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How to Apply for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding, & FAQs

If you’re considering advancing your academic journey with a PhD and have a passion for conducting research in your field, Germany could be an excellent destination for you. With its top-tier universities, exciting research opportunities, financial support, and diverse culture, Germany stands out as an excellent choice for PhD studies.

These are the main steps to doing a PhD in Germany:

Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor

Decide Between Individual and Structured PhD Programs
Meet All Requirements & Prepare Your Application

Apply for Doctoral Studies

Secure funding, get a student visa or resident permit, arrive in germany and begin your phd program, why pursue a phd in germany.

Here are some compelling reasons to pursue a PhD in Germany:

Top universities. Germany boasts four universities ranked in the top 100 globally, offering access to world-class education and research facilities.
International student community. Germany welcomes a diverse and thriving international student community, with over 458,210 international students studying across the country.
Abundant research institutions. Germany’s 1,000+ publicly funded research institutions, spanning universities, applied sciences, research institutes, businesses, and government bodies, offer countless opportunities for collaboration and networking.
Investment in research and development. Germany’s commitment to research and development is evident through its increasing expenditure, which reached a record high of 112.6 billion euros in 2021.
Strong economy. Germany is known for its robust and stable economy, offering potential career opportunities in academia, industry, and research sectors after completing your PhD.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany

Below, you will find all the steps you need to take, from discovering your perfect program to submitting your application and commencing your PhD adventure in Germany.

To start your PhD in Germany, define your research focus by considering your interests and academic background. Explore resources, attend conferences, and connect with professors. Use online sources, engage with academic communities, and seek advice from current PhD students for insights into the research scene.

If you’re already clear about your research direction, it’s time to search for suitable programs. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) provides a comprehensive database of current opportunities, which you can explore at the DAAD PhD Database . Additionally, consider researching universities in Germany individually to understand what each institution offers in terms of research and programs.

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You will also have to find a supervisor. One way to do so is by visiting university websites to find faculty directories with profiles of professors and their research interests. Contact professors whose work aligns with your research interests, express your interest and inquire about supervision opportunities.

> You can search PhD programs using the GERiT database , which features over 31,000 research institutions.

Types of PhD Programs in Germany

Before you start searching for a PhD program, it’s essential to understand that in Germany, there are two different paths you can take when pursuing a PhD, each with its own set of advantages and opportunities.

Individual PhD Programs

An individual doctorate program is considered the more common and traditional PhD route in Germany. It is a flexible and self-directed path to earning a doctoral degree, particularly in fields like humanities and social sciences. You take the initiative to find a supervisor (called “Doktorvater” or “Doktormutter”) for your research project and often suggest your research topic.

There’s no fixed curriculum, giving you the freedom to set your research timeline and choose coursework. This approach requires self-discipline and active networking, including participation in doctoral candidate meetings and research events.

Structured PhD Programs

Structured PhD programs in Germany offer a clear path to a PhD degree, typically lasting three to five years. Unlike individual doctorate studies, they include a curriculum, research proposal submission that has to fit an existing program, and a set timeline for coursework and research.

Candidates benefit from advisor supervision and are encouraged to collaborate across disciplines, making structured programs ideal if you’re seeking a guided and comprehensive doctoral experience.

Ensure You Meet All Requirements & Prepare the Application

The requirements and application documents for a PhD in Germany can vary depending on your chosen institution and research area. However, as a general guideline, you should prepare the following:

Academic degree recognized in Germany. Typically, you’ll need a master’s degree or a German state examination (Staatsexamen) to qualify for a PhD program.
Copy of master’s thesis. Provide a copy of your master’s thesis, showcasing your research skills and the depth of your academic work.
Research proposal. Craft a clear and comprehensive research proposal outlining your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance.
Statement of purpose. Write a statement of purpose explaining why you wish to pursue a PhD in your chosen field, your academic and career goals, and how this program aligns with your aspirations.
Curriculum Vitae (CV). Prepare a detailed CV highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, relevant coursework, publications, and any other qualifications.
Proof of language proficiency. Depending on the language of instruction (usually German or English), you may have to provide proof of language proficiency. You can do this with certificates like TestDaF, DSH, TOEFL, IELTS, or proof of previous studies in the language.
Academic references. You may need to provide contact information or recommendation letters from professors or academic advisors confirming your academic abilities and research potential.
Predoctoral examination. Some programs may require you to pass a predoctoral examination as part of the application process.

Once you’ve found a suitable PhD program and a mentor, and your academic qualifications are recognized in Germany, you can start your application. Depending on the university or research institute, you can apply online or by post, so it’s essential to check their specific requirements. Keep in mind that admission committees are selective and may conduct interviews to admit the best candidates.

Securing funding is a crucial step when preparing for a PhD in Germany. To meet visa requirements and stay in the country, you must demonstrate access to a minimum of €934 per month, totaling €11,208 annually. This proof can be provided through an admission agreement or relevant contract, or you can open a blocked account with individual funds.

There are various ways to financially support yourself while pursuing a PhD in Germany:

PhD scholarships. DAAD offers the highest number of doctoral scholarships. PhD students get an average monthly stipend of €1,139.
Paid PhD positions. Many universities and research institutions offer paid PhD positions in Germany. You will have a contract and work on specific research projects while receiving a salary.
Research associate positions. You can also work as a research associate in a university, research institution, or company and receive a salary as compensation.
Part-time jobs. Some PhD students/researchers work part-time jobs that are not related to their studies to secure additional income.

> Read more about the costs associated with studying in Germany.

> Explore scholarship opportunities.

Once your acceptance into the PhD program is confirmed by the university or institution, you can begin the process of applying for a student visa or residence permit. The PhD visa or permit requirements for Germany can vary depending on your nationality and individual circumstances:

Visa Requirements

Citizens of the EU, the European Economic Area (EEA), and Switzerland do not need any special permit or visa to pursue a PhD in Germany. They can research and work with just a valid passport or ID card.

For international researchers who are not citizens of the EU, EEA, or Switzerland, a visa will be required to work as a researcher in Germany.

The type of visa you need depends on your specific situation:

Study visa. If you’re pursuing a full-time doctoral program, you may apply for a student visa.
Research visa. If your focus is on research and you have a formal affiliation with a research institution in Germany, you can apply for a research visa.
EU Blue Card. If your PhD offer includes a gross annual salary of at least €45,300 (or €41,041.80 in certain professions), you may be eligible for an EU Blue Card, which is a special residence title for international academics.

Residence Permit Requirements

Once you arrive in Germany, you’ll need to apply for a residence permit based on the visa you have:

Study permit. If you’re accepted into a PhD program at a German university, you can get a study-based residence permit for up to two years, extendable.
Research permit. If you’re a researcher with the right qualifications for doctoral programs, you can get a research permit for Germany. This requires a contract with a research institution for your project.
EU Blue Card. You may be eligible for the EU Blue Card, which is for foreign academics and qualified workers in Germany. To get it through a PhD offer, your salary should be at least €45,300 per year, or €41,041.80 for certain bottleneck professions .

*Note that nationals of certain countries , including the United States, Australia, Israel, Japan, and Korea, who are not required to obtain a visa, must still apply for a residence permit.

> For more specific information tailored to your situation, we recommend contacting the German embassy or consulate in your home country. You can also use this visa navigator.

Arriving in Germany and commencing your PhD program is an exciting step, but there are certain formalities you need to take care of. The international office at the university or a representative can guide you, however here are the main things to take care of once you’re in the country:

Register Your Residence

Shortly after your arrival, you must register your residence at the local registration office (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). This is mandatory, and you typically have a window of two weeks to complete this process.

Obtain Health Insurance

Everyone in Germany, including international PhD students, is obligated by law to have health insurance coverage . The type of health insurance you are eligible for depends on the source of your funding:

Doctoral candidates with an employment contract are typically insured automatically with a state-regulated health insurance provider (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung -GKV)
Doctoral candidates without an employment contract (with a fellowship or private funding) may choose between:
Voluntary health insurance coverage with a state-regulated provider.
Coverage with a private health insurance company.

Some exceptions allow you to retain your insurance from your home country, such as students from a European Union (EU) country or other countries with social security agreements with Germany.

Open a Bank Account

It’s advisable to open a German bank account as soon as possible. Many financial transactions in Germany, including receiving your stipend or salary, are typically done through a German bank account.

Enrollment at University

If your PhD program requires enrollment at a university, you’ll need to complete this step. Submit the necessary documents to the university’s enrollment office, which may include your admission letter, passport, proof of health insurance, and proof of financial means.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There’s a lot to think about when you’re considering pursuing a PhD, especially if it’s in a foreign country. We’re sure you’ve got more questions, and we’re here to help.

What Is the Duration of a PhD Program in Germany?

In general, a PhD program in Germany typically lasts between three to six years.

The duration of a PhD program in Germany can vary depending on several factors, including the university, the subject area, and individual progress.

Are PhD Programs in Germany Tuition-Free?

Most PhD programs in Germany are tuition-free, at least for the first six semesters. However, if you are enrolled at a university, you will need to cover a semester fee. This can vary depending on the university but usually falls within the range of €100 to €350.

Is Knowing German Mandatory to Pursue a PhD in Germany?

Knowing German is not always mandatory to pursue a PhD in Germany. Many German universities offer PhD programs in English, especially in fields like science, engineering, and the humanities. In such programs, you can write your thesis and communicate with professors and peers in English.

However, language requirements differ by university and department. If your program is in German, you might need to prove your proficiency. Knowing German can also be helpful for daily life and integration if you’re living in Germany.

Will I Get a PhD Salary in Germany?

PhD candidates in Germany, whether affiliated with universities, research institutions, or companies collaborating with them, typically receive financial support in the form of a salary or grant.

The majority of doctoral positions are structured under the TV-L (Tarifvertrag im Öffentlichen Dienst) salary scale, often falling within the TV-L 13 category, with a salary range spanning from €4,188 (Tier 1) to €6,037 (Tier 6).

Salaries are typically determined based on a wage agreement that specifies the contract tier (Stufe) and working hours (percentage-based). Many entry-level PhD students start with tier 1 contracts that are not full-time. For example, if your contract places you in Pay Group E-13 Tier 1 of the TV-L and you work at 75% capacity, your monthly gross salary will be €3,141.

Can I Work While Pursuing a PhD in Germany?

It’s generally allowed for PhD students in Germany to have part-time jobs to cover living expenses. However, the rules and expectations can vary depending on your supervisor, field of study, and specific circumstances.

While part-time work is an option, keep in mind that pursuing a PhD can be quite demanding, often requiring long hours of research and study. It’s essential to find the right balance between work and your academic commitments. Additionally, make sure to be aware of any legal and contractual obligations related to your employment while studying for your PhD.

What Is the Process for Defending a PhD Thesis in Germany?

In Germany, defending your PhD thesis involves several steps. You start by submitting your thesis and necessary documents, making sure they meet all the formal requirements. A commission is formed, and you may have the opportunity to suggest reviewers.

Then, you will have to prepare and undergo an oral defense, which can be either public or private and typically lasts between 30 minutes to 2 hours. During this, you present your research and discuss it with the committee.

The outcome of this discussion determines your final grade, which you receive after the defense. If everything goes well, you’re granted the Ph.D. title and have about two years to publish your dissertation.

What Are the Career Prospects After Completing a PhD in Germany?

After completing a PhD in Germany, career prospects are promising. Graduates often find opportunities in academia as professors or researchers or in various industries, including technology, healthcare, and finance. Germany’s strong economy and research-oriented environment make it an attractive place for career development.

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Doctoral studies
Admission with an FH degree possible
Admission with a Bachelor's degree possible
in english possible
in other foreign language possible
Collaborative dissertation (groupwork) possible
Cumulative possible
Doctoral Studies
Preparing for a doctoral degree
Admission requirements

Admission requirements for doctoral degrees

If you hold a university degree then you already have the most important prerequisite for embarking on a doctoral programme. Your intended doctoral project should usually be linked to your degree subject. You will usually have to meet other criteria too, for example evidence of an above-average mark in your final exams or very good language skills. The prerequisites for admission to a doctoral programme will be explained in the doctoral regulations of the institution in question.

Admission requirements depend on the degree you obtained

If you have a degree from a German institution , the admission requirements will largely depend on the degree you obtained from a university, a college of the arts, or a university of applied sciences.

Under certain conditions you can also enrol on a doctoral programme at a German university if you have a degree from a foreign institution. Universities decide at their own discretion whether to recognise international degrees .

[Translate to English:] Studierende des KIT (Foto: Andrea Fabry/Karlsruher Institut für Technologie)

German degrees

If you have a German master's degree, Magister, Diplom or Staatsexamen, you are entitled to enrol on a doctoral programme.

[Translate to English:] international Studierende an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (Foto: Universität Tübingen)

Foreign degrees

Under certain conditions you can enrol on a doctoral programme at a German university if you have a degree from a foreign institution.

Exceptionally qualified holders of a bachelor's degree can also be accepted for doctoral programmes under certain conditions. Most universities offer a fast-track option which allows you to obtain a master's degree at the same time as your doctoral degree. Each university defines its own criteria for the level of qualification needed.

There are basically two types of fast-track doctoral degree. At some universities, doctoral candidates must complete their studies for a master's degree in parallel to their doctoral degree, in other words obtain a master's degree, while at other universities this is not mandatory.

It is advisable to choose a fast-track doctoral degree with integrated master's degree.

Cotutelle - joint doctoral degree with a foreign institution

It is also possible to obtain a doctoral degree in international doctoral programmes or through a cooperation agreement with a foreign institution. In this case a written agreement is required in which the faculties undertake to make a joint doctoral degree possible and define the details of the joint doctoral process. The doctoral degree is awarded jointly by the participating institutions.

The individual usually receives a joint doctoral diploma from both institutions and in both languages. Instead of one joint diploma, two individual diplomas can also be issued, one from each university. The individual diplomas clearly indicate that the degree is the result of a binational doctoral process. Recipients of such a doctorate are entitled to use the German title of doctor in Germany and the foreign title of doctor in the other country. In third countries, only one of the two titles may be used. A binational doctorate does not entitle an individual to use both titles at the same time.

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PhD in Germany: The Ultimate Guide

Ph.D. in Germany is almost free, if you’ve a great academic background. Get step-by-step directions on finding and applying for a suitable PhD in Germany for indian student.

How to Study a PhD In Germany?

As in many countries, the aim of the PhD program in Germany is to work on and publish a written doctoral thesis/dissertation . PhD degree is awarded based on examination of the thesis, which must be published in journals specified by the universities, and by an oral examination of thesis presentation.here are some top reasons to study in germany .

Let’s first understand the options you would have for a PhD in Germany -

What is University System in Germany?

There are mainly two types of higher education institutions in Germany -

Universities (including Technische Universität, also called TU) are research-oriented institutions and offer a wide variety of subjects. Many of the universities also award PhD (usually called doctorate in Europe) degrees.
Fachhochschulen (University of Applied Sciences, also called FH), are practice-oriented institutions and offer course mostly in engineering, business administration, social sciences and design. They do not award doctorates.

Bachelor’s and master’s degrees awarded by both types of universities (Universities and Fachhochschulen) are legally equivalent. After completing Master’s from either of the institution, you can get admission to a PhD program at a University.

Unlike in the US, a fter an Undergraduate (Bachelor’s) degree, you can directly get enrolled for a PhD program at a University in Germany. Most US universities only requires an Undergraduate degree for admission to PhD program but all of them will require you to take additional coursework.

Germany is also home to a number of prestigious research institutions, such as EMBL. These research institutions can’t award PhD degrees but they host a large number of PhD students for the major part of their doctorates. These students are jointly-supervised by a professor in a university (in Germany or abroad) from which the PhD will be awarded.

What are Types of PhDs in Germany?

Following are the two types of PhDs in Germany:

The traditional approach with Individual Doctorate

Under traditional approach, you need to identify a supervisor at a German university who is willing to guide for your research.

You get lots of flexibility in terms of no compulsory attendance, deadlines and curriculum . As you would largely be working independently, you are expected to work hard and demonstrate more personal initiative and responsibility.

In addition to conducting research work at a university, you could also complete a project at a non-university research organization or at a German company in the industrial sector.

The average length of this kind of PhD is 3 to 5 years.

* Structured Programs with Doctorate in a Team of Researchers

Under structural program,

First , your research proposal have to fit within existing PhD programs, unlike Individual Doctorate, in which your PhD can be more freely structured to suit your research project.
Second , you work as part of a group of doctoral students and all are guided by a group of supervisors.

There are over 700 programs of this nature available in Germany, often with an international make-up, with English as the team language.

The majority of doctoral candidates still complete a traditional doctorate. However, in recent years, a large number of students are choosing structured program, especially in the natural sciences and mathematics.

Is PhD in Germany for Free?

Almost! There is no tuition fee for PhD program in Germany.

However, you will be asked to pay small administrative fee in the range of €50 – €250, which is to cover service costs such as student governance and services, public transport etc. In addition, you will also have to take health insurance.

So your main cost for a PhD in Germany is you living expenses.

An average student in Germany needs about €820 (US$921) per month to cover living expenses, including rent, food, clothing, transportation, working materials, recreation and other costs.

How to fund a PhD in Germany?

You have various ways to raise money including by teaching appointments, grants, scholarships and part-time jobs.

Under traditional approach of PhD, your supervisor may nominate you for a grant, for example from the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (German National Academic Foundation).

Depending on the subject, there are also numerous organizations in Germany that award individual grants. These include Federal states, foundations, religious organizations or foundations associated with political parties. Funding periods and eligibility criteria will vary but may include allowances for language course, families with children as well as research travel costs.

To get part-time work work, as an international student, please ensure that your residence permit allows you to take paid work. Also, you will be limited to working up to 190 full days or 240 half days per year before you must apply for a work permit.

Under structured program, you also need to include an application for funding in your PhD application. If you are accepted for a PhD, you can expect a monthly allowance of €1,000 – €1,400, which is sufficient to meet your living expenses.

What are the entry requirements?

Entry requirements will vary between universities and PhD programs. In general, you are expected to have a great higher education degree , which is equivalent to a German master’s degree along with a high GPA. Many of our successful students have a GPA of above 75%.

Each university is responsible for decisions on the admission of doctoral students and the accreditation of qualifications.

Some universities may ask for proof of English language proficiency , for example by requesting TOEFL or IELTS scores, while universities will ask for very good German language skills if your thesis is to be written in German.

How to apply for a PhD in Germany?

You need to apply to individual institution. Following are the general steps that you should follow:

Find a supervisor or a structured program

Traditional PhD: You will need to find a suitable professor who is willing to be your supervisor. You may be able to find a supervisor through contacts from your own university, or by searching for institutes and research centers or teams which relate to your area of interest. Here are some websites that you can use to find a suitable supervisor: DAAD, PhD Germany, Hochschulkompass.de and academics.de.

You should directly reach-out to potential supervisors in your area of research interest. You should send a brief and well-structured outline of your PhD proposal along with your academic background and CV. This process takes time and you should allow plenty of time before intended start date of your PhD.

Structured PhD - You should identify universities in your research area and contact them directly. Use the reference websites mentioned above to find appropriate universities. You would be required to complete the application procedure, as instructed on their websites and within the application deadline.

Admission procedures

Once you have a letter of acceptance from your supervisor or a confirmation of admission for a structured program, you should apply for formal admissions .

These vary depending on the institution. At this stage, the relevant department or doctoral committee must confirm your eligibility as a doctoral candidate. This usually involves completing an application that includes a statement by your doctoral supervisor, certified copies of certificates and the university degree that entitles you to engage in doctoral study.

Your application may also include an English or German language test result, if applicable. The Student Office of your chosen university will review these documents and grant permission for you to commence doctoral studies.

Next comes enrolment after a university accepts your application . Some universities may not require you to officially enroll at university. You an find about this requirement in the doctoral regulations of your university’s official website.

Enrolling secures you a better legal status as an international student. So try to get it done. You must also make sure your Master’s degree is recognized, obtain a residence permit and/or student visa, and ensure you have adequate finances for your stay.

Do I need to speak German?

You don’t need to be able to speak German for your PhD. For Individual PhD, your thesis can often be written in English, whereas for Structured PhD, you re allowed to complete your doctorate in English.

However, you will have much better academic experience, student life and access to projects, internships and part-time jobs if you can speak German language. It’s not difficult. Couple of hours every week for 4-6 months should get you speak a decent level of German language. So please make some effort and start learning German language.

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PhD without a Master’s Degree? Exploring Direct PhD Programs

Introduction

What is a direct phd program.

Pros of Doing a PhD Without a Master's Degree
Cons of Doing a PhD Without a Master's Degree
Fields in Which it is More Common to Enter a PhD Program Without a Master's Degree
Fields in Which a Master's Degree is Often Required for Admission to a PhD Program
How to Apply for a PhD Program Without a Master's Degree
Examples of Successful PhD students who did not have a Master's Degree
Top Universities Offering PhD without Master's Degree

Direct PhD Programmes in United States:

Direct phd programmes in europe:, direct phd programmes in australia:, direct phd programmes in asia:.

During my teaching years at a premier Engineering institute in India, I encountered an intriguing case that shed light on the possibility of pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree.

One day, a former student reached out to me with exciting news. She had successfully cleared the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), a qualifying exam for admission to postgraduate programs. Even more surprising was her plan to directly join the PhD program at the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi.

Initially, I found this puzzling—how could one step into a PhD without completing a master’s degree? It turned out that such programs do indeed exist at IITs and other esteemed institutions in India and abroad.

Intrigued by this revelation, I delved deeper into the details and later shared this valuable information with many students. Little did I know that this piece of knowledge would significantly benefit aspiring scholars aiming for a direct PhD path.

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest level of academic degree that one can achieve in many fields. It typically involves several years of intensive research and coursework in a specialized area and completing a dissertation that makes an original contribution to the field. A PhD can lead to many career opportunities, including positions in academia, industry, and government.

The traditional path to a PhD usually involves completing a bachelor’s degree in a related field, followed by a master’s degree before starting the PhD program. The bachelor’s degree provides a broad foundation in the field, while the master’s degree provides more specialized training and research experience that prepares students for the rigours of a PhD program.

However, some students may wonder whether it is possible to skip the master’s degree and go straight into a PhD program. This can be an attractive option for students who want to save time and money, or who have extensive research experience that makes them well-prepared for a PhD program.

In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of doing a PhD without a master’s degree, as well as some examples of successful PhD students who took this route.

A direct PhD program, sometimes referred to as an integrated or combined PhD program, is a doctoral-level academic program that allows students to pursue a PhD degree without first obtaining a master’s degree.

In traditional PhD programs, students typically complete a master’s degree before embarking on their doctoral studies. However, in a direct PhD program, students are admitted directly into the PhD program after completing their undergraduate studies.

Direct PhD programs are often structured to be more streamlined, allowing students to move directly into advanced research and coursework related to their field of study. These programs are typically designed for highly motivated and academically strong students who demonstrate exceptional potential for research and scholarly work.

The specific structure and requirements of direct PhD programs can vary depending on the university and the field of study. In some cases, students may be required to complete additional coursework or examinations to ensure they have the necessary background knowledge and skills for doctoral-level research. However, the overall goal of these programs is to accelerate the process of earning a PhD by allowing students to begin their doctoral studies earlier in their academic career.

Pros and Cons of Doing a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

While it is possible to pursue a PhD without completing a master’s degree, there are several potential advantages and disadvantages to consider.

Pros of Doing a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

Saving time and money: Completing a master’s degree can add two or more years to the time it takes to earn a PhD, as well as significant tuition costs. Skipping the master’s degree can allow students to complete their PhD more quickly and with fewer expenses.
Gaining more research experience: Some students may already have extensive research experience, either through undergraduate research opportunities or work in a related field. Skipping the master’s degree can allow these students to continue building on their research skills and contribute to the field more quickly.

Cons of Doing a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

Lack of preparation in research methodology and theory: Master’s degree programs often provide students with more specialized training in research methods and theoretical frameworks, which can be valuable preparation for a PhD program. Skipping the master’s degree can mean missing out on this preparation and potentially struggling to keep up with the demands of a PhD program.
Potential challenges in meeting admission requirements: Some PhD programs may require applicants to have a master’s degree or equivalent research experience, which can make it difficult for students who have not completed a master’s degree to be accepted into a PhD program. Additionally, some students may need to complete additional coursework or exams to meet the admission requirements for a PhD program.
A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in computer science and spent several years working in the industry as a software developer may have gained extensive research experience in a specialized area of computer science. This student may be well-prepared to pursue a PhD in computer science without completing a master’s degree.
A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in psychology and has some research experience through undergraduate research opportunities may struggle to keep up with the demands of a PhD program in psychology without completing a master’s degree that provides more specialized training in research methods and theoretical frameworks.

Fields in Which it is More Common to Enter a PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree

While it is not uncommon for students to pursue a master’s degree before starting a PhD program, there are some fields where it is more common for students to enter a PhD program directly after completing a bachelor’s degree. These fields include:

Engineering: In many engineering disciplines, it is common for students to enter PhD programs directly after completing a bachelor’s degree. This is because engineering programs often provide students with extensive research experience and specialized training in research methods and theoretical frameworks that prepare them for a PhD program.
Natural Sciences: In fields such as biology, chemistry, and physics, it is also common for students to enter PhD programs directly after completing a bachelor’s degree. This is because these fields often require extensive research experience and specialized training in laboratory techniques and scientific methods, which students can gain through undergraduate research opportunities and coursework.

In these fields, students who have completed a bachelor’s degree and have extensive research experience may be well-prepared to pursue a PhD program without completing a master’s degree. However, it is important to note that this may not be the case in other fields, such as the social sciences or humanities, where a master’s degree may be more commonly required or preferred for admission to a PhD program.

Fields in Which a Master’s Degree is Often Required for Admission to a PhD Program

While it is possible to pursue a PhD without completing a master’s degree, there are some fields where a master’s degree is often required or preferred for admission to a PhD program. These fields include:

Humanities: In fields such as history, philosophy, and literature, it is common for students to complete a master’s degree before applying to a PhD program. This is because these fields often require extensive coursework and training in research methods and theoretical frameworks, which students can gain through a master’s degree program.
Social Sciences: In fields such as psychology, sociology, and political science, a master’s degree is often required or preferred for admission to a PhD program. This is because these fields often require specialized training in research methods and statistical analysis, which students can gain through a master’s degree program.

In these fields, students who have completed a bachelor’s degree but do not have a master’s degree may find it difficult to gain admission to a PhD program. This is because PhD programs in these fields often have high admission standards and may require applicants to have completed a master’s degree or equivalent research experience.

A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in English literature and has some research experience through undergraduate research opportunities may need to complete a master’s degree in order to gain admission to a PhD program in literature. This is because PhD programs in literature often require extensive coursework and training in research methods and theoretical frameworks.
A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in psychology and has some research experience through undergraduate research opportunities may be able to apply directly to a PhD program in psychology. However, some PhD programs in psychology may require applicants to have completed a master’s degree or equivalent research experience, which could make it difficult for this student to gain admission without completing a master’s degree.

How to Apply for a PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree

While it can be challenging to gain admission to a PhD program without a master’s degree, there are some steps that students can take to increase their chances of success. These steps may include:

Demonstrating exceptional academic qualifications: Students who have completed a bachelor’s degree with exceptional grades and have a strong academic record may be more likely to be considered for admission to a PhD program without a master’s degree.
Demonstrating research potential: Students with extensive research experiences, such as through undergraduate research opportunities or independent research projects, can demonstrate their potential for success in a PhD program.
Completing additional coursework or exams: Some PhD programs may require applicants without a master’s degree to complete additional coursework or exams to demonstrate their readiness for PhD-level work. This may include completing additional courses in research methods, statistics, or theory, or taking qualifying exams to demonstrate mastery of the field.
A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in physics with exceptional grades and extensive research experience may be able to gain admission to a PhD program in physics without completing a master’s degree. This is because the student has demonstrated exceptional academic qualifications and research potential.
A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in history and has some research experience through undergraduate research opportunities may need to complete additional coursework or exams to gain admission to a PhD program in history. This is because PhD programs in history often require extensive coursework and training in research methods and theoretical frameworks, which students may not have gained through their undergraduate studies alone.

It is important for students to research the admission requirements and expectations for PhD programs in their chosen field before deciding whether to pursue a master’s degree or apply directly to a PhD program after completing their bachelor’s degree. Students may also want to reach out to professors and advisors in their field to discuss their options and receive guidance on the application process.

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Examples of Successful PhD students who did not have a Master’s Degree

While it is less common for students to enter a PhD program without a master’s degree, there are examples of successful PhD students who have done so. These students have demonstrated exceptional academic qualifications, research potential, and perseverance in their programs. Some examples of successful PhD students who did not have a master’s degree include:

Dr. Jennifer Doudna: Dr. Doudna is a biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 for her work on the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. She entered a PhD program in biochemistry at Harvard University directly after completing her bachelor’s degree at Pomona College. She completed her PhD in just four years and went on to a successful career in academia and research.
Dr. Maryam Mirzakhani: Dr. Mirzakhani was a mathematician who won the Fields Medal, often considered the highest honour in mathematics, in 2014. She completed her bachelor’s degree in mathematics in Iran and then entered a PhD program in mathematics at Harvard University without completing a master’s degree. She completed her PhD in just three years and went on to a successful career in academia and research.
Dr. David Gelernter: Dr. Gelernter is a computer scientist and artist who completed his bachelor’s degree in mathematics and classical Hebrew literature at Yale University. He then entered a PhD program in computer science at the same institution without completing a master’s degree. He completed his PhD in three years and went on to a successful career in academia and research.

These examples demonstrate that it is possible for students to succeed in PhD programs without completing a master’s degree. However, it is important to note that these students had exceptional academic qualifications, research potential, and perseverance and that their success was not guaranteed.

Students who are considering applying to PhD programs without completing a master’s degree should carefully consider their own academic qualifications and research potential and should seek guidance and support from advisors and mentors in their field.

Top Universities Offering PhD without Master’s Degree

While it is less common for universities to offer PhD programs without a master’s degree, there are some prestigious institutions around the world that do accept students into PhD programs without a master’s degree in certain fields. Here are some examples:

Harvard University, USA : Harvard’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences allows exceptional students to apply directly to their PhD programs without a master’s degree in fields such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computer science.
Stanford University, USA : Stanford’s School of Engineering offers a direct PhD program for exceptional students in fields such as electrical engineering, computer science, and mechanical engineering, without requiring a master’s degree.
University of Cambridge, UK : The University of Cambridge’s PhD programs in sciences and engineering fields may admit students without a master’s degree on a case-by-case basis, considering their qualifications and research potential.
Imperial College London, UK : Imperial College London’s PhD programs in engineering and physical sciences may admit students directly from a bachelor’s degree, based on their qualifications and potential for research.
ETH Zurich, Switzerland: ETH Zurich, a leading institution in science and engineering, may admit students into their PhD programs without a master’s degree, considering their academic achievements and research potential.
IIT Delhi, India : a leading institution in engineering, admit students into their PhD programs without a master’s degree, considering their academic achievements and research potential.

It’s important to note that the admission requirements and policies for PhD programs without a master’s degree can vary by institution and field of study and may be subject to change. It’s always recommended to thoroughly research and review the specific requirements of each institution and program you are interested in, and contact the admissions offices for up-to-date and accurate information.

Direct PhD Offered in Various Continents/Countries

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Stanford University
Harvard University
Princeton University
University of Cambridge (UK)
University College London (UK)
ETH Zurich (Switzerland)
Technical University of Munich (Germany)
University of Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Australian National University
University of Melbourne
University of Sydney
University of Queensland
Monash University
National University of Singapore
Tsinghua University (China)
University of Tokyo (Japan)
Seoul National University (South Korea)
Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) – Various campuses in India

These universities, among many others, offer direct PhD programs across a wide range of disciplines including engineering, natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, and more. It’s important to research each program carefully to understand its specific requirements, application process, and available funding opportunities.

Pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree is possible but it is less common and comes with its own set of challenges. In this article, we have discussed the pros and cons of doing a PhD without a master’s degree, fields in which it is more common to enter a PhD program without a master’s degree, and fields in which a master’s degree is often required for admission to a PhD program. We have also provided some advice on how to apply for a PhD program without a master’s degree and shared examples of successful PhD students who did not have a master’s degree.

For students who are considering pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree, it is important to carefully consider their academic qualifications and research potential. They should also seek guidance and support from advisors and mentors in their field, and consider completing additional coursework or exams to prepare for the rigors of a PhD program.

In conclusion, the decision to pursue a PhD without a master’s degree is a personal one and should be made after careful consideration of the individual’s goals, strengths, and weaknesses. We encourage readers to engage with the topic further by researching specific PhD programs and seeking advice from mentors and advisors in their field.

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PhD students

Here you find a selection of funding programmes for international PhD students by various funding organisations. For more funding opportunities please search our funding databases .

Selection of funding programmes (alphabetical order):

Collaborative Research Centres

Collaborative Research Centres offer PhD students opportunities to pursue an outstanding research programme that crosses disciplinary, institutional, departmental and faculty boundaries.

DLR-DAAD Research Fellowships

Outstanding PhD students can complete a doctorate in the fields of space, aeronautics, energy, transport, digitalisation and security at an institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR).

ERA Fellowships – Green Hydrogen

This programme provides funding for a research project or continuing academic training in the field of GH2.

Green Talents

The winners of this competition are invited to visit leading German institutions of environmental and sustainability research. Furthermore, Green Talents awardees can complete a research stay at an institution of their choice.

Individual Doctoral Projects at Fraunhofer Institutes

PhD students can complete a doctorate while working on exciting projects in cutting-edge areas of technology involving state-of-the-art equipment at a Fraunhofer institute.

Individual Doctoral Projects at Leibniz Institutes

PhD students can complete a doctorate while working in an excellent interdisciplinary research environment at a Leibniz institute.

Individual Doctoral Projects at Max Planck Institutes

PhD students can complete doctoral projects within the scope of research work conducted at a Max Planck institute.

International Max Planck Research Schools

PhD students can complete a doctorate in a structured programme offering excellent research conditions at one of the 68 International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS).

International Visiting Researchers at Max Planck Institutes

International researchers can conduct independent research at a Max Planck institute. The programme aims to strengthen cooperation and promote networking between Max Planck institutes and their international partners.

Leibniz Graduate Schools and Leibniz ScienceCampi

PhD students will find ideal conditions for completing a doctorate in a structured doctoral programme that can be pursued at either a Leibniz institute or a partner university.

Marie Skłodowska-Curie Doctoral Networks

PhD students receive structured doctoral training within these networks, which are formed jointly by different European institutions.

Max Planck Schools

The Max Planck Schools are a joint graduate programme run by German universities and research organisations. They offer ambitious bachelor’s and master’s graduates excellent conditions within a unique scientific network, and provide structured and fully funded PhD programmes in three interdisciplinary research fields: cognition, matter to life and photonics.

Munich Aerospace: PhD Scholarships

Munich Aerospace PhD scholarships allow talented young scientists to focus exclusively on the research work at hand and on attaining a timely doctoral degree.

PhD Fellowships

The Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds awards PhD Fellowships to outstanding early career researchers who wish to carry out an ambitious scientific PhD project in basic biomedical research at an internationally leading laboratory.

Research Grants – Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees/Cotutelle

The aim of this programme is to support doctoral degrees at the student’s home university with integrated research phases in Germany.

Research Grants – Doctoral Programmes in Germany

International PhD students can realise a doctoral project (individually or in a structured programme) at a state or state-recognised German university or non-university research institution.

Research Grants – One-Year Grants

International doctoral candidates can carry out research primarily as part of a doctoral project at a state or state-recognised university or non-university research institution in Germany.

Research Training Groups

Research Training Groups are set up by universities and pursue a focused research programme. They offer a structured PhD programme relating to an innovative, peer-reviewed research topic.

RISE Professional

This programme enables students in the fields of natural sciences, engineering or computer science from North America, the United Kingdom or Ireland to gain serious practical experience in a German company or research institution with strong industry ties.

Travel Grants

The Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (BIF) awards travel grants to PhD students and postdoctoral researchers from all over the world.

More information:

Search funding databases.

More funding programmes are available for international researchers. For more information you can either search the funding databases or go straight to the websites of the funding organisations.

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Choose from dozens of free online resources for german learners.

Study at a German University: Guide for International Students

Last updated on November 16, 2023

Germany is the second most attractive destination (after the UK) for international students wishing to obtain a university degree in Europe. German universities are renowned for combining studies with scientific research and are a steady source of innovations and patents. High international rankings of many German universities, free tuition, relatively low cost of living in Germany, reasonable funding opportunities including generous scholarship programmes and promising employment prospects after graduation are among the most compelling reasons that convinced 416 thousand international students to enrol at German universities in the academic year 2020-21.

If you wish to join the ranks of hundreds of thousands international university students in Germany, this one-page guide is for you. It has been compiled to help international applicants for university study in Germany answer all their most common questions regarding admission requirements, application and visa procedures, choice of study programmes, funding options and general opportunities to study at German universities. Read on to learn more.

Why Study in Germany
Who Can Study at a German University?
Language Requirements to Study in Germany
University Entrance Entitlement
Aptitude Test
Requirements for Graduate/Post-Graduate Studies in Germany
Finding Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree Programmes in Germany
Finding a Ph.D. Programme in Germany
No Admission Restriction
Local Admission Restriction
Central Admission Restriction
Applying through Uni-Assist
Application Deadlines
Applying for a Ph.D. Programme
Documents Needed for Visa Application
Documents Needed for Residence Permit
Health Insurance
Scholarships for International Students
Working while Studying in Germany
Finding Work in Germany after Graduation
Summary of Steps for Applying to Study in Germany

1. Why Study in Germany

Tuition-free education at some of the highest-ranked universities in the world
Access to cutting-edge technology and world-class research facilities in the universities-owned research centres
More than 15,000 different study courses to choose from
Hands-on education as many German universities have close links to the industry
Truly international environment as all German universities accept foreign students and offer study programmes in English
Opportunity to learn German and improve your English while studying in Germany but there is no need to learn German if you do not want to
Excellent reputation and worldwide acceptance of German university degrees
Reasonable cost of living for university students in Germany
Good funding options including scholarships for international students
No age limit for students in Master’s and PhD programmes in Germany
Possibility to work while studying in Germany
Endless opportunities to find a job and stay in Germany after graduation

2. Who Can Study at a German University?

Citizens of any country can pursue a university degree in Germany. Some will have it initially easier than others, though. EU and EFTA (European Union and European Free Trade Association) nationals do not need a visa or a residence permit to stay or study in Germany but they will have to register with local authorities (Einwohnermeldeamt) in their town like anyone else living in Germany. Likewise, citizens of many countries outside of the European Economic Area (EU + EFTA) do not need a visa to travel to Germany but they need a residence permit to study in Germany. Once admitted to the university, they can apply for a residence permit within 3 months of their entry to Germany. However, citizens from countries that need a visa to enter Germany will have to apply for a study applicant’s visa before their arrival in Germany. Once accepted to the university, this type of visa can be converted into a residence permit for study purposes.

3. Requirements to Study at a German University

Universities in Germany are autonomous and, therefore, in order to find out about exact admission requirements you will need to contact their Akademisches Auslandsamt (AAA) or International Office in English. Higher Education Compass (Hochschulkompass) will help you find contact details for the International Office at any university in Germany. The International Office staff will not only inform you about requirements, admission restrictions (numerus clausus) and application deadlines but also about applicable fees and available degree programmes. There is absolutely no discrimination, so anyone wishing to study in Germany at the university will have to meet the same admission criteria of that university.

3.1. Language Requirements to Study in Germany

Generally, many universities offer international study programmes taught in English and for these programmes German proficiency is not required. However, students coming from non-German speaking countries will need to provide proof of German language proficiency if they wish to pursue programmes taught in German. Most likely they will have to pass one of the two tests – Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang ausländischer Studienbewerber (DSH) or Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache (TestDaF). Please refer to this article for more information on language examinations for international students.

3.2. University Entrance Entitlement

An appropriate school qualification is no less important than language competency. Your school qualifications will be reviewed by the International Office staff to ensure Hochschulzugangsberechtigung (or university entrance entitlement in English). That is, for a Bachelor’s programme they will need to determine whether your high school graduate certificate corresponds to the German Abitur. In general, most school-leaving certificates from a higher education institution in the EU and EFTA country will entitle you to study at a German university. Depending on the university entrance entitlement (general or subject-specific) granted by the International Office, you will be allowed to pursue any study programme or only some specific programmes.

In fact, even if you do not possess an adequate qualification you may still be able to pursue studies at the German university. But, before you can enrol in a regular degree programme you will need to complete preparatory courses (Studienkollegs) provided by the university of your choice. Preparatory courses typically take one year. In addition, some Fachhochschulen may also require you to complete a working internship.

In some cases, school-leaving certificates of applicants from countries outside the European Economic Area (EU and EFTA) may not be accepted as readily as those from the EU and EFTA countries. Therefore, students are advised to check the anabin database (available only in German) for school qualifications in their home country that are recognized in Germany as a university entrance entitlement. Click on the tab “Suchen” and then choose your country and type of school-leaving certificate and school.

3.3 Aptitude Test

Some German universities may require international applicants for undergraduate programmes to pass the TestAS (Test für Ausländische Studierende or Test for Academic Studies in English). The aim of this test is to assess the student’s ability to study at the German university. High scores can help greatly improve your chances of being admitted.

3.4. Requirements for Graduate/Post-Graduate Studies in Germany

Regarding graduate/post-graduate studies, students who have earned a Bachelor’s or a Master’s degree from a foreign university need to get in touch with the International Office of the German university of their choice to have their degree recognized in order to be allowed to pursue Master’s or Ph.D. studies in Germany.

4. Choosing the Right University

There are over 300 public and 100 private universities in Germany, offering more than 15,000 degree programmes. German universities are classified into classical universities (Universitäten incl. Technische Universitäten), universities of applied science (Fachhochschulen), cooperative universities (Duale Hochschulen) and colleges of art and music. Unlike largely research-oriented Universitäten, Fachhochschulen are, as their name suggests, practice-oriented with strong links to the industry and do not provide Ph.D. degrees. Cooperative universities, too, are practice-biased combining study and work and specialize in dual studies . In contrast to many other parts of the world, German public universities tend to have better rankings than private ones. In the academic year 2022-23, 46 German universities are ranked among the top 1,200 universities in the world and all of them are public. See this article for a complete list of the top German universities and their highest ranked degree programmes.

4.1. Finding Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree Programmes in Germany

German universities provide plenty of degree programmes designed for international students as well as courses for exchange students staying for one or two semesters which are all taught in English. Most undergraduate foreign students begin with courses conducted in English while taking free German lessons at the university. Once their command of the German language is good enough to study in German, they continue with courses taught in German. The website of DAAD will help you find degree programmes in English . TOEFL or IELTS are generally required from non-English native speakers who wish to pursue international programmes in Germany.

International students who are seeking programmes taught in German can use the search engine of Hochschulkompass to find out about all study programmes available at German universities. Alternatively, students can also use a portal of studieren.de to search for all Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programmes offered at German universities. A useful tool for identifying highly regarded degree programmes and to see how they compare with each other are the German university rankings compiled by the German Academic Service (DAAD) in cooperation with the largest German national weekly newspaper “die Zeit”. Those who already have an idea of what programme suits them best should contact “student advisory services” at the selected university to have any specific questions regarding their chosen study programme answered.

4.2. Finding a Ph.D. Programme in Germany

The two types of doctoral studies that are offered by German universities are an individual doctorate and a structured Ph.D. programme. International students who wish to earn their Ph.D. in Germany via an “individual path” need to find a supervisor called ‘Doktorvater’ or ‘Doktormutter’ either through personal contacts or searching through the database of doctoral studies of hochschulkompass.de . At the moment, an individual doctorate (i.e., traditional form of Ph.D. studies) is still the more common option of the two chosen by three quarters of students in Germany.

Another possibility is to find a structured Ph.D. programme (alternatively check also this link ). A structured Ph.D. programme resembles those in the US, Canada or the UK where Ph.D. students form a small group and attend lectures, seminars and assessments together and are supervised by a team of professors rather than a single supervisor. Yet another useful place where to find listings of open positions in doctoral programmes in Germany is the database of the German Academic Exchange Service DAAD .

5. Application and Admission Procedure at German Universities

When applying for a degree programme at a German university you need to find out whether there are any limitations imposed. Some programmes at German universities, such as medicine, are extremely popular and thus have a limited number of places. These restricted programmes are also called numerus clausus degree programmes. Some programmes are restricted on a national level and then we speak of a central restriction whereas others are restricted only locally at a particular university.

5.1. No Admission Restriction

If no restriction is in place you can directly enrol in the programme of your choice provided you have been issued a university entrance entitlement certificate by the university’s International Office. You will need to fill in the application form and provide a copy of your university entrance entitlement certificate as well as your CV, proof of health insurance covering Germany and a photo. Please note that you will need to meet a certain deadline to be admitted.

5.2. Local Admission Restriction

For restricted degree programmes only the best applicants will be admitted. Selection criteria include the average grade as well as other factors such as assessment test results, applicant’s interview scores and specific practical experience. Applications are submitted directly to the chosen university and will be handled by the university staff.

5.3. Central Admission Restriction

The major difference between applying for a programme with central and local restriction is that for nationally restricted programmes you need to apply with the Stiftung für Hochschulzulassung (University Admissions Foundation) and not directly with the university as is the case with locally restricted programmes. Therefore, applications for nationally restricted programmes are handled centrally by the University Admissions Foundation.

5.4. Applying through Uni-Assist

If you want to apply for several degree programmes at different universities you can use the paid service of Uni-Assist which will handle all your applications for you. This service is specifically designed for international applicants. The staff at Uni-Assist will review your documents and make sure they are complete before forwarding them onto the universities you are applying to. However, please note that Uni-Assist cannot be used for applying to the University Admissions Foundation for nationally restricted programmes.

5.5. Application Deadlines

In most cases, application deadlines are the 15th of July and the 15th of January for the winter and the summer semester, respectively.

5.6. Applying for a Ph.D. Programme

The application procedure mostly depends on whether you are applying for an individual doctorate or a structured Ph.D. programme. In case of an individual doctorate, once you have found a supervising professor willing to act as your ‘Doktorvater’, you can enrol at the university provided you meet the qualification criteria (i.e., Master’s degree in your intended course of study that is equivalent to the German degree). Your suitability must be usually confirmed by the doctoral committee of the faculty department where you are going to conduct your research.

Applicants for structured Ph.D. programmes should contact the International Office of the selected university to begin standard application procedure. Just like in classical Ph.D. programmes (i.e., individual doctorates), a corresponding Master’s degree will also be required. Since most Ph.D. programmes in Germany (and structured doctoral programmes in particular) use English as the sole language of instruction and communication and the thesis is also written in English, proof of German proficiency is typically not required. For tips on how to make your application for a Ph.D. study programme successful and how to write a research proposal check out this webpage of Research in Germany .

6. Overcoming Initial Entry and Settlement Hurdles

Although there is absolutely no discrimination against anyone from anywhere at German universities, certain things are beyond their control. That is, some students, depending on their nationality, will have to deal with visa and/or residence permits. If you are not a resident of any EU or EFTA country, you will certainly need a residence permit to study in Germany. Moreover, citizens of most non-European countries (excluding the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Korea, etc.) will also need a visa before they can travel to Germany either as applicants or as prospective students. The following lines briefly explain which documents you will need to be allowed into the country and to arrange a residence permit as well as some other necessities.

6.1. Documents Needed for Visa Application

Citizens who need a visa to enter Germany will be required to submit the following documents to apply for a student visa or an applicant visa:

Passport that is valid for at least another twelve months
Confirmation of application from the German university for an applicant visa
Admission letter from the university for a student visa
University entrance entitlement for an applicant visa
Proof of adequate language skills (minimum B2)
Health insurance coverage for Germany
Proof of sufficient funds for at least one year (i.e., 11,208 Euros in blocked account as of January 1, 2023) which may also include scholarship

For more detailed information get in touch with the nearest German consulate or embassy .

6.2. Documents Needed for Residence Permit

In order to convert a student visa into a residence permit for study purposes you will need the same documents as above plus a certificate of resident registration and a rental contract but instead of the admission letter from the university you will have to submit a certificate of enrolment. Please note that if you are a citizen of a third country with visa-free entry to Germany, you also have to submit all these documents at the local aliens’ office (Ausländerbehörde) because you too need a residence permit. Residence permit for study purposes is issued for two years, so make sure your passport is valid for at least as long.

6.3. Health Insurance

Citizens of the EU and EFTA countries can use a statutory health insurance from their home country that is registered with a German statutory health insurer. Nationals of other countries may be able to use a health insurance from certain private insurers in their home country (it must cover Germany and must be accepted in Germany) or they will need to get an insurance cover from a German statutory insurer. German insurers are obliged to offer discount rates to all students under 30 years of age (in 2022, 110 Euros a month). Please note that students have to provide proof of the health insurance coverage to be allowed to enrol at a German university.

7. Cost of Studying in Germany and Financing Options

Public universities in Germany do not charge tuition fees to undergraduate students. Most public universities also waive tuition fees for graduate students, especially for consecutive Master’s programmes (building directly on a Bachelor’s degree earned in Germany). However, there is a small one-off enrolment charge (typically around 250 Euros) that becomes payable at the beginning of each semester. This amount often also includes a semester ticket that entitles the holder to a reduced rate for local public transportation. Private German universities, on the other hand, usually do charge tuition fees. However, there are a few exceptions among public universities. Since the beginning of the academic year 2017-18, the federal state of Baden-Württemberg charges the non-EU university students a tuition fee of ca 1,500 Euros per semester for all degree programmes except for PhD. The new rule applies to all public universities in this federal state (i.e., the University of Freiburg, the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, the University of Konstanz, the University of Mannheim, the University of Stuttgart, the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen and the University of Ulm).

According to DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service), the average monthly budget of a German university student in 2022 was 867 Euros (for 2023 it is estimated at 934 Euros) whereas international students in Germany can usually get by on a slightly smaller budget. The most significant and also the most variable part of this expense is rent, that is, on average 332 Euros a month in 2022. The average monthly cost of a room in a student’s dormitory is 260 Euros while a small studio can cost between 450-700 Euros a month, depending on the town and other factors (more information on the cost of living in Germany ). In addition, Ablöse (compensation for investments made by the previous tenant) and 1-3 months deposit will often be required. Since acceptance to the university does not guarantee anybody a room in a dormitory and renting a flat alone is too expensive, many students live in shared apartments (Wohngemeinschaften) to save on rent and initial investment. By doing so, they can reduce their rental expenses to around 310 Euros per month. In order to secure inexpensive accommodation in dormitories students are advised to contact their local Studentenwerk immediately after enrolment.

7.1. Scholarships for International Students

There are plenty of scholarship options for international students in Germany, both governmental and non-governmental from private foundations, to help them finance their studies. Below are the links to the most comprehensive lists of scholarship programmes available to foreign students in Germany.

DAAD : Scholarship Database
Study in DE : Study Financing & Scholarships
TopUniversities : Overview of Scholarships in Germany

7.2. Working while Studying in Germany

Students who come from countries outside of the European Economic Area (EU and EFTA) are only allowed to work part-time, that is either for 120 full days a year or 240 half-days a year (140 full days a year or 280 half-days a year from March 2024) or 20 hours a week (remember this also includes voluntary work). Still, this may help them cover part of the living costs. It goes without saying that those from the EEA countries can work full time.

8. Finding Work in Germany after Graduation

Citizens of the EEA countries (EU and EFTA) may stay and seek employment in Germany for as long as they wish just like any German national and they do not need a work permit. Other nationals, including those who normally need a visa for Germany, can extend their residence permit and stay in the country for a period of 18 months after graduation while seeking employment. If they find a job, their residence permit for study purposes will be converted into a residence permit for work. In addition, those who need a visa to enter Germany and decide to leave the country after finishing their studies can still seek employment in Germany. They will, however, need to apply for a six-month visa (a twelve-month visa from March 2024) for the purpose of job search (also known as the jobseeker’s visa) to return to Germany for job hunting. From June 2024 there will be an opportunity to apply for a so-called ‘opportunity card’ instead of the jobseeker’s visa as defined in the new Skilled Immigration Act .

9. Summary of Steps for Applying to Study in Germany

We hope this concise guide has strengthened your desire to study in Germany. To get you started here is a summary of what you need to do to apply for study at a German university:

Take up an intensive German language course
Find a German university and a study programme. You can choose more than one
Enquire about admission requirements
Do the necessary paperwork and have your school diplomas recognized in Germany
Sort out your financing (do not forget to check out scholarships options)
If you need an applicant visa, take up an insurance policy that covers Germany
Apply in due time

Germany is the home of 416 thousand international students benefiting from tuition-free education in Bachelor’s, Master’s and PhD programmes at some of the world’s most renowned universities. Why not join them and study in Germany too?

Study in Germany FAQs

Most international students in Germany agree that Germany is a great place to study and live. German university degrees are highly valued across the world and come at a cost that is affordable to most foreign students thanks to minimal university fees and reasonably low living costs. Statistics show that for international students, Germany is just after the UK the second most popular destination in Europe where to earn a university degree.

Relative to its high education standards and excellent quality of living, Germany is an inexpensive place for university students to study and live. German public universities, which are among the best in the world, charge no tuition fees while students enjoy a number of discounts. The monthly living cost of an international student in Germany in 2023 is estimated at 930 euros per month, which is less than in most other countries of Western Europe.

Since public universities in Germany charge no tuition fees, everyone can study at a German university nearly for free, no matter which country they are from. The only money the student will ever have to pay to the university is an enrollment fee at the beginning of semester, which is on average ca 250 euros, that is, 500 euros per year. One exception is the federal state of Baden-Württemberg where public universities are allowed to charge tuition fees to non-EU students of approximately 1,500 euros per semester. But, keep in mind that students from the non-EU and non-EFTA countries will have to demonstrate to immigration authorities that they are able to cover their cost of living in Germany.

Most German universities charge no tuition fees, just a small enrollment charge payable at the beginning of each semester. Hence, the cost of studying at a German university mainly consists of the rent and everyday living expenses. For 2023, the monthly budget of an international university student in Germany is estimated at 930 euros.

Yes, you can as there are plenty of international study programmes at German higher education institutions (i.e., universities) provided exclusively in English. And, just like the regular German-language programmes, many of the international study programmes are tuition-free.

Yes, you can, if you choose a tuition-free international study programme at one of the public German universities.

Germany prides itself in its high quality of education, so you can expect that graduating from a respected German university will require some effort on your part. At exams you will have to demonstrate that you understand the matter rather than just mechanically cramming the stuff from the textbook.

For many young people it certainly is worth. Higher education at public institutions in Germany is practically tuition-free for citizens of any country while the quality of education is among the best in the world. Moreover, the living standard in Germany is very high though the cost of living is affordable for most students. Scholarships and student jobs are easy to find to help finance the studies. Yet, German degrees are recognized worldwide but if a graduate of German university from a non-European country wants to start a career in Germany they can if they find a job that corresponds to their qualifications. Furthermore, foreign graduates of German universities are allowed to stay in the country for 18 months after graduation searching for a job. The chances to stay are great especially for those who earn a degree that is in high demand in Germany.

The most important requirements are a university entrance entitlement and knowledge of the German or English language at B2/C1 level. If you come from a non-EEA country you will also have to show to the immigration authorities that you have enough money to finance your stay in Germany (11,208 euros per year in 2023).

In general it is but for some study programmes C1 or even C2 proficiency level can be required.

Yes, you can as there is no age limit for admission to German universities. In fact, students who are in their late 30s or early 40s can be commonly found in Master’s and MBA programmes at German universities.

Technically you can, although it is less common than applying for two or more study programmes to different universities.

Students from the EEA countries are allowed to work full time, that is, 40 hours per week but those from the non-EEA countries can work 40 hours per week only for 6 months a year. Or in other words, students from third countries are allowed to work 120 full days or 240 half-days a year (140 full days a year or 280 half-days a year from March 2024), or 20 hours a week.

If you are a citizen of another EEA country (that is, the EU or EFTA), you can work full time while there is no limit on how much you can earn. However, university students from the so-called third countries are allowed to work only 120 full days or 240 half-days a year (140 full days a year or 280 half-days a year from March 2024) or 20 hours a week. Likewise, there is no limit on how much they are allowed to earn. But, remember that the annual tax exemption threshold for a working student in Germany in 2023 is 10,908 euros. So, if you earn more than that you will have to pay taxes and social security contributions.

Yes you can, if you find a job that corresponds to your qualification. As a matter of fact, you are allowed to stay in Germany for additional 18 months after graduation, searching for a job. Once you have found a job, your residence permit for study purposes will be converted into a residence permit for work. It goes without saying that citizens of the EU and EFTA countries are free to stay in Germany irrespective of whether they finish the university or not.

Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from respected German universities are accepted worldwide. Diplom and Magister degrees are usually accepted too but their recognition in foreign countries may not be always as straightforward as with Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees.

The university diplomas that give you the best chances to succeed in the German job market include degrees in medicine, natural sciences (e.g., biotechnology, nanotechnology) , different fields of electrical and mechanical engineering, mathematics, computer science and technology as well as nursing.

Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree.

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

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Electrochemists Wanted for Vocational Degrees

This article is part of a series of pieces on advances in sustainable battery technologies that Physics Magazine is publishing to celebrate Earth Week 2024. See also: Research News: Lithium-Ion “Traffic Jam” Behind Reduced Battery Performance ; Q&A: The Path to Making Batteries Green ; News Feature: Sodium as a Green Substitute for Lithium in Batteries .

Electric cars are growing in popularity, a trend that is increasing interest in so-called green batteries—fully recyclable batteries that have been designed and manufactured using sustainable materials and sustainable processes. Start-ups and established companies are betting big on green-battery technologies, which, because of their specialized nature, require a skilled workforce trained in electrochemistry and materials science. Often, people seeking a career in electrochemistry must complete a five-year PhD, says Paul Kempler, an electrochemist at the University of Oregon. Kempler is the director of a master’s program that gets students up to speed in as little as 15 months, while also giving them on-the-job vocational training. Physics Magazine spoke to Kempler about the program and about why he thinks this kind of training route is the way forward for myriad technology-relevant areas of science, including quantum physics and green-energy-related disciplines.

All interviews are edited for brevity and clarity.

Vocational training courses are rarely offered by physics or chemistry departments at traditional universities. Why do you think offering that kind of instruction is important?

If scientists genuinely want to train a workforce, then we need to go beyond teaching science for the sake of teaching science. The skills and knowledge a person needs to go and work in a battery start-up, for example, aren’t necessarily the same as those they need to be an academic. Of course, it’s still essential that universities offer degrees in fundamental physics and chemistry. But I think we are doing a disservice to students if we don’t also prepare them for life after university. And I’m not sure that we are doing the best we can on that front right now—we train PhD students as if they will all be academics even though we know that most of them will end up following other career paths.

Do you have an example of how a learning path is different in your course compared to a more traditional course?

Our training is tailored specifically to the interests of the student. For example, when we have a student who wants to work with fuel cells, we start by teaching them how to measure the activity of a thin film of catalyst particles. Next, we teach them how to build a fuel cell from scratch, one small enough to fit in the palm of your hand. Then we help the student get a job in a company that develops fuel-cell stacks. The science behind how the fuel cell works is just one component of the training, whereas it might be the only focus of a more traditional course.

Vocational training is all about connecting the dots. The green-battery industry is not only hiring people to sit and think about electrochemistry, it also wants people who can assemble and operate battery packs of all sizes and who understand all the bits and pieces that go into making a cell work. Those people need to be able to fix cells when they break or optimize them to improve performance.

What does the electrochemistry course at the University of Oregon involve?

It’s an intense course. The students take classes for six to nine months, and during that period they don’t have time for anything else. Then they take six-month internships, which are fully paid. The students finish the course debt free and with a complete and realistic picture of what a job in industry entails and what a PhD and career in academia might look like. About 10% of the students so far have transitioned to a PhD after their master’s degrees—and that’s great. But either way, we are very honest and upfront with the students about their career options when they start on the course.

Many institutions advertise science-based master’s programs. How is this one different?

When putting together a graduate-level program in a topic, universities tend to pick out a few relevant courses from the list that they offer to PhD students who need to get a grounding in some aspect of that topic. We took the opposite route. Shannon Boettcher, the founder of the program, sat down with a blank piece of paper and put together a syllabus that would teach someone everything they would need to know for an industry-based career in electrochemistry. We also have industrial partners who we regularly check in with to find out what they want a job candidate to know, and then we update the content of the classes accordingly.

Technology in this area is constantly and quickly evolving. We need to stay nimble—an adjective rarely associated with academia—if we want to give our students the best possible start.

So, is the electrochemistry PhD dead?

No. Vocational courses such as the electrochemistry one at Oregon won’t replace PhDs—the two paths are complementary. Industry-focused learning pathways exist in other countries but are largely absent in the US, and undergraduate courses often miss the specific technical knowledge someone might need to transition to an industry job. In many fields, there is a huge need for scientists with specialized knowledge and training who, when they start a job, can hit the ground running. Battery technology is one of those fields. And the need is only going to get bigger as the world transitions from fossil fuels to renewable energies.

–Katherine Wright

Katherine Wright is the Deputy Editor of Physics Magazine .

Subject Areas

Sodium as a Green Substitute for Lithium in Batteries

Interest in developing batteries based on sodium has recently spiked because of concerns over the sustainability of lithium, which is found in most laptop and electric vehicle batteries. Read More »

Lithium-Ion “Traffic Jam” Behind Reduced Battery Performance

Real-time in situ x-ray observations of new nickel-rich lithium-ion batteries reveal that reduced performance comes from lithium ions getting trapped in the cathode. Read More »

Testing a New Solar Sandwich

By combining the world’s oldest photovoltaic material with today’s most used one, researchers have taken a step toward next-generation solar devices. Read More »

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PhD In Germany
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COMMENTS

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding, & FAQs
Academic degree recognized in Germany. Typically, you'll need a master's degree or a German state examination (Staatsexamen) to qualify for a PhD program. Copy of master's thesis. Provide a copy of your master's thesis, showcasing your research skills and the depth of your academic work. Research proposal.
How to Study a PhD in Germany
Beyond this, you may be required to pay fees. However, as with all levels of study in Germany, PhD students are also required to make a semester contribution of between €150 to €200 (~US$175-230) for administration and other costs. This means that your main expenses will be the general costs of living in Germany.
PhD Studies & Research
PhD Studies & Research. Science and research in Germany are characterised by a distinguished infrastructure, a wide variety of disciplines, well-equipped research facilities and competent staff. Germany offers various career opportunities for international PhD students and researchers. Discover Germany's top-tier PhD programs and research scene ...
Can You Get a PhD without a Master's? Yes, but Here's Why You Shouldn't
It's almost a sure pass to a doctoral programme. 3. A Master's is the only way to a PhD in a new field. It does not matter where you want to pursue a PhD, if you don't have the right academic background in a connected subject area, your chances of being accepted to a PhD are little to zero. So, if you want to change careers and pursue a ...
masters
25. Essentially, you cannot start a PhD program without a master's degree in Germany. Some programs feature a dual-degree option, whereby you're admitted to a master's program as well as a PhD program. US and UK programs do basically the same thing, which is why the master's degree is not a prerequisite—you earn it, or the equivalent, along ...
PhD Study in Germany
A traditional PhD usually takes four years, compared to three years for a structured doctoral programme. The academic year in Germany is usually comprised of two semesters with the Wintersemester running from 1 October to 31 March and Sommersemester running from 1 April to 30 September.
Applying for a PhD in Germany
To study for a PhD in Germany you will generally need to have completed a minimum of eight semesters of academic study. The final qualification you obtained must be equivalent to a German Masters degree. Your previous degree/s must also be recognised by the Dean's Office (Dekanat) or Board of Examiners ( Promotionsausschuss) at your university.
Two ways to get your PhD
The "traditional" or "individual" path to a PhD remains the most common in Germany. An individual doctorate involves a thesis or dissertation that is produced under the supervision of one professor.. This form of PhD study offers a great deal of flexibility, but also demands a high degree of personal initiative and responsibility.A professor supervises a PhD student, who works on his or her ...
Find your PhD position
Finding a PhD position. PhDGermany publishes PhD openings in Germany that specifically target international applicants. Accordingly, in most cases the working language is English. Fluent knowledge of German is only required for certain special positions. PhDGermany helps you find the right PhD opening or supervisor for your doctoral thesis and ...
How to apply for a PhD
Doing a PhD in Germany (2019, 40 pages) This booklet for (prospective) international doctoral students presents the different options for doing a doctorate in Germany. It explains the formal requirements and gives some practical advice on finding the right supervisor or doctoral programme. It also outlines different sponsorship and funding options.
Admission requirements for doctoral degrees
Instead of one joint diploma, two individual diplomas can also be issued, one from each university. The individual diplomas clearly indicate that the degree is the result of a binational doctoral process. Recipients of such a doctorate are entitled to use the German title of doctor in Germany and the foreign title of doctor in the other country.
The Grad Abroad: Doing Your Ph.D. in Germany
The Grad Abroad: Doing Your Ph.D. in Germany. There is no tuition; there is very good bread. Riley Linebaugh is a Ph.D. candidate in history at Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Germany. Follow her @rileysline. In 2016, I moved to Giessen, Germany to start a Ph.D. in history. Giessen is a small university town in Hessen, a 40-minute train ...
Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD? What You Need to Know
The short answer is that it is possible to do a PhD without a Masters. The long answer is that it is dependent on your personal experience, your subject area, the duration of your PhD programme and the location, as requirements can vary by country. It's technically possible in any discipline, but much more common in STEM or vocational subjects.
PhD in Germany: Top Universities, Admissions 2024-25, Fees, Scholarships
Germany allows students to pursue doctoral programs without a masters degree. Students with a bachelors degree can directly pursue doctoral studies in Germany with satisfactory eligibility criteria. As a student, you can work for 120 full-days or 240 half days per year to earn extra pocket money. PhD in Germany Admissions
PhD in Germany: The Ultimate Manual
There is no tuition fee for PhD program in Germany. However, you will be asked to pay small administrative fee in the range of €50 - €250, which is to cover service costs such as student governance and services, public transport etc. In addition, you will also have to take health insurance.
phd
There are fast-track PhD programmes in Germany, but a bachelor degree is necessary to enroll in such. Often PhD students are payed for teaching duties 50% TV-L, engineers mostly 100% from group budget and/or external funding. But this often implies trying to use results from such external projects for the PhD thesis.
PhD without Master's Degree? Exploring Direct PhD in 2024
A direct PhD program, sometimes referred to as an integrated or combined PhD program, is a doctoral-level academic program that allows students to pursue a PhD degree without first obtaining a master's degree. In traditional PhD programs, students typically complete a master's degree before embarking on their doctoral studies.
Funding programmes
Max Planck Schools. The Max Planck Schools are a joint graduate programme run by German universities and research organisations. They offer ambitious bachelor's and master's graduates excellent conditions within a unique scientific network, and provide structured and fully funded PhD programmes in three interdisciplinary research fields: cognition, matter to life and photonics.
Ph.D in Europe without a Master's degree? : r/AskAcademia
I am 100% certain that people coming from outside of the European system, can do a PhD in France without a masters and I'll bet it's possible elsewhere too. Doctoral schools will have a phrase like si vous ne détenez pas de Master délivré par une université française avec mention assez-bien, bien ou très bien, une procédure de dispense ...
Study in Germany: Masters and PhD for International Students
7.2. Working while Studying in Germany. Students who come from countries outside of the European Economic Area (EU and EFTA) are only allowed to work part-time, that is either for 120 full days a year or 240 half-days a year (140 full days a year or 280 half-days a year from March 2024) or 20 hours a week (remember this also includes voluntary work).
Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?
To be considered for a PhD without a Master's, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non ...
Europe PhD without Masters : r/gradadmissions
Europe doesn't accept people in PhD without a master's degree for the most part, it may be different in certain countries but France and Germany don't. I know that much for a fact. Because they teach you how to write a thesis and other fundamental things in master's degree. It is also why their PhDs are on average only 3 years.
Quora
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Physics
Paul Kempler runs a master's program at the University of Oregon that provides hands-on electrochemistry training for those wanting to enter the field without them having to take a five-year-long PhD. Journals ... About 10% of the students so far have transitioned to a PhD after their master's degrees—and that's great. But either way ...