research and analysis service (ras)

#CareerBytes: How to join R&AW? Here's everything you should know

The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW or RAW) is the foreign intelligence agency of the country. Many youngsters dream of joining the premier intelligence agency as it offers prestigious jobs and a chance to serve the nation. R&AW is also considered one of the best intelligence agencies in the world. Here's everything to know about R&AW and different ways to join the agency.

A little about the country's Research and Analysis Wing

The Research and Analysis Wing, which was established in 1968, operates directly under the Prime Minister of India . Its primary objectives are gathering external intelligence, engaging in counter-terrorism activities, and advancing the strategic interests of the country on a global level. The secret intelligence agency also keeps an eye on the political/military developments in adjoining countries that impact India's security and foreign policy formulation.

How is recruitment for R&AW done?

Initially, R&AW used to recruit trained intelligence officers from the Intelligence Bureau 's external wing. However, later, it began hiring personnel from the Indian Armed Forces, police forces, Indian Revenue Service (IRS), or any government institutions. It is also believed that candidates are hired by R&AW directly from universities and colleges. R&AW is a secret agency; one cannot apply to a position in R&AW directly.

Recruitment through the Research and Analysis Services (RAS)

R&AW created its own service cadre, Research and Analysis Services (RAS), in 1983 to recruit talent from other Group A Civil Services , under the Central Staffing Scheme. Direct recruitment of Civil Services officers, who are undergoing the Foundation course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, is also done. So, qualifying the UPSC Civil Services Examination is another option to get into R&AW.

The basic eligibility criteria for getting into R&AW

In order to be eligible for R&AW, the candidates should be Indian citizens with graduation as the minimum educational qualification. They should possess education from good universities or educational institutions; also, they should know at least one foreign language.

Selected candidates are also required to undergo training

Candidates selected for R&AW are required to undergo training, basic and advanced, which lasts for a couple of years. In the basic training, they get to know about espionage, intelligence, information security, space technology, financial/economic/geostrategic analysis, etc. Under the advanced training, they are sent to Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB) and are taught about surviving various conditions, avoiding capture, managing secret operations, facing interrogation, etc.

How To Join RAW India (Research And Analysis Wing)

February 28, 2024
180 Comments
6.5K shares

Have you ever wondered how to join RAW and become part of India’s elite external intelligence agency? The Research and Analysis Wing, commonly referred to by its acronym RAW, stands as the forefront of ensuring national security, engaging in critical operations that safeguard India from external threats. Since its inception in 1968, RAW has evolved to become a pivotal player in India’s strategic interests, handling tasks that range from gathering political and military intelligence to performing anti-terror operations.

For individuals who aspire to serve their country in a capacity that transcends conventional frontiers, understanding the full form of RAW, its significant role in protecting India’s security interests, and the agency’s remarkable history, including its role in the formation of Bangladesh and its strategies during the Kargil War, is an essential first step. Raw India’s exploits resonate not just within our nation’s borders but have echoed across continents, influencing global geopolitical landscapes.

Embarking on a journey to join RAW demands a comprehensive grasp of the agency’s meticulous recruitment and training process. Our article aims to shed light on the eligibility criteria you must meet and the precise steps you need to undertake to be considered for a role as a RAW agent.

As a trusted beacon for defense aspirants, we recognize your ambition to rise above the ordinary and we strive to mentor you on how to become a RAW agent, uncovering details such as the RAW agent salary and career progression within the agency. Joining RAW is not just about harnessing skills; it’s about embodying a sense of purpose that aligns with national pride and duty.

We will navigate through each phase—from the recruitment process to the rigorous training that shapes exceptional RAW agents—ensuring that your pursuit of joining RAW, India’s esteemed intelligence ward, is illuminated with clarity and ambition. Let us inspire and equip you with all you need to realize your potential and embark on a career marked by valor and intelligence, synonymous with RAW’s legacy of excellence.

Understanding RAW and Its Function

As we delve into the essence of RAW, India’s premier intelligence agency, it’s pivotal to comprehend its core functions and the magnitude of its operations. Established in 1968, under the aegis of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, RAW’s inception was a strategic move to bolster India’s intelligence capabilities, particularly in foreign territories. The full form of RAW, which stands for Research and Analysis Wing, encapsulates its mission to conduct research and analysis that is critical to the nation’s safety and strategic interests.

Key Objectives and Functions of RAW:

Monitoring Developments: RAW’s primary mandate involves keeping a vigilant eye on political, military, economic, and scientific advancements in countries that could impact India’s security. This surveillance is crucial in preempting any threats and formulating strategic responses.
Counter-Terrorism: The agency is at the forefront of tracking terrorist factions and disrupting smuggling networks that funnel illicit arms into the country, thereby fortifying India’s defense against internal and external threats.
Covert Operations: RAW agents are trained to execute covert operations with the aim to safeguard India’s national interests. These operations are often shrouded in secrecy but are vital in maintaining the country’s sovereignty and security.

Notable Achievements and Structure:

Historical Impact: The agency has been instrumental in several key operations, including the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971 and the integration of Sikkim in 1975, showcasing its pivotal role in shaping India’s geopolitical narrative.
Direct Reporting: Unlike other intelligence bodies, RAW maintains a direct reporting line to the Prime Minister, facilitated through the Joint Intelligence Committee, ensuring swift and confidential communication of sensitive information.
Organizational Hierarchy: At the structural core, RAW is comprised of the Office of Special Operations, Additional Secretaries, and a dedicated Aviation and Special Services division, all collaborating to fulfill the agency’s expansive mission.

Challenges and Operational Reach:

Equipment and Manpower: Despite being ranked among the top five intelligence agencies globally, RAW faces significant challenges, such as a severe staff shortage, with an estimated 40% deficit in personnel as of 2013.
Strategic Bureaus: The agency extends its intelligence network through 10 field formations, known as Special Bureaus, strategically positioned in major cities near India’s borders, to gather vital intelligence from neighboring nations.
Military Hardware Control: A significant aspect of RAW’s objectives includes monitoring and curtailing the flow of military hardware to Pakistan, predominantly sourced from the United States, China, and Europe, thereby maintaining a balance of power in the region.

In our pursuit of understanding how to join RAW and the full form of RAW, we recognize that aspiring RAW agents must align with the agency’s unwavering commitment to national security. With this knowledge of RAW India, we can appreciate the gravity and prestige associated with becoming a RAW agent. As we continue our exploration, we will uncover the steps on how to become a RAW agent, the raw agent salary, and the profound career paths that lie ahead for those who dare to dream of serving their nation at the highest level of intelligence and valor.

Eligibility Criteria for Joining RAW

Embarking on the esteemed journey to join RAW, India’s premier intelligence agency, necessitates meeting a set of stringent eligibility criteria. These prerequisites are designed to ensure that only the most capable and dedicated individuals are entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding our nation’s security and interests. As aspirants like you seek to understand how to become a RAW agent, it is imperative to familiarize yourself with the fundamental requirements:

Must be an Indian citizen.
Should have a clean record with no criminal background or pending court cases.
A graduation degree from a recognized university is mandatory.
Proficiency in at least one foreign language is highly beneficial.
Candidates often emerge from esteemed positions within the Civil Services, having cleared the rigorous Civil Service Exam, including roles in the IAS, IPS, or IRS.
Recruitment also extends to meritorious individuals from Indian armed forces such as the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
Individuals with significant experience, typically more than 20 years in service, are preferred.
Lateral deputation is another pathway, targeting the Officers Corps of Armed Forces or Group A Civil Service Officers.
While the exact age limit is not officially specified, candidates are generally expected to be between 25-45 years old.
Physical fitness is paramount, given the demanding nature of RAW operations.
Exceptional communication skills are essential for the role of a RAW agent.

As a RAW agent, you will be at the vanguard of defending national security, acquiring critical foreign intelligence, and combating terrorism. You will also play a pivotal role in influencing foreign governments and shaping public opinion globally. The raw agent salary and career trajectory reflect the high stakes and significant responsibilities of the position. With the full form of RAW symbolizing the Research and Analysis Wing, your alignment with the agency’s mission and your adherence to these eligibility criteria will be the first step in your journey towards joining RAW India’s cadre of elite intelligence professionals.

The Recruitment Process

Embarking on the path to join RAW, the Research and Analysis Wing of India, is a journey of meticulous selection and dedication. As we continue to explore how to join RAW, we now focus on the recruitment process, which is as strategic and discerning as the operations of RAW itself.

Aspirants must first clear the UPSC Civil Services Exam, which is the gateway for various civil services in India, including the IPS and IFS, from which RAW often recruits.
The full form of RAW stands for precision and excellence, and thus, the agency selects candidates based on stellar performance in the UPSC Exam and their adherence to the eligibility criteria.
Direct Recruitment at the Class I executive level occurs from civil services officers who are undergoing the Foundation Course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA).
RAW agents, including most secretaries, have historically been officers from the IPS, with other posts being held by officers from the IFS and IRS.
The selection process for RAW agents intensifies with interviews and psychological assessments conducted at the end of the LBSNAA Foundation Course to identify candidates with the right aptitude for intelligence work.
Shortlisted candidates are then inducted to work at RAW India for a one-year period, during which their performance and adaptability to the intelligence culture are evaluated.

Eligibility and Preparation :

Nationality and Legal Standing : Candidates must be unwaveringly loyal Indian citizens, with a clean legal record, free of any criminal background or pending court cases.
Educational and Age Requirements : A graduation degree from a reputed institution is essential, and candidates must be less than 56 years of age, with a requisite number of years’ experience in government service.
Language and Skills : Proficiency in at least one foreign language is highly beneficial, reflecting the global operational reach of RAW agents.

By understanding the full form of RAW and aligning with the agency’s mission, you can prepare to navigate the challenging recruitment process. Remember, the raw agent salary is commensurate with the high-stakes and significant responsibilities that come with the role. As you contemplate how to become a RAW agent, keep in mind the dedication and commitment required to serve India’s premier intelligence agency.

Training of RAW Agents

Embarking on the rigorous journey to become a part of RAW, India’s esteemed intelligence agency, involves a meticulously structured training regimen designed to hone a wide array of skills necessary for the multifaceted role of a RAW agent. We aim to provide insights into the comprehensive training process that each aspirant undergoes, reinforcing the commitment to excellence synonymous with the full form of RAW – Research and Analysis Wing.

Basic Training Curriculum

Upon selection, trainees are initiated into the world of intelligence with a robust basic training module that spans various critical areas:

Espionage Techniques : Trainees are introduced to the art of real-world espionage, learning the nuances of clandestine operations and information gathering.
Technological Proficiency : Space technology and information security form the backbone of modern intelligence; hence, aspirants are equipped with cutting-edge scientific knowledge.
Analytical Acumen : A strong emphasis is placed on financial, economic, and geo-strategic analysis to develop the analytical prowess needed for high-stakes decision-making.
Case Studies : Learning from past successes and failures, trainees study detailed case studies of other intelligence agencies to understand the dynamics of global intelligence work.

Advanced Training: Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB)

After mastering the basics, trainees advance to the Field Intelligence Bureau training, which is an intensive 1-2 year program focusing on:

Survival Skills : Agents are trained to survive in the most hostile environments, ensuring their readiness for any situation.
Covert Operations : Mastery in secret operation management, including infiltration and exfiltration techniques, is imparted to handle sensitive missions.
Interrogation Resistance : Trainees learn to resist and manage interrogation scenarios, a critical skill for maintaining operational integrity.
Operational Execution : From contact management to mission operation, agents are equipped to execute complex intelligence tasks with precision.

Pathway to Permanent Selection

The journey from trainee to a full-fledged RAW agent is marked by a series of evaluations and choices:

Initial Induction : Candidates selected through RAS or direct recruitment at the Class 1 Executive Level undergo a year of intensive training, during which their compatibility with intelligence work is assessed.
Optional Reintegration : At the end of the first year, trainees have the option to return to their parent service, allowing for a reevaluation of their commitment to RAW India’s mission.
Final Selection : Those who exhibit unwavering dedication and exceptional skill are permanently inducted into the Research and Analysis Service, ready to embark on a career filled with challenges and triumphs.

Throughout the training, the raw agent salary reflects the high stakes and rigorous nature of the work. As you deliberate on how to join RAW and how to become a RAW agent, it’s clear that the path is not easy, but for those who are determined, it’s a journey of transformation into an intelligence professional of the highest caliber. The full form of RAW is a testament to the comprehensive education and preparation that each agent receives, ensuring their readiness to protect and serve with intelligence, valor, and an unwavering sense of duty.

Career Path and Roles in RAW

Embarking on a career with RAW India, the full form of RAW being Research and Analysis Wing, opens up a spectrum of roles that are pivotal to the nation’s security. Here, we outline the career path and roles within RAW, providing a roadmap for aspirants like you, who are seeking to understand how to join RAW and become integral to India’s intelligence framework.

Career Path in RAW

The journey begins with selection into an elite government job such as IAS or IPS, followed by a national aptitude test in intelligence and psychology, and an interview process.
Successful candidates are recruited through the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) cadre, part of the Central Staffing Scheme, and undergo a one-year training period to assimilate into RAW’s culture and operations.
Senior Roles : Secretary/Additional Secretary (R), Joint Secretary
Mid-level Roles : Director/Deputy Secretary/Attache
Operational Roles : Senior Field Officer, Field Officer, Deputy Field Officer, Assistant Field Officer
Advancement through these ranks is contingent on performance, dedication, and the successful execution of missions.
RAW officials receive the opportunity for international training, equipping them with global intelligence perspectives and operational techniques, which are crucial for RAW agents working in diverse geopolitical landscapes.

Roles and Responsibilities in RAW

Foreign Intelligence Gathering : As a RAW agent, you will be at the forefront of collecting sensitive information from foreign lands, which is critical for shaping India’s foreign policy and strategic decisions.
Counter-Terrorism Operations : RAW agents play a decisive role in thwarting terrorism, ensuring the safety of India’s populace and its sovereign interests.
Policy Advisory : Leveraging the intelligence gathered, RAW agents provide invaluable insights to policymakers, influencing decisions at the highest levels of government.
Nuclear Security : A RAW agent’s role extends to securing India’s nuclear program, a task of profound national importance.

Maintaining Integrity and Performance

Performance Review : RAW agents are consistently evaluated for their performance. Those who excel are rewarded with progression, while those who do not meet the standards may face forced retirement.
Integrity Assurance : The integrity of a RAW agent is paramount. Any doubts regarding an agent’s loyalty or conduct can lead to termination, ensuring the agency remains uncompromised.

As you consider how to join RAW and how to become a RAW agent, it’s clear that the path is demanding yet rewarding. The raw agent salary and benefits are reflective of the high-stakes nature of the work. With RAW India, you are not just choosing a job; you are committing to a lifestyle of vigilance, patriotism, and excellence. Your role within RAW will be instrumental in shaping the security narrative of the nation, and as such, every step of your career will be marked by the pursuit of brilliance and an unwavering dedication to the service of India.

Some of the known activities and operations of RAW are as follows:

ELINT operations aimed at China
Bangladesh liberation and aftermath
Operation Smiling Buddha
Amalgamation of Sikkim
Kahuta’s Blueprint
Operation Lal Dora
Operation Meghdoot
Kanishka Bombing case
Special Operations
Operation Cactus
Operations in Sri Lanka
Anti-Apartheid Movement
Operation Chanakya
Overthrowing monarchy in Nepal
Help to the Northern Alliance
Operation Leech
War on Terror
2008 Mumbai attacks
Snatch operations with IB
2015 Sri Lankan presidential election

Different Job Roles (Designations ) in RAW

1. What is the process to become an agent in RAW India?

To pursue a career as a RAW agent, candidates must first clear the Combined Graduate Preliminary Exam (CGPE) conducted by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC). Subsequently, they need to qualify for the ‘Group A’ Civil Services exam under the Central Staffing Scheme and excel in all stages of the Civil Service examination.

2. Is it possible to join RAW without taking the UPSC exams?

Direct recruitment into RAW is not available; therefore, candidates must go through the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examination process.

3. Where is the headquarters of RAW located in India?

The headquarters of RAW is situated in New Delhi, which serves as the capital of India and is part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is also the administrative hub for all three branches of the Government of India.

4. What is India’s primary secret intelligence agency?

India’s main foreign intelligence agency is the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW).

5. How challenging is it to work for RAW?

Working as a RAW agent is not an easy task; it demands significant hard work, dedication, and a rigorous training process.

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I couldn’t clear NDA, CDS but fire is still in me for the nation for force way of life. currently, I preparing for UPSC. i have learned boxing, I’m a linguistic person, I’m good at acting .qualification 10th from Christian missionary, 12th science. B.A . in politics. Family background ‘0’. So, I have decided to join Research and Analysis wings.or CApf.

हेलो सर मैं आपना नाम नहीं बता सकता पर मैं RAW में शामिल होना चाहता हूं

Sir I am Retd from Corps of signals on 30 Apr 2021 after completion of 30 year service . My trade is (OSS) Yeoman of signals intelligence.I have more experience to Analysis and interception our target country and internally trts activity . I served in j&k 18 years 06 years in north east . Two decoration has received . I have interested same platform to lead and improve ndian security. Pls guide me and give me chance thx

मेरी मौत बहुत नजदीक है पर मरना तो है लेकिन देश के लिए नोकरी नहीं करनी है वो तो कहीं भी मिल जाएगी पर मुझे जो चाहिए वो देश के लिए त्याग करने पर मिलेगा वो नाम जो हर किसी को नहीं मिलता शहीद मुझे खुफिया एजेंसी सीआईए में शामिल कर लिजिए

sir I am interest in the job this is called a may country My country is my father My country is my mother My country is my sister My country myself is everyone Sir please take me one chance Sir I definitely I am not afraid you Dharma rakshite rakshda Jay hind

i have some information..im silankan local hacker about international information collector…im using this coomment without vpn..this is my original ip address..you can contack me on +94776503500..im glad to join with raw..because i have to work against chineese..thank you..

I am a police man And i served 6 year in pera military force I won’t to join raw .

I want to joint raw and will perform any task which will given by you..

please join for RAW agent in Indian.sir.

5-98, chintalamonu, kallapalem, kalidindi mandalam, Kalidindi, Krishna, Kalidindi Andhra Pradesh, 521344

9273483569 FM

JAI HIND…..RAW WILL APPROACH ME

I am interested in Raw join

Am interested in Raw Intelligence

Jai hind sir I am join to RAW I am GDR

I want to join the raw samant sir please give me one chance

I’m amazed by the number of stupid people commenting and asking the post creator to make them join RAW… Bhai sahab. English dekh ke maut aa rhi hai tum sab ki 😂. A bunch of morons.

Great opportunity, Can we join as agent.

Me tooo Lol

Team Raw, Please give me one chance, M nothing, but m in everything.. Please team give me one chance

I am a proud INDIAN who wants to join RAW and wants to work for my motherland. Thanks

I am a proud INDIAN who wants to join RAW and wants to work for my people. Thanks

Dear sir I am from Imphal ,Manipur where communal clash have been going on since 3rd May, 2023 but still not in silent . This is the act of terrorism which attacked by the Burmese Terrorists to the people of Manipur who are living nearby the Hilly Areas. People are roaming here and there to get shelter. Some are stayed with their relatives and others are in the relief camps opened by the state government. They are facing many problems economically and mentally. Most of their wards are dropped out from the schools. Besides these things, people at the plain areas as well as at the hearth of the city are also facing economical problems as they cannot run their business properly and many organizations are emerged and started donation from the public. Meanwhile some people are trying to get a chance for looting private properties. For the correction of these unfair things I want to join in any of the Central Intelligence service. My contact number is

Dear Sir My contact number is 8787822102

How can i approach for giving an information releated with POK?

I will be glad if i can share this info with R&AW

I will be glad if i can share this with R&AW

research and analysis wing i am join of kolkata partime job I am not interested money

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Home > News & Articles > RAW: Full Form, How to Join in India 2024, Eligibility, Age Limit, Requirements and Training

Nikita Parmar

Updated on 24th January, 2024 , 5 min read

RAW: Full Form, How to Join in India 2024, Eligibility, Age Limit, Requirements and Training

Raw overview .

The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) uses a variety of methods to find new officers and operatives. Taking the UPSC Civil Services Exam is one route to join RAW in India (Group-A IAS, IPS, IRS & IFS Officers). The agents and officers are hired by RAW through a variety of strategies. The numerous duties of RAW include advising Indian policymakers and conducting counterterrorism and counterproliferation operations as well as gathering foreign intelligence and advancing India's foreign policy. Rameshwar Nath Kao served as RAW's first Secretary. Additionally, RAW's headquarters are in New Delhi, India. Currently, Samant Goel is in charge of RAW.

What is RAW Full Form

RAW is an acronym for India's Research and Analysis Wing, a foreign intelligence service. It was established on September 21st, 1968. RAW's job is to gather intelligence on other nations, especially those that are near India, so that it can stop current dangers to India, create suitable policies in response, establish international ties, and do a lot more. RAW also handles the task of covertly neutralizing any threat to India from any nation or terrorist organization.

The Secretary of the Cabinet Secretariat, who reports to the Indian Prime Minister, is in charge of RAW. RAW is an autonomous organization that is not subject to parliamentary control. RAW has carried out several missions thus far, many of which are well-known to the general public, including Operation Kahuta, Operation Meghdoot, Operation Cactus, Operation Leech, and Snatch Operation, Operation Chanakya, etc.

RAW Full Form Highlights

The following table lists the broad highlights of RAW in India-

RAW Eligibility 2024

Being a RAW agent is a challenging endeavor. An applicant has to be in good physical and mental health. The full list of requirements for RAW officers, including nationality, age restriction, educational background, and professional experience, is provided below-

RAW's Responsibilities

A RAW Agent is responsible for a variety of duties. Some of the key RAW responsibilities are listed below-

Keeping track of the political, military, economic, and scientific changes in nations that directly affect India's national security and the evolution of its foreign policy.
Shaping global public opinion and exerting influence over foreign governments.
Operations should be changed to protect India's national interests.
Combating terrorism and eliminating terrorist groups that pose a threat to India.

Know More About - How to Prepare for the UPSC Exam and Upcoming Government Exams in India.

How to become a raw agent.

Monitoring other nations that can impede the advancement of India's security and international policy is the principal goal of the RAW operatives. One can do the following actions to become a RAW agent:

Get Selected for Elite Position: The first stage in becoming a RAW agent is to get chosen for one of the most prestigious government positions, such as IAS , IPS, the intelligence agency, or the military services. RAW agents are now frequently chosen among those who have previously completed their foundation training. Officials from RAW interview them and provide tests to see whether they are mentally qualified for the position. Officers in the armed forces may be given the chance through lateral deputation.
Direct Entry From Universities: RAW agents are often chosen from the military forces or the civil sector, but officials have recently started allowing direct entry of agents from universities and colleges. RAW includes positions such as analyst, stenographer, clerk, accountant, etc. in addition to secret agents.
National Aptitude Test and Interviews: After being chosen for the position, you must pass a national aptitude exam in intellect as well as psychological and personality tests, which is followed by an interview.

Process after Selection

Resigning: Prior to being hired, you shouldn't have any lucrative positions. Whatever position you now have must be quit. You will be sent for training when you quit. In order to serve the country selflessly, you must resign from your previous position.
Basic Instruction: You begin with the fundamental, ten-day program in Delhi, which is only an introduction. You receive instruction in a variety of languages, information security, standard methods, scientific understanding, etc. You are required to resolve case studies from several intelligence services, including the Israeli MOSSAD, the Russian KGB, the Australian ASIS, and the Pakistani ISI.
Extensive Training: After completing your basic training, you are transferred to the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun for further instruction. During the training term, which typically lasts between one and two years, you will learn about real-world scenarios.
Joining and Appointment: Following the demanding training, you are finally qualified to join RAW.

Direct Recruitment

The public workers must successfully finish a foundation course at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration before being chosen as a RAW officers. After doing psychological tests and interviews, RAW conducts interviews with the candidates. Shortlisted individuals begin their one-year employment at RAW.

RAW Salary 2024

The pay for a RAW agent varies depending on a number of variables, including experience, job description, length of employment, etc. A Grade-A level official typically receives between Rs 80,000 and Rs 1,50,000 per month.

Also read more about- Salary of a Police Officer 2023 .

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the full form of raw.

Ans. RAW is an acronym for India’s Research and Analysis Wing, a foreign intelligence service. It was established on September 21st, 1968.

What age may a person apply to be a RAW officer?

Ans. Candidates for Intelligence Bureau positions must be under the age of 56. Candidates for RAW agents must have 20 years of experience in the military.

Where is the Headquarters of RAW located?

Ans. The headquarters of RAW is located in New Delhi.

Using UPSC, am I able to join RAW?

Ans. For individuals who want to apply for admission by examination, there is just the UPSC test. The Group A Civil Service Exam is the initial requirement for the candidate. After clearing this test, they are eligible to take the main RAW exam. In the RAW exam, a written test is followed by an interview.

What is the salary of RAW agents?

Ans. RAW salaries range from 80,000 to 1,50,000 per month on average for their services.

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How to Join RAW in India? Know UPSC, Defence, IB Intelligence Officer Eligibility, Selection Process 2023

How to join raw in india check how to become a raw agent/officer through upsc civil services (ias, ips, irs & ifs officer), defence, ib & other intelligence agencies exams including eligibility, age limit, educational qualification, selection process & salary..

How to Join RAW? The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) recruits its officers and agents in different ways. One of the ways to join RAW in India is through UPSC Civil Services Exam (Group-A IAS, IPS, IRS & IFS Officers). In this article, we shall discuss a brief overview of RAW, how to join RAW, eligibility, selection process, salary, ranks, and responsibilities of a RAW agent in India.

How to Become Agniveer in the Indian Army/Navy/Air Force?

The Research and Analysis Wing, also known as RAW is the foreign intelligence agency of India. RAQ was founded on September 21, 1968. Its primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. The agency is also involved in the Security of India's Nuclear Programme.

How to Join RAW?

Earlier, RAW recruited trained intelligence officers directly who belonged to the external wing of the Intelligence Bureau. Later, RAW started recruiting graduates from Universities. In 1983, RAW established the Research and Analysis Wing (RAS) to select talent from Group A Civil Services under the Central Staffing Scheme.

How to Become a Doctor in Indian Army/Navy/Air Force?

How RAW Officers are recruited?

Eligibility to become a raw agent, raw officer recruitment through upsc civil services exam (cse).

Many times RAW officers are chosen amongst the pool of brilliant candidates who have already cleared the UPSC Civil Services Exam and have opted to become IPS & IFS Officers.

Selection in RAW happens only after a Civil Servant completes a foundation course from Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration.

RAW Postings & Promotional Hierarchy

The Headquarters of RAW is located in New Delhi. The head of R&AW is designated as the Secretary (Research) in the Cabinet Secretariat and is under the authority of the Prime Minister of India without parliamentary oversight. On an administrative basis, the Director reports to the Cabinet Secretary, who reports to the Prime Minister.

Ranks in RAW

Job profile of a raw agent, work mechanism of research and analysis wing (raw).

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Q1. How to Join RAW After Graduation? + Aspirants Have To UPSC Civil Services Exam (CSE), Defence, IB & Other Intelligence Agencies Exams
Q2. What is the Age Limit for becoming a RAW Officer? + Although there is no specific age limit it is desirable the candidates’ age should be below 56 years
Q3. What is the Age Limit for UPSC Civil Services Exam? + The Candidate Must Not Be Less Than 21 Years Of Age And More Than 32 Years Of Age
Q4. What is the Educational Qualification required to become a RAW Officer? + A Graduation Degree from a reputed organization or institute is a must for getting a job opportunity in RAW. Sometimes it is necessary to have a command on one foreign language. Candidates should have sharp memory power and good communication skills.
Q5. What is the full form of RAW? + Research and Analysis Wing
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How to join raw in india: check recruitment process, eligibility, postings, job profile, training and other details.

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Safalta Expert Published by: Kirti Singh Updated Fri, 08 Dec 2023 04:14 PM IST

Do you know How to Join Raw in India? If not then read this article and get the complete details related to its Recruitment process, Eligibility, Postings, Job Profile, Training, and Other Details

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The foreign intelligence service of India is known as the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). To identify new officers and agents, RAW employs various recruitment methods. One way to join RAW in India is by bypassing the UPSC Civil Services Exam, which leads to opportunities for Group-A IAS, IPS, IRS, and IFS Officers to join the organization.

The role of a RAW agent includes closely monitoring military and political developments in neighboring countries of India. Its primary responsibilities involve gathering foreign intelligence, countering terrorism and nuclear proliferation, offering advice to policymakers in India, and advancing the nation's strategic interests on the global stage. RAW also plays a crucial role in safeguarding India's nuclear program.

Source: Safalta

How Raw Officers are Recruited?

Firstly, the candidates are selected with the help of RAS and direct recruitment is done at Class 1 Executive Level from Civil services Officers who are undergoing the Foundation course at the Lala Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration.
At the end of the course, there is a campus interview conducted by RAW.
Based on their Interview and Psychological test the candidates are selected for 1 year.
During this 1 year, they have an option to rejoin their parent service.
But after one year they are permanently selected for the RAW (Research and Analysis Service).
Another way of recruiting is lateral deputation from the Officers Corps of the Indian Armed Forces.
The Civil and Defense Service Officers resign permanently to join RAS.

RAW Eligibility Criteria:

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Ranks in RAW:

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Role and Responsibilities of RAW:

How raw works, if you want to prepare for government jobs then you can get an expert’s guidance with the help of safalta’s free courses: subscribe now . safalta will guide you to prepare for exams like ssc gd, nda & na, up lekhpal, ssc mts, etc. moreover, the aspirants can check e-books , mock-tests , and current affairs for free., can ib officer join raw, can i join raw through upsc, what is qualification for raw agent, how do you become a raw intelligence officer.

Firstly, the candidates are selected with the help of RAS, and direct recruitment is done at Classthe 1 Executive Level from Civil services Officers who are undergoing the Foundation course at the Lala Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration.
Based on their Interview and Psychological test the candidates are selected for a 1-y1 yearing this 1 year, they have an option to rejoin their parent service.

What is the salary of RAW agent?

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Research and Analysis Wing ( RAW or R&AW ) is the primary external intelligence agency of the Republic of India. Its creation was necessitated post the Sino-Indian War 1962 and Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 which posed various gaps in intelligence gathering undertaken by Intelligence Bureau (which then handled both internal and external intelligence). This convinced the Government of India that a specialized, independent agency was required for competent external intelligence gathering. The primary function of R&AW is collection of external intelligence and counter-terrorism. In addition, it is responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations and persons to advise Indian policymakers. R&AW is an effective and one of the primary instruments of India’s national power. It is also involved in the security of India’s nuclear programme. The headquarters of RAW is in Delhi.

Recruitment Research and Analysis Wing

Training: the training is conducted in two phases:.

Basic Training : Basic training commences with ‘pep talks’ to boost the morale of the new recruit. This is a ten-day phase in which the inductee is familiarised with the real world of intelligence and espionage, as opposed to the spies of fiction. Common usages, tradecraft techniques and classification of information are taught. Financial and economic analysis, Space Technology, Information Security, Energy Security and Scientific knowledge is imbibed to the trainees. The recruit is made to specialise in a foreign language and introduced to Geo strategic analysis. Case studies of other agencies like CIA, KGB, ISI, Mossad and Secret Intelligence Service are presented for study. The inductee is also taught that intelligence organisations do not identify who is friend and who is foe, the country’s foreign policy does. Basic classroom training to R&AW officers are imparted at R&AW’s Training Institute in Gurgaon. A multi-disciplinary school of economic intelligence is also being set up in Mumbai to train intelligence officers in investigating economic crimes like money laundering for terror purposes etc.
Advanced Training : After completing ‘Basic Training’ the recruit is now attached to a Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB). His/her training here lasts for 1–2 years. He/she is given firsthand experience of what it was to be out in the figurative cold, conducting clandestine operations. During night exercises under realistic conditions, he/she is taught infiltration and exfiltration. He/she is instructed to avoid capture and if caught, how to face interrogation. He/she learns the art of reconnoiter, making contacts, and, the numerous skills of operating an intelligence mission. At the end of the field training, the new recruit is brought back to the school for final polishing. Before his deployment in the field, he is given exhaustive training in the art of self-defence mainly Krav Maga, and the use of technical espionage devices. He/she is also drilled in various administrative disciplines so that he could take his place in the foreign missions without arousing suspicion. He/she is now ready to operate under the cover of an Embassy to gather information, set up his own network of informers, moles or operatives as the task may require. Field training is provided in the Indian Military Academy Headquarters at Dehradun.
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I love R&AW and I hope that one day….

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The National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative endeavors to better understand the RAS oncogene and discover its vulnerabilities to treat RAS-related cancers.

About one-third of all human cancers are driven by mutations of the RAS family of genes.

Though scientists have known about RAS for more than 30 years, a treatment to block the oncogene has been elusive.

Our scientists investigate approaches to RAS-driven cancer from multiple angles and multiple fields. From protein production to assay development to structural discoveries, we contribute to the search for an effective RAS inhibitor.

Creating community to progress the field

When the National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative was founded in 2013, researchers studying mutated RAS proteins were decentralized, scattered across government and academic laboratories. Most major pharmaceutical companies had suspended or avoided drug development for RAS-related cancers because of the cost and poor chance of success.

Due to scientific limitations at the time, there was no obvious path to better understand the mutant proteins’ behavior in human cells or to discover treatments for the thousands of RAS-related cancers. But the fledgling project headquartered at the Frederick National Laboratory soon began to turn heads.

Through an open, collaborative model and under the guidance of the National Cancer Institute, we developed a united, international RAS research community .

The RAS Initiative’s aspirational goals and early progress, along with  headway made by other groups , helped to reignite interest and inspire laboratories and industry to renew the search for treatments. Funded by the National Cancer Institute, the initiative continues to pursue progress in basic research and drug discovery for RAS-related cancers.

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Ras initiative: an ambitious model eight years in, new study finds classical ras proteins are not essential for raf inhibitor-induced paradoxical erk activation, research teams.

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The team uses a variety of biochemical and biophysical assays to characterize the interaction between RAS proteins and their effectors in solution or on the membrane. Our researchers also develop assays to identity small molecules inhibitors of RAS.

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The team leads efforts on the structural characterization of RAS complexes to provide new structural and mechanistic insights into RAS biology and to identify new targets for structure-based drug discovery efforts.

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We collaborate with other institutions and experts, including Frank McCormick from the University of California, San Francisco, a key RAS Initiative consultant. Some of our laboratories, such as the Protein Expression Laboratory , are part of the RAS Initiative groups.

The Frederick National Laboratory provides reagents to the research community and coordinates a biennial RAS Symposium to elevate progress and unite scientists in the field.

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Indian Defence
Defence & Strategy

The RAW: Understanding India's External Intelligence Agency

Thread starter Rage
Start date Sep 29, 2009

More options

To monitor political and military developments in adjacent countries, including China and Pakistan, which have a direct or indirect bearing upon India's national security and upon the formulation of its foreign policy; Technical and Technological espionage under the auspices of the National Technical Facilities Organisation (NTFO).
To make the control and limitation of the supply of military hardware to Pakistan, mostly from European countries, the USA and China, a priority.
To gather intelligence on leadership, capabilities and organization of various insurgency groups operating in adjacent states that pose a national security or integrity threat, and to thwart these using covert operations, assassinations, sabotage, indirect political coercion and exo-agent and interagent collusion where possible.
To further geopolitical goals, encourage a strategic balance and evince a deterrence of external collusion with domestic insurgency groups by establishing working relationships with secessionist agencies abroad.
To provide security for India's nuclear program.

[In continuum].... Controversies: The main controversies which have plagued the R&AW in recent years are over bureaucratization of the system, favoritism in promotions, ego clashes and inter-departmental rivalry. R&AW also suffers from ethnic and representative imbalances in the officer level. In 2006, Indian magazine Outlook reported that although India has a Muslim minority numbering around 160 million, not a single high level muslim officer existed in R&AW. Noted security analyst and former Additional Secretary B.Raman has criticised the agency for its asymmetric growth and has sought to summarize its abilities in the following: "while being strong in its capability for covert action it is weak in its capability for intelligence collection, analysis and assessment. Strong in low and medium-grade intelligence, relatively weak in high-grade intelligence. Strong in technical intelligence, weak in human intelligence. Strong in collation, weak in analysis. Strong in investigation, weak in prevention. Strong in crisis management, weak in crisis prevention." In September 2007, R&AW was involved in a controversy due to a high profile Central Bureau of Investigation Task Force raid at the residence of Major General (retired) V K Singh, a retired Joint Secretary of R&AW who has recently written a book on R&AW where it was alleged that political interference and corruption in the intelligence agency has made it vulnerable to defections. A case under the Official Secrets Act has also been filed against V K Singh. Another controversy erupted for the agency when a senior technical officer was arrested by the CBI on graft charges, on February 4, 2009. The scientist, a Director level employee, worked in the division that granted export licenses to companies dealing in “sensitive” items, including defence-related equipment. He was accused of demanding and accepting a bribe of Rs.1 lakh from a Chennai based manufacturer for obtaining an export license. In June 2004, the spy scandal involving former Joint Secretary and head of R&AW's South East Asia department Rabinder Singh's defection to the United States seriously tarnished the image of the organization as an effective agency. The RAW had already become suspicious about his movements and he was put under physical and telephone surveillance following the mistrust. He was confronted by Counter Intelligence officials on 19 April 2004, Despite all precautions, Rabinder Singh managed to defect with 'sensitive files' he had allegedly removed from R&AW's headquarters in south New Delhi. The embarrassing fiasco and major national security failure was attributed to weak surveillance, shoddy investigation and lack of coordination between the Counter-Intelligence and Security (CIS), the IB and the R&AW. Recently in an affidavit submitted to the court, R&AW deposed that Singh has been traced to and put under surveillance in New Jersey. In 2007, a spy scandal involving a Bangladeshi DGFI agent and known by the name of Diwan Chand Mallik was brought to light when he was known to have known posessed some important documents damaging to national security. A case of forgery was filed at the Lodhi Colony police station against the individual on the basis of a complaint by a senior R&AW official, however he was failed to be taken into custody. In Popular Culture Excessive secrecy and rare declassification of activities have ensured that the RAW has remained out of the public imagination. However, films like Mission Istanbul , Asambhav , Dasavathaaram and Veer-Zaara have either made mention of or fictionally predicated themselves upon the agency. Acknowledgments: http://www.fas.org/irp/world/india/...ysis Wing [RAW] - India Intelligence Agencies India Intelligence Organisation Research and Analysis Wing [RAW] - India Intelligence Agencies Research and Analysis Wing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia RAW: India's External Intelligence Agency - Council on Foreign Relations India, Intelligence and Security ? FREE India, Intelligence and Security information | Encyclopedia.com: Find India, Intelligence and Security research India's External Intelligence: Secrets of Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) http://www.bt.com.bn/en/analysis/2008/01/10/critical_look_at_indias_intelligence_service .

RAW started with a bang but has over the years become like any other govt organization in India. Just becausebit doesn't havevto report to anyone but the PM and has an accounted funds, it's taken itself for granted. Others like the ISI use such freedom to become a terror, but RAW has gone the other way. Maybe it's recruitment policy has to change. Right now it's mainly recruiting from the police force and we know how the police force is in our country. I think RAW should make spying a career option for those interested. I remember reading the the newspaper as to how the MI6 publishes ads for recruitment.

Global Defence Moderator

Yusufji the RAW has its onw Civil service cader for recruitment called Today, R&AW has its own service cadre, the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) to absorb talent

But the majority is from the police. And issues of being unprofessional and not upto scratch need to be addressed.

this is a problem that has got excabrated with a system of Prement Deputation where by IPS officers are peremently deputated to the RAW

Isn't there a dedicated course like an Indian spook service that draws the best talent from the country andvthey be recruited? Just on the lines of IAS, IPS, IFS. I'm sure there are many out there wanting to be 007s.

thats what the the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) is for

There is a thread on Pakistan's ISI elsewhere, missing is a thread on the main regional power, India. The ISI thread ... This week the Lowy Institute, an Australian think tank had a short review article on its blogsite, by the RUSI (UK) based analyst Shashank Joshi; I thought it was interesting. An Indian "lurker" responded that the article was: Quote: ..a very amateurish attempt...(partly as he relied on)..Srinath Raghavan who knew only in 2013 that Indian intelligence have no legal backing . Raghavan is not a historian but only a young journalist... Click to expand...

VPM's Centre for International Studies Seminar on India as an Emerging Major Power: Foreign Policy Thrust Areas January 27 & 28, 2012 INTELLIGENCE AS FOREIGN POLICY TOOL By V.Balachandran, Former Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat, GOI Click to expand...

I really think what we have been doing in Af-PAK, for 12 YEARS (!), is as mad as the impossible to conceive analogy I presented. We know and have known how insane this situation has been for years. The monograph does an excellent job of pulling all the open source evidence together. The problem may be that we may never see official documents confirming how bad the situation has been. Computer files may be a lot easier to 'disappear' than paper. The powers that be have a huge incentive to erase official evidence about how their impregnable personal pride, naivete and arrogance has played right into the hands of the grifters in 'Pindi, and how that has resulted in the deaths of hundreds and hundreds of Americans and thousands and thousands of Afghans. Firn: The thing that interests, and enrages, me is our behavior. The feudal elites/Pak Army/ISI are destroying their country for their own short term benefit and nothing can stop them now. Ironically I think, us being such fools has robbed Pakistan of any chance it may have had. If we had stopped their game 10 years ago they may have been discredited and maybe Pakistan would have had a chance. Not now though. The thing with the game they run on us is they run it on us. It can only work on such titanic fools such as the American elites. Nobody else has the proper combination of narcissistic pride and ignorance. It is no accomplishment besting a fool but they won't remember that and will have very great trouble because the guys in their neighborhood are no fools . But like I said, the thing that interests me is our behavior. It is beyond reason. Click to expand...

When i visualize RAW, i visualize a government office full of scattered files,slow moving fans and paan-ka-dhabbhas in corners. That may not be accurate but RAW is incompetent and this is a fact.

chase said: When i visualize RAW, i visualize a government office full of scattered files,slow moving fans and paan-ka-dhabbhas in corners. That may not be accurate but RAW is incompetent and this is a fact. Click to expand...

R&AW is not so much incompetent as it is underfunded. The US devotes $52bn USD per year to its 'intelligence community'; another 30-40bn if you include black budget allocations in the DoD that go to covert military ops and C4ISR research. China devotes $110bn per year, in total, to 'domestic security', which, after excluding domestic police functions, leaves 50-60bn for internal CI and external intelligence-gathering. India doesn't even spend that much on its defence budget in total.

t_co said: R&AW is not so much incompetent as it is underfunded. The US devotes $52bn USD per year to its 'intelligence community'; another 30-40bn if you include black budget allocations in the DoD that go to covert military ops and C4ISR research. China devotes $110bn per year, in total, to 'domestic security', which, after excluding domestic police functions, leaves 50-60bn for internal CI and external intelligence-gathering. India doesn't even spend that much on its defence budget in total. Click to expand...

freethinker777

fake article. nothing like RAW exists.

freethinker777 said: fake article. nothing like RAW exists. Click to expand...

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RAS Tools and Resources

Researchers with the NCI RAS Initiative have developed a variety of unique reagents, assays, and tools for use within the program at the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR).

One of our priorities is to share these valuable resources with the larger RAS community to increase the efficiency of all RAS research around the world.

DNA Reagents

Complete set of ras pathway genes.

Access: Visit Addgene for the RAS Pathway 2.0 Clone Collection

This collection of 180 genes comprises the core of the RAS pathway. After crowdsourcing the pathway map, the RAS Initiative constructed entry clones of each gene representing the dominant transcript across more than 30 human cancers.

All 180 genes—including stop and no-stop versions—are available. You may use the Gateway Cloning Platform (Life Technologies) to easily convert these to expression clones for a variety of experimental purposes.

KRAS Entry Clone Collection

Access: Visit Addgene for the RAS Mutant Clone Collection

This collection of plasmids contains the full-length sequences of verified entry clones for KRAS4b, KRAS4a, HRAS, and NRAS, along with a variety of oncogenic mutants of the isoforms.

These can be utilized to generate expression clones in standard Gateway compatible destination vectors.

RAS Superfamily Clone Collection

Access: Coming soon to Addgene

This collection of plasmids contains the full-length sequence of verified entry clones of all RAS Superfamily members: KRAS4a, KRAS4b, HRAS, NRAS, RIT1, RIT12, DIRAS1, DIRAS2, DIRAS3, ERAS, GEM, MRAS, NKIRAS1, NKIRAS2, RALA, RALB, RAP1A, RAP1B, RAP2A, RAP2B, RAP2C, RASD1, RASD2, RRAS, RRAS2, RASL10A, RASL10B, RASL11A, RASL11B, RASL12, RHEB, RHEBL1, REM1, REM2, RERG, RERGL, and RRAD.

The RAS Initative generated this collection to serve as a follow-on to its initial KRAS Entry Clone Collection to study the larger family of RAS-related proteins.

DNA Constructs for RAS Protein Production

Access: Visit Addgene for the Dominic Esposito Lab Materials or email Dominic Esposito ([email protected])

This collection contains more than 300 expression constructs to aid in the production of RAS and RAS-related proteins for biochemical assays and structural biology. It also includes 60 wild-type and mutant RAS genes as Gateway entry clones that are fully sequenced and have the same context to enable optimal correlation of phenotype with genotype.

Many of these constructs are available from the Addgene repository ; others can be obtained by emailing Dominic Esposito directly.

Assay Reagents

Access: Email Dominic Esposito ([email protected])

The RAS Initiative offers a variety of materials for the deployment of biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based assays for drug discovery:

DNA constructs: Available for the production of tagged proteins for biochemical assays including SPR (surface plasmon resonance), HTRF (homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence), and FRET (Forster resonance energy transfer) using Avi, GST, xFP, or Halotag fusions to RAS, RAF, and other RAS effectors.
BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) assay clones: Available using Halotag and NanoLuc fusions to a variety of partner proteins including RAS/RAF, RAS/RALGDS, RAS/PIK3CA, SHOC2/MRAS, NF1/SPRED1, RAF/MEK, and RAS/RAS.
Assay protocols and parameters: Available to enable researchers to quickly utilize these qualified assays for their screening needs.

Cell Line Reagents

Ras-dependent mef (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cell lines.

Access: Email Billy Burgan ([email protected])

This collection of cell lines was developed from the original HRAS/NRAS knockout cell lines from the laboratory of Mariano Barbacid by removal of endogenous KRAS and replacement with a variety of mutant KRAS alleles.

All MEF cell lines undergo a variety of quality control measures:

Verification that endogenous KRAS has been removed
Integration analysis assays to identify the number and location of transgene insertions within the genome
Validation of final clones by exome sequencing to ensure that no additional mutations are present which could impact findings (such as mutations in other RAS pathway genes, or regulators like p53)
Testing of all cell lines for mycoplasma contamination
Authentication by short tandem repeat sequencing to further ensure the quality of reagents prior to distribution

Protein Production Tools

Production of fully processed kras-fme proteins.

Access: Email Bill Gillette ([email protected])

The RAS Initiative offers reagents for the high-yield production of fully processed KRAS proteins, including specialized insect cell lines, baculoviruses, and a variety of RAS mutant expression clones.

A major goal of the early part of the RAS Initiative was to develop appropriate reagents to examine the interaction of KRAS with membranes. To do this, it was necessary to have KRAS in its properly processed form consisting of a properly prenylated and methylated C-terminal region. Historically, this protein (called KRAS-FMe) could only be produced at low yield and purity. The RAS Initiative developed a process to improve this production by 50-fold using an engineered baculovirus system.

Chaperones for Improved Production of Proteins and Protein Complexes

The RAS Initiative offers chaperone families and generated research materials that can improve the production of a variety of proteins related to RAS research and aid in the production of proteins and protein complexes, including RAF kinases and the SHOC2/MRAS/PPP1CA phosphatase.

The RAS Initiative discovered that several complicated proteins and protein complexes often needed the assistance of folding chaperones for in vitro production. Now, we distribute specialized baculoviruses and DNA constructs containing these chaperones because they may be useful when working on related proteins.

Improved Insect Cell Protein Purification Technologies

The RAS Initiative offers the novel cell line Tni-FNL. This line can produce higher yields of protein than commercially available strains, as well as new baculovirus genomes with higher stability and increased protein production yields.

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
National Institutes of Health
Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives (DPCPSI)
ODSS Intranet (NIH Staff)

Researcher Auth Service Initiative

About the researcher auth service initiative, ras in 2022, ras in 2021, ras in 2020.

The NIH is the largest biomedical research agency in the world and home to many valuable data resources and platforms at the forefront of data science. These resources are stewarded by the NIH Institutes, Centers, and Office. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Researcher Auth Service (RAS) service is part of NIH’s efforts toward a modernized, FAIR, biomedical data ecosystem. RAS facilitates access to NIH’s open and controlled access data assets and repositories in a consistent, secure, and use-friendly manner and provides researchers with a single sign-on experience across participating data resources. This service is provided by the NIH’s Center for Information Technology and developed in collaboration with the NIH Strategic Plan for Data Science .

NIH RAS is advancing data infrastructure and ecosystem goals as defined in the NIH Strategic Plan for Data Science by leveraging appropriate policies that promote stewardship and sustainability, including the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH ) and OpenID standards for integration of researcher-focused applications and data repositories over the OpenID Connect (OIDC) platform. By offering a cloud-based, centralized authentication, authorization, and audit logging service (see diagram), NIH RAS is enhancing the overall security posture of the NIH data ecosystem. With RAS, NIH-supported data systems delegate important identity and access controls to this central NIH service – NIH RAS. For researchers working in the NIH data ecosystem, NIH RAS provides a single sign-on (SSO) experience that enhances the user experience when searching for and accessing NIH’s open and controlled data assets.

NIH Researcher Auth Service: Key Service Areas - Authentication, Authorization, Auditing

NIH RAS currently offers the following identity providers (IdPs) for users to log in and access NIH data systems:

NIH Login ( NIH Login )
eRA Commons ( eRA Commons )
Login.gov with multifactor authentication ( Login.gov )
InCommon Federation with multifactor authentication ( InCommon Federation )

NIH-supported systems interested in onboarding to the NIH RAS service should visit the NIH RAS Service Offerings website for more information and contact information.

Screenshot of attendee virtually participating in the August 2020 – Phase 2 Partner Development Workshop

August 2020 – Phase 1 Production Release

NIH deployed a RAS-dbGaP Visa and associated services that allow researchers to log in to RAS one time to access any integrated repository and run an analysis for up to 15 days without re-authenticating. NIH staff or extramural researchers can log into integration systems/applications using their NIH or eRA Commons credentials. Auth tokens move with the researcher as they navigate to any of the four Phase 1 Data Platforms. Existing rules for authorization are enforced so a user can only access data they have been authorized to view.

RAS uses open standards and protocols and provides integrating systems with many standards-based options for integration.

The NIH RAS Project Team continued to work with NIH data system owners to complete new integrations and deliver enhanced NIH RAS service offerings. The NIH RAS Project Team released a formal standard operating procedure (SOP) to support integration workflows from onboarding through to production deployment . NIH RAS also added the InCommon Federation as a new Identity Provider (IdP) , enabling researchers to securely access NIH data systems using their home institutional credentials and multifactor authentication. Researchers can now link their eRA Commons (“eRA”) identities, InCommon Federation credentials, and Login.gov credentials, so they can log into NIH RAS using any of those identities. As new IdPs are integrated with NIH RAS, researchers will be able to link those identities as well.

The NIH RAS Project Team completed a proof-of-concept (PoC) using the Google Cloud Provider (GCP) Certificate Authority Service (CAS) to establish a Private Certificate Authority (CA) to issue transport layer security (TLS) certificates that can achieve certificate-based mutual authentication using a zero-trust security framework. The mutual TLS (mTLS) capability will add another layer of security assurance to the NIH data ecosystem once it is released, which is expected to happen in early 2023.

Participating NIH Systems:

NIH Data Systems using NIH RAS in production environments:

Common Fund Data Ecosystem (CFDE) Phase 1
Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource Center (KFDRC) Milestone 1
Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC) Milestone 1
Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL) Milestone 1
BioData Catalyst (BDC) Milestone 1
Data and Specimen Hub (DASH)
NIMH Data Archive (NDA) Phase 1
All of Us (AoU) Researcher Workbench Phase 1
NIH COVID Rapid Acceleration Diagnostics (RADx) Data Hub 1.0

NIH Data Systems actively developing new or updated NIH RAS integrations:

Biomedical Research Informatics Computing System (BRICS)
4D Nucleome
Common Fund Data Ecosystem (CFDE) Portal
Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP)
Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC) Milestone 3
Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) Power User Portal (PUP)
Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL) Milestone 3
AnVIL Data Use Oversight System ( AnVIL-DUOS )
Cardiovascular Development Data Resource Center (CDDRC)
BioData Catalyst (BDC) Milestone 3
Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium (PCGC) HeartsMart
INvestigation of Co-occurring conditions across the Lifespan to Understand Down syndromE (INCLUDE) Data Hub
NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Data Resource Core (DRC)
NIA Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site (NIA NIAGADS) ADDAPT Cloud Commons Integration
Data Ecosystem
Data and Specimen Hub (DASH) Phase 3
ABCD-Loris-Instance
NIMH Data Archive (NDA) Phase 2
Lister Hill Center – Research Data Finder (LHC-RDF)
Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource Center (KFDRC) Milestone 3
Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource Center (KFDRC) Undiagnosed Disease Network (UDN)
NIH COVID Rapid Acceleration Diagnostics (RADx) Data Hub 2.0

Researchers can link identities from multiple identity providers so they can move from system to system using one set of credentials without needing to remember multiple credentials to sign in. Linking identities may also provide researchers with additional access privileges and layers of security. Currently researchers can link eRA Commons (“eRA”) identities and Login.gov identities within RAS. As new identity providers are integrated with RAS, researchers will be able to link those identities as well.

Cancer Data Aggregator (CDA)
National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
LungMAP and HeartsMart
TB Data Exploration Portal (TB DEPOT)
Cell Reprogramming Database Portal (CReD)
NIA Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS DSS)
NIH COVID Rapid Acceleration Diagnostics (RADx) Data Hub
NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Data Resource Core (DRC) and Repositories

Conceptual overview of the first iteration of the NIH Researcher Auth Services initiative, which provides researchers with streamlined access to authorized systems

A researcher accessing NIH data resources can log in with eRA Commons, NIH, or Login.gov credentials.

Common Fund Data Ecosystem (CFDE)
Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource Center (KFDRC)
Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC)
Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP)
BioData Catalyst (BDC, formerly DataSTAGE)
Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL)
NDA Data Archive (NDA)
All of Us (AoU)

August 2020 – Phase 2 Partner Development Workshop

With COVID-19 preventing travel and large gatherings, January workshop attendees joined a virtual workshop to hear Phase 1 partner system lessons learned, progress updates, and view demonstrations of the new researcher workflows facilitated by their RAS integrations. Phase 2 partner system developers described their integration use cases and technical requirements for RAS Phase 2, including an extension of RAS-federated identity providers, accounting linking, and user experience modifications. RAS Phase 2 features are scoped for code completion in early November so RAS can deploy updates before the end of the year.

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) attended the workshop as potential future RAS partners.

January 2020 – Phase 1 Partner Development Workshop

January 2020 Workshop attendees gathered around a table

The RAS team hosted a workshop at NIH to provide partners with an update on the current state of RAS and the identity and access data available in RAS. The workshop also provided participants an opportunity to agree on the design for each RAS integration use case (interoperability step-by-step, application-to-application) and define the data to be contained within the tokens.

In addition to the participating NIH ICs, the following organizations were present: University of Chicago, Gen3, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Broad Institute, Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), Seven Bridges, Globus, Johns Hopkins, University of Maryland, and Institute for Systems Biology (ISB).

Important progress was made toward finalizing the initial architecture for Phase 1 of RAS-IC System integration use cases (CRDC/AnVIL, KFDRC/BioData Catalyst), and discussions were initiated for Phase 2 integrations (NDA, AoU, CFDE, NCBI). RAS also gathered requirements for security, technical research spikes, the first RAS-dbGaP Visa (based on GA4GH standards (link is external) ), and longer-term requirements.

October 2019 – Globus-eRA Integration

NIH staff and extramural researchers with an electronic Research Administration (eRA) Commons account can now use those credentials with Globus to access resources and services. This integration is the result of a partnership between the NIH CIT and Globus, a division of the University of Chicago that provides data management capabilities—including managed data transfer and sharing—to research organizations.

When a researcher visits Globus, he or she will be able to login using eRA Commons credentials thanks to the OpenID Connect protocol. This new NIH capability provides greater flexibility and can be rapidly adopted and extended to support other integration partners in the future.

This page last reviewed on March 24, 2023

This page last reviewed on May 2, 2022

An assassination plot on American soil reveals a darker side of Modi’s India

The White House went to extraordinary lengths last year to welcome Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a state visit meant to bolster ties with an ascendant power and potential partner against China.

Tables on the South Lawn were decorated with lotus blooms, the symbol of Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party. A chef was flown in from California to preside over a vegetarian menu. President Biden extolled the shared values of a relationship “built on mutual trust, candor and respect.”

But even as the Indian leader was basking in U.S. adulation on June 22, an officer in India’s intelligence service was relaying final instructions to a hired hit team to kill one of Modi’s most vocal critics in the United States.

The assassination is a “priority now,” wrote Vikram Yadav, an officer in India’s spy agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, or RAW, according to current and former U.S. and Indian security officials.

Repression’s long arm

Yadav forwarded details about the target, Sikh activist Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, including his New York address, according to the officials and a U.S. indictment. As soon as the would-be assassins could confirm that Pannun, a U.S. citizen, was home, “it will be a go ahead from us.”

Yadav’s identity and affiliation, which have not previously been reported, provide the most explicit evidence to date that the assassination plan — ultimately thwarted by U.S. authorities — was directed from within the Indian spy service. Higher-ranking RAW officials have also been implicated, according to current and former Western security officials, as part of a sprawling investigation by the CIA, FBI and other agencies that has mapped potential links to Modi’s inner circle.

In reports that have been closely held within the American government, U.S. intelligence agencies have assessed that the operation targeting Pannun was approved by the RAW chief at the time, Samant Goel. That finding is consistent with accounts provided to The Washington Post by former senior Indian security officials who had knowledge of the operation and said Goel was under extreme pressure to eliminate the alleged threat of Sikh extremists overseas. U.S. spy agencies have more tentatively assessed that Modi’s national security adviser, Ajit Doval, was probably aware of RAW’s plans to kill Sikh activists, but officials emphasized that no smoking gun proof has emerged.

Neither Doval nor Goel responded to calls and text messages seeking comment.

This examination of Indian assassination plots in North America, and RAW’s increasingly aggressive global posture, is based on interviews with more than three dozen current and former senior officials in the United States, India, Canada, Britain, Germany and Australia. Citing security concerns and the sensitivity of the subject, most spoke on the condition of anonymity.

That India would pursue lethal operations in North America has stunned Western security officials. In some ways, however, it reflects a profound shift in geopolitics. After years of being treated as a second-tier player, India sees itself as a rising force in a new era of global competition, one that even the United States cannot afford to alienate.

Asked why India would risk attempting an assassination on U.S. soil, a Western security official said: “Because they knew they could get away with it.”

The foiled assassination was part of an escalating campaign of aggression by RAW against the Indian diaspora in Asia, Europe and North America, officials said. The plot in the United States coincided with the June 18 shooting death of Sikh activist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Surrey, B.C., near Vancouver — an operation also linked to Yadav, according to Western officials. Both plots took place amid a wave of violence in Pakistan, where at least 11 Sikh or Kashmiri separatists living in exile and labeled terrorists by the Modi government have been killed over the past two years.

The Indian intelligence service has ramped up its surveillance and harassment of Sikhs and other groups overseas perceived as disloyal to the Modi government, officials said. RAW officers and agents have faced arrest, expulsion and reprimand in countries including Australia, Germany and Britain, according to officials who provided details to The Post that have not previously been made public.

The revelations have added to Western concerns about Modi, whose tenure has been marked by economic growth and rising global stature for India, but also deepening authoritarianism. A recent report by Freedom House, a human rights organization, listed India among the world’s practitioners of “transnational repression,” a term for governments’ use of intimidation or violence against their own citizens — dissidents, activists, journalists — in others’ sovereign territory.

India is part of an expanding roster of countries employing tactics previously associated with China, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and other repressive regimes. It is a trend fueled by factors ranging from surging strains of nationalism and authoritarianism to the spread of social media and spyware that both empower and endanger dissident groups.

India’s Ministry of External Affairs declined to respond to detailed questions submitted by The Post or provide comment for this article. Responding to questions raised by a Post reporter at a news briefing last week, spokesman Randhir Jaiswal said that India was still investigating the allegations and that the Pannun case “equally impacts our national security.”

Jaiswal referred reporters to previous ministry statements that targeted killings are “not our policy.”

For the Biden administration, which has spent three years cultivating closer ties with India, the assassination plots have pitted professed values against strategic interests.

Last July, White House officials began holding high-level meetings to discuss ways to respond without risking a wider rupture with India, officials said. CIA Director William J. Burns and others have been deployed to confront officials in the Modi government and demand accountability. But the United States has so far imposed no expulsions, sanctions or other penalties.

Even the U.S. criminal case reflects this restraint. Senior officials at the Justice Department and FBI had pushed to prosecute Yadav, officials said, a step that would have implicated RAW in a murder-for-hire conspiracy. But while a U.S. indictment unsealed in November contained the bombshell allegation that the plot was directed by an Indian official, it referred to Yadav as only an unnamed co-conspirator, “CC-1,” and made no mention of the Indian spy agency.

Justice Department officials who took part in the White House deliberations sided against those urging criminal charges against Yadav. Administration officials denied any undue influence. “Charging decisions are the prerogative of law enforcement alone,” said National Security Council spokesperson Adrienne Watson, “and the Biden NSC has rigorously respected that independence.”

The only U.S. charges made public to date are against an alleged middleman, Nikhil Gupta, who is described in the indictment as an Indian drug and weapons trafficker enlisted to hire a contract killer. Gupta, an Indian national who has denied the charges, was arrested in Prague on June 30 and remains in prison. He is awaiting a Czech court ruling on a U.S. request for his extradition.

Even in recent days, the Biden administration has taken steps to contain the fallout from the assassination plot. White House officials warned the Modi government this month that The Post was close to publishing an investigation that would reveal new details about the case. It did so without notifying The Post.

Laying a trap

For decades, RAW was regarded as a regional player, preoccupied by proxy wars with Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence spy agency. Under Modi, however, RAW has been wielded as a weapon against dissidents in India’s vast global diaspora, according to current and former U.S. and Indian officials.

The U.S. operation shows how RAW tried to export tactics it has used for years in countries neighboring India, officials said, including the use of criminal syndicates for operations it doesn’t want traced to New Delhi. It also exposed what former Indian security officials described as disturbing lapses in judgment and tradecraft.

After the plot against Pannun failed, the decision to entrust Yadav with the high-risk mission sparked recriminations within the agency, former officials said. Rather than joining RAW as a junior officer, Yadav had been brought in midcareer from India’s less prestigious Central Reserve Police Force, said one former official. As a result, the official said, Yadav lacked training and skills needed for an operation that meant going up against sophisticated U.S. counterintelligence capabilities.

Attempts by The Post to locate or contact Yadav were unsuccessful. A former Indian security official said he was transferred back to the Central Reserve Police Force after the Pannun plot unraveled.

The U.S. affidavit describes Yadav as an “associate” of Gupta who procured the alleged drug trafficker’s help by arranging for the dismissal of criminal charges he faced in India. Gupta had a history of collaborating with India’s security services on operations in Afghanistan and other countries, according to a person with knowledge of his background, but he had never been used for jobs in the West.

Petr Slepicka, a lawyer in Prague who represents Gupta, declined to comment on the case except to say that his client denies the charges against him. In court filings in India, Gupta’s family members described him as an innocent “middle-class businessman” whose arrest was a case of mistaken identity. They said he traveled to Prague “for tourism” and to explore new markets for a “handicraft” business, according to the court filings.

Yadav and Gupta spent weeks trading encrypted texts about the plot to kill Pannun, according to a U.S. affidavit filed in support of the request for Gupta’s extradition. To find a willing assassin, Gupta reached out to someone he had been in touch with for at least eight years and understood to be a drug and weapons dealer. In reality, according to the affidavit, the supposed dealer was an informant for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.

The two were discussing “another potential firearms and narcotics transaction,” according to the affidavit when, on May 30, Gupta abruptly asked “about the possibility of hiring someone to murder a lawyer living in New York.”

From that moment, U.S. agents had an inside but incomplete view of the unfolding conspiracy. They orchestrated Gupta’s introduction to a supposed assassin who was actually an undercover agent, according to court filings. They captured images of cash changing hands in a car in New York City — a $15,000 down payment on a job that was to cost $100,000 when completed.

At one point, the indictment said, U.S. agents even got footage of Gupta turning his camera toward three men “dressed in business attire, sitting around a conference room,” an apparent reference to Indian operatives overseeing the mission. “We are all counting on you,” Gupta told the purported assassin on the video call, according to the indictment.

Yadav indicated that there would be more jobs after Pannun, including one “big target” in Canada. But a separate hit team got to that assignment first, according to the U.S. indictment, suggesting that RAW was working with multiple criminal elements.

Hours after Nijjar was gunned down in his car on June 18 outside the Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara temple in Surrey, Yadav sent a video clip to Gupta “showing Nijjar’s bloody body slumped in his vehicle,” according to the indictment.

The message arrived as U.S. authorities were laying a trap for Gupta. Seeking to draw him out of India and into a friendly jurisdiction, U.S. agents used their DEA informant to persuade Gupta to travel to the Czech Republic for what he was led to believe would be a clandestine meeting with his American contact, according to officials familiar with the operation.

Gupta arrived in Prague on June 30 — 11 days after Czech authorities, acting at the behest of U.S. officials, had secretly issued an arrest warrant for him.

As he exited Vaclav Havel Airport, Gupta was intercepted by Czech police, who ushered him into a vehicle in which two U.S. federal agents were waiting, according to court filings submitted by Gupta’s family in India. He was questioned for hours while the car meandered around the city. His laptop was seized and his phone held to his face to unlock it, according to the family petition.

Gupta was eventually deposited in Prague’s Pankrac Prison, where he remains awaiting possible extradition. Seeking help, Gupta’s family tried to reach Yadav last year but could find no trace of him, according to a person familiar with the matter. After months of near-constant contact with Gupta, the person said, CC-1 had “disappeared.”

Engaging with the underworld

Though Yadav served as RAW’s point man, current and former officials said the operation involved higher-ranking officials with ties to Modi’s inner circle. Among those suspected of involvement or awareness are Goel and Doval, though U.S. officials said there is no direct evidence so far of their complicity.

As RAW chief at the time, Goel was “under pressure” to neutralize the alleged threat posed by Sikh extremists overseas, said a former Indian security official. Goel reported to Doval, and had ties to the hard-line national security adviser going back decades.

Both had built their reputations in the 1980s, when the country’s security services battled Sikh separatists and Muslim militants. They were part of a generation of security professionals shaped by those conflicts much the way their U.S. counterparts came to be defined by the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.

Doval, 79, has claimed roles in undercover missions from the jungles of Myanmar to the back alleys of Lahore, Pakistan — tales that contributed to his frequent depiction in the press as the “James Bond of India.”

He also exhibited a willingness to engage with the criminal underworld. In 2005, after retiring as head of India’s domestic intelligence service, he was inadvertently detained by Mumbai police while meeting with a reputed gangster. Doval was seeking to enlist one crime boss to assassinate another, according to media reports later confirmed by senior Indian officials.

Before being tapped as national security adviser by Modi in 2014, Doval publicly called for India’s security apparatus to shift from “defense” to “defensive offense” against groups threatening India from other countries, especially Pakistan.

Goel, who was then rising into the senior ranks at RAW, shared Doval’s instincts. Police forces under Goel’s command in the early 1990s were tied to more than 120 cases of alleged extrajudicial killings, forced disappearances or torture, according to a database maintained by Ensaaf, an Indian human rights group based in the United States. Goel was so closely associated with the brutal crackdown that he became an assassination target, according to associates who said he took to traveling in a bulletproof vehicle.

Former Indian officials who know both men said Goel would not have proceeded with assassination plots in North America without the approval of his superior and protector.

“We always had to go to the NSA for clearance for any operations,” said A.S. Dulat, who served as RAW chief in the early 2000s, referring to the national security adviser. Dulat emphasized in an interview with The Post that he did not have inside knowledge of the alleged operations, and that assassinations were not part of RAW’s repertoire during his tenure.

U.S. intelligence agencies have reached a similar conclusion. Given Doval’s reputation and the hierarchical nature of the Indian system, CIA analysts have assessed that Doval probably knew of or approved RAW’s plans to kill Sikhs his government considered terrorists, U.S. officials said.

A fierce crackdown

India’s shift to “defensive offense” was followed by a series of clashes between RAW and Western domestic security services.

In Australia, two RAW officers were expelled in 2020 after authorities broke up what Mike Burgess, head of the Australian intelligence service, described as a “nest of spies.”

Foreign officers were caught monitoring “their country’s diaspora community,” trying to penetrate local police departments and stealing information about sensitive security systems at Australian airports, Burgess said in a 2021 speech. He didn’t name the service, but Australian officials confirmed to The Post that it was RAW.

In Germany, federal police have made arrests in recent years to root out agents RAW had recruited within Sikh communities. Among them, German officials said, were a husband and wife who operated a website purportedly covering local Sikh events but who were secretly on RAW’s payroll.

In Britain, RAW’s surveillance and harassment of the Sikh population — especially a large concentration near Birmingham — became so egregious in 2014 and 2015 that MI5, Britain’s domestic security service, delivered warnings to Goel, who was then serving as RAW’s station chief in London.

When confronted, Goel scoffed at his counterparts and accused them of coddling Sikh activists he said should be considered terrorists, according to current and former British officials. After further run-ins, British authorities threatened to expel him, officials said. Instead, Goel returned to New Delhi and continued to climb RAW’s ranks until, in 2019, he was given the agency’s top job.

RAW’s record of aggressive activity in Britain has fanned suspicion that the agency was involved in the death of Sikh activist Avtar Singh Khanda, who died in Birmingham last year, three days before Nijjar was killed in Canada. British officials have said Khanda suffered from leukemia and died of natural causes, though his family and supporters have continued to press for further investigation.

A U.S. State Department human rights report released this month catalogued India’s alleged engagement in transnational repression. It cited credible accounts of “extraterritorial killing, kidnapping, forced returns or other violence,” as well as “threats, harassment, arbitrary surveillance and coercion” of overseas dissidents and journalists.

RAW’s operations in Western countries during Modi’s tenure have been overwhelmingly aimed at followers of the Sikh religion, especially a minority faction seeking to revive the largely dormant cause of creating a separate state called “Khalistan.”

That movement had peaked in the 1980s, when thousands were killed in violent skirmishes between the Indian government and Sikh insurgents. One brutal sequence beginning in 1984 included an Indian assault on the Sikh religion’s holiest site, the Golden Temple; the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by Sikhs in her security detail; and the bombing of an Air India flight widely attributed to Sikh extremists. A fierce crackdown quashed the insurgency, prompting an exodus of Sikhs to diaspora communities in Canada, the United States and Britain.

As Sikhs settled into their new lives abroad, the Khalistani cause went quiet until a new generation of activists — whose leaders included Pannun and Nijjar — sought to rekindle the movement with unofficial referendums on Sikh statehood and with protests that at times have seemed to glorify violence. A parade in Canada last year included a float depicting Indira Gandhi’s assassination, and Khalistan supporters have stormed and defaced Indian diplomatic facilities in Western cities.

The effort has seemed to gain little traction beyond a minority within the diaspora community. Even so, it has been portrayed as a resurgent menace by Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. Indian officials have accused Canada and the United States of harboring Sikh separatists who they say have plotted attacks and smuggled weapons into India.

Ajai Sahni, executive director of the Institute for Conflict Management in New Delhi and an expert on the insurgency in Punjab, said BJP depictions of the Sikh threat are “far in excess of what actually exists.” Officials have political incentive to exaggerate, he said, “because it is useful to polarize and to keep a threat alive so the state can present itself as a guarantor of security to 80 percent of the country — the Hindus — who are supposedly in danger.”

In recent years, Pannun and Nijjar had come to personify that alleged danger. In 2020, both men were declared terrorists by Modi’s government under an amended law that was denounced by U.N. officials and human rights groups for depriving suspects of due process. Their organization, Sikhs for Justice, was accused of leading “a concerted secessionist campaign.”

In an interview with The Post, Pannun denied engaging in terrorism and said he was targeted because of his activism on behalf of Sikhs. “They wanted to assassinate me so they can stop the ongoing Khalistan referendum movement for the secession of Punjab from Indian occupation,” he said.

In his few public remarks on the plots to kill Pannun and Nijjar , Modi has been dismissive. “If a citizen of ours has done anything good or bad, we are ready to look into it,” he said in an interview with the Financial Times published in late December. “Our commitment is to the rule of law.”

U.S. and Western security officials said it is unlikely that RAW would have launched such operations without a clear understanding that doing so would be met with approval by the prime minister.

Since coming to power in 2014, Modi has cultivated the aura of a Hindu strongman. He has jailed dissidents, released photos of himself riding in tanks and flying fighter jets, and boasted of ordering an airstrike in 2019 against nuclear-armed Pakistan.

Pro-Modi media outlets have burnished this bellicose image. Last year, as 11 alleged militants were killed in a wave of unclaimed attacks in Pakistan, favored Indian TV stations celebrated the “professional” killing of Khalistanis outside India’s borders. Among those killed was Paramjit Singh Panjwar, 63, a leader of a militant group called the Khalistan Commando Force, who was shot dead last May near a park in Lahore by two gunmen who fled on motorcycle, according to media reports.

Resolving the matter internally

Even as the alleged RAW assassination plots reached their final stages, officials in both the United States and Canada remained unaware of the full dimensions of the conspiracy.

In Canada, Nijjar’s death was at first assumed to be a case of score-settling between rival Sikh and criminal factions in British Colombia. In the United States, the Pannun plot was for weeks treated as a DEA case.

It wasn’t until Gupta’s arrest that U.S. officials obtained evidence that an officer in India’s spy service was behind the conspiracy, officials said. Devices seized from Gupta provided a trove of new intelligence, including his extensive communications with Yadav, officials said.

Shortly afterward, in July, the White House convened a series of “deputies committee” meetings led by deputy national security adviser Jon Finer and involving Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco and Deputy CIA Director David Cohen.

Those assembled confronted evidence of a grave violation of U.S. sovereignty by a nation seen as increasingly indispensable in the global competition with China. After weeks of deliberations, administration officials settled on a plan they hoped would ward off future plots without causing deeper ruptures with India.

In early August, the administration dispatched CIA Director Burns to New Delhi to confront his counterparts with intelligence on the Pannun plot and give Modi’s government a chance to resolve the matter internally. The United States would refrain from punitive responses but pushed India to hold those responsible accountable. The message was reinforced in subsequent closed-door conversations, including a private meeting in New Delhi in September between Modi and Biden, officials said.

There would be no expulsions of RAW officers or economic sanctions against India. A deal to sell up to $4 billion in U.S. armed drones to India, briefly put on pause, was allowed to proceed when key congressional leaders signed off. Justice Department officials opted for at least the time being not to file charges against Yadav.

The approach has struck some as too accommodating. Several current and former officials noted that, in contrast to the decision on Yadav, the United States has in recent years filed charges against Russian and Iranian intelligence officers in alleged plots on American soil.

A Justice Department spokesperson declined to comment on the India case, saying it is an “ongoing matter.”

The treatment of India does, however, have echoes of how the United States dealt with Saudi Arabia after Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman was implicated in the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a U.S. resident and Washington Post contributing columnist who was killed and dismembered in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.

White House officials defend their actions, saying that in private meetings Modi and his closest advisers have taken the matter seriously and pledged accountability. Officials noted that Yadav could still be charged and other penalties imposed if New Delhi fails to follow through on these commitments.

Canada, which has the world’s largest Sikh population outside India, took a more forceful approach. In September, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau publicly accused India of complicity in the killing of Nijjar and expelled RAW’s station chief in Ottawa.

Relations between the countries went into a tailspin. Canada withdrew 41 diplomats from India after Modi’s government threatened to revoke their legally protected status. Canadian officials who traveled to New Delhi for meetings with Doval and others said they were greeted with denials of Indian involvement and lectures on alleged Sikh terrorism.

Canadian intelligence agencies saw a surge in communications from Indian officials in Delhi to Indian diplomats in Ottawa conspicuously professing ignorance about who was responsible for Nijjar’s killing — exchanges that Canadian officials came to regard as disinformation intended to be intercepted and confuse investigators, officials said.

The standoff eased over the ensuing months, officials said, as Modi officials facing U.S.-provided evidence came to realize that their denials were untenable.

‘The New India’

There are indications that India planned a broader wave of killings in the United States and Canada.

Yadav had told Gupta there were “three or four” other people RAW wanted dead once Nijjar and Pannun had been assassinated, according to the affidavit. Gupta, in turn, told a U.S. agent posing as a hit man that there are “so many targets.”

In the past two years, at least five Sikh activists in the United States and five in Canada were warned by law enforcement to take precautions. Among them was Pritpal Singh in Fremont, Calif., who said he was visited by FBI agents days after Nijjar was killed.

India continues to treat the matter with a mixture of indignation and resignation.

The government appointed a special panel to investigate the attacks and report its findings to the United States. A U.S. delegation that traveled to New Delhi several weeks ago for an update on the probe, however, returned with little evidence of meaningful progress. Indian officials gave no indication that their investigation would implicate senior officials in Modi’s government, said officials briefed on the trip, and pressed their U.S. visitors to supply more information supporting their allegations.

Goel stepped down as RAW chief on June 30 — the day Gupta was taken into custody. Weeks earlier, Goel had sounded confident about securing a contract extension, a friend said.

RAW has called back officers in Washington, San Francisco and elsewhere with ties to Goel. But others remain overseas, including operatives assigned to the consulate in Vancouver whom Canadian officials said they suspect of having provided logistics or intelligence support to Nijjar’s assailants. An investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is ongoing.

Some in India have bristled at what they perceive as a Western double standard. Citing the campaigns of targeted killings carried out by the United States after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, they question why Delhi should not be entitled to take similar measures against those it deems terrorists.

Western officials reject the comparison, noting that U.S. counterterrorism operations, including drone strikes, were largely confined to ungoverned territories — not major cities in partner democracies.

For Modi, the assassination allegations appear to have only bolstered his political standing.

Almost a year after he was feted at the White House, the Indian prime minister is poised to clinch a third term in national elections that began this month. At a recent campaign rally in Rajasthan state, Modi told thousands of cheering supporters, “Today, even India’s enemies know: This is Modi, this is the New India.”

“This New India,” he added, “comes into your home to kill you.”

Cate Brown, Souad Mekhennet and Aaron Schaffer in Washington, Karishma Mehrotra in New Delhi and Ladka Bauerova in Prague contributed to this report.

Meet your Government
Departments/Agencies

Research and Analysis Wing

India’s Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is the country’s premier intelligence agency. Established to satisfy the need for increased intelligence that was identified during the 1962 Sino-Indian Border War and during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, RAW was created in 1968 to handle India’s external intelligence affairs.

Currently, RAW operates under the Prime Minster’s Office, and was intentionally established as a “wing” versus an “agency” in order to bypass agency reporting requirements to Parliament’s Right to Information Act. Accordingly, it is hard to find detailed information about the organization.

Since its inception, RAW is credited with providing intelligence support to many significant operations on foreign soil. However, as with all of India’s intelligence organizations, RAW is not without flaws. RAW is known for not working in cooperation with the Intelligence Bureau or other Indian intelligence agencies. This lack of cooperation and coordination has led to multiple inquiries into RAW’s true analytic capabilities and their overall relevance to the protection of Indian interests.

Prior to 1968, India’s Intelligence Bureau (IB) was responsible for all of India’s internal and external intelligence activities; however, the bureau was not equipped to handle the demands of both missions. This became apparent when India’s lack of Foreign Intelligence collection against China resulted in India’s defeat during the 1962 Sino-Indian border war. Three years later, the Indo-Pakistani war reinforced India’s need for a separate and distinct external intelligence organization.

In 1968, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi appointed R. N. Kao as the first director of RAW. With 250 employees and a budget of $405,600, RAW undertook two primary missions:

Maintain awareness of the political and military activities of neighboring countries, primarily China and Pakistan
Promote the control of military equipment supplies into Pakistan

Under Kao’s leadership, from 1968 to 1977, RAW provided intelligence support, which resulted in many successful operations; the creation of Bangladesh in 1971, the defeat of Pakistan during the Kargil conflict of 1971, the accession of Sikkim in 1975, and the increase of Indian influence in Afghanistan.

With all of the organization’s successes throughout its first decade, RAW quickly grew in both personnel and financing. By the mid-1970’s, reports indicate RAW’s budget had jumped to $6.1 million and their workforce increased to several thousand. Additionally, as intelligence gaps were identified, Kao petitioned the Indian government to establish the Aviation Research Center (ARC), which would be responsible for providing aerial reconnaissance of neighboring countries. This capability allowed RAW to better prepare for impending conflict by obtaining overhead images of installations and activities along the Chinese and Pakistani borders.

Today, while there is no concrete data available to the public pertaining to the budget and staffing of RAW, a study conducted by the Federation of American Scientists suggests the organization has approximately 8,000 to 10,000 employees and a budget estimated at $145 million USD. One of the largest debates that presently surrounds RAW is the lack of transparency for their large budget.

Today, RAW is responsible for collecting military, economic, scientific, and political intelligence through covert and overt operations. RAW is also charged with monitoring terrorist elements and smuggling rings that transport weapons and ammunition into India.

RAW’s main area of focus is India’s neighbors, particularly China and Pakistan. Indian officials rely on the intelligence collected by RAW to shift national security policy, revise foreign policy, and to influence international public opinion. Additional responsibilities of RAW include:

Using the National Technical Facilities Organization (NTFO)
Utilizing technical espionage to monitor political and military changes in neighboring countries
Providing security services for India’s nuclear program
Collecting intelligence about the capabilities, limitations, leadership, and organization of known insurgent groups that operate in neighboring countries and project influence into India

Attached Bodies or Autonomous Bodies

Aerial Reconnaissance Centre

The ARC is responsible for collection of high quality overhead imagery of activities and installations in neighboring countries.

Special Frontier Force

A paramilitary force in India, the Special Frontier Force is headed by the inspector general who reports to the director general of security for RAW. While the force has functions independent of RAW, it is often fielded to support covert and overt RAW missions.

National Technical Facilities Organization/National Technical Research Organization

The function of the NTRO is suspected to be technological espionage. There are also indicators to suggest they perform imagery and communications analysis via varying platforms.

One of the controversies that surrounds RAW is the lack of transparency pertaining to its budget. Due to the highly sensitive nature of the organization’s mission, they do not have to answer to Parliament and are therefore exempt from the Right to Information Act that would require disclosure of use of funds. With speculation that RAW has a questionable analytical capability and that they don’t coordinate with India’s domestic intelligence organizations, there is growing pressure for RAW to provide information about how their budget is used.

RAW’s Lack of Transparency

Due to the highly secretive nature of RAW, the organization is open to significant levels of speculative controversies. The greatest controversy surrounding the organization since the time of its inception is the lack of transparency and lack of accountability to the Indian citizens. The fact that RAW is not answerable to the Right to Information Act leaves many questions in the minds of Indian citizens. For example, how does RAW spend its allocated budget? How many people does RAW employ? Is RAW tied into other intelligence agencies in India?

All of these are legitimate questions that become even more pressing when events such as the attacks in Mumbai occur with no advance warning. The citizens of India want to know that their premier intelligence agency is capable, competent, and effectively tied into India’s other agencies to ensure overall effectiveness of India’s intelligence apparatus.

Indian Spy Agencies To Come Under Parliament Oversight? (IANS)

India: possible misuse of new techint capabilities – analysis (by b. raman, eurasia review).

Sleuths Oppose Making Intelligence Agencies Accountable (by Iftikhar Gilani, Tehelka)

Accusations of Corruption

Another controversy that plagues RAW today is the suspicion of corruption at senior officer levels of the organization. The accusations against RAW include favoritism for promotion, misuse of funding, and internal rivalries that minimize the organization’s overall effectiveness.

An editorial in one of Sri Lanka’s leading papers, The Daily Mirror , accused RAW personnel of being morally bankrupt and spiritually barren. This comment was made in reference to an affair between a senior member of RAW and a senior member of another country’s “spy” agency, indicating that this was just one of many questionable activities occurring in the ranks of RAW.

Tale of RAW’s Underworld Mafia Don (by Makhdoom Babar, Daily Mail)

Maj Gen VK Singh's Fight against Corruption in RAW (Fight Corruption Now)

Support to Baloch Separatists

It is common knowledge that one of the main reasons RAW was initially established was to track activities of neighboring rival, Pakistan. The controversy, however, is to what degree India’s “spy agency” has been involved in trying to weaken Pakistan through covert activities supporting separatists in Balochistan .

One of RAWs claimed success stories is their involvement in Bangladesh’s declaration of independence from Pakistan in the 1970’s. Today, multiple reports indicate that RAW is playing a similar role in aiding the Baloch separatists who are trying to gain their independence from Pakistan as well. Pakistani’s believe India is supporting this activity in an attempt to weaken Pakistan and, eventually, aid in its collapse. India denies allegations of their involvement in Balochistan separatist activities and counters Pakistani claims by accusing Pakistan’s ISI of supporting the July 2008 bombing of the Indian Embassy in Kabul.

RAW Backed Baloch Separatists Attended Bonn Conference (Pakistan Observer)

India Running Terror Training Camps for Baloch Youths: Pak (by Rezaul H. Laskar, Outlook India)

'RAW Is Training 600 Balochis In Afghanistan' (by Mariana Baabar, Outlook India)

In the 1970’s, RAW provided weapons and training to the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) insurgency in order to promote instability in Sri Lanka. India’s reasoning behind this was that Sri Lanka had provided support to Pakistan during the Indo-Pak War. Then, in the 1980’s, LTTE’s terrorist activities grew out of control, even carrying over into the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. In 1989 India made a pact with Sri Lanka, agreeing to send peacekeeping troops into the country to try and contain the LTTE. This mission resulted in a humiliating loss for India when they lost to the LTTE soldiers they had trained and LTTE aggression was not contained. The final blow came when an LTTE suicide bomber assassinated Indian Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.

Today, controversy persists about the degree of RAW’s involvement and the level of their competence during operations in Sri Lanka. Many human rights organizations continue to criticize India and RAW for their involvement with LTTE.

Support to Sri Lankan LTTE (Council on Foreign Relations)

Understanding Relations Between RAW and LTTE (by Afshain Afzal, Daily News)

Indian Army & RAW Train Tamil Tiger [LTTE] Terrorists (IBNLive)

India’s Unconventional War Strategy (by Dr Shireen M Mazari, Defense Journal)

Establishment of Intelligence Oversight

The most common suggested reform pertaining to RAW is the call for the institution of an Oversight committee to maintain awareness of RAW’s capabilities, limitations, and financial expenditures. In September 2011 a bill was introduced to Congress – the Intelligence Services (Powers and Regulation) Bill, 2011. This bill called for monitoring of the Intelligence Bureau, the NTRO, and RAW.

Proponents of establishing intelligence oversight claim that these agencies need to have accountability to maintain effectiveness and to avoid the temptations of corrupt practices. The dissidents of intelligence oversight claim that the agencies in question will be weakened by such a requirement and that national security will be jeopardized.

Until Congress passes a bill that they find suitable to provide some oversight without compromising security, it is likely that citizens will continue to draft and recommend intelligence oversight reform plans for consideration in Congress.

Electronic Surveillance

One debate that currently persists is centered on recent reports of RAW acquiring legal permission to intercept Indian citizens’ phone calls, emails, and electronic communications. For the first time in the history of RAW, the organization is being granted permission to “spy” on Indian citizens. While the Indian government insists this is a necessary step, most Indian citizens are outraged.

Pro-Electronic Surveillance:

The Indian government argues that allowing RAW to monitor citizens’ phone calls, emails, and electronic communications is a necessary step to ensure the agency’s ability to legally obtain evidence against terrorists inside of India. The Ministry of Home Affairs issued this order shortly after the Hindu, working in conjunction with WikiLeaks, released multiple articles about India’s intelligence communications capabilities.

Proponents of domestic electronic surveillance argue that, prior to the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, investigators had access to intercepted communications between attackers and their Pakistan based handlers. They argue that the only way the intercepted communications would be admissible in court is if the collectors had legal cover.

R&AW Notified To Legally Intercept Phone, Emails (Nagaland Post)

RAW Gets Power To Tap Phones, Track Emails (Times of India)

Now, RAW Can Legally Intercept Calls, Emails (by Vinay Kumar, The Hindu)

Anti-Electronic Surveillance

On the opposite side of the argument, Indian citizens feel that providing RAW with legal permission to tap phones and track electronic activities is diminishing their rights to privacy. A report by Daily News and Analysis compared India’s domestic intelligence collection policies to those in the United States and Britain indicating that the U.S. and Britain have acts of Parliament in place to protect their citizens while the Indian parliament doesn’t offer such protection. They argue that the protective regulations that are in place are not established by Parliament, and therefore, offer limited protection. Ultimately, opponents to electronic surveillance argue that the right to privacy is the right of every Indian citizen under the Constitution of India and providing RAW legal cover to “spy” on India’s citizens is in direct violation of their guaranteed rights.

DNA Exclusive: RAW Invades your Privacy (by Salkat Datta and Manan Kumar, Daily News and Analysis)

Intelligence Oversight

Intelligence oversight is an ongoing debate in India because there is a fine line between the need for accountability and the need for secrecy within each intelligence agency. RAW’s exclusion from the Right to Information Act and their excessively secretive policies combined with previous incidents of security violations and indications of poorly executed intelligence missions draw increased attention during the debate over the need for intelligence oversight. Consequently, many Indian citizens believe that the increased intelligence oversight would greatly improve the capabilities of India’s intelligence agencies; however, others believe that oversight would do nothing more than jeopardize national security.

Pro-Intelligence Oversight

Congress Lok Sabha MP Manish Tewari recently introduced a private member’s bill , the Intelligence Services (Powers and Regulation) Bill, 2011, to Congress. Along with supporters of the intelligence oversight debate, Tewari believes that the lack of checks and balances for India’s IB, RAW, and NTRO have lead to problems like corruption, inaccurate intelligence analysis, abuse of funding, and lack of coordination and effectiveness among intelligence agencies. Supporters of intelligence oversight believe that this measure of accountability will enable India’s intelligence agencies to operate much more effectively and efficiently.

Eye on the Spies (The Telegraph)

Anti-Intelligence Oversight

Opposition to the idea of intelligence oversight feels that Parliamentary oversight of the intelligence structure in India will present roadblocks to the operations of the affected agencies. Former National Security Advisor, Brajesh Mishra, is among those who are concerned about the impact oversight will have on the ability of the intelligence community to perform their duties without jeopardizing national security.

The Intelligence Services (Powers and Regulation) Bill, 2011 (by Shayam Prasad, CJNews India)

Sanjeev K Tripathi (2010 – 2012)

Between December 2010 and December 2012, Sanjeev K Tripathi served as the 19th Secretary (Research), the head of RAW.

Born Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, in December 1950, Tripathi joined the Indian Police Services UP cadre in 1972. A few years later, Tripathi transferred to the Research and Analysis Services, RAS, a feeder for India’s external intelligence agency, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW).

Tripathi appears to have advanced his career through powerful connections. He married the daughter of GS Bajpai, who headed R&AW in 1990 and 1991, coincidentally; the same year the Sri Lankan separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam assassinated former Prime Minister Rajeev Gandhi.

Tripathi later found a mentor in Ashok Chaturvedi—Secretary (R) from 2007 to 2009. In 2009, Tripathi took charge of RAW’s Aviation Research Centre, (ARC).

Despite his connections, Tripathi’s ascent to lead India’s apex spy agency was replete with the sort of high bureaucratic drama that often typifies Indian politics.

Before retiring, Chaturvedi pushed for Tripathi to head RAW but National Security Adviser MK Narayanan prevented the appointment. Narayanan instead tapped his Special Secretary in the agency, PV Kumar—they both hail from Kerala. But the Home Minister, P Chidambaram due to his ongoing turf battle with Narayanan, vetoed the NSA’s efforts and he finally installed his own security adviser, KC Verma, the chief. Chidambaram reportedly forced Narayanan out in January 2010.

Verma was to retire on January 31, 2011, by the time Tripathi would have had already retired. Verma, after in-house political maneuvering, decided to resign in late December 2010, which allowed Tripathi to head RAW.

On becoming the chief, Tripathi thwarted hopes of AK Arni to lead the agency. Arni was the last of the Kaoboys—officers of RAS cadre recruited during first RAW chief RN Kao’s tenure.

Tripathi is no stranger to scandal. During a posting in Mauritius, his wife exhibited her paintings at the Indian High Commission, drawing criticism. While heading ARC, he allowed Chaturvedi and his wife to use the agency’s helicopter for personal travel.

More serious allegations of malfeasance came in 2009, when ARC awarded the Israeli firm ELTA a $300 million USD equipment contract. Though rumored to have an interest in the deal, a government investigation cleared him of wrongdoing in 2011.

Chaturvedi further tainted Tripathi. One former R&AW man, Major General V.K. Singh, published a book accusing Chaturvedi and Tripathi of trying to sabotage his career. And after Chaturvedi’s alcohol-related death in 2011, many more corruption allegations surfaced.

In August 2012, RAW recalled their Beijing station chief and dismissed him. A few national newspapers broke with unspoken media protocol and reported the firing.

K. C. Verma (2009-2010)

K.C. Verma started out at the Intelligence Bureau. After 30 years with the IB, in 2005, he was appointed as the head of the Narcotics Control Bureau. He was later promoted to Secretary of Security and, for a short time, served as the Internal Security Adviser to the Home Minister before being selected to succeed Ashok Chaturvedi as the Chief of RAW.

Verma’s greatest challenge during his time as chief was to implement measures to slow or stop corruption throughout the organization. Controversies that persist today indicate that he failed to accomplish this mission.

Ashok Chaturvedi (2007 -2009)

Ashok Chaturvedi took office amongst layers of controversy, as his appointment was contested by many in the intelligence community who believed he was not qualified for the position, and may ultimately jeopardize Indian national security interests. During his time as the chief of the external intelligence agency, controversies and intelligence failures plagued RAW and damaged the agency’s reputation.

P. K. Hormis Tharakan (2005-2007)

Prior to becoming the chief of RAW, P.K. Tharakan was the director of the Kerala Police. Reports indicate that he transformed the Karala Police and, Prime Minister Singh appointed him to head RAW in hopes that he would transform the spy agency as well. Tharakan was an IPS Officer of the Kerala Cadre, 1968 batch.

C. D. Sahay (2003-2005)

Sahay was appointed as the 15th Chief of RAW. He spent the majority of his career serving in various capacities within RAW, all of which culminated in his appointment as Chief. Sahay is the first RAW Chief to have undergone intelligence training in Israel.

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Research and Analysis Wing
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW, RAW) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme.. During the nine-year tenure of its first Secretary ...
#CareerBytes: How to join R&AW? Here's everything you should know
R&AW created its own service cadre, Research and Analysis Services (RAS), in 1983 to recruit talent from other Group A Civil Services, under the Central Staffing Scheme.
How To Join RAW India (Research And Analysis Wing)
The Research and Analysis Wing, commonly referred to by its acronym RAW, stands as the forefront of ensuring national security, engaging in critical operations that safeguard India from external threats. ... Successful candidates are recruited through the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) cadre, part of the Central Staffing Scheme, and ...
RAW: Full Form, How to Join in India 2024, Eligibility, Age Limit
RAW is an acronym for India's Research and Analysis Wing, a foreign intelligence service. It was established on September 21st, 1968. RAW's job is to gather intelligence on other nations, especially those that are near India, so that it can stop current dangers to India, create suitable policies in response, establish international ties, and do ...
How to Join RAW in India 2023
RAW established the Research and Analysis Wing (RAS) in 1983 as its own service cadre to address allegations of nepotism. RAS selects talented individuals from Group A Civil Services under the Central Staffing Scheme. RAW recruits candidates from distinguished positions such as the Armed Forces, Administrative Services, Police Services or other ...
How to Join RAW in India? Know UPSC, Defence, IB Intelligence Officer
Later, RAW started recruiting graduates from Universities. In 1983, RAW established the Research and Analysis Wing (RAS) to select talent from Group A Civil Services under the Central Staffing Scheme.
How To Join Raw In India: Check Recruitment Process, Eligibility
However, after the getting the allegations of nepotism during the appointments RAW in 1983 had created its service cadre i.e. RAS (Research and Analysis Service) for selecting the talents from Group A Civil Services which comes under the Central Staffing Scheme. Below are the steps for how the RAW officers are recruited and complete the ...
How to join RAW (Research and Analysis Wing), Need & Recruitment
The R&AW created its own cadre in 1983, the Research and Analysis Services (RAS) to absorb young civil servants. These officers after completing their foundational course are interviewed by RAW officials against Psychological tests and interview. These are then under a lien period of 1 year after which they can choose to join RAW permanently.
Research and Analysis Wing of India
From 1983 R&AW created its own service cadre, the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) to absorb talent from other UPSC Group A officer cadre. Direct recruitment at Class I executive level is from Civil services officers undergoing Foundation course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration. At the end of the course, R&AW ...
Sanjeev Tripathi
Sanjeev Tripathi is member of the BJP and former Secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing. Tripathi is the son-in-law of Former R&AW secretary, G.S. Bajpai, and comes from a family of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. A keen sportsman, he topped the civil service exam in 1972, and joined the Uttar Pradesh cadre. Few years later, he switched to RAW ...
RAS Initiative
The National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative endeavors to better understand the RAS oncogene and discover its vulnerabilities to treat RAS-related cancers. About one-third of all human cancers are driven by mutations of the RAS family of genes. Though scientists have known about RAS for more than 30 years, a treatment to block the oncogene has been elusive.
Bharath asked: How about a website for RAW and can we recruit more
Recruitment to the Research & Analysis cadre (RAS) - began in 1971. Several lateral entrants got absorbed in this service in the first flush- from 1971 to 1977 -through an elaborately framed system of written examinations followed by personality and psychological test and interviews. A second phase of direct recruitment was taken up from 1985 ...
The RAW: Understanding India's External Intelligence Agency
Today, R&AW has its own service cadre, the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) to absorb talent. Recruitment is mostly by deputation from the Armed Forces or Civil Service Officers. The Civil and Defense Service Officers permanently resign their cadre and join the Research and Analysis Service (RAS). However, according to recent reports ...
RAS Tools and Resources
RAS Tools and Resources. Researchers with the NCI RAS Initiative have developed a variety of unique reagents, assays, and tools for use within the program at the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR). One of our priorities is to share these valuable resources with the larger RAS community to increase the efficiency of all ...
Researcher Auth Service Initiative
About the Researcher Auth Service Initiative. The NIH is the largest biomedical research agency in the world and home to many valuable data resources and platforms at the forefront of data science. These resources are stewarded by the NIH Institutes, Centers, and Office. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Researcher Auth Service (RAS ...
PDF A Comparison between Parliamentary Information Service and Research
Information Service (PIS) of NAL and Research Analysis Service (RAS) of NARS will be introduced with focus onspecificthe " Fact Book" of NAL and the "Policy Report" of NARS. The unit of analysis, with regard to the published materials, is resource and information a provision method as requested by the users.
PDF Federal Reserve Bank of New York Research Analyst Program
analysis often culminates in reports or presentations to the Bank's president and senior management. Assisting economists in long-term, academically oriented research projects RAs help economists plan and execute long-term research on a wide range of applied and theoretical topics. Many RAs have the opportunity to coauthor scholarly articles.
India's intelligence service takes a deadly turn and stuns Washington
The assassination is a "priority now," wrote Vikram Yadav, an officer in India's spy agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, or RAW, according to current and former U.S. and Indian security ...
B. Services Provided by Research and Analytic Services
RAS Expertise and Services. Research and Analytic Services (RAS) was primarily established to provide analytic support for Title VII, EPA, and ADEA class and pattern or practice cases in litigation and enforcement. ... The report should be examined to see whether it contains a separate "job analysis" section which, in most instances, should be ...
Research and Analytical Services
Research & Analytical Services (RAS) professionals lead informed and collaborative planning and decision-making at all levels of the College through research design, data collection and analysis, reports of findings, and recommendations for performance excellence in the accomplishment of the South Texas College comprehensive mission. RAS is the ...
India
A few years later, Tripathi transferred to the Research and Analysis Services, RAS, a feeder for India's external intelligence agency, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). Tripathi appears to have advanced his career through powerful connections. He married the daughter of GS Bajpai, who headed R&AW in 1990 and 1991, coincidentally; the same ...
Research Assistance Services
The College of Education's Research Assistance Services (RAS) provides faculty and graduate students with advice, assistance, and instruction in qualitative research, quantitative research, and academic writing. The RAS is staffed by three advanced doctoral students: 1) a qualitative methodologist, 2) a quantitative methodologist, and 3) a ...
RAS Institute
Featured Research. The ENVE Committeeplays a key role within the Committee of the Regions. Recently, several key opinions have been adopted. Among them are namely: Bio-diverse cities and regions beyond 2020 at the UN CBD COP 15 and in the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, adopted in October 2020. The document adopt the official position of the ...
Researcher Auth Service (RAS)- DOCS
Researcher Auth Service (RAS), sponsored by The Office of Data Science Strategy, is a service provided by NIH's Center for Information Technology to facilitate access to NIH's open and controlled data assets and repositories, in a consistent and user-friendly manner. The RAS initiative is advancing data infrastructure and ecosystem goals ...
Thomas Yassmin Draft and Combine Prospect Profile
All Combine and Draft-Related Analysis, News, Video, and Biographical Information for prospect?.Person?.DisplayName
Increased Subsidies for NIH NRSA Scholars
National Institutes of Health will increase annual pay levels for recipients of the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards (NRSA). Predoctoral scholars will receive an approximate 4% increase in their pay level, bringing it to $28,224.
Fact Sheet on FTC's Proposed Final Noncompete Rule
Reduced health care costs: $74-$194 billion in reduced spending on physician services over the next decade. New business formation: 2.7% increase in the rate of new firm formation, resulting in over 8,500 additional new businesses created each year. Rise in innovation: an average of 17,000-29,000 more patents each year for the next ten years.