community health nursing research topics pdf

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Exploring community health nursing research topics: a comprehensive guide for nursing students, carla johnson.

• August 25, 2023
• Essay Topics and Ideas

Community health nursing is a dynamic and vital field within the nursing profession, focused on providing holistic care to populations within a defined community. This specialized branch of nursing goes beyond individual patient care, extending its reach to families, groups, and entire communities. This article will delve into community health nursing, explore its significance, and provide valuable resources for nursing students to engage in research, evidence-based practice (EBP) projects, capstone projects, research paper topics, research questions, and essay ideas.

What You'll Learn

Understanding Community Health Nursing: A Holistic Approach

Community health nursing emphasizes preventive care , health promotion, and disease prevention within a specific community. This holistic approach involves understanding the community’s unique needs, cultures, and challenges to provide targeted interventions that improve health outcomes. As nursing students, you will find this field to be a gateway to understanding the broader healthcare landscape and the interconnectedness of various factors that influence health.

PICOT Questions on Community Health Nursing

• P: Adult population in psychiatric care ; I: Implementation of daily RS questionnaire; C: Units without the daily survey; O: Reduction in utilization of restraint and seclusion; T: 6 months. Can the implementation of a daily RS (Restraint and Seclusion) questionnaire for adults in psychiatric care lead to a significant decrease in the utilization of restraint and seclusion within a period of 6 months?
• P: Pediatric population in school settings; I: Introduction of daily exercise regimen; C: Schools without daily exercise; O: Improvement in BMI and overall fitness; T: 1 academic year. Does introducing a daily exercise regimen in school settings for pediatric populations result in a noticeable improvement in BMI and overall fitness over the course of 1 academic year?
• P: Elderly population in assisted living facilities; I: Implementation of fall prevention program; C: Facilities without fall prevention program; O: Reduction in fall-related injuries; T: 1 year. Is there a significant reduction in fall-related injuries among the elderly residing in assisted living facilities after the implementation of a comprehensive fall prevention program within 1 year?
• P: Low-income pregnant women; I: Provision of prenatal education classes; C: Those without access to prenatal education; O: Increase in prenatal knowledge and healthier pregnancy outcomes; T: Throughout gestation. Can providing prenatal education classes to low-income pregnant women lead to increased prenatal knowledge and improved pregnancy outcomes when compared to those without access to such education?
• P: Diabetic population within the community; I: Establishment of a mobile diabetic clinic; C: No mobile clinic available; O: Enhanced diabetic management and reduced hospitalizations; T: 2 years. Does the establishment of a mobile diabetic clinic within the community lead to better diabetic management and a decrease in hospitalizations over a span of 2 years?
• P: Adolescent population in schools; I: Implementation of comprehensive sexual education; C: Schools with standard sexual education; O: Reduction in teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs); T: 3 years. Over a period of 3 years, does the implementation of comprehensive sexual education in schools result in a significant decrease in the rates of teen pregnancies and STIs among adolescents compared to schools with standard sexual education?
• P: Homeless population; I: Launch of mobile healthcare unit; C: No access to regular healthcare; O: Improvement in overall health status and decrease in emergency room visits; T: 1 year. Can the introduction of a mobile healthcare unit for the homeless population improve their overall health status and a noticeable reduction in emergency room visits within a year?
• P: Rural elderly population; I: Initiation of telehealth services ; C: Lack of telehealth services; O: Enhanced access to healthcare and better management of chronic conditions; T: 18 months. Does the introduction of telehealth services for the rural elderly population lead to increased access to healthcare services and improved management of chronic conditions over the course of 18 months?
• P: New mothers; I: Implementation of postpartum support groups; C: No postpartum support groups available; O: Reduction in postpartum depression rates and improved maternal well-being; T: 1 year. Can the implementation of postpartum support groups for new mothers lead to a significant reduction in postpartum depression rates and an overall improvement in maternal well-being within a year?
• P: LGBTQ+ youth; I: Creating safe spaces in schools; C: Absence of designated safe spaces; O: Decreased mental health challenges and higher academic achievement; T: Ongoing. Does creating safe spaces within schools for LGBTQ+ youth lead to a noticeable decrease in mental health challenges and a rise in academic achievement over an ongoing period?

Evidence-Based Practice Projects Ideas

• Evaluating the effectiveness of community-wide vaccination drives in reducing vaccine-preventable diseases.
• Assessing the impact of a smoke-free policy in public spaces on community members’ respiratory health.
• Investigating the outcomes of a nutrition education program in improving dietary habits among low-income families.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of a community-based mental health awareness campaign in reducing stigma and increasing help-seeking behavior.
• Exploring the outcomes of a diabetes management intervention using mobile health apps in urban communities.
• Studying the effects of a community gardening initiative on physical activity levels and nutrition awareness.
• Investigating the utilization and impact of telemedicine services in remote rural areas.
• Assessing the benefits of a community fitness program on cardiovascular health and overall well-being.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of a school-based anti-bullying campaign on students’ mental health.
• Analyzing the outcomes of a community-driven initiative to increase access to clean drinking water in underserved areas.

Nursing Capstone Project Ideas

• Developing a comprehensive disaster preparedness plan for a local community.
• Designing and implementing a culturally sensitive prenatal care program for immigrant populations.
• Creating a curriculum for training community health workers in identifying and addressing social determinants of health.
• Establishing a support network for caregivers of elderly individuals living at home.
• Designing a mental health first aid training program for community leaders and volunteers.
• Implementing a community-based program to promote physical activity among children with obesity.
• Creating a resource guide for LGBTQ+ youth to access healthcare services without discrimination.
• Developing a community-wide initiative to combat opioid misuse and overdose.
• Establishing a telehealth platform for remote health consultations in underserved regions.
• Designing a comprehensive sexual education curriculum for high schools to address varying cultural norms.

Nursing Research Paper Topics

• The impact of community health nursing interventions on reducing health disparities .
• Exploring the role of community health nurses in disaster response and recovery.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of school-based health clinics in improving student health outcomes.
• Investigating the barriers and facilitators of healthcare access in underserved rural communities.
• The role of community health nursing in promoting healthy aging and elderly care.
• Addressing mental health stigma through community-based interventions led by nurses.
• Analyzing the outcomes of community health education programs on reducing tobacco use .
• Exploring the relationship between community engagement and positive maternal-child health outcomes.
• The effectiveness of telehealth services in bridging healthcare gaps in remote areas.
• Investigating the impact of community health nursing in preventing and managing chronic diseases.

Community Health Nursing Research Questions

• How does the presence of community health nurses influence health outcomes in underserved urban neighborhoods?
• What are the key components of successful school-based vaccination programs , and how do they impact disease prevention?
• How do cultural competence and sensitivity affect the effectiveness of community health nursing interventions?
• What are the main challenges community health nurses face in addressing social determinants of health ?
• How does community engagement contribute to the sustainability of community health initiatives led by nurses?
• What strategies effectively promote mental health awareness and reduce stigma within communities?
• How do telehealth services improve access to healthcare for individuals in geographically isolated regions?
• What role do community health nurses play in detecting and managing chronic diseases ?
• How do community health interventions impact healthcare utilization patterns and costs?
• What are the outcomes of community health nursing programs focused on improving maternal and child health?

Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

• The Role of Community Health Nursing in Promoting Population Health.
• Addressing Health Disparities: The Impact of Community Health Nursing.
• Community-Based Approaches to Preventing Teenage Pregnancy .
• Telehealth: Bridging Healthcare Gaps in Underserved Communities.
• Cultural Competence in Community Health Nursing: Challenges and Strategies.
• Disaster Preparedness and Response: The Critical Role of Community Health Nurses.
• The Influence of Social Determinants of Health on Community Health Nursing Interventions.
• Community Health Education: Strategies for Promoting Healthy Lifestyles.
• Exploring the Connection Between Mental Health and Community Well-being.
• Innovations in Community Health Nursing: Harnessing Technology for Better Outcomes.

As nursing students, you are poised to become the next generation of community health nurses, armed with the knowledge and skills to impact the health and well-being of diverse populations positively. Community health nursing offers numerous opportunities for research, practice, and advocacy. By delving into PICOT questions, evidence-based practice projects, capstone projects, research paper topics, and research questions, you can deepen your understanding of this vital field and contribute to its growth. Don’t hesitate to seek our writing services if you need assistance with your community health nursing assignments or essays. We understand the demands of nursing education and are here to support you in your academic journey. Your dedication to improving community health is commendable, and together, we can pave the way for healthier, more vibrant communities.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Community Health Nursing

• Is community health nursing the same as nursing? Community health nursing is a specialized branch of nursing that focuses on providing holistic care to populations within specific communities. While nursing is a broader field encompassing various specialties, community health nursing is distinct in its emphasis on preventive care and health promotion within communities.
• What are the qualifications of a community health nursing? To practice community health nursing, one typically needs a registered nurse (RN) license. Many community health nurses also hold a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree, and advanced practice may require additional education such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) with a specialization in community health.
• Do community health nurses work in hospitals? While community health nurses primarily work in community settings like public health departments, schools, and clinics, they can also collaborate with hospitals to provide education, preventive care, and continuity of care to patients transitioning from hospital to home.
• Can a community health nurse become a doctor? Community health nurses can certainly pursue further education and career advancement, but the path to becoming a doctor is different. Becoming a doctor requires completing medical school and earning a medical degree (MD) or a doctor of osteopathic medicine (DO) degree, whereas community health nursing involves nursing education and training.

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Community Health Nursing Research Paper Topics

The field of community health nursing offers a vast range of community health nursing research paper topics . This is a critical area of study and practice focusing on the delivery of health care services to communities, promoting wellness, preventing diseases, and improving the quality of life across populations. It plays a pivotal role in the contemporary healthcare system by focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, and addressing health disparities in various communities. This piece will delve into a comprehensive list of research paper topics, an in-depth article on the scope and significance of community health nursing, and an overview of the services provided by iResearchNet to assist students in their academic pursuits.

100 Community Health Nursing Research Paper Topics

Community health nursing, a pivotal aspect of the healthcare system, is dedicated to promoting wellness, preventing diseases, and improving the quality of life across various populations. This vital field encompasses a wide range of research topics, reflecting its diverse and comprehensive nature. From health promotion and disease prevention to healthcare policy and global health, community health nursing research paper topics span a broad spectrum of issues that are crucial to understand and explore for the betterment of public health.

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1. Health Promotion:

• Strategies for promoting healthy eating habits in children.
• The role of community health nurses in promoting physical activity.
• Effectiveness of smoking cessation programs led by community health nurses.
• The impact of stress management programs on mental health.
• Strategies for promoting sexual health among teenagers.
• The role of community health nurses in promoting vaccination.
• Effectiveness of alcohol and drug abuse prevention programs.
• Strategies for promoting mental health in the workplace.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing rates of obesity.
• Strategies for promoting healthy aging.

2. Disease Prevention:

• The role of community health nursing in preventing infectious diseases.
• Strategies for preventing chronic diseases in high-risk populations.
• The impact of early detection and intervention on disease outcomes.
• Strategies for preventing mental health disorders in the community.
• The role of community health nursing in preventing maternal and child health problems.
• Strategies for preventing occupational health hazards.
• The impact of environmental health initiatives on disease prevention.
• Strategies for preventing communicable diseases in schools.
• The role of community health nursing in preventing substance abuse.
• Strategies for preventing elder abuse and neglect.

3. Community Assessment:

• The importance of community assessment in public health planning.
• Strategies for conducting a comprehensive community health assessment.
• The role of community health nurses in community assessment.
• The impact of community assessment on healthcare delivery.
• Strategies for assessing mental health needs in the community.
• The role of community assessment in disaster preparedness.
• Strategies for assessing the health needs of vulnerable populations.
• The impact of community assessment on health promotion programs.
• Strategies for assessing environmental health risks in the community.
• The role of community assessment in healthcare policy development.

4. Vulnerable Populations:

• Strategies for addressing the health needs of homeless populations.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for refugees and immigrants.
• Strategies for addressing the health needs of LGBTQ+ communities.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing health disparities among minority populations.
• Strategies for addressing the health needs of individuals with mental health disorders.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for individuals with disabilities.
• Strategies for addressing the health needs of individuals with chronic diseases.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing health disparities among low-income populations.
• Strategies for addressing the health needs of individuals with substance abuse disorders.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for survivors of domestic violence.

5. Community-Based Interventions:

• The impact of community-based interventions on reducing rates of infectious diseases.
• Strategies for implementing community-based interventions for chronic disease management.
• The role of community health nurses in developing and implementing community-based interventions.
• The impact of community-based interventions on mental health outcomes.
• Strategies for implementing community-based interventions for maternal and child health.
• The role of community health nursing in community-based interventions for occupational health.
• The impact of community-based interventions on environmental health outcomes.
• Strategies for implementing community-based interventions for substance abuse prevention and treatment.
• The role of community health nursing in community-based interventions for elder care.
• The impact of community-based interventions on reducing health disparities.

6. Mental Health:

• Strategies for promoting mental health awareness in the community.
• The role of community health nursing in mental health care.
• Strategies for addressing the mental health needs of individuals with chronic diseases.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing rates of suicide.
• Strategies for addressing the mental health needs of individuals with substance abuse disorders.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for individuals with anxiety and depression.
• Strategies for addressing the mental health needs of survivors of trauma.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing rates of domestic violence.
• Strategies for promoting mental health among the elderly.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

7. Maternal and Child Health:

• Strategies for promoting maternal and child health in low-income communities.
• The role of community health nursing in maternal and child health care.
• Strategies for addressing the health needs of pregnant women with substance abuse disorders.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing rates of infant mortality.
• Strategies for promoting breastfeeding in the community.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for children with chronic diseases.
• Strategies for addressing the health needs of adolescents.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing rates of teenage pregnancy.
• Strategies for promoting child immunization in the community.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for children with developmental disabilities.

8. Elderly Care:

• Strategies for promoting healthy aging in the community.
• The role of community health nursing in elderly care.
• Strategies for addressing the health needs of the elderly with chronic diseases.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing rates of elder abuse.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for the elderly with dementia.
• Strategies for addressing the health needs of the elderly living in rural areas.
• The impact of community health nursing on reducing rates of falls among the elderly.
• Strategies for promoting physical activity among the elderly.
• The role of community health nursing in caring for the elderly with mobility issues.

9. Healthcare Policy:

• The impact of healthcare policy on community health nursing.
• Strategies for influencing healthcare policy to address community health needs.
• The role of community health nursing in healthcare policy development.
• The impact of healthcare policy on health disparities.
• Strategies for influencing healthcare policy to address the needs of vulnerable populations.
• The role of community health nursing in healthcare policy implementation.
• The impact of healthcare policy on access to care.
• Strategies for influencing healthcare policy to address mental health needs.
• The role of community health nursing in healthcare policy evaluation.
• The impact of healthcare policy on health outcomes.

10. Global Health:

• The role of community health nursing in addressing global health disparities.
• Strategies for controlling infectious diseases in low-income communities.
• The impact of global health initiatives on community health nursing.
• Strategies for addressing the global health needs of refugees and immigrants.
• The role of community health nursing in global health initiatives.
• Strategies for addressing the global health needs of vulnerable populations.
• The impact of community health nursing on global health outcomes.
• Strategies for addressing global health needs through community-based interventions.
• The role of community health nursing in global health policy development.
• The impact of community health nursing on global health promotion.

Researching community health nursing is of paramount importance, as it encompasses a multitude of topics crucial for enhancing public health and reducing health disparities. From developing community-based interventions to addressing the needs of vulnerable populations and crafting effective healthcare policies, the scope of community health nursing research paper topics is vast and integral to the ongoing betterment of global health. We encourage students and researchers alike to explore these topics, contribute to this ever-evolving field, and help shape a healthier future for communities worldwide.

The Range of Community Health Nursing Research Paper Topics

Community health nursing is a crucial branch of nursing practice that focuses on the well-being of entire communities rather than individual patients. Nurses in this field work to improve the overall health of communities by promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing disease, and addressing various health-related issues that affect community members. This article will discuss the significance of community health nursing and the diverse range of research paper topics it offers, emphasizing the importance of health promotion, disease prevention, and community-based interventions.

Health Promotion

One of the primary responsibilities of community health nurses is to promote health within the community. This involves educating community members about healthy behaviors, lifestyle choices, and available resources. Community health nurses often lead campaigns to encourage healthy eating, regular exercise, stress management, and other behaviors that contribute to overall well-being. These efforts help to prevent the onset of diseases and other health issues. There are numerous research paper topics related to health promotion, such as the effectiveness of different health promotion strategies, the role of community health nurses in promoting mental health, and the impact of health promotion campaigns on the rates of chronic diseases.

Disease Prevention

Another critical aspect of community health nursing is disease prevention. Community health nurses play a vital role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases by administering vaccinations, educating the public about preventive measures, and implementing infection control practices. Additionally, they work to prevent chronic diseases by promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles that can reduce the risk of diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Research paper topics in this area could include the role of community health nurses in preventing infectious diseases, the impact of community-based interventions on the rates of chronic diseases, and the strategies for preventing mental health disorders in the community.

Community-Based Interventions

Community-based interventions are strategies implemented in the community to address specific health issues. Community health nurses are often involved in the development, implementation, and evaluation of these interventions. They may work with other healthcare professionals, community organizations, and community members to design interventions that are culturally appropriate and tailored to the specific needs of the community. These interventions may focus on various health issues, such as mental health, maternal and child health, elderly care, and substance abuse. Research paper topics in this area could include the effectiveness of community-based interventions in addressing mental health needs, the impact of community-based interventions on maternal and child health outcomes, and the strategies for implementing community-based interventions for substance abuse prevention and treatment.

Community health nursing is pivotal in enhancing well-being, averting illness, and addressing various health-related concerns within communities. The myriad of research paper topics in this domain mirrors its multifaceted nature. From promoting health and preventing disease to orchestrating community-based interventions, there are numerous dimensions where community health nursing can create a profound impact. Researchers are urged to delve into these areas and contribute to the ongoing initiatives to bolster the health and well-being of communities globally. The term “community health nursing” encompasses a broad spectrum of subjects that can facilitate the formulation of effective strategies and interventions to cater to the distinct health needs of various communities. By undertaking research in this domain, we can gain a deeper insight into the challenges encountered by communities and devise innovative solutions to overcome these hurdles and foster health and well-being for all.

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The Role of Nurses in Community Awareness and Preventive Health

Marjaneh m. fooladi.

Professor and Fulbright Scholar, University of Jordan, Amman President and Founder of Worldwide Nursing Service Network (WWNSN), PLLC 508 Twin Oaks Place, El Paso, Texas 79912, moc.liamtoh@idaloof

With access to multimedia through social networks at global level, one wonders why some of the preventive healthcare services such as children and adult immunizations, annual screening for men and women, prenatal and dental care for childbearing women and adolescents are not provided at a 100% rate. Community awareness is a crucial aspect of preventative healthcare and perhaps those responsible for implementing the national health initiatives seek to realize other key factors influencing community health. In a study of 190 community health nurses caring for blacks, Puerto Ricans and Southeast Asians, the confidence scores for cultural self-efficacy was high when nurses cared for blacks and they were low when they cared for Asians and Latinos. The lowest scores belonged to items related to knowledge of health beliefs and practices regarding respect, authority and modesty within each culture. Scores were higher when interpreters were used correctly to convey meaningful messages. Researchers concluded that nurses lacked confidence when caring for culturally diverse patients and found weaknesses across the nursing curriculum preparing nurses to care for various demographic groups. 1

In most countries, including Iran, governmental agencies have the budget and the man- power to apply preplanned initiatives and provide community-based preventive healthcare services to address the majority of the preventable health related issues through satellite clinics, health department and outpatient facilities. Meanwhile, private sectors in metropolitan cities offer cure-based services to urban and suburban communities. Remote and rural areas should be the focus of primary care and preventive health services, because access to multimedia is limited, healthcare providers refuse to work in outreach areas, and unpaved roads are barriers to easy access to the locals and outsiders. To implement an effective community-based preventive program, recognition of resiliency as a theoretical framework within that community should be considered to help explain how communities address adversity. 2 In a British study, researchers established the importance of the role of nursing in preventive health when nurses added significant improvement to reduce the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle aged patients. Nurses, compared to other healthcare providers, were able to provide health screening and doubled the recorded blood pressure, quadrupled identification of smoking habit, and increased documented weight related issues by fivefold in a primary care setting. 3

Community health nursing theory addresses collective concepts of nursing domains in an attempt to rectify environmental, resiliency, and community abilities for healthcare issues among diverse population and avoids simple groupings of aggregates. Conceptual frameworks are introduced to help urban and rural communities implement preventative measures for health and wellbeing of residents through rural-based community health nursing programs. 1 , 4 With this awareness, Iranian nurses in any practice area will find a golden opportunity to encourage, motivate, inform and guide the public to consider health screening, annual check-ups, childhood and adult immunizations and offer health education to patients across the lifespan. The role of nursing does not begin or end in a hospital-based or clinical facility. It is important to remember “Once a nurse, Always a nurse”, which means a nurse can guide and educate the public every minute and in all places, for the mere fact that medicine does NOT.

Community health is a major part of nursing profession as Sarah, who graduated from a baccalaureate nursing program 5 years ago, demonstrates her role as a spiritual journey with a firm belief to bring health awareness through motivation. Her usual day begins by telling a 45 year-old male cashier in a supermarket to go for a prostate cancer screening; a 50 year-old woman sitting in the park to have her bone density screening; asking a young mother on the bus if her children are up-to-date with their immunizations; encouraging a 16 year-old adolescent to stop smoking and discuss the adverse effects of nicotine dependency; hold a passionate conversation with a 5 month pregnant woman at a birthday party to consider natural birth versus Cesarean Section and breastfeed; discuss swimming pool safety, poison control, insect bites, falls and motor vehicle accident prevention with a teacher in her neighborhood and so on. Sarah may be unique, but her words are nothing less than the seeds of knowledge planted by a farmer to reap good health.

Nurses are the foundation of any successful social healthcare program and instrumental in implementing any private or government funded universal health plan. The role of nurses for improving the health and wellbeing of a society is undeniable and Iranian nurses should take their role more seriously for an everlasting effect on the public wellbeing.

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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16.2 Community Health Concepts

Community health nursing.

Nurses working in a community setting include public health nurses, school nurses, and parish nurses, to name a few.

Public health nurses work across various settings in the community such as government agencies, community-based centers, shelters, and vaccine distribution sites. They provide disease prevention and health promotion services, such as working with mothers and children to improve nutrition, operating immunization clinics, and leading public health education initiatives such as smoking cessation campaigns. Public health nurses also prepare to respond quickly to public health emergencies such as natural disasters or epidemics. [1] , [2] Emergency preparedness is further discussed in the “ Environmental Health and Emergency Preparedness ” chapter. See Figure 16.2 [3] for an image of a community health nurse providing health screenings in a maternal and child health clinic.

School nurses work with over 56 million school-age children and adolescents. They provide direct care for chronic health problems and administer medications prescribed during school hours. They also provide mental health care, a need that has grown during the COVID-pandemic. Their work also affects the larger community. For example, school nurses may help develop disaster plans that coordinate activities in the school with the larger neighborhood. [4] , [5]

Parish nurses use their nursing skills for church or parish members in paid or volunteer positions. They provide health education, screening, advocacy, and referrals to other services in the community. [6]

Barriers for Community Health Nurses

Community health nurses serve important roles in identifying priority health needs of a community, as well as planning and implementing preventative health initiatives. However, community health nurses may face unique barriers when providing care to individuals, families, and community members. Three barriers are referred to as gaining entry, role negotiation, and confidentiality:

• Gaining Entry: Community health nurses may be considered “outsiders” as representatives of the established health care system and may not necessarily be trusted by community members. It is vital for community health nurses to build trust and supportive relationships. When working with individuals and families, nurses should assess specific community issues affecting that individual’s health or their access to health care and then address those issues in their nursing care plan. Nurses can also investigate if there are community resources available to refer the client and/or their family members for additional services. See Figure 16.3 [7] for an image of Red Cross volunteers working with caregivers of clients receiving palliative care.
• Role Negotiation and Confidentiality: Community health nurses must separate their roles as data collectors, health professionals, and neighbors. These roles can be difficult to differentiate when the nurse is assessing community health needs and providing nursing interventions for a population of individuals within their own home community. These individuals may include family members, friends, neighbors, or peers. Trust must be established and confidentiality assured according to legal and ethical parameters of nursing practice. Nurses should also establish a sense of partnership and encourage clients to participate in planning preventative health strategies for themselves and their families.

Community Health

Community health nursing is based on several underlying concepts such as encouraging healthy living, preventing illness, promoting rehabilitation, evaluating the effectiveness of community resources, and advocating for improved overall community health. [8] , [9] In this manner, community health nurses pursue health equity. Health equity means that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible. This requires removing potential obstacles to obtaining and maintaining optimal health such as lack of access to health care services, good jobs with fair pay, quality education and housing, and safe environments. [10] Community health nurses address these conditions that are also known as social determinants of health.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age. Research shows that the SDOH can be more important than health care or lifestyle choices in influencing health and account for 30-55% of health outcomes. [11] See an illustration of SDOH in Figure 16.4. [12]  SDOH can contribute to health inequities , defined as avoidable differences in health status seen within and between communities. In countries at all levels of income, health and illness follow a social gradient: the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health. According to the World Health Organization, SDOH can influence health equity in positive and negative ways [13] :

• Income and social protection
• Unemployment and job insecurity
• Working life conditions
• Food insecurity
• Housing, basic amenities, and the environment
• Early childhood development
• Social inclusion and nondiscrimination
• Structural conflict
• Access to affordable health services of decent quality

Health disparities are health differences that are linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who often experience greater obstacles to health based on individual characteristics such as socioeconomic status, age, gender, culture, religion, mental illness, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity. [14] These groups are often referred to as “vulnerable groups,” and their care is further discussed in the “ Vulnerable Populations ” chapter.

As community health nurses strive to promote health equity, they assess SDOH, health disparities, and health inequities that are present in communities. They often begin by analyzing the context of the community because these characteristics can affect how community members respond to public health initiatives. The context of a community includes the following factors:

• For example, is this a rural community that requires long-distance transportation to health care services?
• For example, are there buses or ride share services available for members to reach health care services?
• For example, is there an area of the community located next to a factory contributing to air pollution?
• For example, is there an area where it is common for several multi-generation family members to live together in one residence?
• For example, do public parks commemorate war veterans?
• For example, what relationships do the school board members have with community members?
• For example, does the community have a tradition of celebrating Memorial Day with a parade and public tributes at a local cemetery?
• For example, is there a YMCA or other services in the community that promote physical activities for youth and other members of the community?
• For example, is there an urgent care clinic in this community that can be accessed by bus service?
• For example, is this a working class community whose members primarily work in a few local factories?
• For example, how does the mayor of this city communicate with members of the community?
• For example, is there a town board that meets regularly and collaboratively makes decisions affecting planning and zoning of the community?
• For example, is it assumed in this community that neighbors will help clean up the neighborhood after storm damage occurs to several homes?

According to the CDC, a healthy community is one in which local groups from all parts of the community work together to prevent disease and make healthy living options accessible. Working at the community level to promote healthy living brings the greatest health benefits to the greatest number of people. It also helps to reduce health gaps caused by differences in income, education, race and ethnicity, location, and other factors that can affect health. [15]

Community Health Needs Assessment

Community health needs assessment is a systematic process to identify and analyze community health needs and assets in order to prioritize these needs, plan, and act upon significant unmet community health needs. [16] A community health assessment gives nurses and community organizations comprehensive information about the community’s current health status, needs, and issues. This information can be used to develop a community health improvement plan by justifying how and where resources should be allocated to best meet community needs. [17] Community health needs assessments are performed and reported at national, state, county, and local levels.

National Health Needs Assessments

Healthy People 2030 addresses the most current national public health priorities. It is published by the United States Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Promotion. See Figure 16.5 [18] for an illustration related to using Healthy People 2030 objectives and leading health indicators to assess community needs data, plan, and evaluate community health interventions.

A set of evidence-based Healthy People objectives are published every ten years based on current national data. Objectives are classified by categories [19] :

• Health Conditions
• Health Behaviors
• Populations
• Settings and Systems
• Social Determinants of Health

Examples of Healthy People 2030 community objectives include the following [20] :

• Increase the number of community organizations that provide preventative services
• Increase the rate of bystander CPR and AED use for nontraumatic cardiac arrests in public places
• Increase the proportion of adult stroke survivors who participate in rehabilitation services

Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) are a subset of high-priority Healthy People 2030 objectives to drive action toward improving health and well-being. Most LHIs address important factors that impact major causes of death and disease in the United States. They help organizations, communities, and community health nurses focus their resources and efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people. There are 23 LHIs that cover the life span from infants, children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. See a list of LHIs in Table 16.2.

Table 16.2 Leading Health Indicators Across the Life Span

Healthy People 2030 Resources

View Healthy People 2030 Objectives , Community Objectives , and Leading Health Indicators .

State Needs Assessments

States perform health needs assessments to develop state funding and program priorities for community health. For example, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) performs a mental health and substance abuse needs assessment every other year. Data in this report includes the following:

• Prevalence of Needs: The prevalence of disorders, conditions, and associated problems for the entire population and subpopulations
• Access to Services: Determination of which and how many services are received by individuals and exploration of barriers to access
• Service Workforce and Capacity: Examination of the mental health and substance use services workforce, including the number of providers of these services and the geographic dispersion of the workforce across the state

Another example of a state needs assessment related to mental health is the Behavioral Health Gaps Study funded by the Wisconsin DHS to assess gaps and needs in the behavioral health service system for individuals with mental health and substance use disorders. Key gaps documented in this study included shortages in child and geriatric psychiatrists; shortages in mental health inpatient beds and residential facilities for treating substance use; inadequacies of the medical transportation system; a need for improving crisis stabilization services in the community that focus on reducing contact with police officers; shortages in medication-assisted treatment providers and clinics; long waitlists across the service array; shortages in competent translation services; and the need to provide wraparound services, particularly for consumers with families. [21]

Explore your state’s health needs assessments. Examples of health needs assessments in the state of Wisconsin are as follows:

Department of Health Service’s Mental Health and Substance Abuse Needs Assessment PDF

The Behavioral Health Gaps Report for the State of Wisconsin PDF completed by University of Wisconsin-Madison Population Health Institute

County Health Rankings

County health rankings are created annually by the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute for counties across the country. [22] These rankings provide a snapshot of a community’s health and can be used as a starting point for implementing change to promote health equity in communities. See the following box to explore the health ranking for your community.

Visit the Explore Health Rankings web page from the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute to view the health ranking of your community.

Local Needs Assessments

Local communities perform health needs assessments and develop specific health initiatives for their community members. For example, the Eau Claire County Health Department Needs Assessment was used to create a county health plan. In 2021 the top health priorities were documented as drug use, mental health, alcohol misuse, obesity, and healthy nutrition. See Figure 16.6 [23] with an image related to data from a county mental health needs assessment.

Explore your community’s health initiatives. View the example of Eau Claire City-County Health Department Needs Assessment .

Hospitals’ Community Health Needs Assessments

Tax-exempt hospitals are required to conduct community health needs assessments according to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (i.e., the Affordable Care Act). Hospitals are required to adopt implementation strategies to meet the community health needs identified through their needs assessment. This collaboration among hospitals and community partners expands the community’s capacity to address health needs through a shared vision and creates a foundation for coordinated efforts to improve community health. [24]

View examples of hospitals’ community health needs assessments:

Mayo Clinic’s Community Health Needs Assessment PDF

Community Health Needs Assessments by HSHS Affiliated Hospitals in Wisconsin and Illinois

• Greenwood, B. (2018, June 29). What are the primary roles of the community nurse? CHRON. https://work.chron.com/primary-roles-community-nurse-15144.html ↵
• National Academy of Medicine. (2021, May). The future of nursing 2020-2030: Charting a path to achieve health equity [Report]. https://www.phnurse.org/assets/docs/FON%20Valuing%20Community%20and%20Public%20Health%20Nursing.pdf ↵
• “ PIXNIO-45563-3000x2000 ” by USAID on Pixnio is licensed under CC0 ↵
• “ 10716898813_74292ef548_k ” by Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade is licensed under CC BY 2.0 ↵
• Braveman, P., Arkin, E., Orleans, T., Proctor, D., & Plough, A. (2017, May 1). What is health equity? Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2017/05/what-is-health-equity-.html ↵
• World Health Organization. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 ↵
• “Healthy People 2030 SDOH Graphic.png” by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion is in the Public Domain . Access for free at https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health ↵
• HealthyPeople.gov. (2022, February 6). Disparities. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Disparities ↵
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, September 18). A healthy community is a prepared community. [Blog]. https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2015/09/a-healthy-community-is-a-prepared-community / ↵
• Vigna, A. J. (2020). The 2019 behavioral health gaps report for the state of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. https://uwphi.pophealth.wisc.edu/publications-2/evaluation-reports-2/. ↵
• VHA Inc., & Healthy Communities Institute. (2013) . Assessing & addressing community health needs. Catholic Heart Association of the United States. https://www.chausa.org/docs/default-source/general-files/cb_assessingaddressing-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=4 ↵
• “HP2030_HowtoUse_Screen1_2020-03-24.png” by unknown author for U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is in the Public Domain . Access for free at https://health.gov/our-work/national-health-initiatives/healthy-people/healthy-people-2030/promoting-healthy-people-2030 . ↵
• Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Healthy People 2030: Building a healthier future for all. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/healthypeople ↵
• This image is derived from 2021 Eau Claire County Community Health Assessment by Community Health Assessment Planning Partnership Committee and is in the Public Domain ↵
• VHA Inc., & Healthy Communities Institute. (2013). Assessing & addressing community health needs . Catholic Heart Association of the United States. https://www.chausa.org/docs/default-source/general-files/cb_assessingaddressing-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=4 ↵

Nurses who work across various settings in the community such as government agencies, community-based centers, shelters, and vaccine distribution sites.

Nurses who provide direct care for children with chronic health problems and administer medications prescribed during school hours.

Nurses who use their skills for church or parish members in paid or volunteer positions.

Everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible.

Conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age.

Avoidable differences in health status seen within and between communities.

Health differences that are linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages.

Local groups from all parts of the community work together to prevent disease and make healthy living options accessible.

Systematic process to identify and analyze community health needs and assets in order to prioritize these needs, plan, and act upon significant unmet community health needs.

Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts Copyright © 2022 by Chippewa Valley Technical College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Home > Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Capstone Projects > ALL-PROGRAMS > HLTH_COMMUNITY_HEALTH_THESES

Community Health Education Theses

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Identifying Barriers to Dental Care Among Hispanics in Southwest Minnesota , Lissette Garza

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

The Assessment of Emergency Preparedness Among University Students , Arliah Cox

Stress Coping Responses of Undergraduate University Students Prior to & Since the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic , Kaylee Diefenderfer

Perceptions of Well-Being Among College Majors , Baylee Jahraus

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Assessment of Perceived Levels of Stress and Coping Mechanism Use Among Elementary School Teachers , Lauren Larson

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

An Assessment of Knowledge, Behavior, and Consumption Patterns Surrounding Sugar- Sweetened Beverages Among Young Adults , Anne Harguth

Perceptions, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Behaviors of Mouthguard Use Among Collegiate Athletes , Heather Prosser

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Vaccine Knowledge and Attitudes among University Students , McKenzie Schmitz

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Assessment of Perceived Levels of Stress and Coping Mechanisms Among University Students , Nancy Adomako-Saahene

A Needs Assessment: The Barriers Preventing Students at a Large Midwestern University from Accessing the Dental Clinic on Campus for Preventative Care , Pamela Briese

Incentive-Use in Worksite Wellness Programs in MN Government Agencies , Sandra Bromley

Assessing Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Hand Hygiene Among University Students , Linda Afia Mbroh

Blood Pressure Screening Practices Among Dental Hygienists , Mariah Sullinger

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Assessment of Stress Related Issues and Coping Mechanisms among College Students , Emeka Okoro

Assessing the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Dietary Behaviors Among Young Adults , Breanna Tofteland

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Workplace Management Knowledge and Support for Employee Breastfeeding Practices , Elizabeth Heimer

Student’s Oral Health Knowledge, Oral Health Practices, and Their Susceptibility to Oral Health Diseases at a Midwestern University , Mouhamed Koubaytari

Avian and Pandemic Influenza Knowledge and Risk Perception in Southern Minnesota , Holly Munch

Preconception Health Knowledge among Undergraduate Women , Ashley Mae Paulsen

Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Current Mind-Body Practices and Perceptions of Undergraduate Students , Julia Ann Marie Putz

Screen Time and Sleep Condition among Selected College Students , Angela Lynn Sargent

Understanding Zoonotic Enteric Disease in Minnesota: A Spatio Temporal Analysis and Causal Theory Approach , Suchismita Swain

The Relationship Between Religiosity and Depression Among Sampled Kenyans In The Twin Cities Metro Area , Dorcas Waite

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

North Minneapolis Residents' Knowledge and Awareness of Indoor Air Quality in Older Residences , Blisse Marie Cajacob

Impact of Stigma on Attitudes towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help for Depression , Anna Marie Dierks

Fruit and Vegetable Availability, Nutrition Education and Access Amongst Food Pantries in California, Maine, Mississippi and South Dakota , Sarah L. Fowler

An Analysis of Western Medicine Mistrust Among Selected African Immigrant Women in Minnesota , Wanjiru Julie Gicheru

Minnesota Collaborative Agreement: Potential for Dental Hygienists to Increase Direct Access for Underserved Populations , Rachel Jane Kashani-Legler

Human Papillomavirus and Human Herpesvirus-8: Knowledge, Perception of Risk and Barriers to Screening and Treatment among Selected Students at Africa University, Zimbabwe , Rujeko Olga Machinga

Young Adults’ Attitudes and Perceptions on Health Insurance and their Health Insurance Literacy Levels , Law Yang

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Relationship between Nurses' Job Satisfaction and Quality of Healthcare They Deliver , Samuel Aron

Employees' Interests and Preferences Regarding Worksite Exercise Programs , Amber Butcher

Religiosity, Spirituality, and Quality of Life Among Selected University Students , Abby Austin Kreitlow

Health Literacy Proficiency, Sources of Health Information, and Perceived Barriers to Health Literacy Among Selected Members of the Hmong Community in Minnesota , Amanda Vang

Elderly Patient Adherence to Ocular Pharmaceuticals; Impact of Educational and Physical Barriers , Lucky Wagner

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Physical Environment and Women's Physical Activity Behaviors , Beth Ann Brisky

Plan B Emergency Contraception: Sampled University Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors , Natalie Hazel

Risk Perceptions of Cardiovascular Disease in College Students , Antonia Kolas

Knowledge of HPV, Perception of Risk, and Intent to obtain HPV Vaccination among sampled Male University Students at Minnesota State University, Mankato , Lia Lambert

Sex Education Background of Students at MSU, Mankato Prior to Enrollment at the University , Natalie McConkey

Sampled University Students' Perceived Risk of Diabetes & Self-reported Diabetes Risk Factors , Ajibike R. Shodunke

University Students' Perceptions Of The Severity Of Binge Drinking , Lauren Eleanore Stone

Breastfeeding knowledge, practice, attitudes, and influencing factors: Findings from a selected sample of breastfeeding mothers in Bemidji, Minnesota , Hadeel Adnan Tanash

Recognition of and Attitudes Toward, Intimate Partner Violence Among Sampled University Students , Samantha Maureen Wobschall

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Health Promotion in the Workplace: Exploring Perspectives of Barriers and Incentives to Employee Participation , Amanda Conlon

The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Alcohol Use Among Students at Minnesota State University - Mankato , Ganisher Davlyatov

The Impact of Telephonic Health Coaching on Physical Activity, Healthy Eating, and Cholesterol Levels , Jill Marie Hansen

Selected College Students' Perceptions, Knowledge and Awareness of Sexual Abuse of Children , Farhiya A. Muse

Access to EMS Services and Training, Knowledge, and Perceptions Related to First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Skills Among College Students , Feifei Sun

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Mothers' Health and Health Behaviors that Influence Childhod Obesity Maternal BMI and Infant Feeding Methods , Mohamed Abdullah Alammari

Assessment of Selected University Students' Knowledge of Blood Donation and the Relationship with Intent to Donate Blood , Jeffrey Allerson

Study of International Students' Definations of, and Perceptions About, Domestic Violence Against Women , Sarbinaz Zamirovna Bekmuratova

Health Care Providers' Intention to Provide Culturally Competent Health Care to Somali Based Upon the Indirect Measures of the Integrated Behavioral Model , Amanda Kaye Ciesinski

The Relationship Between Religiosity & Selected Health Behaviors of African Americans of the Pentecostal Faith , Caprice Jones-Agunbiade

Perceptions of Risk Associated with Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections among University Women attending Minnesota State University, Mankato , Jessica Maria Seide

The Relationship Between Disordered Eating Behaviors and Exercise Addiction Among Selected University Students at Minnesota State University, Mankato , Haley Wasko

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Assessing Students' Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes at a Midwest Public University , Nicole DeCourcy Ferrian

An Investigation on HIV Related Stigma to Improve HIV Prevention Efforts in North Dakota , Krissie Lynn Mayer-Guerard

Use of Social Marketing Promotional Strategies to Create Awareness of Worksite Health Promotion Programs: A Survey of Program Coordinators , Anna Catherine Stahl

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