument" means in the context of academic writing? This page from the University of North Carolina is a good place to start.

"The Essay Guide: Finding an Argument" (Study Hub)

This handout explains why it's important to have an argument when beginning your essay, and provides tools to help you choose a viable argument.

"Writing a Thesis and Making an Argument" (University of Iowa)

This page from the University of Iowa's Writing Center contains exercises through which you can develop and refine your argument and thesis statement.

"Developing a Thesis" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This page from Harvard's Writing Center collates some helpful dos and don'ts of argumentative writing, from steps in constructing a thesis to avoiding vague and confrontational thesis statements.

"Suggestions for Developing Argumentative Essays" (Berkeley Student Learning Center)

This page offers concrete suggestions for each stage of the essay writing process, from topic selection to drafting and editing. 

How to Outline your Essay

"Outlines" (Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill via YouTube)

This short video tutorial from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill shows how to group your ideas into paragraphs or sections to begin the outlining process.

"Essay Outline" (Univ. of Washington Tacoma)

This two-page handout by a university professor simply defines the parts of an essay and then organizes them into an example outline.

"Types of Outlines and Samples" (Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab)

Purdue OWL gives examples of diverse outline strategies on this page, including the alphanumeric, full sentence, and decimal styles. 

"Outlining" (Harvard College Writing Center)

Once you have an argument, according to this handout, there are only three steps in the outline process: generalizing, ordering, and putting it all together. Then you're ready to write!

"Writing Essays" (Plymouth Univ.)

This packet, part of Plymouth University's Learning Development series, contains descriptions and diagrams relating to the outlining process.

"How to Write A Good Argumentative Essay: Logical Structure" (Criticalthinkingtutorials.com via YouTube)

This longer video tutorial gives an overview of how to structure your essay in order to support your argument or thesis. It is part of a longer course on academic writing hosted on Udemy.

Now that you've chosen and refined your topic and created an outline, use these resources to complete the writing process. Most essays contain introductions (which articulate your thesis statement), body paragraphs, and conclusions. Transitions facilitate the flow from one paragraph to the next so that support for your thesis builds throughout the essay. Sources and citations show where you got the evidence to support your thesis, which ensures that you avoid plagiarism. 

How to Write an Introduction

"Introductions" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page identifies the role of the introduction in any successful paper, suggests strategies for writing introductions, and warns against less effective introductions.

"How to Write A Good Introduction" (Michigan State Writing Center)

Beginning with the most common missteps in writing introductions, this guide condenses the essentials of introduction composition into seven points.

"The Introductory Paragraph" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post from academic advisor and college enrollment counselor Grace Fleming focuses on ways to grab your reader's attention at the beginning of your essay.

"Introductions and Conclusions" (Univ. of Toronto)

This guide from the University of Toronto gives advice that applies to writing both introductions and conclusions, including dos and don'ts.

"How to Write Better Essays: No One Does Introductions Properly" ( The Guardian )

This news article interviews UK professors on student essay writing; they point to introductions as the area that needs the most improvement.

How to Write a Thesis Statement

"Writing an Effective Thesis Statement" (YouTube)

This short, simple video tutorial from a college composition instructor at Tulsa Community College explains what a thesis statement is and what it does. 

"Thesis Statement: Four Steps to a Great Essay" (YouTube)

This fantastic tutorial walks you through drafting a thesis, using an essay prompt on Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter as an example.

"How to Write a Thesis Statement" (WikiHow)

This step-by-step guide (with pictures!) walks you through coming up with, writing, and editing a thesis statement. It invites you think of your statement as a "working thesis" that can change.

"How to Write a Thesis Statement" (Univ. of Indiana Bloomington)

Ask yourself the questions on this page, part of Indiana Bloomington's Writing Tutorial Services, when you're writing and refining your thesis statement.

"Writing Tips: Thesis Statements" (Univ. of Illinois Center for Writing Studies)

This page gives plentiful examples of good to great thesis statements, and offers questions to ask yourself when formulating a thesis statement.

How to Write Body Paragraphs

"Body Paragraph" (Brightstorm)

This module of a free online course introduces you to the components of a body paragraph. These include the topic sentence, information, evidence, and analysis.

"Strong Body Paragraphs" (Washington Univ.)

This handout from Washington's Writing and Research Center offers in-depth descriptions of the parts of a successful body paragraph.

"Guide to Paragraph Structure" (Deakin Univ.)

This handout is notable for color-coding example body paragraphs to help you identify the functions various sentences perform.

"Writing Body Paragraphs" (Univ. of Minnesota Libraries)

The exercises in this section of Writing for Success  will help you practice writing good body paragraphs. It includes guidance on selecting primary support for your thesis.

"The Writing Process—Body Paragraphs" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

The information and exercises on this page will familiarize you with outlining and writing body paragraphs, and includes links to more information on topic sentences and transitions.

"The Five-Paragraph Essay" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post discusses body paragraphs in the context of one of the most common academic essay types in secondary schools.

How to Use Transitions

"Transitions" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill explains what a transition is, and how to know if you need to improve your transitions.

"Using Transitions Effectively" (Washington Univ.)

This handout defines transitions, offers tips for using them, and contains a useful list of common transitional words and phrases grouped by function.

"Transitions" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This page compares paragraphs without transitions to paragraphs with transitions, and in doing so shows how important these connective words and phrases are.

"Transitions in Academic Essays" (Scribbr)

This page lists four techniques that will help you make sure your reader follows your train of thought, including grouping similar information and using transition words.

"Transitions" (El Paso Community College)

This handout shows example transitions within paragraphs for context, and explains how transitions improve your essay's flow and voice.

"Make Your Paragraphs Flow to Improve Writing" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post, another from academic advisor and college enrollment counselor Grace Fleming, talks about transitions and other strategies to improve your essay's overall flow.

"Transition Words" (smartwords.org)

This handy word bank will help you find transition words when you're feeling stuck. It's grouped by the transition's function, whether that is to show agreement, opposition, condition, or consequence.

How to Write a Conclusion

"Parts of An Essay: Conclusions" (Brightstorm)

This module of a free online course explains how to conclude an academic essay. It suggests thinking about the "3Rs": return to hook, restate your thesis, and relate to the reader.

"Essay Conclusions" (Univ. of Maryland University College)

This overview of the academic essay conclusion contains helpful examples and links to further resources for writing good conclusions.

"How to End An Essay" (WikiHow)

This step-by-step guide (with pictures!) by an English Ph.D. walks you through writing a conclusion, from brainstorming to ending with a flourish.

"Ending the Essay: Conclusions" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This page collates useful strategies for writing an effective conclusion, and reminds you to "close the discussion without closing it off" to further conversation.

How to Include Sources and Citations

"Research and Citation Resources" (Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab)

Purdue OWL streamlines information about the three most common referencing styles (MLA, Chicago, and APA) and provides examples of how to cite different resources in each system.

EasyBib: Free Bibliography Generator

This online tool allows you to input information about your source and automatically generate citations in any style. Be sure to select your resource type before clicking the "cite it" button.

CitationMachine

Like EasyBib, this online tool allows you to input information about your source and automatically generate citations in any style. 

Modern Language Association Handbook (MLA)

Here, you'll find the definitive and up-to-date record of MLA referencing rules. Order through the link above, or check to see if your library has a copy.

Chicago Manual of Style

Here, you'll find the definitive and up-to-date record of Chicago referencing rules. You can take a look at the table of contents, then choose to subscribe or start a free trial.

How to Avoid Plagiarism

"What is Plagiarism?" (plagiarism.org)

This nonprofit website contains numerous resources for identifying and avoiding plagiarism, and reminds you that even common activities like copying images from another website to your own site may constitute plagiarism.

"Plagiarism" (University of Oxford)

This interactive page from the University of Oxford helps you check for plagiarism in your work, making it clear how to avoid citing another person's work without full acknowledgement.

"Avoiding Plagiarism" (MIT Comparative Media Studies)

This quick guide explains what plagiarism is, what its consequences are, and how to avoid it. It starts by defining three words—quotation, paraphrase, and summary—that all constitute citation.

"Harvard Guide to Using Sources" (Harvard Extension School)

This comprehensive website from Harvard brings together articles, videos, and handouts about referencing, citation, and plagiarism. 

Grammarly contains tons of helpful grammar and writing resources, including a free tool to automatically scan your essay to check for close affinities to published work. 

Noplag is another popular online tool that automatically scans your essay to check for signs of plagiarism. Simply copy and paste your essay into the box and click "start checking."

Once you've written your essay, you'll want to edit (improve content), proofread (check for spelling and grammar mistakes), and finalize your work until you're ready to hand it in. This section brings together tips and resources for navigating the editing process. 

"Writing a First Draft" (Academic Help)

This is an introduction to the drafting process from the site Academic Help, with tips for getting your ideas on paper before editing begins.

"Editing and Proofreading" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page provides general strategies for revising your writing. They've intentionally left seven errors in the handout, to give you practice in spotting them.

"How to Proofread Effectively" (ThoughtCo)

This article from ThoughtCo, along with those linked at the bottom, help describe common mistakes to check for when proofreading.

"7 Simple Edits That Make Your Writing 100% More Powerful" (SmartBlogger)

This blog post emphasizes the importance of powerful, concise language, and reminds you that even your personal writing heroes create clunky first drafts.

"Editing Tips for Effective Writing" (Univ. of Pennsylvania)

On this page from Penn's International Relations department, you'll find tips for effective prose, errors to watch out for, and reminders about formatting.

"Editing the Essay" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This article, the first of two parts, gives you applicable strategies for the editing process. It suggests reading your essay aloud, removing any jargon, and being unafraid to remove even "dazzling" sentences that don't belong.

"Guide to Editing and Proofreading" (Oxford Learning Institute)

This handout from Oxford covers the basics of editing and proofreading, and reminds you that neither task should be rushed. 

In addition to plagiarism-checkers, Grammarly has a plug-in for your web browser that checks your writing for common mistakes.

After you've prepared, written, and edited your essay, you might want to share it outside the classroom. This section alerts you to print and web opportunities to share your essays with the wider world, from online writing communities and blogs to published journals geared toward young writers.

Sharing Your Essays Online

Go Teen Writers

Go Teen Writers is an online community for writers aged 13 - 19. It was founded by Stephanie Morrill, an author of contemporary young adult novels. 

Tumblr is a blogging website where you can share your writing and interact with other writers online. It's easy to add photos, links, audio, and video components.

Writersky provides an online platform for publishing and reading other youth writers' work. Its current content is mostly devoted to fiction.

Publishing Your Essays Online

This teen literary journal publishes in print, on the web, and (more frequently), on a blog. It is committed to ensuring that "teens see their authentic experience reflected on its pages."

The Matador Review

This youth writing platform celebrates "alternative," unconventional writing. The link above will take you directly to the site's "submissions" page.

Teen Ink has a website, monthly newsprint magazine, and quarterly poetry magazine promoting the work of young writers.

The largest online reading platform, Wattpad enables you to publish your work and read others' work. Its inline commenting feature allows you to share thoughts as you read along.

Publishing Your Essays in Print

Canvas Teen Literary Journal

This quarterly literary magazine is published for young writers by young writers. They accept many kinds of writing, including essays.

The Claremont Review

This biannual international magazine, first published in 1992, publishes poetry, essays, and short stories from writers aged 13 - 19.

Skipping Stones

This young writers magazine, founded in 1988, celebrates themes relating to ecological and cultural diversity. It publishes poems, photos, articles, and stories.

The Telling Room

This nonprofit writing center based in Maine publishes children's work on their website and in book form. The link above directs you to the site's submissions page.

Essay Contests

Scholastic Arts and Writing Awards

This prestigious international writing contest for students in grades 7 - 12 has been committed to "supporting the future of creativity since 1923."

Society of Professional Journalists High School Essay Contest

An annual essay contest on the theme of journalism and media, the Society of Professional Journalists High School Essay Contest awards scholarships up to $1,000.

National YoungArts Foundation

Here, you'll find information on a government-sponsored writing competition for writers aged 15 - 18. The foundation welcomes submissions of creative nonfiction, novels, scripts, poetry, short story and spoken word.

Signet Classics Student Scholarship Essay Contest

With prompts on a different literary work each year, this competition from Signet Classics awards college scholarships up to $1,000.

"The Ultimate Guide to High School Essay Contests" (CollegeVine)

See this handy guide from CollegeVine for a list of more competitions you can enter with your academic essay, from the National Council of Teachers of English Achievement Awards to the National High School Essay Contest by the U.S. Institute of Peace.

Whether you're struggling to write academic essays or you think you're a pro, there are workshops and online tools that can help you become an even better writer. Even the most seasoned writers encounter writer's block, so be proactive and look through our curated list of resources to combat this common frustration.

Online Essay-writing Classes and Workshops

"Getting Started with Essay Writing" (Coursera)

Coursera offers lots of free, high-quality online classes taught by college professors. Here's one example, taught by instructors from the University of California Irvine.

"Writing and English" (Brightstorm)

Brightstorm's free video lectures are easy to navigate by topic. This unit on the parts of an essay features content on the essay hook, thesis, supporting evidence, and more.

"How to Write an Essay" (EdX)

EdX is another open online university course website with several two- to five-week courses on the essay. This one is geared toward English language learners.

Writer's Digest University

This renowned writers' website offers online workshops and interactive tutorials. The courses offered cover everything from how to get started through how to get published.

Writing.com

Signing up for this online writer's community gives you access to helpful resources as well as an international community of writers.

How to Overcome Writer's Block

"Symptoms and Cures for Writer's Block" (Purdue OWL)

Purdue OWL offers a list of signs you might have writer's block, along with ways to overcome it. Consider trying out some "invention strategies" or ways to curb writing anxiety.

"Overcoming Writer's Block: Three Tips" ( The Guardian )

These tips, geared toward academic writing specifically, are practical and effective. The authors advocate setting realistic goals, creating dedicated writing time, and participating in social writing.

"Writing Tips: Strategies for Overcoming Writer's Block" (Univ. of Illinois)

This page from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Center for Writing Studies acquaints you with strategies that do and do not work to overcome writer's block.

"Writer's Block" (Univ. of Toronto)

Ask yourself the questions on this page; if the answer is "yes," try out some of the article's strategies. Each question is accompanied by at least two possible solutions.

If you have essays to write but are short on ideas, this section's links to prompts, example student essays, and celebrated essays by professional writers might help. You'll find writing prompts from a variety of sources, student essays to inspire you, and a number of essay writing collections.

Essay Writing Prompts

"50 Argumentative Essay Topics" (ThoughtCo)

Take a look at this list and the others ThoughtCo has curated for different kinds of essays. As the author notes, "a number of these topics are controversial and that's the point."

"401 Prompts for Argumentative Writing" ( New York Times )

This list (and the linked lists to persuasive and narrative writing prompts), besides being impressive in length, is put together by actual high school English teachers.

"SAT Sample Essay Prompts" (College Board)

If you're a student in the U.S., your classroom essay prompts are likely modeled on the prompts in U.S. college entrance exams. Take a look at these official examples from the SAT.

"Popular College Application Essay Topics" (Princeton Review)

This page from the Princeton Review dissects recent Common Application essay topics and discusses strategies for answering them.

Example Student Essays

"501 Writing Prompts" (DePaul Univ.)

This nearly 200-page packet, compiled by the LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team, is stuffed with writing prompts, example essays, and commentary.

"Topics in English" (Kibin)

Kibin is a for-pay essay help website, but its example essays (organized by topic) are available for free. You'll find essays on everything from  A Christmas Carol  to perseverance.

"Student Writing Models" (Thoughtful Learning)

Thoughtful Learning, a website that offers a variety of teaching materials, provides sample student essays on various topics and organizes them by grade level.

"Five-Paragraph Essay" (ThoughtCo)

In this blog post by a former professor of English and rhetoric, ThoughtCo brings together examples of five-paragraph essays and commentary on the form.

The Best Essay Writing Collections

The Best American Essays of the Century by Joyce Carol Oates (Amazon)

This collection of American essays spanning the twentieth century was compiled by award winning author and Princeton professor Joyce Carol Oates.

The Best American Essays 2017 by Leslie Jamison (Amazon)

Leslie Jamison, the celebrated author of essay collection  The Empathy Exams , collects recent, high-profile essays into a single volume.

The Art of the Personal Essay by Phillip Lopate (Amazon)

Documentary writer Phillip Lopate curates this historical overview of the personal essay's development, from the classical era to the present.

The White Album by Joan Didion (Amazon)

This seminal essay collection was authored by one of the most acclaimed personal essayists of all time, American journalist Joan Didion.

Consider the Lobster by David Foster Wallace (Amazon)

Read this famous essay collection by David Foster Wallace, who is known for his experimentation with the essay form. He pushed the boundaries of personal essay, reportage, and political polemic.

"50 Successful Harvard Application Essays" (Staff of the The Harvard Crimson )

If you're looking for examples of exceptional college application essays, this volume from Harvard's daily student newspaper is one of the best collections on the market.

Are you an instructor looking for the best resources for teaching essay writing? This section contains resources for developing in-class activities and student homework assignments. You'll find content from both well-known university writing centers and online writing labs.

Essay Writing Classroom Activities for Students

"In-class Writing Exercises" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page lists exercises related to brainstorming, organizing, drafting, and revising. It also contains suggestions for how to implement the suggested exercises.

"Teaching with Writing" (Univ. of Minnesota Center for Writing)

Instructions and encouragement for using "freewriting," one-minute papers, logbooks, and other write-to-learn activities in the classroom can be found here.

"Writing Worksheets" (Berkeley Student Learning Center)

Berkeley offers this bank of writing worksheets to use in class. They are nested under headings for "Prewriting," "Revision," "Research Papers" and more.

"Using Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism" (DePaul University)

Use these activities and worksheets from DePaul's Teaching Commons when instructing students on proper academic citation practices.

Essay Writing Homework Activities for Students

"Grammar and Punctuation Exercises" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

These five interactive online activities allow students to practice editing and proofreading. They'll hone their skills in correcting comma splices and run-ons, identifying fragments, using correct pronoun agreement, and comma usage.

"Student Interactives" (Read Write Think)

Read Write Think hosts interactive tools, games, and videos for developing writing skills. They can practice organizing and summarizing, writing poetry, and developing lines of inquiry and analysis.

This free website offers writing and grammar activities for all grade levels. The lessons are designed to be used both for large classes and smaller groups.

"Writing Activities and Lessons for Every Grade" (Education World)

Education World's page on writing activities and lessons links you to more free, online resources for learning how to "W.R.I.T.E.": write, revise, inform, think, and edit.

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• Tips for Reading an Assignment Prompt
• Asking Analytical Questions
• Introductions
• What Do Introductions Across the Disciplines Have in Common?
• Anatomy of a Body Paragraph
• Transitions
• Tips for Organizing Your Essay
• Counterargument
• Conclusions
• Strategies for Essay Writing: Downloadable PDFs
• Brief Guides to Writing in the Disciplines

Sample Essays

The breadth of Georgetown’s core curriculum means that students are required to write for a wide variety of academic disciplines. Below, we provide some student samples that exhibit the key features the most popular genres. When reading through these essays, we recommend paying attention to their 

1. Structure (How many paragraphs are there? Does the author use headers?) 

2. Argument (Is the author pointing out a problem, and/or proposing a solution?) 

3. Content (Does the argument principally rely on facts, theory, or logic?) and 

4. Style (Does the writer use first person? What is the relationship with the audience?)

Philosophy Paper

• Singer on the Moral Status of Animals

Theology Paper

• Problem of God
• Jewish Civilization
• Sacred Space and Time
• Phenolphthalein in Alkaline Solution

History Paper

• World History

Literature Review

Comparative Analysis 

Policy Brief

• Vaccine Manufacturing

White Paper

Critical Analysis

• Ignatius Seminar

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 177 college essay examples for 11 schools + expert analysis.

College Admissions , College Essays

The personal statement might just be the hardest part of your college application. Mostly this is because it has the least guidance and is the most open-ended. One way to understand what colleges are looking for when they ask you to write an essay is to check out the essays of students who already got in—college essays that actually worked. After all, they must be among the most successful of this weird literary genre.

In this article, I'll go through general guidelines for what makes great college essays great. I've also compiled an enormous list of 100+ actual sample college essays from 11 different schools. Finally, I'll break down two of these published college essay examples and explain why and how they work. With links to 177 full essays and essay excerpts , this article is a great resource for learning how to craft your own personal college admissions essay!

What Excellent College Essays Have in Common

Even though in many ways these sample college essays are very different from one other, they do share some traits you should try to emulate as you write your own essay.

Visible Signs of Planning

Building out from a narrow, concrete focus. You'll see a similar structure in many of the essays. The author starts with a very detailed story of an event or description of a person or place. After this sense-heavy imagery, the essay expands out to make a broader point about the author, and connects this very memorable experience to the author's present situation, state of mind, newfound understanding, or maturity level.

Knowing how to tell a story. Some of the experiences in these essays are one-of-a-kind. But most deal with the stuff of everyday life. What sets them apart is the way the author approaches the topic: analyzing it for drama and humor, for its moving qualities, for what it says about the author's world, and for how it connects to the author's emotional life.

Stellar Execution

A killer first sentence. You've heard it before, and you'll hear it again: you have to suck the reader in, and the best place to do that is the first sentence. Great first sentences are punchy. They are like cliffhangers, setting up an exciting scene or an unusual situation with an unclear conclusion, in order to make the reader want to know more. Don't take my word for it—check out these 22 first sentences from Stanford applicants and tell me you don't want to read the rest of those essays to find out what happens!

A lively, individual voice. Writing is for readers. In this case, your reader is an admissions officer who has read thousands of essays before yours and will read thousands after. Your goal? Don't bore your reader. Use interesting descriptions, stay away from clichés, include your own offbeat observations—anything that makes this essay sounds like you and not like anyone else.

Technical correctness. No spelling mistakes, no grammar weirdness, no syntax issues, no punctuation snafus—each of these sample college essays has been formatted and proofread perfectly. If this kind of exactness is not your strong suit, you're in luck! All colleges advise applicants to have their essays looked over several times by parents, teachers, mentors, and anyone else who can spot a comma splice. Your essay must be your own work, but there is absolutely nothing wrong with getting help polishing it.

And if you need more guidance, connect with PrepScholar's expert admissions consultants . These expert writers know exactly what college admissions committees look for in an admissions essay and chan help you craft an essay that boosts your chances of getting into your dream school.

Check out PrepScholar's Essay Editing and Coaching progra m for more details!

Links to Full College Essay Examples

Some colleges publish a selection of their favorite accepted college essays that worked, and I've put together a selection of over 100 of these.

Common App Essay Samples

Please note that some of these college essay examples may be responding to prompts that are no longer in use. The current Common App prompts are as follows:

1. Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. 2. The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? 3. Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome? 4. Reflect on something that someone has done for you that has made you happy or thankful in a surprising way. How has this gratitude affected or motivated you? 5. Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others. 6. Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more?

7. Share an essay on any topic of your choice. It can be one you've already written, one that responds to a different prompt, or one of your own design.

Now, let's get to the good stuff: the list of 177 college essay examples responding to current and past Common App essay prompts. 

Connecticut college.

• 12 Common Application essays from the classes of 2022-2025

Hamilton College

• 7 Common Application essays from the class of 2026
• 7 Common Application essays from the class of 2022
• 7 Common Application essays from the class of 2018
• 8 Common Application essays from the class of 2012
• 8 Common Application essays from the class of 2007

Johns Hopkins

These essays are answers to past prompts from either the Common Application or the Coalition Application (which Johns Hopkins used to accept).

• 1 Common Application or Coalition Application essay from the class of 2026
• 6 Common Application or Coalition Application essays from the class of 2025
• 6 Common Application or Universal Application essays from the class of 2024
• 6 Common Application or Universal Application essays from the class of 2023
• 7 Common Application of Universal Application essays from the class of 2022
• 5 Common Application or Universal Application essays from the class of 2021
• 7 Common Application or Universal Application essays from the class of 2020

Essay Examples Published by Other Websites

• 2 Common Application essays ( 1st essay , 2nd essay ) from applicants admitted to Columbia

Other Sample College Essays

Here is a collection of essays that are college-specific.

Babson College

• 4 essays (and 1 video response) on "Why Babson" from the class of 2020

Emory University

• 5 essay examples ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) from the class of 2020 along with analysis from Emory admissions staff on why the essays were exceptional
• 5 more recent essay examples ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) along with analysis from Emory admissions staff on what made these essays stand out

University of Georgia

• 1 “strong essay” sample from 2019
• 1 “strong essay” sample from 2018
• 10 Harvard essays from 2023
• 10 Harvard essays from 2022
• 10 Harvard essays from 2021
• 10 Harvard essays from 2020
• 10 Harvard essays from 2019
• 10 Harvard essays from 2018
• 6 essays from admitted MIT students

Smith College

• 6 "best gift" essays from the class of 2018

Books of College Essays

If you're looking for even more sample college essays, consider purchasing a college essay book. The best of these include dozens of essays that worked and feedback from real admissions officers.

College Essays That Made a Difference —This detailed guide from Princeton Review includes not only successful essays, but also interviews with admissions officers and full student profiles.

50 Successful Harvard Application Essays by the Staff of the Harvard Crimson—A must for anyone aspiring to Harvard .

50 Successful Ivy League Application Essays and 50 Successful Stanford Application Essays by Gen and Kelly Tanabe—For essays from other top schools, check out this venerated series, which is regularly updated with new essays.

Heavenly Essays by Janine W. Robinson—This collection from the popular blogger behind Essay Hell includes a wider range of schools, as well as helpful tips on honing your own essay.

Analyzing Great Common App Essays That Worked

I've picked two essays from the examples collected above to examine in more depth so that you can see exactly what makes a successful college essay work. Full credit for these essays goes to the original authors and the schools that published them.

Example 1: "Breaking Into Cars," by Stephen, Johns Hopkins Class of '19 (Common App Essay, 636 words long)

I had never broken into a car before.

We were in Laredo, having just finished our first day at a Habitat for Humanity work site. The Hotchkiss volunteers had already left, off to enjoy some Texas BBQ, leaving me behind with the college kids to clean up. Not until we were stranded did we realize we were locked out of the van.

Someone picked a coat hanger out of the dumpster, handed it to me, and took a few steps back.

"Can you do that thing with a coat hanger to unlock it?"

"Why me?" I thought.

More out of amusement than optimism, I gave it a try. I slid the hanger into the window's seal like I'd seen on crime shows, and spent a few minutes jiggling the apparatus around the inside of the frame. Suddenly, two things simultaneously clicked. One was the lock on the door. (I actually succeeded in springing it.) The other was the realization that I'd been in this type of situation before. In fact, I'd been born into this type of situation.

My upbringing has numbed me to unpredictability and chaos. With a family of seven, my home was loud, messy, and spottily supervised. My siblings arguing, the dog barking, the phone ringing—all meant my house was functioning normally. My Dad, a retired Navy pilot, was away half the time. When he was home, he had a parenting style something like a drill sergeant. At the age of nine, I learned how to clear burning oil from the surface of water. My Dad considered this a critical life skill—you know, in case my aircraft carrier should ever get torpedoed. "The water's on fire! Clear a hole!" he shouted, tossing me in the lake without warning. While I'm still unconvinced about that particular lesson's practicality, my Dad's overarching message is unequivocally true: much of life is unexpected, and you have to deal with the twists and turns.

Living in my family, days rarely unfolded as planned. A bit overlooked, a little pushed around, I learned to roll with reality, negotiate a quick deal, and give the improbable a try. I don't sweat the small stuff, and I definitely don't expect perfect fairness. So what if our dining room table only has six chairs for seven people? Someone learns the importance of punctuality every night.

But more than punctuality and a special affinity for musical chairs, my family life has taught me to thrive in situations over which I have no power. Growing up, I never controlled my older siblings, but I learned how to thwart their attempts to control me. I forged alliances, and realigned them as necessary. Sometimes, I was the poor, defenseless little brother; sometimes I was the omniscient elder. Different things to different people, as the situation demanded. I learned to adapt.

Back then, these techniques were merely reactions undertaken to ensure my survival. But one day this fall, Dr. Hicks, our Head of School, asked me a question that he hoped all seniors would reflect on throughout the year: "How can I participate in a thing I do not govern, in the company of people I did not choose?"

The question caught me off guard, much like the question posed to me in Laredo. Then, I realized I knew the answer. I knew why the coat hanger had been handed to me.

Growing up as the middle child in my family, I was a vital participant in a thing I did not govern, in the company of people I did not choose. It's family. It's society. And often, it's chaos. You participate by letting go of the small stuff, not expecting order and perfection, and facing the unexpected with confidence, optimism, and preparedness. My family experience taught me to face a serendipitous world with confidence.

What Makes This Essay Tick?

It's very helpful to take writing apart in order to see just how it accomplishes its objectives. Stephen's essay is very effective. Let's find out why!

An Opening Line That Draws You In

In just eight words, we get: scene-setting (he is standing next to a car about to break in), the idea of crossing a boundary (he is maybe about to do an illegal thing for the first time), and a cliffhanger (we are thinking: is he going to get caught? Is he headed for a life of crime? Is he about to be scared straight?).

Great, Detailed Opening Story

More out of amusement than optimism, I gave it a try. I slid the hanger into the window's seal like I'd seen on crime shows, and spent a few minutes jiggling the apparatus around the inside of the frame.

It's the details that really make this small experience come alive. Notice how whenever he can, Stephen uses a more specific, descriptive word in place of a more generic one. The volunteers aren't going to get food or dinner; they're going for "Texas BBQ." The coat hanger comes from "a dumpster." Stephen doesn't just move the coat hanger—he "jiggles" it.

Details also help us visualize the emotions of the people in the scene. The person who hands Stephen the coat hanger isn't just uncomfortable or nervous; he "takes a few steps back"—a description of movement that conveys feelings. Finally, the detail of actual speech makes the scene pop. Instead of writing that the other guy asked him to unlock the van, Stephen has the guy actually say his own words in a way that sounds like a teenager talking.

Turning a Specific Incident Into a Deeper Insight

Suddenly, two things simultaneously clicked. One was the lock on the door. (I actually succeeded in springing it.) The other was the realization that I'd been in this type of situation before. In fact, I'd been born into this type of situation.

Stephen makes the locked car experience a meaningful illustration of how he has learned to be resourceful and ready for anything, and he also makes this turn from the specific to the broad through an elegant play on the two meanings of the word "click."

Using Concrete Examples When Making Abstract Claims

My upbringing has numbed me to unpredictability and chaos. With a family of seven, my home was loud, messy, and spottily supervised. My siblings arguing, the dog barking, the phone ringing—all meant my house was functioning normally.

"Unpredictability and chaos" are very abstract, not easily visualized concepts. They could also mean any number of things—violence, abandonment, poverty, mental instability. By instantly following up with highly finite and unambiguous illustrations like "family of seven" and "siblings arguing, the dog barking, the phone ringing," Stephen grounds the abstraction in something that is easy to picture: a large, noisy family.

Using Small Bits of Humor and Casual Word Choice

My Dad, a retired Navy pilot, was away half the time. When he was home, he had a parenting style something like a drill sergeant. At the age of nine, I learned how to clear burning oil from the surface of water. My Dad considered this a critical life skill—you know, in case my aircraft carrier should ever get torpedoed.

Obviously, knowing how to clean burning oil is not high on the list of things every 9-year-old needs to know. To emphasize this, Stephen uses sarcasm by bringing up a situation that is clearly over-the-top: "in case my aircraft carrier should ever get torpedoed."

The humor also feels relaxed. Part of this is because he introduces it with the colloquial phrase "you know," so it sounds like he is talking to us in person. This approach also diffuses the potential discomfort of the reader with his father's strictness—since he is making jokes about it, clearly he is OK. Notice, though, that this doesn't occur very much in the essay. This helps keep the tone meaningful and serious rather than flippant.

An Ending That Stretches the Insight Into the Future

But one day this fall, Dr. Hicks, our Head of School, asked me a question that he hoped all seniors would reflect on throughout the year: "How can I participate in a thing I do not govern, in the company of people I did not choose?"

The ending of the essay reveals that Stephen's life has been one long preparation for the future. He has emerged from chaos and his dad's approach to parenting as a person who can thrive in a world that he can't control.

This connection of past experience to current maturity and self-knowledge is a key element in all successful personal essays. Colleges are very much looking for mature, self-aware applicants. These are the qualities of successful college students, who will be able to navigate the independence college classes require and the responsibility and quasi-adulthood of college life.

What Could This Essay Do Even Better?

Even the best essays aren't perfect, and even the world's greatest writers will tell you that writing is never "finished"—just "due." So what would we tweak in this essay if we could?

Replace some of the clichéd language. Stephen uses handy phrases like "twists and turns" and "don't sweat the small stuff" as a kind of shorthand for explaining his relationship to chaos and unpredictability. But using too many of these ready-made expressions runs the risk of clouding out your own voice and replacing it with something expected and boring.

Use another example from recent life. Stephen's first example (breaking into the van in Laredo) is a great illustration of being resourceful in an unexpected situation. But his essay also emphasizes that he "learned to adapt" by being "different things to different people." It would be great to see how this plays out outside his family, either in the situation in Laredo or another context.

Example 2: By Renner Kwittken, Tufts Class of '23 (Common App Essay, 645 words long)

My first dream job was to be a pickle truck driver. I saw it in my favorite book, Richard Scarry's "Cars and Trucks and Things That Go," and for some reason, I was absolutely obsessed with the idea of driving a giant pickle. Much to the discontent of my younger sister, I insisted that my parents read us that book as many nights as possible so we could find goldbug, a small little golden bug, on every page. I would imagine the wonderful life I would have: being a pig driving a giant pickle truck across the country, chasing and finding goldbug. I then moved on to wanting to be a Lego Master. Then an architect. Then a surgeon.

Then I discovered a real goldbug: gold nanoparticles that can reprogram macrophages to assist in killing tumors, produce clear images of them without sacrificing the subject, and heat them to obliteration.

Suddenly the destination of my pickle was clear.

I quickly became enveloped by the world of nanomedicine; I scoured articles about liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, targeting ligands, and self-assembling nanoparticles, all conquering cancer in some exotic way. Completely absorbed, I set out to find a mentor to dive even deeper into these topics. After several rejections, I was immensely grateful to receive an invitation to work alongside Dr. Sangeeta Ray at Johns Hopkins.

In the lab, Dr. Ray encouraged a great amount of autonomy to design and implement my own procedures. I chose to attack a problem that affects the entire field of nanomedicine: nanoparticles consistently fail to translate from animal studies into clinical trials. Jumping off recent literature, I set out to see if a pre-dose of a common chemotherapeutic could enhance nanoparticle delivery in aggressive prostate cancer, creating three novel constructs based on three different linear polymers, each using fluorescent dye (although no gold, sorry goldbug!). Though using radioactive isotopes like Gallium and Yttrium would have been incredible, as a 17-year-old, I unfortunately wasn't allowed in the same room as these radioactive materials (even though I took a Geiger counter to a pair of shoes and found them to be slightly dangerous).

I hadn't expected my hypothesis to work, as the research project would have ideally been led across two full years. Yet while there are still many optimizations and revisions to be done, I was thrilled to find -- with completely new nanoparticles that may one day mean future trials will use particles with the initials "RK-1" -- thatcyclophosphamide did indeed increase nanoparticle delivery to the tumor in a statistically significant way.

A secondary, unexpected research project was living alone in Baltimore, a new city to me, surrounded by people much older than I. Even with moving frequently between hotels, AirBnB's, and students' apartments, I strangely reveled in the freedom I had to enjoy my surroundings and form new friendships with graduate school students from the lab. We explored The Inner Harbor at night, attended a concert together one weekend, and even got to watch the Orioles lose (to nobody's surprise). Ironically, it's through these new friendships I discovered something unexpected: what I truly love is sharing research. Whether in a presentation or in a casual conversation, making others interested in science is perhaps more exciting to me than the research itself. This solidified a new pursuit to angle my love for writing towards illuminating science in ways people can understand, adding value to a society that can certainly benefit from more scientific literacy.

It seems fitting that my goals are still transforming: in Scarry's book, there is not just one goldbug, there is one on every page. With each new experience, I'm learning that it isn't the goldbug itself, but rather the act of searching for the goldbugs that will encourage, shape, and refine my ever-evolving passions. Regardless of the goldbug I seek -- I know my pickle truck has just begun its journey.

Renner takes a somewhat different approach than Stephen, but their essay is just as detailed and engaging. Let's go through some of the strengths of this essay.

One Clear Governing Metaphor

This essay is ultimately about two things: Renner’s dreams and future career goals, and Renner’s philosophy on goal-setting and achieving one’s dreams.

But instead of listing off all the amazing things they’ve done to pursue their dream of working in nanomedicine, Renner tells a powerful, unique story instead. To set up the narrative, Renner opens the essay by connecting their experiences with goal-setting and dream-chasing all the way back to a memorable childhood experience:

This lighthearted–but relevant!--story about the moment when Renner first developed a passion for a specific career (“finding the goldbug”) provides an anchor point for the rest of the essay. As Renner pivots to describing their current dreams and goals–working in nanomedicine–the metaphor of “finding the goldbug” is reflected in Renner’s experiments, rejections, and new discoveries.

Though Renner tells multiple stories about their quest to “find the goldbug,” or, in other words, pursue their passion, each story is connected by a unifying theme; namely, that as we search and grow over time, our goals will transform…and that’s okay! By the end of the essay, Renner uses the metaphor of “finding the goldbug” to reiterate the relevance of the opening story:

While the earlier parts of the essay convey Renner’s core message by showing, the final, concluding paragraph sums up Renner’s insights by telling. By briefly and clearly stating the relevance of the goldbug metaphor to their own philosophy on goals and dreams, Renner demonstrates their creativity, insight, and eagerness to grow and evolve as the journey continues into college.

An Engaging, Individual Voice

This essay uses many techniques that make Renner sound genuine and make the reader feel like we already know them.

Technique #1: humor. Notice Renner's gentle and relaxed humor that lightly mocks their younger self's grand ambitions (this is different from the more sarcastic kind of humor used by Stephen in the first essay—you could never mistake one writer for the other).

My first dream job was to be a pickle truck driver.

I would imagine the wonderful life I would have: being a pig driving a giant pickle truck across the country, chasing and finding goldbug. I then moved on to wanting to be a Lego Master. Then an architect. Then a surgeon.

Renner gives a great example of how to use humor to your advantage in college essays. You don’t want to come off as too self-deprecating or sarcastic, but telling a lightheartedly humorous story about your younger self that also showcases how you’ve grown and changed over time can set the right tone for your entire essay.

Technique #2: intentional, eye-catching structure. The second technique is the way Renner uses a unique structure to bolster the tone and themes of their essay . The structure of your essay can have a major impact on how your ideas come across…so it’s important to give it just as much thought as the content of your essay!

For instance, Renner does a great job of using one-line paragraphs to create dramatic emphasis and to make clear transitions from one phase of the story to the next:

Suddenly the destination of my pickle car was clear.

Not only does the one-liner above signal that Renner is moving into a new phase of the narrative (their nanoparticle research experiences), it also tells the reader that this is a big moment in Renner’s story. It’s clear that Renner made a major discovery that changed the course of their goal pursuit and dream-chasing. Through structure, Renner conveys excitement and entices the reader to keep pushing forward to the next part of the story.

Technique #3: playing with syntax. The third technique is to use sentences of varying length, syntax, and structure. Most of the essay's written in standard English and uses grammatically correct sentences. However, at key moments, Renner emphasizes that the reader needs to sit up and pay attention by switching to short, colloquial, differently punctuated, and sometimes fragmented sentences.

Even with moving frequently between hotels, AirBnB's, and students' apartments, I strangely reveled in the freedom I had to enjoy my surroundings and form new friendships with graduate school students from the lab. We explored The Inner Harbor at night, attended a concert together one weekend, and even got to watch the Orioles lose (to nobody's surprise). Ironically, it's through these new friendships I discovered something unexpected: what I truly love is sharing research.

In the examples above, Renner switches adeptly between long, flowing sentences and quippy, telegraphic ones. At the same time, Renner uses these different sentence lengths intentionally. As they describe their experiences in new places, they use longer sentences to immerse the reader in the sights, smells, and sounds of those experiences. And when it’s time to get a big, key idea across, Renner switches to a short, punchy sentence to stop the reader in their tracks.

The varying syntax and sentence lengths pull the reader into the narrative and set up crucial “aha” moments when it’s most important…which is a surefire way to make any college essay stand out.

Renner's essay is very strong, but there are still a few little things that could be improved.

Connecting the research experiences to the theme of “finding the goldbug.”  The essay begins and ends with Renner’s connection to the idea of “finding the goldbug.” And while this metaphor is deftly tied into the essay’s intro and conclusion, it isn’t entirely clear what Renner’s big findings were during the research experiences that are described in the middle of the essay. It would be great to add a sentence or two stating what Renner’s big takeaways (or “goldbugs”) were from these experiences, which add more cohesion to the essay as a whole.

Give more details about discovering the world of nanomedicine. It makes sense that Renner wants to get into the details of their big research experiences as quickly as possible. After all, these are the details that show Renner’s dedication to nanomedicine! But a smoother transition from the opening pickle car/goldbug story to Renner’s “real goldbug” of nanoparticles would help the reader understand why nanoparticles became Renner’s goldbug. Finding out why Renner is so motivated to study nanomedicine–and perhaps what put them on to this field of study–would help readers fully understand why Renner chose this path in the first place.

4 Essential Tips for Writing Your Own Essay

How can you use this discussion to better your own college essay? Here are some suggestions for ways to use this resource effectively.

#1: Get Help From the Experts

Getting your college applications together takes a lot of work and can be pretty intimidatin g. Essays are even more important than ever now that admissions processes are changing and schools are going test-optional and removing diversity standards thanks to new Supreme Court rulings .  If you want certified expert help that really makes a difference, get started with  PrepScholar’s Essay Editing and Coaching program. Our program can help you put together an incredible essay from idea to completion so that your application stands out from the crowd. We've helped students get into the best colleges in the United States, including Harvard, Stanford, and Yale.  If you're ready to take the next step and boost your odds of getting into your dream school, connect with our experts today .

#2: Read Other Essays to Get Ideas for Your Own

As you go through the essays we've compiled for you above, ask yourself the following questions:

• Can you explain to yourself (or someone else!) why the opening sentence works well?
• Look for the essay's detailed personal anecdote. What senses is the author describing? Can you easily picture the scene in your mind's eye?
• Find the place where this anecdote bridges into a larger insight about the author. How does the essay connect the two? How does the anecdote work as an example of the author's characteristic, trait, or skill?
• Check out the essay's tone. If it's funny, can you find the places where the humor comes from? If it's sad and moving, can you find the imagery and description of feelings that make you moved? If it's serious, can you see how word choice adds to this tone?

Make a note whenever you find an essay or part of an essay that you think was particularly well-written, and think about what you like about it . Is it funny? Does it help you really get to know the writer? Does it show what makes the writer unique? Once you have your list, keep it next to you while writing your essay to remind yourself to try and use those same techniques in your own essay.

#3: Find Your "A-Ha!" Moment

All of these essays rely on connecting with the reader through a heartfelt, highly descriptive scene from the author's life. It can either be very dramatic (did you survive a plane crash?) or it can be completely mundane (did you finally beat your dad at Scrabble?). Either way, it should be personal and revealing about you, your personality, and the way you are now that you are entering the adult world.

Check out essays by authors like John Jeremiah Sullivan , Leslie Jamison , Hanif Abdurraqib , and Esmé Weijun Wang to get more examples of how to craft a compelling personal narrative.

#4: Start Early, Revise Often

Let me level with you: the best writing isn't writing at all. It's rewriting. And in order to have time to rewrite, you have to start way before the application deadline. My advice is to write your first draft at least two months before your applications are due.

Let it sit for a few days untouched. Then come back to it with fresh eyes and think critically about what you've written. What's extra? What's missing? What is in the wrong place? What doesn't make sense? Don't be afraid to take it apart and rearrange sections. Do this several times over, and your essay will be much better for it!

For more editing tips, check out a style guide like Dreyer's English or Eats, Shoots & Leaves .

What's Next?

Still not sure which colleges you want to apply to? Our experts will show you how to make a college list that will help you choose a college that's right for you.

Interested in learning more about college essays? Check out our detailed breakdown of exactly how personal statements work in an application , some suggestions on what to avoid when writing your essay , and our guide to writing about your extracurricular activities .

Working on the rest of your application? Read what admissions officers wish applicants knew before applying .

The recommendations in this post are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links PrepScholar may receive a commission.

Anna scored in the 99th percentile on her SATs in high school, and went on to major in English at Princeton and to get her doctorate in English Literature at Columbia. She is passionate about improving student access to higher education.

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Essay Topics – List of 500+ Essay Writing Topics and Ideas

List of 500+ essay writing topics and ideas.

Essay topics in English can be difficult to come up with. While writing essays , many college and high school students face writer’s block and have a hard time to think about topics and ideas for an essay. In this article, we will list out many good essay topics from different categories like argumentative essays, essays on technology, environment essays for students from 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th grades. Following list of essay topics are for all – from kids to college students. We have the largest collection of essays. An essay is nothing but a piece of content which is written from the perception of writer or author. Essays are similar to a story, pamphlet, thesis, etc. The best thing about Essay is you can use any type of language – formal or informal. It can biography, the autobiography of anyone. Following is a great list of 100 essay topics. We will be adding 400 more soon!

But Before that you may wanna read some awesome Essay Writing Tips here .

Get the Huge list of 100+ Speech Topics here

Argumentative Essay Topics

• Should plastic be banned?
• Pollution due to Urbanization
• Education should be free
• Should Students get limited access to the Internet?
• Selling Tobacco should be banned
• Smoking in public places should be banned
• Facebook should be banned
• Students should not be allowed to play PUBG

Essay Topics on Technology

• Wonder Of Science
• Mobile Phone

Essay Topics on Festivals on Events

• Independence Day (15 August)
• Teachers Day
• Summer Vacation
• Children’s Day
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
• Janmashtami
• Republic Day

Essay Topics on Education

• Education Essay
• Importance of Education
• Contribution of Technology in Education

Essay Topics on Famous Leaders

• Mahatma Gandhi
• APJ Abdul Kalam
• Jawaharlal Nehru
• Swami Vivekananda
• Mother Teresa
• Rabindranath Tagore
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• Subhash Chandra Bose
• Abraham Lincoln
• Martin Luther King
• Lal Bahadur Shashtri

Essay Topics on Animals and Birds

• My Favorite Animal

Essays Topics About Yourself

• My Best Friend
• My Favourite Teacher
• My Aim In Life
• My Favourite Game – Badminton
• My Favourite Game – Essay
• My Favourite Book
• My Ambition
• How I Spent My Summer Vacation
• India of My Dreams
• My School Life
• I Love My Family
• My Favourite Subject
• My Favourite Game Badminton
• My Father My Hero
• My School Library
• My Favourite Author
• My plans for summer vacation

Essay Topics Based on Environment and Nature

• Global Warming
• Environment
• Air Pollution
• Environmental Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Rainy Season
• Climate Change
• Importance Of Trees
• Winter Season
• Deforestation
• Natural Disasters
• Save Environment
• Summer Season
• Trees Our Best Friend Essay In English

Essay Topics Based on Proverbs

• Health Is Wealth
• A Stitch in Time Saves Nine
• An Apple a Day Keeps Doctor Away
• Where there is a will, there is way
• Time and Tide wait for none

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Essay Topics for Students from 6th, 7th, 8th Grade

• Noise Pollution
• Environment Pollution
• Women Empowerment
• Time and Tide Wait for none
• Science and Technology
• Importance of Sports
• Sports and Games
• Time Management
• Cleanliness is next to Godliness
• Cleanliness
• Rome was not Built in a Day
• Unemployment
• Clean India
• Cow Essay In English
• Describe Yourself
• Festivals Of India
• Ganesh Chaturthi
• Healthy Food
• Importance Of Water
• Plastic Pollution
• Value of Time
• Honesty is the Best Policy
• Gandhi Jayanti
• Human Rights
• Knowledge Is Power
• Same Sex Marriage
• Childhood Memories
• Cyber Crime
• Kalpana Chawla
• Punctuality
• Rani Lakshmi Bai
• Spring Season
• Unity In Diversity
• Artificial Intelligence
• Online Shopping
• Indian Culture
• Healthy Lifestyle
• Indian Education System
• Disaster Management
• Environmental Issues
• Freedom Fighters
• Grandparents
• Save Fuel For Better Environment
• Importance Of Newspaper
• Lal Bahadur Shastri
• Raksha Bandhan
• World Environment Day
• Narendra Modi
• What Is Religion
• Charity Begins at Home
• A Journey by Train
• Ideal student
• Save Water Save Earth
• Indian Farmer
• Safety of Women in India
• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
• Capital Punishment
• College Life
• Natural Resources
• Peer Pressure
• Nature Vs Nurture
• Romeo And Juliet
• Generation Gap
• Makar Sankranti
• Constitution of India
• Girl Education
• Importance of Family
• Importance of Independence Day
• Brain Drain
• A Friend In Need Is A Friend Indeed
• Action Speaks Louder Than Words
• All That Glitters Is Not Gold
• Bhagat Singh
• Demonetization
• Agriculture
• Importance of Discipline
• Population Explosion
• Poverty in India
• Uses Of Mobile Phones
• Water Scarcity
• Train Journey
• Land Pollution
• Environment Protection
• Indian Army
• Uses of Internet
• All that Glitters is not Gold
• Balanced Diet
• Blood Donation
• Digital India
• Dussehra Essay
• Energy Conservation
• National Integration
• Railway Station
• Sachin Tendulkar
• Health And Hygiene
• Importance Of Forest
• Indira Gandhi
• Laughter Is The Best Medicine
• Career Goals
• Mental Health
• Save Water Save Life
• International Yoga Day
• Winter Vacation
• Soil Pollution
• Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining
• Indian Culture And Tradition
• Unity Is Strength
• Unity is Diversity
• Wildlife Conservation
• Cruelty To Animals
• Nelson Mandela
• Of Mice And Men
• Organ Donation
• Life in a Big City
• Democracy in India
• Waste Management
• Biodiversity
• Afforestation
• Female Foeticide
• Harmful Effects Of Junk Food
• Rain Water Harvesting
• Save Electricity
• Social Media
• Social Networking Sites
• Sound Pollution
• Procrastination
• Life in an Indian Village
• Life in Big City
• Population Growth
• World Population Day
• Greenhouse Effect
• Statue of Unity
• Traffic Jam
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
• Importance of Good Manners
• Good Manners
• Cyber Security
• Green Revolution
• Health And Fitness
• Incredible India
• Make In India
• Surgical Strike
• Triple Talaq
• A Good Friend
• Importance of Friends in our Life
• Should Plastic be Banned
• Nationalism
• Traffic Rules
• Effects of Global Warming
• Fundamental Rights
• Solar System
• National Constitution Day
• Good Mother
• Importance of Trees in our Life
• City Life Vs Village Life
• Importance of Communication
• Conservation of Nature
• Man vs. Machine
• Indian Economy
• Mothers Love
• Importance of National Integration
• Black Money
• Greenhouse effect
• Untouchability
• Self Discipline
• Global Terrorism
• Conservation of Biodiversity
• Newspaper and Its Uses
• World Health Day
• Conservation of Natural Resources
• A Picnic with Family
• Indian Heritage
• Status of Women in India
• Child is Father of the Man
• Reading is Good Habit
• Plastic Bag
• Terrorism in India
• Library and Its Uses
• Life on Mars
• Urbanization
• Pollution Due to Diwali
• National Flag of India
• Vocational Education
• Importance of Tree Plantation
• Summer Camp
• Vehicle Pollution
• Women Education in India
• Seasons in India
• Freedom of the Press
• Caste System
• Environment and Human Health
• Mountain Climbing
• Depletion of Natural Resources
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
• Health Education
• Effects of Deforestation
• Life after School
• Starvation in India
• Jan Dhan Yojana
• Impact of Privatization
• Election Commission of India
• Election and Democracy
• Prevention of Global Warming
• Impact of Cinema in Life
• Subhas Chandra Bose
• Dowry System
• Ganesh Chaturthi Festival
• Role of Science in Making India
• Impact of Global Warming on Oceans
• Pollution due to Festivals
• Ambedkar Jayanti
• Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat
• Family Planning in India
• Democracy vs Dictatorship
• National Festivals of India
• Sri Aurobindo
• Casteism in India
• Organ trafficking
• Consequences of Global Warming
• Role of Human Activities in Global Warming
• Issues and Problems faced by Women in India
• Role of Judiciary in the Country Today
• Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan
• PUBG Mobile Game Addiction
• Role of Youths in Nation Building
• Value of Oxygen and Water in Life/Earth
• Farmer Suicides in India
• Start-up India
• Pollution Due to Firecrackers
• Life of Soldiers
• Child Labour
• Save Girl Child
• Morning Walk
• My School Fete
• Essay on Financial Literacy
• Essay On Sustainable Development
• Essay On Punjab
• Essay On Travel
• My Home Essay
• Child Marriage Essay
• Importance Of English Language Essay
• Essay On Mass Media
• Essay On Horse
• Essay On Police
• Essay On Eid
• Essay On Solar Energy
• Animal Essay
• Essay On Mango
• Gender Discrimination Essay
• Essay On Advertisement
• My First Day At School Essay
• My Neighborhood Essay
• True Friendship Essay
• Work Is Worship Essay
• Essay On Self Confidence
• Essay On Superstition
• Essay On Bangalore
• Sex Vs Gender Essay
• Essay On Social Issues
• Time Is Money Essay
• Essay About Grandmothers
• Essay On Hard Work
• First Day Of School Essay
• Flowers Essay
• My Favorite Food Essay
• Essay on Birds
• Essay on Humanity
• Essay on Sun
• Essay on Kargil War
• Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining Essay
• Francis Bacon Essays
• Importance of Cleanliness Essay
• My Sister Essay
• Self Introduction Essay
• Solar Energy Essay
• Sports Day Essa
• Value Of Education Essay
• Essay On Isro
• Essay On Balance Is Beneficial
• Essay On Reservation In India
• Essay On Water Management
• Essay On Smoking
• Essay On Stress Management
• Essay On William Shakespeare
• Essay on Apple
• Essay On Albert Einstein
• Essay On Feminism
• Essay On Kindness
• Essay On Domestic Violence
• Essay on English as a Global Language
• Essay On Co-Education
• Importance Of Exercise Essay
• Overpopulation Essay
• Smartphone Essay
• Essay on River
• Essay on Cyclone
• Essay On Facebook
• Essay On Science In Everyday Life
• Essay On Women Rights
• Essay On Right To Education
• Essay on Quotes
• Essay On Peace
• Essay On Drawing
• Essay On Bicycle
• Essay On Sexual Harassment
• Essay On Hospital
• Essay On Srinivasa Ramanujan
• Essay On Golden Temple
• Essay On Art
• Essay On Ruskin Bond
• Essay On Moon
• Birthday Essay
• Dont Judge A Book By Its Cover Essay
• Draught Essay
• Gratitude Essay
• Indian Politics Essay
• Who am I Essay
• Essay on Positive Thinking
• Essay on Dance
• Essay on Navratri
• Essay on Onam
• Essay on New Education Policy 2020
• Esasy on Thank you Coronavirus Helpers
• Essay on Coronavirus and Coronavirus Symptoms
• Essay on Baseball
• Essay on coronavirus vaccine
• Fitness beats pandemic essay
• Essay on coronavirus tips
• Essay on coronavirus prevention
• Essay on coronavirus treatment
• Essay on essay on trees
• Essay on television
• Gender inequality essay
• Water conservation essay
• Essay on Gurpurab
• Essay on Types of sports
• Essay on road safety
• Essay on my favourite season
• My pet essay
• Student life essay
• Essay on Railway station
• Essay on earth
• Essay on knowledge is power
• Essay on favourite personality
• Essay on memorable day of my life
• My parents essay
• Our country essay
• Picnic essay
• Travelling essay

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There may be many reasons that individuals and families are not covered by health insurance and that is who we serve. Support Your Thesis with Evidence. Once you have established your thesis, you must provide ample evidence to back it up and convince the reader of your position. Depending on the essay type, this evidence could include facts, expert opinions, logical arguments, examples, textual analysis, and more. Make sure to properly introduce and analyze each piece of evidence to show how it relates to and strengthens your overall thesis.

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Essay writing is a valuable skill that is essential for academic success and effective communication. Whether you are a student, professional, or aspiring writer, mastering the art of essay writing can help you express your thoughts, ideas, and arguments in a clear and organized manner. In this article, we will explore some key tips and strategies to improve your essay writing skills.

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Develop a Strong Thesis Statement: Your thesis statement is the central argument of your essay and should clearly state your main point or position on the topic. Make sure your thesis is specific, concise, and supported by evidence throughout your essay.

Essay writing service

As an AI assistant, I do not provide essay writing services. However, there are many reputable online essay writing services available that offer assistance to students and professionals who need help with their academic or professional writing assignments. When considering using an essay writing service, it is important to do thorough research to ensure you choose a trustworthy and reliable provider. Here are some factors to consider when selecting an essay writing service: Reputation: Look for reviews and testimonials from previous customers to gauge the reputation of the writing service. A reputable service will have positive feedback and a track record of delivering high-quality work. Writers' Qualifications: Check the credentials and qualifications of the writers who will be working on your essay. Make sure they have the necessary expertise and experience in your subject area. Plagiarism Policy: Ensure that the writing service guarantees original and plagiarism-free content. Plagiarism can have serious consequences, so it is essential to work with a service that values academic integrity. Pricing and Payment: Consider the pricing structure of the writing service and ensure that it fits within your budget. Be wary of services that offer extremely low prices, as they may compromise on quality. Customer Support: Look for a writing service that offers reliable customer support and communication channels. It is important to be able to reach out to the service provider with any questions or concerns. Revision Policy: Check if the service offers revisions or edits in case you are not satisfied with the initial draft of your essay. A good writing service should be willing to make revisions to meet your requirements. Remember to always provide clear instructions and guidelines to the writing service to ensure that your essay meets your expectations. Additionally, it is important to review and understand the terms and conditions of the service before placing an order. While essay writing services can be helpful in certain situations, it is crucial to use them responsibly and ethically.

Essay on help

Helping others is a fundamental aspect of human nature that has the power to create positive change and foster connections within communities. Whether it is offering a lending hand to someone in need, providing support during challenging times, or simply being there to listen, acts of help can have a profound impact on both the giver and the recipient. In this essay, we will explore the significance of help and how it plays a vital role in creating a more compassionate and supportive society. One of the most remarkable aspects of help is its ability to create a sense of unity and solidarity among individuals. When we extend a helping hand to others, we are not only providing practical assistance but also showing empathy and compassion. This act of kindness can strengthen bonds between people, build trust, and foster a sense of community spirit. In times of adversity or crisis, the willingness to help one another can bring people together and provide a sense of hope and resilience. Moreover, offering help to those in need can have a ripple effect that extends far beyond the initial act. When we help others, we inspire a spirit of generosity and kindness that can spread to others, creating a chain reaction of positivity and goodwill. Small acts of help, whether it is a simple gesture of kindness or a more significant contribution, have the power to uplift spirits, instill hope, and make a meaningful difference in someone's life. Helping others is also a way to cultivate a sense of gratitude and appreciation for the blessings in our own lives. By extending help to those who are less fortunate or going through difficult times, we gain a deeper understanding of the challenges that others face and develop a greater sense of empathy and compassion. This awareness can lead to a greater appreciation for our own circumstances and a renewed sense of gratitude for the support and resources available to us. In conclusion, the act of help is a powerful and transformative force that has the potential to create positive change, foster connections, and inspire a culture of kindness and compassion. Whether it is a simple act of kindness or a more significant gesture of support, helping others is a fundamental aspect of humanity that brings out the best in us. By embracing the power of help and extending a helping hand to those in need, we can make a meaningful difference in the lives of others and contribute to building a more caring and supportive society for all.

College essay format

When writing a college essay, it is important to follow a specific format to ensure that your essay is well-organized, coherent, and effectively conveys your ideas. Here is a general guideline for the format of a college essay: Title or Heading: Include a title that reflects the main topic or theme of your essay. You can also include your name, course title, instructor's name, and date below the title. Introduction: Start with an attention-grabbing opening sentence or hook that introduces the topic. Provide some background information on the topic and establish the context. End the introduction with a clear thesis statement that states the main argument or purpose of your essay. Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea or point that supports your thesis. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. Support your main idea with evidence, examples, and analysis. Ensure that there is a logical flow between paragraphs to maintain coherence and clarity. Conclusion: Summarize the main points discussed in the essay. Restate the thesis statement in different words. Provide a concluding thought or reflection that ties back to the introduction or offers a new perspective. References or Works Cited (if applicable): If you have cited sources in your essay, include a list of references or works cited at the end of your essay. Follow the specific citation style required by your instructor (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Formatting: Use a readable font (e.g., Times New Roman, Arial) and standard font size (12 pt). Double-space your essay and use 1-inch margins on all sides. Include a header with your last name and page number on each page. Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your college or instructor. Editing and Proofreading: Revise your essay for clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Check for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Ask someone else to read your essay and provide feedback. Remember that the specific requirements for a college essay format may vary depending on the institution or instructor. It is important to carefully read and follow the guidelines provided for each assignment to ensure that your essay meets the required format and standards.

Of course! I can provide you with some general guidance on writing an essay. Here are some key steps to help you get started: Understand the Assignment: Carefully read and understand the essay prompt or assignment guidelines. Identify the topic, purpose, and requirements of the essay. Choose a Topic: Select a topic that interests you and aligns with the assignment requirements. Brainstorm ideas, conduct research if necessary, and narrow down your focus. Develop a Thesis Statement: Craft a clear and concise thesis statement that presents the main argument or central idea of your essay. Your thesis should guide the direction of your writing and provide a framework for your arguments. Create an Outline: Outline the structure of your essay, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Organize your main points and supporting details in a logical sequence. Write the Introduction: Start with a compelling hook to grab the reader's attention. Provide background information on the topic and context. Present your thesis statement at the end of the introduction. Write the Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea or argument that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence that introduces the main point of the paragraph. Support your arguments with evidence, examples, and analysis. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs to maintain coherence. Write the Conclusion: Summarize the main points discussed in the essay. Restate the thesis statement in different words. Provide a closing thought or suggestion for further reflection. Revise and Edit: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Consider the overall structure and flow of your essay. Seek feedback from peers, instructors, or writing tutors for additional input. Cite Your Sources (if applicable): If you use external sources in your essay, make sure to properly cite them according to the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Finalize Your Essay: Make any necessary revisions based on feedback and proofread your essay one last time before submitting it. Remember, practice is key to improving your essay writing skills. The more you write and receive feedback, the better you will become at crafting well-structured and compelling essays.

Writing an Effective Essay Essays are a fundamental part of academic writing and a key way for students to demonstrate their knowledge, critical thinking skills, and mastery of a subject. While essay writing can seem daunting, anyone can produce a strong essay by following some basic guidelines. Start with a Clear Thesis The thesis statement is the core idea that drives your entire essay. It makes a claim that you will support with evidence throughout the body of the paper. Your thesis should be specific, provable, and debatable - not just a general statement of fact. Spend time crafting a clear, concise thesis that lays the foundation for your argument. Support Your Thesis with Evidence Once you have established your thesis, you must provide ample evidence to back it up and convince the reader of your position. Depending on the essay type, this evidence could include facts, expert opinions, logical arguments, examples, textual analysis, and more. Make sure to properly introduce and analyze each piece of evidence to show how it relates to and strengthens your overall thesis. Structure Your Essay Logically Like any piece of writing, an essay should have a clear beginning, middle, and end. The introduction captures the reader's attention and presents the thesis. The body paragraphs then use topic sentences to state their main point and provide the supporting evidence. Finally, the conclusion restates the thesis and major arguments in new language, leaving the reader with a strong final impression. Use Transitions and Strong Style In addition to a solid structure, essays need to be cohesive and flow smoothly from one idea to the next. Transition words like "furthermore," "in addition," and "however" cue the reader to how the sentences relate. Varying sentence structure and using vivid language can also make your essay more engaging and your arguments more persuasive. Edit Carefully Once you have a draft, take the time to revise carefully. Check that your logic is sound, your evidence is integrated smoothly, and your language is clear and precise. Reading aloud can also help you catch grammatical errors. Don't forget to ensure your essay follows proper formatting guidelines as well. By following these key principles - a strong thesis, relevant evidence, logical structure, stylistic techniques, and thorough editing - any student can dramatically improve their essay writing abilities. The more you practice, the easier crafting a cohesive, persuasive essay will become.

On the Importance of Helping Others From a young age, we are taught that it is better to give than to receive. Helping others, whether through charitable acts, volunteer work, or simple good deeds, is a value that is universally extolled. And there are good reasons why: helping others not only makes the world a better place, but it enriches our own lives in profound ways. At its core, helping others is an act of empathy and compassion. When we extend ourselves to assist someone in need, we are acknowledging our shared humanity and responsibility for one another. We recognize that all people want to be happy, healthy, and free from suffering. By taking the time to understand someone else's struggles and lend a hand, we build connections that unite us as a society. Helping others also enables us to make a tangible, positive impact on the world around us. Whether volunteering at a soup kitchen, tutoring a student, or helping a neighbor carry groceries, we improve lives through our actions. These acts of service create a ripple effect of generosity that makes communities more caring and resilient. We become agents of change. On a personal level, helping others is tremendously rewarding and fulfilling. Studies show that giving back reduces stress, fights depression, gives a sense of purpose, and increases life satisfaction. The feelings of gratitude and connection we experience when we give selflessly are powerful. Helping others makes us happier and healthier, both mentally and physically. Of course, not everyone is capable of making large humanitarian efforts or donations. But every one of us can find ways, both big and small, to offer assistance and kindness to those around us. We can volunteer our time, open our wallets, lend an ear, or simply extend empathy and compassion through our words and actions. Even the smallest acts of generosity can make someone's day brighter. Ultimately, helping others is one of the highest expressions of human excellence. It requires us to be selfless, kind, and solutions-oriented. It celebrates our finest qualities of service, charity, and goodwill. In a world that can be harsh and indifferent, the simple act of offering help is a powerful way to make a profound difference, for others and for ourselves.

College Essay Format College application essays are usually pretty short, so formatting is crucial to making the most of every word. While requirements vary from college to college, you'll generally be expected to follow these guidelines: Length: Around 500-650 words is common. Some colleges may want shorter essays (200-300 words) while others go up to 800-1000 words. Font: Use an easily readable font like Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri. The font size should be 10-12 points with standard margins around the text. Heading: At the top of the page, include a heading with the following: Your name The application deadline/essay prompt or topic The word count Spacing: Use 1.5 or double spacing between lines. The essay should be left-aligned. Title: Some colleges want a creative title for the essay, while others prefer just a heading (see above). If including a title, make it interesting yet relevant. Introduction: The first paragraph should grab the reader's attention with a personal anecdote, quote, question, vivid details, etc. End with your thesis statement. Body: Aim for 2-4 body paragraphs. Use topic sentences and concrete examples/details to develop your main ideas and showcase your personality, interests, goals, etc. Conclusion: Wrap up by revisiting your main points and reiterating your thesis. Leave the reader with an interesting final perspective or insightful conclusion. Formatting Extras: Page numbers (unless specified not to include them) Your name on each page (some colleges require this) Single-space after periods Check the application instructions carefully, as some colleges have additional or alternate formatting requirements. But following the standard format above is a wise strategy for most essays.

Start with an Outline Before putting pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard), map out your essay with a detailed outline. This will help organize your thoughts and ensure your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Hook the Reader The introduction should grab the reader's attention right away. Consider using an interesting fact, statistic, quote, anecdote, or thought-provoking question to pique their interest. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement The thesis statement is the backbone of your essay. It should concisely summarize the main argument or idea you plan to prove or analyze. Make sure your thesis is specific, focused, and provable. Use Relevant Evidence and Examples Support your main points with relevant evidence from credible sources like academic journals, expert opinions, literary texts, etc. Analyze this evidence and explain how it relates to and strengthens your argument. Address Counterarguments No argument is airtight. Considering counterarguments shows you have thoroughly researched the topic. Refute these counterpoints respectfully using facts and logic. Vary Sentence Structure Avoid choppiness by varying your sentence structure. Longer, more complex sentences can establish deeper insights. But don't neglect short, punchy sentences for emphasis. Be Specific with Word Choice Use precise language and avoid vague or ambiguous words. Clear, specific word choice strengthens your writing and arguments. Revise and Edit Carefully Leave time to revise and edit your draft carefully. Check for errors, unclear phrasing, weak points, and opportunities to condense or clarify. Reading aloud can help catch mistakes. Use Transitions Transition words like "furthermore," "in addition," "however," etc. clarify how your ideas relate and progress. This creates smooth flow between sentences and paragraphs. Write a Strong Conclusion The conclusion should restate your thesis and summarize your key arguments in a new, compelling way. Consider ending with an insightful perspective or thought-provoking question. With focus, substance, and polish, you can craft an impressive essay that effectively communicates your ideas and arguments to readers.

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Gig workers are writing essays for AI to learn from

• Companies are hiring highly educated gig workers to write training content for AI models .
• The shift toward more sophisticated trainers comes as tech giants scramble for new data sources.
• AI could run out of data to learn from by 2026, one research institute has warned. 

As artificial intelligence models run out of data to train themselves on, AI companies are increasingly turning to actual humans to write training content.

For years, companies have used gig workers to help train AI models on simple tasks like photo identification , data annotation, and labelling. But the rapidly advancing technology now requires more advanced people to train it.

Companies such as Scale AI and Surge AI are hiring part-timers with graduate degrees to write essays and creative prompts for the bots to gobble up, The New York Times reported . Scale AI, for example, posted a job last year looking for people with Master's degrees or PhDs, who are fluent in either English, Hindi, or Japanese and have professional writing experience in fields like poetry, journalism, and publishing.

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Their mission? To help AI bots "become better writers," Scale AI wrote in the posting.

And an army of workers are needed to do this kind of work. Scale AI has as many as tens of thousands of contractors working on its platform at a time, per the Times.

"What really makes the A.I. useful to its users is the human layer of data, and that really needs to be done by smart humans and skilled humans and humans with a particular degree of expertise and a creative bent," Willow Primack, the vice president of data operations at Scale AI, told the New York Times. "We have been focusing on contractors, particularly within North America, as a result."

The shift toward more sophisticated gig trainers comes as tech giants scramble to find new data to train their technology on. That's because the programs learn so incredibly fast that they're already running out of available resources to learn from. The vast trove of online information — everything from scientific papers to news articles to Wikipedia pages — is drying up.

Epoch, an AI research institute, has warned that AI could run out of data by 2026.

So, companies are finding more and more creative ways to make sure their systems never stop learning. Google has considered accessing its customers' data in Google Docs , Sheets, and Slides while Meta even thought about buying publishing house Simon & Schuster to harvest its book collection, Business Insider previously reported.

Watch: Nearly 50,000 tech workers have been laid off — but there's a hack to avoid layoffs

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Forget teaching to the test for STAAR. Now Texas students are writing to bots | Grumet

Many people helped my daughter grow as a writer: My husband and I nurtured her reading and took her on adventures. A decade’s worth of teachers coached her on writing and challenged her thinking. Countless authors showed her how to put emotion and experience into words.

But now that it’s time for the state of Texas to assess my 16-year-old’s academic skills, a computer program will decide whether her writing is good enough.

We are in the thick of a STAAR testing season with a sci-fi twist: This year, the free-form responses in the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness exams will be graded by new “automated scoring engines” designed to “read” what students write.

This includes the short written responses in the science and social studies STAAR tests, as well as the short-answer and longer written components of the English reading/language arts exams. All told, students’ typed responses in about 5.4 million STAAR tests this year will be graded with this technology, reducing the need for human scorers from 6,000 last year to about 2,000 this year.

And while students and teachers are understandably anxious about the reliability of this tech — “How smart is this computer?” my skeptical teenager asked — I’m concerned about what writing will become when students are focused on getting a passing grade from a computerized bot.

The competence of this technology has been the most immediate question, given the high stakes of the STAAR. Students must pass some of these tests to advance a grade or graduate from high school, and all of the exams are used to judge schools and districts.

The Texas Education Agency emphasizes that humans are involved in every step of developing and checking the performance of the automated scoring engines. Each computerized tool is designed to grade a specific question and then tested extensively against how humans graded responses to that same question, said Chris Rozunick, TEA director of assessment development.

These tools are not artificial intelligence, she added. They do not learn and adapt as they consume more information.

Put another way: If ChatGPT is “a nice, souped-up Ferrari,” Rozunick told me, the STAAR automated scoring engines are more like a go-kart.

Much simpler and less likely to veer off-course .

The TEA expects about 25% of the computer-graded responses to also be reviewed by humans. Some will be spot-checks to ensure the computer grading matches what a person would give. In other cases, the computer will flag tests for which it has “low confidence” about the accuracy of the score because the student’s response doesn’t resemble what the bot expected to see. A human scorer will take a closer look.

“We're not going to be penalizing those kids who come in with very different answers,” Rozunick said. “As a matter of fact, we love seeing (the computer flag those responses) because that's a good indication that the system is working.”

My worry is what happens much farther upstream.

Concerned about the computer’s ability to “read” student responses, some teachers this year are urging kids to keep their sentences short, their message basic. And while that is sensible advice for engaging with this technology, the very premise of writing to a bot compounds the problem of formulaic prose long fostered by standardized tests .

When space is limited and testing stakes are high, students lean on writing rules . They don’t want to get dinged. Some will write in a rigid fashion that becomes their go-to approach even outside the STAAR because either they think all writing is supposed to be that way or they haven’t had enough opportunities outside the test-prep world to develop their voice.

“We used to hear testimony in legislative hearings about how colleges from other states could instantly recognize students from Texas who were applying because of the formulaic way they wrote, and that was directly tied to the testing system,” Holly Eaton, director of professional development and advocacy for the Texas Classroom Teachers Association, told me.

And while Texas has been trying to unwind that problem, the move to computerized grading of written responses threatens to snap us back.

When the news first broke about Texas using computerized tools to grade STAAR writing responses, state Rep. Erin Zwiener, D-Driftwood, lamented on social media: “I taught writing in college. One of the first things college writing instructors have to do is *unteach* the stilted standardized test writing.”

“A machine cannot recognize good writing,” she added. “A machine can only recognize writing that follows a formula.”

Sadly, a part of me recognizes that talking to computers is becoming a necessary skill. Chatbots provide the first tier of customer service for many companies, and in many cases, job hunters’ résumés will be scanned and sorted by technology before an applicant reaches a human. Interacting with this tech is part of our lives.

But there is a much richer world of thought and expression beyond that. Texas needs to cultivate the thinkers and communicators for that world — people who can analyze problems, articulate solutions and empathize with others.

No matter how accurate the “automated scoring engines” are for the STAAR, we are still left with test questions and student responses designed for computer consumption. It's an exercise in processing data instead of developing writers. Texas will not be better for it.

Grumet is the Statesman’s Metro columnist. Her column, ATX in Context, contains her opinions. Share yours via email at [email protected] or on X at @bgrumet. Find her previous work at statesman.com/opinion/columns .

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Once a STAAR test has been graded, parents can visit texasassessment.gov to see their child's overall score. They can also see their child's responses to all of the questions on the test and how those responses were scored. Parents can raise any concerns with their child's school. If school officials agree there is a problem, the school district's testing coordinator can ask state officials to take a second look.

Father’s writing ‘to survive’ loss of young son turns into inspirational book

Usc alumnus stephen panus will speak at columbia launch of book ‘walk on’.

Stephen Panus didn’t know where to put his grief when his 16-year-old son died in a car accident nearly four years ago.

Described as a charmer who could light up any room, Jake Panus had planned to follow in his father’s footsteps and attend the University of South Carolina. Jake loved all things Gamecocks and he loved football.

So initially after his son died, Stephen Panus, 1991 international studies, decided to create a scholarship for walk-on football players at South Carolina. Coach Shane Beamer selects each year’s recipient. Panus says he asks the coach to choose someone who is deserving for his hard work ethic, but who also exhibits other characteristics of his late son.

“I initially started writing to survive. And it was really a letter to Jake initially. And I would stop and start a lot because it really hurt.”

“He was the type of kid that when he walked into a room, he lit it up. You knew he was there. His energy was electric. It was just who he was. He was very comfortable in his own skin and was, from an early age, able to be exactly who he was. And that was by the grace of God.”

Honoring his son’s memory with the scholarship helped, but Panus’ heart still felt heavy. So the former attorney, who has also worked as a publicist and sports agent and serves as president of the Jockey Club's America's Best Racing brand, became a writer. At first, the writing was just for himself and his younger son, Liam, who was 11 when Jake died.

“I initially started writing to survive,” Panus says. “And it was really a letter to Jake initially. And I would stop and start a lot because it really hurt. 

“I recalled that I used to have this tradition where I would write my boys little morning messages on sticky notes. They were inspiring, uplifting and hopeful quotes that talked about different characteristics and values in life that I thought mattered and that I wanted to instill in them.

“I was trying to make sense of my life, trying to make sense of those quotes, like, where was the meaning, the truth in them after just having lost Jake,” he says. “You question everything, and I knew that I had to make sense of those, not only for myself, but more importantly for Liam. I needed to set or model a way out of this for Liam.”

He began writing about those inspirational quotes and what they meant now that Jake had died.  

“I didn't start out to write a book. I just started it to write it, and maybe it would be something that I would give Liam down the road,” he says. “But after I reached what I thought was the end point, I said, well, maybe this could help others beyond Liam, and that's where the book idea came from.”

Panus will discuss his book Walk On at All Good Books in Columbia’s Five Points district beginning at 6 p.m. April 23.

Panus says a significant portion of the book’s proceeds will go to support the Jake Panus Walk-On Scholarship at USC, which has awarded three scholarships so far and is typically awarded at the beginning of football season.

Images: In the top image, Stephen Panus stands with his sons, Jake (left) and Liam. Inset image is of Stephen and Jake.

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Why Writing Down Angry Thoughts and Shredding Them May Help You Process Emotions in a Healthy Way

A new study in Japan found that the physical disposal of the paper itself played a key role in eliminating the anger

Erin Clack is a Staff Editor for PEOPLE. She has been writing about fashion, parenting and pop culture for more than 15 years.

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Managing your anger could be as simple as putting pen to paper — followed by one extra key step — according to a new study.

In the findings, published on April 9 in Nature 's Scientific Reports, researchers in Japan found that writing down your thoughts and feelings after a negative incident on a piece of paper and then shredding it or crumbling it into a ball and throwing it out in a trash bin can dispel anger. Specifically, it was the act of disposing of the paper — rather than just writing down feelings — that eliminated anger in the study participants.

"This study shows that physical disposal of a piece of paper containing one’s written thoughts on the cause of a provocative event neutralizes anger, while holding the paper did not," the study's authors, Yuta Kanaya and Nobuyuki Kawai, wrote.

To conduct the study, a group of 57 students from a local university were asked to write brief opinions about an important social problem, such as smoking in public. Their handwritten responses were deliberately given low evaluations (according to criteria such as intelligence, rationality, logic and friendliness) and even some insulting comments.

The provoked participants then wrote down their angry thoughts about the negative feedback they received. One group of participants disposed of their paper in either the trash can or the shredder, while the other group kept their paper in a file or a plastic box on their desk.

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While all of the participants demonstrated an increased subjective rating of anger in response to the negative feedback, those who discarded their paper in the trash can or shredded it returned to their baseline state. However, those people who retained their paper experienced only a small reduction in their overall anger.

"The meaning (interpretation) of disposal plays a critical role," the researchers concluded. "These results are consistent with other studies which showed that the meaning of disposal was critical for determining its impact, not the action itself."

The study's authors noted that the results may be connected to the phenomenon of "backward magical contagion," which is "the belief that actions taken on an object (e.g. hair) associated with an individual can affect the individuals themselves."

"The phenomenon of ‘magical contagion’ or ‘celebrity contagion’ refers to the belief that the ‘essence’ of an individual can be transferred to their possessions," they continued. "This backward magical contagion operates in a reversed process, where manipulating an object associated with a person is thought to impact the individuals themselves."

The elimination of anger through the disposal of an object may be achieved by recognizing that the physical entity — in this case, the piece of paper — has been diminished, causing the anger to also disappear.

Kanaya and Kawai noted that the study reveals a "convenient" and "cost-effective" way to manage anger in a variety of settings, including childcare, business meetings and clinical applications.

"The building blocks of this method (e.g. applying it to a digital device or creating a specific application) could be useful in various daily situations as well as behavioral therapies. In particular, for someone who has difficulty suppressing their anger in their homes," they wrote.

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Writing a new Sherlock Holmes story was daunting – but mine does something that hasn’t been done before

The thriller writer on the responsibility, challenges and joy of writing an authorised new adventure

S mog-filled Victorian alleyways where villains lurk with glittering knives. Bleak heaths where giant devil dogs await the weary traveller. Blackmailers laughing at wide-eyed victims. All these have been my companions for half a year as I have felt my way through the landscapes of the world’s most famous detective: Sherlock Holmes. Because a few weeks ago, authorised to do so by the Conan Doyle estate , and in a haze of 4am self-doubt, I finished writing a new official Holmes novel, Holmes and Moriarty .

In recent years, only one other author, Anthony Horowitz, has been allowed to write a new authorised novel; so it’s been a riveting project – but a daunting one too.

Everyone wants a piece of Sherlock Holmes. Around the world there are those who grew up with Harry Potter, James Bond or Alice, but only Holmes has been absorbed and adapted by just about every society, either gently moulding or violently pummelling him into place.

The first major stage version, for instance, was on Broadway in 1899 by American actor William Gillette. That opened the floodgates to hugely popular French “gentleman burglar” Arsène Lupin battling Holmes in a copyright-infringing 1907 story.

Skip through a century of radio plays, card games and prog-rock operas, and 2024 features Sherlock in Russia on Russian TV, in which the hero, a native of St Petersburg, is in pursuit of Jack the Ripper, who has turned up on the streets of his home town; Sherlock Holmes: The Devil’s Daughter for your Xbox games console; or Young Miss Holmes , one of the biggest-selling Japanese manga comic series.

The question I had to grapple with is where that leaves me. If every possible incarnation or setting has been attempted – and believe me, it has – there’s little point in trying to push the boundaries just for the sake of it. So no, I made a decision straight off the bat to stick with what has always grabbed Holmes’s public: intellectual mystery; characters with a hint of the Gothic romance about them; and the dangerous thought that your hero could turn into antihero at any moment.

That said, I also wanted to offer something that you don’t find in the Holmes canon. It took a lot of shut-away pondering to create a storyline in which Holmes and Professor Moriarty – a character who, incredibly, appears in person in only a single story – are forced to work together on a case. It provides room to explore both the fascinating criminal mastermind, and the sparks that fly as the two compete, collaborate, stab each other in the back and save one another from fatal peril.

Perhaps the reason these characters are so gripping is that they are, in fact, drawn from the real world. As Conan Doyle explained in his autobiography: “I was educated in a very severe and critical school of medical thought, especially coming under the influence of Dr Bell of Edinburgh who had the most remarkable powers of observation. He prided himself that when he looked at a patient he could tell not only their disease, but very often their occupation and place of residence.”

While, for his part, Professor Moriarty was based on the real-life Adam Worth, known as “the Napoleon of crime”.

There’s something a bit thrilling for an author about stealing part of your book from the world of flesh and blood, as if you might be caught doing it and arrested. That’s why one plot thread in Holmes and Moriarty is taken straight from a famous real murder mystery that could have groundshaking consequences for the British constitution if it’s ever solved. It’s far more extraordinary than anything I could have dreamed up, so I thieved it from history.

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One of the most intriguing aspects of the stories is how they address controversial issues we think today that we invented: religious extremism in A Study in Scarlet ; interracial marriage in The Adventure of the Yellow Face ; the mafia in The Adventure of the Six Napoleons . ( The Man with the Twisted Lip is a searing indictment of the low salaries paid to journalists, though I accept this may not be a universal concern.)

And yet we mustn’t feel a need to make a run at any hot topics just because – like Everest – they’re there . Indeed, my favourite story is The Adventure of the Creeping Man , a bonkers mashup of gothic horror and science fiction. The literary equivalent of a rugby club Christmas lunch, it’s often considered among the worst of Conan Doyle’s stories. I don’t care. I like it the most.

Oh, let’s go with what enthrals us. That’s why I’m taking my cue from when William Gillette telegrammed Conan Doyle to ask if he could marry Holmes off in his play. Conan Doyle, ever the liberal author, replied: “You may marry him, or murder or do what you like with him.”

Holmes and Moriarty is published on 12 September

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‘The Walking Dead’ Emmy Plans: Spinoff ‘The Ones Who Live’ Submits for Limited Series, Danai Gurira Up for Both Acting and Writing

AMC Networks also reveals its submissions for other spinoffs dramas 'Daryl Dixon' with Norman Reedus and 'Dead City' with Jeffrey Dean Morgan

By Clayton Davis

Clayton Davis

Senior Awards Editor

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AMC Networks remain hopeful the Emmy chances for its zombie apocalypse property are not dead.

The network announced its Emmy submission strategy for the three spinoffs from “ The Walking Dead ” universe: “Daryl Dixon,” “Dead City,” and “The Ones Who Live.”

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“Daryl Dixon,” starring Norman Reedus, will compete in the drama series categories. As the titular character, Reedus will aim for a lead drama actor nod, while his co-star Clémence Poésy, who plays nun Isabelle Carriere, being considered for a supporting mention. Reedus’ travel show “Riding with Norman Reedus,” now in its sixth season, will vie for a hosted nonfiction series or special.

“Dead City,” which features the characters Maggie and Negan (Lauren Cohan and Jeffrey Dean Morgan) in Manhattan in search of Maggie’s son (and Glenn, rest in peace) will see both actors competing in the lead races. The season finale “Doma Smo” will represent for both director Gandja Monteiro and writer Eli Jorne.

Despite its popularity, “The Walking Dead,” which ran from 2010 to 2021, struggled to make a significant impact at the Emmys , with only 16 nominations and two wins across 177 episodes and 11 seasons. Other spinoffs like “Fear the Walking Dead,” “World Beyond,” and “Tales of the Walking Dead” have also been ignored.

Emmy submissions are due May 9 with the eligibility deadline for all series concluding their runs by May 31. Nominations-round voting runs from June 13 to June 24.

AMC’s Emmy submissions are below. All are subject to change.

“Monsieur Spade”

• Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series
• Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Clive Owen
• Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Cara Bossom
• Outstanding Directing For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Scott Frank
• Outstanding Writing For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Scott Frank & Tom Fontana
• Outstanding Production Design For A Narrative Period Or Fantasy Program (One Hour Or More) – Benoît Barouh, Production Designer
• Outstanding Casting For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Constance Demontoy, Casting by (UK); Olivia Scott-Webb, Casting by (France); Agnès Alberny, Casting by (France)
• Outstanding Cinematography For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – David Ungaro, AFC (103)
• Outstanding Period Costumes – Nathalie Chesnais, Head Costume Supervisor
• Outstanding Picture Editing For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – François Gedigier (102)
• Outstanding Period Or Fantasy/Sci-Fi Hairstyling – Dominique Segonds, Hair Dresser and Hair Supervisor
• Outstanding Period Or Fantasy/Sci-Fi Makeup (Non-Prosthetic) – Florence Rodriguez, Makeup Artist and Makeup Supervisor
• Outstanding Original Music And Lyrics – Laetitia Sadier and Lukas Frank
• Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music – Carlos Rafael Rivera, Original Music by
• Outstanding Music Supervision – Thibault Deboaisne, Music Supervision
• Outstanding Sound Editing For A Limited Or Anthology Series, Movie Or Special – Nicolas Moreau, Sound EditorOutstanding Sound Mixing For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Téphane Bucher, Production Mixer; Olivier Dô Hûu, Re-Recording Mixer (102)

“Parish”

• Outstanding Drama Series
• Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series – Giancarlo Esposito
• Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Drama Series – Zackary Momoh
• Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Drama Series – Skeet Ulrich
• Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Drama Series – Bradley Whitford
• Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Drama Series – Paula Malcomson
• Outstanding Directing For A Drama Series – Karen Gaviola (106)
• Outstanding Writing For A Drama Series – Theo Travers, Hanna Mcintosh, Eduardo Javier Canto, Ryan Maldonado (106)
• Outstanding Production Design For A Narrative Contemporary Program (One Hour Or More) – Alec Hammond, Production Designer (101)
• Outstanding Casting For A Drama Series – Sharon Bialy, Casting by; Gohar Gazazyan, Casting by; Sherry Thomas, Casting by
• Outstanding Cinematography For A Series (One Hour) – Amy Vincent, ASC (101
• Outstanding Contemporary Costumes – Carol Cutshall, Costume Designer
• Outstanding Picture Editing For A Drama Series – Matthew V Colonna (101
• Outstanding Main Title Design – Untold Studios
• Outstanding Music Composition For A Series (Original Dramatic Score) – Wow Jones & Jimijame$, Music by
• Outstanding Original Music And Lyrics – Wow Jones & Jimijame$, Music by (103
• Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music – Wow Jones & Jimijame$, Music by
• Outstanding Music Supervision – Joel C. High, Music Supervisor (101
• Outstanding Sound Editing For A Comedy Or Drama Series (One Hour) – Daniel Colman Mpse, Supervising Sound Editor (101)
• Outstanding Sound Mixing For A Comedy Or Drama Series (One Hour) – Bj Lehn, Production Sound Mixer; Mark D. Fleming CAS, Re-Recording Mixer; Myron Nettinga, Re-Recording Mixer
• Outstanding Stunt Coordination For Drama Programming And/Or Outstanding Stunt Performance – Andy Dylan, Stunt Coordinator 

“Dark Winds” — Season 2

• Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series – Zahn McClarnon
• Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Drama Series – Kiowa Gordon
• Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Drama Series – Jessica Matten
• Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Drama Series – Jeri Ryan
• Outstanding Directing For A Drama Series – Chris Eyre (206)
• Outstanding Writing For A Drama Series – John Wirth & Graham Roland (206)
• Outstanding Casting For A Drama Series – Rene Haynes CSA, Casting by; Jennifer Schwalenberg CSA, Local Casting
• Outstanding Cinematography For A Series (One Hour) – Paul Elliot (203
• Outstanding Picture Editing For A Drama Series – Bridget Durnford (204
• Outstanding Picture Editing For A Drama Series – Christopher A. Smith (206
• Outstanding Music Composition For A Series (Original Dramatic Score) – Kevin Kiner, Music by; Sean Kiner, Music by; David Kiner, Music b
• Outstanding Music Supervision – Rick Clark, Music Supervisor (206
• Outstanding Sound Editing For A Comedy Or Drama Series (One Hour) – Rob Webber, Sound Supervisor (204)
• Outstanding Sound Mixing For A Comedy Or Drama Series (One Hour) – David Stevens, Production Sound Mixer; Rick Ash, Re-Recording Mixer; Scott Webber, Re-Recording Mixer (206)

“The Walking Dead: Dead City”

• Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series – Jeffrey Dean Morgan
• Outstanding Lead Actress In A Drama Series – Lauren Cohan
• Outstanding Directing For A Drama Series – Gandja Monteiro (106)
• Outstanding Writing For A Drama Series – Eli Jorne (106)
• Outstanding Main Title Design – Picture Mill
• Outstanding Special Visual Effects In A Season Or A Movie – Ajoy Mani, Visual Effects Producing Supervisor; Johann Kunz, Special Effects Supervisor
• Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series – Norman Reedus
• Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Drama Series – Clémence Poésy
• Outstanding Directing For A Drama Series – Daniel Percival (102)
• Outstanding Writing For A Drama Series – David Zabel & Jason Richman (102)
• Outstanding Production Design For A Narrative Period Or Fantasy Program (One Hour Or More) – Clovis Weil (103)
• Outstanding Cinematography For A Series (One Hour) – Tomaso Fiorillo (102)
• Outstanding Picture Editing For A Drama Series – Shari Mead (102)
• Outstanding Main Title Design – Prologue Films
• Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup – Greg Nicotero
• Outstanding Music Composition For A Series (Original Dramatic Score) – David Sardy (105)
• Outstanding Special Visual Effects In A Season Or A Movie Or Outstanding Special Visual Effects In A Single Episode – Joa M’changama, VFX Supervisor

“The Walking Dead: The Ones Who Live”

• Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Andrew Lincoln
• Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Danai Gurira
• Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Matthew Jeffers
• Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Pollyanna Mcintosh
• Outstanding Directing For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Michael Slovis (104)
• Outstanding Writing For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Danai Gurira (104)
• Outstanding Main Title Design – Huge Designs
• Outstanding Special Visual Effects In A Season Or A Movie Or Outstanding Special Visual Effects In A Single Episode – Johann Kunz, SPFX Supervisor; Charlotta Forssman, VFX Supervisor
• Outstanding Cinematography For A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie – Adrian Peng Correia (101), Wesley Cardino (Episode TBC)

“Planet Earth III”

• Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Series
• Outstanding Narrator – David Attenborough, Narrator
• Outstanding Directing For A Documentary/Nonfiction Program – Will Ridgein (Ocean)
• Outstanding Cinematography For A Nonfiction Program – Luke Nelson, Kevin Flay, Justin Maguire, John Shier, Barrie Britton, Daniel Hunter, Edward Saltau, Pete Cayless, Justine Evans, Jake Davis, Oliver Mueller, Ronan Donovan, Alain Lusignan, Ryan Deboodt, Cyril Ruoso, Pascal Lorent, Stuart Trowell, Rolf Steinmann, Braydon Moloney (Extremes)
• Outstanding Music Composition For A Documentary Series Or Special (Original Dramatic Score) – Hans Zimmer, Original Music by; Jacob Shea, Original Music by; Sara Barone, Original Music by
• Outstanding Sound Editing For A Nonfiction Or Reality Program – Johnny Crew & Tim Owens (Freshwater)
• Outstanding Sound Mixing For A Nonfiction Or Reality Program – Graham Wild & Oliver Baldwin & Olga Reed (Deserts And Grasslands)

“The Boulet Brothers’ Dragula” Season 5

• Outstanding Reality Competition Program (501)
• Outstanding Host For A Reality Or Reality Competition Program – The Boulet Brothers
• Outstanding Costumes For Variety, Nonfiction Or Reality Programming – Mindy L’amour, Venus Prototype
• Outstanding Hairstyling For A Variety, Nonfiction Or Reality Program – Marco’s Wigs
• Outstanding Makeup For A Variety, Nonfiction Or Reality Program – The Boulet Brothers

“Cooper’s Bar” Season 2

• Outstanding Comedy Series
• Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series – Rhea Seehorn
• Outstanding Directing For A Comedy Series – Hannah Davis (204)
• Outstanding Writing For A Comedy Series – David Conolly & Hannah Davis & Nick Morton (204)

“Ride With Norman Reedus” Season 6

• Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series Or Special

“The Disappearance of Shere Hite”

• Exceptional Merit In Documentary Filmmaking
• Outstanding Narrator – Dakota Johnson
• Outstanding Picture Editing For A Nonfiction Program – Eileen Meyer

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Taylor Swift Has Given Fans a Lot. Is It Finally Too Much?

Swift has been inescapable over the last year. With the release of “The Tortured Poets Department,” her latest (very long) album, some seem to finally be feeling fatigued.

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By Matt Stevens and Shivani Gonzalez

Four new studio albums. Four rerecorded albums, too. A $1 billion oxygen-sucking world tour with a concert movie to match. And, of course, one very high-profile relationship that spilled over into the Super Bowl .

For some, the constant deluge that has peaked in the past year is starting to add up to a new (and previously unthinkable) feeling: Taylor Swift fatigue.

And it is a feeling that has only solidified online in the days following the release of “The Tortured Poets Department,” which morphed from a 16-song album into a 31-song, two-hour epic just hours after its release .

Many critics (including The New York Times’s own) have suggested that the album was overstuffed — simply not her best. And critiques of the music have now opened a sliver of space for a wider round of complaint unlike any Swift has faced over her prolific and world-conquering recent run.

“It’s almost like if you produce too much… too fast… in a brazen attempt to completely saturate and dominate a market rather than having something important or even halfway interesting to say… the art suffers!” Chris Murphy, a staff writer at Vanity Fair, posted on X .

Which is not to say nobody listened to the album; far from it. Spotify said “Poets,” which was released on Friday, became the most-streamed album in a single day with more than 300 million streams .

And of course, many of Swift’s most ardent fans, known as “Swifties,” loved her 11th album or, at least, have decided to air any reservations in private conversations. The first days of the album’s release have been greeted with the usual lyrical dissections for key allusions hidden within the songs, attention to every word that few other artists receive.

But others, including some self-identified Swift fans, have freely admitted frustration. Fans and critics alike have contended that Swift’s lyrics have become a tad verbose and that the tracks on this latest album — many of them breakup songs — sounded a whole lot like others she has already put out . The internet has also provided an almost unlimited supply of jokes about the length of the album .

Some admonished Swift for selling so many versions of “Poets” only to double its size after those orders were in, part of a cynically corporate rollout . (Care for the CD , vinyl or the Phantom Clear vinyl ?) The Daily Mail cobbled together what it deemed “The 10 WORST lyrics in Taylor Swift’s new album — ranked!”

For its part, Reductress , the satirical women’s magazine, offered a post titled “Woman Doing Her Best to Like New Taylor Swift Album Lest She Face the Consequences.”

Those who dare to publicly criticize Swift are acutely aware of the potential for backlash. Murphy, the Vanity Fair writer, made a dark joke about it . At least one X user who posted a lengthy thread eviscerating Swift, the album and its rollout took the post private after it got more than three million views. Paste Magazine opted not to put a byline on its harsh review of Swift’s album, citing safety concerns for the writer.

In an unusual twist, even Swift herself is widely viewed as admonishing her most militant defenders in one particular song on the new album, “But Daddy I Love Him.” Some contingents of Swift’s fanbase strongly disapproved of her brief relationship with Matty Healy of the 1975 and appear to now be bristling at the amount of record real estate Healy consumes on the latest album .

Weird, complicated times in Taylor land.

“It might be a tough few days for the fanbase,” Nathan Hubbard, a co-host of the Ringer podcast, “ Every Single Album ,” wrote in a social media thread about “Poets” on Friday . “They’ll hear some valid criticism they aren’t used to (if the critics dare), and for many they’ll have to reconcile their own truth that this isn’t their favorite, while still rightly celebrating it and supporting her.”

Indeed, grinding through the 31-song double album after midnight had felt like “a hostage situation,” Hubbard wrote.

On a new podcast episode, which was released over the weekend, Hubbard and his co-host, Nora Princiotti, were among those who pointed out that while the album may be imperfect, Swift simply may have needed to purge herself of the songs on “Poets” to process a turbulent time in her life.

Princiotti said she enjoyed much of the album and was careful to stipulate that “Poets” did contain several “special songs.”

But she also allowed for some “tough love.”

“Musically, I do not really hear anything new,” she said, adding that Swift “could have done a little bit more self editing.”

“I don’t think the fact that this is a double-album that is more than two hours in length serves what’s good about it,” Princiotti said. “And I think that for the second album in a row, I’m still sort of left going, ‘OK, where do we go from here?’”

Princiotti ultimately graded “Poets” a “B.” And in the world of her podcast and universe of Taylor Swift, Princiotti acknowledged — that might have been an all-time low.

An earlier version of this article misstated the title of Taylor Swift’s new album. It is “The Tortured Poets Department,” not “The Tortured Poets Society.”

How we handle corrections

Matt Stevens writes about arts and culture news for The Times. More about Matt Stevens

Shivani Gonzalez is a news assistant at The Times who writes a weekly TV column and contributes to a variety of sections. More about Shivani Gonzalez

Inside the World of Taylor Swift

A Triumph at the Grammys: Taylor Swift made history  by winning her fourth album of the year at the 2024 edition of the awards, an event that saw women take many of the top awards .

‘The T ortured Poets Department’: Poets reacted to Swift’s new album name , weighing in on the pertinent question: What do the tortured poets think ?  

In the Public Eye: The budding romance between Swift and the football player Travis Kelce created a monocultural vortex that reached its apex  at the Super Bowl in Las Vegas. Ahead of kickoff, we revisited some key moments in their relationship .

Politics (Taylor’s Version): After months of anticipation, Swift made her first foray into the 2024 election for Super Tuesday with a bipartisan message on Instagram . The singer, who some believe has enough influence  to affect the result of the election , has yet to endorse a presidential candidate.

Conspiracy Theories: In recent months, conspiracy theories about Swift and her relationship with Kelce have proliferated , largely driven by supporters of former President Donald Trump . The pop star's fans are shaking them off .