role of science and technology in philippine nation building essay

• Undergraduate
• High School
• Architecture
• American History
• Asian History
• Antique Literature
• American Literature
• Asian Literature
• Classic English Literature
• World Literature
• Creative Writing
• Linguistics
• Criminal Justice
• Legal Issues
• Anthropology
• Archaeology
• Political Science
• World Affairs
• African-American Studies
• East European Studies
• Latin-American Studies
• Native-American Studies
• West European Studies
• Family and Consumer Science
• Social Issues
• Women and Gender Studies
• Social Work
• Natural Sciences
• Pharmacology
• Earth science
• Agriculture
• Agricultural Studies
• Computer Science
• IT Management
• Mathematics
• Investments
• Engineering and Technology
• Engineering
• Aeronautics
• Medicine and Health
• Alternative Medicine
• Communications and Media
• Advertising
• Communication Strategies
• Public Relations
• Educational Theories
• Teacher's Career
• Chicago/Turabian
• Company Analysis
• Education Theories
• Shakespeare
• Canadian Studies
• Food Safety
• Relation of Global Warming and Extreme Weather Condition
• Movie Review
• Admission Essay
• Annotated Bibliography
• Application Essay
• Article Critique

Article Review

• Article Writing
• Book Review
• Business Plan
• Business Proposal
• Capstone Project
• Cover Letter
• Creative Essay
• Dissertation
• Dissertation - Abstract
• Dissertation - Conclusion
• Dissertation - Discussion
• Dissertation - Hypothesis
• Dissertation - Introduction
• Dissertation - Literature
• Dissertation - Methodology
• Dissertation - Results
• GCSE Coursework
• Grant Proposal
• Marketing Plan
• Multiple Choice Quiz
• Personal Statement
• Power Point Presentation
• Power Point Presentation With Speaker Notes
• Questionnaire
• Reaction Paper
• Research Paper
• Research Proposal
• SWOT analysis
• Thesis Paper
• Online Quiz
• Literature Review
• Movie Analysis
• Statistics problem
• Math Problem
• All papers examples
• How It Works
• Money Back Policy
• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy
• We Are Hiring

Science and Technology and Nation-Building, Essay Example

Pages: 3

Words: 768

Hire a Writer for Custom Essay

Use 10% Off Discount: "custom10" in 1 Click 👇

You are free to use it as an inspiration or a source for your own work.

Science plays a pivotal role in technology. The combination of science and technology (S&T) results in the development of new knowledge used to improve human life. The Philippines constitution promotes science and technology because it promotes nation-building. Accordingly, I will state the provisions of the 1997 Philippine constitution to S&T, the importance of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and its institutes, and the contribution of the DOST Harmonized Agenda to the attainment of middle-class aspirations as mentioned in AmBisyon Natin 2040 and targets of the Philippines Development Plan 2017-2022 and five members of the National Scientist and their contribution to S&T in the country.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides distinct provisions. It provides that the state shall prioritize research and Development (R&D), invention, innovation and effective implementation to aid in the growth of independent scientific and technological abilities and facilitate their application to the country’s productive systems and national life (GVOPH). Therefore, the state shall provide incentives and tax deductions to promote participation in scientific programs. Further, the government shall control technology adaptation from all sources that benefit the state (GVOPH). These constitutional provisions have driven the country toward local inventions and scientific success to acquire national growth.

DOST and its institutes play a critical role in Philippine nation-building. First, they influence domestic scientific and high-tech achievement. For instance, the government facilitates technological development through the provision of technological training. Second, they support the development of local ability to attain technological self-reliance (DOST). For instance, the government offers S&T scholarships to fund S&T education to facilitate national technological growth. Third, they invigorate individualized involvement in R&D. For instance, the government offers incentives and tax deductions to attract the private sector to engage in R&D. Therefore, DOST encourages technological growth, which leads to nation-building.

The DOST’s Harmonized National R&D Agenda will facilitate the accomplishment of middle-class aspirations. The AmBisyon Natin 2040 aspires to eradicate poverty through the promotion of a middle-class society. On the other hand, the 2017-2022 Philippine development plan aims to lay a foundation of growth, trust, and resilience to ensure a globally competitive economy. DOST Harmonized Agenda contributes to the achievement of middle-class aspirations through R&D to address challenges in food and nutrition, transport and mobility and national and human security (DOST). For instance, the government has a national security policy to protect its citizens, which promotes overall business growth. Further, it can contribute to the aspiration through R&D to acquire and effectively manage potential resources such as energy sources and biodiversity (DOST). For example, the management of energy sources such as gas and natural gas will fuel the development of industries, which will create employment, improving the citizens’ standards of living. The DOST’s Harmonized National R&D Agenda is, therefore, crucial for economic growth.

The Order of the National Scientist Consists of various members with distinct contributions to S&T in the Philippines. First, Benito S. Vergara was awarded in 2001 for their contribution to the plant physiology of rice science and technology. Second, Ricardo M. Lantican was awarded in 2005 as a major contributor in the field of plant breeding (GOVPH). He identified the role of legumes as a major source of protein in the citizens’ diet. Third, Lourdes J. Cruz was awarded in 2006 for R&D in the field of marine biology (GOVPH). He managed to identify the effects of toxic peptides from the venom of Conus marine snails. Fourth, Biencenido F. Nebros was awarded in 2011 for participation in the field of mathematics. Lastly, Angel C. Barba was recognized in 2014 for his contribution to biological sciences (GOVPH). He applied various biological principles that helped farmers, especially during the induction of flowering. Overly, these scientists participated in the country’s S&T growth.

In conclusion, the 1987 constitution on R&D provides that the state shall promote innovation to ensure scientific and technological self-reliance. Further, the DOST’s Harmonized National R&D Agenda addresses problems in food and nutrition, security and management of resources to facilitate the achievement of the AmBisyon Natin 2040 and 2017-2022 Philippine development plan. Ultimately, S&T is vital for a country to thrive.   

Works Cited

Department of Science and Technology. DOST to lead the crafting of harmonized national R7D Agenda. https://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/48-2017-news/1127-dost-to-lead-the-crafting-of-harmonized-national-r-d-agenda.html

Department of Science and Technology. The DOST in brief, n.d. https://www.dost.gov.ph/transparency/10-transparency/about-dost/9-the-dost-in-brief.html

GVOPH. List of National Scientists of the Philippines, n.d. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/lists/national-scientists-of-the-philippines/

GVOPH. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of Philippines- Article XIV, n.d. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/#:~:text=Science%20and%20technology%20are%20essential,education%2C%20training%2C%20and%20services .

Stuck with your Essay?

Get in touch with one of our experts for instant help!

Website Reviews on the Myth of Minotaur, Article Review Example

Prevent terrorist strikes on American soil, Essay Example

Time is precious

don’t waste it!

Plagiarism-free guarantee

Privacy guarantee

Secure checkout

Money back guarantee

Related Essay Samples & Examples

Voting as a civic responsibility, essay example.

Pages: 1

Words: 287

Utilitarianism and Its Applications, Essay Example

Words: 356

The Age-Related Changes of the Older Person, Essay Example

Pages: 2

Words: 448

The Problems ESOL Teachers Face, Essay Example

Pages: 8

Words: 2293

Should English Be the Primary Language? Essay Example

Pages: 4

Words: 999

The Term “Social Construction of Reality”, Essay Example

Words: 371

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING

Related Papers

Mohamed Salebaan

Bilal Mirza

Anna-Katharina Hornidge, Prof. Dr.

World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development

Mariana Imaz

Purpose In September 2015, the UN member states approved an ambitious agenda toward the end of poverty, the pursuit of equity and the protection of the planet in the form of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets. The purpose of this paper is to raise a concern about the context and framework that science, technology and innovation have in the finalized text for adoption that frames the SDGs especially regarding environmental degradation. The authors argue that emphasizing technology transfer in the agenda has the risk to do not recognize other technological alternatives such as eco-technologies, and endorse a limited vision of the role of science and innovation in the achievement of the SDGs. Science for sustainability has to go further than technology transfer, even questioning the limits of the current patterns of intensive use of natural resources and inequity in consumption. By discussing the historical backgrounds of this paradigm and elaborating on the role o...

Oxford University Press eBooks

Ellen Moors

Anupam Khanna

Umar Danjuma Maiwada

University-industry relations need to be strengthened; several institutions have technology transfer offices that assist in the formation of spin-off companies. On inventions and technologies, different commercialization routes, the functions of technology transfer offices, and diverse organizational structures will be examined. By showing current innovation and technology, this paper contributes to attaining sustainable development for developed nations by academic and agricultural industry report, development, and commercialization operations. This research aims to analyses and completely examine the scientific and technical literacy approaches for sustainable development in industrialized nations. The evident necessity of sustainable development on supporting scientific and technical advancement in the world's "developed," "developing," and "under-developed" countries is obvious. In this research, we look at how most countries maintain scientific and technical progress. The study also looked at the ideas that underpin the implementation of scientific and technical literacy, with a focus on sustainable development. As a result, proposals on how the Federal government or other agencies may promote sustainable in terms of science, technology, including innovation were made.

Zelalem Abera Abera

Calestous Juma

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

Prakoso Bhairawa Putera

This article analyses the observation of science & technology (Iptek) and innovation policies in activities of science and technological research, development, and implementation. Science & technology and innovation policies become an important study subject since in some countries this field gives positive effect to competitiveness of a nation. Qualitative approach was selected in studying science & technology and innovation policy in Indonesia since its appropriation with the objective of portraying national policy in science & technology and innovation. Method employed was content analysis qualitative with framing analysis, which in this study refers to concept of science & technological research, development, and implementation. The results of this study shows that national policy of Indonesia during 2000-2011 period were less supportive to development, research, diffusion, and implementation of technology in regions, proven by evidence that there was only few policies supporting the system implementation of science & technological research, development, and implementation in Indonesia.

RELATED PAPERS

Scientific Reports

SOPHIE LEAHY

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research

Rajeev Rajak

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

kanhaiya lal

Combustion and Flame

Ahmed Elwardany

Carlos Eduardo Ramos Ramos

Powder Diffraction

Jacco Booster

Oleksandr Perekhozhuk

Polish Journal of Radiology

Farahnaz Aghahosseini

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

Leandro Lopes

Difficult peripheral venous access in children: An international survey and critical appraisal of assessment tools and escalation pathways.

Ludmila Romanovska

Contaduría y Administración

JUAN NICOLAS VARGAS FIERRO

Artigrama: Revista del Departamento de Historia del Arte de la Universidad de Zaragoza

CONCHA LOMBA SERRANO

Critical Care Medicine

Juan I Gómez -Arnau

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

Islam Wassif

Behavioural Brain Research

Research Journal of Medicinal Plant

Uttam Dethe

The 2nd IEEE Asia-Pacific Service Computing Conference (APSCC 2007)

Duy Khương Lê

TNU Journal of Science and Technology

Nguyễn Hoàng An

Raport podsumowujący. Różnorodność europejskiej kultury prawnej a proces kreowania zrównoważonego rozwoju

Wojciech Kućko

Silvia Kochen

journal of ilam university of medical sciences

Rima Morshed

DIMAS PRADYTIO

Stanford University Press eBooks

Susan Olzak

2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference

Mitchell Guthrie

Annals of Entomology

Thiru Navukkarasu

See More Documents Like This

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

RTI uses cookies to offer you the best experience online. By clicking “accept” on this website, you opt in and you agree to the use of cookies. If you would like to know more about how RTI uses cookies and how to manage them please view our Privacy Policy here . You can “opt out” or change your mind by visiting: http://optout.aboutads.info/ . Click “accept” to agree.

Bringing Science, Technology, and Innovation to the Forefront of Philippine Economic Development

The science, technology, research and innovation for development (stride) program supported the path towards innovation-led inclusive growth in the philippines.

With funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Science, Technology, Research, and Innovation for Development (STRIDE) program strengthened higher education institutions, government programs, and the regulatory framework towards innovation-led growth in the Philippines.  

STRIDE leveraged multi-sectoral collaborations and targeted technical assistance to increase the impact of science and technology. By improving research productivity at Philippine universities and promoting collaboration among stakeholders, a robust innovation ecosystem was fostered that drives economic development.

STRIDE engaged 125 Philippine and 54 U.S. higher education institutions (HEIs) while also helping mobilize $7.2 million in Philippine government funding towards an enhanced innovation ecosystem. When STRIDE started in 2013, the Philippines ranked 90 th in the Global Innovation Index (GII).  Since then, through visionary leadership at all levels, bold initiatives, strategic investments, and sustained collaboration, the Philippines rose to the top half of the rankings and was recognized as an “innovation achiever” for three years in a row (2019–2021).

The Science, Technology, Research, and Innovation for Development (STRIDE) Program, funded by USAID and implemented by RTI, was USAID/Philippines’ flagship higher education project supporting the country’s path toward innovation-led inclusive growth.  

From the beginning, STRIDE aimed to improve research capacity and output, as well as enhance the qualifications of faculty and staff in select programs and universities in the Philippines. The program also focused on strengthening linkages between industry and academia and worked to establish or strengthen partnerships between U.S. and Philippine universities.

As the program progressed, STRIDE also provided targeted technical assistance to the Philippine government on innovation, including:

• Strengthening the capacity of agencies and institutions central to the innovation ecosystem, including the Department of Science and Technology, Department of Trade and Industry, Commission on Higher Education, National Economic and Development Authority, and the Philippine Association for State Universities and Colleges.  
• Enhancing linkages between industry, academia, and the government , including providing on-demand analysis and studies to inform strategic decision-making, and organizing events and activities to provide venues for stronger collaboration.
• Supporting policy and regulatory frameworks aimed to address national and institutional policy efforts to streamline grant and scholarship mechanisms, improve procurement policies impinging on science and technology research, as well as enhancing communications efforts of various agencies towards a broader appreciation of the benefits of science and innovation. 

Philippine Universities Creating Impact

STRIDE introduced various mechanisms that demonstrated best practices in strengthening relevant student and teacher training, while also increasing innovation outputs at HEIs.  

The program provided grants and scholarships to Philippine students and researchers to expand their expertise in science and technology research and applications. STRIDE also supported HEIs to better access government funding by increasing institutional capacity for research and supplementing research management and productivity skills of staff through the Skills in Technical and Advanced Research Training (START) program courses.  

STRIDE also worked with HEIs to improve their capability to link with industry through the development of career centers and industry-driven curricula through the establishment of several Professional Science Master’s degrees and Knowledge and Technology Transfer Offices (KTTOs).

Results by the Numbers

• 125 Philippine HEIs supported.
• 54 U.S. universities engaged in various STRIDE activities.
• 57 scholarships awarded to scientists and engineers to study or conduct research at U.S. universities.
• 73 research grants awarded totaling $5.6M.
• 100 capacity development programs and services established.

Fostering Sustainable Innovation in the Philippines

For innovation efforts to be impactful, the regulatory and policy pathways need to be clear and supportive for everyone in the innovation ecosystem — from the academic researchers churning out new technologies to the government implementers funding research and development (R&D). STRIDE tackled various policy aspects to further unlock the potential of Filipino innovators.

Results by the Numbers:

• 40 policies, strategies, and plans approved and implemented.  
• 700+ government officers and university faculty trained.

Convening Diverse Stakeholder to Promote Innovation in the Philippines

Despite the Philippine government’s commitment to increasing expenditure for science and technology, the various actors within the innovation ecosystem remained siloed when STRIDE began its activities. Close coordination was necessary to harmonize policies and address institutional constraints, all of which hindered progress.  

STRIDE partnered with the relevant government agencies to support cohesiveness of the government’s innovation strategy, promote coordination between agencies, and identify policy constraints to be addressed.

• 8 Regional Inclusive Innovation Centers established.
• 417 partnerships formed.
• $7.5M mobilized for innovation.  

Throughout its nine years of implementation, STRIDE’s approach towards achieving its objectives centered on serving as the multisectoral partner of choice for innovation initiatives. From targeted capacity building impacting 125 Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs), to orchestrating a cohesive network of different stakeholder groups for eight Regional Inclusive Innovation Centers, STRIDE’s dynamic interventions were responsive to evolving partner needs that spanned two government administrations, as well as the massive disruptions of the global pandemic.  

Ultimately, the project brought people together to make meaningful changes in the innovation space. 

• U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
• The William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan
• Rutgers University
• Philippine Business for Education

• International Development
• Youth and Economic Opportunity
• Research, Technology, and Innovation Policy
• Innovation for Emerging and Developing Economies
• RTI Center for Governance
• Systems Strengthening and Scaling
• Capacity Assessment and Building
• Philippines

Related Information

Rti in the philippines, innovation ecosystem assessment.

• No category

LESSON-2-SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-NATION-BUILDING

Related documents

Add this document to collection(s)

You can add this document to your study collection(s)

Add this document to saved

You can add this document to your saved list

Suggest us how to improve StudyLib

(For complaints, use another form )

Input it if you want to receive answer

[email protected]

• Our Centers Delhi Bhubaneswar Lucknow

…..India's story of seven and a half decade

The Role of Technology in Nation-Building

• Categories Science & Technology: New frontiers & Beyond
• Published 15th Mar, 2022

INTRODUCTION:

• Science and Technology hold the key to the progress and development of any nation.
• Technology plays a fundamental role in wealth creation , improvement of the quality of life and real economic growth and transformation in any society.
• Science, technology and the development of nations and society are all proportional to each other.
• Development is always linked with technological disruption, and it happens when there is an advancement in the scientific field.
• Nation-building refers to how national identities are constructed and communicated. The term nation-building is often used simultaneously with state-building , democratization, modernization , political development , post-conflict reconstruction , and peacebuilding. Nation-building can take many forms, including education policies or major infrastructure development to trigger economic growth and political stability.
• Nation-building is a challenge in post-colonial states, especially in territories that were primarily used by the colonial power to extract resources or obtain other economic benefits.

Let us delve into the path that India has traversed in the journey of Nation-Building.

HISORICAL PERSPECTIVE:

• After nearly two centuries of despotic British rule , India gained independence in 1947. The British left India as a poor, dependent, underdeveloped, socially, and economically backward nation. A few hold this opinion that nation-building is an autonomous process that would develop itself after independence. But past and later experiences indicate that this was a complex challenge.
• Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India in his address to the Indian Science Congress said, “New-born India needed inputs of science not through hollow words, but through concrete efforts directed at building the necessary infrastructure from scratch.” The cultivation of science and its benefits to humanity were crystal clear to Nehru even before independence. He became the first non-scientist to preside over the Indian Science Congress.
• Some of the greatest names of the time, including Homi J Bhabha, Sir C.V. Raman, Satish Dhawan, Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, J.C. Ghosh, Meghnad Saha and S.S. Bhatnagar, were given a free hand in establishing the country’s best institutes of scientific learning. J.L. Nehru, in consultation with Bhabha, established the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of the country on August 10, 1948, with Bhabha as its head .
• In India, science and technology have been given importance in nation-building since independence with the establishment of institutes like DRDO, IITs, CSIR labs and the establishment of the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
• It was the vision of Pandit Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India, and the need of India at that time that led to the foundation of the Indian Institute of Technology in 1950 after only three years of independence. These institutes, with assistance from international institutes, promoted research in India. Nehru aimed to inculcate the scientific temper among the Indians. He also aimed “ to convert India’s economy into that of a modern state, and to fit her into the nuclear age and do it quickly”. The Department of scientific research and natural resources was also set up by him.

ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:

• Science and technology have been central to the progress and development of virtually all the nations of the world. It contributes immensely to various sectors of the economy. Science and technology are intimately connected with development because and share a symbiotic relationship . It leads to healthier, longer, wealthier and more productive lives and alleviation of poverty becomes possible. The many ways in which science and technology impact poverty alleviation across various sectors and economic growth merit attention.

ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SPACE EXPLORATION:

• Dr Vikram Sarabhai, who is considered as founding father of the Indian space programme , quickly recognised the benefits of space technologies for India . With the help of Dr Vikram Sarabhai, the Indian space research organisation (ISRO) was set up in 1969.

Since its inception, the Indian space programme had three distinct elements:

• Satellites for communication and remote sensing
• Space transportation system and
• Application programmes.

Achievements:

• Aryabhatta, the first Indian satellite , was launched by the Soviet Union in 1975.
• Lately, ISRO has conducted two successful space projects, Chandrayaan, and Mangalyaan in 2008 and 2014 respectively. At present, India’s main priorities are Chandrayaan-3 and Gaganyaan mission”.
• GSLV Mk III: GSLV MkIII, chosen to launch Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft, is a three-stage heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by ISRO. This was the first testing of the indigenous cryogenic engine.
• Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM): Marking India's first venture into the interplanetary space, MOM will explore and observe Mars surface features, morphology, mineralogy and the Martian atmosphere.

ISRO's commercial arm, NewSpace India Limited (NSIL): NSIL, incorporated in March 2019, got mandated to undertake operational satellite missions on a demand-driven model, wherein it has the responsibility to build, launch, own and operate the satellite and provide services to its committed customer.

Application of Space Technology:

• Cyclone Warning Systems: The cyclone forecast accuracy has significantly improved in recent years as has been demonstrated during cyclones Phailin (2013), Hudhud (2014), Vardah (2016), Titli (2018), Fani& Bulbul (2019) and Amphan, Nisarga&Nivar (2020) and Tauktae, Yaas, Gulaab & Shaheen and Jawad (2021).
• Indian Tsunami Early Warning System (ITEWS): It comprises a real-time network of seismic stations , tide gauges and a 24X7 operational tsunami warning centre to detect tsunamigenic earthquakes, monitor tsunamis and provide timely advisories to vulnerable communities.
• Remote sensing applications in India now cover diverse fields such as the agricultural crop acreage and yield estimation , drought warning and assessment , flood control and damage assessment, land use/land cover mapping, wasteland management, urban development, mineral prospecting, forest survey, etc.

Space technology can provide solutions to the problems of man and society . Space technology will enable e-Education, integrated healthcare schemes and connectivity to community activities for sustainable economic development. This will lead to employment generation, higher literacy, availability of clean energy and wealth generation for the welfare of the society with improved quality of life.

• Knowledge about space, gained through scientific studies can have enormous economic and social benefits that contribute to meeting many societal needs, from human security to sustainable development. It has the potential to contribute immensely toward the character building of people and thereby in nation-building.

ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE HEALTH SECTOR:

• Advances in scientific knowledge and its application have helped slow the trend of high fertility, high mortality and led to increasingly better health for people in India.
• In the Indian context, over the past century, science and technology provided the basis for the largest ever aggregate improvements in human health.
• In 1950-51, there were 725 Primary Health Centres and in 1999, these rose to 22,446 . As per the Rural Health Statistics-2019, a total of 30,045 PHC both in rural and urban areas have been functional in the country. It marks a big achievement for India.
• National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) for 2019-21 has revealed a mixed picture in terms of the health indicators in the country . On the one hand, it observes a reduction in the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) (40.7 in NFHS 4 to 35.2 in NFHS 5) and 0 (49.7 in NFHS 4 to 41.9 in NFHS 5) and on the other hand, there is an increase in anaemia among women and children, which in turn will have implications on malnutrition in the future.
• The life expectancy of an average Indian was 33 years in 1951 which increased to 69.66 years in 2019.
• Stronger primary health care is essential to achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and universal health coverage. It contributes to the attainment of other goals beyond the health goal (SDG3).

Control of Communicable Diseases:

• The number of deaths from diseases like Malaria, Smallpox, Tuberculosis, has been declined.
• Smallpox: India had eradicated this disease from the country since April 1977. It was a big achievement of the health care programme .
• Polio: India received 'Polio-free certification' from World Health Organization on 27 March 2014, with the last polio case being reported in Howrah in West Bengal on 13 January 2011.
• Malaria : At the time of independence malaria killed more than 10 lakh people every year. It is due to development in science and technology together with better planning we were able to control it. The government took a major step to address the disease by launching the National Malaria Eradication Programme in 1958.
• Tuberculosis: It is commonly called TB. To control TB, National TB Control Programme was started in 1955. A number of TB hospitals have been opened across the country. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme was launched in April 1977. National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Elimination (2017–2025) purposes to achieve a rapid decline in the burden of TB, morbidity and mortality while working towards the elimination of TB in India by 2025.
• Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM): It was launched in September 2021 is a necessary intervention to enable a National Digital Health Ecosystem. Implementation of this mission has manifold implications. Creating a digital health ecosystem , for one, will enable the creation of health provider registries, thereby aiding in the elimination of quackery . Digital prescriptions can help prevent unauthorised doctors from prescribing to patients.
• The provision of a unique health ID for every individual, there are benefits of tracking patient case history, diagnostic tests taken and their reports, interval between tests, etc., all of which is irretrievable in a pen-and-paper system and lack of awareness/knowledge among patients.
• With 5G on the anvil , the healthcare delivery will change forever and India may lead the way in showing the world how tech can transform healthcare and make it more outcome-driven.

Budget 2022-23 has acknowledged the real potential of information technology (IT) in addressing the gaps in the health system. Therefore, the CAPEX under the Department of Health and Family Welfare has gone up from Rs2,508 crore in FY2021-22 to Rs5,632 crore for FY2022-23 , a more than 100% increase to building strong foundations for the health system.

• ‘ Make in India’ initiative is encouraging domestic manufacture of medical devices and helping lower the prices patients pay for products such as stents and implants, which in the past were imported.
• India’s health care industry is becoming more and more attractive for investors, with technology-led innovations.
• Telemedicine: Development in ICT and the spread of internet connection has helped education reach the corners of the nation through video lectures, interactive sessions with distantly located teachers and educators. The health sector also reaps benefits from expanding its network through Telemedicine.
• CoWIN Platform: During the pandemic, the platform has proven to be successful in India where it has also handled 2.5 crore vaccinations in a day, with a load of over 800 vaccinations per second. Achieving the 100 crore vaccines milestone in record time would not have been possible for India in the absence of it.

India has made its digital platform ( CoWIN Platform) for Covid19 vaccination drive, CoWIN, open-source for all countries to access, adapt and use. This was perhaps the first time that any country is made a software platform developed by its public sector open for the world.

• Covaxin: The development of Covaxin has instilled self-confidence in us that India is now much more than the pharmacy of the world. It is also a vaccine superpower.
• Vocal for Patent Waiver: Despite not getting much support India's pushed for COVID vaccine patent waiver, medicines at WTO . This approach not only suggests the importance of healthcare in nation-building but also how India looks at the world as one family and translates the underlying principle of ‘ Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’.

ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE:

• Advances in science and technology have facilitated higher yields , greater efficiency and greater nutritional content . Science and technology have played an important role in India’s evolution since its independence.
• India went through famine, starvation in many parts and national calamities and looked for ships to come to our ports with wheat from western countries . After Independence, India looked forward to development through Five Year Plans. Today India is in the knowledge age which provides an opportunity to become a developed nation with a strong economy.

The era of stagnation in agriculture (the 1950s): A period marked by limited or insignificant growth, agricultural production during this period witnessed.

• Low growth in crop and grain production (0.4 and 0.1 percent p.a.)
• Foodgrain production of 59.2 MT in 1952–53, with a yield of 579.8 kg/ha

The 1960s-1980s: A good transition from stagnancy to high agriculture production, this period was characterized by:

• Pioneering work of agricultural scientists and efforts of farmers that led to the Green Revolution
• High Yield Variety (HYV) of seeds , increased use of fertilizers and irrigation, resulting in a significant spike in production
• Food security and reduced import of food grains

The 1980- 2000s: Surplus production and exports: During this period, India transitioned from achieving just food security to surplus production. The key highlights of this period include:

• Expanding cereal production
• Economic reforms introduced that provided greater encouragement to exports
• Surplus of production of agricultural commodities over domestic demand
• India emerged as a net exporter of agricultural products
• Increase in population and strong income growth

2000 Onwards: Economic Reforms, Technological Advancements and Disruptive Transformation

2000 and beyond saw a great push to agricultural production with the introduction of supporting reforms, new policies and adoption of technology. Some key highlights from this period include:

• Better technology adoption
• Rise in institutional credit for agriculture
• NFSM to increase the production of commodities
• Schemes like National Horticulture Mission (NHM) and Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern India (BREI) helped achieve record production.
• The National Mission on Oilseeds & Oil Palm
• Commodity exchanges that helped in fair pricing of commodities

Agricultural Progress under the various Five-Year Plans:

• Third Plan : The Government introduced the new agricultural technology known as the Intensive Agricultural District Programme of using improved seeds, viz., High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP). The new agricultural technology was expected to usher in the green revolution.
• Fourth Plan: A systematic effort to extend the application of science and technology to improve agricultural practices
• Sixth Plan: It is hailed by the Indian Government as the second green revolution . The Second Green Revolution from 1983-84 was said to be from expansion in supplies of inputs and services to farmers, agricultural extension and better management.

Other applications of Technology in Agriculture:

• India’s Rainbow Revolution: The rainbow revolution concept is a combination of Green Revolution, White Revolution, Blue Revolution, Yellow Revolution and Brown Revolution. It was after these revolutions, that Indian agriculture slowly shifted from traditional behaviour to scientific behaviour.
• Soil Health Card: The campaign to provide soil health cards with nutrient information of soil would help the farmers to educate about the most viable and appropriate cropping pattern suiting the climatic conditions in the region. Shortage of infrastructure like soil testing labs is hindrances but it’s a move in the right direction.
• APMC farmers go cashless (2017): In January 2017, Indore Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) adopted a cashless payment policy and farmers started accepting alternative modes of payments such as cheques and RTGS.
• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evem Utthan Mahabhiyan (PM KUSUM):
• Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) launched the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evem Utthan Mahabhiyan b Scheme for farmers for the installation of solar pumps and grid-connected solar and other renewable power plants in the country.

Digital Initiatives By The Indian Government in Agriculture:

• E-sagu: One of the latest digital initiatives, it provides expert suggestions to the farmers. By leveraging the internet and audio-visual communication, insights from experts are provided to the farmers regularly on the various techniques to increase farm productivity
• Community Radio (CR): Community Radio fulfils the information needs of the farmers using radio station facilities by providing the latest information on weather and farming practices.
• Digital Green: The initiative disseminates agricultural information using online videos.
• National Agriculture Market (e-NAM): It provides an e-marketing platform at the national level and supports the creation of infrastructure to enable e-marketing. The platform also ensures better price discovery, brings in transparency and empowers farmers to get fair remuneration for their produce
• The Kisan Call Centre (KCC): This initiative provides information to farmers through a toll-free telephone helpline . Under this project, call centre facilities have been extended to the farmers by establishing call centres in different states so that farmers can get the information in their native language.

NEW-AGE AGRI REVOLUTION IN INDIA:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems :
• AI Systems are helping to improve the overall harvest quality and accuracy – known as precision agriculture. AI technology helps in detecting disease in plants, pests and poor nutrition of farms. AI sensors can detect and target weeds and then decide which herbicide to apply within the region.
• Accurate AI forecasts and analytical tools help farmers better plan their farming habits and help them avoid losses, while also helping them better their yields with crops that could thrive in particular weather.
• Kisan Drones: It will be used to boost the agricultural sector in the country, the use of Kisan Drones will be promoted for crop assessment, digitization of land records and spraying of insecticides and nutrients.
• Smart Farm Machinery: Smart Farm Machinery is about producing more with less. Smart machines and technological breakthroughs have the potential to increase output, lower costs and boost farm incomes.
• Micro Irrigation: frees the farmer from vagaries of seasonal monsoon while also conserving the limited water resources. With agriculture consuming about 80 per cent of the total renewable water resources, the adoption of micro-irrigation practices will help conserve our precious water reserves and also boost yields and productivity.
• Precision Farming: an approach to farm management that uses information technology to access real-time data about crops, soil, weather etc. to ensure crops and soil receive exactly what they need for optimum health and productivity.
• Digitization in agriculture is catching up fast. From platforms like eNAM to projects like Agri Udaan, the commitment to the use of technologies in agriculture is strong and clear. It is now important for investors and stakeholders to utilize this opportunity and ride the tide of long-overdue digital transformation in the agriculture sector.
• Earth Observation Satellites (EOS): These are nothing but another Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT) . Land and forest mapping and monitoring, mapping of resources like water or minerals or fishes, weather and climate observations, soil assessment, and geospatial contour mapping are done through these satellites.

The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in the process of nation-building by:

• Contributing to National Income
• Ensuring Source of Food Supply
• Pre-Requisite for Raw Material
• Provision of Surplus
• Creation of Infrastructure
• Helpful to Reduce Inequality
• Source of foreign exchange
• Employment opportunities for Rural People

Numerous raw materials, regardless of whether it’s cotton, sugar, wood, or palm oil, come from the agriculture sector. These materials are fundamental for major industries. Adequate provision of Agricultural education programmes , also helps a nation meet the challenges of food insecurity, poverty and unemployment which has posed threats to the corporate existence and stability of the nation. We need a new phase in Indian agriculture that will be defined by innovation and technology; an age where we will look to balance productivity and economics with social and environmental considerations. This age will usher in an era of unprecedented productivity and prosperity for farmers.

ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN AFFORDABLE/CLEAN ENERGY:

• The power sector plays a vital role in the economic growth and human development of any country. It improves the quality of life of human beings and the biotics of this sphere. Electricity consumption is one of the most important indices for measuring the development level of a nation.
• The power sector in India has grown significantly since independence, both in the Installed Capacity and Transmission & Distribution (T&D) system. The total Power Generating Capacity has increased from a meagre 1362 MW in 1947 to about 393 GW at the end of March 2021.
• The Per Capita Electricity Consumption which was a mere 3 units in 1947 , has increased to 1208 units in 2019-20.

Renewable Energy (RE) Capacity of India:

• Production Linked Incentive Scheme “ National Programme on High-Efficiency Solar PV Modules” was introduced to promote manufacturing of high-efficiency solar PV modules, including the upstage vertical components like cells, wafers, ingots and polysilicon in India and thus reduce the import dependence in Solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) sector.
• National Hydrogen Energy Mission (NHM): India's ambitious goal of 175 GW by 2022 got an impetus in the 2021-22 budget which allocated Rs. 1500 crore for renewable energy development and NHM.
• Modern clean, renewable energy technologies (e.g., solar, wind, modern biomass) need to be developed further and there needs to be an increase in the efficiency and sustainability of energy use in transportation, industry, and housing. Power is one of the most critical components of infrastructure and crucial for making the process of “nation-building” steady and sustainable.

ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION:

• To make India a front-line country and economy , the government has launched schemes such as Digital India and Make in India , which require the education system especially higher education to gear itself to the task of realising these missions. Hence, education becomes the fuel to achieve the other goals in the process of nation-building.

“Education is the most powerful weapon, which you can use to change the world.”— Nelson Mandela

• One of the core principles guiding the education system would be the ‘extensive use of technology in teaching and learning, removing language barriers, increasing access, and education planning and management.
• With the internet penetration rate estimated to reach above 55 per cent by the end of 2025 in India, digitisation of education is the future of education. National Education Policy (NEP) emphasizes digitisation besides the use of technology in education. But increased use of technology in education also creates a digital divide, as not everyone has equal access to technology.

Initiatives by the Government:

• PM eVIDYA Programme: The government introduced the PM eVIDYA programme in May 2020 to make e-learning more accessible for Indian students and teachers and promote & strengthen digital education in India.
• DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing): National portal for school education, to offer school curriculum-based engaging learning materials to students, teachers, and parents. The portal supports >18 Indian languages and has been implemented by 35 states/UTs.
• SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds): It offers an integrated platform for online courses at affordable costs to all citizens, especially the underprivileged section in the country.
• SWAYAM PRABHA: In 2017, SWAYAM PRABHA, a group of 34 DTH (Direct-to-Home) channels dedicated to broadcasting educational programmes 24x7, was introduced.
• E-Pathshala Portal: In 2015, the government launched the ePathshala portal to build a resource store for educational videos, audios, flipbooks, etc.
• NISHTHA: In FY21, the National Initiative for School Heads and Teachers’ Holistic Advancement (NISHTHA) - Phase II was launched at the secondary level to tailor modules for online education.
• OLabs: To offer students a lab learning experience via the internet, the government introduced OLabs in November 2014 for those who do not have access to the physical lab.
• Virtual Labs: The Government of India introduced a pilot virtual lab in 2009 and the main one in 2010 to enable undergraduate and post-graduate students (pursuing science and engineering courses) remotely access the labs and enhance their study experience.

ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN ECONOMIC GROWTH:

In economics, it is widely accepted that technology is the key driver of the economic growth of countries, regions and cities. Technological progress allows for the more efficient production of more and better goods and services, which is what prosperity depends on. The role of technology in economic development can be summarised as follows:

• Time is Money: Technology can save the time it takes to produce a good or deliver a service, contributing to the overall profits of a business.
• Efficiency: Technology can contribute to the efficiency of a business's output rate, allowing for larger quantities of products to be moved or of services to be rendered.
• Specialization: Technology has to lead to an increase in the division of labour and specialization of jobs within a business, further contributing to the efficiency with which a business can run.
• Natural Resources: Technology has a huge effect on the ability of businesses and governments to access natural resources and use them in the most effective ways possible to benefit both the business and the economy.
• Industrial Expansion: Thanks to the increased efficiency of labour with the ever-improving state of technology, businesses can increase total output, which in turn leads to higher profits and greater economic development.
• Research: Better technology has led to further research into nearly every sector of business and science, meaning businesses can benefit from all sorts of technological advancements.
• The Internet and International Trade : Information technology is the single most important element in the success and growth of international trade and job market growth, allowing businesses to share information and conduct trade in less time than the blink of an eye.

Impact of Technology in Indian Economy:

Market Operations:

• The Telecom sector constitutes a critical building block of the country’s infrastructure . Broadband wireless is going to be the order of the day and mobile money transfer and mobile commerce are going to open up endless possibilities.
• Digital technology in capital markets is changing the market operations. The new technology-aided solutions are only adding to the human capacities in the capital market scenario. Machine learning and artificial intelligence are part of financial institutions among other aspects like investment trading.
• Technology is further democratizing trading. Investors no longer have to rely on experts as data science produces trading strategies that resolve investment challenges.

Banking Sector:

• The requirement for computerized banks in India was felt in the early 1980s. The Indian banks applied the process at the branch level. Various national committees were formed by the government to modernize the banking system in India.
• In the late 1980s, the then deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Dr C Rangrajan implemented the concept of core banking in India . It formed a platform for facilities like telebanking, off-site ATMs and customer terminals.
• In the 1990s, core banking was transformed when private sector banks and foreign banks started having access to the Indian banking industry.
• Advanced Self-Service Capabilities: With fintech banking solutions, self-service capabilities provide customers with operational processes that were previously only available via a physical branch.
• Application Programming Interfaces (APIs): A decade ago, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced NEFT and RTGS, followed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) introducing IMPS. This was followed by API-led banking. In a nutshell, an API is a bridge that helps banks and third parties to connect safely and leverage each other’s offerings in real-time.
• Instant Payments: Point of sale or POS terminals had begun to see acceptance only around 2016, the rapid penetration of mobile internet services and demonetisation played a role in Indians’ larger acceptance of digital payments.
• BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) : It is an Indian mobile payment app developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), based on the Unified Payments Interface (UPI).
• RuPay Payment Network: RuPay is the first of its kind global card payment network of India with wide acceptance at ATMs, Point of Sale Devices, and e-commerce platforms across the country.

The government has recently approved a Rs 1,300 crore ($170 million) plan to promote domestic RuPay debit cards and low-value digital transactions to boost their use in marginalised populations, in a move that could challenge the clout of rivals like Visa and Mastercard.

• Aadhar: It is a 12-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by the citizens of India and resident foreign nationals. Aadhaar is the world's largest biometric ID system. Today, 99% of Indian adults have an Aadhaar identity number. The government further interlinked the identity system with bank accounts and mobile numbers, resulting in the JAM (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-mobile phone) trinity. JAM has become the fundamental digital architecture ushering in holistic financial inclusion.

CONCLUSION:

Nation-building is constructing or structuring a national identity using the power and resources of the state. Nation-building aims at the unification of the people within the state so that it remains politically stable and viable in the long run. Growth in GDP is not the real measure of a nation’s progress . The aspect that matters most is the rate at which economic wealth is translated into less poverty, more opportunities, better health etc.

Technology simply put is a means of harnessing and exploiting our understanding of nature and resources to improve the human condition, the natural environment or to carry out other socio-economic activities. Therefore, science and technology (S&T) intervention becomes even more relevant for any successful economy, especially today when knowledge-based economies are emerging stronger. In a nutshell, science and technology is associated with modernity by all means and is essential to nation-building and the rapid development of their subjects.

Related Articles

Rural vs Urban Governance

Issues of Internal Migration in India

Diaspora: Freedom struggle, role in nation-building

How is India’s society?

The Great Indian Challenges of Indian Society (Report)

Technology led Citizen Centric Governance

External and Internal Goods: Self-sufficiency in food

Internal Security Challenges

Shapes of Political Boundaries

Verifying, please be patient.

Our Centers

DELHI (Karol Bagh)

GS SCORE, 1B, Second Floor, Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 (Beside Karol Bagh Metro Station Gate No. 8)

Get directions on Google Maps

BHUBANESWAR (Jaydev Vihar)

GS SCORE, Plot No.2298, Jaydev Vihar Square, Near HCG Day Care, BBSR - 751013

LUCKNOW (Aliganj)

GS SCORE, 2nd Floor, B-33, Sangam Chauraha, Sector H, Aliganj, Lucknow, UP - 226024

© 2024 IAS SCORE. All Rights Reserved

Welcome to our secure login portal. Access your account with ease.

• Using Password

Not registered yet? register here!

Welcome to our secure register portal. For a brighter future, register now and unlock endless learning opportunities.

User Register

Already have an account? Login

Oops, forgot your password? Don't worry, we've got you covered. Reset it here

Lost your login details? No problem! forgot your password in just a few clicks

Forgot Password

Verify your mobile number, you have successfully logged in.

Join Us on WhatsApp