job promotion essay

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• Job Application Documents

How to Write an Application for Promotion

Last Updated: February 8, 2024 References

This article was co-authored by Michael McCutcheon, PhD . Dr. Michael McCutcheon is a career coach, psychologist, and award-winning public speaker who specializes in procrastination elimination, goal achievement, and increasing life satisfaction. With a background as a counseling psychologist, he guides clients toward becoming more aware of their desires and anxieties to break old patterns, create new habits, and achieve life-changing results. He also helps clients improve organization skills, embark on a new career, get promoted, get admitted into graduate schools, and transition from school to the working world. He is a published author and lecturer in graduate psychology courses at New York University (NYU), a position he has twice won the Teaching Award (2014 & 2019). His work has appeared in the press as a lifestyle and career expert for The Washington Post/The Associated Press, The New York Post, Scholastic, Lifehacker, and The Coca-Cola Company. He has served as a contributing writer for Out Magazine and featured panelist on National Public Radio (NPR). This article has been viewed 173,545 times.

Knowing how to write a clear, concise, and convincing application for a promotion will greatly enhance your chances of getting promoted to the next level of seniority in your company. Writing an application for a promotion involves using the correct format and materials, opening with an introduction in which you state your interest in a promotion, where you heard about the position, and a brief overview of your accomplishments for the company, and an explanation why you think you'd be the right person for this position. Luckily, with a little bit of work and some knowledge, you’ll be able to write the letter you need to get the job.

Identifying Your Audience

• If there is one, read the job listing of the position very carefully. Note every qualification desired and experience required.
• If you know someone in a similar position, ask them exactly what the new position entails.
• If you know someone who already works under your potential new supervisor, ask them what kind of attributes their boss likes as well as any other information that might benefit you when writing the application. [1] X Research source

• Read up on your new potential boss and find out what they are like, what their education and experience is, and what their employment record is like. Even if they don't make the hiring decision, your research will give you a better idea about who they are.
• The new supervisor may not always determine the promotion. In this case, identify who will be making the decision, how the process will work, and key factors that will determine the decision.
• Approach your current or new potential supervisor and let them know your interest. Ask them about the position and tell them about your qualifications. Be confident and energetic. Odds are they are at least involved in the hiring process for the position. [3] X Research source [4] X Research source

Writing Your Cover Letter

• After reading your letter for promotion, your boss should have no question in his or her mind about your merits and your ability to succeed after being promoted.

• Most companies use standard application forms for in-house promotions, so the cover letter is crucial to making your application stand out.

• ”Please accept this as my letter of application for the position of General Manager of Sports X advertised on the Sports X website.”
• ”I am writing to apply for a promotion from Assistant Manager to General Manager of Sports X.”
• Your exact wording can and may vary, depending on the specifics of the position.

• State your full name and current position. “My name is Thomas Higginson and I am currently an Assistant Manager for Sports X located in Mobile, Alabama.
• You can include any other information that identifies you and your relationship with the company, such as the amount of time you’ve worked there or the branch you're currently working at.
• Try to be short and concise with this section. Don’t use it as an opportunity to list your qualifications and experience, but rather just simply identify yourself as a current employee. [6] X Research source

• How previous experience at the company has prepared you for a promotion.
• How the promotion will help you realize your career goals.
• Why, based on your experience at the company, you as an individual are uniquely qualified.
• If you have been recommended by a supervisor for promotion, mention this here. [7] X Research source

• Explain how your education has provided you with the intellectual background for the desired promotion.
• Explain how your experience with the company has prepared you for this promotion.
• Explain how your unique mix of education, experience, and qualifications make you the best candidate for the job.

• If your promotion is a natural, linear promotion, be prepared to provide evidence that you've mastered your current position and are familiar with the new position's responsibilities. Point out any awards or recognitions you've received.
• If your promotion is non-linear, be prepared to demonstrate you are qualified. For example, if you have experience with people from the division you're applying to, point it out.
• If you are a natural leader or manager, provide evidence. For example, highlight a time when you took lead on a project and led a group to success.

• Enumerate specific skills that will enhance the operation.
• Explain your goal for the job and explain how your previous experience at the company will help you meet that goal.
• Discuss your work philosophy. [10] X Research source

Formatting the Cover Letter

• Include your full name and address.
• Position the contact information on the left hand side
• Reserve phone number and email for a header, footer, or for the last paragraph of the application letter.

• On the right hand side at the top of the letter.
• On the left hand side under your contact information.
• The date should never be centered.

• Do not indent your paragraphs
• Make sure each text block is clear, concise, and focused.
• Block paragraphs should be single spaced and separated by one line.

• Address the reader in the most specific way possible, such “Dear Mr. Walters.” Avoid phrases like “To Whom It May Concern” unless you have no other information.
• Salutations can vary, depending on the purpose of the letter of application and the audience. They might include, “Dear,” “To whom it may concern,” or “To the committee.”
• Avoid being too informal. Don’t use informal salutations like “Hi,” “Hey,” or even “My Friend.” [11] X Research source

• If space permits, quickly revisit the top reasons why you are the best candidate for the job. Don’t repeat, but remind the reader.
• Demonstrate your enthusiasm again.
• End the final paragraph with a sentence such as “Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing about your decision in the future.”
• Provide a professional closing phrase such as “Sincerely yours.”
• Sign letters by hand, if you can. Electronic signatures are permissible, but hand signatures demonstrate more interest and commitment to securing the position. [12] X Research source

Expert Q&A

• Always ask your referee's consent before using her name in your application. At the same time, remember to ask her if she's willing to write a letter of recommendation for you. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• When it comes to your accomplishments, you should list them completely and honestly. This is the part of your application for a promotion where you start to build your case for the promotion. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Be confident, concise and clear about your application. Demonstrate that you know what you are talking about. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.themuse.com/advice/how-to-stalk-your-future-employer-without-being-creepy
• ↑ Michael McCutcheon, PhD. Career Coach & Psychologist. Expert Interview. 24 February 2021.
• ↑ http://www.youthcentral.vic.gov.au/jobs-careers/applying-for-jobs/how-to-write-a-cover-letter
• ↑ http://www.forbes.com/sites/bonniemarcus/2014/09/17/5-things-you-need-to-do-to-get-the-promotion-you-deserve/#2b0504a52c93
• ↑ https://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices-careers/articles/2017-06-20/7-mistakes-of-cover-letter-writing

About This Article

Start your application for a promotion with a clear statement of intent that names the position you want and identifies you as a current employee. Next, explain why you deserve the promotion and how it aligns with your career goals, so hiring managers know you're a serious candidate. After that, briefly describe your education and experience to highlight your qualifications, making sure to include specific examples of projects you've worked on in the past—especially ones that earned you recognition or prove you're ready for new challenges. Finally, wrap up with a persuasive conclusion that summarizes how your promotion will benefit the company overall. For more advice from our co-author, like how to properly format your cover letter, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Do You Want to Get Promoted?

• Ruchi Sinha

Convince your boss that you’re ready to level up.

Landing a promotion often takes more than a formal conversation. In order to make your case, you also need to influence decision-makers at the top. Here’s how.

• Plant the seed. Promotions don’t happen overnight, and it could often take months to build your case. Plan to initiate the first conversation (of many) with your manager either during your next performance review or after you’ve surpassed a major goal.
• Do some prework. Track all of your achievements and ask your colleagues and clients for feedback to better understand your reputation around the workplace and how to improve it.
• Present a persuasive case. Don’t approach your manager with a self-serving narrative about how great you are. Instead, focus on how your work has helped the company achieve its goals. Remember that you’re advocating for yourself, and not self-promoting.

Where your work meets your life. See more from Ascend here .

A promotion is an exciting thing. You assume more responsibilities, step up to the next rung in your career, feel a heightened sense of achievement, and make more $$$.

• Ruchi Sinha , PhD is an Associate Professor of Organizational Behaviour  at the University of South Australia Business School, Adelaide, Australia. Her research explores how voice, conflict, and power dynamics influence work relationships and performance outcomes.

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Writing a Promotion Essay

Once you have selected a topic, formed an opinion, and organized reasons to support the opinion, you are ready to write a first draft of your essay. These writing activities will help you create a strong beginning, middle, and ending. You'll also read another student's promotion essay to see how all of the parts came together.

Writing the Beginning Paragraph

The first sentence is called the lead . It should capture your reader’s attention, introducing the cause in an interesting way.

Write a lead.

Review each lead-writing strategy and write an example of your own. Make a copy of this Google doc or download a Word template .

What does a trumpet player sound like without a trumpet?

(Answers will vary.)

The trumpet section of our band has ten players but only six trumpets.

The first time I played my trumpet in concert, I realized I had made a friend for life.

Write your beginning paragraph.

Write your lead and then provide details as you work toward your opinion statement. Write the opinion statement as the last sentence in the beginning paragraph.

© 2024 Thoughtful Learning. Copying is permitted.

k12.thoughtfullearning.com

Promotion Essay

Businesses employ a variety of marketing strategies, all of which aim at improving the volume of sales. Among them is advertising, which comes in as the most commonly used form of marketing criteria. The mode of marketing may appear in form of writings in papers, magazines, and articles amongst others.

It can as well be aired through televisions or radios. Whichever means preferred to present the advertisement, the sellers or rather the producers of the advertised product must have the target audience in mind. They should further consider the market segment that the ad will suit.

The message included in any ad should address fully the needs of the customer. Otherwise, the ad is useless. The sellers must take time to design the details as well the factors in place that are worthy including in the ad primarily to make sure that the target audience sees, likes and goes for the advertised good or service.

Advertisement, or simply ad, forms one of the subsets of marketing strategies. Advertising simply means communicating a given aspect of message to a given audience, viewers or listeners to persuade them to take some action for example, of buying a given product, service or agreeing to a given ideology.

A sponsor on electronic or print media like television commercial, magazines, direct mail, websites or text messages among many others must pay for the airing of an advertising message (Mullin & Walker, 2010, p.34). The ad of my choice is that of ‘aqua fresh’, a toothpaste brand.

The choice of the brand follows the evident creativity employed in the ad that strategically drives home the intended message. The ad is a visually appealing package, well able to push one into an impulse buying of the brand.

The ad, aired on the local television, highlights the salient benefits that the buyer gains from using the product. It points out the faster elimination of germs in the teeth as well as its ability to strengthen weak teeth of the users. It makes the teeth clean all the time. It also highlights the lasting fresh breath, which makes its users feel free to talk and socialize with others without any worries.

Furthermore, the ad manages to differentiate its brand from those of the competing products like Colgate. It does this by affirming their approval from the dentistry society as the best toothpaste, which has no side effects to the users. The ad targets a specific market segment audience.

The ad targets exclusively every person able to use a toothbrush and willing to sacrifice for his/her teeth. However, the most targeted segment is the youth at school level. The segment heavily uses toothpaste based on the rules set in learning institutions requiring every student to keep his/her teeth clean.

The market segment targeted by the ad is good and strategic based on the huge population of scholars right from the school level through colleges to the university level. The ad still can be improved to appeal its target audience.

Though the ad has employed creativity appealing to the target segment, it too needs to capture the things that interest the youth. For instance, it needs to be humorous and catchy to attract the interest of the youth making them have fun while using the product.

For instance, it should provide information on how students can achieve their dreams by using the toothpaste like giving them space to engage in discussion without fear of being repressed by their colleagues.

The ad is well created. However, some loopholes do exist, which might trigger negative emotions on the target audience. The ad seems lengthy, a case that often bores the viewers once run in between some favorite programs on the television. Furthermore, the ad does not enlist some of the side effects that the product has, which may discourage the users from buying the product.

It is therefore important for the ad to put in more improvements in the way it is adapted in order to capture the viewers’ attention influencing the prospective buyers into buying it (Pfeifer, 2010, p.349).

One of the recommendations is that the ad should provide relevant information that will benefit the users after brushing their teeth with the brand like how the frequency of brushing teeth using the brand fosters the health of the teeth.

It also ought to specify the duration of changing from one brush to another and other valuable information relating to use of toothbrush. Furthermore, the ad should use people or events that suit a given targeted audience group (Pergelova & Prior, 2010, p.40). The ad should also incorporate music and humor to attract the attention of the buyers triggering them into using the product.

Advertising is a major way of promoting a given product, service or ideologies. It is therefore paramount for the sellers or the producers of particular goods or services to come up with a catchy criterion of persuading their target segment into buying their products.

They therefore, ought to consider the quality of the message to use for their advertisement. Does it meet the needs of the buyer? Does it specify the available varieties? Otherwise, advertising is a good way of reaching the buyers. The well structured it appears, the more the buyers it attracts.

Mullin, J., & Walker, O. (2010). Marketing Management: A Strategic Decision Making Approach. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Pergelova, A., & Prior, D. (2010). Assessing Advertising Efficiency. Journal of Advertising , 39 (1), pp. 39-54.

Pfeifer, C. (2010). Determinants of Promotions in an Internal Labor Market. Schmalenbach Business Review (SBR) , 62 (4), pp. 342-358.

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IvyPanda. (2019, May 22). Promotion. https://ivypanda.com/essays/promotion-essay/

"Promotion." IvyPanda , 22 May 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/promotion-essay/.

IvyPanda . (2019) 'Promotion'. 22 May.

IvyPanda . 2019. "Promotion." May 22, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/promotion-essay/.

1. IvyPanda . "Promotion." May 22, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/promotion-essay/.

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Sample Recommendation Letters for a Promotion

What to Include in Your Letter

Review letter samples.

• Sample Promotion Recommendations

Promotion Reference Email Example

 Theresa Chiechi / The Balance

Recommendation letters aren’t just useful tools for job seekers hoping to land a position at a new employer. A strong recommendation can also help an employee get a promotion at their current company.

Throughout your career, you may be called upon to write a recommendation letter for a colleague or direct report looking for a promotion. Whether it's showcasing their leadership skills, highlighting specific achievements, or matching their qualifications to a higher role, a positive endorsement can make all the difference, helping the candidate stand apart from a similarly qualified crowd of employees and applicants. Here's how to write a recommendation letter for an employee seeking a promotion.

If you're writing to request a promotion for yourself, here are sample cover letters for a promotion or internal opportunity.

1. Keep it positive.  When you agree to write a letter for someone , make sure you can give them a glowing recommendation. Anything less can work against them. If you can’t be enthusiastic in your support, it’s better to graciously decline .

2. Introduce yourself appropriately.  Your letter should start with a polite salutation, followed by your purpose for writing. You will want to introduce yourself and state in what capacity you have known the applicant.

3. Be specific in your recommendations.  Next, you should explain how the person’s work ethic and skill set make him or her a good choice for the promotion . Use specific examples to prove your points. Focus on times the person has demonstrated leadership or maturity to prove they are ready to handle the responsibility of a new position.

4. Keep the job description in mind.  Try to match the person’s skills and abilities to the job they are applying for or the promotion they are seeking if there's no formal application. If there is a posting, you might ask the person for the  job description  so you can focus on  keywords  that are used in the job listing. Regardless, you can also ask for an updated resume.

5. Offer additional assistance.  In closing, you can offer to elaborate or answer any additional questions. Be sure to provide your contact information so the hiring manager can easily reach you.

It is a good idea to review examples of recommendation letters and emails before writing your own. Examples can help you see what kind of content you should include in your letter. Examples can also help you with the layout and format of your letter.

While examples, templates, and guidelines are a great starting point for your letter, you should always customize your message.

Be sure to take the time to personalize your letter, note, or email message, so it reflects your sincere thoughts on the candidate and gives strong examples that show why they deserve a promotion.

You can use this sample as a model to write a recommendation letter.  Download the template  (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online), or read the text version below.

Sample Reference Letter for a Promotion (Text Version)

Nancy Jones 123 Main Street Anytown, CA 12345 555-555-5555 nancy.jones@email.com

May 1, 2024

David Lee Director, Marketing Acme Marketing 123 Business Road Business City, NY 54321

Dear Mr. Lee,

I would like to recommend Lucy Crumb for the position of Marketing Manager at Acme Marketing. Lucy has worked in the Marketing department for three years, and when I came on board last year, I immediately recognized her as the person to ask when I had a question. She is a natural leader, and her organizational skills are exceptional.

Lucy’s ability to plan a strategy, and make sure it’s implemented accurately and quickly have contributed immensely to the recent successes in our department. In fact, she was the team leader on two of our most recent, successful projects.

She is creative and hardworking and often helps out colleagues on other projects. I believe the department would continue to thrive and grow with Lucy as Marketing Manager. Her knowledge of the industry and her experience with the company make her an excellent candidate for promotion.

Please let me know if I can offer additional information.

Signature  (hard copy letter)

Nancy Jones

Here's a sample recommendation email message sent to recommend a colleague for a promotion.

Sample Promotion Reference Letter

Subject:  John Smith - Recommendation for Promotion

Dear Katherine Blue,

I have worked closely with John Smith for the past several years while he has been employed as the Marketing Assistant in the Communications Office. I have been consistently impressed by both John's attitude toward his work and his performance on the job. I am confident he would make an ideal Marketing Manager for the company.

John possesses solid writing skills, which have enabled him to compose quality correspondence and publications. He has even taken on additional writing responsibilities. He asked to take charge of our weekly newsletter, and since doing so, our office has praised his well-edited, thoughtful letters.

John is a tremendous asset to our office, and his expertise, the experience he has gained on the job, and the continuing professional development classes he has participated in make him a prime candidate for promotion.

I recommend him for a promotion without reservation. Please let me know if you need further information.

Linda Lau Manager 555-555-5555 linda.lau@email.com

Key Takeaways

Keep it positive. If you can’t say something nice about your colleague or employee, it’s best to graciously decline.

Match the candidate’s qualifications to the job description. Use specific examples to strengthen your case.

Emphasize leadership skills. For a promotion, the ability to lead is especially important. Hiring managers will want to see these skills.

Use sample letters, but be sure to customize: Personalize your recommendation letter so it’s appropriate for the candidate and role.

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Essay on promotion of employees | hrm.

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Read this essay to learn about the Promotion of Employees. After reading this essay you will learn about: 1. Meaning of Promotion 2. Purposes of Promotion 3. Principles 4. Bases.

• Essay on the Bases of Promotion

1. Essay on the Meaning of Promotion :

Advancement within an organisation is ordinarily labelled as ‘promotion’ . It is an upward movement of an employee from current job to another that is higher in pay, responsibility, status and organisational level.

A mere shifting of an employee to a different job which has better working hours, better location and more pleasant working conditions does not imply promotion. The new job will be promotion only if entails increased responsibilities and enhanced pay.

The term promotion has been defined by different authors as follows:

According to Scott and Spreigal, “A promotion is the transfer of an employee to a job that pays more money or that enjoys some preferred status.”

According to Pigors and Myres, “A promotion is the advancement of an employee to a better job-better in terms of greater responsibilities, more prestige or status, greater skill and especially, increased rate of pay or salary.”

According to Edwin B. Flippo, “A promotion involves a change from one job to another that is better in terms of status and responsibility.”

The analysis of above definitions reveals three basic elements in promotion:

i. Transfer of an employee to some higher job having more prestige, better status, more benefits and privileges.

ii. Reassignment of an employee to a position having increased responsibilities.

iii. Higher job grade.

All the three elements must be present in promotion. When the salary of an employee is increased without corresponding change in the job grade, it is upgrading and not promotion.

If there is an increase in responsibility without any increase in pay, it may be called ‘Dry Promotion’ . If an employee is placed on a job involving similar responsibilities, it is called transfer and not promotion, irrespective of the fact that there is an increase in his earnings.

2. Essay on the Purposes of Promotion :

Promotions are generally given to achieve the following purposes:

1. To put the employee in a position where he will be of greater value to the company. This will imply, utilising the employee’s skill and knowledge at the appropriate level in the organisation hierarchy resulting in organisational effectiveness and employee satisfaction.

2. To develop competitive spirit and zeal in the employees to acquire the skill and knowledge etc. required by higher level jobs.

3. To develop internal source of employees ready to take jobs at higher levels in the organisation. Employees have little motivation if better jobs are reserved for outsiders.

4. To promote employee self-development and make them await their turn of promotions. It reduces labour turnover.

5. To build up morale, loyalty and a sense of belongingness on the part of employees when it is brought home to them that they would be promoted if they deserve it.

6. To promote employees’ interest in training and development programmes and in team development areas.

7. To built loyalty among employees and to boost their morale.

8. To reward committed, loyal and deserving employees.

9. To create among employees a feeling of contentment with their present working conditions and encourages them to succeed in the company.

Watkins, Dodd and others mention that the purposes of promotion are:

i. To furnish an effective incentive for initiative, enterprise and ambition.

ii. To conserve proved skill, training & ability.

iii. To reduce discontent and unrest.

iv. To attract suitable and competent workers and

v. To suggest logical training for advancement.

Yoder and others observe, “Promotion provides incentive to initiative, enterprise and ambition, minimises discontent and unrest, attracts capable individuals, necessitates logical training of advancement and forms an effective reward for loyalty, cooperation and long service etc.”

3. Essay on the Principles of Promotion :

In every organisation there should be a sound base for promotion so that better industrial relations may be promoted; it is the responsibility of the personnel department of the organisation to develop a sound promotion policy as a part of the organisation personnel policy. It will reduce the personnel problems regarding promotions considerably and ensure the employees fair chances of advancement.

A sound promotion policy should be based on the following principles:

(i) The promotion policy should be in writing and must be understood by all employees to avoid any suspicion regarding line of promotion in the minds of employees.

(ii) The promotion policy should lay down what percentage of vacancies in higher levels of hierarchy is to be filled up by promotion and it should be followed strictly.

It is better to incorporate a statement of management intention that higher paid and better jobs will be filled by promotion from within, if possible, rather than by hiring from outside. If it is necessary to go outside to fill specific skilled or professional jobs, it should be notified in advance.

(iii) The promotion policy should mention the basis of promotion-seniority or merit. A sound policy should be based on both the considerations i.e. seniority and ability. Primarily it would emphasise the merit giving due weightage to seniority. If two persons are equal in merit and seniority, seniority should be the basis of promotion.

(iv) Job analysis decides the position of the jobs and their relationship to other positions. This should be charted to provide clear recognition of the natural movement from one job to another.

Positions may be adjusted and arranged so that one position prepares workers for another and natural course of advancement throughout the organisation or within each division or department may be provided. Employees should be fully aware of the plan so that they may prepare themselves for higher position.

(v) Promotion programmes should be closely allied to training programmes; which enables the employees to improve themselves for promotions.

(vi) A scientific procedure for evaluating employee performance should be followed. The assessment of employee and confidential reporting should be objective so that every employee has a faith in the promotion policy and is motivated for better performance of work to get promotion.

(vii) The supervisor or the immediate boss should recommend the promotion which is subject to approval by his immediate superior in the line. Final decision in this respect should be taken by the top executive in line with the advice and assistance of the personnel department in a staff capacity. This serves as a check on the fairness of promotion and ensures that the policy will be consistently administered.

(viii) The promotion policy should contain a provision for the challenge of a particular promotion by the employee or union within the limits of the promotion policy to ensure fairness in management decision.

(ix) A vacancy or a would be vacancy should be notified to employees in advance so that interested employees may apply within a specified period. If possible, the candidate should be selected before the job actually becomes vacant.

(x) The promotion, at first, should be made on probation. If he works satisfactorily during probation period, he should be made permanent.

(xi) Not all people within an organisation want promotion because some feel that they will leave a congenial work group or they will not be able to handle the responsibilities of higher job or they may have certain other reasons.

Promotion should not be forced on such reluctant employees and they should be allowed to continue their present assignment.

4. Essay on the Bases of Promotion :

While designing the promotion policy, there is always a problem before the management, what should be the criterion for promotion? Organisations adopt different bases of promotion depending upon their nature, size, management etc.

The well-established bases of promotion are:

(i) Seniority 

(ii) Merit.

(i) Seniority as a Basis of Promotion :

Seniority means length of recognised service in an organisation. If seniority is adopted as the basis of promotion, the senior most person in the lower grade shall be promoted as and when there is an opening in the higher position.

The logic behind considering the seniority as a basis of promotion is that there is a positive correlation between the length of service in the same job and the amount of knowledge and the level of skill acquired by an employee in an organisation.

Seniority on the basis of length of recognised service in the organisation is decided by the organisation and every employee knows his place in the promotion line. There will be no chance of favouritism or dispute regarding promotion. Seniority is widely recognised as the basis of promotion in almost all types of organisations, particularly in organisations where trade unions are strong.

The advantages of seniority as a basis of promotion are as follows:

1. It is relatively easy to measure the length of service and to judge the seniority.

2. Trade unions generally emphasise on seniority rather than on merit as a basis of promotion.

3. The employees trust this method as there is no scope for favouritism, discrimination and judgement.

4. Security and certainty is also a plus point in the use of seniority. Employees can predict when and how he will be promoted. It increases employee morale and gives the employees a sense of satisfaction.

5. It minimises the scope for grievances and conflicts regarding promotion.

6. Seniority basis of promotion helps in reducing labour turnover because an employee will not easily give up his seniority in the organisation.

In spite of the above mentioned advantages, this system also suffers from certain limitations. These are:

1. It is not necessary that employees learn more with length of service. The employees may learn upto a certain age and learning capabilities may diminish beyond a certain age.

2. It demotivates the young and more competent employees and results in greater labour turnover.

3. It kills the zeal and interest for self-development as everybody will be promoted without showing any all-round growth or promise.

4. Judging the seniority, though, it may seem very easy in theoretical sense, is highly difficult in practice, as so many problems like job seniority, company seniority, service in different organisations, trainee, researcher etc. will crop up.

(ii) Merit as a Basis of Promotion :

Merit means ability to work. It denotes an individual employee’s Skill, knowledge, ability, efficiency and aptitude as measured from educational, training and past employment record. If merit is adopted as the basis of promotion the most able person in the lower grade, no matter howsoever junior he maybe in the company shall be promoted.

It encourages all employees to improve their efficiency. Management personnel generally prefer merit as the basis of promotion. Merit may be determined by job performance and by analysis of employee potential for development through written or oral examinations or personal interviews or other records of performance. Thus, ‘ability’ ignores the value of experience.

The advantages of merit system of promotion are:

1. The skills of an employee can be better utilised at a higher level. It results in maximum utilisation of human resources in an organisation.

2. Competent employees are motivated to exert all their energies and contribute to organisational efficiency and effectiveness.

3. This system continuously encourages the employees to acquire new skills, knowledge etc. for all round development.

Despite the advantages, the merit system suffers from the following limitations:

1. Measuring merit is not always easy.

2. Many employees, particularly, trade unions distrust the management’s integrity in judging merit.

3. The techniques of merit measurement are subjective.

4. The purpose of promotion may not be served if merit is taken as the sole criteria for promotion. Merit should mean future potentiality but not past performance. This method takes into consideration the past achievements but not the future success.

(iii) Seniority-Cum-Merit Basis :

There is a great controversy on the question of whether promotions should be given on the basis of seniority or merit. Managements mostly prefer merit as the basis of promotion as they are interested in enriching organisational effectiveness by enriching its human resources.

But, trade unions favour seniority as the sole basis for promotion with a view to satisfy the interests of majority of their members. The most widely used basis of promotion combines both ability and seniority. The best policy would be to ensure that whenever there are two employees of equal seniority, merit or ability should be the deciding factor in a promotion.

Where, however, there are two employees of almost equal competence, seniority should be the decisive factor. Such a policy should satisfy both the management and the trade unions. Hence, a combination of both seniority and merit may be considered as a sound basis for promotion.

Related Articles:

• Top 6 Elements of a Promotion Policy | Employee Management
• Promotion of Employees in an Organisation

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English Solutions

Search this blog, job promotion - why should i be promoted essay example / letter / email, top reasons for deserving a promotion.

• I have been with the company for a long time and have contributed to its growth.
• I have consistently performed well and met or exceeded all expectations.
• I have taken on additional responsibilities and gone above and beyond what was asked of me.
• I am a team player who is always willing to help out and contribute to the success of the team.
• I am proactive and always looking for ways to improve my skill set and knowledge.

These are just a few reasons. Many promotions will depend on the particular circumstances and requirements of the workplace.

How To Request A Promotion

We all want to get on in our professional life at work. When we work hard and do the right things, it's nice to get some positive feedback in return. But getting promoted can be difficult because there are so many other people who want to get ahead too - and the selection process can be competitive. Just remember, nobody is perfect. We all have a few flaws, and you may be just as deserving of a promotion as anyone else!

Here are some ideas for you to consider as you prepare to ask your boss for a promotion .

It doesn't matter what job you choose in life; the key thing is to maintain a positive attitude and get the most out of it. One of the best ways to do this is to show your boss that you have a genuine interest in your career.

It's impossible to say what degree of success you might achieve or how long it will take, but there are some things you can do now which will put you ahead of most people looking for a promotion.

How to Write Powerful Essays for Promotions

One of the most important things to remember when writing good essays for job promotions is that you need to be persuasive.

To do this, you'll want to ensure and include several key promotion justification points in your essay.

• Demonstrate why you are the best candidate for the position. Highlight your accomplishments and skills that align with the requirements of the new role.
• Explain how you will be an asset to the company in the new role. Outlining how you will contribute to the company's growth and success.
• Show that you are committed to the company and the new position. Discuss your long-term goals and how these align with the company's mission and values.

By including these key points, you can surpass writing just satisfactory essays, and write persuasive and powerful essays that will increase your chances of getting a promotion.

Sample Essay for Job Promotion

When it comes time to ask for a promotion, it's important to put your best foot forward and make a case for why you deserve the boost in responsibility and compensation.

When writing a Promotion Essay:

• Highlight your accomplishments and how they've benefited the company
• Focus on your future goals and how a promotion at work would help you meet them
• Be specific about what you would do with the additional responsibility and what makes you the best candidate for the job.

Job Promotion - Why Should I be Promoted / Why I deserve a Promotion Essay Example

As I have been working at [company] for several years, I feel that it is time for me to move up into the role of [position]. Over this period, as every member of staff does in their way, I have made a valuable contribution to the success of my department and, as I am sure they have too, my team.

I am aware that other staff members in the company are also eager to progress in their careers. However, I believe that after a great deal of consideration, you will conclude that I am the ideal candidate for [position]. Therefore, I have decided to take the time to highlight what I have achieved while working here at [company], my strengths, and also reasons why promoting me is such an attractive idea at this time.

Reasons why I should be promoted:

Helping other employees with tasks and projects: this is something I undertake daily and is very important to the running of this department. I maintain a high level of communication with all staff and make sure they are clear about what they need to do, how to go about it, and I give feedback on their performance.

I have been able to create effective working relationships with our company’s clients. As a result, our customer satisfaction ratings are high, as well as low-risk customer complaints. I aim to make sure all customers are happy with our services and always try to go the extra mile for my clients, even if it means working overtime or on weekends when needed.

I have made several changes to improve efficiency and effectiveness within the department. Through this, I was able to reduce operating costs while improving sales. I have utilized my innovative skills to develop new sales products as well as improving customer satisfaction.

Empowering and motivating other employees around me: I firmly believe in motivating others to be their best selves. This trait is evident in my ability to identify the individual potential of each member of my team and encourage them to make the most of their abilities. I help other employees reach higher levels of performance by empowering them with additional responsibility.

Outstanding leadership and supervisory skills: I have a proven track record for building positive relationships with colleagues, both inside and outside of work.

Volunteering for additional responsibilities: I am always keen to take on extra tasks and more responsibility to further the goals of the company. Doing so has allowed me to develop my leadership and management skills, and interpersonal communication through roles at work and outside of it.

Excellent communicator: My approachable manner, positive attitude, and excellent team-building skills allow me to communicate effectively with a range of people from all levels and areas within the organization.

Future goals: I plan to continue my education and a promotion would give me the opportunity to attend conferences and seminars that would contribute to my professional development, and benefit the company. Additionally, a promotion would give me increased responsibility and authority within the organization, help further develop my leadership skills, and could lead to more opportunities for advancement within the company in the future.

The above demonstrate my suitability for the position in question. I believe that my skills and experience make me an ideal candidate for [position].

Writing Templates

Why Should I Be Promoted Example Letter / Why I Deserve a Promotion Example Letter

Here's an example letter to a superior explaining why you should be promoted at work.

Dear (name of superior/manager),

I would like to explain why I believe I should be promoted to the leadership position of (job title).

First and foremost, I have been with the company for four years and have proven to be a reliable and consistent employee. An example of this is when I was given the XYZ project to lead and completed it ahead of schedule, which pleased everyone.

Second, I have continuously taken on additional responsibilities outside of my job description and excelled in them. You will recall when I stepped up to fill in as the lead customer service representative for three months when Jane was out on maternity leave. I not only maintained the same high level of customer satisfaction that Jane always achieved but increased it by 2%, consistently receiving positive feedback from customers and clients. This shows that I can handle more responsibility and therefore am deserving of a promotion.

Third, I am always looking for ways to improve processes and procedures in the workplace. Recently, I created a new system for organizing our inventory that has already saved us two hours each day.

Finally, I am always willing to help out other employees, whether with their work or personal matters. I believe that this demonstrates my leadership skills and my ability to be a productive team member.

I believe these reasons demonstrate why I deserve promotionand would be well suited to the (job title) position.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to discussing this opportunity with you further.

(Your name)

What should I include in a job promotion letter?

When you write a letter seeking a promotion at work, there are some essential points to include:

• A brief explanation of why you are writing
• A mention of your previous accomplishments and how they have benefited the company
• An explanation of what you feel you could contribute to the company in a higher position
• A request for an interview or meeting to discuss the possibility of a promotion
• If you have a good relationship with your boss or supervisor, it is also polite to include a thank you for their time and consideration.

Writing a letter is often the best way to approach most supervisors asking for a promotion, as it shows more initiative and that you are willing to put some extra effort into getting what you want.

Top skills valued by employers for promotion

When it comes to being promoted, employers a few key skills above all else.

Collaborative team player . They want to see that you can work well with others and that you can take direction.

Excellent communication skills . You must be able to communicate effectively, both in writing and in person.

Self-motivated . They want to see you have a strong work ethic, are always looking for ways to improve, and are willing to put in the extra effort when needed.

Problem-solving / critical thinking skills . Finally, they will also look at your ability to analyze and solve problems. They want to see that you can think critically and are resourceful.

If you demonstrate these skills, you will be well on your way to being promoted.

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Job promotion essay sample, example.

To: Andrew O’Donnell CC: Martin Smith Subject: Your Job Promotion

Dear Mr. O’Donnell,

For the period of time you have been working at SFTWare, Inc., you have distinguished yourself as a responsible and competent worker. Your initiatives have brought our company significant profits and your leadership qualities have helped organize and rally the collective.

Considering the aforementioned facts, together with your other achievements and qualities, management has made the decision to promote you to Assistant Director of Marketing Communications. Your appointment will take effect on February 16th. The annual salary for the position will be $47,000; you will be paid on a monthly basis.

You will report to Martin Smith, Director, Marketing Communications. He is extremely pleased with your work in previous positions you have held and is looking forward to working with you.

Congratulations on your promotion.

Jack Scott,

Director, Human Resources

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I gratefully and humbly accept the decision by the company to offer me a promotion to a higher rank in our department. It has been my hope to grow to the next career level and I believed it is achievable to emerge a winner in everything I do. I would, most importantly love to state that the news came in as a big surprise for me especially because truly speaking; I was not expecting such a promotion soon.

Additionally, I cannot hide the fact that I am happy and proud because I now feel my endeavor in several years I have been working for the organization has been satisfactory and offered positive results. I also thank God for the company director not forgetting my boss who has always treated me as a pupil, son and friend since I set foot in the organization.

It is therefore my promise that I will continue working hard towards the success of the organization and will not let down anyone of you (Mack & Radio 23). I also believe that the position comes with great responsibility and even so, it is an incredible opportunity for me to demonstrate my abilities and whatever I have learnt.

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I also assure you that I will never disappoint in my work and promise to work extra hard for the organization and my colleagues. I also express my gratitude to my workmates who in one way or another contributed to my attainment and acceptance of my new promotion. To the General Manager, I send my special gratitude because you never hesitated giving me a promotion.

Similarly, I cannot forget to mention the Human Resource Manager who also ensured the promotion was made possible sooner than I expected it. I also appreciate my former boss or supervisor, co-workers, friends and everybody else for sharing with me in this great opportunity and joy in my career. I promise that I am going to work efficiently towards realization of company goals in my new position. Thank you in advance.

Mack Wendy & Radio Myron. How to influence Motivators at Workplace to Mobilize Power for Change . Indiana: iUniverse, 2011. Print.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower: Life Before the Presidency

Born on October 14, 1890, in a house by the railroad tracks in Denison, Texas, Dwight David Eisenhower spent his youth in the small farm town of Abilene, Kansas. His father, David, worked as a mechanic in a local creamery. His mother, Ida, a Mennonite, was a religious pacifist who opposed war. Eisenhower did family chores, delighted in hunting and fishing and football, and eagerly read military history. In 1911, he won an appointment to West Point, where he played football until he suffered a serious knee injury. His pranks, fondness for cards and smoking, and average grades earned him little respect from his teachers. They thought that he would be a good officer, but not a great one.

Rising in the Ranks

After graduating in the middle of his class—61st out of 164—Eisenhower spent the next few years at one disappointing station after another, beginning with a stint as a second lieutenant at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. It was there that he met and married Mamie Doud. At Camp Meade, Maryland, Eisenhower became friends with George S. Patton, Jr. Both Eisenhower and Patton published articles in 1920 advocating that the Army make better use of tanks to prevent a repetition of the static and destructive trench warfare of World War I. But Army authorities considered Eisenhower insubordinate rather than visionary and threatened him with a court-martial if he again challenged official views on infantry warfare.

Eisenhower was doubly fortunate when he was transferred to a new assignment in the Panama Canal Zone and got to work as executive officer for General Fox Conner, who appreciated Eisenhower's critical thinking about infantry warfare. Conner became Eisenhower's patron and arranged for a prized appointment that helped propel Eisenhower's career, as a student at the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Eisenhower graduated first in his class of 245 officers, and he was quickly given important assignments. He served as an aide first to General John J. Pershing, commander of U.S. forces in World War I, and then to General Douglas MacArthur, the Army's chief of staff.

Eisenhower remained with MacArthur for seven stormy years. The two men were extremely different. They often disagreed, although Eisenhower, as the junior officer, still had to carry out the general's orders. Eisenhower loyally served MacArthur even when it meant dispersing the "Bonus Marchers," a group of unemployed veterans of World War I who protested in Washington, D.C., during the Great Depression. Despite their different styles, Eisenhower stayed with MacArthur when he moved to the Philippines in 1935 to organize and train the army of the Philippine Commonwealth.

World War II Hero

After World War II broke out in Europe in 1939, Eisenhower returned to the United States and eventually played an important role in the Third Army's field maneuvers in Louisiana. These training exercises, in which more than 400,000 troops participated, revealed Eisenhower's talent for strategic planning and earned him a promotion to brigadier general. Only days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Eisenhower went to Washington, D.C., to work on U.S. war plans. Eisenhower impressed Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall, a keen but stern judge of military ability who rarely spoke words of praise. Promotions and critical assignments followed quickly. In November 1942, Eisenhower commanded Allied troops that invaded North Africa in Operation Torch. The next year, he directed the invasions of Sicily and Italy. In 1944, he was the Supreme Commander in Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied western Europe. In only a few years, Eisenhower had risen from an obscure lieutenant colonel to a four-star general in charge of one of the greatest military forces in history.

By dealing sympathetically with Allied leaders, Eisenhower achieved the cooperative effort that enabled him to launch the D-Day invasion of Normandy, June 6, 1944. His terse decision, "Okay, let's go," despite the chance of poor weather won admiration from the Allied leaders and the troops that risked—and gave—their lives on the beaches of Normandy.

Postwar Achievements

After Germany's surrender in May 1945, Eisenhower received a hero's welcome at victory ceremonies in several Allied capitals, including Washington, D.C., London, Moscow, and Paris. Yet peace also brought controversy for Eisenhower in his role as the commander of U.S. occupation forces in Germany. He endured criticism for allowing the Red Army to liberate Berlin in the final days of fighting. Eisenhower, however, thought he made the right decision, as he adhered to previous agreements about how far troops should advance and avoided unnecessary casualties to the forces he commanded. Eisenhower had to take an unpopular step when he relieved his old friend George Patton as military governor of Bavaria because of the general's violation of orders against using former Nazis in government positions. Eisenhower also adhered strictly to a provision of the Yalta agreements that he return all Soviet citizens in the U.S. occupation zone—even political dissidents who had no desire to go back.

Eisenhower had clear views on what became one of the most controversial decisions that a President has ever made, when President Harry S. Truman authorized the use of the atomic bomb against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Eisenhower expressed his ideas in July 1945 at the Potsdam Conference, a meeting between President Truman, Soviet Premier Josef Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was replaced by Prime Minister Clement Atlee because of the results of the British elections. After news of the test in the New Mexico desert of the first atomic bomb reached U.S. officials at the beginning of the conference, Eisenhower told Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson that the bomb was unnecessary, as Japan was on the verge of surrender. Eisenhower also feared that the first use of atomic weapons in combat would tarnish the image of the United States at the very moment when its prestige was at an all-time high. But Truman accepted the counsel of other advisers, who, unlike Eisenhower, had been at the center of discussion about the war in the Pacific, and authorized the Army Air Forces to drop whatever bombs were available—then two—as soon as possible.

At the end of 1945, Eisenhower returned to Washington, D.C., to become the chief of staff of the Army. He served in that capacity for two years and made important decisions to transform the wartime Army into a force prepared for the Cold War. After retiring from the position of chief of staff, he wrote a popular memoir of his wartime experiences, Crusade in Europe . He served as the president of Columbia University, beginning in 1948, although he returned occasionally to Washington to serve as informal chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as they discussed how to apportion service roles and missions in the nuclear age and how to allocate defense funds that fell short of their requirements. Soon after war broke out in Korea, Eisenhower returned to uniform as the first Supreme Commander of NATO forces in Europe, the "most important military job in the world today."

Chester J. Pach, Jr.

Associate Professor of History Ohio University

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Putin Is Selling Victory, and Many Russians Are Buying It

Vladimir Putin’s message to his country appears to be taking hold: that Russia is fighting against the whole Western world — and winning.

Military cadets at an exhibition of equipment captured from NATO countries in front of the Victory Museum in Moscow. Credit...

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By Valerie Hopkins

Photographs by Nanna Heitmann

Reporting from Moscow

• May 15, 2024

The word “victory” is everywhere in Moscow these days.

It is being projected from gargantuan LED screens alongside major intersections and highways and written on red flags whipping in the wind. It’s prominent at an exhibit of Western weapons destroyed on Ukrainian battlefields and lugged back to Moscow as war trophies on display in — where else? — Victory Park.

Victory is precisely the message that President Vladimir V. Putin, 71, has sought to project as he has been feted with pomp and pageantry after another electoral success, while his army sweeps through Ukrainian villages in a stunning new offensive in the northeast.

“Together, we will be victorious!” Mr. Putin said at his inauguration last week after securing a fifth term as president. Two days later, the country celebrated Victory Day, Russia’s most important public holiday, which commemorates the Soviet contribution to the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II.

During the first year of the invasion, many Russians were shocked and ashamed by the war; hundreds of thousands left the country. During the second year, they were concerned about a potential second wave of mobilization.

But with the war now in its third year, many Russians seem to have learned to accept it, interviews over the last week and recent polling show. And “victory” is an easy sell in Mr. Putin’s Russia.

Western sanctions have inflicted few economic hardships. The military news from Ukraine is increasingly positive. Yes, soldiers are still returning in coffins, but mostly to families in the hinterlands , not among the Moscow elite. And for many, the deaths only reinforce the idea, pushed by state news media and driven home relentlessly by Mr. Putin, that Russia is facing an existential threat from the West.

“We can feel that victory is near,” said Andrei, 43, who said he traveled to Moscow for the May 9 holiday celebrations from the Chita region, almost 3,000 miles from the capital.

Like others interviewed for this story, he declined to provide his last name, indicating apparent mistrust of Western news media.

He was among those who braved the cold and even snow to visit the collection of recently captured Western military equipment. (Ukraine also displays destroyed Russian tanks in the center of Kyiv). But the brash exhibit in Moscow, with flags on the equipment showing which countries donated them to Ukraine, fits Russia’s narrative that it is fighting against the whole developed world — and winning.

“When you see all this, and all these flags, it is clear that the whole world is supplying weapons and you know that a world war is going on,” Andrei said. “It’s Russia against the whole world, as usual.”

Ivan, another visitor to Victory Park, waited his turn to pose in front of the rusted and charred hulk of the German Leopard tank, flashing a smile and giving a thumbs up as his friend photographed him. People jostled for a spot beside a similarly destroyed American-made M1 Abrams tank.

“There has been so much talk about these Abrams, about these Leopards, and what is the result?” said Ivan, 26.

“They are all standing here, we are looking at them, we see what condition they are in. This is great!” He smiled.

The bravado exhibited by Russians like Andrei and Ivan this month mirrors the confident posture of Mr. Putin as he steers Russia past economic challenges and to greater battlefield advantage in Ukraine.

His inauguration included a church service in which he was blessed by the leader of the Russian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Kirill I, who expressed hope that the president would remain in power until “the end of the century.”

According to the Levada Center, an independent polling institution, about 75 percent of Russians profess support for their army’s actions in Ukraine. (About a quarter of the population is against the war, the poll and other research shows, but protests are effectively banned, and repression is so intense that many people are afraid to acknowledge or share antiwar or anti-government content online).

Thousands who fled Russia have returned. Their lives have adapted to the new normal, and have actually changed less than those in the West might expect.

“It’s what, the 13th package of sanctions they’re making?” Ivan said, laughing. “So far, we don’t feel anything.”

Robots built by Yandex, Russia’s homegrown version of Google, can be seen traversing Moscow’s sidewalks making deliveries. Inflation is under control, at least for now. According to a report last month by Forbes, the number of billionaires in Moscow — measured in U.S. dollars — increased so much that the city moved up four spots in the global rankings, behind only New York City.

“Most of the brands that allegedly left Russia have not gone anywhere,” said Andrei, adding that he and his daughter planned to have lunch at a rebranded K.F.C. What had changed, he said, was that “the consolidation of society has taken place” over the rationale for the war, as well as the conservative social values Mr. Putin is pushing.

Mr. Putin and others trumpeted that apparent cohesion when the official results of his preordained election victory in March were announced, with a record 88 percent of the vote going to the incumbent, a figure that Western democracies decried as a sham.

“Russia is such a complicated, multiethnic country that to understand it and govern it, you need more than one term,” said Oleg V. Panchurin, 32, a veteran of the war in Ukraine.

“If it’s going to be President Putin, then I would be happy if he served 10 terms,” said Mr. Panchurin, who said had been recently wounded near Zaporizhzhia by a Ukrainian drone.

Some civilians who were interviewed said they were pleased the president had taken a hard-line conservative position promoting traditional family values.

Zhenya, 36, and his girlfriend, Masha, expressed gratitude that the government had “finally handled the L.G.B.T.Q. issue” — by banning what it called the “L.G.B.T.Q. movement.” The pair were attending a 1940s-themed Victory Day celebration in a park in central Moscow where participants fox-trotted and waltzed as a live military band played.

With no one who could credibly replace him, the prospect that Mr. Putin will stay in power as long as he is alive feels increasingly possible to ordinary Russians, said Andrei Kolesnikov, a Moscow-based senior fellow at the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center.

“Everyone understands that this is for a long time,” he said. “The longer he is in power, the more apprehension there is about who will be next, who will be worse.”

“We are moving closer to a scenario where we could see the effect of Stalin, when, after his death, people were crying, because people didn’t know how to live,” Mr. Kolesnikov added.

Russians who oppose the government say they increasingly fear that they will have to wait for Mr. Putin’s death for anything to change.

“I feel a very strong sense of hopelessness,” said Yulia, 48, a teacher who was visiting the grave of Aleksei A. Navalny, the opposition politician, in southeast Moscow. Mr. Navalny, who died in prison in an Arctic penal colony in February, had long been considered the only possible challenger to Mr. Putin. Yulia declined to use her last name out of fear of possible repercussions.

“I don’t see a way out of this,” she said.

Yulia’s son, Pavel, said, “We are sure that everything depends on the death of person in a certain place.” His mother shushed him, noticing the uniformed Russian National Guard forces that stood nearby; even in death, Mr. Navalny is still monitored closely by the government. Still, there was a steady stream of visitors to the grave.

On the other side of Moscow, mourners were still coming to show their respects to the 145 victims of the March 22 terrorist attack at Crocus City Hall, one of the deadliest in Europe in the past decade. Floral wreaths, plush toys and photos of the victims were placed near the destroyed concert hall.

The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack, and American officials have blamed Islamic State Khorasan Province, or ISIS-K , a branch of the group. Even so, the Kremlin has sought to cast blame on Ukraine and the West.

One woman who declined to give her name said she was sure the West was behind it — despite the fact that the United States had warned Moscow of an imminent attack . According to the Levada Center, half of those polled believe Ukraine was behind the attack, with almost 40 percent saying Western intelligence services were involved.

Vladimir, 26, who was visiting the improvised memorial for the first time, said he didn’t blame the Kremlin for failing to heed the warnings.

“I want the terrorists to be destroyed,” said Vladimir, a supermarket employee. But the president, he said, was doing a great job. “He works so hard.”

“ May God keep him alive and healthy,” he said. “If, God forbid, Putin dies, what will happen to our country?”

Anastasia Kharchenko contributed reporting from Moscow and Alina Lobzina from London.

Valerie Hopkins covers the war in Ukraine and how the conflict is changing Russia, Ukraine, Europe and the United States. She is based in Moscow. More about Valerie Hopkins

Our Coverage of the War in Ukraine

News and Analysis

Ukraine asked the Biden administration to provide more intelligence  on the position of Russian forces and military targets inside Russia, according to U.S. and Ukrainian officials.

President Volodymyr Zelensky signed into law a bill allowing some Ukrainian convicts to serve  in the country’s military in exchange for the possibility of parole at the end of their service, a move that highlights Kyiv’s desperate attempts to replenish its forces.

NATO allies are inching closer to sending troops into Ukraine to train Ukrainian forces . The move would be another blurring of a previous red line and could draw the United States and Europe more directly into the war.

World’s Nuclear Inspector: Rafael Grossi took over the International Atomic Energy Agency five years ago at what now seems like a far less fraught moment. With atomic fears everywhere, the inspector is edging toward mediator .

Frozen Russian Assets: As much as $300 billion in frozen Russian assets is piling up profits and interest income by the day. Now, Ukraine’s allies are considering how to use those gains to aid Kyiv .

Rebuilding Ukrainian Villages: The people of the Kherson region have slowly rebuilt their livelihoods since Ukraine’s military forced out Russian troops. Now they are bracing for another Russian attack .

How We Verify Our Reporting

Our team of visual journalists analyzes satellite images, photographs , videos and radio transmissions  to independently confirm troop movements and other details.

We monitor and authenticate reports on social media, corroborating these with eyewitness accounts and interviews. Read more about our reporting efforts .

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Ukraine says it has checked Russia’s offensive in a key town, but Moscow says it will keep pushing

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Ukrainian units locked in street battles with the Kremlin’s forces in a key northeastern Ukraine town have halted the Russian advance, military officials in Kyiv claimed Thursday, though a senior Moscow official said the frontline push had enough resources to keep going.

Russian attempts to establish a foothold in the town of Vovchansk, which is among the largest towns in Ukraine’s northeastern Kharkiv region with a prewar population of 17,000, “have been foiled,” Ukraine’s general staff said in a midday report.

It was not possible to independently verify the claim.

Six people were injured Thursday in one Russian daylight attack on Vovchansk using cluster munitions, local officials said, as emergency workers and volunteers were rescuing people affected by shelling. Among the injured were two medics.

Ukrainian authorities have evacuated some 8,000 civilians from the town. The Russian army’s usual tactic is to reduce towns and villages to ruins with aerial strikes before its units move in.

Vovchansk, located just 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the Russian border, has been a hotspot in the fighting in recent days. Russia launched an offensive in the Kharkiv area late last week, significantly adding to the pressure on Ukraine’s outnumbered and outgunned forces which are waiting for delayed deliveries of crucial weapons and ammunition from Western partners.

Russia has also been testing defenses at other points along the roughly 1,000-kilometer (620-mile) front line snaking from north to south through eastern Ukraine. That line has barely changed over the past 18 months in what became a war of attrition. Recent Russian attacks have come in the eastern Donetsk region, as well as the Chernihiv and Sumy regions in the north and in the southern Zaporizhzhia region. The apparent aim is to stretch depleted Ukrainian resources and exploit weaknesses.

NATO’s top military officer believes that Russia’s armed forces are incapable of any major advance.

“The Russians don’t have the numbers necessary to do a strategic breakthrough, we don’t believe,” U.S. General Christopher Cavoli – NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Europe – told reporters after a meeting of the organization’s top military brass in Brussels.

“More to the point, they don’t have the skill and the capability to do it; to operate at the scale necessary to exploit any breakthrough to strategic advantage,” Cavoli said.

Asked whether Russia might be about to launch its anticipated summer offensive early, Cavoli said “we can never be sure,” but he added that “what we don’t see is large numbers of reserves being generated some place” which would be needed for any such offensive.

Ukraine has repeatedly tried to strike behind Russian lines, often using drones though Russia’s response to the new technology used in unmanned vehicles has improved in recent months.

Russian naval aircraft Thursday destroyed 11 Ukrainian sea drones heading towards annexed Crimea in the western Black Sea, Russia’s Defense Ministry said, according to state news agency TASS.

Kyiv made no comment.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy met with his top military commanders in Kharkiv on Thursday and said the region “is generally under control.” However, he acknowledged on social media that the situation is “extremely difficult” and said Ukraine was again strengthening its units in Kharkiv. Zelenskyy also met with wounded soldiers and handed out medals.

“We clearly see how the occupier is trying to distract our forces and make our combat work less concentrated,” he said in his nightly video address Wednesday.

Former Russian defense minister and now the head of the presidential Security Council Sergei Shoigu insisted Russian troops are pushing the offensive in many directions and that “it’s going quite well.”

“I hope we will keep advancing. We have certain reserves for the purpose, in personnel, equipment and munitions,” he said in televised remarks.

The Institute for the Study of War, a Washington-based think tank, calculated that Russian forces attacking in Kharkiv have advanced no more than 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the shared border.

It reckons Moscow’s main aim in Kharkiv is to create a “buffer zone” that will prevent Ukrainian cross-border strikes on Russia’s neighboring Belgorod region.

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken , in a two-day visit to Kyiv this week, sought to reassure Ukraine of continuing American support. He announced a $2 billion arms deal, with most of the money coming from a package approved last month.

Ukrainian officials say their needs are urgent, and Western partners have vowed to expedite deliveries of military hardware.

Denmark is donating an extra 5.6 billion kroner ($814 million) to Ukraine, Danish Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen said Thursday, with half going to air defense systems.

Meanwhile, Russian President Vladimir Putin sought to consolidate ties with China with an official visit to Beijing .

China has backed Russia diplomatically over its invasion of Ukraine and is now an important export market for Russian oil and gas. Moscow also has turned to Beijing for high-tech products.

Samya Kullab in Kyiv, Ukraine, Lorne Cook in Brussels and Jan M. Olsen in Copenhagen contributed.

Follow AP’s coverage of the war in Ukraine at https://apnews.com/hub/russia-ukraine

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