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What makes a hero, we all have an inner hero, argues philip zimbardo . here's how to find it..

This month, Greater Good features videos of a presentation by Philip Zimbardo, the world-renowned psychologist perhaps best known for his infamous Stanford Prison Experiment. In his talk, Zimbardo discusses the psychology of evil and of heroism, exploring why good people sometimes turn bad and how we can encourage more people to perform heroic acts. In this excerpt from his talk, he zeroes in on his research and educational program designed to foster the “heroic imagination.”

More on Heroism

Watch the video of Philip Zimbardo's Greater Good talk on heroism.

Read his essay on " The Banality of Heroism ," which further explores the conditions that can promote heroism vs. evil.

Read this Greater Good essay on the "psychology of the bystander."

Learn more about Zimbardo's Heroic Imagination Project.

What makes us good? What makes us evil?

Research has uncovered many answers to the second question: Evil can be fostered by dehumanization, diffusion of responsibility, obedience to authority, unjust systems, group pressure, moral disengagement, and anonymity, to name a few.

heroic traits essay

But when we ask why people become heroic, research doesn’t yet have an answer. It could be that heroes have more compassion or empathy; maybe there’s a hero gene; maybe it’s because of their levels of oxytocin—research by neuroeconomist Paul Zak has shown that this “love hormone” in the brain increases the likelihood you’ll demonstrate altruism. We don’t know for sure.

I believe that heroism is different than altruism and compassion. For the last five years, my colleagues and I have been exploring the nature and roots of heroism, studying exemplary cases of heroism and surveying thousands of people about their choices to act (or not act) heroically. In that time, we’ve come to define heroism as an activity with several parts.

First, it’s performed in service to others in need—whether that’s a person, group, or community—or in defense of certain ideals. Second, it’s engaged in voluntarily, even in military contexts, as heroism remains an act that goes beyond something required by military duty. Third, a heroic act is one performed with recognition of possible risks and costs, be they to one’s physical health or personal reputation, in which the actor is willing to accept anticipated sacrifice. Finally, it is performed without external gain anticipated at the time of the act.

Simply put, then, the key to heroism is a concern for other people in need—a concern to defend a moral cause, knowing there is a personal risk, done without expectation of reward.

By that definition, then, altruism is heroism light—it doesn’t always involve a serious risk. Compassion is a virtue that may lead to heroism, but we don’t know that it does. We’re just now starting to scientifically distinguish heroism from these other concepts and zero in on what makes a hero.

My work on heroism follows 35 years of research in which I studied the psychology of evil, including my work on the infamous Stanford Prison Experiment . The two lines of research aren’t as different as they might seem; they’re actually two sides of the same coin.

A key insight from research on heroism so far is that the very same situations that inflame the hostile imagination in some people, making them villains, can also instill the heroic imagination in other people, prompting them to perform heroic deeds.

Take the Holocaust. Christians who helped Jews were in the same situation as other civilians who helped imprison or kill Jews, or ignored their suffering. The situation provided the impetus to act heroically or malevolently. Why did some people choose one path or the other?

Another key insight from my research has been that there’s no clear line between good and evil. Instead, the line is permeable; people can cross back and forth between it.

This is an idea wonderfully represented in an illusion by M. C. Escher, at left. When you squint and focus on the white as the figures and the black as the background, you see a world full of angels and tutus dancing around happily. But now focus on the black as the figures and the white as the background: Now it’s a world full of demons.

What Escher’s telling us is that the world is filled with angels and devils, goodness and badness, and these dark and light aspects of human nature are our basic yin and yang. That is, we all are born with the capacity to be anything. Because of our incredible brains, anything that is imaginable becomes possible, anything that becomes possible can get transformed into action, for better or for worse. 

Some people argue humans are born good or born bad; I think that’s nonsense. We are all born with this tremendous capacity to be anything, and we get shaped by our circumstances—by the family or the culture or the time period in which we happen to grow up, which are accidents of birth; whether we grow up in a war zone versus peace; if we grow up in poverty rather than prosperity.

George Bernard Shaw captured this point in the preface to his great play “Major Barbara”: “Every reasonable man and woman is a potential scoundrel and a potential good citizen. What a man is depends upon his character what’s inside. What he does and what we think of what he does depends on upon his circumstances.”

So each of us may possess the capacity to do terrible things. But we also posses an inner hero; if stirred to action, that inner hero is capable of performing tremendous goodness for others.

Another conclusion from my research is that few people do evil and fewer act heroically. Between these extremes in the bell curve of humanity are the masses—the general population who do nothing, who I call the “reluctant heroes”—those who refuse the call to action and, by doing nothing, often implicitly support the perpetrators of evil.

So on this bell curve of humanity, villains and heroes are the outliers. The reluctant heroes are the rest. What we need to discover is how to give a call to service to this general population. How do we make them aware of the evil that exists? How do we prevent them from getting seduced to the dark side?

We don’t yet have a recipe for creating heroes, but we have some clues, based on the stories of some inspiring heroes.

I love the story of a wonderful nine-year-old Chinese boy, who I call a dutiful hero. In 2008, there was a massive earthquake in China’s Szechuan province. The ceiling fell down on a school, killing almost all the kids in it. This kid escaped, and as he was running away he noticed two other kids struggling to get out. He ran back and saved them. He was later asked, “Why did you do that?” He replied, “I was the hall monitor! It was my duty, it was my job to look after my classmates!”

This perfectly illustrates what I call the “heroic imagination,” a focus on one’s duty to help and protect others. For him, it was cultivated by being assigned this role of hall monitor.

Another story: Irena Sendler was a Polish hero, a Catholic woman who saved at least 2,500 Jewish kids who were holed up in the Warsaw ghetto that the Nazis had erected. She was able to convince the parents of these kids to allow her to smuggle them out of the ghetto to safety. To do this, she organized a network.

That is a key principle of heroism: Heroes are most effective not alone but in a network. It’s through forming a network that people have the resources to bring their heroic impulses to life.

What these stories suggest is that every one of us can be a hero. Through my work on heroism, I’ve become even more convinced that acts of heroism don’t just arrive from truly exceptional people but from people placed in the right circumstance, given the necessary tools to transform compassion into heroic action.

Building on these insights, I have helped to start a program designed to learn more of heroism and to create the heroes of tomorrow.

The Heroic Imagination Project (HIP) is amplifying the voice of the world’s quiet heroes, using research and education networks to promote a heroic imagination in everyone, and then empower ordinary people of all ages and nations to engage in extraordinary acts of heroism. We want to democratize the notion of heroism, to emphasize that most heroes are ordinary people; it’s the act that’s extraordinary.

There are already a lot of great heroes projects out there, such as the Giraffe Heroes Project . The HIP is unique in that it’s the only one encouraging research into heroism, because there’s very little.

Here are a few key insights from research we’ve done surveying 4,000 Americans from across the country. Each of these statements is valid after controlling for all demographic variables, such as education and socioeconomic status.

Heroes surround us. One in five—20 percent—qualify as heroes, based on the definition of heroism I provide above. Seventy-two percent report helping another person in a dangerous emergency. Sixteen percent report whistle blowing on an injustice. Six percent report sacrificing for a non-relative or stranger. Fifteen percent report defying an unjust authority. And not one of these people has been formally recognized as a hero.

Opportunity matters. Most acts of heroism occur in urban areas, where there are more people and more people in need. You’re not going to be a hero if you live in the suburbs. No shit happens in the suburbs!

Education matters. The more educated you are, the more likely you are to be a hero, I think because you are more aware of situations.

Volunteering matters. One third of all the sample who were heroes also had volunteered significantly, up to 59 hours a week.

Gender matters. Males reported performing acts of heroism more than females. I think this is because women tend not to regard a lot of their heroic actions as heroic. It’s just what they think they’re supposed to do for their family or a friend.

Race matters. Blacks were eight times more likely than whites to qualify as heroes. We think that’s in part due to the rate of opportunity. (In our next survey, we’re going to track responses by area code to see if in fact these heroes are coming from inner cities.

Personal history matters. Having survived a disaster or personal trauma makes you three times more likely to be a hero and a volunteer.

Based on these insights into heroism, we’ve put together a toolkit for potential heroes, especially young heroes in training, who already have opportunities to act heroically when they’re kids, such as by opposing bullying.

A first step is to take the “hero pledge,” a public declaration on our website that says you’re willing to be a hero in waiting. It’s a pledge “to act when confronted with a situation where I feel something is wrong,” “to develop my heroic abilities,” and “to believe in the heroic capacities within myself and others, so I can build and refine them.”

You can also take our four-week “Hero Challenge” mini-course online to help you develop your heroic muscles. The challenge may not require you to do anything heroic, but it’s training you to be heroic. And we offer more rigorous, research-based education and training programs for middle and high schools, corporations, and the millitary that make people aware of the social factors that produce passivity, inspire them to take positive civic action, and encourage the skills needed to consistently translate heroic impulses into action.

We’re also in the process of creating an Encyclopedia of Heroes, a collection of hero stories from all over the world. Not just all the classic ones and fictional ones, but ones that people from around the world are going to send in, so they can nominate ordinary heroes with a picture and a story. It will be searchable, so you can find heroes by age, gender, city and country. These are the unsung, quiet heroes—they do their own thing, put themselves in danger, defend a moral cause, help someone in need. And we want to highlight them. We want them to be inspirational to other people just like them.

Essentially, we’re trying to build the social habits of heroes, to build a focus on the other, shifting away from the “me” and toward the “we.” As the poet John Donne wrote: “No man [or woman] is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main; … any man’s death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind. And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.”

So every person is part of humanity. Each person’s pulse is part of humanity’s heartbeat. Heroes circulate the life force of goodness in our veins. And what the world needs now is more heroes—you. It’s time to take action against evil.

About the Author

Philip Zimbardo

Philip Zimbardo

Philip Zimbardo, Ph.D. , is a professor emeritus of psychology at Stanford University, a professor at Palo Alto University, a two-time past president of the Western Psychological Association, and a past president of the American Psychological Association. He is also the author of the best-selling book The Lucifer Effect and the president of the Heroic Imagination Project .

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Altruism, Heroism, and the Psychology of the Bystander

Very nice information. In this world this is the very difficult question that what makes people good or evil. This post has helped a lot to understand the difference. Actually in my point of it depends upon the individual that what he/she thinks. If he/she thinks negative all the time them they became evil and thinking vice versa makes them good.

Andrew | 2:31 am, January 19, 2011 | Link

I really like reading this article because there are many individuals in the world that are heroes but are not recognized.  Heroes that have help humanity progress and prosper have fought with the greatest weapons which are love, respect, sincerity, and peace.  The governments that have had the greatest fear of seeing people free have always use war for colonization, genocide, and false treaties.  However, love is much stronger than war, and thanks to the modern forms of communication and exchange of information, more people are united for peace and do not support or participate in colonization or human genocide.  Since the start of humanity most people have use peace to progress, few have participated in war and few are participating. May peace prevail on earth!

Victor | 7:48 pm, January 29, 2011 | Link

A son raising up against an evil father. A brother standing up to a bully attacking his sibling. A stranger rallying to the side of a woman being assaulted in the street.

My sons are my strength. My reason to help others, that they may find the help they need in their lives.

pops | 9:39 am, February 3, 2011 | Link

Of course religion and eduction has a big impact on a child. But once a child is trying to live a good life (earning good karma or call it whatever you want) good things will happen to that child and he or she will recognize this.

So I think you can definitely change from evil to good.. maybe you _can be changed_ from good to evil.

Massud Hosseini | 7:28 am, September 17, 2011 | Link

Actually in my point of it depends upon the individual that what he/she thinks

asalah | 9:41 pm, September 24, 2011 | Link

“Research has uncovered many answers to the second question: Evil can be fostered by dehumanization, diffusion of responsibility, obedience to authority, unjust systems, group pressure, moral disengagement, and anonymity, to name a few.”  <—What I find amazing about this statement is that anything is being branded “evil” at all.  Well, maybe not.  Relativism seems to be something that’s employed when convenient, disregarded when it’s not.

Kukri | 6:58 pm, November 6, 2011 | Link

This is a very comprehensive discussion on heroism. Victor makes a great point in his comment about how most heroes go unnoticed by the vast majority of people. I think that lack of notoriety is part of what it means to be a hero: doing that which is unexpected without the need for a pat on the back. quotes for facebook status

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When a sniper’s bullet hits one soldier and misses the person next to him, that alone does not make the wounded soldier more heroic.

brokesteves | 6:10 am, April 24, 2012 | Link

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Qualities of a Hero

10 Qualities of a Hero: What Makes a True Hero According to Psychology

When we think of heroes, we often picture someone brave, selfless, and inspiring. Heroes come in many forms, from everyday people who perform extraordinary acts of kindness to larger-than-life figures who save the world from destruction. But what exactly makes a hero? What qualities do they possess that set them apart from the rest of us?

According to research, heroes share several key characteristics. They are brave, determined, and have a strong sense of conviction. They are also honest and empathetic and have an excellent capacity for nurturing and protecting others. Heroes often put themselves in harm’s way to help others, and they inspire those around them to be their best selves.

One of the most essential qualities of a hero is their moral integrity . Heroes stand up for what is right, even when difficult or unpopular. They do not compromise their values or beliefs, and they are willing to make sacrifices for the greater good. Whether they are fighting for social justice, rescuing people from danger, or simply being a positive role model, heroes have a profound impact on the world around them.

Qualities of a Hero: Innate Goodness

As we explore the qualities of a hero, one trait that stands out is their innate goodness. Heroes possess a natural sense of compassion and integrity that sets them apart from others. Let’s take a closer look at these two sub-traits.

Compassion is the ability to feel empathetic towards others and to take action to alleviate their suffering. Heroes possess an innate sense of compassion that drives them to help others in need. They can put themselves in other people’s shoes and understand their pain and struggles. This sense of compassion motivates heroes to act selflessly and put others’ needs before their own.

Integrity is another sub-trait that is closely tied to innate goodness. Heroes possess a strong sense of integrity that guides their actions and decisions. They have a deep-rooted sense of what is right and wrong, and they never compromise their values or beliefs. This unwavering commitment to integrity makes heroes stand out from the crowd. They are willing to make difficult choices and take risks to uphold their principles.

Heroes possess an innate goodness characterized by compassion and integrity. These traits make them stand out from others and inspire us to be better people. By cultivating these qualities within ourselves, we can all strive to be heroes in our own right.

Qualities of a Hero: Courage and Bravery

Courage and bravery are two of the most important qualities of a hero. These qualities are essential in facing difficult situations and overcoming obstacles. In this section, we will discuss the sub-sections of fearlessness and risk-taking.

Fearlessness

Fearlessness is the ability to face danger or difficulty without fear. It is an essential quality of a hero, allowing them to act bravely in the face of adversity. Fearlessness is not the absence of fear but rather the ability to confront and overcome it.

There are many examples of fearlessness in history. For instance, Martin Luther King Jr. was fearless in pursuing civil rights despite facing violence and oppression. Malala Yousafzai was fearless in her fight for education for girls in Pakistan, even after being shot by the Taliban.

Risk Taking

Risk-taking is another essential quality of a hero. It is the willingness to take on challenges and face uncertainty. Heroes often take risks to achieve their goals, even when the odds are against them.

Risk-taking can be seen in many areas of life, from business to sports to personal relationships. For example, Elon Musk took a massive risk in starting SpaceX, a company that aims to colonize Mars. Serena Williams takes risks on the tennis court, going for difficult shots even when it might be safer to play it safe.

Courage and bravery are essential qualities of a hero. Fearlessness and risk-taking are two sub-sections that make up these qualities. Heroes throughout history have demonstrated these qualities in their pursuit of justice, freedom, and other noble causes.

Qualities of a Hero: Selflessness

As we explore the qualities of a hero, we cannot overlook the importance of selflessness. Heroes are often motivated by a desire to help others, even if it means sacrificing their well-being. Selflessness is a trait that is often associated with heroes.

Altruism is defined as the selfless concern for the welfare of others. Heroes often display this trait by putting the needs of others before their own. They are willing to go out of their way to help someone in need, even if it means putting themselves in danger. Altruism is a critical component of selflessness and a quality we should all strive to possess.

Another aspect of selflessness is sacrifice. Heroes often sacrifice their comfort and well-being for the greater good. This could mean giving up their time, money, or safety to help others. Sacrifice is not an easy thing to do, but heroes are willing to make tough choices and put themselves in harm’s way for the benefit of others.

Selflessness is an essential trait of a hero. Altruism and sacrifice are two key components of selflessness that heroes often display. We should all strive to possess these qualities and be willing to put the needs of others before our own.

Qualities of a Hero: Perseverance

Perseverance is a crucial quality of a hero. It means to continue striving towards a goal despite obstacles and setbacks. Heroes are known for their resilience and determination, two key sub-qualities of perseverance.

Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity. Heroes often face complex challenges, but their resilience allows them to overcome them. Resilient people are not easily discouraged by failure or setbacks. Instead, they use these experiences as opportunities to learn and grow.

Determination

Determination is the quality of being firmly committed to a goal. Heroes are known for their unwavering determination to achieve their objectives. Determined people are willing to put in the hard work and effort required to succeed. Obstacles or setbacks take time to deter them.

Perseverance is not just about overcoming obstacles but also about maintaining a positive attitude and mindset. Heroes are known for their ability to stay focused and motivated, even in the face of adversity. They understand that setbacks are a natural part of the journey towards success.

Perseverance is an essential quality of a hero. Resilience and determination are two key sub-qualities contributing to a hero’s ability to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals. By cultivating these qualities, we can all become heroes in our own lives.

Qualities of a Hero: Leadership

Leadership is a crucial quality of a hero. Heroic leaders inspire and direct their followers towards a common goal. They possess the ability to motivate others and lead them through challenging situations. In this section, we will discuss the qualities that make a heroic leader.

Inspiration

Heroic leaders inspire their followers to achieve greatness. They possess a clear vision and communicate it effectively to their team. They lead by example and are willing to take risks themselves. They are passionate about their goals and inspire others to share their vision.

One example of an inspiring leader is Nelson Mandela. He fought against apartheid and was imprisoned for 27 years. Despite the hardships he faced, he remained committed to his cause and inspired millions of people around the world. His leadership and determination led to the end of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic South Africa.

Heroic leaders provide direction to their followers. They have a clear plan and communicate it effectively to their team. They ensure that everyone understands their role and responsibilities. They monitor progress and make adjustments as necessary to keep their team on track.

An example of a leader who provided direction is Steve Jobs. He was the co-founder of Apple and was known for his attention to detail. He had a clear vision for the company and communicated it effectively to his team. He turned Apple into one of the most successful companies in the world.

Heroic leaders possess the qualities of inspiration and direction. They inspire their followers to achieve greatness and provide direction to help them reach their goals. They are passionate about their vision and are willing to take risks to achieve it.

Qualities of a Hero: Wisdom

Wisdom is an essential quality of a hero. It is characterized by the ability to make sound judgments and decisions based on knowledge and experience. In this section, we will discuss the two sub-sections of wisdom: judgment and knowledge.

Judgment is the ability to make good decisions based on careful consideration of all available information. It involves weighing the pros and cons of a situation and making a decision that is in the best interest of all parties involved. A hero with good judgment can think critically and objectively, even in high-pressure situations.

One example of a hero with excellent judgment is Nelson Mandela. During his time as the President of South Africa, he made the difficult decision to forgive his oppressors and work towards reconciliation, rather than seeking revenge. This decision helped to heal the wounds of apartheid and set South Africa on a path toward a brighter future.

Knowledge is the foundation of wisdom. It is the accumulation of information and experience that allows a hero to make informed decisions. A hero with extensive knowledge is better equipped to solve problems and make a positive impact on the world.

One example of a hero with vast knowledge is Marie Curie. She was a physicist and chemist who made groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity. Her work led to the developing of new medical treatments and technologies that have saved countless lives.

Wisdom is a crucial quality of a hero. It is the combination of good judgment and extensive knowledge that allows a hero to make a positive impact on the world. By striving to develop our wisdom, we can all become heroes in our own right.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some common characteristics of heroic figures.

Heroic figures often possess qualities such as courage, selflessness, and a strong sense of purpose. They are willing to put themselves in harm’s way to help others or achieve a greater good. They also tend to have a strong moral compass and a willingness to stand up for what they believe in, even in the face of adversity.

What are some qualities that make someone a hero?

Some qualities that make someone a hero include bravery, empathy, selflessness, and a willingness to take action. Heroes are often motivated by a desire to make a positive impact on the world and help others, even if it means putting themselves at risk. They also tend to possess a strong sense of integrity and a commitment to doing what is right.

What are some heroic traits that are valued in society?

Society values heroic traits such as courage, selflessness, and a willingness to help others. These traits are seen as admirable and worthy of respect. Other traits that are valued in heroes include perseverance, determination, and a strong sense of purpose.

What distinguishes a hero from an ordinary person?

What distinguishes a hero from an ordinary person is their willingness to take action and put themselves at risk in order to help others or achieve a greater good. Heroes often possess qualities such as courage, selflessness, and a strong sense of purpose that set them apart from others.

What are some examples of people who are considered heroes?

Examples of people who are considered heroes include firefighters, police officers, medical professionals, and members of the military. Other examples include activists, volunteers, and everyday people who have performed acts of kindness or bravery in the face of danger or adversity.

What are some ways in which people can develop heroic qualities?

People can develop heroic qualities by cultivating traits such as courage, empathy, and selflessness. This can be done through practice and by intentionally seeking out opportunities to help others or make a positive impact on the world. Additionally, seeking out role models and learning from their actions can also help to develop heroic qualities.

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Defining Heroism: Characteristics of Heroes Across Times

This essay about the enduring characteristics of heroes examines the universal traits that define heroism across various eras and cultures. It highlights bravery, not just in the physical sense but also as moral courage to uphold righteousness. The essay discusses the importance of self-sacrifice, showing how heroes prioritize the welfare of others, often at personal cost. It also explores how heroes respond to adversity, using their challenges as catalysts for personal growth and societal change. Finally, the essay reflects on the lasting impact of heroes, noting how their actions inspire further heroic deeds and foster societal advancement. Through these lenses, the essay underscores that heroism is not confined to epic acts but can manifest in everyday life.

How it works

The concept of heroism has been revered and elaborated upon throughout history, transcending cultures, epochs, and literature. What defines a hero? While the characteristics of heroes might vary depending on the time and place, some core qualities seem universally recognized. The idea of a hero embodies bravery, sacrifice, and the capacity to combat adversity, often for a greater good. These traits, timeless and boundless, provide a framework through which we can explore the essence of heroism.

At the heart of heroism lies the idea of bravery.

Bravery, in this context, isn’t merely physical courage but also the moral fortitude to stand up for what is right. Historical figures like Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi, who fought tirelessly against oppression without the use of violence, epitomize this kind of bravery. They did not wield swords or don armor; instead, their strength lay in their unyielding resolve and the power of their convictions. Their courage to face immense opposition and personal danger for the sake of justice and equality makes them heroes not just to their contemporaries, but to successive generations.

Another cornerstone of heroism is the willingness to make sacrifices. Heroes often put the needs of others before their own. Consider the firefighters who rush into burning buildings to save lives or the soldiers who defend their countries at the risk of their own safety. Their actions stem from a selfless nature, the readiness to endure loss and pain to protect others. In literature, these sacrifices often reach mythic proportions, such as those made by Katniss Everdeen in “The Hunger Games,” who volunteers to take her sister’s place in a deadly competition. Yet, real-life sacrifices need not be so dramatic to be heroic; everyday acts of kindness, like standing up for a bullied classmate or spending time to care for an ailing neighbor, also reflect heroic qualities.

Adversity is another crucial element in defining heroism. True heroes emerge not from a vacuum but from their reactions to challenging situations. Heroes are those who face difficulties with perseverance and resilience, transforming obstacles into opportunities to grow and inspire. This aspect of heroism is vividly captured in stories of survivors who turn their traumatic experiences into advocacy to help others. For instance, Malala Yousafzai, shot by the Taliban for advocating girls’ education, continues to fight for education rights worldwide, embodying the transformative power of facing and overcoming adversity.

Finally, the impact of a hero’s actions often extends beyond their immediate context, inspiring others and leaving a lasting legacy. Heroes ignite change, encouraging others to act heroically and perpetuate values such as justice, compassion, and resilience. The cumulative effect of these actions fosters a better society, proving that heroism can be a catalyst for social transformation.

As we consider heroes across different times, from ancient mythologies to contemporary real-life figures, it becomes clear that while the manifestations of heroism may change, its core principles remain. A hero in the 21st century may wield a smartphone rather than a sword, fighting misinformation and rallying for climate action, yet their essence is much the same as that of the knights of old. Heroism, then, is not confined to epic battles or legendary feats; it is present in the daily struggles against injustice, in the quiet acts of courage and kindness that shape our world.

Understanding heroism through these lenses—bravery, sacrifice, adversity, and legacy—allows us to appreciate its multifaceted nature and the varied forms it can take. It reminds us that each of us has the potential to be a hero in our own way, whether on a grand scale or in the simple acts of daily life. In exploring the characteristics of heroes, we not only honor those who have embodied these traits throughout history but also inspire future generations to carry the torch of heroism forward.

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Essays About Heroes: 5 Examples And Topic Ideas

Here, we’ll look at examples of essays about heroes and questions that can be used as topics for essays about an imagined or real hero.

A few different images likely come to mind when you hear the word hero. You may imagine Superman flying above the world with his superpower of flight. You may imagine a personal hero, a real person who has made a significant impact on your life for the better. You might think of a true hero as someone who has shown heroic qualities in the public eye, working to help ordinary people through difficult situations.

When writing an essay about your life hero, it’s important to consider the qualities of that person that make them stand out to you. Whether you choose to write an essay about how your mom got you through tough times and became your role model or about a political figure who made a difference in the lives of people in history, it’s key to not just focus on the person’s actions—you’ll also want to focus on the qualities that allowed them to act heroically.

Here, we’ll explore examples of hero essays and potential topics to consider when writing about a hero.

For help with your essays, check out our round-up of the best essay checkers

Examples Of Essays About Heroes

  • 1. These Are The Heroes Of The Coronavirus Pandemic By Ruth Marcus
  • 2. Why Teachers Are My Heroes By Joshua Muskin
  • 3. Martin Luther King Jr.—Civil Rights Activist & Hero By Kathy Weiser-Alexander

4. Steve Prefontaine: The Track Of A Hero By Bill O’Brian

5. forget hamilton, burr is the real hero by carey wallace, topic ideas for essays about heroes, 1. what makes a hero, 2. what are the most important characteristics of heroes in literature, 3. what constitutes a heroic act, 4. is selflessness required for heroism, 1.  these are the heroes of the coronavirus pandemic  by ruth marcus.

Examples of essays about heroes: These Are The Heroes Of The Coronavirus Pandemic By Ruth Marcus

“Is this what they signed up for? There is some danger inherent in the ordinary practice of medicine, but not this much. I confess: I do not know that I would do the same in their circumstances; I am not sure I am so generous or so brave. If my child were graduating from medical school, how would I deal with her being sent, inadequately protected, into an emergency room? If my husband were a physician, would I send him off to the hospital — or let him back into the house in the interim?” Ruth Marcus

Healthcare workers have had no choice but to go above and beyond in recent years. In this essay, Marcus discusses the heroism of those in the healthcare field. He delves into the traits (including selflessness and courage) that make doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers heroes.

2.  Why Teachers Are My Heroes   By Joshua Muskin

“Teachers are my heroes because they accept this responsibility and try extremely hard to do this well even when the conditions in which they work are far from ideal; at least most do. Our jobs as society, education systems, and parents is to do our best to be strong allies to teachers, since their success is essential to ours.” Joshua Muskin

In this essay, Dr. Muskin discusses the many challenges teachers face and what parents, administrators, and education researchers can do to help teachers support students. Muskin explains that most teachers go above and beyond the call of duty to serve their classrooms.

3.  Martin Luther King Jr.—Civil Rights Activist & Hero   By Kathy Weiser-Alexander

“During this nonviolent protest, activists used boycotts, sit-ins, and marches to protest segregation and unfair hiring practices that caught the attention of the entire world. However, his tactics were put to the test when police brutality was used against the marchers, and King was arrested. But, his voice was not silenced, as he wrote his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” to refute his critics.” Kathy Weiser-Alexander

In this essay, Weiser-Alexander details both the traits and the actions of Dr. King before and during the civil rights movement. The author touches on King’s commitment to justice, persistence, and willingness to stand for his beliefs despite difficult circumstances.

“I remember this so vividly because Prefontaine was a hero to me, a hero in a way that no one was before, or really has been since. A British commentator once called him “an athletic Beatle.” If so, his persona was much more Lennon than McCartney. Actually, I thought of him more as Mick Jagger — or ultimately James Dean.” Bill O’Brian

A hero to many in the running world, Prefontaine’s confidence, unique style, and unmatched athletic ability have been heralded for decades. In this essay, O’Brian shares how he, as a distance runner during the era of Pre, related to his struggles and ambition.

“Burr fought against an ugly tide of anti-immigrant sentiment in the young republic, led by Hamilton’s Federalist party, which suggested that anyone without English heritage was a second-class citizen, and even challenged the rights of non-Anglos to hold office. In response, Burr insisted that anyone who contributed to society deserved all the rights of any other citizen, no matter their background.” Carey Wallace

In this essay, Wallace explains why Aaron Burr, the lifelong nemesis of founding father Alexander Hamilton, should be considered a historical hero. This essay exposes someone seen as a villain but much of society with a different take on their history. 

It can be interesting to think about your definition of a hero. When describing what the term hero means to you, you may want to choose a person (or a few people) you look up to as a hero to solidify your point. You might want to include fictional characters (such as those in the Marvel universe) and real-life brave souls, such as police officers and firefighters.

A word of caution: stay away from the cliche opening of describing how the dictionary defines a hero. Instead, lead-in with a personal story about a hero who has affected your life. While talking about a public figure as a hero is acceptable, you may find it easier to write about someone close to you who you feel has displayed heroic qualities. Writing about a family member or friend who has shown up as a heroic main character in your life can be just as exciting as writing about a real or imagined superhero.

From Beowulf to Marvel comics, heroes in literature take on many different traits. When writing an essay on what trait makes a hero come alive in a short story, novel, or comic, choose a few of your favorite heroes and find common themes that they share.

Perhaps your favorite heroes are selfless and are willing to put themselves last in the name of sacrifice for others. Perhaps they’re able to dig deep into the truth, being honest even when it’s hard, for the greater good. There’s no need to list endless heroes to make your point—choosing three or four heroes from literature can be a great way to support your argument about what characteristics define heroism in literature.

When someone is named a hero in real life, we often picture them saving people from a burning building or performing a difficult surgical operation. It can be difficult to pin down exactly what constitutes a heroic act. When writing about what constitutes a heroic act, think about people who go above and beyond, performing feats of courage, honesty, and bravery to support themselves or others. When writing about what constitutes a heroic act, discuss real-life or literary examples of heroes at work.

To many people, being a hero means giving back to others. While giving something away or trading in one’s well-being for others can certainly be seen as a heroic act, many people wonder if selflessness is required for heroism or if a hero can serve the greater good in a way that also supports their happiness. When writing about whether selflessness is required for heroism, choose examples from literature and real-life to support your point.

Tip: If writing an essay sounds like a lot of work, simplify it. Write a simple 5 paragraph essay instead.

If you’re still stuck, check out our available resource of essay writing topics .

heroic traits essay

Amanda has an M.S.Ed degree from the University of Pennsylvania in School and Mental Health Counseling and is a National Academy of Sports Medicine Certified Personal Trainer. She has experience writing magazine articles, newspaper articles, SEO-friendly web copy, and blog posts.

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The Psychology of Heroism

Are Heroes Born or Made?

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

heroic traits essay

Shereen Lehman, MS, is a healthcare journalist and fact checker. She has co-authored two books for the popular Dummies Series (as Shereen Jegtvig).

heroic traits essay

Caven Images / Getty Images

  • Bystander Effect

Heroes touch our hearts, fill us with admiration, and make us reconsider our views of the world . Just look at the plethora of superhero movies that are made and it's easy to see how much our society values and loves heroes. 

But what makes real-life people take heroic actions in the face of great danger? This question is at the heart of hero psychology and requires that we first define what heroism is.

Defining Heroism

In a strict dictionary sense, heroism is defined as taking a courageous action . An example would be running into a burning building to save children inside. Yet, in the field of psychology, the definition of heroism can vary from one psychologist or researcher to the next.

According to one review of the literature, researchers from various departments of psychology indicate that a hero is someone who:

  • Uplifts and enhances other people's lives
  • Models societal morals , values, and virtues
  • Protects others

Others suggest that the definition of heroism is more subjective and "in the eye of the beholder." They contend that how heroism is defined varies based on a person's values, personal preferences, stage of life, and even their level of maturity.

Examples of Heroism

Perhaps the best way to understand heroism is to see it in action. When looking around, we can find many examples of heroism in everyday life.

  • On November 6, 2023, a police officer in the Lincoln, Nebraska area was called a hero for risking his own life to save a kayaker who had flipped over in dangerously cold water and crying for help. Upon hearing her cries, Officer Pierce Krouse removed his gear, swam to the woman, put her on the kayak, and returned them both to shore.
  • In March 2023, 5-year-old Easton Spann was awarded the American Red Cross's Acts of Courage award and declared a hero for taking action when his grandmother was having a seizure. Spann is on the autism spectrum and, with his grandfather's instruction, was able to unlock the home, open the door, and watch for rescuers to arrive.
  • Tescha Hawley was declared one of CNN's 2023 Heroes of the Year for using her own fight with cancer to help others in her Native American community who are battling this disease. Hawley does this through the Day Eagle Hope Project which she founded in 2017. This project not only provides individuals with much-needed support but also offers access to fresh food, help with chemical addiction , and equine therapy as a form of suicide prevention for at-risk youth .

Why do people like those mentioned above become heroes? Are there any characteristics of heroism that these individuals seem to share? These are the types of questions that the psychology of heroism attempts to answer. Here are a few theories related to hero psychology.

"Big H Heroism" vs. "Small h Heroism"

Psychology professor Frank Farley makes a distinction between what he calls "big H heroism" and "small h heroism." Big H heroism involves a potentially big risk such as getting hurt, going to jail, or even death. Small h heroism, on the other hand, involves things many of us do every day: helping someone out, being kind, and standing up for justice. These things don't typically involve personal risk on our part.

Farley suggests that there are two key factors underlying the grand acts of heroism that involve a risk of personal harm: risk-taking behavior and generosity. People who risk their lives in the service of another are naturally more likely to take greater risks and they also possess a great deal of compassion, kindness, empathy, and altruism.

Nature vs. Nurture

One of the biggest questions researchers face comes down to the age-old debate over nature versus nurture . Is heroism something we are born with or is heroism something that can be learned?

Researchers have long theorized that both people and animals are more likely to help those to whom they are genetically related, a concept known as kin selection. By helping those who share our genes, we help ensure the likelihood that those genes will be passed on to future generations.

Others suggest that heroism can be learned. The Heroic Imagination Project operates on this notion, seeking to "create everyday heroes" through strategies that combine psychological research, education, and social activism.

Reciprocal Altruism

Another theory as to why some people commit heroic acts for others is based on the concept of reciprocity . More specifically, it involves reciprocal altruism. According to reciprocal altruism, we help others with the expectation that someday they might help us in return.

Other Influential Factors

What about the kinds of altruism that don't hinge on helping relatives or expecting some type of payback? In such cases, situational, cultural, and personality variables can play pivotal roles.

After people take heroic actions, they often claim that they don't see themselves as heroes. They were simply doing what anyone in that situation would have done.

In a study published in 2016, researchers suggested that those who have a particular mindset that leads them to behave confidently and morally in difficult situations tend to act immediately and unconsciously when an emergency occurs.

What Causes Someone to Not Be Heroic?

The same situational forces that galvanize some individuals to heroic acts can actually impede others from helping. When a crisis arises in the presence of many people, we can fall into a trap of inaction by assuming that someone else will offer assistance, a phenomenon known as the bystander effect .

Because personal responsibility is diffused by the presence of others, we believe that someone else will take on the role of the hero. Some people may also have personality traits that predispose them to not behave in altruistic and heroic ways.

Dictionary.com. Heroism .

Kinsella EL, Ritchie TD, Igou ER. Lay perspectives on the social and psychological functions of heroes . Front Psychol . 2015;6:130. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00130

Allison ST, Goethals GR. Defining heroism: Objectively possible or in the eye of the beholder? University of Richmond School of Arts & Sciences.

Fergeson S. Local hero saves a woman's life . Nebraska TV - ABC

American Red Cross. 2023 Acts of Courage Awards honor local heroes .

Torgan A. This CNN Hero's battle with cancer inspired her lifesaving work helping families in her Native American community . CNN Heroes.

O'Connor MI. Equity360: Gender, race, and ethnicity: Heroes, Rep. John R. Lewis, and orthopaedics . Clin Orthop Relat Res . 2021;479(2):233-235. doi:10.1097/CORR.0000000000001586

Birch J, Okasha S. Kin selection and its critics . Biosci . 2015;65(1):22-32. doi:10.1093/biosci.biu196

Heroic Imagination Project. Our mission .

Feigin S, Owens G, Goodyear-Smith F. Theories of human altruism: a systematic review . Ann Neurosci Psychol . 2014;1(1):5. doi:10.7243/2055-3447-1-5

Keczer Z, File B, Orosz G, Zimbardo PG. Social Representations of Hero and Everyday Hero: A Network Study from Representative Samples . PLoS ONE. 2016;11(8):e0159354. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159354

Liebst LS, Philpot R, Bernasco W, et al. Social relations and presence of others predict bystander intervention: Evidence from violent incidents captured on CCTV . Aggress Behav. 2019;45(6):598-609. doi:10.1002/ab.21853

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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The Psychology of Heroism

Zimbardo explores whether everyday people can be trained to be saviors..

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The Psychology of Heroism

Photo: Ferne Millen Photography

By Diana Aguilera

“W hat makes us good? What makes us evil?” As Stanford psychology professor emeritus Philip Zimbardo reflects on these questions, he observes that they aren’t as different as they might seem. “They’re actually two sides of the same coin.”

Nearly half a century after the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment revealed how people placed in authoritarian roles can act atrociously, Zimbardo has turned his attention to a more heartening aspect of social psychology: heroism. “We know it’s easy to seduce ordinary good people to do bad things,” Zimbardo says. “Is it possible for ordinary people to be inspired and trained to be everyday heroes?”

The inquiry has opened up a new field of research and led him to found a nonprofit, the Heroic Imagination Project, which trains people to cultivate the mindset needed to step up and act on behalf of others despite the risks. In an age of civic discord, the work couldn’t be timelier, says Scott Allison, a psychology professor at the University of Richmond and a board member of the Heroic Imagination Project . “The goal of heroism is to promote socially responsible behavior and actions that serve the greater good.”

An Emerging Science

Zimbardo began delving into the psychology of heroism with Medical College of Wisconsin professor Zeno Franco in a 2006 article for UC-Berkeley’s Greater Good Magazine . Zimbardo and Franco asked readers to consider the banality of evil—the idea that “under certain conditions and social pressures, ordinary people can commit acts that would otherwise be unthinkable”—and then to contemplate the opposite: “Is it also possible that heroic acts are something that anyone can perform, given the right mindset and conditions?” Their case in point: After planes struck the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, four seemingly ordinary men chose not to evacuate but to search the upper floors of the North Tower and, using only crowbars and flashlights, helped 70 people to safety. The men perished when the tower collapsed.

In his 2008 TED Talk , “The Psychology of Evil,” Zimbardo defines heroism as taking a personal risk for the common good while others remain passive. The risks might be substantial: losing money, social status or credibility, or endangering oneself or one’s family members. He suggests there’s power in picturing oneself as a “hero in waiting,” an idea he calls “heroic imagination.” And he discusses the potential value of mentally preparing children to intervene in challenging situations—to stand up to a bully, help a stranger or speak up on behalf of another.

The number of researchers focused on heroism has since “expanded exponentially,” says Franco, who studies the social psychology of heroic action. Still, research in the fledgling field is limited, and social science can’t yet explain why some people act heroically while others stand by. It’s also not yet clear whether heroism training is effective.

One early study of heroism suggests heroes and nonheroes may have essential differences. A 2013 paper published in the Journal of Research in Personality found heroism to be dependent on individual disposition. Psychologists at the University of British Columbia and UC-Riverside compared 25 Canadians who received awards for life-risking bravery with a control group and found that the heroes possessed an expanded worldview, greater positivity and a higher sense of efficacy.

‘It’s taking a little action day by day that makes the world better.’

Meanwhile, initial research on heroism training indicates the field has potential. A 2018 study published in the Journal of Humanistic Psychology surveyed 62 fourth- and fifth-grade students in Michigan who had participated in heroism training created by the Hero Construction Company, a nonprofit that teaches character-building skills to children. The study showed that children’s courage levels increased after the training, suggesting that the trait imperative to heroism can be cultivated.

“As a researcher, I’m forced to say we have some good indicators [for heroism training], but a lot more work needs to be done in this space,” Franco says.

There’s also the question of how to measure heroism experimentally. Heroism is not how people say they will behave in a situation, Allison says. It’s a behavior out in the real world.

“It’s all over the map, and that’s one of heroism’s strengths and one of the science’s weaknesses,” Allison says. “It doesn’t have a disciplinary home, and yet it’s [been] coagulating into some coherent science in the past decade.”

From Research to the Real World 

After Zimbardo’s TED Talk, eBay founder Pierre Omidyar stood up from the crowd and encouraged Zimbardo to explore his notion of heroism training. Later, Omidyar provided initial funding for the Heroic Imagination Project, which Zimbardo conceived as a way to bring the insights of social psychology on heroism to a wider audience. The San Francisco–based organization develops training programs and conducts research.

Its workshops include a segment on developing a growth mindset, a concept coined by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck that refers to the belief that one’s skills and qualities are not inherent but instead can be cultivated through effort and perseverance. Other segments help students overcome the pressure to conform to group norms, learn to identify and counteract bias and discrimination, and develop the resilience needed to combat the bystander effect—the impulse to stand by in emergencies when others are present who might intervene.

The workshops cater to high school and college students, as well as to workplaces. So far, Zimbardo and the project’s trainers have traveled to 12 countries, including Hungary, Poland and England.

“It’s taking a little action day by day that makes the world better,” Zimbardo says, “starting with your family, your school, your community and, ultimately, your nation.”

Diana Aguilera is a staff writer at S tanford .

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  • Heroism: Why Heroes are Important
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Why Heroes are Important

The impact of role models on the ideals to which we aspire.

When I was 16 years old, I read Henry David Thoreau's book Walden for the first time, and it changed my life. I read about living deliberately, about sucking the marrow out of life, about not, when I had come to die, discovering that I had not lived, and I was electrified. Somehow he convinced me that living deliberately meant becoming a philosopher, and I have not looked back since. And I try as often as I can to remind myself of Thoreau's warning to all philosophy professors: "There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not merely to have subtle thoughts, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically." If - horrible thought - I should fail to earn tenure here, I would largely blame that damned quotation. But even if that disaster should strike, I know I would find solace by asking how Henry would respond to such a setback, and I know I would be a better man by following his example. Thoreau is one of my dearest heroes, and I do not know who I would be without him.

The term "hero" comes from the ancient Greeks. For them, a hero was a mortal who had done something so far beyond the normal scope of human experience that he left an immortal memory behind him when he died, and thus received worship like that due the gods. Many of these first heroes were great benefactors of humankind: Hercules, the monster killer; Asclepius, the first doctor; Dionysus, the creator of Greek fraternities. But people who had committed unthinkable crimes were also called heroes; Oedipus and Medea, for example, received divine worship after their deaths as well. Originally, heroes were not necessarily good, but they were always extraordinary; to be a hero was to expand people's sense of what was possible for a human being.

Today, it is much harder to detach the concept of heroism from morality; we only call heroes those whom we admire and wish to emulate. But still the concept retains that original link to possibility. We need heroes first and foremost because our heroes help define the limits of our aspirations. We largely define our ideals by the heroes we choose, and our ideals -- things like courage, honor, and justice -- largely define us. Our heroes are symbols for us of all the qualities we would like to possess and all the ambitions we would like to satisfy. A person who chooses Martin Luther King or Susan B. Anthony as a hero is going to have a very different sense of what human excellence involves than someone who chooses, say, Paris Hilton, or the rapper 50 Cent. And because the ideals to which we aspire do so much to determine the ways in which we behave, we all have a vested interest in each person having heroes, and in the choice of heroes each of us makes.

That is why it is so important for us as a society, globally and locally, to try to shape these choices. Of course, this is a perennial moral issue, but there are warning signs that we need to refocus our attention on the issue now. Consider just a few of these signs:

o A couple years ago the administrators of the Barron Prize for Young Heroes polled American teenagers and found only half could name a personal hero. Superman and Spiderman were named twice as often as Gandhi, Martin Luther King, or Lincoln. It is clear that our media make it all too easy for us to confuse celebrity with excellence; of the students who gave an answer, more than half named an athlete, a movie star, or a musician. One in ten named winners on American Idol as heroes.

o Gangsta rap is a disaster for heroism. Just this week, director Spike Lee lamented the fact that, while his generation grew up idolizing great civil rights leaders, today young people in his community aspire to become pimps and strippers. Surely no one wants their children to get their role models from Gangsta rap and a hyper materialistic, misogynistic hiphop culture, but our communities are finding it difficult to make alternative role models take hold.

o And sometimes, the problem we face is that devotion to heroes is very strong, but directed toward the wrong heroes. In the Muslim world, Osama bin Laden and his like still have a widespread heroic appeal. We can tell how we are doing in the struggle for Muslim hearts and minds by the degree to which this continues to be true.

So what must we do? How should we address the problem? Part of the answer is personal. It never hurts us to remind ourselves who our own heroes are and what they represent for us, and to ask ourselves whether we are doing all we can to live up to these ideals. Not long ago there was a movement afoot to ask always, "What would Jesus do?" I'd like to see people asking questions like that, about Jesus or others, all the time. I confess I get a little thrill every time I see a protest poster asking, "Who would Jesus bomb?" That's heroism doing its work, right there. Moreover, those of us who are teachers - and all of us are teachers of our own children at least - have a special opportunity to introduce heroes to those we teach. And teaching about heroes really isn't hard; heroic lives have their appeal built in, all we need to do is make an effort to tell the stories. I assure you, the reason those students didn't choose Lincoln and King and Gandhi as heroes was not that they had heard their stories and dismissed them. It is our job to tell the stories. Tell your students what a difference people of courage and nobility and genius have made to the world. Just tell the stories! We should recommit to that purpose. Start by going home tonight and listing your five most important heroes.

But part of the answer to our problem is broader. It is clear that the greatest obstacle to the appreciation and adoption of heroes in our society is pervasive and corrosive cynicism and skepticism. It was widely claimed not long ago that 9/11 signalled the end of irony, but it is clear now that the reports of irony's death were greatly exaggerated. This obstacle of cynicism has been seriously increased by scandals like the steroids mess in Major League Baseball, by our leaders' opportunistic use of heroic imagery for short term political gain, and by the Pentagon's stories of glorious soldiers like Jessica Lynch and Pat Tillman that - by no fault of the soldiers involved - turned out to be convenient fabrications.

The best antidote to this cynicism is realism about the limits of human nature. We are cynical because so often our ideals have been betrayed. Washington and Jefferson held slaves, Martin Luther King is accused of philandering and plagiarizing, just about everybody had sex with someone they shouldn't, and so on. We need to separate out the things that make our heroes noteworthy, and forgive the shortcomings that blemish their heroic perfection. My own hero Thoreau had his share of blemishes. For instance, although he was supposed to be living totally independently out by Walden Pond, he went home to Mother on the weekends. But such carping and debunking misses the point. True, the false steps and frailties of heroic people make them more like us, and since most of us are not particularly heroic, that may seem to reduce the heroes' stature. But this dynamic pulls in the other direction as well: these magnificent spirits, these noble souls, amazingly, they are like us, they are human too. And perhaps, then, what was possible for them is possible for us. They stumbled, they wavered, they made fools of themselves - but nonetheless they rose and accomplished deeds of triumphant beauty. Perhaps we might do so too. Cynicism is too often merely an excuse for sparing ourselves the effort.

Again, the critical moral contribution of heroes is the expansion of our sense of possibility. If we most of us, as Thoreau said, live lives of quiet desperation, it is because our horizons of possibility are too cramped. Heroes can help us lift our eyes a little higher. Immanuel Kant said that "from the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made." That may well be true. But some have used that warped, knotted timber to build more boldly and beautifully than others, and we may all benefit by their examples. Heaven knows we need those examples now.

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9 Compelling Characteristics Of A Hero

Anyone who does anything remotely positive seems to get labeled a hero in the media lately.

They are undoubtedly great people, but the word hero has long been reserved for someone who does something extraordinary.

The qualities of a hero must arouse admiration or even awe.

The word hero derives from the ancient Greek word heros , which held a meaning related to protecting people.

These ancient roots still matter today, although the definition of a hero has evolved in modern times.

What is a True Hero?

1. idealistic, 2. courageous, 3. great capacity for empathy, 4. humility, 5. conviction, 7. strength, 8. nurturing, 9. resilience, examples of a true hero, the psychology of heroism, respect and compassion for strangers, vigilance and fortitude, honesty and confidence, communalism, final thoughts.

A hero's actions must, by definition, go beyond what most people would do.

Ancient literature called people with supernatural abilities heroes because they were born of a god and a human.

Heroes had great strength, like Hercules, or protection from wounds, like Achilles. 

Scholars note that these ancient heroic stories featured men who wanted glory.

People or societies might have sometimes benefited from their heroic deeds, but that was not what motivated ancient heroes.

The modern traits of a hero differ on two points. The modern hero is purely mortal without any notion of divine parentage.

Also, the modern hero must act for the purpose of helping others.

9 Characteristics of a Hero

You won't find just one answer to the question, “What makes someone a hero?”

Psychologists have begun to study the traits that make a hero. A 2009 study initially published in Psychological Reports found that people who exhibited heroic qualities had high confidence in their abilities. 

They were generally competent people who believed themselves capable of succeeding even when the odds were against them. You don't have to spend much time looking at heroes to see that they are complex people. 

They share some or all of the following traits frequently used to describe a hero.

Heroes draw strength from believing that their ideals have merit. They see their ideals as a force for good in the world. They will stand up for their ideals in the face of criticism, personal loss, and even physical danger. 

Idealism generally goes hand in hand with possessing a strong moral code. A deep sense of morality may drive a hero to take action because not taking action would be immoral.

Of course, you expect a hero to be courageous. Courage is one of the top qualities of a hero that people recognize. This characteristic does not merely mean being fearless. 

It more accurately means acting fearless even when being afraid. A courageous person sees that a situation is dangerous or impossible but chooses to overcome fear and try anyway.

Consider the historical example of Harriet Tubman, who made 20 expeditions into the slave-holding Southern United States to smuggle slaves to free areas. Federal law at the time authorized harsh penalties for people aiding escaped slaves. She even had a bounty on her head of $40,000. 

She must have indeed feared capture but pursued her goal of freeing slaves anyway. Her idealism that human bondage was immoral motivated her as well.

The qualities of a hero include caring about other people . They feel the distress of others and want to help them. This capacity is called empathy. It goes beyond sympathy, which is understanding how others might feel. When you're empathetic, you directly experience the emotions of those in trouble.

Dr. Georges Bwelle of Cameroon told CNN that he wanted to reduce people's pain and make them laugh when asked why he provided free medical care in his native country. Dr. Bwelle is an example of an empathetic person who's unwilling to stand by when others suffer.

When you read heartwarming interviews with real-life heroes, they almost always tell the media that being a hero never crossed their minds. They say something along the lines of “I just did what needed to be done.” This is humility. They do not seek glory or awards, or any compensation.

Even the humble, however, can show great courage. In 2013, 69-year-old William Ayotte of Manitoba, Canada, attacked a polar bear with a shovel because it mauled a woman outside his home. 

He bashed the 275-pound animal in the eye with the shovel. The bear dropped the woman and then attacked him. His fast decision to attack saved the woman from certain death. Another neighbor managed to scare the bear away. Ayotte later said that he doesn’t see himself as a hero.

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Sometimes heroes are convinced that they have something important to contribute to the betterment of humanity. An unmovable sense of conviction can give someone the strength to do something extraordinary.

A scientist experimenting on himself may not be your first thought when asked to describe a hero. However, the results of such a dangerous act ultimately benefited humanity in the case of Dr. Barry Marshall of Australia. During his research with pathologist Dr. Robin Warren, Marshall learned that a bacterial infection caused stomach ulcers and not simply stress as the medical community believed.

He tried to tell the medical community that antibiotics could cure ulcers, which are painful and sometimes fatal. His experiments on mice, however, did not produce clear evidence. When no one would believe him, he chose to drink a bacterial liquid and give himself a stomach ulcer, which he cured with antibiotics. 

His conviction gave him the courage to endanger himself. His decision subsequently revolutionized ulcer treatment and saved people from misery and death .

Heroes see situations for what they are. They do not lie to themselves or others about what is going on. They do not shrug off slavery because it is legal. They do not accept that women should not vote because that's what society believes. 

When William Ayotte saw the polar bear attacking a woman, he told himself, “If I don't do anything, she's not going to make it.” In it's simplest form, heroism comes down to making the choice to deal with reality.

People sometimes choose to act heroically when they realize they have the physical strength to do good. Pulling someone from floodwaters takes physical strength. Not everyone can do it, and not everyone who can do it does do it, but a hero will.

Of course, strength is not just about muscles. All heroes require emotional strength . A man who pulls people from a burning car needs the mental strength to place himself in harm's way. Many heroes face great adversity for many years as they pursue their prosocial goals.

To nurture means that you put effort into helping someone else live and thrive. A hero wants to make it possible for other people to succeed. 

Nurturing life extends to the natural world as well. Environmental hero, Marilyn Baptiste of Canada, rallied her indigenous community three times to defeat a mining company that would have destroyed a lake that supported her people's livelihood. 

Environmental campaigners worldwide often face harassment and murder for their efforts to preserve natural resources that sustain communities. Cattle ranchers killed Chico Mendes of Brazil, who fought to save the rain forest. He died a hero.

Activists, doctors, and scientists who devote their lives to just causes must possess resilience . This is one of the most important traits of a hero, especially for those whose heroism consumes their lives. They must recover from defeats and keep going. 

Marilyn Baptiste surely knew many setbacks and betrayals while fighting a proposed mine three times, but she always returned to fight the good fight.

infographic characteristics of a hero

It may happen in a moment of crisis, such as when Lenny Skutnik famously jumped into the icy waters of the Potomac River in Washington D.C. and saved a woman. She had been about to drown after escaping an airplane that had crashed into a bridge. 

The strong desire to save a life motivated the hero to swim out to her. Not everyone on the shore jumped in the water, but he did.

Another type of modern hero accepts ongoing sacrifice and risk in the pursuit of a positive goal. The famous suffragette Alice Paul endured physical attacks and harassment while picketing the White House alongside her allies. 

She went to prison for protesting the government. In prison, she organized a hunger strike to continue to promote voting rights for women despite losing her freedom and suffering abuse.

Modern examples like these illustrate that a hero:

  • Rises to the occasion
  • Disregards personal safety
  • Wants to benefit others
  • Does not accept being helpless

What types of people grow up to be heroes?

Courage, resilience, and compassion are common traits among valiant actors. Heroes also exhibit a heightened degree of empathy, which makes sense, as they're highly attuned and motivated by others' needs, often prioritizing them over their own well-being. 

But personal attributes aren't the only contributing factor when defining heroism. Situational, social, and cultural factors also play a role, and they're not always purely altruistic. 

For example, some would-be heroes may be motivated to go above and beyond when people are watching due to the increased possibility of widespread admiration and praise. 

Urgency and association also have a significant impact. For instance, someone who loves their pets like children may find the courage to run into a burning building to save them. 

Several studies suggest that individuals who perform incredible feats in service of others slip into a “flow state,” meaning their body and mind are in perfect communion, resulting in intense focus and enhanced ability. 

All that said, heroism is a bit of a psychological anomaly and presents on a spectrum — like many personality categories. 

Dr. Frank Farley explains the phenomenon by distinguishing between small-h and big-H heroism. Here's how he defines the two.

  • Big-H Heroism : Farley associates big-H heroism with substantial risk, including imprisonment, injury, or even death. In some cases, their valor is monumental enough to change the course of history. People like Rosa Parks, the unknown Tiananmen Square protestor, and Witold Pilecki fall into this category.
  • Small-h Heroism : Farley uses Fred Rogers, from Mister Rogers's Neighborhood, as an exemplar of “everyday heroism.” These folks deeply believe in “helping others, doing good deeds, showing kindness, etc., where serious harm or major consequences are not usually a result.”

How You Can Develop Hero Traits 

Is heroism something you're born with, or can it be developed? In his article, “ What Makes a Hero ,” Philip Zimbardo argues for the latter and advocates teaching “heroic imagination.” But how? 

Research shows that fostering certain behaviors and traits may strengthen “heroic instincts.” Let's look at what those are.

Individuals who are more open to and respectful of strangers tend to be more heroic. Why? Because they're less likely to be hamstrung by a subconscious indifference to people different from themselves. 

Parents should, of course, teach their kids about “stranger danger.” However, developing a reverence for all living things can increase one's capacity for heroism.

There's a mental fitness element to heroism. 

Specifically, most are hyper-aware of their surroundings, allowing them to act quickly and appropriately. Sometimes it's instinctual; other times, it's studied. 

Heroes also need emotional fortitude to forge through harrowing situations and circumstances.

Though some acts of heroism are semi-rooted in the potential for personal adulation, most people who demonstrate impressive bravery are unfailingly honest. 

This may be a symptom of true confidence, as people with it have usually dissected themselves, tackled their shadow selves, and developed a healthy sense of humility. When folks have done “the work,” they're refreshingly honest with themselves and others. Plus, they're typically more motivated to lend helping hands because they understand the universality of pain and struggle.

Heroes value “we” over “me.” So if you want to enhance your “hero quotient,” learning to love the beauty of community — both micro and macro — is vital. People who believe “it takes a village” are usually more willing to stick their necks out for fellow humans.

Heroes show us how to take care of each other, whether through a one-time act of bravery or a lifetime of fighting for the greater good.

When life tests you, the good examples set by heroes set the standard for how to respond.

Heroes also inspire people to lead productive lives helping those around them. Their successes give more people the courage to do what needs to be done.

Even in failure, heroes can show people that the struggle was worth the sacrifice. No one looks up to people who never tried to make things better. No one will even remember them.

Although the modern hero embraces humility, the ancient notion of glory remains intact. The glory comes from leading others to the high road even when the journey is difficult. 

  • Literature Notes
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  • Poem Summary
  • About the Iliad
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  • Summary and Analysis
  • Books XII-XV
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Critical Essays The Hero and Homeric Culture

The notion of personal honor is prevalent throughout the Iliad . The honor of every person in Homeric culture was important, but to the hero, his honor was paramount. He could not endure insults, and he felt that he had to protect his reputation — even unto death. The hero's duty was to fight, and the only way he had of gaining glory and immortality was through heroic action on the battlefield; thus, he continually prepared his life for the life-and-death risks of battle. The Homeric hero believed that men had to stand together in battle; men had to respect each other; and they had to refrain from excessive cruelty. This last condition was critically important for the Homeric hero. He loathed deliberate acts of cruelty and injustice. If he were ready to kill a victim, he believed that he should do it quickly; he was not to mutilate him, as Achilles does with Hektor's body. By following this code, a hero gained a sense of dignity and a reputation for honor that would ensure his place in the social memory of his community.

The Homeric hero lived by strict social and cultural norms that would guide his life at home and on the battlefield. His position as a hero depended upon understanding his place in society and performing in accordance with society's expectations. He accepted the pattern of a hero, which included a hero's suffering and a hero's death. When the hero expressed himself in words, he believed that his thoughts were derived from either society or a god. Nothing came from within. (In his soliloquies, the hero speaks to "his own great-hearted spirit" as though it were another person helping him make the right decisions.)

Communal honor was vital to the Homeric hero's status; his whole world revolved around his relationship with his family and city. If he lost the personal honor or glory that was accorded him by his community, he felt that life had lost its meaning. Achilles, for example, feels that he has lost his honor when Agamemnon takes Briseis from him. He feels a sense of rejection, and even Agamemnon's later offer of gifts in order to bring Achilles back to the fighting is futile because Achilles realizes that he will lose even more honor if he accepts Agamemnon's gifts.

The hero's social responsibility was essential to maintain his status, but the only way to establish his status was through his performance as a hero in combat on the battlefield. Furthermore, he had to show respect for and respond to social situations and mores; he had to respect his superiors and show loyalty to his friends, and he could in no way disgrace himself, his family, or his community. However, it was no disgrace to withdraw from an impossible situation because it was all a warrior could do at times. Patroklos, however, forgets this principle, as well as Achilles' warning not to drive the Trojans back to their city. Patroklos fails because he becomes irrational and allows pride to overcome his reason.

The Homeric community depended upon their heroes to defend its social and religious rites and all other facets of community life. Being a hero was a social responsibility that entitled a man to social status, and a warrior defined and justified his social status only on the battlefield.

The hero in Homeric culture recognized the rightness of his community's anger. For example, when Agamemnon strips Achilles of his war prize, Agamemnon places the responsibility for his actions on Zeus and Destiny. He says, "It is the god who accomplishes all things" and he claims that "Delusion" entangled him. Similarly, when Achilles ponders whether or not to draw his sword against Agamemnon, Athena grabs him by the hair and warns him against fighting with Agamemnon. Clearly, Achilles does not assume responsibility either for his anger or for his not killing Agamemnon. In fact, neither Achilles nor Agamemnon recognizes a personal responsibility for their emotional and physical responses, even though both men are on the edge of violence. To the Homeric hero, an outside force initiates action and thought — hence, personal responsibility is not an issue for a hero's decision to follow the dictates of an outside force.

A hero always had two choices: He could follow an external force, or he could make his own personal decisions. This idea derives from the concept that a man became a hero because he possessed certain qualities. Among those qualities is heroic balance, which requires a hero to insist upon his greatness and maintain a proper modesty before the gods. He had to know himself and be able to evaluate and act upon a situation. He also had to recognize the time when the gods withdrew their help, and at that time the hero had to withdraw from battle. If he failed to recognize how much his action was ruled by the gods, he lost his heroic balance and made a tragic error. If he failed to follow the gods and made his own decisions, he had to live with the shame of his mistake, and when he erred, he lost approval and honor.

The hero's fear of disgrace ( aidos ) governed his response to all social situations and to the judgements of others. If he acted incorrectly, society would scorn him. Yet despite the threat of others' judgements, note the actions of both Agamemnon and Achilles during the quarrel in Book I. Both men are at fault. Agamemnon breaks the bond of hero and community by insulting Achilles and claiming Briseis in lieu of Chryseis. Likewise, Achilles' threat to kill Agamemnon is a social act which, if carried out, would not only show disrespect for his superiors, but would force his Achaian community of soldiers to leave Troy. The disorder that is created by this crisis demands a restoration of order.

Heroes were constantly in fear of disgrace; they feared the judgement of their community. The hero did not distinguish between personal morals and conformity to the morals of the greater society; he concerned himself wholly with acceptance by the people, for if he failed to conform in any way, he risked the anger of his community and, consequently, shame.

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I Thought the Bragg Case Against Trump Was a Legal Embarrassment. Now I Think It’s a Historic Mistake.

A black-and-white photo with a camera in the foreground and mid-ground and a building in the background.

By Jed Handelsman Shugerman

Mr. Shugerman is a law professor at Boston University.

About a year ago, when Alvin Bragg, the Manhattan district attorney, indicted former President Donald Trump, I was critical of the case and called it an embarrassment. I thought an array of legal problems would and should lead to long delays in federal courts.

After listening to Monday’s opening statement by prosecutors, I still think the Manhattan D.A. has made a historic mistake. Their vague allegation about “a criminal scheme to corrupt the 2016 presidential election” has me more concerned than ever about their unprecedented use of state law and their persistent avoidance of specifying an election crime or a valid theory of fraud.

To recap: Mr. Trump is accused in the case of falsifying business records. Those are misdemeanor charges. To elevate it to a criminal case, Mr. Bragg and his team have pointed to potential violations of federal election law and state tax fraud. They also cite state election law, but state statutory definitions of “public office” seem to limit those statutes to state and local races.

Both the misdemeanor and felony charges require that the defendant made the false record with “intent to defraud.” A year ago, I wondered how entirely internal business records (the daily ledger, pay stubs and invoices) could be the basis of any fraud if they are not shared with anyone outside the business. I suggested that the real fraud was Mr. Trump’s filing an (allegedly) false report to the Federal Election Commission, and only federal prosecutors had jurisdiction over that filing.

A recent conversation with Jeffrey Cohen, a friend, Boston College law professor and former prosecutor, made me think that the case could turn out to be more legitimate than I had originally thought. The reason has to do with those allegedly falsified business records: Most of them were entered in early 2017, generally before Mr. Trump filed his Federal Election Commission report that summer. Mr. Trump may have foreseen an investigation into his campaign, leading to its financial records. Mr. Trump may have falsely recorded these internal records before the F.E.C. filing as consciously part of the same fraud: to create a consistent paper trail and to hide intent to violate federal election laws, or defraud the F.E.C.

In short: It’s not the crime; it’s the cover-up.

Looking at the case in this way might address concerns about state jurisdiction. In this scenario, Mr. Trump arguably intended to deceive state investigators, too. State investigators could find these inconsistencies and alert federal agencies. Prosecutors could argue that New York State agencies have an interest in detecting conspiracies to defraud federal entities; they might also have a plausible answer to significant questions about whether New York State has jurisdiction or whether this stretch of a state business filing law is pre-empted by federal law.

However, this explanation is a novel interpretation with many significant legal problems. And none of the Manhattan D.A.’s filings or today’s opening statement even hint at this approach.

Instead of a theory of defrauding state regulators, Mr. Bragg has adopted a weak theory of “election interference,” and Justice Juan Merchan described the case , in his summary of it during jury selection, as an allegation of falsifying business records “to conceal an agreement with others to unlawfully influence the 2016 election.”

As a reality check, it is legal for a candidate to pay for a nondisclosure agreement. Hush money is unseemly, but it is legal. The election law scholar Richard Hasen rightly observed , “Calling it election interference actually cheapens the term and undermines the deadly serious charges in the real election interference cases.”

In Monday’s opening argument, the prosecutor Matthew Colangelo still evaded specifics about what was illegal about influencing an election, but then he claimed , “It was election fraud, pure and simple.” None of the relevant state or federal statutes refer to filing violations as fraud. Calling it “election fraud” is a legal and strategic mistake, exaggerating the case and setting up the jury with high expectations that the prosecutors cannot meet.

The most accurate description of this criminal case is a federal campaign finance filing violation. Without a federal violation (which the state election statute is tethered to), Mr. Bragg cannot upgrade the misdemeanor counts into felonies. Moreover, it is unclear how this case would even fulfill the misdemeanor requirement of “intent to defraud” without the federal crime.

In stretching jurisdiction and trying a federal crime in state court, the Manhattan D.A. is now pushing untested legal interpretations and applications. I see three red flags raising concerns about selective prosecution upon appeal.

First, I could find no previous case of any state prosecutor relying on the Federal Election Campaign Act either as a direct crime or a predicate crime. Whether state prosecutors have avoided doing so as a matter of law, norms or lack of expertise, this novel attempt is a sign of overreach.

Second, Mr. Trump’s lawyers argued that the New York statute requires that the predicate (underlying) crime must also be a New York crime, not a crime in another jurisdiction. The Manhattan D.A. responded with judicial precedents only about other criminal statutes, not the statute in this case. In the end, they could not cite a single judicial interpretation of this particular statute supporting their use of the statute (a plea deal and a single jury instruction do not count).

Third, no New York precedent has allowed an interpretation of defrauding the general public. Legal experts have noted that such a broad “election interference” theory is unprecedented, and a conviction based on it may not survive a state appeal.

Mr. Trump’s legal team also undercut itself for its decisions in the past year: His lawyers essentially put all of their eggs in the meritless basket of seeking to move the trial to federal court, instead of seeking a federal injunction to stop the trial entirely. If they had raised the issues of selective or vindictive prosecution and a mix of jurisdictional, pre-emption and constitutional claims, they could have delayed the trial past Election Day, even if they lost at each federal stage.

Another reason a federal crime has wound up in state court is that President Biden’s Justice Department bent over backward not to reopen this valid case or appoint a special counsel. Mr. Trump has tried to blame Mr. Biden for this prosecution as the real “election interference.” The Biden administration’s extra restraint belies this allegation and deserves more credit.

Eight years after the alleged crime itself, it is reasonable to ask if this is more about Manhattan politics than New York law. This case should serve as a cautionary tale about broader prosecutorial abuses in America — and promote bipartisan reforms of our partisan prosecutorial system.

Nevertheless, prosecutors should have some latitude to develop their case during trial, and maybe they will be more careful and precise about the underlying crime, fraud and the jurisdictional questions. Mr. Trump has received sufficient notice of the charges, and he can raise his arguments on appeal. One important principle of “ our Federalism ,” in the Supreme Court’s terms, is abstention , that federal courts should generally allow state trials to proceed first and wait to hear challenges later.

This case is still an embarrassment of prosecutorial ethics and apparent selective prosecution. Nevertheless, each side should have its day in court. If convicted, Mr. Trump can fight many other days — and perhaps win — in appellate courts. But if Monday’s opening is a preview of exaggerated allegations, imprecise legal theories and persistently unaddressed problems, the prosecutors might not win a conviction at all.

Jed Handelsman Shugerman (@jedshug) is a law professor at Boston University.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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    Heroes surround us. One in five—20 percent—qualify as heroes, based on the definition of heroism I provide above. Seventy-two percent report helping another person in a dangerous emergency. Sixteen percent report whistle blowing on an injustice. Six percent report sacrificing for a non-relative or stranger.

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    Moral integrity. Protective. Self-sacrifice. Selflessness. Strength. The psychology of heroism might not be well understood, but many experts do believe that it is possible for people to learn to be heroes. The following are just a few of the major characteristics that researchers have ascribed to heroes.

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    What are some heroic traits that are valued in society? Society values heroic traits such as courage, selflessness, and a willingness to help others. These traits are seen as admirable and worthy of respect. Other traits that are valued in heroes include perseverance, determination, and a strong sense of purpose.

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    This essay about the qualities of a hero explores the key characteristics that define heroic individuals. It emphasizes courage, not just as bravery in the face of danger, but as the determination to act despite fear. Altruism is highlighted as the selfless concern for the welfare of others, demonstrated by those who prioritize communal needs.

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    While the characteristics of heroes might vary depending on the time and place, some core qualities seem universally recognized. ... This essay about the enduring characteristics of heroes examines the universal traits that define heroism across various eras and cultures. It highlights bravery, not just in the physical sense but also as moral ...

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    In conclusion, to be a hero you don't need powers. To be a hero you need at least three traits, bravery, integrity, and the capacity to care for others. It's very important to have those three base traits. You can not be a hero without them. Super powers and a lot of money are not needed to be a hero. This essay was reviewed by.

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    2. What Are The Most Important Characteristics Of Heroes In Literature? From Beowulf to Marvel comics, heroes in literature take on many different traits. When writing an essay on what trait makes a hero come alive in a short story, novel, or comic, choose a few of your favorite heroes and find common themes that they share.

  8. The Psychology Behind Heroism

    According to one review of the literature, researchers from various departments of psychology indicate that a hero is someone who: Uplifts and enhances other people's lives. Models societal morals, values, and virtues. Protects others. Others suggest that the definition of heroism is more subjective and "in the eye of the beholder."

  9. What Makes a Hero: Characteristics, Examples, and Impact

    What Makes a Hero: Characteristics, Examples, and Impact. (2023, September 07). GradesFixer. ... Deconstructing Campbell's Definition of a Hero Essay. Heroes have existed in human imagination since the beginning of history. They are immortalized in myths, legends, and literature, transcending time and space to inspire and guide us. ...

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    In his 2008 TED Talk, "The Psychology of Evil," Zimbardo defines heroism as taking a personal risk for the common good while others remain passive. The risks might be substantial: losing money, social status or credibility, or endangering oneself or one's family members. He suggests there's power in picturing oneself as a "hero in ...

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    Idealism generally goes hand in hand with possessing a strong moral code. A deep sense of morality may drive a hero to take action because not taking action would be immoral. 2. Courageous. Of course, you expect a hero to be courageous. Courage is one of the top qualities of a hero that people recognize.

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    A hero is someone who selflessly puts the needs of others before their own, often sacrificing their own well-being for the greater good. Their actions are driven by a deep sense of empathy, compassion, and a genuine desire to alleviate the suffering of others. One defining characteristic of a hero is their unwavering courage.

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    Definition of Heroism Essay Sample. Recently, the word "heroism" has become increasingly used. In the traditional sense, heroism is the highest manifestation of devotion and courage in public duty performance. A hero is a person who, for his achievements or qualities, is seen as an ideal, an example to follow.

  17. The Hero and Homeric Culture

    A hero always had two choices: He could follow an external force, or he could make his own personal decisions. This idea derives from the concept that a man became a hero because he possessed certain qualities. Among those qualities is heroic balance, which requires a hero to insist upon his greatness and maintain a proper modesty before the gods.

  18. Beowulf: Central Idea Essay: Honor Codes & Heroism

    Central Idea Essay: Honor Codes & Heroism. Beowulf is set in Scandinavia, sometime in the fifth or sixth century A.D. The ethical code of ancient Scandinavian society valued strong warrior-kings who could protect their people from outside threats (primarily, other warrior-kings and their armies). Under this code, warriors were expected to ...

  19. Odysseus Character Analysis in The Odyssey

    Odysseus has the defining character traits of a Homeric leader: strength, courage, nobility, a thirst for glory, and confidence in his authority. His most distinguishing trait, however, is his sharp intellect. Odysseus's quick thinking helps him out of some very tough situations, as when he escapes from the cave of the Cyclops in Book 9, or ...

  20. Beowulfs Traits Of An Epic Hero: [Essay Example], 797 words

    Beowulfs Traits of an Epic Hero. With his larger-than-life strength, unwavering courage, and noble deeds, Beowulf stands as a quintessential example of an epic hero in literature. The epic poem Beowulf, written by an unknown author between the 8th and 11th centuries, portrays the legendary hero's exploits as he battles monsters and defends his ...

  21. Epic Hero in Literature

    Learn the epic hero definition, explore characteristics, and view an epic heroes list. Discover the difference between an epic hero and a hero with examples. Updated: 11/21/2023

  22. Beowulf: The Heroic Traits and Deeds Free Essay Example

    The Classic Hero. The epic poem Beowulf, written by an unknown author and translated by Seamus Heaney ensues of a valiant hero named Beowulf and his heroic deeds during the Anglo-Saxon era. Beowulf is a culmination of Christian traditions with a folk story that extols virtues of faith, courage and loyalty in the face of extreme dangers and even ...

  23. Beowulf as a Hero

    The Epic Hero, a form of hero featured in epics and heroic poetry, embodies specific qualities that make the hero a larger-than-life character. The scope of the epic poem tradition spans many ...

  24. Opinion

    Mr. Shugerman is a law professor at Boston University. About a year ago, when Alvin Bragg, the Manhattan district attorney, indicted former President Donald Trump, I was critical of the case and ...