educational level

What is Level of Education – Meaning and Examples

Wondering what the level of education meaning is? Well, the level of education of someone refers to the highest educational degree they’ve obtained. It could be Ph.D., Master’s, college, or even a lower degree.

When it comes to education, everything can get a little confusing.

In the United States, you’ll hear people talk about Kindergarten, Elementary School, Middle School, High School, and College. When other countries implement the “6 years of Primary School” system, this sometimes means ages 5-11.

Therefore, the level of education varies by country. However, in this article, I will try to cover every question you may possibly have regarding the meaning of “level of education”, including the different education levels available.

What is the Meaning of Level of Education?

One of the oldest questions you will probably get most time during an interview is, “What level of education do you have?” The correct answer to this question will reflect the level of knowledge you might have acquired over the years of your education in your chosen course/career.

The question is the same as your highest level of education or current level of education which simply means the current or highest degree you’ve obtained so far in your education journey.

One thing you must understand is, that the level of education is completely dependent on the person in question. While some have only managed to finish high school, some other people have gone passed college and presently pursuing a Master’s degree.

What are the Examples of Education Levels?

1. primary education.

This level of education is the first stage of formal education that occurs after pre-primary education.

Typically children are five to eight years old. The term primary school is common in some English-speaking countries, such as New Zealand and Australia, and Northern Ireland, to refer to the first four to seven years of mandatory school (ages 5–11).

In other countries, primary education is included in compulsory schooling laws without an explicit differentiation between primary and secondary levels; for example, it may be called “elementary education” or “grade school”.

2. Secondary education

Secondary education is the stage of formal learning that comes after primary or basic education.

Generally, this level of education is for students from 11 or 12 to 18 or 19 years old (or sometimes even older) and leads to certificates, diplomas, or other awards that allow students to enter higher education (university) or find employment.

In many parts of the world, secondary schools are the same as high schools or grammar schools because they are typically next to higher-level schools such as colleges and universities, where the final year of high school often overlaps with the first year of university studies.

3. Higher education (Bachelor’s degree)

This education level (typically four years) is an undergraduate education that provides students with broad knowledge in an academic field.

Furthermore, students who complete this type of program can usually enter the workforce or transfer to a more specialized program at a four-year institution.

This type of education level is typically under the supervision of faculties and departments. It involves teaching, research, and community service and the school can confer bachelor’s degrees in various disciplines.

4. Master’s degree

A master’s degree (typically one or two years) is an advanced degree offered after the completion of a bachelor’s program.

While master’s programs vary greatly depending on the field, they typically focus on developing more in-depth knowledge within a chosen subject area as well as practical skills related to work or research requirements for the position being sought by students.

5. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

The Ph.D.’s main purpose is to provide highly qualified specialists with the training necessary for them to conduct research and contribute to the progress of their chosen field(s).

Some people think that the Ph.D.’s main purpose is simply to provide more information or insight into a subject, but this isn’t true — although this may happen as part of your research work on your dissertation (final project).

What is the Highest Level of Education?

The highest level of education is a Doctor of Philosophy or Ph.D . The Ph.D. is the highest degree that universities award to people in most fields of study.

The term “Ph.D.” comes from the Latin phrase Philosophiae doctor, which translates to “doctor of philosophy.”

The Ph.D. is not a professional degree, but it does signify that the person has achieved an advanced level of knowledge in his or her field of study and has been vetted by an academic committee as worthy of being awarded a doctorate degree in his or her field.

Is it Important to Include Your Level of Education in Your Resume?

Yes, it is important to include your level of education in your resume.

It demonstrates to the employer that you are motivated and have achieved some level of success in school. It also helps them to determine if they are capable of completing the task at hand.

In addition, include as many educational details as possible, including the institution you graduated from and the degree you earned at that institution.

This will set you aside from other applicants who did not attend college or graduate school.

Level of Education Meaning: FAQs

What are the objectives of education at different levels.

Generally, For a student, education is acquiring knowledge while for a teacher is imparting knowledge regardless of the level.

Therefore, the objective of education at all levels is teaching and learning.

What does education level mean?

While this depends on the context of the question, education level means the highest or most recent level of education you have achieved.

What does the level of education on a resume mean?

This is the information about the schools you attended, the degrees you are awarded, your GPA (not necessary), and any special awards and honors you earned.

How many years does it take to complete higher education?

Higher education (bachelor’s degree) typically takes four (4) years to complete. However, it might take you more or less in some countries.

Level of Education Meaning: Conclusion

While the level of education meaning is generally about the level of knowledge one has acquired in the education space within a particular field, it’s a no-brainer that educating yourself is one of the best ways to achieve success in life.

But there’s more to education than formal schooling. Entrepreneurship classes, online courses and workshops , book clubs, and singing lessons are just some other forms of education to really give you an edge in the competitive world.

In addition to that, before you make an attempt to engage yourself with these other forms of education which are equally important, it important to find out the method of learning that is perfect for you. Therefore here are the most effective learning styles you should check out.

I hope you found this article helpful.

Thanks for reading.

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Home > List of statistical resources > Concepts and definitions > International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)

• Classification

International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)

Table of contents, related pages.

Education and Mismatch Indicators (EMI database)

UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

Introduction

The ISCED was designed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in the early 1970s to serve as an instrument suitable for assembling, compiling and presenting comparable indicators and statistics of education, both within countries and internationally. The original version of ISCED (ISCED-76) classified educational programmes by their content along two main axes: levels of education and fields of education. The cross-classification variables were maintained in the revised ISCED-97; however, the rules and criteria for allocating programmes to a level of education were clarified and tightened, and the fields of education were further elaborated. In 2011, a new classification ISCED 2011 was introduced; however, reporting according to ISCED-11 did not start until 2014.

Aggregate levels of education

Aggregate levels of education presented in ILOSTAT are based on the following concordances with ISCED-11 and ISCED-97.

X. No schooling 0. Early childhood education 1. Primary education 2. Lower secondary education 3. Upper secondary education 4. Post-secondary non-tertiary education 5. Short-cycle tertiary education 6. Bachelor’s or equivalent level 7. Master’s or equivalent level 8. Doctoral or equivalent level 9. Not elsewhere classified

X. No schooling 0. Pre-primary education 1. Primary education or first stage of basic education 2. Lower secondary or second stage of basic education 3. Upper secondary education 4. Post-secondary non-tertiary education 5. First stage of tertiary education (not leading directly to an advanced research qualification) 6. Second stage of tertiary education (leading to an advanced research qualification) ?. Level not stated

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From Associate to Doctorate: A Complete Guide to College Degree Levels

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Are you ready to discover your college program?

Considering a college degree? First, you'll have to understand the types of degrees and college degree levels.

Different degrees prepare you for different career paths. For example, you can't become a psychologist with just a bachelor's degree — you'd need a master's or doctorate in psychology. And you usually can't become an engineer without at least a bachelor's degree.

Typically, as your university degree level rises, your earning potential increases, and the unemployment rate decreases. That's one more reason it's important to understand the different types of degrees.

What Types of Degrees Are There in College?

There are many types of degrees you can earn in college. College degree levels can be broken down into two categories: undergraduate degrees and graduate degrees.

Here are the college degrees in order, from lowest ranking to highest:

• Associate degree (undergraduate)
• Bachelor's degree (undergraduate)
• Master's degree (graduate)
• Doctoral degree (graduate)

While a doctorate is the highest education level, some fields may stop at a master's. The phrase "terminal degree" refers to the highest degree in a field.

A professional degree is a type of graduate degree — often a doctorate — that prepares you for a professional career in fields like law and medicine.

Popular Online Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

Associate Degree

• Typical Program Length: 1-2 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 60

Most associate degrees prepare you to enter the workforce immediately upon graduation. These programs can be found at community and technical colleges and typically last 1-2 years.

An associate degree can also serve as the foundation for a bachelor's program. You may even be able to transfer some of the credits you earned for your associate degree toward a four-year degree.

Some associate degrees require you to complete an internship or practicum in addition to taking classes. This is particularly common among healthcare and tech degrees.

To apply for an associate degree program , you'll need a high school diploma or equivalent, like a GED certificate. Some schools may require you to submit standardized test scores, such as the ACT or the SAT, as well.

Featured Associate Programs

What can you do with an associate degree.

An associate degree prepares you for vocational, allied health, and support roles. For example, you can become a medical assistant , paralegal , or vet tech with an associate degree.

The highest-paying careers with an associate degree pay over $80,000 per year. See the table below for salary information on other popular associate degree jobs.

Source: BLS

Types of Associate Degrees

Colleges can offer three kinds of associate degrees:

• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Science (AS)
• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)

Arts, humanities, and creative fields typically offer an AA, whereas social sciences and natural sciences fields often award an AS. Many applied and vocational programs offer an AAS degree.

The type of degree matters if you're planning to transfer into a bachelor's program. Colleges normally offer fewer transfer credits for an AAS degree.

Popular Associate Degrees

• Business Administration
• Business Management
• Computer Science
• Criminal Justice
• Cybersecurity
• Early Childhood Education
• Graphic Design
• Healthcare Management
• Information Technology
• Medical Assisting
• Medical Billing and Coding
• Pre-Nursing
• Social Work

Bachelor's Degree

• Typical Program Length: 4 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 120

A bachelor's degree prepares you for many career paths. You'll generally spend four years earning a bachelor's degree at a college or university. You'll take general education classes and courses in your major . You can also choose a minor.

Some colleges offer accelerated bachelor's programs , which take less time — often 2-3 years. Degree-completion programs can also speed up the timeline by awarding you credit for previous college coursework.

You can earn your bachelor's degree online as well. An online degree from an accredited college meets the same standards as that of an in-person degree.

You'll need a high school diploma for admission and may also need to submit SAT or ACT scores.

Featured Bachelor's Programs

What can you do with a bachelor's degree.

In diverse industries like business, tech, and education, a bachelor's degree can prepare you for many entry-level careers. Some of the highest-paying jobs with a bachelor's degree include roles in finance, management, and tech.

Graduates with a four-year degree can also benefit from high demand in many lucrative fields, like software development and engineering. The table below introduces some popular jobs with a bachelor's degree.

Types of Bachelor's Degrees

You can earn a bachelor's degree in many fields. Some of the most common types of bachelor's degrees you'll see include:

• Bachelor of Arts (BA)
• Bachelor of Science (BS)
• Bachelor of Applied Arts (BAA)
• Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS)
• Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.)
• Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

The two most popular degrees are a BA and a BS. These degrees cover all arts and sciences majors and some education and engineering degrees.

Popular Bachelor's Degrees

• Civil Engineering
• Communication
• Computer Programming
• Health Informatics
• Health Sciences
• Human Resources
• Mathematics
• Organizational Psychology
• Political Science
• Public Policy
• Supply Chain and Logistics

Master's Degree

• Typical Program Length: 1-3 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 30

A master's degree can help you gain specialized skills and qualify for higher-paying roles. As a graduate student, you'll work closely with experts in your field to explore advanced topics.

While a master's degree typically takes two years, some universities offer accelerated one-year master's programs. You can also enroll in a bachelor's-to-master's program to earn both a bachelor's and master's degree in less time.

Most master's programs require a minimum of 30 credits. Admission and graduation requirements vary depending on the program. For example, many arts and sciences master's programs require GRE scores , while business programs typically require GMAT scores .

Featured Master's Programs

What can you do with a master's degree.

With a master's degree, you can qualify for management-level careers and specialized roles in industries like healthcare, research, and social services. The highest-paying master's degrees include MBAs and nurse practitioner degrees.

Learn more about the earning potential and demand for popular master's degree jobs below.

Types of Master's Degrees

Here are some of the most common types of master's degrees you can earn:

• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Science (MS)
• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Education (M.Ed.)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
• Master of Laws (LL.M.)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Public Policy (MPP)
• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)

An MA and an MS are among the most popular master's degrees. Humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences fields typically award an MA or an MS. Other popular options include an MBA and an M.Ed.

Popular Master's Degrees

• Creative Writing
• Data Science
• Engineering
• Healthcare Administration
• Library and Information Science
• Network Security
• Public Health
• Supply Chain Management

Doctoral Degrees

• Typical Program Length: 2-10 years
• Typical Number of Credits: Varies

A doctorate represents the highest degree you can get in academia. There are a few types of doctoral degrees you can get.

Professional doctorates train you for a professional career. For example, law school and med school are two common professional paths. A Ph.D., on the other hand — by far one of the most common types of doctorates — emphasizes theory and research.

In a doctoral program, you'll take graduate-level seminars and courses, take comprehensive exams, conduct original research, and defend a dissertation in front of a faculty committee.

Most applied doctorates take 3-5 years, while a Ph.D. typically requires 4-6 years of coursework. In certain fields, you can earn your doctorate online.

Some doctoral programs require a master's degree for admission, whereas others admit applicants with just a bachelor's degree. You may need to submit standardized test scores depending on the program.

Featured Doctoral Programs

What can you do with a doctorate.

If you want to become a physician , professor , or lawyer, you'll need a doctorate. In many fields, a doctorate translates into higher salaries. Lawyers, pharmacists , and physicists all report median salaries of over $125,000 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

The following table shows the earning potential and demand for popular doctoral degree jobs.

Types of Doctoral Degrees

A doctorate is the highest education level, but there are still several types of doctoral degrees. Here are some of the most common you can get:

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD)
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
• Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
• Juris Doctor (JD)

A Ph.D. is the most popular doctorate. You can earn a Ph.D. in many arts and sciences fields. Other doctorates take their names from the career path associated with the degree.

Popular Doctoral Degrees

• Curriculum and Instruction
• Educational Administration
• Educational Leadership
• Human Services
• Legal Studies
• Organizational Leadership
• Public Administration

Frequently Asked Questions About College Degree Levels

What are the four types of college degrees.

The four types of college degrees are associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees. Colleges classify associate and bachelor's degrees as undergraduate degrees and master's and doctoral degrees as graduate degrees.

Within those categories, you can earn many types of degrees. For instance, at the bachelor's level, you could earn a bachelor of arts (BA), a bachelor of science (BS), or a bachelor of fine arts (BFA) degree.

What is a four-year college degree called?

A four-year college degree is called a bachelor's degree. Another term for this degree type is a baccalaureate degree.

Many careers require a bachelor's degree for entry-level roles. For example, most careers in business require you to hold a bachelor's degree. Many roles in tech, education, the public sector, and engineering also require you to have a four-year degree.

Some career paths require a specific major. In many states, you'll need a bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) to become a registered nurse . In other fields, your specific major matters less than the quality of your skills.

What is the highest degree?

The highest degree is a doctorate, also called a doctoral degree. In terms of university degree levels, both master's and bachelor's degrees rank below doctorates.

You can earn a doctorate in a wide array of fields, including the social sciences, business, the humanities, education, engineering, and healthcare.

In some fields, however, a master's degree represents the terminal, or highest, degree. For instance, a master of fine arts (MFA) is the terminal degree for creative writing.

What is the hardest college degree?

Most would agree that the hardest college degree is a doctorate. As the highest education level, a doctorate requires significant expertise in the field.

Many Ph.D. programs take six years or more and require you to write a book-length dissertation based on original research.

Because a doctorate represents the top of the university degree levels, it's a relatively uncommon degree. Only around 2% of U.S. adults held a doctorate in 2022, according to the U.S. Census Bureau .

What is the quickest degree?

The fastest degree you can get is either a one-year associate degree or a one-year master's degree. While other types of degrees typically take a minimum of two years, you can earn a master's degree in one year with an accelerated or fast-track program.

You can sometimes add a master's degree to your bachelor's through a 4+1 program, also known as a bachelor's-to-master's program. In this case, some of your coursework counts toward both your undergraduate and graduate degrees, meaning you'll spend an additional year in college to leave with a master's degree.

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Three charts on education levels by race and ethnicity

Black and Hispanic students had the lowest rates of enrolling in college and graduating four-year college within six years.

Updated on Thu, June 29, 2023 by the USAFacts Team

USAFacts’ 2023 State of the Union in Numbers features a detailed look at Americans’ highest levels of education. Included is this chart which uses Census Bureau and National Center of Education Statistics data to visualize educational attainment through the lens of race.

The chart on student educational attainment has three sections separated by race and ethnicity: The percentage who graduated high school in 2014, the percentage who enrolled in college that same year, and the percentage of that same cohort who graduated from two-year or four-year college programs.

Eighty-two percent of the 2010 freshman class graduated high school in 2014. Of the graduates, 56% enrolled in a college program and 29% went on to graduate college.

Key takeaway: Asian/Pacific Islander students had the largest high school graduation rates of any race/ethnicity in 2014, 89% followed by white students. Black students had the lowest graduation rates, with less than three-quarters of students starting high school in 2010 and graduating by 2014.

The middle of the chart covers the students who enrolled in a two-year or four-year college the following fall semester. In 2014, more than half of recent high school graduates enrolled in a four-year or two-year college program that fall.

Key takeaway: Asian and Pacific Islander students were the most likely group to graduate high school, enroll in college and graduate four-year from a college within six years.

What percentage of 2010 high school freshmen graduated in 2014 and subsequently graduated from a two- or four-year college? The chart below answers this question. It also highlights the percentage of college enrollees who graduated from four-year colleges within six years or graduated from two-year college within three years.

Key takeaway: Of the students enrolled in four-year colleges in 2014, 14% of Black students and 13% of Hispanic students graduated by 2020. The graduation rates of Asian/Pacific Islander students for two-year college and four-year college are higher than the averages of all students.

The State of the Union in Numbers has more explorations of educational outcomes. Dive into the data, then see USAFacts’ metrics on proficiency scores and per-student spending. Get the data directly in your inbox by signing up for our newsletter.

Explore more of USAFacts

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Related Data

High school graduates

3.67 million

College enrollment

18.99 million

College graduation rate at four-year institutions, within six years of start

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Global Education

By Hannah Ritchie, Veronika Samborska, Natasha Ahuja, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina and Max Roser

A good education offers individuals the opportunity to lead richer, more interesting lives. At a societal level, it creates opportunities for humanity to solve its pressing problems.

The world has gone through a dramatic transition over the last few centuries, from one where very few had any basic education to one where most people do. This is not only reflected in the inputs to education – enrollment and attendance – but also in outcomes, where literacy rates have greatly improved.

Getting children into school is also not enough. What they learn matters. There are large differences in educational outcomes : in low-income countries, most children cannot read by the end of primary school. These inequalities in education exacerbate poverty and existing inequalities in global incomes .

On this page, you can find all of our writing and data on global education.

Key insights on Global Education

The world has made substantial progress in increasing basic levels of education.

Access to education is now seen as a fundamental right – in many cases, it’s the government’s duty to provide it.

But formal education is a very recent phenomenon. In the chart, we see the share of the adult population – those older than 15 – that has received some basic education and those who haven’t.

In the early 1800s, fewer than 1 in 5 adults had some basic education. Education was a luxury; in all places, it was only available to a small elite.

But you can see that this share has grown dramatically, such that this ratio is now reversed. Less than 1 in 5 adults has not received any formal education.

This is reflected in literacy data , too: 200 years ago, very few could read and write. Now most adults have basic literacy skills.

What you should know about this data

• Basic education is defined as receiving some kind of formal primary, secondary, or tertiary (post-secondary) education.
• This indicator does not tell us how long a person received formal education. They could have received a full program of schooling, or may only have been in attendance for a short period. To account for such differences, researchers measure the mean years of schooling or the expected years of schooling .

Despite being in school, many children learn very little

International statistics often focus on attendance as the marker of educational progress.

However, being in school does not guarantee that a child receives high-quality education. In fact, in many countries, the data shows that children learn very little.

Just half – 48% – of the world’s children can read with comprehension by the end of primary school. It’s based on data collected over a 9-year period, with 2016 as the average year of collection.

This is shown in the chart, where we plot averages across countries with different income levels. 1

The situation in low-income countries is incredibly worrying, with 90% of children unable to read by that age.

This can be improved – even among high-income countries. The best-performing countries have rates as low as 2%. That’s more than four times lower than the average across high-income countries.

Making sure that every child gets to go to school is essential. But the world also needs to focus on what children learn once they’re in the classroom.

Millions of children learn only very little. How can the world provide a better education to the next generation?

Research suggests that many children – especially in the world’s poorest countries – learn only very little in school. What can we do to improve this?

• This data does not capture total literacy over someone’s lifetime. Many children will learn to read eventually, even if they cannot read by the end of primary school. However, this means they are in a constant state of “catching up” and will leave formal education far behind where they could be.

Children across the world receive very different amounts of quality learning

There are still significant inequalities in the amount of education children get across the world.

This can be measured as the total number of years that children spend in school. However, researchers can also adjust for the quality of education to estimate how many years of quality learning they receive. This is done using an indicator called “learning-adjusted years of schooling”.

On the map, you see vast differences across the world.

In many of the world’s poorest countries, children receive less than three years of learning-adjusted schooling. In most rich countries, this is more than 10 years.

Across most countries in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa – where the largest share of children live – the average years of quality schooling are less than 7.

• Learning-adjusted years of schooling merge the quantity and quality of education into one metric, accounting for the fact that similar durations of schooling can yield different learning outcomes.
• Learning-adjusted years is computed by adjusting the expected years of school based on the quality of learning, as measured by the harmonized test scores from various international student achievement testing programs. The adjustment involves multiplying the expected years of school by the ratio of the most recent harmonized test score to 625. Here, 625 signifies advanced attainment on the TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) test, with 300 representing minimal attainment. These scores are measured in TIMSS-equivalent units.

Hundreds of millions of children worldwide do not go to school

While most children worldwide get the opportunity to go to school, hundreds of millions still don’t.

In the chart, we see the number of children who aren’t in school across primary and secondary education.

This number was around 260 million in 2019.

Many children who attend primary school drop out and do not attend secondary school. That means many more children or adolescents are missing from secondary school than primary education.

Access to basic education: almost 60 million children of primary school age are not in school

The world has made a lot of progress in recent generations, but millions of children are still not in school.

The gender gap in school attendance has closed across most of the world

Globally, until recently, boys were more likely to attend school than girls. The world has focused on closing this gap to ensure every child gets the opportunity to go to school.

Today, these gender gaps have largely disappeared. In the chart, we see the difference in the global enrollment rates for primary, secondary, and tertiary (post-secondary) education. The share of children who complete primary school is also shown.

We see these lines converging over time, and recently they met: rates between boys and girls are the same.

For tertiary education, young women are now more likely than young men to be enrolled.

While the differences are small globally, there are some countries where the differences are still large: girls in Afghanistan, for example, are much less likely to go to school than boys.

Research & Writing

Talent is everywhere, opportunity is not. We are all losing out because of this.

Access to basic education: almost 60 million children of primary school age are not in school, interactive charts on global education.

This data comes from a paper by João Pedro Azevedo et al.

João Pedro Azevedo, Diana Goldemberg, Silvia Montoya, Reema Nayar, Halsey Rogers, Jaime Saavedra, Brian William Stacy (2021) – “ Will Every Child Be Able to Read by 2030? Why Eliminating Learning Poverty Will Be Harder Than You Think, and What to Do About It .” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 9588, March 2021.

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Education level.

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Career Outlook article page

Data on display Education pays, 2021

Note: These data have been updated. Find the most recent chart in the education level archives.

As the U.S. labor market continues to recover from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, one constant remains: Education boosts earnings and reduces unemployment.

The charts highlight differences in 2021 earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment, using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Current Population Survey (CPS). Workers age 25 and over who attained less than a high school diploma had the lowest median weekly earnings ($626) and highest unemployment rate (8.3 percent) among those at all education levels. Workers with graduate degrees (master's, professional, and doctoral degrees) had the highest earnings and lowest unemployment rates.

At all education levels, unemployment rates were lower in 2021 compared with 2020 but still higher than in 2019, as businesses and consumers began to resume activities. Median weekly earnings rose at all levels of education from 2020 to 2021.

The Current Population Survey is a monthly survey that collects information about the labor force, including age, employment status, and other characteristics. Additional information on  earnings ,  unemployment , and the effects of the  COVID-19 pandemic  is available from the  CPS  program.

Visit the  Occupational Outlook Handbook  to learn about education requirements, pay, and more for hundreds of occupations. A tool on the homepage allows you to select occupations by factors such as entry-level education, median pay, and number of new jobs projected.

"Education pays, 2021," Career Outlook, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2022.

¿Vale la pena tener una educación?

Projected openings in college occupations

Field of Degree data

Educational attainment by occupation

Educational attainment, telework, and COVID-19

• Associate’s degree
• Career planning
• Education level
• Graduate degree
• High school
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Education worldwide - statistics & facts

Regional differences in higher education, the impact of covid-19, key insights.

Detailed statistics

Educational attainment worldwide 2020, by gender and level

Global adult literacy rate 2000-2022, by gender

Global youth literacy rate 2000-2022, by gender

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Current statistics on this topic.

Education Level & Skills

Educational Institutions & Market

Share of people with tertiary education in OECD countries 2022, by country

Illiteracy rates by world region 2022

Related topics

Education around the world.

• Education in Europe
• Education in China
• Education in Australia

Gender equality

• Gender equality worldwide
• Global status of women
• Gender equality in Europe

Higher education

• Higher education in South Korea
• Higher education in the UK
• Higher education in France

Recommended statistics

• Basic Statistic Educational attainment worldwide 2020, by gender and level
• Basic Statistic Share of OECD population with primary education as highest education level 2021
• Basic Statistic Share of population in OECD countries with secondary education 2022
• Basic Statistic Share of people with tertiary education in OECD countries 2022, by country
• Premium Statistic Education Index - comparison of selected countries 2021
• Premium Statistic Share of population not in education or employment globally2023, by gender and region
• Basic Statistic Pre-education participation rate worldwide 2022, by region

Educational attainment worldwide in 2020, by gender and level

Share of OECD population with primary education as highest education level 2021

Share of population in OECD countries with primary or lower secondary education as highest education level in 2021, by country

Share of population in OECD countries with secondary education 2022

Share of population in OECD countries with upper secondary education as highest education level in 2022

Share of people with tertiary education in OECD and affiliated countries in 2022, by country

Education Index - comparison of selected countries 2021

Education index including inequality* of selected countries in 2021 (in parts per 1,000)

Share of population not in education or employment globally2023, by gender and region

Share of population not in education, training, or employment worldwide in 2023, by gender and region

Pre-education participation rate worldwide 2022, by region

Participation rate in organized learning (one year before official primary entry age) worldwide in 2022, by region

Primary education

• Basic Statistic Number of pupils in primary education worldwide 2000-2020
• Basic Statistic Net enrollment rate in primary school worldwide 2000-2018
• Basic Statistic Lower secondary education net enrollment rate globally 2020, by country development
• Basic Statistic Primary school completion rate worldwide 2000-2020

Number of pupils in primary education worldwide 2000-2020

Number of pupils in primary education worldwide from 2000 to 2020 (in millions)

Net enrollment rate in primary school worldwide 2000-2018

Net enrollment rate in primary school worldwide from 2000 to 2018

Lower secondary education net enrollment rate globally 2020, by country development

Net enrollment rate in primary school worldwide in 2020, by country development status

Primary school completion rate worldwide 2000-2020

Primary school completion rate worldwide from 2000 to 2020

Secondary education

• Basic Statistic Number of pupils in secondary education worldwide 2000-2020
• Basic Statistic Net enrollment rate in secondary school worldwide 2000-2018
• Basic Statistic Secondary school net enrollment rate globally 2020, by level and country development
• Basic Statistic Lower secondary completion rate worldwide 2000-2019
• Premium Statistic Sex ratio in secondary education worldwide 2000-2020, by gender

Number of pupils in secondary education worldwide 2000-2020

Number of pupils in secondary education worldwide from 2000 to 2020 (in millions)

Net enrollment rate in secondary school worldwide 2000-2018

Net enrollment rate in secondary school worldwide from 2000 to 2018

Secondary school net enrollment rate globally 2020, by level and country development

Net enrollment rate in secondary education worldwide in 2020, by level and country development status

Lower secondary completion rate worldwide 2000-2019

Lower secondary completion rate worldwide from 2000 to 2019

Sex ratio in secondary education worldwide 2000-2020, by gender

Sex ratio among those enrolled in secondary education worldwide from 2000 to 2020, gender parity index*

• Premium Statistic Number of universities worldwide in 2023, by country
• Basic Statistic World university rankings by Times Higher Education 2023/2024
• Basic Statistic Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) 2023
• Basic Statistic World university rankings by reputation score, by Times Higher Education 2022
• Premium Statistic Top host destination of international students worldwide 2022
• Premium Statistic International student share of higher-ed population worldwide in 2022, by country
• Premium Statistic Field of study of international students worldwide 2022, by country

Number of universities worldwide in 2023, by country

Estimated number of universities worldwide as of July 2023, by country

World university rankings by Times Higher Education 2023/2024

World university rankings for 2023/24, according to Times Higher Education

Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) 2023

The 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) by Shanghai Ranking Consultancy

World university rankings by reputation score, by Times Higher Education 2022

Times Higher Education ranking of the best universities worldwide in 2022, by reputation score

Top host destination of international students worldwide 2022

Top host destination of international students worldwide in 2022, by number of students

International student share of higher-ed population worldwide in 2022, by country

Countries with the largest amount of international students as a share of the total higher education population in 2022

Field of study of international students worldwide 2022, by country

Field of study of international students worldwide in 2022, by country

Literacy rates

• Basic Statistic Global adult literacy rate 2000-2022, by gender
• Basic Statistic Global youth literacy rate 2000-2022, by gender
• Basic Statistic Global youth literacy rate as gender parity index 2009-2022
• Basic Statistic Illiteracy rates by world region 2022

Global adult literacy rate from 2000 to 2022, by gender

Global youth literacy rate from 2000 to 2022, by gender

Global youth literacy rate as gender parity index 2009-2022

Global youth literacy rate as gender parity index (GPI) from 2009 to 2022

The illiteracy rate among all adults (over 15-year-old) in 2022, by world region

Impact of COVID-19

• Basic Statistic Number of countries with closed schools worldwide 2021, by status
• Basic Statistic Number of students in countries with closed schools worldwide 2021, by status
• Basic Statistic Students and teachers affected by the coronavirus pandemic worldwide 2020
• Basic Statistic Number of students at risk of not returning to education institutions worldwide 2020
• Basic Statistic Share of students at risk of not returning to education institutions worldwide 2020
• Basic Statistic Number of students at risk of not returning to school worldwide 2020, by region

Number of countries with closed schools worldwide 2021, by status

Number of countries with closed schools worldwide in 2021, by status

Number of students in countries with closed schools worldwide 2021, by status

Number of students in countries with closed schools worldwide in 2021, by status (in millions)

Students and teachers affected by the coronavirus pandemic worldwide 2020

Students and teachers affected by the coronavirus pandemic worldwide in 2020 (in billions)

Number of students at risk of not returning to education institutions worldwide 2020

Estimated number of students at risk of not returning to education institutions worldwide as of 2020, by education level (in millions)

Share of students at risk of not returning to education institutions worldwide 2020

Estimated share of students at risk of not returning to education institutions worldwide as of 2020, by education level (in millions)

Number of students at risk of not returning to school worldwide 2020, by region

Estimated number of students at risk of not returning to education institutions worldwide as of 2020, by region (in millions)

Estimated number of students at risk of not returning to education institutions worldwide as of 2020, by gender (in millions)

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education level or educational level

• Thread starter Mango18
• Start date Oct 29, 2018
• Oct 29, 2018

Hello! Please, help me with the phrase "educational level" for this chart https://ielts911.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/image_20-1024x768.png Can I use it in the sentence like that: "The number of men and women teachers in different types of educational establishments was opposite regarding their educational level". I want the "educational level" to refer to the types of educational settings , that is: Nursery, College, University (in the chart), but it seems to me, it sounds like I refer to the educational level of the teachers. Is there a better way to write the sentence, but not to lose the meaning of opposition between the teachers' gender and the level of settings? And secondly, is there a difference between " education level" and "education al level"? For example: "Education in Iceland is free of charge, but students at the upper secondary and higher education levels pay registration fees." "Women had a higher educational level than men." Does "education level" refer to the level of settings and "education al " - to the education that a person has in general?  

Senior Member

Both educational level and education level are inappropriate and wrong in your example. The chart refers to "educational setting " - a "setting" is not the same as a "level".  

PaulQ, thank you! I understand that the level and the setting are different things, but my logic was the following: people of both genders work in different educational settings. The higher the level of the setting was (from elementary to higher education), the more different situation we can observe with the percentage of people. Would this be more correct: "The number of men and women teachers was opposite regarding the educational level of different types of educational establishments"?  

No. "The number of men and women teachers was opposite regarding the educational level of different types of educational establishment" is incomprehensible. You need to think about the idea and try to express that it is the proportion of female teachers decreases as the educational level of the setting increases, but the opposite is true for men.  

The term “educational level” mainly refers to how long any particular person stays in the education system and what level of educational qualifications they hold (which may be anything from a basic school-leaving certificate to a doctorate). “Education level” is another (less common) way of saying it. In trying to explain that graph you might do better to think in terms of the age groups taught. And you should certainly explain it as simply as you possibly can.  

PaulQ and lingobingo, thank you very much!  

Educational Attainment in the United States

Educational attainment #1, detailed educational attainment #2, educational attainment sex ratio #3, detailed educational attainment sex ratio #4, bachelor's degrees by age #5, bachelor's degrees sex ratio by age #6, median earnings by educational attainment #7, median earnings by educational attainment #8, composition of the armed forces by educational attainment #9, employment by educational attainment #10, lacking high school diploma by race #11, college graduates by race #12, map of educational attainment by state in the united states.

• Coarse: Post-Secondary Degree
• Coarse: High School Diploma
• Coarse: No High School Diploma
• Detailed: Doctorate Degree
• Detailed: Professional Degree
• Detailed: Master's Degree
• Detailed: Bachelor's Degree
• Detailed: Associate's Degree
• Detailed: Some College
• Detailed: High School Diploma or Equivalent
• Detailed: Some High School
• Detailed: Less than High School
• Detailed: None

Coarse: Post-Secondary Degree Educational Attainment by State #13

Coarse: high school diploma educational attainment by state #14, coarse: no high school diploma educational attainment by state #15, detailed: doctorate degree educational attainment by state #16, detailed: professional degree educational attainment by state #17, detailed: master's degree educational attainment by state #18, detailed: bachelor's degree educational attainment by state #19, detailed: associate's degree educational attainment by state #20, detailed: some college educational attainment by state #21, detailed: high school diploma or equivalent educational attainment by state #22, detailed: some high school educational attainment by state #23, detailed: less than high school educational attainment by state #24, detailed: none educational attainment by state #25, failed to load :-(, map of educational attainment by county in the united states, coarse: post-secondary degree educational attainment by county #26, coarse: high school diploma educational attainment by county #27, coarse: no high school diploma educational attainment by county #28, detailed: doctorate degree educational attainment by county #29, detailed: professional degree educational attainment by county #30, detailed: master's degree educational attainment by county #31, detailed: bachelor's degree educational attainment by county #32, detailed: associate's degree educational attainment by county #33, detailed: some college educational attainment by county #34, detailed: high school diploma or equivalent educational attainment by county #35, detailed: some high school educational attainment by county #36, detailed: less than high school educational attainment by county #37, detailed: none educational attainment by county #38, educational attainment by place in the united states, no h.s. diploma by place #39, bachelor's degrees by place #40, very advanced degrees by place #41, under-education sex ratio by place #42, over-education sex ratio by place #43, educational attainment by metro area in the united states, no h.s. diploma by metro area #44, bachelor's degrees by metro area #45, very advanced degrees by metro area #46, under-education sex ratio by metro area #47, over-education sex ratio by metro area #48, educational attainment by state in the united states, no h.s. diploma by state #49, bachelor's degrees by state #50, very advanced degrees by state #51, under-education sex ratio by state #52, over-education sex ratio by state #53, educational attainment by county in the united states, no h.s. diploma by county #54, bachelor's degrees by county #55, very advanced degrees by county #56, under-education sex ratio by county #57, over-education sex ratio by county #58, educational attainment by division in the united states, no h.s. diploma by division #59, bachelor's degrees by division #60, very advanced degrees by division #61, under-education sex ratio by division #62, over-education sex ratio by division #63, educational attainment by region in the united states, no h.s. diploma by region #64, bachelor's degrees by region #65, very advanced degrees by region #66, under-education sex ratio by region #67, over-education sex ratio by region #68, definitions.

Educational attainment is reported in terms of the highest level of education obtained by persons aged 25 years and older. On this page, we report on both detailed and coarse categorizations of the levels of education in the population. The detailed levels of educational attainment are as follows:

• None: no formal education at all
• Less than High School: some education, but stopped short of high school
• Some High School: some high school education, but no high school diploma (or equivalent)
• Some College: high school diploma (or equivalent), and some college, but no post-secondary degree
• Associate's Degree: highest post-secondary degree is an associate's degree (including occupational or academic degrees)
• Bachelor's Degree: highest post-secondary degree is a bachelor's degree (e.g., BA, BS, AB)
• Master's Degree: highest post-secondary degree is a master's degree (e.g., MA, MS, MENG, MSW)
• Professional Degree: highest post-secondary degree is a professional degree (e.g., MD, DDC, JD)
• Doctorate Degree: highest post-secondary degree is a doctorate degree (e.g., PhD, EdD)

The coarse levels of educational attainment are as follows:

• No High School Diploma: does not have a high school diploma or equivalent
• High School Diploma: has a high school diploma or equivalent and possibly some college, but no post-secondary degrees
• Higher Degree: has some post-secondary degree (associate's, bachelor's, master's, professional, doctorate)

For additional information about the data presented on this site, including our sources, please see the About Page .

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Demographics.

• Age and Sex
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• National Origin
• Household Income
• Employment Status
• Food Stamps
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• Educational Attainment
• School Enrollment

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Averaged freshman graduation rates (AFGR) of public secondary schools

The president's 2020 college attainment goal, early learning through high school, postsecondary education and training, teachers and leaders, an excellent education for all.

Berkeley School of Education

Undergraduate major in educational sciences, major course requirements.

To complete the major requirements, students must take 13 total courses. Eleven of those courses are in four domains (Teaching and Learning; Educational Contexts in a Global World; Education and Social Transformation; and Educational Research and Practice). Within these areas, students are able to choose among a subset of courses, as listed below. Two of the courses will be  of upper-division elective coursework, either within the School of Education (including graduate level courses) or from a pre-approved list of electives outside of the School.

Grading Options and Required Grades

• All courses counting towards the Major must be taken for a letter grade
• All courses counting towards the Major must receive a C- or greater
• No more than two overlapping upper divison courses may be used for the Major
• Overall GPA must be at or above 2.0 for graduation

Teaching and Learning

Required (select two):

EDUC 130: Knowing and Learning in Math and Science (3)

EDUC  140AC / *EDUC W140A: The Art of Making Meaning: Educational Perspectives on Literacy and Learning in a Global World (4)

Select one:

EDUC  114A: Early development and Education (4)

EDUC  132: Language Learning in Chicanx/Latinx Communities (4)

EDUC  166: Will STEM Save US? The Promises and Perils of STEM Education (3)

EDUC  170: Teaching and Learning Data/Computational Science (3)

Educational Contexts in a Global World 

Select three:

EDUC  40AC: From Macro to Micro: Experiencing Education (In)equality in and Beyond Schools (3)

* EDUC  141: Exploring Digital Pedagogy (3)

* EDUC  142: Education in a Global World (4)

EDUC  154: Language in/and the World (3)

* EDUC  161: Digital Learning Environments (3)

* EDUC  165: Early Learning Environments for Diverse Learners (4)

EDUC  167: Higher Education Policy (3)

Education and Social Transformation  

EDUC  155AC: Asian American Struggles and Collective Learning for Racial Justice (4)

EDUC  163: Contemporary Issues in US Education (3)

EDUC C 181: Race, Identity, and Culture in Urban Schools (3)

EDUC  182AC: The Politics of Educational Inequality (4) 

EDUC  188: Language, Race and Power in Education (3) 

* EDUC  190AC/ EDUC W190A: Critical Studies in Education (4)

EDUC W190: Critical Studies in Education (3)

Educational Fieldwork, Research, and Project Capstone 

Required capstone research/practicum course (Choose one):

* EDUC  W144: Practicum in Education/Capstone project (3)

EDUC 150/EDUC 187A: Teachers of Color In the United States (3)

Please note: Students who took EDUCW144  Spring 2024 or prior for 1-2 units are permitted to count these units towards the Capstone requirement, and can repeat EDUC W144 for 1-2 units to reach the 3 unit requirement.

Students taking EDUCW144  after Spring 2024   are expected to take  EDUCW144 for the full 3 units  to satisfy the Capstone requirement.

EDUC  122: Research Methods for Science and Mathematics K-12 Teachers (3)

* EDUC  153: Research in Education: Studying Educational Inequality and Possibility (4)

EDUC  168: Educational Testing in the USA: Issues and a Practical Experience (3)

Two elective courses

Students must take an additional 6-8 units (two courses) of upper-division elective coursework, either within the School of Education (including graduate level courses, see the Academic Guide  or from a pre-approved list of electives outside of BSE, aligned with elective courses already approved for our undergraduate maojr and minor ( see the Education approved course list ).

Degree Requirements

View full Degree requirements for the School of Education

Declaring the Educational Sciences Major

Education courses, bse undergraduate advisor.

email:  [email protected]

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Public-sector workforce returns to pre-pandemic levels, but gaps persist, after shedding nearly 1 million jobs, staffing levels are now higher than at the start of 2020. but severe shortages remain in several fields such as nursing, public safety and education..

• There are more state and local workers now than at the start of the pandemic.
• However, several job categories remain difficult to fill due to a dramatic drop in the workforce pool.
• Governments are growing more concerned with skills and training.

• Workforce California’s Telework May End If Program Goes Unfunded March 5, 2024  ·  TNS

• Workforce To Build More Homes, the U.S. First Needs More Workers Jan. 25, 2024  ·  TNS

Low education levels may be hurting employers

Employers in states with some of the country's lowest education levels may want to consider how to boost education among their workforces.

Education has a profound impact on one’s life. With more education comes higher earning potential and decreased instances of unemployment. 1  Increasing levels of education are even associated with improvements in life expectancy. 2

Consequently people with lower levels of education tend to also have lower levels of health literacy, 3  or the ability to understand information as it pertains to their health. This can prevent employees from taking full advantage of their health plan, leading to poor health management. 4

Lower levels of health literacy may impact more than just the individual — they may also create ripple effects for employers. For instance, if an employee doesn’t have the ability to make informed health decisions based on their level of education or understanding, they may experience worse outcomes and be less productive at work. In fact, more than 45% of people struggle with at least 1 unmet  social determinant of health (SDOH) , such as access to education, which can result in them having:

• Significantly larger gaps in care and a higher likelihood to report poor physical health 5
• 2x the emergency department utilization as those with no SDOH risks 6
• 5x higher likelihood to report mental health issues 5
• An average of 6 or more days of missed work in the past 12 months 5

Since educational attainment is a strong predictor of future health, 7  employers operating in states such as North Dakota , New Mexico and California may want to consider investing in ways to support and advance the educational opportunities that exist for employees, their families and those living in these communities where educational attainment is some of the lowest in the country. 8

Encouraging education

The first step to addressing SDOH is to understand which factors, such as one’s level of education, may be impacting an employee’s overall health and well-being and then develop programs or benefits that help support their needs.

For instance, UnitedHealthcare leverages data to pinpoint these opportunities and then works with employer groups to help create programs that engage employees, improve outcomes and manage costs. In addition, employers can invest in programs that use predictive analytics to proactively identify employees who may be dealing with social issues. .

“Employers are a taking a closer look at their benefits package, providing more flexibility during the workday or adding services to address identified needs in their populations,” says Craig Kurtzweil, chief analytics officer for UnitedHealthcare Employer & Individual.

To address low levels of educational attainment within a workforce, some employers may elect to offer their employees regular time off to pursue continuing education. Employers with more resources may even help subsidize education for their employees with a tuition reimbursement program. There are also employers who work to make education more accessible or affordable within broader communities because they recognize that encouraging education among younger generations is an investment in their future workforce.

When an employer invests in an employee’s education — or the education of communities — it may result in more loyal employees and a stronger employee retention rate, not to mention a highly skilled workforce.

Boosting health literacy

Because one’s education level is connected to their ability to understand and manage their health, it’s important for employers to educate their workforce about what their health plan offers and how it works. In fact, 2 in 3 employees surveyed said they wanted better and more consistent benefit education throughout the year, not just at open enrollment. 9

To help improve health literacy among their employees, employers can hold educational sessions, whether in-person or virtually, with their health plan representative, broker or consultant, or share content and materials provided to them on a regular cadence. For instance, with the UnitedHealthcare Employee Engagement Planner (EEP) , employers can send timely, relevant materials to their employees on topics ranging from reminders about flu shots to information about digital tools.

Employers can also encourage the formation of health and wellness committees, which can work to fill in health literacy gaps, host wellness fairs, provide on-site clinics or even develop health and well-being challenges.

“This is the future of health care. We’re using a whole person approach to care for each member which includes understanding their social needs and their life experiences,” says Dr. Cyrus Batheja, national vice president of enterprise transformation and strategic solutions for UnitedHealthcare. “It moves us beyond just medical approaches. We know broader understanding is ultimately the key to putting members first and improving well-being.”

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Practice Makes Perfect: Teaching Robots To Walk On The Moon

The Palmer Glacier on Oregon’s Mount Hood isn’t the moon, but it’s a good place to practice.

Some 6,000 feet up the snow-capped mountain, located about 70 miles east of Portland, a multi-disciplinary team from the University of Southern California, Texas A&M University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Oregon State University, Temple University, the University of Pennsylvania and NASA recently gathered to turn loose a four-legged robot named Spirit into the wild.

The team that included engineers, cognitive scientists, geoscientists and planetary scientists field-tested Spirit as part of the  LASSIE Project: Legged Autonomous Surface Science in Analog Environments . Spirit covered a variety of challenging terrains, using its spindly metal legs to amble over, across and around shifting dirt, slushy snow and boulders during five days of testing in summer 2023. Sometimes it expertly traversed the hillside, while at other moments, it teetered and fell over — all part of the trial-and-error process to better understand the substrate properties and learn to better walk on these extreme terrains. The practice time Spirit logged produced data that will be used to train future robots for use on intergalactic surfaces, like Earth’s moon and perhaps other planetary bodies in our solar system.

“A legged robot needs to be able to detect what is happening when it interacts with the ground underneath, and rapidly adjust its locomotion strategies accordingly,” said  Dr. Feifei Qian , an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at the USC Viterbi School of Engineering and School of Advanced Computing, which is leading the project funded by NASA. “When the robot leg slips on ice or sinks into soft snow, it inspires us to look for new principles and strategies that can push the boundary of human knowledge and enable new technology. We learn and improve from the observed failures.”

Dr. Marion Nachon , an associate research scientist and lecturer in the  Department of Geology and Geophysics  at Texas A&M, is a co-investigator for the three-year project along with  NASA Johnson Space Center geologist and former Texas A&M Geology and Geophysics professor Dr. Ryan Ewing. The aim of the research is to create and test next-generation, high-mobility walking, or “legged,” robots capable of agilely moving through a variety of challenging planetary environments including icy surfaces, crusted sand and rocky terrain to flexibly support scientific exploration goals and enhance scientists’ abilities to gather information in space as well as other difficult-to-navigate environments.

Nachon, who came to Texas A&M in 2018 as a postdoctoral researcher, has more than a decade of expertise working with NASA Mars Exploration Rover missions — first, Curiosity, and currently, Perseverance. Her work focuses on data analysis in an ongoing effort to learn more about the composition of Mars’ surface and better understand the geologic history of the planet. In addition, she has been involved with rover operations, the decision-making aspect of what terrains and rocks to explore and analyze.

“Rover operations is a daily and intensive teamwork-based effort that requires discussions between teams of engineers and of scientists involved with all the rover instruments,” Nachon said. “We work together in order to send everyday instructions to the rover so that its instruments work on what we want them to do as soon as the day starts on Mars.”In a similar fashion for the LASSIE Project, Nachon helps to organize the collaboration’s fieldwork campaigns at White Sands National Park in New Mexico and Mount Hood, assisting in the planning and coordination of the scientific, operations and robotics teams while also participating in data and sample collection and analysis.

“One of my key contributions is investigating the high-resolution textures of the granular material and collecting samples that we can analyze using micro-X-ray fluorescence, which is a technique that also for the first time is being used onboard a Mars rover — Perseverance’s  PIXL instrument .”

PIXL’s name is a direct reference to “pixel,” the smallest digital point in an image representing the heart of image processing and digital images, from space telescope pictures to rover “selfies.”

Nachon notes that two additional Texas A&M Geology and Geophysics scientists are participating in the NASA Perseverance rover mission as experts in micro-X-ray fluorescence:  Dr. Michael Tice  and  Dr. Lauren O’Neil .

As for Spirit, it continues to gain experience getting around in a variety of natural environments, with the goal of learning how to better move on challenging terrain. In addition to Qian letting it off its leash on Southern California beaches, the multi-university team has field-tested it in the soft granules of White Sands National Park as well as the otherworldly landscape of Mount Hood characteristic of planetary-analogue environments. The LASSIE Project calls for two more trips for Spirit — to White Sands and Mount Hood — ensuring plenty of opportunities for it to learn on Earth prior to potentially exploring other planets.

“You look around us, it would be very hard to drive up this,” says Ewing in a  video  produced for the team by documentary filmmaker Sean Grasso. “But as a legged being, as humans, we can step around it easily. A dog could walk around it easily. So this project is the proving ground that we can enable new science and new mobility on environments that are like other planets.”

Media contact: Shana K. Hutchins, [email protected]

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2024 State of Malware in Education report: Top 6 cyberthreats facing K-12 and Higher Ed

Educational institutions may face a range of cyberthreats in 2024, but our 2024 State of Malware in Education report identifies the six most critical ones.

Ransomware, for example, stands out as a key threat for schools and universities. The report covers how last year, we witnessed a 92% increase in ransomware attacks in K-12 schools and a 70% increase in Higher Education. The trend appears set to continue, partly due to specialized ransomware groups like Rhysida (formerly Vice Society ) targeting educational sectors.  

Another major threat our 2024 State of Malware in Education covers is the reduction of conventional malware in favor of Living off The Land (LOTL) attacks. LOTL attacks exploit legitimate system tools to remain undetected while conducting harmful activities.

Our report suggests that educational institutions must employ expert staff to manually identify LOTL activities, which traditional malware detection tools miss. For example, we recently wrote how one K-12 district used MDR to uncover malicious PowerShell activity and stop an ongoing infection.

Some other trends and threats educational institutions can expect in the report to cover include:

• Why targeting Macs has become an easy choice for criminals 
• How CL0P is r ewriting the ransomware playbook and why Big Game ransomware remains the most serious threat.
• How cybercriminals use ‘malvertising’ to target educational institutions with malicious ads for popular for remote learning such as Zoom. 

As we progress into 2024, the reality is that educational institutions’ success in pairing state of the art security software with skilled security staff will be a deciding factor in their ability to take down the most serious cyberthreats. 

To understand the complete list of threats facing educational institutions in 2024 and how to tackle them, get the full 2024 State of Malware in Education report—tailored to either K-12 or Higher Ed—below.

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CFA Level 1 February Result 2024 released at cfainstitute.org, direct link to download

CFA Level 1 Results 2024 on Email

How to download cfa level 1 result 2024, visual stories.

JEE Main Paper Analysis 2024: NTA has concluded both the shifts for JEE Main Session 2 exam today, April 4, 2024. Shift two for today’s exam was conducted from 3 PM to 6 PM. Meanwhile, the first exam shift was conducted from 9 AM to 12 PM. As per the first reaction by students, the JEE Main shift 2 exam was moderate to difficult. The exam was slightly more difficult than the JEE Main shift 2 January attempt. The mathematics section was lengthiest out of all three subjects. Chemistry section was mostly based on physical and organic chemistry. Meanwhile physics section was easy and balanced.

The students reported that the Maths section of the JEE Main 2024 exam was difficult and lengthy in comparison to the other two sections. The Physics section was easy to moderate in difficulty level while the Chemistry section was considered to be moderate and balanced. The JEE Main Exam analysis 2024 from the experts reflects that the paper was well-balanced and covered all major topics from both Class 11th and 12th syllabus of CBSE board.

Mr. Ajay Kumar Sharma, National Academic Director, Aakash Educational Services Limited stated that “NTA has followed the same level of difficulty of Phase-2 as compared to the one asked in Phase-1”. He also said that “Physics was on the easier side whereas Chemistry was on the easy to moderate side in this paper. Mathematics was on moderate to difficult side with lengthy and calculative questions”.

The second shift of the JEE Main 2024 examination has commenced and will be conducted from 3 PM to 6 PM.

JEE Main Expected Cut off 2024 for Top NITs

Candidates can take a look at the JEE Main Expected cut off 2024 for top NITs in the table provided below.

JEE Main Paper Analysis for April 4 Shift 2

The second shift for today’s JEE Main exam has now concluded. The shift 2 paper was moderately difficult, as per the initial response by the students. Students claim that the paper was mostly based on NCERT. Candidates can check the overall and section-wise analysis of JEE Main 2024 Session 2 exam in the table below.

JEE Main Paper Analysis for April 4 Shift 1 

The JEE Main exam 2024 for shift 1 concluded at 12 PM. According to the candidates and experts, the overall JEE Main paper was moderate. Among 11th and 12th class, more number of questions were asked from 12th class syllabus.

As per the expert, Mr. Ajay Kumar Sharma, the Chemistry section was more or less balanced in terms of difficulty level. P-Block chemistry was dominant in the paper. The overall coverage of the chapters was uniform. He stated that the Physics section was easier and questions were asked from almost all the chapters. Mathematics section was the toughest as it was this section was considered to be lengthy. Calculations were time consuming and a majority of questions were asked from Calculus, as per the expert’s review.

Candidates can check the overall analysis in the table below including subject-wise weightage and high-weightage topics.

JEE Main Answer Key 2024 Session 2 (Unofficial)

The JEE Main Answer Key will be released by the NTA following the completion of Session 2 of JEE Main Examination. Tentatively, the answer key is expected to be released by April 20, 2024. Candidates will be able to access the official JEE Main answer key on the NTA website upon its release.

Candidates can download the JEE Main Answer Key for different shifts from the table given below: 

JEE Main 2024 Marking Scheme 

The JEE Main Exam consists of three sections: Physics, Chemistry and Maths. Each section carries 100 marks. The exam consists of MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) and numerical value questions. The overall marking scheme is provided in the following table.

Also check:   JEE Main Expected Cut off 2024

Frequently Asked Questions

Question) Who will release the JEE Main Result 2024?

Answer) The National Testing Agency (NTA) will release the JEE Main 2024 Result .

Question) What is JEE Main Result 2024 date?

Answer) The JEE Main 2024 Result is expected to be declared on April 25, 2024 (tentative date).

Question) What will JEE Main cut off 2024 be released?

Answer) JEE Main cut off 2024 will be released a few days after the declaration of results.

Question) What is the official website of JEE Main 2024?

Answer) The official website of JEE Main 2024 is jeemain.nta.ac.in.

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Census Bureau Releases New Educational Attainment Data

For Immediate Release: Thursday, February 16, 2023

FEB. 16, 2023 — The U.S. Census Bureau today released findings from the Educational Attainment in the United States: 2022 table package, which uses statistics from the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement to examine the educational attainment of adults age 18 and older by demographic and social characteristics, such as age, sex, race and nativity. 

• 9% had less than a high school diploma or equivalent.
• 28% had high school as their highest level of school completed. 
• 15% had completed some college but not a degree.
• 10% had an associate degree as their highest level of school completed.
• 23% had a bachelor’s degree as their highest degree.
• 14% had completed advanced education such as a master’s degree, professional degree or doctorate. 
• Bachelor’s degree share has not risen significantly since 2020. In 2020, 37.5% of people age 25 or older had at least a bachelor’s degree, and in 2022, 37.7% had a bachelor’s degree, but the difference is not statistically significant.
• In 2022, 30.1% of men age 25 and older had completed a high school diploma or GED as their highest level of educational attainment, compared with 27.0% of women age 25 and older.
• In 2022, 39.0% of women age 25 and older, and 36.2% of men in the same age range, had completed a bachelor’s degree or more as their highest level of educational attainment.
• From 2012 to 2022, the percentage of adults age 25 and older who had completed high school increased for all race and Hispanic origin groups. During this period, high school completion increased from 92.5% to 95.2% for the non-Hispanic White population; from 85% to 90.1% for the Black population; from 88.9% to 92.3% for the Asian population; and from 65% to 75.2% for the Hispanic population.
• From 2012 to 2022, the percentage of adults age 25 and older with a bachelor’s degree or more increased from 34.5% to 41.8% for the non-Hispanic White population; from 21.2% to 27.6% for the Black population; from 51% to 59.3% for the Asian population; and from 14.5% to 20.9% for the Hispanic population. 
• Recent immigrants to the United States were more likely to have a college education than earlier immigrants or U.S. natives. In 2022, among immigrants who arrived since 2010, 45.2% had a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared with 38.0% of U.S. natives, and 32.8% of earlier immigrants who arrived in the 1990s.
• Naturalized citizens and the children of immigrants both had high levels of educational attainment in 2022, with 41.6% of naturalized immigrants and 43.4% of children of immigrants having a bachelor’s degree or higher.
• In 2022, a greater share of U.S. immigrants (15.2%) than U.S. natives (14.0%) held advanced degrees, such as master’s degrees, professional degrees or doctorates.  
• Between 2020 and 2021, the mean nominal earnings of workers age 18 and older rose at all levels of educational attainment, with the largest growth (about $6,900) for people whose highest credential was a bachelor’s degree, and the smallest estimated at about $2,500 for people who did not have a high school diploma or GED.
• Average earnings for non-Hispanic White workers age 18 and older whose highest credential was a bachelor’s degree rose by about $7,700.
• Earnings for Hispanic and Asian workers in this group rose by about $6,200 and $6,100, respectively.
• The change for Black workers — estimated at about $2,600 — was not statistically significant.
• Except for the difference between Non-Hispanic White workers and Black workers, the changes in mean earnings were not statistically different from each other for these race and Hispanic origin groups.

The Current Population Survey, sponsored jointly by the Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, is the primary source of labor force statistics for the population of the United States.

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Kristina Barrett Public Information Office 301-763-3030 or 877-861-2010 (U.S. and Canada only) [email protected]