history essay grade 11 term 4

History Grade 11 2020 Past Papers and Memos pdf downloads

History Grade 11 2020 Past Papers and Memos pdf downloads:

Table of Contents

List of History Grade 11 2020 Past Papers and Memos pdf downloads

Hello Grade 11 Learners. Modern Classroom has everything for you needed to pass your exams, tests, assessments, research tasks and assignments under CAPS Curriculum . Feel free to explore all resources for grade 11, such as Study Guides, DBE Past Exam Papers with Memos , and Speech Topics. That’s if you want to know how to pass grade 11 with distinctions in South Africa Modern Classroom

Why passing Grade 11 is very important

Grade 11 ultimately prepares you for Grade 12. You regard Grade 11 as your last trial run for your Matric year because most of the work covered in the syllabus will prepare you for Matric anyway. Passing your Grade 11 very well, is usually a sign that you may pass very well in Matric.

What can you do with your Grade 11 marks in South Africa?

• You can apply at a South African University using your Grade 11 marks
• You can already apply for university bursaries using your Grade 11 marks

Other Grade 11 Subjects

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• Setswana Home Language Grade 11  
• Seswati Home Language Grade 11  
• Afrikaans Home Language Grade 11  
• English Home Language Grade 11  
• Xitsonga Home Language Grade 11  
• Tourism and Hospitality Studies Grade 11  
• Computer Applications Technology Grade 11  
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• Dramatic Arts Grade 11  
• Music Visual Arts Grade 11  
• Geography Grade 11  

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• Business Studies Grade 11 past exam papers and memos 2020

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History Grade 11 Controlled Tests & Exam Question Papers, Notes, and Study Guides: 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020

History Grade 11 Revision Notes and Past Controlled Tests & Exam Question Papers (2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and. 2019, Practical Assessment Tasks (PATs), Examination Scope for Learners, Marking Guidelines for Teachers, Exemplars and Preparatory Exam papers, Preliminary (Prelim) papers for different years, Youtube lessons for the specific lessons, Notes and more. The content on this page is for all CAPS Terms Curriculum: Term 1 ( February – March), Term 2 (May – June), Term 3 (September), and Term 4 (November). At My Courses, we try our best to gather all exams (questions and answers), assignments, activities, essays and topics, study guides, annual teaching plans (atps), research projects, sba, test papers from all provinces in pdf downloadable format: Western Cape (WC), Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), Gauteng (GP), Eastern Cape (EC), Mpumalanga (MP), North West (NW) Limpopo (LP), and Free State (FS).

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Latest grade 11 history questions and answers pdf

History Grade 11 November 2022 Exam Question Papers and Memos History Grade 11 Exams past papers and memos Term 4 November 2020 History Grade 11 Paper 1 Term 4 November 2019 Exam Question Paper and Memorandum History Grade 11 Paper 2 Term 4 November 2019 Exam Question Paper and Memorandum Grade 11 History Essays Topics for Term 3

The Social and Economic Impact and Changes Brought about by the Natives Land Act of 1913

Let’s critically discuss the social and economic impact and changes brought about by the natives land act of 1913. This content is ideal for “The native land act 1913 essay grade 10.” The Natives Land Act of 1913: Unraveling its Social and Economic Impact and Lasting Changes The Natives Land Act of 1913 was a … Read more

Questions and Answers based on Bantu Education Act for Revision

Questions and Answers based on Bantu Education Act for Revision: Understanding the Bantu Education Act, 1953, is critical for South African history, as it was a significant part of the apartheid-era policies. Here are some key points to consider: Purpose of the Act: The Act was designed to control the education of Black South Africans … Read more

The rise of Afrikaner and African Nationalism Essay Grade 11 Guide

On this page you will read about “The rise of Afrikaner and African Nationalism”, which will significantly assist you as a guide when you prepare for your Grade 11 History. On this page, most of the key events and crucial points are presented. Also read: The social and economic impact brought about by the natives … Read more

Which sea did traders from Timbuktu cross to reach Europe

Do you know which sea did traders from Timbuktu cross to reach Europe? Timbuktu was a major city in West Africa. It lay across the trans-Saharan trade routes between the salt mines in the north and the gold mines in the south of the Sahara. Which sea did traders from Timbuktu cross to reach Europe? … Read more

History Grade 11 Paper 1 Term 4 November 2019 Exam Question Paper and Memorandum

Download History Grade 11 Paper 1 Term 4 November 2019 Exam Question Paper and Memorandum for your exam and tests revisions. The papers are for CAPS curriculum and are supplied by the Department of Education of South Africa. Grade 11 November Exams are the final exams of the year, where the learners who pass move … Read more

Stalin Five Year Plan Essay Grade 11 History Memorandum (Questions and Answers)

An answer guide for Stalin Five Year Plan Essay History Grade 11 with memorandum on pdf: The Five Year Plan was a set of economic goals that were developed in the Soviet Union under the leadership of Joseph Stalin. The plan was launched in 1928, and it aimed to transform the Soviet Union from an … Read more

What is Meant by Civil Society Protest: South African Examples

What is Meant by Civil Society Protest: South African Examples: Civil society protest is an essential component of a thriving democracy. It reflects the ability of citizens to mobilize and engage in collective action against unjust policies, social issues, or political decisions. In South Africa, civil society protest has played a critical role in shaping … Read more

History Grade 11 Paper 2 Term 4 November 2019 Exam Question Paper and Memorandum

Download History Grade 11 Paper 2 Term 4 November 2019 Exam Question Paper and Memorandum for your exam and tests revisions. The papers are for CAPS curriculum and are supplied by the Department of Education of South Africa. Grade 11 November Exams are the final exams of the year, where the learners who pass move … Read more

History Grade 11 ATP 2024 PDF Download

This page contains History Grade 11 Annual Teaching Plan (ATP) and Teacher’s Guide for 2024. Annual Teaching Plan (ATP) History Grade 11 2024 The Annual Teaching Plan is for History Grade 11 and contains a full-year annual teaching plan for Term 1, Term 2, Term 3, and Term 4. Term 1 ATP For the January … Read more

How South African lived Before 1913

How South African lived before 1913: Before the 1913 Natives Land Act, which formalized racial segregation and laid the groundwork for apartheid, South Africa was a vastly different place. While the country still faced challenges and divisions, it is essential to understand its rich history and the lives of its diverse inhabitants during this time. … Read more

Most of the exam papers are available in English and Afrikaans

Summaries for Gr 11 History

No June Exams was written due to covid

“You need [webcam] setup. You could point the webcam away from you but still see the screen. That is what I would change for the next session.”

Clarity of instruction

Instructors commented on the need for clear and concise teaching instructions when leading the break-out group practicals; they could not rely on tactile feedback and non-verbal communication, which would have occurred during a face-to-face session.

“I felt that I had to make sure that my instructions were a lot clearer because there wasn’t the ability to use tactile cues to assist the students.”

Two instructors suggested capping the instructor-to-student ratio (to four students) in each breakout room and to reconvene with the same instructor for each practice to build relationships with students and gain a better understanding of their learning needs in order to better support them. Instructors also reported a relationship between student motivation and student acquisition of skills.

“If you have the same group you build up a bit more rapport and [students] get to know you.”

“[Acquisition of skills] depended on how motivated each candidate was. Some were very motivated and got on with the activity and acquired the skills but some were maybe not motivated enough or maybe feeling frustrated that they were not getting it, and it was difficult for me to motivate them virtually.”

Accessibility and individualized learning

Students were able to attend and engage in the session remotely, even those who were not based in the UK. An important feature of online learning is that the view of the demonstration is the same for all students, which is not always possible in face-to-face teaching.

“Because we created videos for them to watch, and as they can ‘pin’ my video when I’m doing live demonstrations, the view is much more equitable for everyone.”

“It meant that fewer students were left out…we were able to have a global reach with many of the [students] taking the module outside of the UK.”

“[Students] were provided with equipment and resources to keep at home and so they have the opportunity for more hours of practice.”

Individualized learning describes an instructor’s ability to respond to an individual student’s learning needs. This was achieved with the use of the ‘pin video’ function on Zoom® to enlarge the view, and observe and instruct students one at a time. A student’s individual concerns and identified learning needs were more easily addressed in small group breakout practical sessions.

“Having breakout room facility [was comparable to face-to-face instruction] to help students on a more individual basis, and to help them acquire the skills.”

The UCL Ophthalmology Masters curriculum was transferred to predominantly online teaching in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Lecture-based teaching was easily transferable for online delivery however, virtual teaching of clinical and surgical skills sessions required significant pedagogical consideration and planning. A recent editorial stressed the importance of in-person ophthalmic simulation training for the maintenance of surgical skills and competence [ 10 ]. Here we discuss the findings from our virtual ophthalmic surgical skills session and the purposeful steps taken to ensure successful online delivery to a diverse interprofessional student group. We note that these steps can also be utilized to teach generic surgical skills and are not exclusive to ophthalmic surgical skills training. General tips for course preparation and delivery are outlined in Table  2 .

Overall, students rated the session 8.85 (±1.19) out of a scale from 0 to 10 (10 being most satisfied). Student perceptions of their ability to interact with tutors, level of supervision, and view of demonstrations positively changed following the teaching session, as did their confidence in instrument handling, knot tying, and suturing. In addition, students could continue to practice the skills after their session, as they had the surgical kit with them at home.

95% of our students were ‘very satisfied’ or ‘satisfied’ with the Zoom® platform used to deliver the teaching session. Other medical educators have also successfully used this platform to deliver surgical skills teaching [ 11 ,  12 ]. For our session, the Zoom® platform was used to deliver presentations, play instructional videos, as well as watching students perform the skills via breakout rooms. However, any online platform with similar capabilities would suffice.

2021 grade 11 History exam papers Grade 11 History exam papers Grade 11 History memo and exam paper Grade 11 History question paper History grade 11 2021 graad 11 Geskiedenis examem vraestelle Graad 11 Geskiedenis examen vraestelle Graad 11 Geskiedenis memo en examen vraestelle Graad 11 Geskiedenis vraestel Geskiedenis graad 11

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Grade 11 History

Download Grade 11 History Past Papers, Model Papers, Grade 11 History Term Test Papers, school syllabus, teachers’ guide, activity sheets, and Grade 11 History notes, Short notes in Sinhala, English, and Tamil Medium.

Subject –    Grade 11  History

Notes/Short Notes

• Karmika Viplawaya | Lesson 01
• Sri Lankawe Brithanya Palanaya | Lesson 02
• Sri Lankawe Jathika Punarudaya | Lesson 03
• Brithanyan Yatathe Sri Lankawe Deshapalana Wenasvim | Lesson 04
• Brithanyan Yatathe Sri Lankawe Samaja Pariwarthanaya  | Lesson 05
• Sri Lankawata Nidahasa Lebima  | Lesson 06
• Lokaye Kepi Penena Viplawa  | Lesson 07
• Loka Maha Sangrama | Lesson 08

Study Packs

• Study Pack – History 01
• Study Pack – History 02
• Study Pack – History 03
• Picture Analysis Questions
• Grade 11 History | Maps
• O/L History Map Marking – Rivers | World map | History maps
• Empty Asia Europe Map for Practice G.C.E O/L
• Empty World Map for Practice G.C.E O/L
• Grade 11 History | Maps  Sri Lanka
• Grade 11 History | Learning Shortcuts
• Map marking – Live Worksheet 01
• Rivers Names – Live Worksheet 03
• History Sellipi – Short Note
• O/L History Short Note

Term Test Papers

1st term papers.

• 2023 paper – Jaffna Hindu College | Tamil Medium 
• 2020 paper with answers – North western Province | Sinhala Medium 
• 2020 paper with answers – Southern province | Sinhala Medium

2nd Term Papers

• 2019 paper with answers – Northwestern province | Sinhala Medium 
• 2019 paper with answers – Southern Province | Sinhala Medium 

3rd Term Papers

• 2022(2023) Paper with answers – Central  Province | Sinhala Medium
• 2022 Paper with answers – Southern Province | Sinhala Medium
• 2021 paper with answers – Southern province | Sinhala Medium  
• 2020 paper with answers – Southern province | Sinhala Medium  
• 2020 paper with answers – North western province | Sinhala Medium 
• 2020 paper with answers – Western province | Sinhala Medium
• 2019 paper with answers – North western province | Sinhala Medium  
• 2020 paper with answers – Western province | Tamil Medium

Western Province Papers

1. First Term Test Papers

2. Second Term Test Papers

3. Third Term Test Papers

• 2022 (2023) Paper

Unit Test Papers

• Sinhala Medium Unit Test Papers
• O/L History Lesson wise Past Papers
• Workbook with Unit Test Papers(Sinhala Medium)

Buy O/L Past Paper Book

• Sinhala Medium O/L History Past Paper Book
• English Medium O/L History Past Paper Book
• Grade 11 History Textbook in Tamil Medium – New Syllabus
• Grade 11 History Textbook in Sinhala Medium – New Syllabus

Sri Lanka’s Largest Educational Resources Website. we provide Past Papers, Marking Schemes, MCQ Answers, Notes, Short Notes, Syllabus, Teachers Guides, Resources Books, Term Test Papers & Model Papers for All streams.

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Last Update:   2022.01.08

Hmm… Perfect.. In future you’ll be able to upload O/L papers before the day before each subjects. 😜

Can I get english medium history papers also

How to download it

thank you so much

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History Grade 11 Exam Papers and Memos 2023 pdf download

Download history grade 11 exam papers and memos 2023 pdf.

Looking for History Grade 11 Exam Papers And Memos? You’ve come to the right place. Aucfinder offers the latest official Memorandum, Past Paper, and Sample Test from the Department of Basic Education for free. You’ll also find a detailed explanation for each question together with answers and mark schemes.

If you’re taking History this school year, we have everything you need to succeed including exam prep materials and past papers. These resources will give your insight into what is tested on this subject. They will help you understand the concepts and ideas that are being tested so that you can put in more time preparing for your exams.

Stand out from your classmates by getting these resources now!

Table of Contents

How to access History Grade 11 Exam Papers And Memos 2023

There are a few ways that you can access History Grade 11 past Papers and Memos for the year 2023.

One way is to visit your local Department of Education website and download the Grade 11 History Paper and Memorandum Pdf from them.

Another way is to search for the papers online. A quick Google search should bring up a few options for you to choose from. Finally, you can also ask other students or teachers for copies of the papers.

However, it is important to note that these papers and memos are not always the most up-to-date or accurate. For example, the papers and memos from 2017 may not accurately reflect the current curriculum. It is always best to visit your local Department of Basic Education website to get the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Download Grade 11 History Papers and Memorandum Pdf

History Grade 11 Exam Papers and Memos for 2023 can be downloaded below. These papers and memos are essential for any Grade 11 History student, as they provide valuable practice for the upcoming exams.

List of History Grade 12 June 2021 exam papers and memos for downloads

• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDENDUM-JUNE-2020_English.docx Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDENDUM-JUNE-2020_English Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDENDUM-JUNE-2021_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-MEMO-JUNE-2020_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-MEMO-JUNE-2020_English Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-QP-JUNE-2020_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-QP-JUNE-2020_English Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-ADD-JUNE-2021_Afrikaans.docx Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-ADD-JUNE-2021_English Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-MEMO-JUNE-2021_Afrikaans.docx Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-MEMO-JUNE-2021_English.docx Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-QP-JUNE-2021_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-QP-JUNE-2021_English Download

List of History Grade 11 Exams past papers and memos November 2020

• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDEN-NOV2020_English Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDEN-NOV2020-ENG-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-QP-NOV2020_English Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-QP-NOV2020_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-QP-NOV2020-ENG-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-QP-NOV2020-AFR-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-QP-ADDEN-MEMO-NOV2020-ENG-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-QP-ADDEN-MEMO-NOV2020-AFR-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-MEMO-SEPT2020_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-MEMO-SEPT2020-AFR-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-MEMO-SEPT-2020_EnglishFinal Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-MEMO-SEPT-2020-ENG-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-ADDEN-NOV2020_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR11-ADDEN-NOV2020-AFR-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-QP-NOV2020_English Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-QP-NOV2020_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-QP-NOV2020-ENG-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-QP-NOV2020-AFR-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-QP-ADEN-MEMO-NOV2020-ENG-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-QP-ADDEN-MEMO-NOV2020-AFR-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-MEMO-NOV2020_English Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-MEMO-NOV2020_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-MEMO-NOV2020-ENG-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-MEMO-NOV2020-AFR-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-ADDENDUM-NOV2020_English Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-ADDENDUM-NOV2020_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-ADDENDUM-NOV2020-ENG-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR11-ADDENDUM-NOV2020-AFR-D Download

List of History 2019 Grade 12 Paper 1 and 2 Exam Papers and Memos

Question papers.

• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDENDUM-JUNE2019_Afr-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDENDUM-JUNE2019_Afrikaans-R Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDENDUM-JUNE2019_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDENDUM-JUNE2019_English-R Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-ADDENDUM-JUNE2019_English Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-QP-JUNE2019_Afr-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-QP-JUNE2019_Afrikaans-R Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-QP-JUNE2019_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-QP-JUNE2019_English-R Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-QP-JUNE2019_English Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-MEMO-JUNE2019_Afr-D Download
• HISTORY-P1-GR12-MEMO-JUNE2019_Eng-D Download

List of History 2019 Grade 12 Paper 2 and 2 Exam Papers and Memos

• HISTORY-P2-GR12-ADD-JUNE-2019_Afr-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-ADD-JUNE-2019_Afrikaans-R Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-ADD-JUNE-2019_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-ADD-JUNE-2019_Eng-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-ADD-JUNE-2019_English-R Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-ADD-JUNE-2019_English Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-QP-JUNE-2019_Afr-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-QP-JUNE-2019_Afrikaans-R Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-QP-JUNE-2019_Afrikaans Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-QP-JUNE-2019_Eng-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-QP-JUNE-2019_English-R Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-QP-JUNE-2019_English Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-MEMO-JUNE-2019_Afr-D Download
• HISTORY-P2-GR12-MEMO-JUNE-2019_Eng-D Download

Grade 11 History Papers and Memorandum Additional Resources

To help you prepare for your upcoming exam, we have also compiled a list of helpful Grade 11 History Papers and Memorandum Pdf resources.

• Department of Basic Education Grade 11 Exams
• Eastern Cape Papers and Memorandum
• Free State Papers and Memorandum
• Gauteng Papers and Memorandum
• KwaZulu-Natal Papers and Memorandum
• Limpopo Papers and Memorandum
• Mpumalanga Papers and Memorandum
• Northern Cape Papers and Memorandum
• North West Papers and Memorandum
• Western Cape Papers and Memorandum

Final words

There are a few things to keep in mind when looking for History grade 11 exam papers and memos.

First, make sure that the papers and memos are from reputable sources. There are a lot of websites out there that claim to have the most up-to-date and accurate information, but many of them are actually scams.

Second, take the time to read through the papers and memos before using them. This will help you to get a better understanding of the material and how it is supposed to be used.

Finally, make sure to practice with the papers and memos before the actual exam. This will ensure that you are fully prepared and will not be caught off guard by any of the questions.

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History Classroom Grade 11 Topic 4: Nationalism - South Africa, the Middle East, and Africa

How to write an introduction for a history essay

Every essay needs to begin with an introductory paragraph. It needs to be the first paragraph the marker reads.

While your introduction paragraph might be the first of the paragraphs you write, this is not the only way to do it.

You can choose to write your introduction after you have written the rest of your essay.

This way, you will know what you have argued, and this might make writing the introduction easier.

Either approach is fine. If you do write your introduction first, ensure that you go back and refine it once you have completed your essay. 

What is an ‘introduction paragraph’?

An introductory paragraph is a single paragraph at the start of your essay that prepares your reader for the argument you are going to make in your body paragraphs .

It should provide all of the necessary historical information about your topic and clearly state your argument so that by the end of the paragraph, the marker knows how you are going to structure the rest of your essay.

In general, you should never use quotes from sources in your introduction.

Introduction paragraph structure

While your introduction paragraph does not have to be as long as your body paragraphs , it does have a specific purpose, which you must fulfil.

A well-written introduction paragraph has the following four-part structure (summarised by the acronym BHES).

B – Background sentences

H – Hypothesis

E – Elaboration sentences

S - Signpost sentence

Each of these elements are explained in further detail, with examples, below:

1. Background sentences

The first two or three sentences of your introduction should provide a general introduction to the historical topic which your essay is about. This is done so that when you state your hypothesis , your reader understands the specific point you are arguing about.

Background sentences explain the important historical period, dates, people, places, events and concepts that will be mentioned later in your essay. This information should be drawn from your background research . 

Example background sentences:

Middle Ages (Year 8 Level)

Castles were an important component of Medieval Britain from the time of the Norman conquest in 1066 until they were phased out in the 15 th and 16 th centuries. Initially introduced as wooden motte and bailey structures on geographical strongpoints, they were rapidly replaced by stone fortresses which incorporated sophisticated defensive designs to improve the defenders’ chances of surviving prolonged sieges.

WWI (Year 9 Level)

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The subsequent declarations of war from most of Europe drew other countries into the conflict, including Australia. The Australian Imperial Force joined the war as part of Britain’s armed forces and were dispatched to locations in the Middle East and Western Europe.

Civil Rights (Year 10 Level)

The 1967 Referendum sought to amend the Australian Constitution in order to change the legal standing of the indigenous people in Australia. The fact that 90% of Australians voted in favour of the proposed amendments has been attributed to a series of significant events and people who were dedicated to the referendum’s success.

Ancient Rome (Year 11/12 Level)  

In the late second century BC, the Roman novus homo Gaius Marius became one of the most influential men in the Roman Republic. Marius gained this authority through his victory in the Jugurthine War, with his defeat of Jugurtha in 106 BC, and his triumph over the invading Germanic tribes in 101 BC, when he crushed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (102 BC) and the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae (101 BC). Marius also gained great fame through his election to the consulship seven times.

2. Hypothesis

Once you have provided historical context for your essay in your background sentences, you need to state your hypothesis .

A hypothesis is a single sentence that clearly states the argument that your essay will be proving in your body paragraphs .

A good hypothesis contains both the argument and the reasons in support of your argument. 

Example hypotheses:

Medieval castles were designed with features that nullified the superior numbers of besieging armies but were ultimately made obsolete by the development of gunpowder artillery.

Australian soldiers’ opinion of the First World War changed from naïve enthusiasm to pessimistic realism as a result of the harsh realities of modern industrial warfare.

The success of the 1967 Referendum was a direct result of the efforts of First Nations leaders such as Charles Perkins, Faith Bandler and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.

Gaius Marius was the most one of the most significant personalities in the 1 st century BC due to his effect on the political, military and social structures of the Roman state.

3. Elaboration sentences

Once you have stated your argument in your hypothesis , you need to provide particular information about how you’re going to prove your argument.

Your elaboration sentences should be one or two sentences that provide specific details about how you’re going to cover the argument in your three body paragraphs.

You might also briefly summarise two or three of your main points.

Finally, explain any important key words, phrases or concepts that you’ve used in your hypothesis, you’ll need to do this in your elaboration sentences.

Example elaboration sentences:

By the height of the Middle Ages, feudal lords were investing significant sums of money by incorporating concentric walls and guard towers to maximise their defensive potential. These developments were so successful that many medieval armies avoided sieges in the late period.

Following Britain's official declaration of war on Germany, young Australian men voluntarily enlisted into the army, which was further encouraged by government propaganda about the moral justifications for the conflict. However, following the initial engagements on the Gallipoli peninsula, enthusiasm declined.

The political activity of key indigenous figures and the formation of activism organisations focused on indigenous resulted in a wider spread of messages to the general Australian public. The generation of powerful images and speeches has been frequently cited by modern historians as crucial to the referendum results.

While Marius is best known for his military reforms, it is the subsequent impacts of this reform on the way other Romans approached the attainment of magistracies and how public expectations of military leaders changed that had the longest impacts on the late republican period.

4. Signpost sentence

The final sentence of your introduction should prepare the reader for the topic of your first body paragraph. The main purpose of this sentence is to provide cohesion between your introductory paragraph and you first body paragraph .

Therefore, a signpost sentence indicates where you will begin proving the argument that you set out in your hypothesis and usually states the importance of the first point that you’re about to make. 

Example signpost sentences:

The early development of castles is best understood when examining their military purpose.

The naïve attitudes of those who volunteered in 1914 can be clearly seen in the personal letters and diaries that they themselves wrote.

The significance of these people is evident when examining the lack of political representation the indigenous people experience in the early half of the 20 th century.

The origin of Marius’ later achievements was his military reform in 107 BC, which occurred when he was first elected as consul.

Putting it all together

Once you have written all four parts of the BHES structure, you should have a completed introduction paragraph. In the examples above, we have shown each part separately. Below you will see the completed paragraphs so that you can appreciate what an introduction should look like.

Example introduction paragraphs: 

Castles were an important component of Medieval Britain from the time of the Norman conquest in 1066 until they were phased out in the 15th and 16th centuries. Initially introduced as wooden motte and bailey structures on geographical strongpoints, they were rapidly replaced by stone fortresses which incorporated sophisticated defensive designs to improve the defenders’ chances of surviving prolonged sieges. Medieval castles were designed with features that nullified the superior numbers of besieging armies, but were ultimately made obsolete by the development of gunpowder artillery. By the height of the Middle Ages, feudal lords were investing significant sums of money by incorporating concentric walls and guard towers to maximise their defensive potential. These developments were so successful that many medieval armies avoided sieges in the late period. The early development of castles is best understood when examining their military purpose.

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The subsequent declarations of war from most of Europe drew other countries into the conflict, including Australia. The Australian Imperial Force joined the war as part of Britain’s armed forces and were dispatched to locations in the Middle East and Western Europe. Australian soldiers’ opinion of the First World War changed from naïve enthusiasm to pessimistic realism as a result of the harsh realities of modern industrial warfare. Following Britain's official declaration of war on Germany, young Australian men voluntarily enlisted into the army, which was further encouraged by government propaganda about the moral justifications for the conflict. However, following the initial engagements on the Gallipoli peninsula, enthusiasm declined. The naïve attitudes of those who volunteered in 1914 can be clearly seen in the personal letters and diaries that they themselves wrote.

The 1967 Referendum sought to amend the Australian Constitution in order to change the legal standing of the indigenous people in Australia. The fact that 90% of Australians voted in favour of the proposed amendments has been attributed to a series of significant events and people who were dedicated to the referendum’s success. The success of the 1967 Referendum was a direct result of the efforts of First Nations leaders such as Charles Perkins, Faith Bandler and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. The political activity of key indigenous figures and the formation of activism organisations focused on indigenous resulted in a wider spread of messages to the general Australian public. The generation of powerful images and speeches has been frequently cited by modern historians as crucial to the referendum results. The significance of these people is evident when examining the lack of political representation the indigenous people experience in the early half of the 20th century.

In the late second century BC, the Roman novus homo Gaius Marius became one of the most influential men in the Roman Republic. Marius gained this authority through his victory in the Jugurthine War, with his defeat of Jugurtha in 106 BC, and his triumph over the invading Germanic tribes in 101 BC, when he crushed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (102 BC) and the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae (101 BC). Marius also gained great fame through his election to the consulship seven times. Gaius Marius was the most one of the most significant personalities in the 1st century BC due to his effect on the political, military and social structures of the Roman state. While Marius is best known for his military reforms, it is the subsequent impacts of this reform on the way other Romans approached the attainment of magistracies and how public expectations of military leaders changed that had the longest impacts on the late republican period. The origin of Marius’ later achievements was his military reform in 107 BC, which occurred when he was first elected as consul.

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