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Python Truck Examples

5 Best Ways to Program to Find Maximum Units That Can Be Put on a Truck in Python

💡 Problem Formulation: The task is to develop a Python program that calculates the maximum number of units that can be loaded onto a truck given a limit to the truck’s capacity. Imagine we are given an array boxTypes , where boxTypes[i] = [numberOfBoxes_i, numberOfUnitsPerBox_i] , and an integer truckSize , representing the maximum number of boxes the truck can carry. For instance, if the input array is [[1,3],[2,2],[3,1]] and the truck size is 4, the output should be 8 units, by taking one box of type one and two boxes of type two.

Method 1: Sorting and Greedy Approach

This method involves sorting the array of box types based on the number of units per box in descending order. Then, we iterate over the sorted list, adding boxes to the truck until it reaches capacity. The function is designed to ensure that we maximize the unit count by always choosing the box with the highest units available that fits in the truck.

Here’s an example:

The output of this code snippet:

This code snippet defines the function maximumUnits() which sorts the input list boxTypes , effectively prioritizing box types with more units per box when picking the boxes to fill the truck. It then iterates over the sorted list, filling the truck while reducing truckSize accordingly, and keeps a running total of the units in units .

Method 2: Heap/Priority Queue

Instead of sorting the entire list, we can use a max-heap or priority queue to fetch the box types with the most units per box efficiently. This way, we always pick the box with maximum units until the truck is at capacity or we run out of boxes.

In this code snippet, the maximumUnits() function utilizes a max-heap to keep track of the boxes with the highest units. We use Python’s heapq module which requires us to invert the units for it to work as a max-heap. We then continuously pop the box with the most units and decrement the truck size until no more boxes can fit.

Method 3: Counting Sort for Limited Range of Units

If the number of units per box has a limited range, we can use counting sort which might be more efficient than general sorting. This method counts how many boxes of each type we have and starts filling the truck with the box type that has the highest units per box.

This code snippet utilizes the counting sort algorithm to keep a tally of how many boxes exist for each unit value. Starting from the highest value, it calculates how many boxes can be taken at each step and updates both the total units and the remaining truck capacity.

Method 4: Custom Sort with Lambda

If the objective is to maintain the order for boxes, which have the same number of units, we can sort the list using a custom key. We can specify a lambda function that sorts primarily based on units per box, and secondarily on the number of boxes available in case of a tie in units.

By using a custom sort with a lambda function, we can prioritize both the number of units per box and the count of boxes available. The function maximumUnits() then iterates over the sorted list just like in method 1, ensuring an efficient filling of the truck.

Bonus One-Liner Method 5: Using List Comprehension and Sum

For a compact solution, we can use list comprehension to sort the boxes, then sum up the units considering the truck size. This one-liner is less readable, but it constructs the list in sorted order and computes the units as it goes.

This compact one-liner uses the walrus operator ( := ) introduced in Python 3.8 to subtract the number of boxes from truck size inside a list comprehension. It sorts the box types list with a lambda function and computes the sum concurrently, offering a quick and less-verbose solution.

Summary/Discussion

Sorting and Greedy Approach. This method is straightforward and easy to understand. It works well for most case scenarios, but its time complexity is dependent on the sorting algorithm, which is O(n log n).

Heap/Priority Queue. Efficient for large data sets where we don’t need to sort the entire array, as we are constantly fetching the maximum element. However, it can be overkill for smaller or already sorted data sets.

Counting Sort for Limited Range of Units. Extremely efficient if the number of units per box is limited and does not exceed a certain range. Its main weakness is that it’s not suitable for a large range of units per box due to the space complexity.

Custom Sort with Lambda. It’s versatile for scenarios when secondary sorting criteria is needed. While still dependent on sorting time complexity, it provides more control over how the data is sorted.

Bonus One-Liner Method. This method is elegant and concise but sacrifices readability and may be hard to maintain and debug.

Emily Rosemary Collins is a tech enthusiast with a strong background in computer science, always staying up-to-date with the latest trends and innovations. Apart from her love for technology, Emily enjoys exploring the great outdoors, participating in local community events, and dedicating her free time to painting and photography. Her interests and passion for personal growth make her an engaging conversationalist and a reliable source of knowledge in the ever-evolving world of technology.

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Posted on Jun 14, 2021

Solution: Maximum Units on a Truck

This is part of a series of Leetcode solution explanations ( index ). If you liked this solution or found it useful, please like this post and/or upvote my solution post on Leetcode's forums .

Leetcode Problem #1710 ( Easy ): Maximum Units on a Truck

Description:.

( Jump to : Solution Idea || Code : JavaScript | Python | Java | C++ )

You are assigned to put some amount of boxes onto one truck . You are given a 2D array boxTypes , where boxTypes[i] = [numberOfBoxesi, numberOfUnitsPerBoxi] : numberOfBoxes i is the number of boxes of type i . numberOfUnitsPerBox i is the number of units in each box of the type i . You are also given an integer truckSize , which is the maximum number of boxes that can be put on the truck. You can choose any boxes to put on the truck as long as the number of boxes does not exceed truckSize . Return the maximum total number of units that can be put on the truck .

Example 1: Input: boxTypes = [[1,3],[2,2],[3,1]], truckSize = 4 Output: 8 Explanation: There are: - 1 box of the first type that contains 3 units. - 2 boxes of the second type that contain 2 units each. - 3 boxes of the third type that contain 1 unit each. You can take all the boxes of the first and second types, and one box of the third type. The total number of units will be = (1 * 3) + (2 * 2) + (1 * 1) = 8. Example 2: Input: boxTypes = [[5,10],[2,5],[4,7],[3,9]], truckSize = 10 Output: 91

Constraints:

1 <= boxTypes.length <= 1000 1 <= numberOfBoxesi, numberOfUnitsPerBoxi <= 1000 1 <= truckSize <= 10^6

( Jump to : Problem Description || Code : JavaScript | Python | Java | C++ )

For this problem, we simply need to prioritize the more valuable boxes first. To do this, we should sort the boxtypes array ( B ) in descending order by the number of units per box ( B[i][1] ).

Then we can iterate through B and at each step, we should add as many of the boxes as we can, until we reach the truck size ( T ). We should add the number of boxes added multiplied by the units per box to our answer ( ans ), and decrease T by the same number of boxes .

Once the truck is full ( T == 0 ), or once the iteration is done, we should return ans .

• Time Complexity: O(N log N) where N is the length of B , for the sort
• Space Complexity: O(1)

Javascript Code:

( Jump to : Problem Description || Solution Idea )

Python Code:

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Truck haulage simulation animation in Python

• Linnart Felkl

In this article I will share a discrete-event simulation animation example in Python. More specifically a truck haul transport simulation animation for a mine, using SimPy and DesViz in Python. This example, and the DesViz module, was developed by Prof. Paul Corry and his team and I am resharing his example in this post. Using DesViz SimPy model developers can animate their simulation model .

Below is an animation of a SimPy truck haul simulation model for mining operations.

The example is documented and available in Paul Corry’s GitHub repository: https://github.com/corryp/DesViz

How can DesViz be used for simulation animation in Python?

Citing directly from the DesViz documentation:

DesViz is a collection of Python classes and functions facilitating asynchronous animation for discrete event simulation ( DES ) models. It is built on top of the Pyglet package which provides the underlying graphics functionality. DesViz allows a DES model to write a csv file which is later interpreted by DesViz to configure and move sprites representing background and foreground objects in the simulation. Each line of the csv file gives the simulation time, an animation instruction and set of arguments relating to that instruction. These instructions provide a compact method to specify sprite appearance and movements in ways that are useful in a DES context. DesViz documentation, by Paul Corry

SimPy developers can use DesViz to animate their simulation model , in a two-step approach. First, they must use the DesViz library to generate and store animation data. Next, the animation is used for rendering an animation.

Here are some examples of what you can animate with DesViz:

• movements from pixel point to pixel point or along predefined paths, with automatic object orientations
• adjusting object orientations, i.e. animate object rotations
• define master-slave relationships between objects for animation purposes, e.g. truck (master) and trailer (slave)
• progress bars, either static or attached to another object (i.e. moving together with the associated object)
• labeling, annotation, and background images
• defined animation speed (frame interval, i.e. fps – frames per second)

Under the hood, DesViz populates a database (csv-file) with defined animation instructions. These instructions must be implemented into the simulation application itself. The underlying database is populated during simulation execution and is then used for rendering the animation itself. For this, DesViz provides are range of classes, methods, and functions.

Related content

If you are interested in learning more about discrete-event simulation and related model implementation in Python you might be interested in the following blog posts:

• Link: Discrete-event simulation software list
• Link : Simulation methods for SCM analysts
• Link: Discrete-event simulation procedure model
• Link : Job shop SimPy Python simulation
• Link : Visualizing stats with salabim (DES, Python)

If you are interested in learning more about simulation and its use cases in mining industry you may be interested in the following articles:

• Link: Open-cast mine simulation for better planning
• Link : Simulation and its use-cases in mining industry
• Link : Tackling blending problems in mining industry
• Link : Solving the iron ore blending problem
• Link : Analytics in the steel production value chain

Data scientist focusing on simulation, optimization and modeling in R, SQL, VBA and Python

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Answer to Question #336261 in Python for sandhya

you are given two strings N &K your goal is to determine the smallest substring of N that contains all the characters in K If no substring present in N print No matches found

note: if a character is repeated multiple time in K your substring should also contain that character repeated the same no.of times

i/p:the 1st line input two strings N&K

stealen lent

tomato tomatho

no matches found

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